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  • 1.
    A. Sani, Negar
    Linköping University, Department of Science and Technology, Physics and Electronics.
    M-PSK and M-QAM Modulation/Demodulation of UWB Signal Using Six-Port Correlator2010Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (Two Years)), 20 credits / 30 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Nowadays high speed and high data rate communication are highly demanded. Consequently, wideband and high frequency transmitter and receivers should be designed. New transmitters and receivers should also have low power consumption, simple design and low manufacturing price in order to fulfill manufacturers’ requests for mass production. Having all above specifications, six-port correlator is a proper choice to be used as modulator and demodulator in transmitters and receivers.

    In this thesis the six-port correlator is introduced, modeled and simulated using Advanced Design System (ADS) software. A simple six-port transmitter/receiver system with a line of sight link is modeled and analyzed in BER, path length and noise terms. The modulation in this system is QAM, frequency is 7.5 GHz and symbol rate is 500 Msymbol/s.

    Furthermore two methods are proposed for high frequency and high symbol rate M-PSK and M-QAM modulation using six-port correlator. The 7.5 GHz modulators are modeled and simulated in ADS. Data streams generated by pseudo random bit generator with 1 GHz bandwidth are applied to modulators. Common source field effect transistors (FETs) with zero bias are used as controllable impedance termination to apply baseband data to modulator. Both modulators show good performance in M-PSK and M-QAM modulation.

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    FULLTEXT01
  • 2.
    Aamir, Syed Ahmed
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Electrical Engineering, Electronics System. Linköping University, The Institute of Technology.
    Wikner, J Jacob
    Linköping University, Department of Electrical Engineering, Electronics System. Linköping University, The Institute of Technology.
    A 1.2-V pseudo-differential OTA with common-mode feedforward in 65-nm CMOS2010In: Proceedings of the 17th IEEE International Conference on Electronics, Circuits, and Systems, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE), 2010, p. 29-32Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    In this work, we describe the implementation of a 1. 2-V pseudo-differential operational transconductance amplifier (OTA) with common-mode feedforward (CMFF) and inher­ent common-mode feedback (CMFB) in a 65-nm, digital CMOS process. The OTA architecture provides an inher­ent CMFB when cascaded OTA structures are utilized andthis work has studied a cascaded amplifier consisting of fourstages. Due to the low-gain using core 65-nm circuit de­vices, the overall gain must be distributed on all four stages to acquire a gain of more than 60 dB, while maintaining a-3-dB bandwidth of 200 MHz. To achieve high gain, we propose using a modified, positive-feedback, cross-coupled input differential stage. The modified OTA achieves a high output swing of ± 0.85 V due to only two stacked transistors, 88 dB DC gain and a third-order harmonic of -60 dB for 800 mVpp at 30 MHz. Further on, in a capacitive buffer configuration, we achieve a high slew rate of 1240 V/µS, -3-dB bandwidth of 509 MHz, signal-to-noise ratio of 63 dB while consuming 10.4 mW power.

  • 3.
    Aamir, Syed Ahmed
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Electrical Engineering, Electronics System. Linköping University, The Institute of Technology.
    Wikner, J Jacob
    Linköping University, Department of Electrical Engineering, Electronics System. Linköping University, The Institute of Technology.
    A 500-MHz low-voltage programmable gain amplifier for HD video in 65-nm CMOS2010In: Proceedings of 28th IEEE Norchip Conference., NORCHIP'10, Tampere: www.ieee.org , 2010, p. 1-4Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    This work describes the implementation of a 1.2-V programmable gain amplifier (PGA) for high-definition (HD) video digitizers in a 65-nm digital CMOS process. The “pseudo” switched-capacitor (SC) PGA architecture buffers the video signal, without switching, during the active video. The SC circuitry is used for setup of DC operating point during horizontal and vertical blanking periods. Additionally, it compensates for the `sync-tip' of analog video signals to an equal blanking level for increased dynamic range to the digitizer following the PGA. The operational transconductance amplifier (OTA) employed as main amplifier in the PGA is a pseudo-differential, positive-feedback input stage architecture with a common-mode feedforward (CMFF) technique. The common-mode feedback (CMFB) is provided once two OTAs are cascaded. Schematic-level simulation results show that the OTA maintains a -3-dB bandwidth of 550 MHz, while keeping the distortion HD3 at -60 dB for a 30-MHz, 850 mVpp high definition video signal. The 88 dB DC gain is distributed among four OTA stages and the overall, combined PGA achieves a signal-to-noise ratio of 63 dB. Due to only two stacked transistors, it achieves high output swing of ±0.85 V, 1240 V/μs slew rate while consuming 10.4 mW power.

  • 4.
    Aasa, Amanda
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Electrical Engineering, Integrated Circuits and Systems.
    Svennblad, Amanda
    Linköping University, Department of Electrical Engineering, Integrated Circuits and Systems.
    Design of an Automated Test Setup for Power-Controlled Nerve Stimulator Using NFC for Implantable Sensors2021Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (Two Years)), 20 credits / 30 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Electrical stimulation on nerves is a relatively new area of research and has been proved to speed up recoveryfrom nerve damage. In this work, the efficiency and stability of antennas integrated on printed circuit boards provided by the department of electrical engineering are examined. An automated test bench containing a stepmotor with a slider and an Arduino is created. Different setups were used when measuring on the boards, which resulted in that the largest antenna gave the most stable output despite the distance between transmitterand receiver. The conclusion was that the second best antenna and the smallest one would be suitable as well,and the better choice if it is to be implemented under the skin. A physical setup consisting of LEDs, an Arduino, a computer, and a function generator was created to examinethe voltage control functionality, where colored LEDs were lit depending on the voltage level. The functionality was then implemented in a circuit that in the future shall be integrated on the printed circuit board. To control high voltages a limiter circuit was examined and implemented. The circuit was simulated and tested, with a realization that a feature covering voltage enlargement is needed for the future. 

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  • 5.
    Abbasi, Muneeb Mehmood
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Science and Technology, Physics and Electronics. Linköping University, The Institute of Technology.
    Jabbar, Mohammad Abdul
    Linköping University, Department of Science and Technology, Physics and Electronics. Linköping University, The Institute of Technology.
    Design and Performance Analysis of Low-Noise Amplifier with Band-Pass Filter for 2.4-2.5 GHz2012Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (Two Years)), 20 credits / 30 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Low power wireless electronics is becoming more popular due to durability, portability and small dimension. Especially, electronic devices in instruments, scientific and medical (ISM) band is convenient from the spectrum regulations and technology availability point of view. In the communication engineering society, to make a robust transceiver is always a matter of challenges for the better performance.

    However, in this thesis work, a new approach of design and performance analysis of Low-Noise Amplifier with Band-Pass filter is performed at 2.45 GHz under the communication electronics research group of Institute of Science and Technology (ITN). Band-Pass Filtered Low-Noise Amplifier is designed with lumped components and transmission lines. Performances of different designs are compared with respect to noise figure, gain, input and output reflection coefficient. In the design process, a single stage LNA is designed with amplifier, ATF-58143. Maximally flat band-pass (BPF) filters were designed with lumped components and distributed elements. Afterwards, BPF is integrated with the LNA at the front side of LNA to get a compact Band-Pass Filtered Low-Noise Amplifier with good performance.

    Advanced Design System (ADS) tool was used for design and simulation, and each design was tuned to get the optimum value for noise figure, gain and input reflection coefficient. LNA stand-alone gives acceptable value of noise figure and gain but the bandwidth was too wide compared to specification. Band-Pass Filtered Low-Noise Amplifier with lumped components gives also considerable values of noise and gain. But the gain was not so flat and the bandwidth was also wide. Then, Band-Pass Filtered Low-Noise Amplifier was designed with transmission lines where the optimum value of noise figure and gain was found. The gain was almost flat over the whole band, i.e., 2.4-2.5 GHz compared to LNA stand-alone and Band-Pass Filtered Low-Noise Amplifier designed with lumped components. It is observed that deviations of results from schematic to layout level are considerable, i.e., electromagnetic simulation is needed to predict the Band-Pass Filtered Low-Noise Amplifier performance.

    Prototype of LNA, Band-Pass Filtered Low-Noise Amplifier with lumped and transmission lines are made at ITN’s PCB laboratory. Due to unavailability of exact values of Murata components and for some other technical reasons, the measured values of Band-Pass Filtered Low-Noise Amplifier with lumped components and transmission lines are deviated compared to predicted values from simulation.

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  • 6.
    Abdollahi Sani, Negar
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Science and Technology, Physics and Electronics. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Wang, Xin
    Acreo Swedish ICT AB, Sweden.
    Granberg, Hjalmar
    INNVENTIA AB, Sweden.
    Andersson Ersman, Peter
    Acreo Swedish ICT AB, Sweden.
    Crispin, Xavier
    Linköping University, Department of Science and Technology, Physics and Electronics. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Dyreklev, Peter
    Acreo Swedish ICT AB, Sweden.
    Engquist, Isak
    Linköping University, Department of Science and Technology, Physics and Electronics. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Gustafsson, Göran
    Acreo Swedish ICT AB, Sweden.
    Berggren, Magnus
    Linköping University, Department of Science and Technology, Physics and Electronics. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Flexible Lamination-Fabricated Ultra-High Frequency Diodes Based on Self-Supporting Semiconducting Composite Film of Silicon Micro-Particles and Nano-Fibrillated Cellulose2016In: Scientific Reports, E-ISSN 2045-2322, Vol. 6, no 28921Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Low cost and flexible devices such as wearable electronics, e-labels and distributed sensors will make the future "internet of things" viable. To power and communicate with such systems, high frequency rectifiers are crucial components. We present a simple method to manufacture flexible diodes, operating at GHz frequencies, based on self-adhesive composite films of silicon micro-particles (Si-mu Ps) and glycerol dispersed in nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC). NFC, Si-mu Ps and glycerol are mixed in a water suspension, forming a self-supporting nanocellulose-silicon composite film after drying. This film is cut and laminated between a flexible pre-patterned Al bottom electrode and a conductive Ni-coated carbon tape top contact. A Schottky junction is established between the Al electrode and the Si-mu Ps. The resulting flexible diodes show current levels on the order of mA for an area of 2 mm(2), a current rectification ratio up to 4 x 10(3) between 1 and 2 V bias and a cut-off frequency of 1.8 GHz. Energy harvesting experiments have been demonstrated using resistors as the load at 900 MHz and 1.8 GHz. The diode stack can be delaminated away from the Al electrode and then later on be transferred and reconfigured to another substrate. This provides us with reconfigurable GHz-operating diode circuits.

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  • 7.
    Abdul Nazar, Mohamed
    Linköping University, Department of Science and Technology, Physics and Electronics. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Design of a Gysel Combiner at 100 MHz2019Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (Two Years)), 20 credits / 30 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    This thesis relates to the design and implementation of a Gysel power combiner consisting of two input ports. The design is implemented using discrete (lumped) components over the conventional transmission line architecture and operates at 100 MHz. Because of the high power requirements for the power combiner, special attention is given to the power handling capabilities of the lumped elements and the other components involved. Simulations of an S-parameter of Gysel power combiner are performed using the Advanced Design System (ADS) from Keysight Technologies. The final design of two-way Gysel power combiner using PCB toroidal inductor was implemented, simulated and optimized at centre frequency of 100 MHz. Satisfactory results were obtained in terms of Insertion loss, Return loss and Port Isolation.

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    Design of a Gysel Combiner at 100 MHz
  • 8.
    Abidin, Aysajan
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Electrical Engineering, Information Coding.
    Larsson, Jan-Åke
    Linköping University, Department of Electrical Engineering, Information Coding.
    New Universal Hash Functions2012In: Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Vol. 7242 / [ed] Frederik Armknecht and Stefan Lucks, Springer Berlin Heidelberg , 2012, p. 99-108Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Universal hash functions are important building blocks for unconditionally secure message authentication codes. In this paper, we present a new construction of a class of Almost Strongly Universal hash functions with much smaller description (or key) length than the Wegman-Carter construction. Unlike some other constructions, our new construction has a very short key length and a security parameter that is independent of the message length, which makes it suitable for authentication in practical applications such as Quantum Cryptography.

  • 9.
    Abrahamsson, Johan
    Linköping University, Department of Science and Technology, Physics and Electronics. Linköping University, The Institute of Technology.
    Loop impedance measurement tool2020Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (Two Years)), 20 credits / 30 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    This master´s thesis presents a prototype of a hand-held measurement tool used to measure the loop impedance of ground loops using two current probes. This tool allows the user to find bad shield connections in a system without disconnecting the shielded cables. The thesis explains the theory behind the measurement method, hardware requirements and design, how the software works and a demonstration of the implemented graphical user interface. The tool is powered by a two-cell lithium-ion battery and has an integrated battery charger with cell balancing.

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  • 10.
    Abrahamsson, Sebastian
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Electrical Engineering.
    Råbe, Markus
    Linköping University, Department of Electrical Engineering.
    An FPGA implementation of a modulator for digital terrestrial television according to the DTMB standard2010Independent thesis Advanced level (professional degree), 20 credits / 30 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    The increasing data rates in digital television networks increase the demands on data capacity of the current transmission channels. Through new standards, the capacity of exisiting channels is increased with new methods of error correction coding and modulation.

    This thesis presents the design and implementation of a modulator for transmission of digital terrestrial television according to the Chinese DTMB standard.

    The system is written in VHDL and is intended for implementation on an FPGA.

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    FULLTEXT01
  • 11.
    Adhikarla, Sridhar
    Linköping University, Department of Computer and Information Science. Linköping University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences.
    Automated Bug Classification.: Bug Report Routing2020Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (Two Years)), 20 credits / 30 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    With the growing software technologies companies tend to develop automated solutions to save time and money. Automated solutions have seen tremendous growth in the software industry and have benefited from extensive machine learning research. Although extensive research has been done in the area of automated bug classification, with the new data being collected, more precise methods are yet to be developed. An automated bug classifier will process the content of the bug report and assign it to the person or department that would fix the problem.

    A bug report typically contains an unstructured text field where the problem is described in detail. A lot of research regarding information extraction from such text fields has been done. This thesis uses a topic modeling technique, Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA), and a numerical statistic Term Frequency - Inverse Document Frequency (TF-IDF), to generate two different features from the unstructured text fields of the bug report. A third set of features was created by concatenating the TF-IDF and the LDA features. The class distribution of the data used in this thesis changes over time. To explore if time has an impact on the prediction, the age of the bug report was introduced as a feature. The importance of this feature, when used along with the LDA and TF-IDF features, was also explored in this thesis.

    These generated feature vectors were used as predictors to train three different classification models; multinomial logistic regression, dense neural networks, and DO-probit. The prediction of the classifiers, for the correct department to handle a bug, was evaluated on the accuracy and the F1-score of the prediction. For comparison, the predictions from a Support Vector Machine (SVM) using a linear kernel was treated as the baseline.

    The best results for the multinomial logistic regression and the dense neural networks classifiers were obtained when the TF-IDF features of the bug reports were used as predictors. Among the three classifiers trained the dense neural network had the best performance, though the classifier was not able to perform better than the SVM baseline. Using age as a feature did not give a significant improvement in the predictive performance of the classifiers, but was able to identify some interesting patterns in the data. Further research on other ways of using the age of the bug reports could be promising.

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    Thesis_sriad858
  • 12.
    Afzal, Nadeem
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Electrical Engineering, Electronics System. Linköping University, The Institute of Technology.
    Wikner, Jacob
    Linköping University, Department of Electrical Engineering, Electronics System. Linköping University, The Institute of Technology.
    A Low-Complexity LMMSE Based Channel Estimation Algorithm for Multiple Standards in Mobile Terminals2010In: Proceedings of the Swedish System On Chip Conference, SSOCC 2010, 2010Conference paper (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    A less complex and generic channel estimation algorithm for long term evolution (LTE) and digital video broadcasting-handheld (DVB-H) downlink standards, is proposed. The technique, here referred to as minimum mean square error sliding window (MSW) technique, obtains less computational complexity than previous mean squared error (MSE) algorithms [3] at the cost of some 0.3 dB less SNR. The computational complexity is decreased by a factor 3 for the LTE 5-MHz downlink case and by 30 for the DVB-H standard case. Simulated results in terms of mean squared error and bit error rates are presented for a quadrature phase-shift keying (QPSK) systems with interleaving and coding of the data. All simulations are done at the behaviolar-level level.

  • 13.
    Afzal, Nadeem
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Electrical Engineering, Electronics System. Linköping University, The Institute of Technology.
    Wikner, Jacob
    Linköping University, Department of Electrical Engineering, Electronics System. Linköping University, The Institute of Technology.
    Study of modified noise-shaper architectures for oversampled sigma-delta DACs2010In: NORCHIP, 2010, IEEE , 2010, p. 1-4Conference paper (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    In this paper, modified low-complex, hybrid architectures for digital, oversampled sigma-delta digital-to-analog converters (ΣΔDACs) are explored in terms of signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and subDAC complexity. The studied techniques illustrate the trade-off in terms of noise-shaper and DAC implementation complexity and loss in SNR. It is found that a fair amount of improvement in SNR is achieved by maintaining low-complexity of noise shaper. The complexity of the subDAC is yet a parameter, directly related to the number of output bits from the noise shaper. Two different architectures are investigated with respect to subDAC complexity and noise shaper complexity. It is shown that the required number of DAC unit elements (DUE) can be reduced to half.

  • 14.
    Aghaee Ghaleshahi, Nima
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Computer and Information Science, Software and Systems. Linköping University, The Institute of Technology.
    Peng, Zebo
    Linköping University, Department of Computer and Information Science, Software and Systems. Linköping University, The Institute of Technology.
    Eles, Petru
    Linköping University, Department of Computer and Information Science, Software and Systems. Linköping University, The Institute of Technology.
    An Integrated Temperature-Cycling Acceleration and Test Technique for 3D Stacked ICs2015In: 20th Asia and South Pacific Design Automation Conference (ASP-DAC 2015), Chiba/Tokyo, Japan, Jan. 19-22, 2015., Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE), 2015, p. 526-531Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    In a modern 3D IC, electrical connections between vertically stacked dies are made using through silicon vias. Through silicon vias are subject to undesirable early-life effects such as protrusion as well as void formation and growth. These effects result in opens, resistive opens, and stress induced carrier mobility reduction, and consequently circuit failures. Operating the ICs under extreme temperature cycling can effectively accelerate such early-life failures and make them detectable at the manufacturing test process. An integrated temperature-cycling acceleration and test technique is introduced in this paper that integrates a temperature-cycling acceleration procedure with pre-, mid-, and post-bond tests for 3D ICs. Moreover, it reduces the need for costly temperature chamber based temperature-cycling acceleration procedures. All these result in a reduction in the overall test costs. The proposed method is a schedule-based solution that creates the required temperature cycling effect along with performing the tests. Experimental results demonstrate its efficiency.

  • 15.
    Aghazadeh, S. R.
    et al.
    Univ Politecn Catalunya BarcelonaTech UPC, Spain.
    Martinez-Garcia, H.
    Univ Politecn Catalunya BarcelonaTech UPC, Spain.
    Barajas-Ojeda, E.
    Univ Politecn Catalunya BarcelonaTech UPC, Spain.
    Saberkari, Alireza
    Linköping University, Department of Electrical Engineering, Integrated Circuits and Systems. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    A 3-5-GHz, 385-540-ps CMOS true time delay element for ultra-wideband antenna arrays2022In: AEU - International Journal of Electronics and Communications, ISSN 1434-8411, E-ISSN 1618-0399, Vol. 149, article id 154175Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    This paper proposes an all-pass filter-based true time delay (TTD) element covering a 3-5-GHz ultra-wideband (UWB) frequency. The proposed TTD element designed in a standard 0.18-mu m CMOS technology achieves a tunable delay range of 385-540 ps with 6-ps delay steps and maximum 11% absolute delay error over a 3-5-GHz frequency band. It exhibits an average 3.6-4.6-dB noise figure (NF) within the whole bandwidth. A four-channel beamforming receiver realized by the proposed TTD element is designed and examined in this paper, as well. With the maximum delay of 540 ps and 6-ps average delay resolution, a maximum steering angle of +/- 45 degrees with 5 degrees (18 steps) steering resolution is demonstrated for the beamforming receiver with 2-cm antenna spacing.

  • 16.
    Aghel Dawood, Menhel
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Science and Technology, Physics and Electronics. Linköping University, The Institute of Technology.
    Obradovic, Dragan
    Linköping University, Department of Science and Technology, Physics and Electronics. Linköping University, The Institute of Technology.
    Guidelines for control equipment2013Independent thesis Basic level (professional degree), 20 credits / 30 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [sv]

    Detta examensarbete är utfört på ABB LV System som är en del av företaget ABB i Sverige. Detta är ett företag som bygger kontrollutrustning till kunder som befinner sig i många delar av världen. Vår uppgift var att sätta samman en pärm med riktlinjer för montörerna.

    Pärmen ska vara lättläst och samtidigt innehålla alla standarder samt viktig fakta som kan behövas vid byggandet av kontrollutrustning.

    Riktlinjerna som framställts ledde till att montörerna blev bättre uppdaterade om de senaste riktlinjerna och standarder som leder idag. Tack vara att montörerna nu har allt samlat i en lättläslig pärm blir ledtiderna kortare.

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  • 17.
    Ahlström, Per
    Linköping University, Department of Electrical Engineering. Linköping University, The Institute of Technology.
    Signalprediktering i vitt gaussiskt brus med hjälp av ett adaptivt signalanpassat filter1976Report (Other academic)
    Abstract [sv]

    Ett signalanpassat filter har ett impulssvar som är den exiterandesignalens spegelbild . Ett dylikt filter maximerar vid en viss tidpunkt signalbrusförhållandet på utgången.

    Ett adaptivt transversalfilter styrt av en gradientkännande algoritm, vilken maximerar signalbrusförhållandet på filterutgången, har studerats. Det spegelvända impulssvaret har använts som prediktion av signalen. Denna prediktion har, vid simulering gjord på dator, ej visat sig vara bättre än en klassisk prediktion med en ren summering av brusstörda upplagor av signalen. Inte ens då dylika summerade upplagor av den brusstörda signalenanvänts som insignal till filtret har signalprediktionen via filtrets impulssvar uppvisat ett lägre kvadratiskt medelfel än d en klassiska.

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    Signalprediktering i vitt gaussiskt brus med hjälp av ett adaptivt signalanpassat filter
  • 18.
    Ahmed, Tanvir
    Linköping University, Department of Electrical Engineering, Electronics System.
    High Level Model of IEEE 802.15.3c Standard and Implementation of a Suitable FFT on ASIC2011Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (Two Years)), 20 credits / 30 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    A high level model of HSIPHY mode of IEEE 802.15.3c standard has been constructedin Matlab to optimize the wordlength to achieve a specific bit error rate (BER) depending on the application, and later an FFT has been implemented for different wordlengths depending on the applications. The hardware cost and power is proportional to wordlength. However, the main objective of this thesis has been to implement a low power, low area cost FFT for this standard. For that the whole system has been modeled in Matlab and the signal to noise ratio (SNR) and wordlength of the system have been studied to achieve an acceptable BER. Later an FFT has been implemented on 65nm ASIC for a wordlength of 8, 12 and 16 bits. For the implementation, a Radix-8 algorithm with eight parallel samples has been adopted. That reduce the area and the power consumption significantly compared to other algorithms and architectures. Moreover, a simple control has been used for this implementation. Voltage scaling has been done to reduce thepower. The EDA synthesis result shows that for 16bit wordlength, the FFT has 2.64 GS/s throughput, it takes 1.439 mm2 area on the chip and consume 61.51mW power.

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  • 19.
    Ainouz, Filip
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Electrical Engineering.
    Vedholm, Jonas
    Linköping University, Department of Electrical Engineering.
    Mean Value Model of the Gas Temperature at the Exhaust Valve2009Independent thesis Advanced level (professional degree), 20 credits / 30 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Over the years many investigations of the gas temperature at the exhaust valve have been made. Nevertheless the modeling of the gas temperature still remains an unsolved problem. This master thesis approaches the problem by attempting to model the exhaust gas temperature by using the standard sensors equipped in SI engines, together with an in-cylinder pressure sensor which is needed in order to develop certain models. The concept in the master thesis is based upon a parameterization of the ideal Otto cycle with tuning parameters which all have physical meanings. Input variables required for the parameterization model is obtained from a fix point iteration method. This method was developed in order to improve the estimates of residual gas fraction, residual gas temperature and variables dependent of those, such as temperature at intake valve closing. The mean value model of the temperature, at the exhaust valve, is based upon the assumption of the ideal gas law, and that the burned gases undergoe a polytropic expansion into the exhaust manifold. Input variables to the entire model are intake manifold pressure, exhaust manifold pressure, intake manifold temperature, engine speed, air mass flow, cylinder pressure, air-to-fuel equivalence ratio, volume, and ignition timing. A useful aspect with modeling the exhaust gas temperature is the possibility to implement it in turbo modeling. By modeling the exhaust gas temperature the control of the turbo can be enhanced, due to the fact that energy is temperature dependent. Another useful aspect with the project is that the model can be utilized in diagnostics, to avoid hardware redundency in the creation of the desired residuals.

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    FULLTEXT01
  • 20.
    Aizad, Noor
    Linköping University, Department of Electrical Engineering.
    Design and implementation of comparator for sigma delta modulator2006Independent thesis Basic level (professional degree), 20 points / 30 hpStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Comparator is the main building block in an ADC architecture. Main purpose of the comparator is to compare a signal with a reference signal and produce an output depending on whether the input signal is greater or smaller than reference. Many architectures for comparators exist for various purposes. In this thesis, Latched comparator architecture is used for sigma delta modulator. This particular design has two main characteristics that are very important for sigma delta application. First characteristic is the cancellation of memory effect which increases the speed and reliability of the system and the second is, with this architecture, high sensitivity can be achieved.

    The design and implementation of lathed comparator for sigma delta modulator is presented in this thesis work. Various non-linearities and performance parameters are discussed in detail. Practical implementation and circuit design issues are highlighted to achieve maximum sensitivity along with reasonable speed and accuracy.

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  • 21.
    Al Kadi Jazairli, Mohamad
    Linköping University, Department of Science and Technology.
    Growth of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles on Top of Polymers and Organic Small Molecules as a Transparent Cathode in Tandem Photovoltaic Device2008Independent thesis Basic level (professional degree), 20 credits / 30 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Organic solar cells have caught considerable attention in the past few years due to their potential for providing environmentally safe, flexible, lightweight, inexpensive, and roll-to-roll feasible production solar cells. However, the efficiency achieved in current organic solar cells is quite low, yet quick and successive improvements render it as a promising alternative. A hopeful approach to improve the efficiency is by exploiting the tandem concept which consists of stacking two or more organic solar cells in series.

    One important constituent in tandem solar cells is the middle electrode layer which is transparent and functions as a cathode for the first cell and an anode for the second cell. Most studies done so far have employed noble metals such as gold or silver as the middle electrode layer; however, they suffered from several shortcomings especially with respect to reproducibility.

    This thesis focuses on studying a new trend which employs an oxide material based on nano-particles as a transparent cathode (such as Zinc-oxide-nano-particles) along with a transparent anode so as to replace the middle electrode.

    Thus, this work presents a study on solution processable zinc oxide (ZnO) nanostructures, their proper handling techniques, and their potential as a middle electrode material in Tandem solar cells in many different configurations involving both polymer and small molecule materials. Moreover, the ZnO-np potential as a candidate for acceptor material is also investigated.

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  • 22.
    Alam, Syed Asad
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Electrical Engineering, Electronics System. Linköping University, The Institute of Technology.
    Gustafsson, Oscar
    Linköping University, Department of Electrical Engineering, Electronics System. Linköping University, The Institute of Technology.
    Implementation of Time-Multiplexed Sparse Periodic FIR Filters for FRM on FPGAs2011Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Frequency-response masking (FRM) is a set of techniques for lowering the computational complexity of narrow transition band FIR filters. These FRM use a combination of sparse periodic filters and non-sparse filters. In this work we consider the implementation of these filters in a time-multiplexed manner on FPGAs. It is shown that the proposed architectures produce lower complexity realizations compared to the vendor provided IP blocks, which do not take the sparseness into consideration. The designs are implemented on a Virtex-6 device utilizing the built-in DSP blocks.

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    Implementation of Time-Multiplexed Sparse Periodic FIR Filters for FRM on FPGAs
  • 23.
    Albani, Giorgia
    et al.
    University of Milano Bicocca, Italy; Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Italy.
    Perelli Cippo, Enrico
    CNR, Italy.
    Croci, Gabriele
    University of Milano Bicocca, Italy; Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Italy.
    Muraro, Andrea
    CNR, Italy.
    Schooneveld, Erik
    Rutherford Appleton Lab, England.
    Scherillo, Antonella
    Rutherford Appleton Lab, England.
    Hall-Wilton, Richard
    European Spallat Source ERIC, Sweden; Mittuniversitetet, Sweden.
    Kanaki, Kalliopi
    European Spallat Source ERIC, Sweden.
    Höglund, Carina
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering. European Spallat Source ERIC, Sweden.
    Hultman, Lars
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Thin Film Physics. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Birch, Jens
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Thin Film Physics. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Claps, Gerardo
    Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Italy.
    Murtas, Fabrizio
    Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Italy.
    Rebai, Marica
    University of Milano Bicocca, Italy; Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Italy.
    Tardocchi, Marco
    CNR, Italy.
    Gorini, Giuseppe
    University of Milano Bicocca, Italy; CNR, Italy; Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Italy.
    Evolution in boron-based GEM detectors for diffraction measurements: from planar to 3D converters2016In: Measurement science and technology, ISSN 0957-0233, E-ISSN 1361-6501, Vol. 27, no 11, article id 115902Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The so-called He-3-crisis has motivated the neutron detector community to undertake an intense Ramp;D programme in order to develop technologies alternative to standard He-3 tubes and suitable for neutron detection systems in future spallation sources such as the European spallation source (ESS). Boron-based GEM (gas electron multiplier) detectors are a promising He-3-free technology for thermal neutron detection in neutron scattering experiments. In this paper the evolution of boron-based GEM detectors from planar to 3D converters with an application in diffraction measurements is presented. The use of 3D converters coupled with GEMs allows for an optimization of the detector performances. Three different detectors were used for diffraction measurements on the INES instrument at the ISIS spallation source. The performances of the GEM-detectors are compared with those of conventional He-3 tubes installed on the INES instrument. The conceptual detector with the 3D converter used in this paper reached a count rate per unit area of about 25% relative to the currently installed He-3 tube. Its timing resolution is similar and the signal-to-background ratio (S/B) is 2 times lower.

  • 24.
    Alene Asres, Georgies
    et al.
    University of Oulu, Finland.
    Dombovari, Aron
    University of Oulu, Finland.
    Sipola, Teemu
    University of Oulu, Finland.
    Puskas, Robert
    University of Szeged, Hungary.
    Kukovecz, Akos
    University of Szeged, Hungary; MTA SZTE Lendulet Porous Nanocomposites Research Grp, Hungary.
    Konya, Zoltan
    University of Szeged, Hungary; MTA SZTE React Kinet and Surface Chemistry Research Grp, Hungary.
    Popov, Alexey
    University of Oulu, Finland.
    Lin, Jhih-Fong
    University of Oulu, Finland.
    Lorite, Gabriela S.
    University of Oulu, Finland.
    Mohl, Melinda
    University of Oulu, Finland.
    Toth, Geza
    University of Oulu, Finland.
    Lloyd Spetz, Anita
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Applied Sensor Science. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering. University of Oulu, Finland.
    Kordas, Krisztian
    University of Oulu, Finland.
    A novel WS2 nanowire-nanoflake hybrid material synthesized from WO3 nanowires in sulfur vapor2016In: Scientific Reports, E-ISSN 2045-2322, Vol. 6, no 25610Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    In this work, WS2 nanowire-nanoflake hybrids are synthesized by the sulfurization of hydrothermally grown WO3 nanowires. The influence of temperature on the formation of products is optimized to grow WS2 nanowires covered with nanoflakes. Current-voltage and resistance-temperature measurements carried out on random networks of the nanostructures show nonlinear characteristics and negative temperature coefficient of resistance indicating that the hybrids are of semiconducting nature. Bottom gated field effect transistor structures based on random networks of the hybrids show only minor modulation of the channel conductance upon applied gate voltage, which indicates poor electrical transport between the nanowires in the random films. On the other hand, the photo response of channel current holds promise for cost-efficient solution process fabrication of photodetector devices working in the visible spectral range.

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  • 25.
    Alfredsson, Jon
    Linköping University, Department of Electrical Engineering.
    Design of a parallel A/D converter system on PCB: For high-speed sampling and timing error correction2002Independent thesis Basic level (professional degree)Student thesis
    Abstract [en]

    The goals for most of today’s receiver system are sampling at high-speed, with high resolution and with as few errors as possible. This master thesis describes the design of a high-speed sampling system with"state-of-the-art"components available on the market. The system is designed with a parallel Analog-to-digital converter (ADC) architecture, also called time interleaving. It aims to increase the sampling speed of the system. The system described in this report uses four 12-bits ADCs in parallel. Each ADC can sample at 125 MHz and the total sampling speed will then theoretically become 500 Ms/s. The system has been implemented and manufactured on a printed circuit board (PCB). Up to four boards can be connected in parallel to get 2 Gs/s theoretically.

    In an approach to increase the systems performance even further, a timing error estimation algorithm will be used on the sampled data. This algorithm estimates the timing errors that occur when sampling with non-uniform time interval between samples. After the estimations, the sampling clocks can be adjusted to correct the errors.

    This thesis is concerning some ADC theory, system design and PCB implementation. It also describes how to test and measure the system’s performance. No measurement results are presented in this thesis because measurements will be done after this project. The last part of the thesis discusses future improvementsto achieve even higher performance.

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  • 26.
    Alfredsson, Sandra
    Linköping University, Department of Electrical Engineering, Vehicular Systems.
    Model Based Diagnosis of an Air Source Heat Pump2011Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (Two Years)), 20 credits / 30 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    The purpose of a heat pump is to control the temperature of an enclosed space. This is done by using heat exchange with a heat source, for example water, air, or ground. In the air source heat pump that has been studied during this master thesis, a refrigerant exchanges heat with the outdoor air and with a water distribution system.

    The heat pump is controlled through the circuit containing the refrigerant and it is therefore crucial that this circuit is functional. To ensure this, a diagnosis system has been created, to be able to detect and isolate sensor errors. The diagnosis system is based on mathematical models of the refrigerant circuit with its main components: a compressor, an expansion valve, a plate heat exchanger, an air heat exchanger, and a four-way valve. Data has been collected from temperature- and pressure sensors on an air source heat pump. The data has then been divided into data for model estimation and data for model validation. The models are used to create test quantities, which in turn are used by a diagnosis algorithm to determine whether an error has occurred or not.

    There are nine temperature sensors and two pressure sensors on the studied air source heat pump. Four fault modes have been investigated for each sensor: Stuck, Offset, Short circuit and Open circuit. The designed diagnosis system is able to detect all of the investigated error modes and isolate 40 out of 44 single errors. However, there is room for improvement by constructing more test quantities to detect errors and decouple more fault modes. To further develop the diagnosis system, the existing models can be improved and new models can be created.

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  • 27.
    Ali Shah, Syed Asmat
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Electrical Engineering, Electronics System. Linköping University, The Institute of Technology.
    Qazi, Sohaib Ayaz
    Linköping University, Department of Electrical Engineering, Electronics System. Linköping University, The Institute of Technology.
    Design of an all-digital, reconfigurable sigma-deltamodulator2012Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (Two Years)), 20 credits / 30 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    This thesis presents a model of reconfigurable sigma-delta modulator. These modulators areintended for high speed digital Digital to Analog Converters. The modulators are intendedto reduce complexity of current steering DACs and also considered as a front end of dataconverters. Quantization noise present in digital signal is pushed to higher frequencies bysigma-delta modulators. Noise in high band frequencies can be removed by a low pass filter.

    A test methodology involving generation of baseband signal, interpolation and digitizationis opted. Topologies tested in MATLAB® include signal feedback and error feedback modelsof first-order and second-order sigma-delta modulators. Error feedback and signal feedbackfirst-order modulators’ performance is quite similar. The SNR of a first-order error feedbackmodel is 52.3 dB and 55.9 dB for 1 and 2 quantization bits, respectively. In second-orderSDM, signal feedback provides best performance with 80 dB SNR.

    The other part of the thesis focuses on the implementation of the sigma-delta modulator(SDM) using faster time to market approach. SoC Encounter, a tool from Cadence, is theeasiest way to do this job. The modulators are implemented in 65-nm technology. The reconfigurablesigma-delta modulator is designed using Verilog-HDL language. Switches areintroduced to control the reconfigurable SDM for different input word lengths. Word-lengthcan vary from 0 to 4 bits. Modulator is designed to work for frequencies of 2 GHz. To netlistthe design, Design Compiler is used which is a tool from Synopsys®.

    The area of the chip reported by design compiler is 563.68 um. When the design is implementedin SoC Encounter, area of the chip is increased, because the core utilization, whiledesigning, is only 60%, which is 556.8 um. Remaining 40% area is used by buffers, inverterand filler cells during clock tree synthesis. The buffers and inverters are added to removethe clock phase delay between different registers. Power consumption of the chip is 319mW.Internal power of the modulators is 219.1 mW. Switching power of output capacitances is99.9 mW, which is 31% of the total power consumed. Main concern of the power loss isconsidered to be power leakage. To reduce the leakage power and achieve high speed designCORE65GPHVT libraries are used. Leakage power of the design is 2.825 uW which is0.00088% of the total power.

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  • 28.
    Almfors, Johan
    Linköping University, Department of Electrical Engineering.
    A Pre-study in Programmable Logic for use in fast Trigger Based Data Communication2005Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 points / 15 hpStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    This Bachelor thesis is a pre-study of the possibilities of using programmable logic in the purpose to enable fast trigger based data communication. Triggerbased data communication is in this case referred to a context where the processed data is stored and examined so when the trig situation appears the data should be able read out to a computer for evaluating. The purpose of this thesis is to find difficult and time consuming elements but also to find elements that is well suited for implementation in programmable logic. The work should also support further development and verification of trig functionalities and additional hardware. This with the intent of constructing an Ethernet based oscilloscope.

    The result of this thesis is a conclusion that programmable logic is well suited for many of the implemented logic function

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  • 29.
    Almquist, Tobias
    Linköping University, Department of Electrical Engineering.
    Layout-generator för sifferseriell tvåportsadaptor2002Independent thesis Basic level (professional degree)Student thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Digit serial arithmetics uses a number of parallel bits in each digit. To compare performance and power consumption relative the number of bits, the Department of Electric Engineering (ISY) needed a layout generator to generate layout for a digit serial two-port adaptor. The layout should be done in 0.18 micrometer process. The number of bits of the incoming data and the number of bits of the coefficient should be variable. Great concern was put in the planning of the layout to make the generation of the adaptor work well independent of the parameters. Code was written to connect the layout instances and to simplify the adaptor.

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  • 30.
    Almén, Marcus
    Linköping University, Department of Electrical Engineering, Vehicular Systems.
    Driver Model for Mission-Based Driving Cycles2017Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (Two Years)), 20 credits / 30 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    When further demands are placed on emissions and performance of cars, trucks and busses, the vehicle manufacturers are looking to have cheap ways to evaluate their products for specific customers' needs. Using simulation tools to quickly compare use cases instead of manually recording data is a possible way forward. However, existing traffic simulation tools do not provide enough detail in each vehicle for the driving to represent real life driving patterns with regards to road features.

    For the purpose of this thesis data has been recorded by having different people drive a specific route featuring highway driving, traffic lights and many curves. Using this data, models have then been estimated that describe how human drivers adjust their speed through curves, how long braking distances typically are with respect to the driving speed, and the varying deceleration during braking sequences. An additional model has also been created that produces a speed variation when driving on highways. In the end all models are implemented in Matlab using a traffic control interface to interact with the traffic simulation tool SUMO.

    The results of this work are promising with the improved simulation being able to replicate the most significant characteristics seen from human drivers when approaching curves, traffic lights and intersections.

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  • 31.
    Almér, Louise
    Linköping University, Department of Electrical Engineering, Information Coding.
    Evaluation of the Perceived Speech Quality for G729D and Opus: With Different Network Scenarios and an Implemented VoIP Application2022Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (Two Years)), 20 credits / 30 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Communication has always been a vital part of our society, and day-to-day communication is increasingly becoming more digital. VoIP (voice over IP) is used for real-time communication, and to be able to send the information over the internet must the speech be compressed to lower the number of bits needed for transmission. Codecs are used to compress the speech, or any other type of data transmitting over a network, which can introduce some noise if lossy compression is used. Depending on the bandwidth, bit rate, and codec used can distortion be minimized which would result in higher perceived speech quality.

    In the thesis, two codecs, G729D and Opus, were tested and evaluated with two different objective perceive speech quality metrics, POLQA and PESQ. The codecs were also tested with different emulated network scenarios, 2G, 3G, 4G, satellite two-hop, and LAN. Furthermore, Opus was tested with and without VAD (voice activity detection) to see how VAD could affect the perceived speech quality. The different network scenarios did not impact the results of the evaluation, since the main difference between the network scenarios was latency, which POLQA and PESQ do not consider in the evaluation. Opus achieved a higher MOS-LQO (mean opinion score listening quality objective) than G729D. However, when VAD was enabled with Opus for a low bit rate, 8 kbit/s, the MOS-LQO was lower than without VAD. 

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  • 32.
    Alner, Klas
    Linköping University, Department of Electrical Engineering.
    Layoutgenerator för en multiplikator i "overturned stairs" trädstruktur2003Independent thesis Basic level (professional degree)Student thesis
    Abstract [sv]

    Multiplikatorer används ofta som ett byggblock vid konstruktion av kretsar som digitala filter, FFT-processorer och aritmetiska enheter. Olika trädstrukturer används i"höghastighet"applikationer för multiplikatorer. En typ av träd,"overturned-stairs"(OS) som är ett adderarträd av första ordningen har uppvisat lika optimal prestanda med avseende på hastighet som Wallace-träd, vid 18 eller färre ingångar. I moderna integrerade kretsar, ger ledningar och kopplingar upphov till fördröjningar och parasitiska laster. I en jämförelse mellan Wallace-träd, och OS1-träd har det sistnämda kortare och mindre komplicerad ledningsdragningar och är därför mer ändamålsenlig för VLSI implementationer.

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  • 33.
    Alonso, Fabiola
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Biomedical Instrumentation. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Hemm-Ode, Simone
    Linköping University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Biomedical Instrumentation. Linköping University, The Institute of Technology. University of Applied Sciences and Arts Northwestern Switzerland.
    Wårdell, Karin
    Linköping University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Biomedical Instrumentation. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Influence on Deep Brain Stimulation from Lead Design, Operating Mode and Tissue Impedance Changes – A Simulation Study2015In: Brain Disorders and Therapy, ISSN 2168-975X, Vol. 4, no 3, article id 1000169Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Background: Deep brain stimulation (DBS) systems in current mode and new lead designs are recently available. To switch between DBS-systems remains complicated as clinicians may lose their reference for programming. Simulations can help increase the understanding.

    Objective: To quantitatively investigate the electric field (EF) around two lead designs simulated to operate in voltage and current mode under two time points following implantation.

    Methods: The finite element method was used to model Lead 3389 (Medtronic) and 6148 (St Jude) with homogenous surrounding grey matter and a peri-electrode space (PES) of 250 μm. The PES-impedance mimicked the acute (extracellular fluid) and chronic (fibrous tissue) time-point. Simulations at different amplitudes of voltage and current (n=236) were performed using two different contacts. Equivalent current amplitudes were extracted by matching the shape and maximum EF of the 0.2 V/mm isolevel.

    Results: The maximum EF extension at 0.2 V/mm varied between 2-5 mm with a small difference between the leads. In voltage mode EF increased about 1 mm at acute compared to the chronic PES. Current mode presented the opposite relationship. Equivalent EFs for lead 3389 at 3 V were found for 7 mA (acute) and 2.2 mA (chronic).

    Conclusions: Simulations showed a major impact on the electric field extension between postoperative time points. This may explain the clinical decisions to reprogram the amplitude weeks after implantation. Neither the EF extension nor intensity is considerably influenced by the lead design.

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  • 34.
    Alonso, Javier
    Linköping University, Department of Electrical Engineering.
    M.I.M.O Channel Model for High Capacity Wireless Networks and Simulator for Performance Analysis2006Student paper first term, 20 points / 30 hpStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    The wireless communications have suffered, in these last years, one of the greater technological growth within the communications via radio. The application of multiple antennas, as much in transmission as in reception has taken to an impulse of the study of different models from propagation channels.

    Taking this into consideration, the different types from mentioned models are going to be studied.

    The work that the ISY department at the Institute of Technology of the Linköping University has proposed is to develop to a propagation channel model, with several antennas in reception and transmission, that one first approach allows a capacity of the channel study, in absence of measures of possible scenarios, as well as the development of a small simulator that allows to analyze its benefits.

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  • 35.
    Alshebly, Wisam
    et al.
    Minist Oil, Iraq.
    Shalchian, Majid
    Amirkabir Univ Technol, Iran.
    Shafizadeh, Danial
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Semiconductor Materials. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Chalechale, Amirali
    Amirkabir Univ Technol, Iran.
    Jazaeri, Farzan
    Ecole Polytech Fed Lausanne, Switzerland.
    Transcapacitances Modeling in ultra-thin gate-all-around junctionless nanowire FETs, including 2D quantum confinement2023In: Solid-State Electronics, ISSN 0038-1101, E-ISSN 1879-2405, Vol. 200, article id 108544Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    In this work, we propose an analytical model for the intrinsic transcapacitances in ultra-thin gate-all-around junctionless nanowire field effect transistors in the presence of confined energy states of electrons. The validity of the developed model is confirmed from deep depletion to accumulation and from linear to saturation, based on the numerical solution of the Schrodinger equation using Technology Computer Aided Design (TCAD) simulations. This represents an important stage toward AC small signal analysis of junctionless nanowire-based circuits.

  • 36.
    Altaf, Amjad
    Linköping University, Department of Electrical Engineering.
    Design of Millimeter-wave SiGe Frequency Doubler and Output Buffer for Automotive Radar Applications2007Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Magister), 20 points / 30 hpStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Automotive Radars have introduced various functions on automobiles for driver’s safety and comfort, as part of the Intelligent Transportation System (ITS) including Adaptive Cruise Control (ACC), collision warning or avoidance, blind spot surveillance and parking assistance. Although such radar systems with 24 GHz carrier frequency are already in use but due to some regulatory issues, recently a permanent band has been allocated at 77-81 GHz, allowing for long-term development of the radar service. In fact, switchover to the new band is mandatory by 2014.

    A frequency multiplier will be one of the key components for such a millimeter wave automotive radar system because there are limitations in direct implementation of low phase noise oscillators at high frequencies. A practical way to build a cost-effective and stable source at higher frequency is to use an active multiplier preceded by a high spectral purity VCO operating at a lower frequency. Recent improvements in the performance of SiGe technology allow the silicon microelectronics to advance into areas previously restricted to compound semiconductor devices and make it a strong competitor for automotive radar applications at 79 GHz.

    This thesis presents the design of active frequency doubler circuits at 20 GHz in a commercially available SiGe BiCMOS technology and at 40GHz in SiGe bipolar technology (Infineon-B7h200 design). Buffer/amplifier circuits are included at output stages to drive 50 Ω load. The frequency doubler at 20 GHz is based on an emitter-coupled pair operating in class-B configuration at 1.8 V supply voltage. Pre-layout simulations show its conversion gain of 10 dB at -5 dBm input, fundamental suppression of 25dB and NF of 12dB. Input and output impedance matching networks are designed to match 50 Ω at both sides.

    The millimeter wave frequency doubler is designed for 5 V supply voltage and has the Gilbert cell-based differential architecture where both RF and LO ports are tied together to act as a frequency doubler. Both pre-layout and post-layout simulation results are presented and compared together. The extracted circuit has a conversion gain of 8 dB at -8 dB input, fundamental suppression of 20 dB, NF of 12 dB and it consumes 42 mA current from supply. The layout occupies an area of 0.12 mm2 without pads and baluns at both input and output ports. The frequency multiplier circuits have been designed using Cadence Design Tool.

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  • 37.
    Alvandpour, Atila
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Measurement Technology, Biology and Chemistry. Linköping University, The Institute of Technology.
    Power Estimation and Low Power CMOS Circuit Techniques1999Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    The increasing power consumption due to the high integration rate of VLSI digital CMOS circuits has become a major concern. Many important design issues and parameters are strongly dependent on the power dissipation and the accuracy of its estimated value during the design exploration. Among these issues we identify particularly the operation time per battery pack, the computational capacity and performance of the mobile electronic products, as well as more general aspects such as circuit reliability, cost for packaging and power supplies. In this thesis, some issues on power estimation and development of low-power circuit techniques, aimed for medium and high speed operations, are addressed.

    The complex impact of Miller capacitance on power and performance of digital CMOS circuits is investigated. Significant enhancements in characterization and modeling of the Miller effects compared to the existing conclusions, which are based on simplified rules, are achieved.

    A novel estimation technique for the relatively involved average short-circuit power consumption has been developed. Compared to the existing, time-consuming technique, the proposed technique provides a fast estimation with a reasonable accuracy, and has a potential to be used for real measurement.

    A significant portion of the total power consumption in VLSI circuits is due to the capacitance of the interconnections, however, estimating the interconnect length and its RC property at early stages in a large-scale top-down design flow is a hard task. Existing, simplified interconnection length estimation techniques are unacceptably inaccurate and unable to give a useful feedback during the design verification and simulation.

    A new design-sensitive interconnection length estimation technique and a corresponding algorithm has been developed. The technique has the unique quality to estimate the length of each interconnection separately, and therefore detects and localizes most of the potentially long interconnects. The result of the estimation can directly be used to add the important RC properties of the interconnects to the power estimators or circuit simulators, consequently yielding a significant increase in estimation accuracy.

    An investigation on generic low-power circuit techniques aimed for main-stream design styles has been made and various suggestions are proposed. The result has later been used to adapt the design of cell libraries to low power requirements.

    High fan-in dynamic gates can result in lower power consumption, fewer logic levels and very compact layout. Two major disadvantages, which reduce the practical use of such wide gates, are the relatively long propagation delay and the large leakage currents, which are due to the increasing subthreshold current in today's and future submicron devices. For speeding up the wide gates, new and simple sensing elements are proposed, which results in faster gates and lower power consumption compared to the alternative solutions. The issues related to large subthreshold leakage currents is also addressed and a leakage-tolerant multi-phase keeper circuit is presented. The new keeper holds the dynamic output of the wide domino gates statically, with a greater driving strength than that in the conventional solution. Furthermore, an increase in robustness is achieved without any significant delay penalty.

    Large capacitive loads resulting from long on-chip interconnects and the corresponding driver-receiver circuits can consume a significant portion of the total power consumption of a CMOS chip. A low-power, high-speed and robust driver-receiver circuit is proposed. The new bus architecture utilizes a precharge-to-low interconnect and a fast and simple level converter as receiver, which together reduce the power consumption up to 70% below that of a conventional precharged bus architecture without any delay penalty.

    List of papers
    1. Impact of Miller Capacitance on Power Consumption
    Open this publication in new window or tab >>Impact of Miller Capacitance on Power Consumption
    1998 (English)In: In proceedings of: International Workshop on Power and Timing Modeling, Optimization and Simulation, PATMOS, 1998, p. 83-92Conference paper, Published paper (Refereed)
    National Category
    Engineering and Technology
    Identifiers
    urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-54107 (URN)
    Available from: 2010-02-23 Created: 2010-02-23 Last updated: 2022-05-04
    2. Separation and Extraction of Short-Circuit Power Consumption in Digital CMOS VLSI Circuits
    Open this publication in new window or tab >>Separation and Extraction of Short-Circuit Power Consumption in Digital CMOS VLSI Circuits
    1998 (English)In: ISLPED '98 Proceedings of the 1998 international symposium on Low power electronics and design, 1998, p. 245-249Conference paper, Published paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    In this paper, we present a new technique which indirectly separates and extracts the total short-circuit power consumption of digital CMOS circuits. We avoid a direct encounter with the complex behavior of the short-circuit currents. Instead, we separate the dynamic power consumption from the total power and extract the total short-circuit power. The technique is based on two facts: first, the short-circuit power consumption disappears at a Vdd close to VT and, secondly, the total capacitance depends on supply voltage in a sufficiently weak way in standard CMOS circuits. Hence, the total effective capacitance can be estimated at a low Vdd. To avoid reducing Vdd below the specified forbidden level, a polynomial is used to estimate the power versus supply voltage down to VT based on a small voltage sweep over the allowed supply voltage levels. The result shows good accuracy for the short-circuit current ranges of interest.

    Keywords
    Short-circuit current, Power consumption, Power estimation.
    National Category
    Engineering and Technology
    Identifiers
    urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-54104 (URN)10.1145/280756.280919 (DOI)
    Conference
    International Symposium on Low-Power Electronics and Design, 10-12 August 1998, Monterey, California, USA
    Available from: 2010-02-23 Created: 2010-02-23 Last updated: 2022-05-04
    3. A Wire Capacitance Estimation Technique for Power Consuming Interconnections at High Levels of Abstraction
    Open this publication in new window or tab >>A Wire Capacitance Estimation Technique for Power Consuming Interconnections at High Levels of Abstraction
    1997 (English)In: In proceedings of: International Workshop on Power and Timing Modeling, Optimization and Simulation, PATMOS, 1997, p. 305-314Conference paper, Published paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    A new wire estimation technique is presented. It utilizes the topology of the netlist and is sensitive to the actual design. It has the unique quality to estimate the length of every power consuming interconnection individually. Compared to other wire length estimation techniques which use average or total wire length, the result of the new technique shows a strong correlation with the result of "real" automatic placement and route tools. Hence it can estimate a reasonable wire capacitance for each interconnection. The individual wire lengths, combined with individual node activities, are essential for an accurate power estimation.

    National Category
    Engineering and Technology
    Identifiers
    urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-54108 (URN)
    Available from: 2010-02-23 Created: 2010-02-23 Last updated: 2022-05-04
    4. Improving Cell Libraries for Low Power Design
    Open this publication in new window or tab >>Improving Cell Libraries for Low Power Design
    1996 (English)In: In proceedings of: International Workshop on Power and Timing Modeling, Optimization and Simulation, PATMOS, 1996, p. 317-325Conference paper, Published paper (Refereed)
    National Category
    Engineering and Technology
    Identifiers
    urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-54109 (URN)
    Available from: 2010-02-23 Created: 2010-02-23 Last updated: 2022-05-04
    5. A Leakage-Tolerant Multi-Phase Keeper for Wide Domino Circuits
    Open this publication in new window or tab >>A Leakage-Tolerant Multi-Phase Keeper for Wide Domino Circuits
    1999 (English)In: In proceedings of: IEEE International Conference on Electronics, Circuits, And System, 1999, p. 209-212Conference paper, Published paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

     

    National Category
    Engineering and Technology
    Identifiers
    urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-54105 (URN)
    Available from: 2010-02-23 Created: 2010-02-23 Last updated: 2022-05-04
  • 38. Order onlineBuy this publication >>
    Alvbrant, Joakim
    Linköping University, Department of Electrical Engineering, Integrated Circuits and Systems. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    A study on emerging electronics for systems accepting soft errors2016Licentiate thesis, monograph (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    Moore’s law has until today mostly relied on shrinkage of the size of the devices inintegrated circuits. However, soon the granularity of the atoms will set a limit together with increased error probability of the devices. How can Moore’s law continue in thefuture? To overcome the increased error rate, we need to introduce redundancy. Applyingmethods from biology may be a way forward, using some of the strategies that transformsan egg into a fetus, but with electronic cells.

    A redundant system is less sensitive to failing components. We define electronic clayas a massive redundancy system of interchangeable and unified subsystems. We show how a mean voter, which is simpler than a majority voter, impact a redundant systemand how optimization can be formalized to minimize the impact of failing subsystems.The performance at given yield can be estimated with a first order model, without the need for Monte-Carlo simulations. The methods are applied and verified on a redundant finite-impulse response filter.

    The elementary circuit behavior of the memristor, ”the missing circuit element”, is investigated for fundamental understanding and how it can be used in applications. Different available simulation models are presented and the linear drift model is simulated with Joglekar-Wolf and Biolek window functions. Driven by a sinusoidal current, the memristor is a frequency dependent component with a cut-off frequency. The memristor can be densely packed and used in structures that both stores and compute in the same circuit, as neurons do. Surrounding circuit has to affect (write) and react (read) to the memristor with the same two terminals.

    We looked at artificial neural network for pattern recognition, but also for self organization in electronic cell array. Finally we look at wireless sensor network and how such system can adopt to the environment. This is also a massive redundant clay-like system.

    Future electronic systems will be massively redundant and adaptive. Moore’s law will continue, not based on shrinking device sizes, but on cheaper, numerous, unified and interchangeable subsystems.

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  • 39.
    Alvbrant, Joakim
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Electrical Engineering, Electronics System. Linköping University, The Institute of Technology.
    Wikner, J Jacob
    Linköping University, Department of Electrical Engineering, Electronics System. Linköping University, The Institute of Technology.
    Study and Simulation Example of a Redundant FIR Filter2012In: Proceedings 30th Norchip Conference, IEEE, 2012, p. 1-4Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    In this paper we present a study and simulation results of the structure and design of a redundant finite-impulse response (FIR) filter. The filter has been selected as an illustrative example for biologically-inspired circuits, but the structure can be generalized to cover other signal processing systems. In the presented study, we elaborate on signal processing properties of the filter if we apply a redundant architecture were different computing paths can be utilized. An option is to utilize different computing paths as inspired by biological architectures (BIAs). We present typical simulation results for a low-pass filter illustrating the trade-offs and costs associated with this architecture.

    Download full text (pdf)
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  • 40.
    Ambuluri, Sreehari
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Electrical Engineering. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Garrido, Mario
    Linköping University, Department of Electrical Engineering, Electronics System. Linköping University, The Institute of Technology.
    Caffarena, Gabriel
    Boadilla del Monte, Madrid, Spain.
    Ogniewski, Jens
    Linköping University, Department of Electrical Engineering, Information Coding. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Ragnemalm, Ingemar
    Linköping University, Department of Electrical Engineering, Information Coding. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    New Radix-2 and Radix-22 Constant Geometry Fast Fourier Transform Algorithms For GPUs2013Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    This paper presents new radix-2 and radix-22 constant geometry fast Fourier transform (FFT) algorithms for graphics processing units (GPUs). The algorithms combine the use of constant geometry with special scheduling of operations and distribution among the cores. Performance tests on current GPUs show a significant improvements compared to the most recent version of NVIDIA’s well-known CUFFT, achieving speedups of up to 5.6x.

    Download full text (pdf)
    fulltext
  • 41.
    Andersson, Christofer
    Linköping University, Department of Science and Technology.
    Design of a transmitter for Ultra Wideband Radio2003Independent thesis Basic level (professional degree)Student thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Ultra Wideband Radio (UWB) is an upcoming alternative for wireless communications. Since the Federal Communication Commission in the USA allowed UWB for unlicensed usage in April 2002, more and more companies have started developing UWB systems.

    The major difference with UWB compared to other RF systems is that UWB sends information with pulses instead of using a carrier wave. The technique is from the nineteenth century and was first developed by Heinrich Hertz (1857-1894), which led to transatlantic communications 1901.

    This Master thesis presents a proposal of a transmitter for Ultra Wideband Radio using multiple bands. The proposed transmitter is implemented on system level in Simulink, Matlab. The frequency generation in the transmitter is also implemented at component level in a 0.13 um IBM process. The thesis begins with an introduction of UWB theory and techniques.

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  • 42.
    Andersson, Erik
    Linköping University, Department of Electrical Engineering, Vehicular Systems. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Modelling of Cranking Behaviour in Heavy Duty Truck Engines2015Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (Two Years)), 20 credits / 30 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    In modern heavy duty trucks the battery is a central component. Its traditional role as an energy source for engine cranking has been extended to include powering a number of elec- trical components on the truck, both during driving and during standstill. As a consequence of this it is important to know how much a battery in use has aged and lost in terms of ca- pacity and power output. The difficulty in measuring these factors on a battery in use causes problem, since heavy duty truck batteries are often replaced too early or too late, leading to unnecessary high replacement costs or truck standstill respectively.

    The overall goal of the effort, of which this thesis is a part, is to use a model of the cranking behaviour of a heavy duty truck engine, which depends on the battery condition, to estimate the ageing and wear of a heavy duty truck battery. This thesis proposes a modelling approach to model the components involved in engine cranking.

    In the thesis work, system identification is made of the systems forming part of the cranking of a heavy duty truck engine. These components are the starter battery, the starter motor and its electrical circuit and the internal combustion engine. Measurement data has been provided by Scania AB for the evaluation of the models. The data has been collected from crankings of a heavy duty diesel engine at different temperatures and battery charge levels. For every cranking lapse the battery voltage and current have been measured as well as the engine rotational speed.

    A starter battery model is developed and evaluated. The resulting battery model is then incorporated into two different engine cranking models, Model 1 and Model 2, including a starter motor model and an internal combustion engine model apart form the battery model. The two cranking models differ in several aspects and their differences and resulting evalu- ations are discussed.

    The battery model is concluded to be sufficiently accurate during model verification, however the two cranking models are not. Model 2 is verified as more correct in in its output than Model 1, but neither is sufficiently accurate for their purpose. The conclusion is drawn that the modelling approach is sound but development of Model 2 is needed before the model can be used in model-based condition estimation. 

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  • 43.
    Andersson, Erik
    Linköping University, Department of Electrical Engineering, Electronics System. Linköping University, The Institute of Technology.
    Omkonstruktion och arkitekturbyte av autopilot för obemannade farkoster2012Independent thesis Basic level (university diploma), 10,5 credits / 16 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    This thesis has been written at Linköping University for the company Instrument Control Sweden AB (ICS).

    ICS is a small company located in Linköping that develops software and hardware for Unmanned Aerial Vehicles, UAV. At present, ICS has a fully functional autopilot called EasyPilot but they want to reduce the autopilot’s size to make it more attractive.

    The purpose of this thesis was to investigate if it was possible to reduce the size of the autopilot and how, in that case, it would be done. It was also necessary to examine whether the old processors should be replaced by new ones and how hard it would be to convert the old software to these new processors.

    To succeed with the goals many of the old components had to be changed for new, smaller ones. Some less necessary parts were also completely removed. The results showed that the size could be reduced quite a bit, exactly how much is hard to say since no PCB-layout were done.

    By doing some programming tests on the new components it could be shown that some parts of the old code could be reused on the new design. It was mainly algorithms and other calculations. However, a lot of new code still had to be written in order to successfully convert the old software to the new hardware. 

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  • 44.
    Andersson Ersman, Peter
    et al.
    RISE Acreo AB, Dept Printed Elect, Norrköping, Sweden.
    Westerberg, David
    RISE Acreo AB, Dept Printed Elect, Norrköping, Sweden.
    Tu, Deyu
    Linköping University, Department of Electrical Engineering, Information Coding. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Nilsson, Marie
    RISE Acreo AB, Dept Printed Elect, Norrköping, Sweden.
    Åhlin, Jessica
    RISE Acreo AB, Dept Printed Elect, Norrköping, Sweden.
    Eveborn, Annelie
    RISE Acreo AB, Dept Printed Elect, Norrköping, Sweden.
    Lagerlöf, Axel
    RISE Acreo AB, Dept Printed Elect, Norrköping, Sweden.
    Nilsson, David
    RISE Acreo AB, Dept Printed Elect, Norrköping, Sweden.
    Sandberg, Mats
    RISE Acreo AB, Dept Printed Elect, Norrköping, Sweden.
    Norberg, Petronella
    RISE Acreo AB, Dept Printed Elect, Norrköping, Sweden.
    Berggren, Magnus
    Linköping University, Department of Science and Technology, Laboratory of Organic Electronics. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Forchheimer, Robert
    Linköping University, Department of Electrical Engineering, Information Coding. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering. RISE SICS East, Sweden.
    Gustafsson, Göran
    RISE Acreo AB, Dept Printed Elect, Norrköping, Sweden.
    Screen printed digital circuits based on vertical organic electrochemical transistors2017In: Flexible and Printed Electronics, ISSN 2058-8585, Vol. 2, no 4, article id 045008Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Vertical organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs) have been manufactured solely using screen printing. The OECTs are based on PEDOT:PSS (poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) doped with poly (styrene sulfonic acid)), which defines the active material for both the transistor channel and the gate electrode. The resulting vertical OECT devices and circuits exhibit low-voltage operation, relatively fast switching, small footprint and high manufacturing yield; the last three parameters are explained by the reliance of the transistor configuration on a robust structure in which the electrolyte vertically bridges the bottom channel and the top gate electrode. Two different architectures of the vertical OECT have been manufactured, characterized and evaluated in parallel throughout this report. In addition to the experimental work, SPICE models enabling simulations of standalone OECTs and OECT-based circuits have been developed. Our findings may pave the way for fully integrated, low-voltage operating and printed signal processing systems integrated with e.g. printed batteries, solar cells, sensors and communication interfaces. Such technology can then serve a low-cost base technology for the internet of things, smart packaging and home diagnostics applications.

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  • 45.
    Andersson Ersman, Peter
    et al.
    RISE Acreo, Department of Printed Electronics, Bredgatan 33, Norrköping, SE-602 21, Sweden.
    Zabihipour, Marzieh
    Linköping University, Department of Science and Technology, Laboratory of Organic Electronics. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Tu, Deyu
    Linköping University, Department of Science and Technology, Laboratory of Organic Electronics. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Lassnig, Roman
    RISE Acreo, Department of Printed Electronics, Bredgatan 33, Norrköping, SE-602 21, Sweden.
    Strandberg, Jan
    RISE Acreo, Department of Printed Electronics, Bredgatan 33, Norrköping, SE-602 21, Sweden.
    Åhlin, Jessica
    RISE Acreo, Department of Printed Electronics, Bredgatan 33, Norrköping, SE-602 21, Sweden.
    Nilsson, Marie
    RISE Acreo, Department of Printed Electronics, Bredgatan 33, Norrköping, SE-602 21, Sweden.
    Westerberg, David
    RISE Acreo, Department of Printed Electronics, Bredgatan 33, Norrköping, SE-602 21, Sweden.
    Gustafsson, Göran
    RISE Acreo, Department of Printed Electronics, Bredgatan 33, Norrköping, SE-602 21, Sweden.
    Berggren, Magnus
    Linköping University, Department of Science and Technology, Laboratory of Organic Electronics. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Forchheimer, Robert
    Linköping University, Department of Electrical Engineering, Information Coding. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Fabiano, Simone
    Linköping University, Department of Science and Technology, Laboratory of Organic Electronics. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Monolithic integration of display driver circuits and displays manufactured by screen printing2020In: Flexible and Printed Electronics, ISSN 2058-8585, Vol. 5, no 2, article id 024001Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Here, we report all-screen printed display driver circuits, based on organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs), and their monolithic integration with organic electrochromic displays (OECDs). Both OECTs and OECDs operate at low voltages and have similar device architectures, and, notably, they rely on the very same electroactive material as well as on the same electrochemical switching mechanism. This then allows us to manufacture OECT-OECD circuits in a concurrent manufacturing process entirely based on screen printing methods. By taking advantage of the high current throughput capability of OECTs, we further demonstrate their ability to control the light emission in traditional light-emitting diodes (LEDs), where the actual LED addressing is achieved by an OECT-based decoder circuit. The possibility to monolithically integrate all-screen printed OECTs and OECDs on flexible plastic foils paves the way for distributed smart sensor labels and similar Internet of Things applications. 

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  • 46. Order onlineBuy this publication >>
    Andersson, Håkan
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Solid Mechanics. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    A Co-Simulation Approach for Hydraulic Percussion Units2018Licentiate thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    This Licentiate of Engineering thesis concerns modelling and simulation of hydraulic percussion units. These units are often found in equipment for breaking or drilling in rock and concrete, and are also often driven by oil hydraulics, in which complex fluid-structure couplings are essential for their operation.

    Current methodologies used today when developing hydraulic percussion units are based on decoupled analyses, which are not correctly capturing the important coupled mechanisms. Hence, an efficient method for coupled simulations is of high importance, since these mechanisms are critical for the function of these units. Therefore, a co-simulation approach between a 1D system simulation model representing the fluid system and a structural 3D FE-model is proposed.

    This approach is presented in detail, implemented for two well-known simulation tools and evaluated for a simple but relevant model. The Hopsan simulation tool was used for the fluid system and the FE-simulation software LS-DYNA was used for the structural mechanics simulation. The co-simulation interface was implemented using the Functional Mock-up Interface-standard.

    The approach was further developed to also incorporate multiple components for coupled simulations. This was considered necessary when models for the real application are to be developed. The use of two components for co-simulation was successfully evaluated for two models, one using the simple rigid body representation, and a second where linear elastic representations of the structural material were implemented.

    An experimental validation of the co-simulation approach applied to an existing hydraulic hammer was performed. Experiments on the hydraulic hammer were performed using an in-house test rig, and responses were registered at four different running conditions. The co-simulation model was developed using the same approach as before. The corresponding running conditions were simulated and the responses were successfully validated against the experiments. A parameter study was also performed involving two design parameters with the objective to evaluate the effects of a parameter change.

    This thesis consists of two parts, where Part I gives an introduction to the application, the simulation method and the implementation, while Part II consists of three papers from this project.

    List of papers
    1. A co-simulation method for system-level simulation of fluid-structure couplings in hydraulic percussion units
    Open this publication in new window or tab >>A co-simulation method for system-level simulation of fluid-structure couplings in hydraulic percussion units
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    2017 (English)In: Engineering with Computers, ISSN 0177-0667, E-ISSN 1435-5663, Vol. 33, no 2, p. 317-333Article in journal (Refereed) Published
    Abstract [en]

    This paper addresses a co-simulation method for fluid power driven machinery equipment, i.e. oil hydraulic machinery. In these types of machinery, the fluid-structure interaction affects the end-product performance to a large extent, hence an efficient co-simulation method is of high importance. The proposed method is based on a 1D system model representing the fluid components of the hydraulic machinery, within which structural 3D Finite Element (FE) models can be incorporated for detailed simulation of specific sub-models or complete structural assemblies. This means that the fluid system simulation will get a more accurate structural response, and that the structural simulation will get more correct fluid loads at every time step, compared to decoupled analysis. Global system parameters such as fluid flow, performance and efficiency can be evaluated from the 1D system model simulation results. From the 3D FE-models, it is possible to evaluate displacements, stresses and strains to be used in stress analysis, fatigue evaluation, acoustic analysis, etc. The method has been implemented using two well-known simulation tools for fluid power system simulations and FE-simulations, respectively, where the interface between the tools is realised by use of the Functional Mock-up Interface standard. A simple but relevant model is used to validate the method.

    Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
    SPRINGER, 2017
    Keywords
    Co-simulation; Fluid-structure coupling; System simulation; Functional mock-up interface; Fluid power machinery; Transmission line modelling
    National Category
    Computer Systems
    Identifiers
    urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-136875 (URN)10.1007/s00366-016-0476-8 (DOI)000398468100012 ()
    Note

    Funding Agencies|Atlas Copco Construction Tools

    Available from: 2017-04-30 Created: 2017-04-30 Last updated: 2022-02-17
    2. System level co-simulation of a control valve and hydraulic cylinder circuit in a hydraulic percussion unit
    Open this publication in new window or tab >>System level co-simulation of a control valve and hydraulic cylinder circuit in a hydraulic percussion unit
    Show others...
    2017 (English)In: Proceedings of 15:th Scandinavian International Conference on Fluid Power, June 7-9, 2017, Linköping, Sweden / [ed] Petter Krus, Liselott Ericson and Magnus Sethson, Linköping: Linköping University Electronic Press, 2017, Vol. 144, p. 225-235Conference paper, Published paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    In this study a previously developed co-simulation method that is based on a 1D system model representing the fluid components of a hydraulic machinery, within which structural 3D Finite Element (FE) models can be incorporated for detailed simulation of specific sub-models or complete structural assemblies, is further developed. The fluid system model consists of ordinary differential equation sub-models that are computationally very inexpensive, but still represents the fluid dynamics very well. The co-simulation method has been shown to work very well for a simple model representing a hydraulic driven machinery. A more complex model was set up in this work, in which two cylinders in the hydraulic circuit were evaluated. Such type of models, including both the main piston and control valves, are necessary as they represent the real application to a further extent than the simple model, of only one cylinder. Two models have been developed and evaluated, from the simple rigid body representation of the structural mechanics model, to the more complex model using linear elastic representation. The 3D FE-model facilitates evaluation of displacements, stresses, and strains on a local level of the model. The results can be utilised for fatigue assessment, wear analysis and for predictions of noise radiation.

    Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
    Linköping: Linköping University Electronic Press, 2017
    Series
    Linköping Electronic Conference Proceedings, ISSN 1650-3686, E-ISSN 1650-3740 ; 144
    Keywords
    Co-simulation, Fluid-structure coupling, System simulation, Functional mockup interface, Fluid power machinery, Transmission line modelling
    National Category
    Applied Mechanics Vehicle Engineering Control Engineering
    Identifiers
    urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-151015 (URN)10.3384/ecp17144225 (DOI)9789176853696 (ISBN)
    Conference
    15th Scandinavian International Conference on Fluid Power, June 7-9, 2017, Linköping, Sweden
    Available from: 2018-09-11 Created: 2018-09-11 Last updated: 2022-02-17Bibliographically approved
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  • 47.
    Andersson, Johan
    Linköping University, Department of Electrical Engineering, Vehicular Systems.
    Automated Fault Tree Generation from Requirement Structures2015Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (Two Years)), 20 credits / 30 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    The increasing complexity of today’s vehicles gives drivers help with everything from adaptive cruisecontrol to warning lights for low fuel level. But the increasing functionality also increases the risk offailures in the system. To prevent system failures, different safety analytic methods can be used, e.g.,fault trees and/or FMEA-tables. These methods are generally performed manually, and due to thegrowing system size the time spent on safety analysis is growing with increased risk of human errors. If the safety analysis can be automated, lots of time can be saved.

    This thesis investigates the possibility to generate fault trees from safety requirements as wellas which additional information, if any, that is needed for the generation. Safety requirements are requirements on the systems functionality that has to be fulfilled for the safety of the system to be guaranteed. This means that the safety of the truck, the driver, and the surroundings, depend on thefulfillment of those requirements. The requirements describing the system are structured in a graphusing contract theory. Contract theory defines the dependencies between requirements and connectsthem in a contract structure.

    To be able to automatically generate the fault tree for a system, information about the systems failure propagation is needed. For this a Bayesian network is used. The network is built from the contract structure and stores the propagation information in all the nodes of the network. This will result in a failure propagation network, which the fault tree generation will be generated from. The failure propagation network is used to see which combinations of faults in the system can violate thesafety goal, i.e., causing one or several hazards. The result of this will be the base of the fault tree.

    The automatic generation was tested on two different Scania systems, the fuel level displayand the dual circuit steering. Validation was done by comparing the automatically generated trees withmanually generated trees for the two systems showing that the proposed method works as intended. The case studies show that the automated fault tree generation works if the failure propagationinformation exists and can save a lot of time and also minimize the errors made by manuallygenerating the fault trees. The generated fault trees can also be used to validate written requirementsto by analyzing the fault trees created from them.

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  • 48.
    Andersson, Jonatan
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Electrical Engineering, Integrated Circuits and Systems.
    Holmberg, Tobias
    Linköping University, Department of Electrical Engineering, Integrated Circuits and Systems.
    En kompakt testplattform för felsökning och utveckling av portabelt EKG: Användning av Raspberry Pi för att karaktärisera överföringsfunktionen samt undersökning av WCT2021Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10,5 credits / 16 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    The project takes it start at the interesting phase testing and verification. A prototype has been started for developing of a portable ECG in cooperation between Linköpings university and an earlier bachelor thesis. The prototypes electrical properties need to be tested and verified. The PCB also needs an examination to see if it has been incorrectly designed. The objective for this product is to minimize the distance between the measuring points relative to a 12-lead ECG. A challenging task is to examine what alternative placements or configurations there is of Wilson Central Terminal which can only be done on the upper body.

    A test platform based on the single card computer Raspberry PI has been developed to ensure the systems functionality by sending a known signal into the system. Next phase after the verification was to undergo and investigate the system behavior when the electrodes is placed on a test person.

    The test platform worked well and was able to put light on both the abilities and constraints. It turned out that in some meaning the PCB is not optimally designed. The total bandwidth for the system is limited and cannot fully represent all frequencies that is needed to cover extreme cases and give an exact health check on the heart.

    The instrument is now able to pick up the electric activities with aid from the loose electrodes, that also has been used under the verification. There still is a small amount of noise left on the signal. Before the instrument can be launched to commercial use there remain a few functions to implement. One thing is to double the bandwidth, it should solve the difficulty to detect the higher frequency. It is not necessary, but to completely shrink and copy the original pattern from a larger EKG-measurement the PCB design must be remade. The results from the new pattern appear to be good enough but must be verified from medical view.

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  • 49.
    Andersson, Martin
    Linköping University, Department of Electrical Engineering.
    Konstruktion av förstärkare och insamplingssteg till en PSAADC i 0.25 um CMOS2002Independent thesis Basic level (professional degree)Student thesis
    Abstract [en]

    The aim and goal of this work has been to design and implement a voltage reference network for a 12-bit PSAADC, Parallell Successive Analog to Digital Converter. A chip containing the design has been sent away for fabrication. Because of the long processing time, no measurement data are presented. The main specifications for the voltage reference generator is to generate stable reference voltages with low noise and a good PSRR. Efforts has also been made to minimize the power consumption.

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  • 50.
    Andersson, Niklas
    et al.
    Ericsson Microelectronics AB.
    Andersson, Ola
    Linköping University, Department of Electrical Engineering, Electronics System. Linköping University, The Institute of Technology.
    Vesterbacka, Mark
    Linköping University, Department of Electrical Engineering, Electronics System. Linköping University, The Institute of Technology.
    Wikner, Jacob
    Linköping University, Department of Electrical Engineering, Electronics System. Linköping University, The Institute of Technology.
    Models and Implementation of a Dynamic Element Matching DAC2003In: Analog Integrated Circuits and Signal Processing, ISSN 0925-1030, E-ISSN 1573-1979, Vol. 34, no 1, p. 7-16Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The dynamic element matching (DEM) techniques for digital-to-analog converters (DACs) has been suggested as a promising method to improve matching between the DAC''s reference levels. However, no work has so far taken the dynamic effects that limit the performance for higher frequenciesinto account. In this paper we present a model describing the dynamic properties of a DEM DAC and compare the simulated results with measurements of a 14-bit current-steering DEM DAC implemented in a 0.35-μm CMOS process. The measured data agrees well with the results predicted by the used model. It is also shown that the DEM technique does not necessarily increase the performance of a DAC when dynamic errors are dominating the achievable performance.

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