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  • 1.
    Abrahamsson, S.
    et al.
    SLU, Umeå, Sweden .
    Ahlinder, J.
    FOI, Umeå, Sweden .
    Waldmann, Patrik
    Linköping University, Department of Computer and Information Science, Statistics. Linköping University, The Institute of Technology.
    García-Gil, M. R.
    SLU, Umeå, Sweden .
    Maternal heterozygosity and progeny fitness association in an inbred Scots pine population2013In: Genetica, ISSN 0016-6707, E-ISSN 1573-6857, Vol. 141, no 1-3, p. 41-50Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Associations between heterozygosity and fitness traits have typically been investigated in populations characterized by low levels of inbreeding. We investigated the associations between standardized multilocus heterozygosity (stMLH) in mother trees (obtained from12 nuclear microsatellite markers) and five fitness traits measured in progenies from an inbred Scots pine population. The traits studied were proportion of sound seed, mean seed weight, germination rate, mean family height of one-year old seedlings under greenhouse conditions (GH) and mean family height of three-year old seedlings under field conditions (FH). The relatively high average inbreeding coefficient (F) in the population under study corresponds to a mixture of trees with different levels of co-ancestry, potentially resulting from a recent bottleneck. We used both frequentist and Bayesian methods of polynomial regression to investigate the presence of linear and non-linear relations between stMLH and each of the fitness traits. No significant associations were found for any of the traits except for GH, which displayed negative linear effect with stMLH. Negative HFC for GH could potentially be explained by the effect of heterosis caused by mating of two inbred mother trees (Lippman and Zamir 2006), or outbreeding depression at the most heterozygote trees and its negative impact on the fitness of the progeny, while their simultaneous action is also possible (Lynch. 1991). However,since this effect wasn’t detected for FH, we cannot either rule out that the greenhouse conditions introduce artificial effects that disappear under more realistic field conditions.

  • 2.
    Agnvall, Beatrix
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Biology. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Jensen, Per
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Biology. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Effects of Divergent Selection for Fear of Humans on Behaviour in Red Junglefowl2016In: PLOS ONE, E-ISSN 1932-6203, Vol. 11, no 11, p. 1-12Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Domestication has caused a range of similar phenotypic changes across taxa, relating to physiology, morphology and behaviour. It has been suggested that this recurring domesticated phenotype may be a result of correlated responses to a central trait, namely increased tameness. We selected Red Junglefowl, the ancestors of domesticated chickens, during five generations for reduced fear of humans. This caused a marked and significant response in tameness, and previous studies have found correlated effects on growth, metabolism, reproduction, and some behaviour not directly selected for. Here, we report the results from a series of behavioural tests carried out on the initial parental generation (P0) and the fifth selected generation (S5), focusing on behaviour not functionally related to tameness, in order to study any correlated effects. Birds were tested for fear of humans, social reinstatement tendency, open field behaviour at two different ages, foraging/exploration, response to a simulated aerial predator attack and tonic immobility. In S5, there were no effects of selection on foraging/exploration or tonic immobility, while in the social reinstatement and open field tests there were significant interactions between selection and sex. In the aerial predator test, there were significant main effects of selection, indicating that fear of humans may represent a general wariness towards predators. In conclusion, we found only small correlated effects on behaviours not related to the tameness trait selected for, in spite of them showing high genetic correlations to fear of humans in a previous study on the same population. This suggests that species-specific behaviour is generally resilient to changes during domestication.

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  • 3.
    Alkaissi, Hammoudi
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of Neuro and Inflammation Science. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences.
    Havarinasab, Said
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of Neuro and Inflammation Science. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences.
    Nielsen, Jesper Bo
    Univ Southern Denmark, Denmark.
    Söderkvist, Peter
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of Cell Biology. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Region Östergötland, Center for Diagnostics, Clinical genetics.
    Hultman, Per
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of Neuro and Inflammation Science. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Region Östergötland, Center for Diagnostics, Clinical pathology.
    Bank1 and NF-kappaB as key regulators in anti-nucleolar antibody development2018In: PLOS ONE, E-ISSN 1932-6203, Vol. 13, no 7, article id e0199979Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Systemic autoimmune rheumatic disorders (SARD) represent important causes of morbidity and mortality in humans. The mechanisms triggering autoimmune responses are complex and involve a network of genetic factors. Mercury-induced autoimmunity (HgIA) in mice is an established model to study the mechanisms of the development of antinuclear antibodies (ANA), which is a hallmark in the diagnosis of SARD. A.SW mice with HgIA show a significantly higher titer of antinucleolar antibodies (ANoA) than the B10.S mice, although both share the same MHC class II (H-2). We applied a genome-wide association study (GWAS) to their Hg-exposed F2 offspring to investigate the non-MHC genes involved in the development of ANoA. Quantitative trait locus (QTL) analysis showed a peak logarithm of odds ratio (LOD) score of 3.05 on chromosome 3. Microsatellites were used for haplotyping, and fine mapping was conducted with next generation sequencing. The candidate genes Bank1 (B-cell scaffold protein with ankyrin repeats 1) and Nfkbl (nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1) were identified by additional QTL analysis. Expression of the Bank1 and Nfkb1 genes and their downstream target genes involved in the intracellular pathway (Tlr9,II6, Tnf) was investigated in mercury-exposed A.SW and B10.S mice by real-time PCR. Bank1 showed significantly lower gene expression in the A.SW strain after Hg-exposure, whereas the B10.S strain showed no significant difference. Nfkb1, Tlr9, II6 and Tnf had significantly higher gene expression in the A.SW strain after Hg-exposure, while the B10.S strain showed no difference. This study supports the roles of Bank1 (produced mainly in B-cells) and Nfkbl (produced in most immune cells) as key regulators of ANoA development in HgIA.

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  • 4.
    Anderson, Judy E.
    et al.
    Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada; Manitoba Institute of Child's Health (MICH), University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada.
    Hansen, Lise Lotte
    Institute of Human Genetics, University of Aarhus, Denmark.
    Mooren, Frank C.
    Department of Sports Medicine, Institute of Sport Sciences, University Giessen, Germany.
    Post, Markus
    Department of Sports Medicine, Institute of Sport Sciences, University Giessen, Germany.
    Hug, Hubert
    DSM Nutritional Products Ltd, Research & Development, Kaiseraugst, Switzerland.
    Zuse, Anne
    Manitoba Institute of Cell Biology (MICB), CancerCare Manitoba, 675 McDermot Ave. Rm. ON6010, Winnipeg, Man. R3E 0V9, Canada.
    Los, Marek Jan
    Manitoba Institute of Cell Biology, Cancer Care Manitoba; Manitoba Institute of Child Health; Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics; Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, University Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada, .
    Methods and biomarkers for the diagnosis and prognosis of cancer and other diseases: Towards personalized medicine2006In: Drug resistance updates, ISSN 1368-7646, E-ISSN 1532-2084, Vol. 9, no 4-5, p. 198-210Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The rapid development of new diagnostic procedures, the mapping of the human genome, progress in mapping genetic polymorphisms, and recent advances in nucleic acid- and protein chip technologies are driving the development of personalized therapies. This breakthrough in medicine is expected to be achieved largely due to the implementation of "lab-on-the-chip" technology capable of performing hundreds, even thousands of biochemical, cellular and genetic tests on a single sample of blood or other body fluid. Focusing on a few disease-specific examples, this review discusses selected technologies and their combinations likely to be incorporated in the "lab-on-the-chip" and to provide rapid and versatile information about specific diseases entities. Focusing on breast cancer and after an overview of single-nucleofide polymorphism (SNP)-screening methodologies, we discuss the diagnostic and prognostic importance of SNPs. Next, using Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) as an example, we provide a brief overview of powerful and innovative integration of traditional immuno-histochemistry techniques with advanced biophysical methods such as NMR-spectroscopy or Fourier-transformed infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy. A brief overview of the challenges and opportunities provided by protein and aptamer microarrays follows. We conclude by highlighting novel and promising biochemical markers for the development of personalized treatment of cancer and other diseases: serum cytochrome c, cytokeratin-18 and -19 and their proteolytic fragments for the detection and quantitation of malignant tumor mass, tumor cell turn-over, inflammatory processes during hepatitis and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-induced hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis and apoptotic/necrotic cancer cell death. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

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  • 5.
    Aslan, Selcuk
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Molecular genetics.
    The molecular genotyping of flower development genes and allelic variations in ‘historic’ barley accessions2010Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (One Year)), 25 credits / 37,5 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    This is a genetic study of flowering time in cultivated barley with the aim to identify the alleles contributing to rapid flowering and frost resistance. We have genotyped a collection of 23 historic barley varieties for the crucial genes [VRN-1, VRN-2, VRN-3 (HvFT), Ppd-H1, CO, and Vrs1]. We have amplified the polymorphic mutations by PCR-based methods, and sequenced them to identify possible haplotype groups. The row type was not determined of all accessions, but all the Scandinavian varieties were found to carry mutant alleles of Vrs1, that indicates them to be six-row barleys. The deletion of the crucial segment of VRN-1 vernalization contributes dominant spring growth habit. We found haplotype groups 2 and 4 to be dominant in Northern barleys whereas haplotype groups 1 and 5 dominated in south. The presence of dominant allele VRN-2 gene is addressed to floral repression until plants get vernalized. Most of the 23 varieties were found to have deleted allele of VRN-2, which is connected with a spring growth habit. The only four of the accessions that have the dominant allele of Ppd-H1 that contribute flowering are generally from the south of Europe. HvFT and CO genes CO-interact to influence flowering time. CO haplotype grouping suggest a geographical distribution of different alleles but needs more disseminations. Certain HvFT alleles cause extremely early flowering during apex development in the varieties that have deletion of VRN-2 alleles under long days. VRN-3 alleles of 14 varieties were identified.

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  • 6.
    Atikuzzaman, Mohammad
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of Clinical Sciences. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences.
    Seminal Influence on the Oviduct: Mating and/or semen components induce gene expression changes in the pre-ovulatory functional sperm reservoir in poultry and pigs2016Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    Internal fertilization occurs in birds and eutherian mammals. Foetal development, however, is either extra- respectively intra-corpore (egg vs uterus). In these animal classes, the female genital tract stores ejaculated spermatozoa into a restricted oviductal segment; the functional pre-ovulatory sperm reservoir, where they survive until ovulation/s occur. Paradoxically, this immunologically foreign sperm suspension in seminal fluid/plasma, often microbiologically contaminated, ought to be promptly eliminated by the female local immune defence which, instead, tolerates its presence. The female immune tolerance is presumably signalled via a biochemical interplay of spermatozoa, as well as the peptides and proteins of the extracellular seminal fluid, with female epithelial and immune cells. Such interplay can result in gene expression shifts in the sperm reservoir in relation to variations in fertility. To further aid our understanding of the underlying mechanisms, this thesis studied the proteome of the seminal fluid (using 2D SDS-PAGE and mass spectrometry) including cytokine content (using Luminex and/or ELISA) of healthy, sexually mature and fertile boars and cocks. As well, gene expression changes (using cDNA microarray) in the oviductal sperm reservoirs of sexually-mature females, mated or artificially infused with homologous sperm-free seminal fluid/plasma were studied. Pigs were of commercial, fertility-selected modern breeds (Landrace), while chicken belonged to the ancestor Red Junglefowl (RJF, low egg laying-capacity), a selected egg-layer White Leghorn (WL) and of their Advanced Intercross Line (AIL). Ejaculates were manually collected as single sample in cocks or as the sperm-rich fraction [SRF] and the post- SRF fraction in boars to harvest seminal fluid/plasma for proteome/cytokine and infusion-studies. Oviducts were retrieved for gene-expression analyses via microarray immediately post-mortem (chicken) or at surgery (pig), 24 h after mating or genital infusion. In pigs, the protein-rich seminal plasma showed the highest amounts of cytokines [interferon-γ, interferon gamma-induced protein 10 (IP-10/CXCL10), macrophage derived chemokine (MDC/CCL22), growth-regulated oncogene (GRO/CXCL1), granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), monocyte chemo-attractant protein-1 (MCP-1/ CCL2), interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8/CXCL8, IL-10, IL-15, IL-17 and transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1-3) in the larger, protein-rich and sperm-poor post-SRF, indicating its main immune signalling influence. Chicken showed also a plethora of seminal fluid proteins with serum albumin and ovotransferrin being conserved through selection/evolution. However, they showed fewer cytokines than pigs, as the anti-inflammatory/immune-modulatory TGF-β2 or the pro-inflammatory CXCL10. The RJF contained fewer immune system process proteins and lacked TGF-β2 compared to WL and AIL, suggesting selection for increased fertility could be associated with higher expression of immune-regulating peptides/proteins. The oviductal sperm reservoir reacted in vivo to semen exposure. In chicken, mating significantly changed the expression of immune-modulatory and pH-regulatory genes in AIL. Moreover, modern fertile pigs (Landrace) and chicken (WL), albeit being taxonomically distant, shared gene functions for preservation of viable sperm in the oviduct. Mating or SP/SF-infusion were able to change the expression of comparable genes involved in pH-regulation (SLC16A2, SLC4A9, SLC13A1, SLC35F1, ATP8B3, ATP13A3) or immune-modulation (IFIT5, IFI16, MMP27, ADAMTS3, MMP3, MMP12). The results of the thesis demonstrate that both mating and components of the sperm-free seminal fluid/plasma elicit gene expression changes in the pre-ovulatory female sperm reservoir of chickens and pigs, some conserved over domestication and fertility-selection.

    List of papers
    1. The Seminal Plasma of the Boar is Rich in Cytokines, with Significant Individual and Intra-Ejaculate Variation
    Open this publication in new window or tab >>The Seminal Plasma of the Boar is Rich in Cytokines, with Significant Individual and Intra-Ejaculate Variation
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    2015 (English)In: American Journal of Reproductive Immunology, ISSN 1046-7408, E-ISSN 1600-0897, Vol. 74, no 6, p. 523-532Article in journal (Refereed) Published
    Abstract [en]

    Problem The boar, as human, sequentially ejaculates sperm-rich and sperm-poor fractions. Seminal plasma (SP) spermadhesins (PSP-I/PSP-II) induce a primary endometrial inflammatory response in female sows, similar to that elicited by semen deposition in other species, including human. However, the SP is also known to mitigate such response, making it transient to allow for embryo entry to a cleansed endometrium. Although cytokine involvement has been claimed, the exploration of cytokines in different SP fractions is scarce. This study determines Th1, Th2, Th17 and Th3 cytokine profiles in specific ejaculate SP fractions from boars of proven fertility. Methods SP samples from the sperm-rich fraction (SRF) and the sperm-poor post-SRF fraction (post-SRF) of manually collected ejaculates from eight boars (four ejaculates per boar) were analysed by commercial multiplex bead assay kits (Milliplex MAP, Millipore, USA) for interferon-gamma, interferon gamma-induced protein 10, macrophage-derived chemokine, growth-regulated oncogene, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor, monocyte chemo-attractant protein-1, interleukins (IL)-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-15, IL-17 and transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta 1-beta 3. Results Cytokine concentrations differed between the ejaculate fractions among boars, being highest in the post-SRF. Conclusion Boar SP is rich in Th1, Th2, Th17 and Th3 cytokines, with lowest concentrations in the sperm-peak-containing fraction, indicating its main immune influence might reside in the larger, protein-rich sperm-poor post-SRF.

    Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
    WILEY-BLACKWELL, 2015
    Keywords
    Ejaculate fractions; immunomodulatory molecules; pig; seminal plasma peptides
    National Category
    Clinical Medicine
    Identifiers
    urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-124497 (URN)10.1111/aji.12432 (DOI)000367669300006 ()26412440 (PubMedID)
    Note

    Funding Agencies|MINECO Madrid (Spain) [AGL2012-39903]; FEDER funds (EU); Formas (Stockholm, Sweden); MECD (Madrid, Spain); Seneca Foundation (Murcia, Spain)

    Available from: 2016-02-02 Created: 2016-02-01 Last updated: 2017-11-30
    2. Selection for higher fertility reflects in the seminal fluid proteome of modern domestic chicken
    Open this publication in new window or tab >>Selection for higher fertility reflects in the seminal fluid proteome of modern domestic chicken
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    2017 (English)In: Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology - Part D: Genomics and Proteomics, ISSN 1744-117X, E-ISSN 1878-0407, Vol. 21, p. 27-40Article in journal (Refereed) Published
    Abstract [en]

    The high egg-laying capacity of the modern domestic chicken (i.e. White Leghorn, WL) has arisen from the low egg-laying ancestor Red Junglefowl (RJF) via continuous trait selection and breeding. To investigate whether this long-term selection impacted the seminal fluid (SF)-proteome, 2DE electrophoresis-based proteomic analyses and immunoassays were conducted to map SF-proteins/cytokines in RJF, WL and a 9th generation Advanced Intercross Line (AIL) of RJF/WL-L13, including individual SF (n = 4, from each RJF, WL and AIL groups) and pools of the SF from 15 males of each group, analyzed by 2DE to determine their degree of intra-group (AIL, WL, and RJF) variability using Principal Component Analysis (PCA); respectively an inter-breed comparative analysis of intergroup fold change of specific SF protein spots intensity between breeds. The PCA clearly highlighted a clear intra-group similarity among individual roosters as well as a clear inter-group variability (e.g. between RJF, WL and AIL) validating the use of pools to minimize confounding individual variation. Protein expression varied considerably for processes related to sperm motility, nutrition, transport and survival in the female, including signaling towards immunomodulation. The major conserved SF-proteins were serum albumin and ovotransferrin. Aspartate aminotransferase, annexin A5, arginosuccinate synthase, glutathione S-transferase 2 and l-lactate dehydrogenase-A were RJF-specific. Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase appeared specific to the WL-SF while angiotensin-converting enzyme, γ-enolase, coagulation factor IX, fibrinogen α-chain, hemoglobin subunit α-D, lysozyme C, phosphoglycerate kinase, Src-substrate protein p85, tubulins and thioredoxin were AIL-specific. The RJF-SF contained fewer immune system process proteins and lower amounts of the anti-inflammatory/immunomodulatory TGF-β2 compared to WL and AIL, which had low levels- or lacked pro-inflammatory CXCL10 compared to RJF. The seminal fluid proteome differs between ancestor and modern chicken, with a clear enrichment of proteins and peptides related to immune-modulation for sperm survival in the female and fertility.

    Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
    Elsevier, 2017
    Keywords
    Rooster seminal fluid proteome, Cytokines, Egg-laying capacity, Red Junglefowl, White Leghorn, Advanced intercross line, Chicken
    National Category
    Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Medical Biotechnology (with a focus on Cell Biology (including Stem Cell Biology), Molecular Biology, Microbiology, Biochemistry or Biopharmacy) Genetics and Breeding
    Identifiers
    urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-132624 (URN)10.1016/j.cbd.2016.10.006 (DOI)000395224100004 ()27852008 (PubMedID)
    Note

    Funding agencies: Research Council FORMAS, Stockholm, Sweden [221-2011-512]; Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovacion (Madrid, Spain) [BFU2013-42833-P]

    Available from: 2016-11-17 Created: 2016-11-17 Last updated: 2018-05-02Bibliographically approved
    3. Mating induces the expression of immune- and pH-regulatory genes in the utero-vaginal junction containing mucosal sperm-storage tubuli of hens
    Open this publication in new window or tab >>Mating induces the expression of immune- and pH-regulatory genes in the utero-vaginal junction containing mucosal sperm-storage tubuli of hens
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    2015 (English)In: Reproduction, Vol. 150, no 6, p. 473-483Article in journal (Refereed) Published
    Abstract [en]

    The female chicken, as with other species with internal fertilization, can tolerate the presence of spermatozoa within specialized sperm-storage tubuli (SST) located in the mucosa of the utero-vaginal junction (UVJ) for days or weeks, without eliciting an immune response. To determine if the oviduct alters its gene expression in response to sperm entry, segments from the oviduct (UVJ, uterus, isthmus, magnum and infundibulum) of mated and unmated (control) hens, derived from an advanced inter-cross line between Red Junglefowl and White Leghorn, were explored 24 h after mating using cDNA microarray analysis. Mating shifted the expression of fifteen genes in the UVJ (53.33% immune-modulatory and 20.00% pH-regulatory) and seven genes in the uterus, none of the genes in the latter segment overlapping the former (with the differentially expressed genes themselves being less related to immune-modulatory function). The other oviductal segments did not show any significant changes. These findings suggest sperm deposition causes a shift in expression in the UVJ (containing mucosal SST) and the uterus for genes involved in immune-modulatory and pH-regulatory functions, both relevant for sperm survival in the hen's oviduct.

    Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
    Bioscientifica, 2015
    National Category
    Genetics
    Identifiers
    urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-122573 (URN)10.1530/REP-15-0253 (DOI)000365344400004 ()26370241 (PubMedID)
    Note

    Funding agencies: Research Council FORMAS, Stockholm [221-2011-512]; FORMAS [221-2012-667]; VR [621-2011-4802]

    Available from: 2015-11-09 Created: 2015-11-09 Last updated: 2017-02-20
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    Seminal Influence of the Oviduct: Mating and/or semen components induce gene expression changes in the pre-ovulatory functional sperm reservoir in poultry and pigs
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  • 7.
    Atikuzzaman, Mohammad
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of Clinical Sciences. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences.
    Bhai Mehta, Ratnesh
    Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of Neuro and Inflammation Science.
    Fogelholm, Jesper
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Biology. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Wright, Dominic
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Biology. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Rodriguez-Martinez, Heriberto
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of Clinical Sciences. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences.
    Mating induces the expression of immune- and pH-regulatory genes in the utero-vaginal junction containing mucosal sperm-storage tubuli of hens2015In: Reproduction, Vol. 150, no 6, p. 473-483Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The female chicken, as with other species with internal fertilization, can tolerate the presence of spermatozoa within specialized sperm-storage tubuli (SST) located in the mucosa of the utero-vaginal junction (UVJ) for days or weeks, without eliciting an immune response. To determine if the oviduct alters its gene expression in response to sperm entry, segments from the oviduct (UVJ, uterus, isthmus, magnum and infundibulum) of mated and unmated (control) hens, derived from an advanced inter-cross line between Red Junglefowl and White Leghorn, were explored 24 h after mating using cDNA microarray analysis. Mating shifted the expression of fifteen genes in the UVJ (53.33% immune-modulatory and 20.00% pH-regulatory) and seven genes in the uterus, none of the genes in the latter segment overlapping the former (with the differentially expressed genes themselves being less related to immune-modulatory function). The other oviductal segments did not show any significant changes. These findings suggest sperm deposition causes a shift in expression in the UVJ (containing mucosal SST) and the uterus for genes involved in immune-modulatory and pH-regulatory functions, both relevant for sperm survival in the hen's oviduct.

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  • 8. Order onlineBuy this publication >>
    Bahrampour, Shahrzad
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of Microbiology and Molecular Medicine. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences.
    Genetic mechanisms regulating proliferation and cell specification in the Drosophila embryonic CNS2017Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    The central nervous system (CNS) consists of an enormous number of cells, and large cellular variance, integrated into an elaborate network. The CNS is the most complex animal organ, and therefore its establishment must be controlled by many different genetic programs. Considering the high level of complexity in the human CNS, addressing issues related to human neurodevelopment represents a major challenge. Since comparative studies have revealed that neurodevelopmental programs are well conserved through evolution, on both the genetic and functional levels, studies on invertebrate neurodevelopmental programs are often translatable to vertebrates. Indeed, the basis of our current knowledge about vertebrate CNS development has been greatly aided by studies on invertebrates, and in particular on the Drosophila melanogaster (fruit fly) model system.

    This thesis attempted to identify novel genes regulating neural cell specification and proliferation in the CNS, using the Drosophila model system. Moreover, I aimed to address how those genes govern neural progenitor cells (neuroblasts; NBs) to obtain/maintain their stemness identity and proliferation capacity, and how they drive NBs through temporal windows and series of programmed asymmetric division, which gradually reduces their stemness identity in favor of neural differentiation, resulting in appropriate lineage progression. In the first project, we conducted a forward genetic screen in Drosophila embryos, aimed at isolating genes involved in regulation of neural proliferation and specification, at the single cell resolution. By taking advantage of the restricted expression of the neuropeptide FMRFa in the last-born cell of the NB lineage 5-6T, the Ap4 neuron, we could monitor the entire lineage progression. This screen succeeded in identifying 43 novel genes controlling different aspects of CNS development. One of the genes isolated, Ctr9, displayed extra Ap4/FMRFa neurons. Ctr9 encodes a component of the RNA polymerase II complex Paf1, which is involved in a number of transcriptional processes. The Paf1C, including Ctr9, is highly conserved from yeast to human, and in the past couple of years, its importance for transcription has become increasingly appreciated. However, studies in the Drosophila system have been limited. In the screen, we isolated the first mutant of Drosophila Ctr9 and conducted the first detailed phenotypic study on its function in the Drosophila embryonic CNS. Loss of function of Ctr9 leads to extra NB numbers, higher proliferation ratio and lower expression of neuropeptides. Gene expression analysis identified several other genes regulated by Ctr9, which may explain the Ctr9 mutant phenotypes. In summary, we identified Ctr9 as an essential gene for proper CNS development in Drosophila, and this provides a platform for future study on the Drosophila Paf1C. Another interesting gene isolated in the screen was worniou (wor), a member of the Snail family of transcription factors. In contrast to Ctr9, whichdisplayed additional Ap4/FMRFa neurons, wor mutants displayed a loss of these neurons. Previous studies in our group have identified many genes acting to stop NB lineage progression, but how NBs are pushed to proliferate and generate their lineages was not well known. Since wor may constitute a “driver” of proliferation, we decided to study it further. Also, we identified five other transcription factors acting together with Wor as pro-proliferative in both NBs and their daughter cells. These “drivers” are gradually replaced by the previously identified late-acting “stoppers.” Early and late factors regulate each other and the cell cycle, and thereby orchestrate proper neural lineage progression.

    List of papers
    1. Novel Genes Involved in Controlling Specification of Drosophila FMRFamide Neuropeptide Cells
    Open this publication in new window or tab >>Novel Genes Involved in Controlling Specification of Drosophila FMRFamide Neuropeptide Cells
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    2015 (English)In: Genetics, ISSN 0016-6731, E-ISSN 1943-2631, Vol. 200, no 4, p. 1229-1244Article in journal (Refereed) Published
    Abstract [en]

    The expression of neuropeptides is often extremely restricted in the nervous system, making them powerful markers for addressing cell specification . In the developing Drosophila ventral nerve cord, only six cells, the Ap4 neurons, of some 10,000 neurons, express the neuropeptide FMRFamide (FMRFa). Each Ap4/FMRFa neuron is the last-born cell generated by an identifiable and well-studied progenitor cell, neuroblast 5-6 (NB5-6T). The restricted expression of FMRFa and the wealth of information regarding its gene regulation and Ap4 neuron specification makes FMRFa a valuable readout for addressing many aspects of neural development, i.e., spatial and temporal patterning cues, cell cycle control, cell specification, axon transport, and retrograde signaling. To this end, we have conducted a forward genetic screen utilizing an Ap4-specific FMRFa-eGFP transgenic reporter as our readout. A total of 9781 EMS-mutated chromosomes were screened for perturbations in FMRFa-eGFP expression, and 611 mutants were identified. Seventy-nine of the strongest mutants were mapped down to the affected gene by deficiency mapping or whole-genome sequencing. We isolated novel alleles for previously known FMRFa regulators, confirming the validity of the screen. In addition, we identified novel essential genes, including several with previously undefined functions in neural development. Our identification of genes affecting most major steps required for successful terminal differentiation of Ap4 neurons provides a comprehensive view of the genetic flow controlling the generation of highly unique neuronal cell types in the developing nervous system.

    Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
    Genetics Society of America, 2015
    Keywords
    Drosophila; CNS development; neural cell fate specification; forward genetic screening; FMRFamide
    National Category
    Clinical Medicine
    Identifiers
    urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-121318 (URN)10.1534/genetics.115.178483 (DOI)000359917000020 ()26092715 (PubMedID)
    Available from: 2015-09-16 Created: 2015-09-14 Last updated: 2019-03-13Bibliographically approved
    2. Ctr9, a Key Component of the Paf1 Complex, Affects Proliferation and Terminal Differentiation in the Developing Drosophila Nervous System
    Open this publication in new window or tab >>Ctr9, a Key Component of the Paf1 Complex, Affects Proliferation and Terminal Differentiation in the Developing Drosophila Nervous System
    2016 (English)In: G3: Genes, Genomes, Genetics, E-ISSN 2160-1836, Vol. 6, no 10, p. 3229-3239Article in journal (Refereed) Published
    Abstract [en]

    The Paf1 protein complex (Paf1C) is increasingly recognized as a highly conserved and broadly utilized regulator of a variety of transcriptional processes. These include the promotion of H3K4 and H3K36 trimethylation, H2BK123 ubiquitination, RNA Pol II transcriptional termination, and also RNA-mediated gene silencing. Paf1C contains five canonical protein components, including Paf1 and Ctr9, which are critical for overall complex integrity, as well as Rtf1, Leo1, and Cdc73/Parafibromin(Hrpt2)/Hyrax. In spite of a growing appreciation for the importance of Paf1C from yeast and mammalian studies, there has only been limited work in Drosophila. Here, we provide the first detailed phenotypic study of Ctr9 function in Drosophila. We found that Ctr9 mutants die at late embryogenesis or early larval life, but can be partly rescued by nervous system reexpression of Ctr9. We observed a number of phenotypes in Ctr9 mutants, including increased neuroblast numbers, increased nervous system proliferation, as well as downregulation of many neuropeptide genes. Analysis of cell cycle and regulatory gene expression revealed upregulation of the E2f1 cell cycle factor, as well as changes in Antennapedia and Grainy head expression. We also found reduction of H3K4me3 modification in the embryonic nervous system. Genome-wide transcriptome analysis points to additional downstream genes that may underlie these Ctr9 phenotypes, revealing gene expression changes in Notch pathway target genes, cell cycle genes, and neuropeptide genes. In addition, we find significant effects on the gene expression of metabolic genes. These findings reveal that Ctr9 is an essential gene that is necessary at multiple stages of nervous system development, and provides a starting point for future studies of the Paf1C in Drosophila.

    Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
    Genetics Society of America, 2016
    Keywords
    neuroblast, lineage tree, cell cycle, epigenetics, terminal differentiation, FlyBook
    National Category
    Genetics
    Identifiers
    urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-132856 (URN)10.1534/g3.116.034231 (DOI)000386581200018 ()27520958 (PubMedID)
    Note

    Funding Agencies|Swedish Research Council [621-2013-5258]; Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation [KAW2011.0165]; Swedish Cancer Foundation [120531]; Swedish Royal Academy of Sciences

    Available from: 2016-12-06 Created: 2016-11-30 Last updated: 2024-01-17
    3. Neural Lineage Progression Controlled by a Temporal Proliferation Program.
    Open this publication in new window or tab >>Neural Lineage Progression Controlled by a Temporal Proliferation Program.
    Show others...
    2017 (English)In: Developmental Cell, ISSN 1534-5807, E-ISSN 1878-1551, Vol. 43, no 3, p. 332-348Article in journal (Refereed) Published
    Abstract [en]

    Great progress has been made in identifying transcriptional programs that establish stem cell identity. In contrast, we have limited insight into how these programs are down-graded in a timely manner to halt proliferation and allow for cellular differentiation. Drosophila embryonic neuroblasts undergo such a temporal progression, initially dividing to bud off daughters that divide once (type I), then switching to generating non-dividing daughters (type 0), and finally exiting the cell cycle. We identify six early transcription factors that drive neuroblast and type I daughter proliferation. Early factors are gradually replaced by three late factors, acting to trigger the type I→0 daughter proliferation switch and eventually to stop neuroblasts. Early and late factors regulate each other and four key cell-cycle genes, providing a logical genetic pathway for these transitions. The identification of this extensive driver-stopper temporal program controlling neuroblast lineage progression may have implications for studies in many other systems.less thanbr /greater than (Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

    Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
    Cell Press, 2017
    National Category
    Developmental Biology
    Identifiers
    urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-143117 (URN)10.1016/j.devcel.2017.10.004 (DOI)000414584300011 ()29112852 (PubMedID)
    Note

    Funding agencies: Swedish Research Council [621-2013-5258]; Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation [KAW2011.0165, KAW2012.0101]; Swedish Cancer Foundation [140780, 150633]

    Available from: 2017-11-20 Created: 2017-11-20 Last updated: 2017-11-20Bibliographically approved
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  • 9.
    Bahrampour, Shahrzad
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of Microbiology and Molecular Medicine. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences.
    Thor, Stefan
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of Microbiology and Molecular Medicine. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences.
    Ctr9, a Key Component of the Paf1 Complex, Affects Proliferation and Terminal Differentiation in the Developing Drosophila Nervous System2016In: G3: Genes, Genomes, Genetics, E-ISSN 2160-1836, Vol. 6, no 10, p. 3229-3239Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The Paf1 protein complex (Paf1C) is increasingly recognized as a highly conserved and broadly utilized regulator of a variety of transcriptional processes. These include the promotion of H3K4 and H3K36 trimethylation, H2BK123 ubiquitination, RNA Pol II transcriptional termination, and also RNA-mediated gene silencing. Paf1C contains five canonical protein components, including Paf1 and Ctr9, which are critical for overall complex integrity, as well as Rtf1, Leo1, and Cdc73/Parafibromin(Hrpt2)/Hyrax. In spite of a growing appreciation for the importance of Paf1C from yeast and mammalian studies, there has only been limited work in Drosophila. Here, we provide the first detailed phenotypic study of Ctr9 function in Drosophila. We found that Ctr9 mutants die at late embryogenesis or early larval life, but can be partly rescued by nervous system reexpression of Ctr9. We observed a number of phenotypes in Ctr9 mutants, including increased neuroblast numbers, increased nervous system proliferation, as well as downregulation of many neuropeptide genes. Analysis of cell cycle and regulatory gene expression revealed upregulation of the E2f1 cell cycle factor, as well as changes in Antennapedia and Grainy head expression. We also found reduction of H3K4me3 modification in the embryonic nervous system. Genome-wide transcriptome analysis points to additional downstream genes that may underlie these Ctr9 phenotypes, revealing gene expression changes in Notch pathway target genes, cell cycle genes, and neuropeptide genes. In addition, we find significant effects on the gene expression of metabolic genes. These findings reveal that Ctr9 is an essential gene that is necessary at multiple stages of nervous system development, and provides a starting point for future studies of the Paf1C in Drosophila.

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  • 10.
    Baker, Maggie
    et al.
    NIAAA, USA.
    Lindell, Stephen G.
    NIAAA, USA.
    Driscoll, Carlos A.
    NIAAA, USA.
    Zhou, Zhifeng
    NIAAA, USA.
    Yuan, Qiaoping
    NIAAA, USA.
    Schwandt, Melanie L.
    NIAAA, USA.
    Miller-Crews, Isaac
    NIAAA, USA.
    Simpson, Elizabeth A.
    Eunice Shriver Kennedy National Institute Child Health and Huma, MD 20837 USA.
    Paukner, Annika
    Eunice Shriver Kennedy National Institute Child Health and Huma, MD 20837 USA.
    Francesco Ferrari, Pier
    University of Claude Bernard Lyon, France.
    Kumar Sindhu, Ravi
    NIAAA, MD 20852 USA.
    Razaqyar, Muslima
    NIAAA, USA.
    Sommer, Wolfgang H.
    Heidelberg University, Germany; Heidelberg University, Germany.
    Lopez, Juan F.
    University of Michigan, MI 48109 USA.
    Thompson, Robert C.
    University of Michigan, MI 48109 USA.
    Goldman, David
    NIAAA, USA.
    Heilig, Markus
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Center for Social and Affective Neuroscience. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Region Östergötland, Local Health Care Services in Central Östergötland, Department of Psychiatry.
    Dee Higley, J.
    Brigham Young University, UT 84602 USA.
    Suomi, Stephen J.
    Eunice Shriver Kennedy National Institute Child Health and Huma, MD 20837 USA.
    Barr, Christina S.
    NIAAA, USA.
    Early rearing history influences oxytocin receptor epigenetic regulation in rhesus macaques2017In: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, ISSN 0027-8424, E-ISSN 1091-6490, Vol. 114, no 44, p. 11769-11774Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Adaptations to stress can occur through epigenetic processes and may be a conduit for informing offspring of environmental challenge. We employed ChIP-sequencing for H3K4me3 to examine effects of early maternal deprivation (peer-rearing, PR) in archived rhesus macaque hippocampal samples (male, n = 13). Focusing on genes with roles in stress response and behavior, we assessed the effects of rearing on H3K4me3 binding by ANOVA. We found decreased H3K4me3 binding at genes critical to behavioral stress response, the most robust being the oxytocin receptor gene OXTR, for which we observed a corresponding decrease in RNA expression. Based on this finding, we performed behavioral analyses to deter mine whether a gain-of-function nonsynonymous OXTR SNP inter acted with early stress to influence relevant behavioral stress reactivity phenotypes (n = 194), revealing that this SNP partially rescued the PR phenotype. PR infants exhibited higher levels of separation anxiety and arousal in response to social separation, but infants carrying the alternative OXTR allele did not exhibit as great a separation response. These data indicate that the oxytocin system is involved in social-separation response and suggest that epigenetic down-modulation of OXTR could contribute to behavior al differences observed in PR animals. Epigenetic changes at OXTR may represent predictive adaptive responses that could impart readiness to respond to environmental challenge or maintain proximity to a caregiver but also contribute to behavioral pathology. Our data also demonstrate that OXTR polymorphism can permit animals to partially overcome the detrimental effects of early maternal deprivation, which could have translational implications for human psychiatric disorders.

  • 11.
    Bakovic, Vid
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Biology. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering. Czech Acad Sci, Czech Republic.
    Höglund, Andrey
    Stockholm Univ, Sweden.
    Martin Cerezo, Maria Luisa
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Biology. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Henriksen, Rie
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Biology. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Wright, Dominic
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Biology. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Genomic and gene expression associations to morphology of a sexual ornament in the chicken2022In: G3: Genes, Genomes, Genetics, E-ISSN 2160-1836, Vol. 12, no 9, article id jkac174Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    How sexual selection affects the genome ultimately relies on the strength and type of selection, and the genetic architecture of the involved traits. While associating genotype with phenotype often utilizes standard trait morphology, trait representations in morphospace using geometric morphometric approaches receive less focus in this regard. Here, we identify genetic associations to a sexual ornament, the comb, in the chicken system (Gallus gallus). Our approach combined genome-wide genotype and gene expression data (>30k genes) with different aspects of comb morphology in an advanced intercross line (F8) generated by crossing a wild-type Red Junglefowl with a domestic breed of chicken (White Leghorn). In total, 10 quantitative trait loci were found associated to various aspects of comb shape and size, while 1,184 expression QTL were found associated to gene expression patterns, among which 98 had overlapping confidence intervals with those of quantitative trait loci. Our results highlight both known genomic regions confirming previous records of a large effect quantitative trait loci associated to comb size, and novel quantitative trait loci associated to comb shape. Genes were considered candidates affecting comb morphology if they were found within both confidence intervals of the underlying quantitative trait loci and eQTL. Overlaps between quantitative trait loci and genome-wide selective sweeps identified in a previous study revealed that only loci associated to comb size may be experiencing on-going selection under domestication.

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  • 12.
    Bakovic, Vid
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Biology. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Martin Cerezo, Maria Luisa
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Biology. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Höglund, Andrey
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Biology. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Fogelholm, Jesper
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Biology. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Henriksen, Rie
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Biology. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Hargeby, Anders
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Biology. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Wright, Dominic
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Biology. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    The genomics of phenotypically differentiated Asellus aquaticus cave, surface stream and lake ecotypes2021In: Molecular Ecology, ISSN 0962-1083, E-ISSN 1365-294X, Vol. 30, no 14, p. 3530-3547Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Organisms well suited for the study of ecotype formation have wide distribution ranges, where they adapt to multiple drastically different habitats repeatedly over space and time. Here we study such ecotypes in a Crustacean model, Asellus aquaticus, a commonly occurring isopod found in freshwater habitats as diverse as streams, caves and lakes. Previous studies focusing on cave vs. surface ecotypes have attributed depigmentation, eye loss and prolonged antennae to several south European cave systems. Likewise, surveys across multiple Swedish lakes have identified the presence of dark-pigmented "reed" and light-pigmented "stonewort" ecotypes, which can be found within the same lake. In this study, we sequenced the first draft genome of A. aquaticus, and subsequently use this to map reads and call variants in surface stream, cave and two lake ecotypes. In addition, the draft genome was combined with a RADseq approach to perform a quantitative trait locus (QTL) mapping study using a laboratory bred F-2 and F-4 cave x surface intercross. We identified genomic regions associated with body pigmentation, antennae length and body size. Furthermore, we compared genome-wide differentiation between natural populations and found several genes potentially associated with these habitats. The assessment of the cave QTL regions in the light-dark comparison of lake populations suggests that the regions associated with cave adaptation are also involved with genomic differentiation in the lake ecotypes. These demonstrate how troglomorphic adaptations can be used as a model for related ecotype formation.

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  • 13.
    Baltazar-Soares, Miguel
    et al.
    Univ Turku, Finland.
    Karell, Patrik
    Nov Univ Appl Sci, Finland; Lund Univ, Sweden.
    Wright, Dominic
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Biology. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Nilsson, Jan-Ake
    Lund Univ, Sweden.
    Brommer, Jon E.
    Univ Turku, Finland.
    Bringing to light nuclear-mitochondrial insertions in the genomes of nocturnal predatory birds2023In: Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, ISSN 1055-7903, E-ISSN 1095-9513, Vol. 181, article id 107722Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Mito-nuclear insertions, or NUMTs, relate to genetic material of mitochondrial origin that have been transferred to the nuclear DNA molecule. The increasing amounts of genomic data currently being produced presents an opportunity to investigate this type of patterns in genome evolution of non-model organisms. Identifying NUMTs across a range of closely related taxa allows one to generalize patterns of insertion and maintenance in auto-somes, which is ultimately relevant to the understanding of genome biology and evolution. Here we collected existing pairwise genome-mitogenome data of the order Strigiformes, a group that includes all the nocturnal bird predators. We identified NUMTs by applying percent similarity thresholds after blasting mitochondrial genomes against nuclear genome assemblies. We identified NUMTs in all genomes with numbers ranging from 4 in Bubo bubo to 24 in Ciccaba nigrolineata. Statistical analyses revealed NUMT size to negatively correlate with NUMTs sequence similarity to with original mtDNA region. Lastly, characterizing these nuclear insertions of mito-chondrial origin in a comparative genomics framework produced variable phylogenetic patterns, suggesting in some cases that insertions might pre-date speciation events within Strigiformes.

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  • 14.
    Banerji, Shantanu
    et al.
    Manitoba Institute of Cell Biology, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada .
    Los, Marek Jan
    Manitoba Institute of Cell Biology, Cancer Care Manitoba; Manitoba Institute of Child Health; Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics; Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, University Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada.
    Important differences between topoisomerase-I and -II targeting agents2006In: Cancer Biology & Therapy, ISSN 1538-4047, E-ISSN 1555-8576, Vol. 5, no 8, p. 965-966Article in journal (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    Commentary to: Activation of ATM and Histone H2AX Phosphorylation Induced by Mitoxantrone But Not by Topotecan is Prevented by the Antioxidant N-acetyl-L-Cysteine Xuan Huang, Akira Kurose, Toshiki Tanaka, Frank Traganos, Wei Dai and Zbigniew Darzynkiewicz

     

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  • 15.
    Barranco, Isabel
    et al.
    Univ Murcia, Spain.
    Padilla, Lorena
    Univ Murcia, Spain.
    Parrilla, Inmaculada
    Univ Murcia, Spain.
    Alvarez-Barrientos, Alberto
    Univ Extremadura, Spain.
    Perez-Patino, Cristina
    Univ Murcia, Spain.
    Pena, Fernando J.
    Univ Extremadura, Spain.
    Martinez, Emilio A.
    Univ Murcia, Spain.
    Rodriguez-Martinez, Heriberto
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of Children's and Women's health. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences.
    Roca, Jordi
    Univ Murcia, Spain.
    Extracellular vesicles isolated from porcine seminal plasma exhibit different tetraspanin expression profiles2019In: Scientific Reports, E-ISSN 2045-2322, Vol. 9, article id 11584Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Seminal extracellular vesicles (EVs) include exosomes (phi 40-120 nm) and microvesicles (MVs, phi 120-1000 nm), which would be involved in multiple functional reproductive roles. The study aimed to establish which EV subtypes are present in pig semen, using a high-resolution flow cytometer to explore differences in their tetraspanin expression profile. The EVs were isolated from 12 pig ejaculates using serial ultracentrifugation and characterized by dynamic light scattering and electron microscopy for size and morphology as well as for tetraspanin expression using flow cytometry with Carboxyfluorescein succinimidyl ester (CFSE) and antibodies against CD9, CD63 and CD81. Pig semen contained a heterogeneous EV-population regarding size and morphology. Flow cytometric analysis demonstrated that the proportion of EVs expressing CD63 and CD9 was higher in MVs (P amp;lt; 0.001 and P amp;lt; 0.05, respectively) than in exosomes, while the opposite was true for CD81; higher (P amp;lt; 0.001) in exosomes than in MVs. In conclusion, (1) the new generation of flow cytometers are able to accurately identify EVs and to gate them in two size-different populations named exosomes and MVs. (2) Tetraspanins CD9, CD63 and CD81 are present in both seminal EVs, albeit with exosomes and MVs differing in expression profiles, suggesting dissimilar cargo and binding affinity.

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  • 16.
    Bergseth, Erik F.
    et al.
    Oslo Univ Hosp, Norway.
    Tillmar, Andreas
    Linköping University, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Division of Molecular Medicine and Virology. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Natl Board Forens Med, Dept Forens Genet & Forens Toxicol, Linkoping, Sweden.
    Haddeland, Jorgen T.
    Oslo Univ Hosp, Norway.
    Kling, Daniel
    Oslo Univ Hosp, Norway; Natl Board Forens Med, Dept Forens Genet & Forens Toxicol, Linkoping, Sweden.
    Extended population genetic analysis of 12 X-STRs - Exemplified using a Norwegian population sample2022In: Forensic Science International: Genetics, ISSN 1872-4973, E-ISSN 1878-0326, Vol. 60, article id 102745Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The use of X-chromosomal markers to resolve questions of relatedness has experienced a significant increase during the last years in forensic genetics. Perhaps primarily due to the emergence of commercial kits, but equally important due to an increased awareness of the utility of those markers. The X-chromosomal inheritance pattern entails that some cases, for instance paternal half-sisters, can potentially be resolved using a few X-chromosomal markers alone. For the statistical assessment in kinship cases it is of importance to have relevant population frequency data. In the present study 631 unrelated males from a Norwegian population sample are analyzed. The resulting haplotypes are compared to previously studied population samples and a deeper analysis of the linkage disequilibrium (LD) structure is conducted. We demonstrate that the power to detect LD will be low when few males, say below 300, are analyzed. We use entropy to describe the degree of LD between multiallelic loci and describe how this measure varies between different studied populations. Large population frequency databases have been recommended when using X-chromosomal markers, and we show that by combining reference da-tabases from genetically similar populations, more precise haplotype frequency estimates can be obtained for rare haplotypes which improves the statistical assessment of the weight of evidence. In addition, we promote the use of simulations to assess the utility of STR markers in contrast to standard forensic parameters. Specifically we perform extensive simulations on cases where X-chromosomal markers are important and illustrate how the results can be used to infer the information gained from these markers.

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  • 17.
    Berntsson, Shala Ghaderi
    et al.
    Uppsala Univ, Sweden.
    Matsson, Hans
    Uppsala Univ, Sweden; Uppsala Univ Hosp, Sweden.
    Kristoffersson, Anna
    Uppsala Univ, Sweden.
    Niemela, Valter
    Uppsala Univ, Sweden.
    van Duyvenvoorde, Hermine A.
    Leiden Univ, Netherlands.
    Richel-van Assenbergh, Cindy
    Leiden Univ, Netherlands.
    van der Klift, Heleen M.
    Leiden Univ, Netherlands.
    Casar-Borota, Olivera
    Uppsala Univ, Sweden; Uppsala Univ Hosp, Sweden.
    Frykholm, Carina
    Uppsala Univ, Sweden; Uppsala Univ Hosp, Sweden.
    Landtblom, Anne-Marie
    Linköping University, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Division of Neurobiology. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Uppsala Univ, Sweden.
    Case report: a novel deep intronic splice-altering variant in DMD as a cause of Becker muscular dystrophy2023In: Frontiers in Genetics, E-ISSN 1664-8021, Vol. 14, article id 1226766Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    We present the case of a male patient who was ultimately diagnosed with Becker muscular dystrophy (BMD; MIM# 300376) after the onset of muscle weakness in his teens progressively led to significant walking difficulties in his twenties. A genetic diagnosis was pursued but initial investigation revealed no aberrations in the dystrophin gene (DMD), although immunohistochemistry and Western blot analysis suggested the diagnosis of dystrophinopathy. Eventually, after more than 10 years, an RNA analysis captured abnormal splicing where 154 nucleotides from intron 43 were inserted between exon 43 and 44 resulting in a frameshift and a premature stop codon. Normal splicing of the DMD gene was also observed. Additionally, a novel variant c.6291-13537A>G in DMD was confirmed in the genomic DNA of the patient. The predicted function of the variant aligns with the mRNA results. To conclude, we here demonstrate that mRNA analysis can guide the diagnosis of non-coding genetic variants in DMD.

  • 18.
    Berryman, Meghan A.
    et al.
    Triplett Laboratory, Institute of Food and Agriculture, Department of Microbiology and Cell Science, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
    Milletich, Patricia L.
    Triplett Laboratory, Institute of Food and Agriculture, Department of Microbiology and Cell Science, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
    Petrone, Joseph R.
    Triplett Laboratory, Institute of Food and Agriculture, Department of Microbiology and Cell Science, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
    Roesch, Luiz FW.
    Roesch Laboratory, Institute of Food and Agriculture, Department of Microbiology and Cell Science, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
    Ilonen, Jorma
    Immunogenetics Laboratory, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.
    Triplett, Eric W.
    Triplett Laboratory, Institute of Food and Agriculture, Department of Microbiology and Cell Science, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
    Ludvigsson, Johnny
    Linköping University, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Division of Children's and Women's Health. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Region Östergötland, Center of Paediatrics and Gynaecology and Obstetrics, H.K.H. Kronprinsessan Victorias barn- och ungdomssjukhus.
    Autoimmune-associated genetics impact probiotic colonization of the infant gut2022In: Journal of Autoimmunity, ISSN 0896-8411, E-ISSN 1095-9157, Vol. 133, article id 102943Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    To exemplify autoimmune-associated genetic influence on the colonization of bacteria frequently used in probiotics, microbial composition of stool from 1326 one-year-old infants was analyzed in a prospective general-population cohort, All Babies In Southeast Sweden (ABIS). We show that an individual's HLA haplotype composition has a significant impact on which common Bifidobacterium strains thrive in colonizing the gut. The effect HLA has on the gut microbiome can be more clearly observed when considered in terms of allelic dosage. HLA DR1-DQ5 showed the most significant and most prominent effect on increased Bifidobacterium relative abundance. Therefore, HLA DR1-DQ5 is proposed to act as a protective haplotype in many individuals. Protection-associated HLA haplotypes are more likely to influence the promotion of specific bifidobacteria. In addition, strain-level differences are correlated with colonization proficiency in the gut depending on HLA haplotype makeup. These results demonstrate that HLA genetics should be considered when designing effective probiotics, particularly for those at high genetic risk for autoimmune diseases.

  • 19.
    Bohman, Lova
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology.
    Pathological Mechanisms of Sarcomere Mutations in the Disease Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy: A Review2021Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10,5 credits / 16 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is a heart disease that is characterized by an enlarged heart muscle. Mutations to sarcomere proteins in the muscle fibers give rise to the disease, and this review aims to compile the mechanisms by which the mutations cause the disease phenotype. β-myosin heavy chain mutants affect the thick filament structure and contraction velocity of the muscle. Mutations to the myosin-binding protein C produces truncated proteins with decreased expression in the cells. Troponin T mutants cause myofibrillar disarray, alters affinity to α-tropomyosin, and are linked to a higher risk of sudden death. Troponin I is an unpredictable mutant that needs to be further researched but is thought to cause regulatory problems. Mutations to α-tropomyosin and the regulatory myosin light chain both affect the Ca2+-affinity of the proteins and leads to contractile problems. Hypercontractility as a result of the mutations seems to be the primary cause of the disease. Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is linked to sudden death, and factors such as a family history of sudden death, multiple simultaneous mutations, unexplained syncope, non-sustained ventricular tachycardia, abnormal blood pressure response and extreme hypertrophy (>30 mm) heightens the risk of a sudden death. An increased knowledge about the disease will aid in the mission to better the treatments for the affected, but further investigation of pathological pathways needs to be performed.

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  • 20. Order onlineBuy this publication >>
    Bélteky, Johan
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Biology. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Chicken domestication: Effects of tameness on brain gene expression and DNA methylation2016Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    Domestication greatly increases phenotypic variation in a short time span, with selection for a single phenotype and a plethora of associated phenotypic changes as an outcome of the process. The domestication process influences the underlying genomic architecture of a species, and the success and speed of the process is likely influenced by it. The main aims of my thesis was to study how domestication affects the brain of chickens: specifically changes in morphology, gene expression, and DNA methylation. Differences in gene expression and DNA methylation between White Leghorn and Red Junglefowl chickens were mapped, and inheritance of these patterns were quantified, indicating a faithful transmission of breed-specific epigenetic markers. Selection on the behavioral trait fearfulness, generated high and low fearful lines of Red Junglefowl. Both the parental population and the fifth selected generation were used for the analyses in this thesis. One experiment studied morphological changes in the brain and other vital organs, and found that relative total brain size increased in high fearful birds, as a consequence of an increase in cerebral hemisphere size in high fearful birds and not in low fearful birds. Also, the relative heart, liver, spleen and testis size increased in high fearful birds, indicating correlated morphological changes with selection for fearfulness. Two additional experiments examined differential gene expression in the hypothalamus and the anterior cerebral hemisphere. The hypothalamus differed in expression of genes with reproductive and immunological functions, whilst the cerebral hemisphere differed in expression of genes related to social behaviors and neurological functions especially those upregulated in low fearful birds.  These results indicate the occurrence of tissue- and species-specific changes in gene expression as overlap with other domestication events were nearly nonexistent. A fourth experiment sought to associate the change in fear levels and gene expression differences with DNA methylation. Chromosomal regions with differential DNA methylation between high and low fearful birds were identified, and genes in these regions had annotated functions relevant to phenotypic differences between the selection lines. This thesis is the first to study the genetic alterations of domestication using the wild ancestor of an already domesticated species to repeat the domestication process selecting against fear of humans. The findings corroborate results from previous comparisons of wild and domestic animals, and further support the theory that rigorous selection for a behavioral trait can cause a cascade of genetic and epigenetic changes facilitating the domestication of a population.

    List of papers
    1. Heritable genome-wide variation of gene expression and promoter methylation between wild and domesticated chickens
    Open this publication in new window or tab >>Heritable genome-wide variation of gene expression and promoter methylation between wild and domesticated chickens
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    2012 (English)In: BMC Genomics, E-ISSN 1471-2164, Vol. 13, no 59Article in journal (Refereed) Published
    Abstract [en]

    Variations in gene expression, mediated by epigenetic mechanisms, may cause broad phenotypic effects in animals. However, it has been debated to what extent expression variation and epigenetic modifications, such as patterns of DNA methylation, are transferred across generations, and therefore it is uncertain what role epigenetic variation may play in adaptation. Here, we show that in Red Junglefowl, ancestor of domestic chickens, gene expression and methylation profiles in thalamus/hypothalamus differ substantially from that of a domesticated egg laying breed. Expression as well as methylation differences are largely maintained in the offspring, demonstrating reliable inheritance of epigenetic variation. Some of the inherited methylation differences are tissue-specific, and the differential methylation at specific loci are little changed after eight generations of intercrossing between Red Junglefowl and domesticated laying hens. There was an over-representation of differentially expressed and methylated genes in selective sweep regions associated with chicken domestication. Hence, our results show that epigenetic variation is inherited in chickens, and we suggest that selection of favourable epigenomes, either by selection of genotypes affecting epigenetic states, or by selection of methylation states which are inherited independently of sequence differences, may have been an important aspect of chicken domestication.

    Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
    BioMed Central, 2012
    Keywords
    Domestication, gene expression, tiling array, behaviour, methylation
    National Category
    Biological Sciences
    Identifiers
    urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-70159 (URN)10.1186/1471-2164-13-59 (DOI)000301440800001 ()
    Note

    funding agencies|Swedish Research Council| 2008-14496-59340-36 |Swedish Research Council for Environment, Agricultural Sciences and Spatial Planning| 221 2007 838 |

    Available from: 2011-08-22 Created: 2011-08-22 Last updated: 2024-01-17Bibliographically approved
    2. Domestication and tameness: brain geneexpression in red junglefowl selected for less fear of humans suggests effects on reproduction and immunology
    Open this publication in new window or tab >>Domestication and tameness: brain geneexpression in red junglefowl selected for less fear of humans suggests effects on reproduction and immunology
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    2016 (English)In: Royal Society Open Science, E-ISSN 2054-5703, no 3, article id 160033Article in journal (Refereed) Published
    Abstract [en]

    The domestication of animals has generated a set of phenotypicmodifications, affecting behaviour, appearance, physiologyand reproduction, which are consistent across a range ofspecies. We hypothesized that some of these phenotypes couldhave evolved because of genetic correlation to tameness,an essential trait for successful domestication. Starting froman outbred population of red junglefowl, ancestor of alldomestic chickens, we selected birds for either high or lowfear of humans for five generations. Birds from the fifthselected generation (S5) showed a divergent pattern of growthand reproduction, where low fear chickens grew larger andproduced larger offspring. To examine underlying geneticmechanisms, we used microarrays to study gene expressionin thalamus/hypothalamus, a brain region involved in fearand stress, in both the parental generation and the S5. Whileparents of the selection lines did not show any differentiallyexpressed genes, there were a total of 33 genes with adjustedp-values below 0.1 in S5. These were mainly related to spermfunction,immunological functions, with only a few known tobe relevant to behaviour. Hence, five generations of divergentselection for fear of humans produced changes in hypothalamicgene expression profiles related to pathways associated withmale reproduction and to immunology. This may be linked to the effects seen on growth and size of offspring. These results support the hypothesis thatdomesticated phenotypes may evolve because of correlated effects related to reduced fear of humans.

    Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
    Royal Society Publishing, 2016
    Keywords
    artificial selection, gene expression, microarray, chicken, fearfulness
    National Category
    Ecology
    Identifiers
    urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-130501 (URN)10.1098/rsos.160033 (DOI)000384411000002 ()
    Note

    Funding agencies:  Research council Formas; Vetenskapsradet; ERC [322206]

    Available from: 2016-08-11 Created: 2016-08-11 Last updated: 2023-12-28
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  • 21.
    Bélteky, Johan
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Biology. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Agnvall, Beatrix
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Biology. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Bektic, Lejla
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Biology. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Höglund, Andrey
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Biology. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Jensen, Per
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Biology. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Guerrero Bosagna, Carlos
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Biology. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Epigenetics and early domestication: differences in hypothalamic DNA methylation between red junglefowl divergently selected for high or low fear of humans2018In: Genetics Selection Evolution, ISSN 0999-193X, E-ISSN 1297-9686, Vol. 50, article id 13Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Background: Domestication of animals leads to large phenotypic alterations within a short evolutionary time-period. Such alterations are caused by genomic variations, yet the prevalence of modified traits is higher than expected if they were caused only by classical genetics and mutations. Epigenetic mechanisms may also be important in driving domesticated phenotypes such as behavior traits. Gene expression can be modulated epigenetically by mechanisms such as DNA methylation, resulting in modifications that are not only variable and susceptible to environmental stimuli, but also sometimes transgenerationally stable. To study such mechanisms in early domestication, we used as model two selected lines of red junglefowl (ancestors of modern chickens) that were bred for either high or low fear of humans over five generations, and investigated differences in hypothalamic DNA methylation between the two populations. Results: Twenty-two 1-kb windows were differentially methylated between the two selected lines at p amp;lt; 0.05 after false discovery rate correction. The annotated functions of the genes within these windows indicated epigenetic regulation of metabolic and signaling pathways, which agrees with the changes in gene expression that were previously reported for the same tissue and animals. Conclusions: Our results show that selection for an important domestication-related behavioral trait such as tameness can cause divergent epigenetic patterns within only five generations, and that these changes could have an important role in chicken domestication.

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  • 22.
    Cardemil, Carina
    Department of Biomaterials, Institute of Clinical Sciences, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden.
    Effects of antiresorptive agents on inflammation and bone regeneration in different osseous sites - experimental and clinical studies2014Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    The biological mechanisms involved in bone regeneration in osteoporotic bone and the effect of antiresorptive drugs in relation to surgically inserted biomaterials are not fully understood. Improved osseointegration of titanium implants but also adverse effects of antiresorptive therapies, such as osteonecrotic jaw have been described in the literature. The aims of this research project were, firstly, to investigate and to understand the biological events determining bone regeneration and implant integration, after administration of antiresorptive agents; secondly, to determine the cellular and molecular patterns of bone regeneration at implants and synthetic bone substitutes under osteoporotic conditions and, thirdly, to determine how different skeletal sites are affected. The present research included a study of jawbone morphology and gene expression in patients treated with systemic bisphosphonates. When compared to controls, higher gene expression levels of IL-1β was observed in bisphosphonate treated patients with osteonecrosis while bisphosphonate treated patients without necrosis showed lower expression levels of caspase 8, an apoptosis marker involved in the immune response. In ovariectomised rats, zoledronic acid resulted in site-specific differences in the rate of osseointegration and also of gene expression involved in bone healing and regeneration. Strontium-doped calcium phosphate inserted in the rat femur induced lower expression of osteoclastic markers compared to hydroxyapatite and higher bone formation in the periphery of the defects. Whereas major structural changes were demonstrated in the long bones of the ovariectomised rat, less structural alterations were shown in the mandible. However, ovariectomy resulted in lower expression of genes coding for bone formation and angiogenesis in the mandible. In conclusion, the present study shows that the mandible is differently affected by experimentally induced estrogen deficiency than the long bones. Bisphosphonates, administered systemically to estrogen deficient animals, impair osseointegration in the mandible, at least partly related to a downregulation of genes important for the osteogenic process. These observations may have implications for understanding the mechanisms involved in the deranged bone healing observed in the jawbone of bisphosphonate treated patients.

    List of papers
    1. The effects of a systemic single dose of zoledronic acid on post-implantation bone remodelling and inflammation in an ovariectomised rat model.
    Open this publication in new window or tab >>The effects of a systemic single dose of zoledronic acid on post-implantation bone remodelling and inflammation in an ovariectomised rat model.
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    2013 (English)In: Biomaterials, ISSN 0142-9612, E-ISSN 1878-5905, Vol. 34, no 5, p. 1546-1561Article in journal (Refereed) Published
    Abstract [en]

    Bisphosphonates reverse the negative effects of ovariectomy on bone, but they have also been associated with adverse processes in human jawbone. The molecular events determining bone regeneration and implant integration in osteoporotic conditions, with and without bisphosphonate treatment, are unclear. In this study, ovariectomised rats, to which a single dose of saline (NaCl) or zoledronic acid (Zol) was administered, received titanium alloy implants in their tibiae and mandibles. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, gene expression analysis and histomorphometry were performed. The results show that ovariectomy, per se, upregulated the expression of genes denoting bone formation in the tibia, bone remodelling in the mandible and apoptosis in the tibia and mandible. Zoledronic acid administration resulted in lower levels of a remodelling marker in serum and downregulated gene expression for inflammation, bone formation, angiogenesis and apoptosis, mainly in the mandible, after 28 d of healing. Histomorphometry revealed improved bone-to-implant contact in the tibia, while the opposite was observed in the mandible. The present data show that a systemic single dose of zoledronic acid, in ovariectomised animals, results in site-specific differences in the regulation of genes involved in bone healing and regeneration in association with implant installation. These events occur in parallel with site-specific differences in the rate of osseointegration, indicating diverse tissue responses in the tibia and mandible after zoledronic acid treatment. The zoledronic acid effect on gene expression, during the late phase of healing in the mandible, suggests negative effects by the anti-resorptive agent on osseointegration at that particular site.

    National Category
    Basic Medicine
    Identifiers
    urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-135755 (URN)10.1016/j.biomaterials.2012.11.003 (DOI)23182921 (PubMedID)
    Available from: 2017-03-21 Created: 2017-03-21 Last updated: 2018-01-13
    2. Strontium-doped calcium phosphate and hydroxyapatite granules promote different inflammatory and bone remodelling responses in normal and ovariectomised rats
    Open this publication in new window or tab >>Strontium-doped calcium phosphate and hydroxyapatite granules promote different inflammatory and bone remodelling responses in normal and ovariectomised rats
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    2013 (English)In: PLOS ONE, E-ISSN 1932-6203, Vol. 8, no 12, article id e84932Article in journal (Refereed) Published
    Abstract [en]

    The healing of bone defects may be hindered by systemic conditions such as osteoporosis. Calcium phosphates, with or without ion substitutions, may provide advantages for bone augmentation. However, the mechanism of bone formation with these materials is unclear. The aim of this study was to evaluate the healing process in bone defects implanted with hydroxyapatite (HA) or strontium-doped calcium phosphate (SCP) granules, in non-ovariectomised (non-OVX) and ovariectomised (OVX) rats. After 0 (baseline), six and 28d, bone samples were harvested for gene expression analysis, histology and histomorphometry. Tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), at six days, was higher in the HA, in non-OVX and OVX, whereas interleukin-6 (IL-6), at six and 28d, was higher in SCP, but only in non-OVX. Both materials produced a similar expression of the receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand (RANKL). Higher expression of osteoclastic markers, calcitonin receptor (CR) and cathepsin K (CatK), were detected in the HA group, irrespective of non-OVX or OVX. The overall bone formation was comparable between HA and SCP, but with topological differences. The bone area was higher in the defect centre of the HA group, mainly in the OVX, and in the defect periphery of the SCP group, in both non-OVX and OVX. It is concluded that HA and SCP granules result in comparable bone formation in trabecular bone defects. As judged by gene expression and histological analyses, the two materials induced different inflammatory and bone remodelling responses. The modulatory effects are associated with differences in the spatial distribution of the newly formed bone.

    National Category
    Biomaterials Science Medical Materials Medical Biotechnology Cell and Molecular Biology
    Identifiers
    urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-136113 (URN)10.1371/journal.pone.0084932 (DOI)24376855 (PubMedID)
    Available from: 2017-03-28 Created: 2017-03-28 Last updated: 2021-06-14Bibliographically approved
  • 23.
    Cardoso-Moreira, Margarida
    et al.
    Heidelberg Univ ZMBH, Germany; Univ Lausanne, Switzerland.
    Halbert, Jean
    Univ Lausanne, Switzerland.
    Valloton, Delphine
    Univ Lausanne, Switzerland.
    Velten, Britta
    European Mol Biol Lab, Germany.
    Chen, Chunyan
    Chinese Acad Sci, Peoples R China; Chinese Acad Sci, Peoples R China; Univ Chinese Acad Sci, Peoples R China.
    Shao, Yi
    Chinese Acad Sci, Peoples R China; Chinese Acad Sci, Peoples R China; Univ Chinese Acad Sci, Peoples R China.
    Liechti, Angelica
    Univ Lausanne, Switzerland.
    Ascencao, Kelly
    Univ Lausanne, Switzerland.
    Rummel, Coralie
    Univ Lausanne, Switzerland.
    Ovchinnikova, Svetlana
    Heidelberg Univ ZMBH, Germany.
    Mazin, Pavel V.
    Skolkovo Inst Sci and Technol, Russia; RAS, Russia; HSE Univ, Russia.
    Xenarios, Ioannis
    Univ Lausanne, Switzerland.
    Harshman, Keith
    Univ Lausanne, Switzerland.
    Mort, Matthew
    Cardiff Univ, Wales.
    Cooper, David N.
    Cardiff Univ, Wales.
    Sandi, Carmen
    Ecole Polytech Fed Lausanne, Switzerland.
    Soares, Michael J.
    Univ Kansas, MO USA; Childrens Mercy, MO USA.
    Ferreira, Paula G.
    Univ Porto, Portugal; Univ Porto, Portugal.
    Afonso, Sandra
    Univ Porto, Portugal.
    Carneiro, Miguel
    Univ Porto, Portugal; Univ Porto, Portugal.
    Turner, James M. A.
    Francis Crick Inst, England.
    VandeBerg, John L.
    Univ Texas Rio Grande Valley, TX USA; Univ Texas Rio Grande Valley, TX USA; Univ Texas Rio Grande Valley, TX USA; Univ Texas Rio Grande Valley, TX USA; Univ Texas Rio Grande Valley, TX USA; Univ Texas Rio Grande Valley, TX USA.
    Fallahshahroudi, Amir
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Biology. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Jensen, Per
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Biology. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Behr, Ruediger
    Leibniz Inst Primate Res DPZ, Germany; DZHK German Ctr Cardiovasc Res, Germany.
    Lisgo, Steven
    Newcastle Univ, England.
    Lindsay, Susan
    Newcastle Univ, England.
    Khaitovich, Philipp
    Skolkovo Inst Sci and Technol, Russia; Chinese Acad Sci, Peoples R China; Univ Chinese Acad Sci, Peoples R China.
    Huber, Wolfgang
    European Mol Biol Lab, Germany.
    Baker, Julie
    Stanford Univ, CA 94305 USA.
    Anders, Simon
    Heidelberg Univ ZMBH, Germany.
    Zhang, Yong E.
    Chinese Acad Sci, Peoples R China; Chinese Acad Sci, Peoples R China; Chinese Acad Sci, Peoples R China.
    Kaessmann, Henrik
    Heidelberg Univ ZMBH, Germany.
    Gene expression across mammalian organ development2019In: Nature, ISSN 0028-0836, E-ISSN 1476-4687, Vol. 571, no 7766, p. 505-+Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The evolution of gene expression in mammalian organ development remains largely uncharacterized. Here we report the transcriptomes of seven organs (cerebrum, cerebellum, heart, kidney, liver, ovary and testis) across developmental time points from early organogenesis to adulthood for human, rhesus macaque, mouse, rat, rabbit, opossum and chicken. Comparisons of gene expression patterns identified correspondences of developmental stages across species, and differences in the timing of key events during the development of the gonads. We found that the breadth of gene expression and the extent of purifying selection gradually decrease during development, whereas the amount of positive selection and expression of new genes increase. We identified differences in the temporal trajectories of expression of individual genes across species, with brain tissues showing the smallest percentage of trajectory changes, and the liver and testis showing the largest. Our work provides a resource of developmental transcriptomes of seven organs across seven species, and comparative analyses that characterize the development and evolution of mammalian organs.

  • 24.
    Caren, Helena
    et al.
    University of Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Erichsen, Jennie
    University of Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Olsson, Linda
    University of Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Enerbäck, Charlotta
    University of Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Sjoberg, Rose-Marie
    University of Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Abrahamsson, Jonas
    University of Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Kogner, Per
    Childhood Canc Res Unit, SE-17176 Stockholm, Sweden .
    Martinsson, Tommy
    University of Gothenburg, Sweden.
    High-resolution array copy number analyses for detection of deletion, gain, amplification and copy-neutral LOH in primary neuroblastoma tumors: Four cases of homozygous deletions of the CDKN2A gene2008In: BMC Genomics, E-ISSN 1471-2164, Vol. 9, no 353Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Background: Neuroblastoma is a very heterogeneous pediatric tumor of the sympathetic nervous system showing clinically significant patterns of genetic alterations. Favorable tumors usually have near-triploid karyotypes with few structural rearrangements. Aggressive stage 4 tumors often have near-diploid or near-tetraploid karyotypes and structural rearrangements. Whole genome approaches for analysis of genome-wide copy number have been used to analyze chromosomal abnormalities in tumor samples. We have used array-based copy number analysis using oligonucleotide single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) arrays to analyze the chromosomal structure of a large number of neuroblastoma tumors of different clinical and biological subsets. Results: Ninety-two neuroblastoma tumors were analyzed with 50 K and/or 250 K SNP arrays from Affymetrix, using CNAG3.0 software. Thirty percent of the tumors harbored 1p deletion, 22% deletion of 11q, 26% had MYCN amplification and 45% 17q gain. Most of the tumors with 1p deletion were found among those with MYCN amplification. Loss of 11q was most commonly seen in tumors without MYCN amplification. In the case of MYCN amplification, two types were identified. One type displayed simple continuous amplicons; the other type harbored more complex rearrangements. MYCN was the only common gene in all cases with amplification. Complex amplification on chromosome 12 was detected in two tumors and three different overlapping regions of amplification were identified. Two regions with homozygous deletions, four cases with CDKN2A deletions in 9p and one case with deletion on 3p (the gene RBMS3) were also detected in the tumors. Conclusion: SNP arrays provide useful tools for high-resolution characterization of significant chromosomal rearrangements in neuroblastoma tumors. The mapping arrays from Affymetrix provide both copy number and allele-specific information at a resolution of 10-12 kb. Chromosome 9p, especially the gene CDKN2A, is subject to homozygous (four cases) and heterozygous deletions (five cases) in neuroblastoma tumors.

  • 25.
    Dalenius, Jenny
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Biology.
    Domestication and coat colours: A review2021Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10,5 credits / 16 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    The domestication of animals is a process of great interest to many scientific fields, including genetics. Differences in coat colour between wild and domesticated animals have been of scientific interest for a long time. Coat colours are easily recognizable phenotypes and so have been studied since the dawn of modern genetics. Many phenotypes that are similar across species have the same genetic basis, but there are numerous exceptions. Similar phenotypes within a species can also have different genetic backgrounds. The progressive advances in genetic research methodology have given new insights into both the molecular basis for coat colours and the history of domestication over the last decades. The variation in coat colours seen today is believed to be caused mainly by human selection.

    Similarities in morphological changes between different species during domestication, including colour phenotypes such as white spotting, have long been noted. This is known as the domestication syndrome and two major hypotheses for this have been suggested: the neural crest hypothesis and the thyroid hormone hypothesis. This thesis gives an overview of the current knowledge about the genetic basis of coat colours in mammals, the genetic aspects of domestication of animals, and how the two are related.

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    fulltext
  • 26.
    Doumpas, Nikolaos
    et al.
    Univ Zurich, Switzerland.
    Lampart, Franziska
    Univ Zurich, Switzerland.
    Robinson, Mark D.
    Univ Zurich, Switzerland.
    Lentini, Antonio
    Univ Zurich, Switzerland.
    Nestor, Colm
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of Children's and Women's health. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences.
    Cantù, Claudio
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of Microbiology, Infection and Inflammation. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Univ Zurich, Switzerland.
    Basler, Konrad
    Univ Zurich, Switzerland.
    TCF/LEF dependent and independent transcriptional regulation of Wnt/beta-catenin target genes2019In: EMBO Journal, ISSN 0261-4189, E-ISSN 1460-2075, Vol. 38, no 2, article id e98873Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    During canonical Wnt signalling, the activity of nuclear beta-catenin is largely mediated by the TCF/LEF family of transcription factors. To challenge this view, we used the CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing approach to generate HEK 293T cell clones lacking all four TCF/LEF genes. By performing unbiased whole transcriptome sequencing analysis, we found that a subset of beta-catenin transcriptional targets did not require TCF/LEF factors for their regulation. Consistent with this finding, we observed in a genome-wide analysis that beta-catenin occupied specific genomic regions in the absence of TCF/LEF. Finally, we revealed the existence of a transcriptional activity of beta-catenin that specifically appears when TCF/LEF factors are absent, and refer to this as beta-catenin-GHOST response. Collectively, this study uncovers a previously neglected modus operandi of beta-catenin that bypasses the TCF/LEF transcription factors.

  • 27.
    Dowling, Damian K
    et al.
    Animal Ecology/Department of Ecology and Evolution, Evolutionary Biology Centre, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
    Friberg, Urban
    Department of Ecology and Environmental Science, Umeå University, SE-901 87 Umeå , Sweden.
    Hailer, Frank
    Animal Ecology/Department of Ecology and Evolution, Evolutionary Biology Centre, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
    Arnqvist, Göran
    Animal Ecology/Department of Ecology and Evolution, Evolutionary Biology Centre, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
    Intergenomic epistasis for fitness: within-population interactions between cytoplasmic and nuclear genes in Drosophila melanogaster.2007In: Genetics, ISSN 0016-6731, E-ISSN 1943-2631, Vol. 175, no 1, p. 235-44Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The symbiotic relationship between the mitochondrial and nuclear genomes coordinates metabolic energy production and is fundamental to life among eukaryotes. Consequently, there is potential for strong selection to shape interactions between these two genomes. Substantial research attention has focused on the possibility that within-population sequence polymorphism in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is maintained by mitonuclear fitness interactions. Early theory predicted that selection will often eliminate mitochondrial polymorphisms. However, recent models demonstrate that intergenomic interactions can promote the maintenance of polymorphism, especially if the nuclear genes involved are linked to the X chromosome. Most empirical studies to date that have assessed cytonuclear fitness interactions have studied variation across populations and it is still unclear how general and strong such interactions are within populations. We experimentally tested for cytonuclear interactions within a laboratory population of Drosophila melanogaster using 25 randomly sampled cytoplasmic genomes, expressed in three different haploid nuclear genetic backgrounds, while eliminating confounding effects of intracellular bacteria (e.g., Wolbachia). We found sizable cytonuclear fitness interactions within this population and present limited evidence suggesting that these effects were sex specific. Moreover, the relative fitness of cytonuclear genotypes was environment specific. Sequencing of mtDNA (2752 bp) revealed polymorphism within the population, suggesting that the observed cytoplasmic genetic effects may be mitochondrial in origin.

  • 28.
    Dowling, Damian K.
    et al.
    Centre for Evolutionary Biology, School of Animal Biology (M092), The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia / Animal Ecology/Department of Ecology and Evolution, Evolutionary Biology Centre, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
    Friberg, Urban
    Department of Ecology, Evolution and Marine Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, USA.
    Lindell, Johan
    Department of Evolutionary Biology, Evolutionary Biology Centre, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
    Evolutionary implications of non-neutral mitochondrial genetic variation2008In: Trends in Ecology & Evolution, ISSN 0169-5347, E-ISSN 1872-8383, Vol. 23, no 10, p. 546-554Article, review/survey (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Sequence variation in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) was traditionally considered to be selectively neutral. However, an accumulating body of evidence indicates that this assumption is invalid. Furthermore, recent advances indicate that mtDNA polymorphism can be maintained within populations via selection on the joint mitochondrial-nuclear genotype. Here, we review the latest findings that show mitochondrial and cytoplasmic genetic variation for life-history traits and fitness. We highlight the key importance of the mitochondrial-nuclear interaction as a unit of selection and discuss the consequences of mitochondrially encoded fitness effects on several key evolutionary processes. Our goal is to draw attention to the profound, yet neglected, influence of the mitochondrial genome on the fields of ecology and evolution.

  • 29.
    Elisabeth, Ahlgren
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Biology. Linköping University, The Institute of Technology.
    Marker generation for Fine Mapping a QTL in the chicken2014Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10,5 credits / 16 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    The purpose of this study was to design and test five SNP markers in an inbred chicken cross between Red Junglefowl and domestic White Leghorn of the 8th generation. The markers lie in a region affecting the tonic immobility behaviour which differs significantly between the two species. The markers could be identified by usage of PCR and pyrosequencing. The data obtained were further used in a small scale quantitative trait locus (QTL) analysis. QTL analysis is a statistical method to link phenotypic traits to genotypic data. Four out of five markers could be genotypes and thereby, made it possible to proceed with the QTL analysis. The results showed that there is no QTL associated with the markers identified. The two flanking markers were closest to a significant difference between genotypes and it is therefore a possibility that a QTL lies close further down or up the searched region. From the line map it is indicated that there is little recombination in the marker region.

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    Marker generation for Fine Mapping a QTL in the chicken
  • 30. Order onlineBuy this publication >>
    Fallahshahroudi, Amir
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Biology. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Domestication Effects on the Stress Response in Chickens: Genetics, Physiology, and Behaviour2017Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    Animal domestication, the process where animals become adapted to living in proximity to humans, is associated with the alteration of multiple traits, including decreased fearfulness and stress response. With an estimated population of 50 billion, the domesticated chicken is the most populous avian species in the world. Hundreds of chicken breeds have been developed for meat and egg production, hobby or research purposes. Multidirectional selection and the relaxation of natural selection in captivity have created immense phenotypic diversity amongst domesticates in a relatively short evolutionary time. The extensive phenotypic diversity, existence of the wild ancestor, and feasibility of intercrossing various breeds makes the chicken a suitable model animal for deciphering genetic determinants of complex traits such as stress response. We used chicken domestication as a model to gain insights about the mechanisms that regulate stress response in an avian species. We studied behavioural and physiological stress response in the ancestral Red Junglefowl and one of its domesticated progenies, White Leghorn. An advanced intercross between the aforementioned breeds was later used to map genetic loci underlying modification of stress response. The general pattern of the stress response in chickens was comparable with that reported in mammals, however we identified distinctive differences in the stress modulatory pathways in chickens. We showed that changes in the expression levels of several stress modulatory genes in the brain, the pituitary and the adrenal glands underlie the observed modified stress response in domesticated chickens. Using quantitative trait loci (QTL) mapping, several QTL underlying stress induced corticosterone, aldosterone and baseline dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) levels were detected. As a next step, we combined QTL mapping with gene expression (eQTL) mapping and narrowed two QTL down to the putative causal genes, SERPINA10 and PDE1C. Both of these genes were differentially expressed in the adrenal glands of White Leghorn and the Red Junglefowl, had overlapping eQTL with hormonal QTL, and their expression levels in the adrenal glands were correlated with plasma levels of corticosterone and al-dosterone. These two genes thus serve as strong candidates for further functional investigation concerning modification of the stress response during domestication. This dissertation increase the knowledge about genetics and physiology of the stress response in an avian species and its modification during domestication. Our findings expand the basic knowledge about the stress response in chicken, which can potentially be used to improve welfare through appropriate genetic selection.

    List of papers
    1. Domestication effects on behavioural and hormonal responses to acute stress in chickens
    Open this publication in new window or tab >>Domestication effects on behavioural and hormonal responses to acute stress in chickens
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    2014 (English)In: Physiology and Behavior, ISSN 0031-9384, E-ISSN 1873-507X, Vol. 133, p. 161-169Article in journal (Refereed) Published
    Abstract [en]

    Comparative studies have shown that alterations in physiology, morphology and behaviour have arisen due tothe domestication. A driving factor behind many of the changes could be a shift in stress responses,withmodifiedendocrine and behavioural profiles. In the present study we compared two breeds of chicken (Gallus gallus), thedomesticWhite Leghorn (WL) egg laying breed and its ancestor, the Red Junglefowl (RJF). Birds were exposed toan acute stress event, invoked by 3 or 10 min of physical restraint. Theywere then continuouslymonitored for theeffects on a wide range of behaviours during a 60 min recovery phase. Blood samples were collected from thechicken at baseline, and after 10 and 60 min following a similar restraint stress, and the samples wereanalyzed for nine endogenous steroids of the HPA and HPG axes. Concentration of the steroids was determinedusing validated liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry methods. In RJF, an immediate behaviouralresponse was observed after release from restraint in several behaviours, with a relatively fast return to baselinewithin 1 h. In WL, somebehaviourswere affected for a longer period of time, and others not at all. Concentrationsof corticosterone increasedmore in RJF, but returned faster to baseline compared toWL. A range of baseline levelsfor HPG-related steroids differed between the breeds, and they were generally more affected by the stress in WLthan in RJF. In conclusion, RJF reacted stronger both behaviourally and physiologically to the restraint stress, butalso recovered faster. This would appear to be adaptive under natural conditions, whereas the stress recovery ofdomesticated birds has been altered by domestication and breeding for increased reproductive output.

    Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
    Elsevier, 2014
    Keywords
    Corticosterone Recovery Restraint White Leghorn Red Junglefowl
    National Category
    Biological Sciences
    Identifiers
    urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-107167 (URN)10.1016/j.physbeh.2014.05.024 (DOI)000340315100022 ()
    Note

    Funders: Swedish Research Council (VR) [621-2011-4731]; Swedish Research Council for Environment, Agricultural Sciences and Spatial Planning (FORMAS) [221-2011-1088]; ERC (project Genewell) [322206]; Swedish Centre of Excellence in Animal Welfare; ARUP Institute for Clinical and Experimental Pathology

    Available from: 2014-06-09 Created: 2014-06-09 Last updated: 2023-12-28
    2. Domestication Effects on Stress Induced Steroid Secretion and Adrenal Gene Expression in Chickens
    Open this publication in new window or tab >>Domestication Effects on Stress Induced Steroid Secretion and Adrenal Gene Expression in Chickens
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    2015 (English)In: Scientific Reports, E-ISSN 2045-2322, Vol. 5, p. 1-10, article id 15345Article in journal (Refereed) Published
    Abstract [en]

    Understanding the genetic basis of phenotypic diversity is a challenge in contemporary biology. Domestication provides a model for unravelling aspects of the genetic basis of stress sensitivity. The ancestral Red Junglefowl (RJF) exhibits greater fear-related behaviour and a more pronounced HPA-axis reactivity than its domesticated counterpart, the White Leghorn (WL). By comparing hormones (plasmatic) and adrenal global gene transcription profiles between WL and RJF in response to an acute stress event, we investigated the molecular basis for the altered physiological stress responsiveness in domesticated chickens. Basal levels of pregnenolone and dehydroepiandrosterone as well as corticosterone response were lower in WL. Microarray analysis of gene expression in adrenal glands showed a significant breed effect in a large number of transcripts with over-representation of genes in the channel activity pathway. The expression of the best-known steroidogenesis genes were similar across the breeds used. Transcription levels of acute stress response genes such as StAR, CH25 and POMC were upregulated in response to acute stress. Dampened HPA reactivity in domesticated chickens was associated with changes in the expression of several genes that presents potentially minor regulatory effects rather than by means of change in expression of critical steroidogenic genes in the adrenal.

    Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
    Nature Publishing Group, 2015
    National Category
    Bioinformatics and Systems Biology
    Identifiers
    urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-122305 (URN)10.1038/srep15345 (DOI)000362885300001 ()26471470 (PubMedID)
    Note

    Funding agencies: Swedish Research Council (VR) [621-2011-4731]; Swedish Research Council for Environment, Agricultural Sciences and Spatial Planning (FORMAS) [221-2011-1088]; SRC [621-2011-5523]; ERC [322206]; Swedish Centre of Excellence in Animal Welfare

    Available from: 2015-10-28 Created: 2015-10-28 Last updated: 2023-12-28
    3. Genetic and Targeted eQTL Mapping Reveals Strong Candidate Genes Modulating the Stress Response During Chicken Domestication.
    Open this publication in new window or tab >>Genetic and Targeted eQTL Mapping Reveals Strong Candidate Genes Modulating the Stress Response During Chicken Domestication.
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    2017 (English)In: G3: Genes, Genomes, Genetics, E-ISSN 2160-1836, Vol. 7, no 2Article in journal (Refereed) Published
    Abstract [en]

    The stress response has been largely modified in all domesticated animals, offering a strong tool for genetic mapping. In chickens, ancestral Red Junglefowl react stronger both in terms of physiology and behavior to a brief restraint stress than domesticated White Leghorn, demonstrating modified functions of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. We mapped quantitative trait loci (QTL) underlying variations in stress-induced hormone levels using 232 birds from the 12th generation of an advanced intercross between White Leghorn and Red Junglefowl, genotyped for 739 genetic markers. Plasma levels of corticosterone, dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), and pregnenolone (PREG) were measured using LC-MS/MS in all genotyped birds. Transcription levels of the candidate genes were measured in the adrenal glands or hypothalamus of 88 out of the 232 birds used for hormone assessment. Genes were targeted for expression analysis when they were located in a hormone QTL region and were differentially expressed in the pure breed birds. One genome-wide significant QTL on chromosome 5 and two suggestive QTL together explained 20% of the variance in corticosterone response. Two significant QTL for aldosterone on chromosome 2 and 5 (explaining 19% of the variance), and one QTL for DHEA on chromosome 4 (explaining 5% of the variance), were detected. Orthologous DNA regions to the significant corticosterone QTL have been previously associated with the physiological stress response in other species but, to our knowledge, the underlying gene(s) have not been identified. SERPINA10 had an expression QTL (eQTL) colocalized with the corticosterone QTL on chromosome 5 and PDE1C had an eQTL colocalized with the aldosterone QTL on chromosome 2. Furthermore, in both cases, the expression levels of the genes were correlated with the plasma levels of the hormones. Hence, both these genes are strong putative candidates for the domestication-induced modifications of the stress response in chickens. Improved understanding of the genes associated with HPA-axis reactivity can provide insights into the pathways and mechanisms causing stress-related pathologies.

    Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
    The Genetics Society, 2017
    Keywords
    animal, domestication, quantitative trait, genes, corticosterone, aldosterone
    National Category
    Biological Sciences
    Identifiers
    urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-134649 (URN)10.1534/g3.116.037721 (DOI)000394357100015 ()27974436 (PubMedID)
    Note

    Funding agencies: Swedish Research Council (SRC) (Vetenskapsradet) [621-2011-4731]; Swedish Research Council for Environment, Agricultural Sciences and Spatial Planning (Forskningsradet for Miljo, Areella Naringar och Samhallsbyggande) [221-2011-1088]; European Research Co

    Available from: 2017-02-21 Created: 2017-02-21 Last updated: 2024-01-17
    4. QTL mapping of stress related gene expression in a cross between domesticated chickens and ancestral red junglefowl.
    Open this publication in new window or tab >>QTL mapping of stress related gene expression in a cross between domesticated chickens and ancestral red junglefowl.
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    2017 (English)In: Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology, ISSN 0303-7207, E-ISSN 1872-8057, Vol. 446, p. 52-58, article id S0303-7207(17)30090-4Article in journal (Refereed) Published
    Abstract [en]

    Domestication of animals is associated with numerous alterations in physiology, morphology, and behavior. Lower reactivity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and reduced fearfulness is seen in most studied domesticates, including chickens. Previously we have shown that the physiological stress response as well as expression levels of hundreds of genes in the hypothalamus and adrenal glands are different between domesticated White Leghorn and the progenitor of modern chickens, the Red Junglefowl. To map genetic loci associated with the transcription levels of genes involved in the physiological stress response, we conducted an eQTL analysis in the F12 generation of an inter-cross between White Leghorn and Red Junglefowl. We selected genes for further studies based on their known function in the regulation of the HPA axis or sympathoadrenal (SA) system, and measured their expression levels in the hypothalamus and the adrenal glands after a brief stress exposure (physical restraint). The expression values were treated as quantitative traits for the eQTL mapping. The plasma levels of corticosterone were also assessed. We analyzed the correlation between gene expression and corticosterone levels and mapped eQTL and their potential effects on corticosterone levels. The effects on gene transcription of a previously found QTL for corticosterone response were also investigated. The expression levels of the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) in the hypothalamus and several genes in the adrenal glands were correlated with the post-stress levels of corticosterone in plasma. We found several cis- and trans-acting eQTL for stress-related genes in both hypothalamus and adrenal. In the hypothalamus, one eQTL for c-FOS and one QTL for expression of GR were found. In the adrenal tissue, we identified eQTL for the genes NR0B1, RGS4, DBH, MAOA, GRIN1, GABRB2, GABRB3, and HSF1. None of the found eQTL were significant predictors of corticosterone levels. The previously found QTL for corticosterone was associated with GR expression in hypothalamus. Our data suggests that domestication related modification in the stress response is driven by changes in the transcription levels of several modulators of the HPA and SA systems in hypothalamus and adrenal glands and not by changes in the expression of the steroidogenic genes. The presence of eQTL for GR in hypothalamus combined with the negative correlation between GR expression and corticosterone response suggests GR as a candidate for further functional studies regarding modification of stress response during chicken domestication.

    Keywords
    Animal domestication, HPA axis, QTL, Stress response, eQTL
    National Category
    Biological Sciences
    Identifiers
    urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-136027 (URN)10.1016/j.mce.2017.02.010 (DOI)000399509600006 ()28189567 (PubMedID)
    Note

    Funding agencies: Swedish Research Council (VR) [621-2011-4731]; Swedish Research Council for Environment, Agricultural Sciences and Spatial Planning (FORMAS) [221-2011-1088]; ERC [Genewell 322206]; SRC grant [VR 621-2011-4423, 2015-4870]; Swedish Centre of Excellence in A

    Available from: 2017-03-27 Created: 2017-03-27 Last updated: 2023-12-28
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    Domestication Effects on the Stress Response in Chickens: Genetics, Physiology, and Behaviour
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  • 31.
    Fallahshahroudi, Amir
    et al.
    Uppsala Univ, Sweden.
    Johnsson, Martin
    Swedish Univ Agr Sci, Sweden.
    Sorato, Enrico
    Reneco Int Wildlife Consultants, U Arab Emirates.
    Ubhayasekera, S. J. Kumari A.
    Uppsala Univ, Sweden.
    Bergquist, Jonas
    Uppsala Univ, Sweden.
    Altimiras, Jordi
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Biology. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Jensen, Per
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Biology. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Effects of the domestic thyroid stimulating hormone receptor (TSHR) variant on the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis and behavior in chicken2021In: Genetics, ISSN 0016-6731, E-ISSN 1943-2631, Vol. 217, no 1, article id iyaa050Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Domestic chickens are less fearful, have a faster sexual development, grow bigger, and lay more eggs than their primary ancestor, the red junglefowl. Several candidate genetic variants selected during domestication have been identified, but only a few studies have directly linked them with distinct phenotypic traits. Notably, a variant of the thyroid stimulating hormone receptor (TSHR) gene has been under strong positive selection over the past millennium, but its function and mechanisms of action are still largely unresolved. We therefore assessed the abundance of the domestic TSHR variant and possible genomic selection signatures in an extensive data set comprising multiple commercial and village chicken populations as well as wild-living extant members of the genus Gallus. Furthermore, by mean of extensive backcrossing we introgressed the wild-type TSHR variant from red junglefowl into domestic White Leghorn chickens and investigated gene expression, hormone levels, cold adaptation, and behavior in chickens possessing either the wild-type or domestic TSHR variant. While the domestic TSHR was the most common variant in all studied domestic populations and in one of two red junglefowl population, it was not detected in the other Gallus species. Functionally, the individuals with the domestic TSHR variant had a lower expression of the TSHR in the hypothalamus and marginally higher in the thyroid gland than wild-type TSHR individuals. Expression of TSHB and DIO2, two regulators of sexual maturity and reproduction in birds, was higher in the pituitary gland of the domestic-variant chickens. Furthermore, the domestic variant was associated with higher activity in the open field test. Our findings confirm that the spread of the domestic TSHR variant is limited to domesticated chickens, and to a lesser extent, their wild counterpart, the red junglefowl. Furthermore, we showed that effects of genetic variability in TSHR mirror key differences in gene expression and behavior previously described between the red junglefowl and domestic chicken.

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    fulltext
  • 32.
    Fallahshahroudi, Amir
    et al.
    Uppsala Univ, Sweden.
    Sorato, Enrico
    Reneco Int Wildlife Consultants, U Arab Emirates.
    Altimiras, Jordi
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Biology. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Jensen, Per
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Biology. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    The Domestic BCO2 Allele Buffers Low-Carotenoid Diets in Chickens: Possible Fitness Increase Through Species Hybridization2019In: Genetics, ISSN 0016-6731, E-ISSN 1943-2631, Vol. 212, no 4, p. 1445-1452Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Domestic animals are adapted to conditions vastly different from those of their wild ancestors, and this is particularly true for their diets. The most numerous of all domestic species, the chicken, originated from the Red Junglefowl (RJF), a native of subtropical forests in Southeast Asia. Surprisingly however, in domestic chicken breeds, a common haplotype of the beta-carotene oxygenase 2 (BCO2) gene, which is involved in carotenoid metabolism, is introgressed from a related species, the Gray Junglefowl, and has been under strong selective pressure during domestication. This suggests that a hybridization event may have conferred a fitness advantage on chickens carrying the derived allele. To investigate the possible biological function of the introgressed BCO2 allele in chicken, we introgressed the ancestral BCO2 allele into domestic White Leghorn chickens. We measured gene expression as well as carotenoid accumulation in skin and eggs of chickens carrying either the ancestral or the derived BCO2 allele. The derived haplotype was associated with down-regulation of BCO2 in skin, muscle, and adipose tissue, but not in liver or duodenum, indicating that carotenoid accumulation occurred in the tissues with reduced gene expression. Most importantly, we found that hens with the derived BCO2 genotype were capable of allocating stored carotenoids to their eggs, suggesting a functional benefit through buffering any shortage in the diet during egg production. Nevertheless, it is of interest that loss of function mutations in BCO2 gene are prevalent in other domesticates including cows, rabbits, and sheep, and, given the importance of carotenoids in development, reproduction, and immunity, it is possible that derived BCO2 alleles may provide a general mechanism in multiple domestic species to deal with higher demand for carotenoids in an environment with carotenoid shortage in the diet.

  • 33.
    Fallahsharoudi, Amir
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Biology. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Løtvedt, Pia
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Biology. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Beltéky, Johan
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Biology. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Altimiras, Jordi
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Biology. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Jensen, Per
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Biology. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Changes in pituitary gene expression may underlie multiple domesticated traits in chickens.2019In: Heredity, ISSN 0018-067X, E-ISSN 1365-2540, Vol. 122, no 2, p. 195-204Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Domesticated animals share a unique set of morphological and behavioral traits, jointly referred to as the domesticated phenotype. Striking similarities amongst a range of unrelated domesticated species suggest that similar regulatory mechanisms may underlie the domesticated phenotype. These include color pattern, growth, reproduction, development and stress response. Although previous studies have focused on the brain to find mechanisms underlying domestication, the potential role of the pituitary gland as a target of domestication is highly overlooked. Here, we study gene expression in the pituitary gland of the domesticated White Leghorn chicken and its wild ancestor, the Red Junglefowl. By overlapping differentially expressed genes with a previously published list of functionally important genes in the pituitary gland, we narrowed down to 34 genes. Amongst them, expression levels of genes with inhibitory function on pigmentation (ASIP), main stimulators of metabolism and sexual maturity (TSHB and DIO2), and a potential inhibitor of broodiness (PRLR), were higher in the domesticated breed. Additionally, expression of 2 key inhibitors of the stress response (NR3C1, CRHR2) was higher in the domesticated breed. We suggest that changes in the transcription of important modulatory genes in the pituitary gland can account not only for domestication of the stress response in domestic chickens, but also for changes in pigmentation, development, and reproduction. Given the pivotal role of the pituitary gland in the regulation of multiple shared domesticated traits, we suggest that similar changes in pituitary transcriptome may contribute to the domesticated phenotype in other species as well.

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  • 34. Order onlineBuy this publication >>
    Fogelholm, Jesper
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Biology. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Genomics and Transcriptomics of Behaviour and Plumage Colouration2020Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    The aim throughout this thesis has been to investigate the underlying genetics of behaviours and feather colour and plumage patterns by using chickens as a model organism. Chickens are extremely important as a food source, both in terms of egg, as well as meat production. As such there is a large research interest for them, and they provide an excellent model to study the effects of domestication and evolution, since the ancestor to our domestic breeds the Red Junglefowl can still be found living freely in the wild. This allows us to set up long term crossing experiments where we can harness the power of recombination events and genome wide sequencing to perform genome wide mapping studies. I also want to take the opportunity to integrate the results from all of my work and consider it in perspective of the domestication syndrome.

    In Paper I we investigated the Social Reinstatement behaviour which combines aspects of sociality and anxiousness. We detected several QTL and some overlap with Open Field behaviour from previous work within the group. By combining genomic and transcriptomic methods three strong candidate genes were found: TTRAP, ACOT9 and PRDX4.

    In Paper II Tonic Immobility, another classic behaviour was examined. Once more there was some overlap with the QTL regions discovered in earlier work, and it turns out that two of the most well supported candidate genes for Tonic Immobility is ACOT9 and PRDX4. These two genes had also been implicated with a pH dependent meat quality trait. Therefore, we conducted experiments in an additional smaller scale test cohort to investigate any potential link between the two traits. Following statistical multiple testing corrections, no significant association was found.

    The remaining papers in the thesis investigated different types of feather patterning and colour. In Paper III we determined that the underlying genetic mechanism behind the striped appearance of the sex-linked barring feathers is likely caused by cyclic depletion and renewal of the pigment producing melanocyte cells during feather growth, which is a consequence of specific mutations in the gene CDKN2A.

    Paper IV took a quantitative approach to colour by measuring and quantifying the pheomelanic colour ranging from dark red to yellow. We identified five main candidate genes for the intensity of red colouration, CREBBP, WDR24, ARL8A, PHLDA3 and LAD1. They are all regulated by a trans-acting eQTL located within the QTL region previously associated with behaviours in Paper I and Paper II.

    Finally, in Paper V we turned our attention from pigment-based colour traits to an iridescent structural colour. Here we followed up the QTL mapping performed in our F8 lab intercross with a Genome Wide Association Study in two feral populations from the islands of Kauai and Bermuda. RNA-sequencing was then performed in selected individuals from both feral populations in addition to individuals from the F3 generation of our domestic x wild intercross. The main region of interest is located between 17.4 -17.5Mb on chromosome Z, with the main candidate genes being MAP3K1, Zinc finger RNA binding protein 2, and Zinc finger protein. After integrating and viewing the results from the work conducted as a part of this thesis from the perspective of the Domestication Syndrome, I have found that there are a lot of potential connections between the traits that I have studied. For instance, the same QTL region on chromosome 10 is detected in association with the behaviour traits in Paper I and Paper II and the quantitative colour trait in Paper IV. I believe that the domestication syndrome is caused by the underlying functional arrangement of the genome, which causes correlated responses in nearby genes and their associated traits, when selective forces such as domestication are applied on the primary trait.

    List of papers
    1. Genetics and Genomics of Social Behavior in a Chicken Model
    Open this publication in new window or tab >>Genetics and Genomics of Social Behavior in a Chicken Model
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    2018 (English)In: Genetics, ISSN 0016-6731, E-ISSN 1943-2631, Vol. 209, no 1, p. 209-221Article in journal (Refereed) Published
    Abstract [en]

    The identification of genes affecting sociality can give insights into the maintenance and development of sociality and personality. In this study, we used the combination of an advanced intercross between wild and domestic chickens with a combined QTL and eQTL genetical genomics approach to identify genes for social reinstatement, a social and anxiety-related behavior. A total of 24 social reinstatement QTL were identified and overlaid with over 600 eQTL obtained from the same birds using hypothalamic tissue. Correlations between overlapping QTL and eQTL indicated five strong candidate genes, with the gene TTRAP being strongly significantly correlated with multiple aspects of social reinstatement behavior, as well as possessing a highly significant eQTL.

    Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
    GENETICS SOCIETY AMERICA, 2018
    Keywords
    behavior; eQTL; QTL; sociality
    National Category
    Genetics
    Identifiers
    urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-148106 (URN)10.1534/genetics.118.300810 (DOI)000432188600016 ()29531010 (PubMedID)
    Note

    Funding Agencies|Carl Tryggers Stiftelse, Swedish Research Council (VR); Swedish Research Council for Environment; Agricultural Sciences and Spatial Planning (FORMAS); European Research Council [GENEWELL 322206]

    Available from: 2018-05-30 Created: 2018-05-30 Last updated: 2023-12-28
    2. Genetical Genomics of Tonic Immobility in the Chicken
    Open this publication in new window or tab >>Genetical Genomics of Tonic Immobility in the Chicken
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    2019 (English)In: Genes, ISSN 2073-4425, E-ISSN 2073-4425, Vol. 10, no 5, article id 341Article in journal (Refereed) Published
    Abstract [en]

    Identifying the molecular mechanisms of animal behaviour is an enduring goal for researchers. Gaining insight into these mechanisms enables us to gain a greater understanding of behaviour and their genetic control. In this paper, we perform Quantitative Trait Loci (QTL) mapping of tonic immobility behaviour in an advanced intercross line between wild and domestic chickens. Genes located within the QTL interval were further investigated using global expression QTL (eQTL) mapping from hypothalamus tissue, as well as causality analysis. This identified five candidate genes, with the genes PRDX4 and ACOT9 emerging as the best supported candidates. In addition, we also investigated the connection between tonic immobility, meat pH and struggling behaviour, as the two candidate genes PRDX4 and ACOT9 have previously been implicated in controlling muscle pH at slaughter. We did not find any phenotypic correlations between tonic immobility, struggling behaviour and muscle pH in a smaller additional cohort, despite these behaviours being repeatable within-test.

    Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
    MDPI, 2019
    Keywords
    QTL; eQTL; tonic immobility; behaviour; domestication; muscle pH
    National Category
    Endocrinology and Diabetes
    Identifiers
    urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-158576 (URN)10.3390/genes10050341 (DOI)000470964100020 ()31067744 (PubMedID)
    Note

    Funding Agencies|Swedish Research Council (VR) [621-2011-4802]; Swedish Research Council for Environment, Agricultural Sciences and Spatial Planning (FORMAS) [221-2012-667]; European Research Council [GENEWELL 322206, FERALGEN 772874]

    Available from: 2019-07-03 Created: 2019-07-03 Last updated: 2023-12-28
    3. The evolution of Sex-linked barring alleles in chickens involves both regulatory and coding changes in CDKN2A
    Open this publication in new window or tab >>The evolution of Sex-linked barring alleles in chickens involves both regulatory and coding changes in CDKN2A
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    2017 (English)In: PLOS Genetics, ISSN 1553-7390, E-ISSN 1553-7404, Vol. 13, no 4, article id e1006665Article in journal (Refereed) Published
    Abstract [en]

    Sex-linked barring is a fascinating plumage pattern in chickens recently shown to be associated with two non-coding and two missense mutations affecting the ARF transcript at the CDKN2A tumor suppressor locus. It however remained a mystery whether all four mutations are indeed causative and how they contribute to the barring phenotype. Here, we show that Sex-linked barring is genetically heterogeneous, and that the mutations form three functionally different variant alleles. The B0 allele carries only the two non-coding changes and is associated with the most dilute barring pattern, whereas the B1 and B2 alleles carry both the two non-coding changes and one each of the two missense mutations causing the Sex-linked barring and Sex-linked dilution phenotypes, respectively. The data are consistent with evolution of alleles where the non-coding changes occurred first followed by the two missense mutations that resulted in a phenotype more appealing to humans. We show that one or both of the non-coding changes are cis-regulatory mutations causing a higher CDKN2A expression, whereas the missense mutations reduce the ability of ARF to interact with MDM2. Caspase assays for all genotypes revealed no apoptotic events and our results are consistent with a recent study indicating that the loss of melanocyte progenitors in Sex-linked barring in chicken is caused by premature differentiation and not apoptosis. Our results show that CDKN2A is a major locus driving the differentiation of avian melanocytes in a temporal and spatial manner.

    Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
    PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE, 2017
    National Category
    Genetics
    Identifiers
    urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-138926 (URN)10.1371/journal.pgen.1006665 (DOI)000402549200008 ()28388616 (PubMedID)
    Note

    Funding Agencies|Swedish Research Council; Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation; Erasmus-Mundus fellowship; Swedish Research Council of the European Graduate School in Animal Breeding and Genetics

    Available from: 2017-06-27 Created: 2017-06-27 Last updated: 2022-09-13
    4. CREBBP and WDR 24 Identified as Candidate Genes for Quantitative Variation in Red-Brown Plumage Colouration in the Chicken
    Open this publication in new window or tab >>CREBBP and WDR 24 Identified as Candidate Genes for Quantitative Variation in Red-Brown Plumage Colouration in the Chicken
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    2020 (English)In: Scientific Reports, E-ISSN 2045-2322, Vol. 10, no 1, article id 1161Article in journal (Refereed) Published
    Abstract [en]

    Plumage colouration in birds is important for a plethora of reasons, ranging from camouflage, sexual signalling, and species recognition. The genes underlying colour variation have been vital in understanding how genes can affect a phenotype. Multiple genes have been identified that affect plumage variation, but research has principally focused on major-effect genes (such as those causing albinism, barring, and the like), rather than the smaller effect modifier loci that more subtly influence colour. By utilising a domestic × wild advanced intercross with a combination of classical QTL mapping of red colouration as a quantitative trait and a targeted genetical genomics approach, we have identified five separate candidate genes (CREBBP, WDR24, ARL8A, PHLDA3, LAD1) that putatively influence quantitative variation in red-brown colouration in chickens. By treating colour as a quantitative rather than qualitative trait, we have identified both QTL and genes of small effect. Such small effect loci are potentially far more prevalent in wild populations, and can therefore potentially be highly relevant to colour evolution.

    Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
    Nature Publishing Group, 2020
    National Category
    Genetics
    Identifiers
    urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-165248 (URN)10.1038/s41598-020-57710-7 (DOI)000546559900001 ()31980681 (PubMedID)2-s2.0-85078253816 (Scopus ID)
    Note

    Funding agencies:  Carl Tryggers Stiftelse; Swedish Research CouncilSwedish Research Council; Swedish Research Council for Environment, Agricultural Sciences and Spatial Planning (FORMAS)Swedish Research Council Formas; European Research CouncilEuropean Research Council (ER

    Available from: 2020-04-20 Created: 2020-04-20 Last updated: 2023-12-28Bibliographically approved
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  • 35.
    Fogelholm, Jesper
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Biology. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Henriksen, Rie
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Biology. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Höglund, Andrey
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Biology. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Huq, N.
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Biology. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Johnsson, M.
    The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, The University of Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland, United Kingdom, Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden.
    Lenz, Reiner
    Linköping University, Department of Science and Technology, Media and Information Technology. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering. Linköping University, Center for Medical Image Science and Visualization (CMIV).
    Jensen, Per
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Biology. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Wright, Dominic
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Biology. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    CREBBP and WDR 24 Identified as Candidate Genes for Quantitative Variation in Red-Brown Plumage Colouration in the Chicken2020In: Scientific Reports, E-ISSN 2045-2322, Vol. 10, no 1, article id 1161Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Plumage colouration in birds is important for a plethora of reasons, ranging from camouflage, sexual signalling, and species recognition. The genes underlying colour variation have been vital in understanding how genes can affect a phenotype. Multiple genes have been identified that affect plumage variation, but research has principally focused on major-effect genes (such as those causing albinism, barring, and the like), rather than the smaller effect modifier loci that more subtly influence colour. By utilising a domestic × wild advanced intercross with a combination of classical QTL mapping of red colouration as a quantitative trait and a targeted genetical genomics approach, we have identified five separate candidate genes (CREBBP, WDR24, ARL8A, PHLDA3, LAD1) that putatively influence quantitative variation in red-brown colouration in chickens. By treating colour as a quantitative rather than qualitative trait, we have identified both QTL and genes of small effect. Such small effect loci are potentially far more prevalent in wild populations, and can therefore potentially be highly relevant to colour evolution.

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  • 36.
    Foreberg, Christina
    et al.
    Swedish National Forensic Centre, Linköping, Sweden.
    Jansson, Linda
    Applied Microbiology, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
    Ansell, Ricky
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Biology. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering. Swedish National Forensic Centre, Linköping, Sweden.
    Hedman, Johannes
    Swedish National Forensic Centre, Linköping, Sweden, Applied Microbiology, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
    High-throughput DNA extraction of forensic adhesive tapes2016In: Forensic Science International: Genetics, ISSN 1872-4973, E-ISSN 1878-0326, Vol. 24, p. 158-163Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Tape-lifting has since its introduction in the early 2000's become a well-established sampling method in forensic DNA analysis. Sampling is quick and straightforward while the following DNA extraction is more challenging due to the "stickiness", rigidity and size of the tape. We have developed, validated and implemented a simple and efficient direct lysis DNA extraction protocol for adhesive tapes that requires limited manual labour. The method uses Chelex beads and is applied with SceneSafe FAST tape. This direct lysis protocol provided higher mean DNA yields than PrepFiler Express BTA on Automate Express, although the differences were not significant when using clothes worn in a controlled fashion as reference material (p=0.13 and p=0.34 for T-shirts and button-down shirts, respectively). Through in-house validation we show that the method is fit-for-purpose for application in casework, as it provides high DNA yields and amplifiability, as well as good reproducibility and DNA extract stability. After implementation in casework, the proportion of extracts with DNA concentrations above 0.01ng/μL increased from 71% to 76%. Apart from providing higher DNA yields compared with the previous method, the introduction of the developed direct lysis protocol also reduced the amount of manual labour by half and doubled the potential throughput for tapes at the laboratory. Generally, simplified manual protocols can serve as a cost-effective alternative to sophisticated automation solutions when the aim is to enable high-throughput DNA extraction of complex crime scene samples.

  • 37.
    Friberg, Urban
    Department of Ecology and Environmental Science, Section of Animal Ecology, Umeå University, Umeå , Sweden.
    Genetic variation in male and female reproductive characters associated with sexual conflict in Drosophila melanogaster2005In: Behavior Genetics, ISSN 0001-8244, E-ISSN 1573-3297, Vol. 35, no 4, p. 455-462Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Recent studies have shown that elevated mating, courtship and seminal substances affect female fitness negatively in Drosophila melanogaster. It has also been shown that males vary with respect to these characters and that male harm to females correlates positively with components of male fitness. These results suggest that there is sexual conflict over the effect of such male characters. An important component of this scenario is that females have evolved counteradaptations to male harm, but so far there is limited evidence for this. Here I define female resistance as the ability to withstand an increased exposure to males. Across 10 genetically differentiated lines of D. melanogaster, I found genetic variation among females in the reduction of lifespan that followed from exposure to males of different durations. There was also genetic variation among males with regards to the degree to which they decrease the lifespan of their mates. These results suggest that genetic variation for female ability to endure male sexually antagonistic adaptations exists and may play an important role in male–female coevolution.

  • 38.
    Friberg, Urban
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Biology. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Två kön och många organ: men bara en arvsmassa2016In: Tidskriften för svensk psykiatri, ISSN 1653-8579, no 4, p. 28-29Article in journal (Other academic)
    Abstract [sv]

    Hos många arter uppvisar könen en rad skillnader.Dessa omfattar vanligtvis deras utseende så väl som beteende. Vad är det egentligen som orsakar evolution av könsskillnader, hur är den möjlig då könen har i princip samma gener, och kan detta tänkas ha konsekvenser för hur vi människor fungerar?

  • 39.
    Friberg, Urban
    et al.
    Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Marine Biology, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California, USA.
    Rice, Willliam R.
    Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, USA / Department of Mathematics, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, USA.
    Gavrilets, Sergey
    Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Marine Biology, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California, USA.
    Sexually Antagonistic “Zygotic Drive” of the Sex Chromosomes2008In: PLOS Genetics, ISSN 1553-7390, E-ISSN 1553-7404, Vol. 4, no 12, article id 1000313Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Genomic conflict is perplexing because it causes the fitness of a species to decline rather than improve. Many diverse forms of genomic conflict have been identified, but this extant tally may be incomplete. Here, we show that the unusual characteristics of the sex chromosomes can, in principle, lead to a previously unappreciated form of sexual genomic conflict. The phenomenon occurs because there is selection in the heterogametic sex for sex-linked mutations that harm the sex of offspring that does not carry them, whenever there is competition among siblings. This harmful phenotype can be expressed as an antagonistic green-beard effect that is mediated by epigenetic parental effects, parental investment, and/or interactions among siblings. We call this form of genomic conflict sexually antagonistic “zygotic drive”, because it is functionally equivalent to meiotic drive, except that it operates during the zygotic and postzygotic stages of the life cycle rather than the meiotic and gametic stages. A combination of mathematical modeling and a survey of empirical studies is used to show that sexually antagonistic zygotic drive is feasible, likely to be widespread in nature, and that it can promote a genetic “arms race” between the homo- and heteromorphic sex chromosomes. This new category of genomic conflict has the potential to strongly influence other fundamental evolutionary processes, such as speciation and the degeneration of the Y and W sex chromosomes. It also fosters a new genetic hypothesis for the evolution of enigmatic fitness-reducing traits like the high frequency of spontaneous abortion, sterility, and homosexuality observed in humans.

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    Sexually Antagonistic “Zygotic Drive” of the Sex Chromosomes
  • 40.
    Friberg, Urban
    et al.
    Department of Ecology, Evolution and Marine Biology, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California, United States of America / Department of Evolutionary Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden .
    Stewart, Andrew D.
    Department of Ecology, Evolution and Marine Biology, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California, USA.
    Rice, William R.
    Department of Ecology, Evolution and Marine Biology, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California, USA.
    Empirical Evidence for Son-Killing X Chromosomes and the Operation of SA-Zygotic Drive2011In: PLOS ONE, E-ISSN 1932-6203, Vol. 6, no 8, article id e23508Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Background: Diploid organisms have two copies of all genes, but only one is carried by each haploid gamete and diploid offspring. This causes a fundamental genetic conflict over transmission rate between alternative alleles. Single genes, or gene clusters, only rarely code for the complex phenotypes needed to give them a transmission advantage (drive phenotype). However, all genes on a male's X and Y chromosomes co-segregate, allowing different sex-linked genes to code for different parts of the drive phenotype. Correspondingly, the well-characterized phenomenon of male gametic drive, occurring during haploid gametogenesis, is especially common on sex chromosomes. The new theory of sexually antagonistic zygotic drive of the sex chromosomes (SA-zygotic drive) extends the logic of gametic drive into the diploid phase of the lifecycle, whenever there is competition among siblings or harmful sib-sib mating. The X and Y are predicted to gain a transmission advantage by harming offspring of the sex that does not carry them. Results: Here we analyzed a mutant X-chromosome in Drosophila simulans that produced an excess of daughters when transmitted from males. We developed a series of tests to differentiate between gametic and SA-zygotic drive, and provide multiple lines of evidence that SA-zygotic drive is responsible for the sex ratio bias. Driving sires produce about 50% more surviving daughters than sons. Conclusion: Sex-ratio distortion due to genetic conflict has evolved via gametic drive and maternally transmitted endosymbionts. Our data indicate that sex chromosomes can also drive by harming the non-carrier sex of offspring.

  • 41.
    Garcia, Maxime
    et al.
    Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Sweden.
    Juhos, Szilveszter
    Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Sweden; Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Science for Life Laboratory, Stockholm University, Sweden; Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, National Bioinformatics Infrastructure Sweden, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Sweden.
    Larsson, Malin
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Bioinformatics. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Olason, Pall I
    Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, National Bioinformatics Infrastructure Sweden, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Sweden.
    Martin, Marcel
    Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, National Bioinformatics Infrastructure Sweden, Science for Life Laboratory, Stockholm University, Sweden.
    Eisfeldt, Jesper
    Clinical Genetics, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Sweden.
    DiLorenzo, Sebastian
    Department of Medical Sciences, National Bioinformatics Infrastructure Sweden, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University,Sweden.
    Sandgren, Johanna
    Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital at Solna, Sweden.
    Díaz De Ståhl, Teresita
    Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, J530 BioClinicum, Visionsgatan 4, Karolinska University Hospital at Solna, Sweden.
    Ewels, Philip
    Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Science for Life Laboratory, Stockholm University, Sweden.
    Wirta, Valtteri
    Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Clinical Genomics Facility, Science for Life Laboratory, Karolinska Institutet, Sweden.
    Nistér, Monica
    Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, J530 BioClinicum, Visionsgatan 4, Karolinska University Hospital at Solna, Sweden.
    Käller, Max
    School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, Science for Life Laboratory, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Sweden.
    Nystedt, Björn
    Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, National Bioinformatics Infrastructure Sweden, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Sweden.
    Sarek: A portable workflow for whole-genome sequencing analysis of germline and somatic variants2020In: F1000 Research, E-ISSN 2046-1402, Vol. 9Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) is a fundamental technology for research to advance precision medicine, but the limited availability of portable and user-friendly workflows for WGS analyses poses a major challenge for many research groups and hampers scientific progress. Here we present Sarek, an open-source workflow to detect germline variants and somatic mutations based on sequencing data from WGS, whole-exome sequencing (WES), or gene panels. Sarek features (i) easy installation, (ii) robust portability across different computer environments, (iii) comprehensive documentation, (iv) transparent and easy-to-read code, and (v) extensive quality metrics reporting. Sarek is implemented in the Nextflow workflow language and supports both Docker and Singularity containers as well as Conda environments, making it ideal for easy deployment on any POSIX-compatible computers and cloud compute environments. Sarek follows the GATK best-practice recommendations for read alignment and pre-processing, and includes a wide range of software for the identification and annotation of germline and somatic single-nucleotide variants, insertion and deletion variants, structural variants, tumour sample purity, and variations in ploidy and copy number. Sarek offers easy, efficient, and reproducible WGS analyses, and can readily be used both as a production workflow at sequencing facilities and as a powerful stand-alone tool for individual research groups. The Sarek source code, documentation and installation instructions are freely available at https://github.com/nf-core/sarek and at https://nf-co.re/sarek/.

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  • 42.
    Gavrilets, Sergey
    et al.
    Departments of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology and Mathematics, University of Tennessee, Knoxville,USA.
    Arnqvist, Göran
    Department of Ecology and Environmental Science, University of Umeå, Sweden.
    Friberg, Urban
    Department of Ecology and Environmental Science, University of Umeå, Sweden.
    The evolution of female mate choice by sexual conflict2001In: Proceedings of the Royal Society of London Series B, ISSN 0080-4649, Vol. 268, no 1466, p. 531-539Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Although empirical evidence has shown that many male traits have evolved via sexual selection by female mate choice, our understanding of the adaptive value of female mating preferences is still very incomplete. It has recently been suggested that female mate choice may result from females evolving resistance rather than attraction to males, but this has been disputed. Here, we develop a quantitative genetic model showing that sexual conflict over mating indeed results in the joint evolution of costly female mate choice and exaggerated male traits under a wide range of circumstances. In contrast to traditional explanations of costly female mate choice, which rely on indirect genetic benefits, our model shows that mate choice can be generated as a side–effect of females evolving to reduce the direct costs of mating.

  • 43.
    Glad, Camilla A. M.
    et al.
    Univ Gothenburg, Sweden; Sahlgrens Univ Hosp, Sweden.
    Svensson, Per-Arne
    Univ Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Nyström, Fredrik H
    Linköping University, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Region Östergötland, Primary Care Center, Primary Health Care Center Cityhälsan Centrum, Norrköping.
    Jacobson, Peter
    Univ Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Carlsson, Lena M. S.
    Univ Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Johannsson, Gudmundur
    Univ Gothenburg, Sweden; Sahlgrens Univ Hosp, Sweden.
    Andersson-Assarsson, Johanna C.
    Univ Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Expression of GHR and Downstream Signaling Genes in Human Adipose Tissue-Relation to Obesity and Weight Change2019In: Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism, ISSN 0021-972X, E-ISSN 1945-7197, Vol. 104, no 5, p. 1459-1470Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Context: GH is a strong regulator of metabolism. In obesity, both GH secretion and adipose tissue GHR gene expression are decreased. More detailed information on the regulation of GHR, STAT3/5, and downstream-regulated genes in human adipose tissue during diet-induced weight loss and weight gain is lacking. Objective: The aim of the present study was to investigate the gene expression patterns of GHR and the Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK/STAT) pathway (JAK2, STAT3, STAT5A, and STAT5B) in human subcutaneous adipose tissue in relation to energy restriction and overfeeding. Design, Patients, and Interventions: Tissue distribution was analyzed in a data set generated by RNA sequencing containing information on global expression in human tissues. Subcutaneous adipose tissue or adipocyte gene expression (measured by DNA microarrays) was investigated in the following settings: (i) individuals with obesity vs individuals with normal weight; (ii) energy restriction; and (iii) overfeeding. Results: GHR expression was decreased in subjects with obesity compared with subjects with normal weight (P amp;lt; 0.001). It was increased in response to energy restriction and decreased in response to overfeeding (P = 0.015 and P = 0.030, respectively). STAT3 expression was increased in subjects with obesity (P amp;lt; 0.001). It was decreased during energy restriction and increased during overfeeding (P = 0.004 and P = 0.006, respectively). STAT3-regulated genes showed an overall view of overexpression in obesity. Conclusions: The results of the present study have shown that GHR, STAT3, and STAT3-regulated genes are dynamically, and reciprocally, regulated at the tissue level in response to energy restriction and overfeeding, suggesting that GH signaling is perturbed in obesity.

  • 44.
    Green, Henrik
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Division of Drug Research. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Natl Board Forens Med, Dept Forens Genet and Forens Toxicol, Artillerigatan 12, S-58758 Linkoping, Sweden.
    Tillmar, Andreas
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of Hematopoiesis and Developmental Biology. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Natl Board Forens Med, Dept Forens Genet and Forens Toxicol, Artillerigatan 12, S-58758 Linkoping, Sweden.
    Pettersson, Gisela
    Natl Board Forens Med, Sweden.
    Montelius, Kerstin
    Natl Board Forens Med, Dept Forens Genet and Forens Toxicol, Artillerigatan 12, S-58758 Linkoping, Sweden.
    The use of FTA cards to acquire DNA profiles from postmortem cases2019In: International journal of legal medicine, ISSN 0937-9827, E-ISSN 1437-1596, Vol. 133, no 6, p. 1651-1657Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Filter papers have been used for many years in different applications of molecular biology and have been proven to be a stable way to store DNA waiting to be analyzed. Sampling of DNA on FTA (Flinders Technology Associates) cards is convenient and cost effective compared to alternative approaches involving DNA extractions and storage of DNA extracts. FTA cards are analyzed at many forensic laboratories, and the way to perform direct genetic profiling on buccal swab cards has developed into an almost industrial process. The possibility to include postmortem (PM) samples into an FTA-based workflow would facilitate and speed up the genetic identification process compared to conventional methods, both on a regular basis and in a mass casualty event. In this study, we investigated if FTA cards may be used to carry tissue DNA from deceased and present a high-quality DNA profile from the individual in order to be useful for the identification process. The study also aimed to investigate if a specific body tissue would be preferable, and if decomposed tissue is suitable at all to put on an FTA card in order to obtain a DNA profile. We have compared the quality of the DNA profiles acquired from postmortem tissue on FTA cards, with the results acquired with conventional methods from reference bone/muscle samples from the same individual. Several types of tissues have been tested from different identification cases and scenarios. We concluded that tissue cells from inner organs are suitable to put on FTA cards, and that the obtained DNA profiles have the potential to serve as PM data for identification purposes. In cases including compromised samples, however, it is recommended to keep the tissue sample as a backup if further DNA has to be extracted.

  • 45.
    Guerrero Bosagna, Carlos
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Biology. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Pértille, Fábio
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Biology. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering. Univ Sao Paulo, Brazil.
    Gomez, Yamenah
    Univ Bern, Switzerland.
    Rezaei, Shiva
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Biology. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Gebhardt-Henrich, Sabine G.
    Univ Bern, Switzerland.
    Vogeli, Sabine
    Univ Bern, Switzerland.
    Stratmann, Ariane
    Univ Bern, Switzerland.
    Voelkl, Bernhard
    Univ Bern, Switzerland.
    Toscano, Michael J.
    Univ Bern, Switzerland.
    DNA methylation variation in the brain of laying hens in relation to differential behavioral patterns2020In: Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology - Part D: Genomics and Proteomics, ISSN 1744-117X, E-ISSN 1878-0407, Vol. 35, article id 100700Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Domesticated animals are unique to investigate the contribution of genetic and non-genetic factors to specific phenotypes. Among non-genetic factors involved in phenotype formation are epigenetic mechanisms. Here we aimed to identify whether relative DNA methylation differences in the nidopallium between groups of individuals are among the non-genetic factors involved in the emergence of differential behavioral patterns in hens. The nidopallium was selected due to its important role in complex cognitive function (i.e., decision making) in birds. Behavioral patterns that spontaneously emerge in hens living in a highly controlled environment were identified with a unique tracking system that recorded their transitions between pen zones. Behavioral activity patterns were characterized through three classification schemes: (i) daily specific features of behavioral routines (Entropy), (ii) daily spatio-temporal activity patterns (Dynamic Time Warping), and (iii) social leading behavior (Leading Index). Unique differentially methylated regions (DMRs) were identified between behavioral patterns emerging within classification schemes, with entropy having the higher number. Functionally, DTW had double the proportion of affected promoters and half of the distal intergenic regions. Pathway enrichment analysis of DMR-associated genes revealed that Entropy relates mainly to cell cycle checkpoints, Leading Index to mitochondrial function, and DTW to gene expression regulation. Our study suggests that different biological functions within neurons (particularly in the nidopallium) could be responsible for the emergence of distinct behavior patterns and that epigenetic variation within brain tissues would be an important factor to explain behavioral variation.

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  • 46.
    Gustafsson, Dan
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Molecular genetics. Linköping University, The Institute of Technology.
    The origin of naked barley (Hordeum vulgare L. ssp. vulgare) studied bythe nud gene2013Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10,5 credits / 16 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    The exact origin of the peculiar naked barley is somewhat illusive. There   is a debate whether it has a single, monophyletic origin or a multiple, paraphyletic origin. It is from previous Asian studies on naked   barley known that a mutation   or a deletion of the nud gene expresses the   naked seed phenotype. Not much   investigation has been done outside of   Asia, least of all in the Nordic countries, on what gives naked   barley its character. Therefore this   study was set up to examine if   the Nordic variant of naked barley shares   the same nud allele as the Asian   and thus has a   close connection with it, or   if they have independent mutations. I   could confirm that the known alleles of the nud gene do determine the seed character of barley. Most of the   results of the PCR genotyping confirmed the phenotype of the tested   accessions, both naked and hulled barleys. However, one visually phenotyped naked   barley cultivar (NGB4580) still amplified with the known primers that would   match the Asian hulled allele, meaning that the Nordic accession NGB4580 of   naked barley did not carry the known nud   deletion. This suggests that naked barley has arisen independently in Asia   and in the Nordic countries.

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  • 47.
    Hackett, Jamie A.
    et al.
    University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, UK.
    Reddington, James P.
    University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, UK.
    Nestor, Colm E.
    University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, UK.
    Dunican, Donncha S.
    University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, UK.
    Branco, Miguel R.
    Babraham Institute, Cambridge and University of Cambridge, UK.
    Reichmann, Judith
    University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, UK.
    Reik, Wolf
    Babraham Institute, Cambridge and University of Cambridge, UK.
    Surani, M. Azim
    University of Cambridge, UK.
    Adams, Ian R
    University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, UK.
    Meehan, Richard R
    University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, UK.
    Promoter DNA methylation couples genome-defence mechanisms to epigenetic reprogramming in the mouse germline2012In: Development, ISSN 0950-1991, E-ISSN 1477-9129, Vol. 139, no 19, p. 3623-3632Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Mouse primordial germ cells (PGCs) erase global DNA methylation (5mC) as part of the comprehensive epigenetic reprogramming that occurs during PGC development. 5mC plays an important role in maintaining stable gene silencing and repression of transposable elements (TE) but it is not clear how the extensive loss of DNA methylation impacts on gene expression and TE repression in developing PGCs. Using a novel epigenetic disruption and recovery screen and genetic analyses, we identified a core set of germline-specific genes that are dependent exclusively on promoter DNA methylation for initiation and maintenance of developmental silencing. These gene promoters appear to possess a specialised chromatin environment that does not acquire any of the repressive H3K27me3, H3K9me2, H3K9me3 or H4K20me3 histone modifications when silenced by DNA methylation. Intriguingly, this methylation-dependent subset is highly enriched in genes with roles in suppressing TE activity in germ cells. We show that the mechanism for developmental regulation of the germline genome-defence genes involves DNMT3B-dependent de novo DNA methylation. These genes are then activated by lineage-specific promoter demethylation during distinct global epigenetic reprogramming events in migratory (~E8.5) and post-migratory (E10.5-11.5) PGCs. We propose that genes involved in genome defence are developmentally regulated primarily by promoter DNA methylation as a sensory mechanism that is coupled to the potential for TE activation during global 5mC erasure, thereby acting as a failsafe to ensure TE suppression and maintain genomic integrity in the germline.

  • 48.
    Hagenblad, Jenny
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Biology. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Hülskötter, Jennifer
    Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Department of Biology, NO-7491 Trondheim, Norway, 3University of Applied Sciences Bremen, DE-28199 Bremen, Germany.
    Acharya, Kamal Prasad
    Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Department of Biology, NO-7491 Trondheim, Norway.
    Brunet, Jörg
    Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Southern Swedish Forest Research Centre, SE-230 53 Alnarp, Sweden.
    Chabrerie, Olivier
    Plant Biodiversity Lab, FRE 3498 CNRS, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, FR-80037 Amiens, Cedex, France..
    Cousins, Sara A. O.
    Department of Physical Geography and Quaternary Geology, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden.
    Dar, Pervaiz A
    Department of Botany, University of Kashmir, Srinagar – 190006, Jammu & Kashmir, India..
    Diekmann, Martin
    Vegetation Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Ecology, University of Bremen, DE-28359 Bremen, Germany.
    De Frenne, Pieter
    Forest & Nature Lab,Ghent University, BE-9090 Melle Gontrode, Belgium..
    Hermy, Martin
    Division Forest, Nature and Landscape, University of Leuven, BE-3001 Leuven, Belgium.
    Jamoneau, Aurélien
    Plant Biodiversity Lab, FRE 3498 CNRS, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, FR-80037 Amiens, Cedex, France..
    Kolb, Annette
    Vegetation Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Ecology, University of Bremen, DE-28359 Bremen, Germany.
    Lemke, Isgard
    Vegetation Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Ecology, University of Bremen, DE-28359 Bremen, Germany.
    Plue, Jan
    Department of Physical Geography and Quaternary Geology, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden.
    Reshi, Zafar A.
    Department of Botany, University of Kashmir, Srinagar – 190006, Jammu & Kashmir, India..
    Jessen Graae, Bente
    Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Department of Biology, NO-7491 Trondheim, Norway..
    Low genetic diversity despite multipleintroductions of the invasive plant species Impatiens glandulifera in Europe2015In: BMC Genetics, E-ISSN 1471-2156, Vol. 16, no 103Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Background: Invasive species can be a major threat to native biodiversity and the number of invasive plant speciesis increasing across the globe. Population genetic studies of invasive species can provide key insights into theirinvasion history and ensuing evolution, but also for their control. Here we genetically characterise populations ofImpatiens glandulifera, an invasive plant in Europe that can have a major impact on native plant communities. Wecompared populations from the species’ native range in Kashmir, India, to those in its invaded range, along alatitudinal gradient in Europe. For comparison, the results from 39 other studies of genetic diversity in invasivespecies were collated.

    Results: Our results suggest that I. glandulifera was established in the wild in Europe at least twice, from an areaoutside of our Kashmir study area. Our results further revealed that the genetic diversity in invasive populations ofI. glandulifera is unusually low compared to native populations, in particular when compared to other invasivespecies. Genetic drift rather than mutation seems to have played a role in differentiating populations in Europe. Wefind evidence of limitations to local gene flow after introduction to Europe, but somewhat less restrictions in thenative range. I. glandulifera populations with significant inbreeding were only found in the species’ native rangeand invasive species in general showed no increase in inbreeding upon leaving their native ranges. In Europe wedetect cases of migration between distantly located populations. Human activities therefore seem to, at leastpartially, have facilitated not only introductions, but also further spread of I. glandulifera across Europe.

    Conclusions: Although multiple introductions will facilitate the retention of genetic diversity in invasive ranges,widespread invasive species can remain genetically relatively invariant also after multiple introductions. Phenotypicplasticity may therefore be an important component of the successful spread of Impatiens glandulifera across Europe.

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  • 49.
    Hagenblad, Jenny
    et al.
    Lund University, Sweden.
    Nordborg, Magnus
    Lund University, Sweden.
    Sequence Variation and Haplotype Structure Surrounding the Flowering Time Locus FRI in Arabidopsis thaliana2002In: Genetics, ISSN 0016-6731, E-ISSN 1943-2631, Vol. 161, no 1, p. 289-298Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Linkage disequilibrium in highly selfing organisms is expected to extend well beyond the scale of individual genes. The pattern of polymorphism in such species must thus be studied over a larger scale. We sequenced 14 short (0.5-1 kb) fragments from a 400-kb region surrounding the flowering time locus FRI in a sample of 20 accessions of Arabidopsis thaliana. The distribution of allele frequencies, as quantified by Tajima’s D, varies considerably over the region and is incompatible with a standard neutral model. The region is characterized by extensive haplotype structure, with linkage disequilibrium decaying over 250 kb. In particular, recombination is evident within 35 kb of FRI in a haplotype associated with a functionally important allele. This suggests that A. thaliana may be highly suitable for linkage disequilibrium mapping.

  • 50.
    Hagenblad, Jenny
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Biology. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Oliveira, Hugo R
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Biology. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering. CIBIO-Research Centre in Biodiversity and Genetic Resources, Campus Agrário de Vairão. R. Padre Armando Quintas, Vairão, Portugal; Nordiska Museet, Swedish Museum of Cultural History; Stockholm, Sweden.
    Forsberg, Nils E. G.
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Biology. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Leino, Matti W.
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Biology. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering. Nordiska Museet, Swedish Museum of Cultural History, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Geographical distribution of genetic diversity in Secale landrace and wild accessions2016In: BMC Plant Biology, E-ISSN 1471-2229, Vol. 16, no 23Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Background: Rye, Secale cereale L., has historically been a crop of major importance and is still a key cereal in manyparts of Europe. Single populations of cultivated rye have been shown to capture a large proportion of the geneticdiversity present in the species, but the distribution of genetic diversity in subspecies and across geographical areasis largely unknown. Here we explore the structure of genetic diversity in landrace rye and relate it to that of wildand feral relatives.Results: A total of 567 SNPs were analysed in 434 individuals from 76 accessions of wild, feral and cultivated rye. Geneticdiversity was highest in cultivated rye, slightly lower in feral rye taxa and significantly lower in the wild S. strictum Presl.and S. africanum Stapf. Evaluation of effects from ascertainment bias suggests underestimation of diversity primarily inS. strictum and S. africanum. Levels of ascertainment bias, STRUCTURE and principal component analyses all supportedthe proposed classification of S. africanum and S. strictum as a separate species from S. cereale. S. afghanicum (Vav.)Roshev, S. ancestrale Zhuk., S. dighoricum(Vav.) Roshev, S. segetale (Zhuk.) Roshev and S. vavilovii Grossh. seemed, incontrast, to share the same gene pool as S. cereale and their genetic clustering was more dependent on geographicalorigin than taxonomic classification. S. vavilovii was found to be the most likely wild ancestor of cultivated rye. Amongcultivated rye landraces from Europe, Asia and North Africa five geographically discrete genetic clusters were identified.These had only limited overlap with major agro-climatic zones. Slash-and-burn rye from the Finnmark area in Scandinaviaformed a distinct cluster with little similarity to other landrace ryes. Regional studies of Northern and South-West Europedemonstrate different genetic distribution patterns as a result of varying cultivation intensity.Conclusions: With the exception of S. strictum and S. africanum different rye taxa share the majority of the geneticvariation. Due to the vast sharing of genetic diversity within the S. cereale clade, ascertainment bias seems to be a lesserproblem in rye than in predominantly selfing species. By exploiting within accession diversity geographic structure can beshown on a much finer scale than previously reported.

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