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  • 1.
    Abdollahi, Farzaneh Zamiri
    et al.
    Univ Social Welf & Rehabil Sci, Iran.
    Ahmadi, Tayebeh
    Univ Social Welf & Rehabil Sci, Iran.
    Manchaiah, Vinaya
    Linköping University, Department of Behavioural Sciences and Learning, Disability Research. Linköping University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences. Linköping University, The Swedish Institute for Disability Research. Lamar Univ, TX 77710 USA; Audiol India, India.
    Lotfi, Yones
    Univ Social Welf & Rehabil Sci, Iran.
    Auditory Brainstem Response Improvements in Hyperbillirubinemic Infants2016In: JOURNAL OF AUDIOLOGY AND OTOLOGY, ISSN 2384-1621, Vol. 20, no 1, p. 13-16Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Background and Objectives: Hyperbillirubinemia in infants have been associated with neuronal damage including in the auditory system. Some researchers have suggested that the bilirubin-induced auditory neuronal damages may be temporary and reversible. This study was aimed at investigating the auditory neuropathy and reversibility of auditory abnormalities in hyperbillirubinemic infants. Subjects and Methods: The study participants included 41 full term hyperbilirubinemic infants (mean age 39.24 days) with normal birth weight (3,2003,700 grams) that admitted in hospital for hyperbillirubinemia and 39 normal infants (mean age 35.54 days) without any hyperbillirubinemia or other hearing loss risk factors for ruling out maturational changes. All infants in hyperbilirubinemic group had serum bilirubin level more than 20 milligram per deciliter and undergone one blood exchange transfusion. Hearing evaluation for each infant was conducted twice: the first one after hyperbilirubinemia treatment and before leaving hospital and the second one three months after the first hearing evaluation. Hearing evaluations included transient evoked otoacoustic emission (TEOAE) screening and auditory brainstem response (ABR) threshold tracing. Results: The TEOAE and ABR results of control group and TEOAE results of the hyperbilirubinemic group did not change significantly from the first to the second evaluation. However, the ABR results of the hyperbilirubinemic group improved significantly from the first to the second assessment (p=0.025). Conclusions: The results suggest that the bilirubin induced auditory neuronal damage can be reversible over time so we suggest that infants with hyperbilirubinemia who fail the first hearing tests should be reevaluated after 3 months of treatment.

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  • 2.
    Abrahamsson, Thomas
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of Children's and Women's health. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Region Östergötland, Center of Paediatrics and Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Department of Paediatrics in Linköping.
    Using probiotics to prevent necrotising enterocolitis2017In: Acta Paediatrica, ISSN 0803-5253, E-ISSN 1651-2227, Vol. 106, no 11, p. 1718-1719Article in journal (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    n/a

  • 3.
    Abrahamsson, Thomas
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of Children's and Women's health. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Region Östergötland, Center of Paediatrics and Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Department of Paediatrics in Linköping.
    Wu, Richard Y.
    University of Toronto, Canada.
    Sherman, Philip M.
    University of Toronto, Canada.
    Microbiota in Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders in Infancy: Implications for Management2017In: INTESTINAL MICROBIOME: FUNCTIONAL ASPECTS IN HEALTH AND DISEASE, KARGER , 2017, Vol. 88, p. 107-115Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The complex and diverse intestinal microbiome is recognized as important in promoting human health. An altered gut microflora, referred to as dysbiosis, is increasingly recognized as having an etiologic role in a variety of conditions, including functional gastrointestinal disorders: colic in infants and irritable bowel syndrome in older children. Probiotics are defined as live microorganisms that, if ingested in sufficient amounts, restore microbial homeostasis and have a benefit on health. Randomized controlled trials indicate that probiotics can be effective in a variety of intestinal conditions, including colic and irritable bowel syndrome. Probiotics may promote gut microbial diversity, but timing of the intervention appears crucial. Strain-specific effects on colonization resistance, epithelial barrier integrity, modulation of signal transduction, impacts on innate and adaptive immune responses, and effects on visceral hyperalgesia likely explain the observed variability in various probiotic strains. In the future, probiotics are likely to be chosen for use in a defined clinical setting based on underlying mechanism(s) of action. The precise component of the probiotic agent mediating observed effects is the subject of current research. Unresolved issues relate to optimal dosages, timing of ingestion, single versus combination formulations, maintenance of viability in storage, and the merits of employing probiotic- derived products. (C) 2017 Nestec Ltd., Vevey/S. Karger AG, Basel

  • 4.
    Agnafors, Sara
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of Children's and Women's health. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences.
    Bladh, Marie
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of Children's and Women's health. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Region Östergötland, Center of Paediatrics and Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics in Linköping.
    Svedin, Carl Göran
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Barnafrid. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Region Östergötland, Local Health Care Services in Central Östergötland, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry in Linköping.
    Sydsjö, Gunilla
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of Children's and Women's health. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Region Östergötland, Center of Paediatrics and Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics in Linköping.
    Mental health in young mothers, single mothers and their children2019In: BMC Psychiatry, E-ISSN 1471-244X, Vol. 19, article id 112Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Background: Parenthood is a life transition that can be especially demanding for vulnerable individuals. Young maternal age and maternal single status have been reported to increase the risk for adverse outcomes for both mother and child. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of young maternal age and maternal single status on maternal and child mental health and child development at age 3. Methods: A birth-cohort of 1723 mothers and their children were followed from birth to age 3. Sixty-one mothers (3.5%) were age 20 or younger, and 65 (4.0%) reported single status at childbirth. The mothers filled out standardized instruments and medical information was retrieved from the standardized clinical assessment of the children at Child Welfare Centers, (CWC). Results: Young maternal age was associated with symptoms of postpartum depression whereas single status was not. Young mothers were more prone to report internalizing and externalizing problems in their children, while there was no association between single status and child behavioral problems. No differences were seen on child development (CWC scores). School drop-out was, however, a more influential factor on depressive symptoms postpartum than maternal age. Conclusion: Young mothers are at increased risk for symptoms of postpartum depression which indicates the need for attention in pre- and postnatal health care programs. Single mothers and their children were not found to be at increased risk for adverse outcomes. The importance of schooling was demonstrated, indicating the need for societal support to encourage adolescents to remain in school.

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  • 5. Order onlineBuy this publication >>
    Ahle, Margareta
    Linköping University, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Division of Radiological Sciences. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Region Östergötland, Center for Diagnostics, Department of Radiology in Linköping.
    Necrotising Enterocolitis: epidemiology and imaging2017Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    Necrotising enterocolitis (NEC) is a potentially devastating intestinal inflammation of multifactorial aetiology in premature or otherwise vulnerable neonates. Because of the broad spectrum of presentations, diagnosis and timing of surgical intervention may be challenging, and imaging needs to be an integrated part of management.

    The first four studies included in this thesis used routinely collected, nationwide register data to describe the incidence of NEC in Sweden 1987‒2009, its variation with time, seasonality, space-time clustering, and associations with maternal, gestational, and perinatal factors, and the risk of intestinal failure in the aftermath of the disease.

    Early infant survival increased dramatically during the study period. The incidence rate of NEC was 0.34 per 1,000 live births, rising from 0.26 per 1,000 live births in the first six years of the study period to 0.57 in the last five. The incidence rates in the lowest birth weights were 100‒160 times those of the entire birth cohort. Seasonal variation was found, as well as space-time clustering in association with delivery hospitals but not with maternal residential municipalities.

    Comparing NEC cases with matched controls, some factors, positively associated with NEC, were isoimmunisation, fetal distress, caesarean section, persistent ductus arteriosus, cardiac and gastrointestinal malformations, and chromosomal abnormalities. Negative associations included maternal pre-eclampsia, maternal urinary infection, and premature rupture of the membranes. Intestinal failure occurred in 6% of NEC cases and 0.4% of controls, with the highest incidence towards the end of the study period.

    The last study investigated current practices and perceptions of imaging in the management of NEC, as reported by involved specialists. There was great consensus on most issues. Areas in need of further study seem mainly related to imaging routines, the use of ultrasound, and indications for surgery.

    Developing alongside the progress of neonatal care, NEC is a complex, multifactorial disease, with shifting patterns of predisposing and precipitating causes, and potentially serious long-term complications. The findings of seasonal variation, spacetime clustering, and negative associations with antenatal exposure to infectious agents, fit into the growing understanding of the central role of bacteria and immunological processes in normal maturation of the intestinal canal as well as in the pathogenesis of NEC. Imaging in the management of NEC may be developed through future studies combining multiple diagnostic parameters in relation to clinical outcome.

    List of papers
    1. Epidemiology and Trends of Necrotizing Enterocolitis in Sweden: 1987-2009
    Open this publication in new window or tab >>Epidemiology and Trends of Necrotizing Enterocolitis in Sweden: 1987-2009
    2013 (English)In: Pediatrics, ISSN 0031-4005, E-ISSN 1098-4275, Vol. 132, no 2, p. E443-E451Article in journal (Refereed) Published
    Abstract [en]

    OBJECTIVE: To investigate temporal, seasonal, and geographic variations in the incidence of necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) and its relation to early infant survival in the Swedish population and in subgroups based on gestational age, birth weight, and gender. less thanbrgreater than less thanbrgreater thanMETHODS: In the Swedish birth cohort of 1987 through 2009 all children with a diagnosis of NEC were identified in the National Patient Register, the Swedish Medical Birth Register, and the National Cause of Death Register. NEC incidence, early mortality, and seasonality were analyzed with descriptive statistics, Poisson regression, and auto regression. less thanbrgreater than less thanbrgreater thanRESULTS: The overall incidence of NEC was 3.4 in 10 000 live births, higher in boys than in girls (incidence rate ratio 1.22, 95% confidence interval 1.06-1.40, P = .005), with a peak in November and a trough in May, and increased with an average of similar to 5% a year during the study period. In most subgroups, except the most immature, an initial decrease was followed by a steady increase. Seven-day mortality decreased strongly in all subgroups over the entire study period (annual incidence rate ratio 0.96, 95% confidence interval 0.95-0.96, P andlt; .001). This was especially marked in the most premature and low birth weight infants. less thanbrgreater than less thanbrgreater thanCONCLUSIONS: After an initial decrease, the incidence of NEC has increased in Sweden during the last decades. An association with the concurrent dramatically improved early survival seems likely.

    Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
    American Academy of Pediatrics, 2013
    Keywords
    necrotizing enterocolitis, premature infants, perinatal mortality, perinatal care, epidemiology, trends, seasonal variation
    National Category
    Medical and Health Sciences
    Identifiers
    urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-98148 (URN)10.1542/peds.2012-3847 (DOI)000322957300017 ()
    Note

    Funding Agencies|County Council of Ostergotland||Futurum||Academy of Health Care||Jonkoping County Council, Jonkoping, Sweden||Medical Research Council of Southeast Sweden||

    Available from: 2013-09-30 Created: 2013-09-30 Last updated: 2018-03-27
    2. Population-based study showed that necrotising enterocolitis occurred in space-time clusters with a decreasing secular trend in Sweden
    Open this publication in new window or tab >>Population-based study showed that necrotising enterocolitis occurred in space-time clusters with a decreasing secular trend in Sweden
    Show others...
    2017 (English)In: Acta Paediatrica, ISSN 0803-5253, E-ISSN 1651-2227, Vol. 106, no 7, p. 1097-1102Article in journal (Refereed) Published
    Abstract [en]

    Aim: This study investigated space-time clustering of neonatal necrotising enterocolitis over three decades. Methods: Space-time clustering analyses objects that are grouped by a specific place and time. The Knox test and Kulldorffs scan statistic were used to analyse space-time clusters in 808 children diagnosed with necrotising enterocolitis in a national cohort of 2 389 681 children born between 1987 and 2009 in Sweden. The municipality the mother lived in and the delivery hospital defined closeness in space and the time between when the cases were born - seven, 14 and 21 days - defined closeness in time. Results: The Knox test showed no indication of space-time clustering at the residential level, but clear indications at the hospital level in all the time windows: seven days (p = 0.026), 14 days (p = 0.010) and 21 days (p = 0.004). Significant clustering at the hospital level was found during 1987-1997, but not during 1998-2009. Kulldorffs scan statistic found seven significant clusters at the hospital level. Conclusion: Space-time clustering was found at the hospital but not residential level, suggesting a contagious environmental effect after delivery, but not in the prenatal period. The decrease in clustering over time may reflect improved routines to minimise the risk of contagion between patients receiving neonatal care.

    Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
    WILEY, 2017
    Keywords
    Cluster analysis; Necrotising enterocolitis; Neonatal care; Precipitating contagion; Preterm infant
    National Category
    Pediatrics
    Identifiers
    urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-139608 (URN)10.1111/apa.13851 (DOI)000405216700022 ()28349558 (PubMedID)
    Note

    Funding Agencies|Swedish government; county councils

    Available from: 2017-08-16 Created: 2017-08-16 Last updated: 2022-10-04
    3. Maternal, fetal and perinatal factors associated with necrotizing enterocolitis in Sweden: A national case-control study
    Open this publication in new window or tab >>Maternal, fetal and perinatal factors associated with necrotizing enterocolitis in Sweden: A national case-control study
    2018 (English)In: PLOS ONE, E-ISSN 1932-6203, PLoS ONE, ISSN 1932-6203, Vol. 13, no 3, article id e0194352Article in journal (Refereed) Published
    Abstract [en]

    Objective

    To analyze associations of maternal, fetal, gestational, and perinatal factors with necrotizing enterocolitis in a matched case-control study based on routinely collected, nationwide register data.

    Study design

    All infants born in 1987 through 2009 with a diagnosis of necrotizing enterocolitis in any of the Swedish national health care registers were identified. For each case up to 6 controls, matched for birth year and gestational age, were selected. The resulting study population consisted of 720 cases and 3,567 controls. Information on socioeconomic data about the mother, maternal morbidity, pregnancy related diagnoses, perinatal diagnoses of the infant, and procedures in the perinatal period, was obtained for all cases and controls and analyzed with univariable and multivariable logistic regressions for the whole study population as well as for subgroups according to gestational age.

    Results

    In the study population as a whole, we found independent positive associations with necrotizing enterocolitis for isoimmunization, fetal distress, cesarean section, neonatal bacterial infection including sepsis, erythrocyte transfusion, persistent ductus arteriosus, cardiac malformation, gastrointestinal malformation, and chromosomal abnormality. Negative associations were found for maternal weight, preeclampsia, maternal urinary infection, premature rupture of the membranes, and birthweight. Different patterns of associations were seen in the subgroups of different gestational age.

    Conclusion

    With some interesting exceptions, especially in negative associations, the results of this large, population based study, are in keeping with earlier studies. Although restrained by the limitations of register data, the findings mirror conceivable pathophysiological processes and underline that NEC is a multifactorial disease.

    Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
    San Francisco, United States: Public Library of Science, 2018
    National Category
    Pediatrics
    Identifiers
    urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-146093 (URN)10.1371/journal.pone.0194352 (DOI)000428168400016 ()29570713 (PubMedID)2-s2.0-85044427061 (Scopus ID)
    Note

    Funding agencies: Region Ostergotland, Sweden [LiO-107641]; Medical Research Council of Southeast Sweden [FORSS-77481]; Futurum - the Academy of Health Care, Jonkoping County Council, Jonkoping, Sweden; Region Ostergotland [LIO-130291, LIO-204581, LIO-280451, LIO-361481, L

    Available from: 2018-03-27 Created: 2018-03-27 Last updated: 2021-06-14Bibliographically approved
    4. The role of imaging in the management of necrotising enterocolitis: a multispecialist survey and a review of the literature
    Open this publication in new window or tab >>The role of imaging in the management of necrotising enterocolitis: a multispecialist survey and a review of the literature
    2018 (English)In: European Radiology, ISSN 0938-7994, E-ISSN 1432-1084, Vol. 28, no 9, p. 3621-3631Article in journal (Refereed) Published
    Abstract [en]

    Objectives

    To investigate current practices and perceptions of imaging in necrotising enterocolitis (NEC) according to involved specialists, put them in the context of current literature, and identify needs for further investigation.

    Methods

    Two hundred two neonatologists, paediatric surgeons, and radiologists answered a web-based questionnaire about imaging in NEC at their hospitals. The results were descriptively analysed, using proportion estimates with 95% confidence intervals.

    Results

    There was over 90% agreement on the value of imaging for confirmation of the diagnosis, surveillance, and guidance in decisions on surgery as well as on abdominal radiography as the first-choice modality and the most important radiographic signs. More variation was observed regarding some indications for surgery and the use of some ultrasonographic signs. Fifty-eight per cent stated that ultrasound was used for NEC at their hospital. Examination frequency, often once daily or more but with considerable variations, and projections used in AR were usually decided individually rather than according to fixed schedules. Predicting the need of surgery was regarded more important than formal staging.

    Conclusion

    Despite great agreement on the purposes of imaging in NEC and the most important radiographic signs of the disease, there was considerable diversity in routines, especially regarding examination frequency and the use of ultrasound. Apart from continuing validation of ultrasound, important objectives for future studies include definition of the supplementary roles of both imaging modalities in relation to other diagnostic parameters and evaluation of various imaging routines in relation to timing of surgery, complications, and mortality rate.

    Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
    Springer, 2018
    Keywords
    Enterocolitis, necrotising, Abdominal radiography, Ultrasonography, Surveys and questionnaires, Professional practice
    National Category
    Pediatrics
    Identifiers
    urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-146094 (URN)10.1007/s00330-018-5362-x (DOI)000440984300006 ()
    Available from: 2018-03-27 Created: 2018-03-27 Last updated: 2018-08-24
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    Necrotising Enterocolitis: epidemiology and imaging
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  • 6.
    Ahle, Margareta
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Division of Radiological Sciences. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Region Östergötland, Center for Diagnostics, Department of Radiology in Linköping.
    Drott, Peder
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of Surgery, Orthopedics and Oncology. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Region Östergötland, Center for Surgery, Orthopaedics and Cancer Treatment, Department of Surgery in Linköping.
    Elfvin, Anders
    Department of Pediatrics, Institution of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Andersson, Roland E.
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of Surgery, Orthopedics and Oncology. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Department of Surgery, Ryhov County Hospital, Jönköping, Sweden .
    Maternal, fetal and perinatal factors associated with necrotizing enterocolitis in Sweden: A national case-control study2018In: PLOS ONE, E-ISSN 1932-6203, PLoS ONE, ISSN 1932-6203, Vol. 13, no 3, article id e0194352Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Objective

    To analyze associations of maternal, fetal, gestational, and perinatal factors with necrotizing enterocolitis in a matched case-control study based on routinely collected, nationwide register data.

    Study design

    All infants born in 1987 through 2009 with a diagnosis of necrotizing enterocolitis in any of the Swedish national health care registers were identified. For each case up to 6 controls, matched for birth year and gestational age, were selected. The resulting study population consisted of 720 cases and 3,567 controls. Information on socioeconomic data about the mother, maternal morbidity, pregnancy related diagnoses, perinatal diagnoses of the infant, and procedures in the perinatal period, was obtained for all cases and controls and analyzed with univariable and multivariable logistic regressions for the whole study population as well as for subgroups according to gestational age.

    Results

    In the study population as a whole, we found independent positive associations with necrotizing enterocolitis for isoimmunization, fetal distress, cesarean section, neonatal bacterial infection including sepsis, erythrocyte transfusion, persistent ductus arteriosus, cardiac malformation, gastrointestinal malformation, and chromosomal abnormality. Negative associations were found for maternal weight, preeclampsia, maternal urinary infection, premature rupture of the membranes, and birthweight. Different patterns of associations were seen in the subgroups of different gestational age.

    Conclusion

    With some interesting exceptions, especially in negative associations, the results of this large, population based study, are in keeping with earlier studies. Although restrained by the limitations of register data, the findings mirror conceivable pathophysiological processes and underline that NEC is a multifactorial disease.

    Download full text (pdf)
    fulltext
  • 7.
    Ahle, Margareta
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Division of Radiological Sciences. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Region Östergötland, Center for Diagnostics, Department of Radiology in Linköping.
    Magnusson, Amanda
    Department of Pediatrics, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Elfvin, Anders
    Department of Pediatrics, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Andersson, Roland
    Department of Surgery, County Hospital Ryhov, Jönköping, Sweden.
    Space-time clustering of necrotizing enterocolitis supports the existence of transmissible causes.2017Conference paper (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    Problem Statement: Despite great efforts to prevent necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) the incidence may in fact be increasing, and changes in the patient population over time seem to lead to changes in clinical presentation and risk factor spectrum as well. The presence of bacteria is an important prerequisite in the pathogenesis, but, rather than being caused by specific pathogens, inflammation and bacterial invasion are thought to be mediated through erroneous interaction between microbiota and innate immunity during colonization of the gut. There are, however, reports of episodic outbreaks of NEC, seasonal variation in incident rates, and clustering, suggesting a role for transmissible infectious agents or other environmental factors around the pregnant mother or newborn infant. In order to investigate evidence for such factors we have analyzed the occurrence of space-time clusters in Sweden over 23 years. Methods: A national register-based cohort of all children born between 1987 and 2009 in Sweden, diagnosed with NEC, was identified. The Knox test and Kulldorff’s scan method were used to analyze signs of space-time clusters at two geographical levels; the mother’s residential address and the delivery hospital. Time windows of seven, 14 and 21 days were used for closeness in time. Results: The Knox test showed clustering on hospital level in all studied temporal windows; seven days (p=0.022) 14 days (p=0.011) and 21 days (p=0.006), and Kulldorff’s scan method found seven significant clusters. On residential level, there was no indication of space-time interaction. When comparing two time periods, significant clustering on hospital level was found during 1987-1997, but not during 1998-2009. Conclusion: Space-time clustering was found on hospital level, but not on community level, suggesting a contagious environmental effect at and after delivery but not in the materno-fetal environment outside the hospital before birth. The decrease in clustering over time suggests that improved routines in neonatal care have minimized the risk of NEC precipitating contagions spreading between patients in the neonatal intensive care unit. The importance of such routines should not be forgotten while our efforts to bring down NEC incidence are directed towards other challenges.

  • 8.
    Ahle, Margareta
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Division of Radiological Sciences. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Region Östergötland, Center for Diagnostics, Department of Radiology in Linköping.
    Ringertz, Hans G.
    Department of Radiology, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, USA; Division of Diagnostic Radiology, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Rubesova, Erika
    Department of Radiology, Lucile Packard Children’s Hospital, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, USA.
    The role of imaging in the management of necrotising enterocolitis: a multispecialist survey and a review of the literature2018In: European Radiology, ISSN 0938-7994, E-ISSN 1432-1084, Vol. 28, no 9, p. 3621-3631Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Objectives

    To investigate current practices and perceptions of imaging in necrotising enterocolitis (NEC) according to involved specialists, put them in the context of current literature, and identify needs for further investigation.

    Methods

    Two hundred two neonatologists, paediatric surgeons, and radiologists answered a web-based questionnaire about imaging in NEC at their hospitals. The results were descriptively analysed, using proportion estimates with 95% confidence intervals.

    Results

    There was over 90% agreement on the value of imaging for confirmation of the diagnosis, surveillance, and guidance in decisions on surgery as well as on abdominal radiography as the first-choice modality and the most important radiographic signs. More variation was observed regarding some indications for surgery and the use of some ultrasonographic signs. Fifty-eight per cent stated that ultrasound was used for NEC at their hospital. Examination frequency, often once daily or more but with considerable variations, and projections used in AR were usually decided individually rather than according to fixed schedules. Predicting the need of surgery was regarded more important than formal staging.

    Conclusion

    Despite great agreement on the purposes of imaging in NEC and the most important radiographic signs of the disease, there was considerable diversity in routines, especially regarding examination frequency and the use of ultrasound. Apart from continuing validation of ultrasound, important objectives for future studies include definition of the supplementary roles of both imaging modalities in relation to other diagnostic parameters and evaluation of various imaging routines in relation to timing of surgery, complications, and mortality rate.

    Download full text (pdf)
    fulltext
  • 9.
    Ajiko, Mary Margaret
    et al.
    Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institute, Solna, Sweden; Soroti Regional Referral Hospital, Soroti, Uganda.
    Weidman, Viking
    Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
    Nordin, Pär
    Department of Surgery and Perioperative Sciences, University of Umeå, Umeå, Sweden.
    Wladis, Andreas
    Linköping University, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Division of Surgery, Orthopedics and Oncology. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Region Östergötland, Regionledningskontoret, Center for Disaster Medicine and Traumatology.
    Löfgren, Jenny
    Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institute, Solna, Sweden.
    Correction: Prevalence of Paediatric Surgical Conditions in Eastern Uganda: A Cross-Sectional Study (Jan, 10.1007/s00268-021-06378-9, 2022)2022In: World Journal of Surgery, ISSN 0364-2313, E-ISSN 1432-2323, Vol. 46, no 4, p. 966-966Article in journal (Other academic)
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  • 10.
    Alexander, Jan
    et al.
    Norwegian Inst Publ Hlth, Norway.
    Tinkov, Alexey
    Yaroslavl State Univ, Russia; Sechenov Univ, Russia.
    Strand, Tor A.
    Univ Bergen, Norway; Innlandet Hosp Trust, Norway.
    Alehagen, Urban
    Linköping University, Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Division of Diagnostics and Specialist Medicine. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences.
    Skalny, Anatoly
    Yaroslavl State Univ, Russia; Sechenov Univ, Russia.
    Aaseth, Jan
    Sechenov Univ, Russia.
    Early Nutritional Interventions with Zinc, Selenium and Vitamin D for Raising Anti-Viral Resistance Against Progressive COVID-192020In: Nutrients, E-ISSN 2072-6643, Vol. 12, no 8, article id 2358Article, review/survey (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Objectives: The novel coronavirus infection (COVID-19) conveys a serious threat globally to health and economy because of a lack of vaccines and specific treatments. A common factor for conditions that predispose for serious progress is a low-grade inflammation, e.g., as seen in metabolic syndrome, diabetes, and heart failure, to which micronutrient deficiencies may contribute. The aim of the present article was to explore the usefulness of early micronutrient intervention, with focus on zinc, selenium, and vitamin D, to relieve escalation of COVID-19. Methods: We conducted an online search for articles published in the period 2010-2020 on zinc, selenium, and vitamin D, and corona and related virus infections. Results: There were a few studies providing direct evidence on associations between zinc, selenium, and vitamin D, and COVID-19. Adequate supply of zinc, selenium, and vitamin D is essential for resistance to other viral infections, immune function, and reduced inflammation. Hence, it is suggested that nutrition intervention securing an adequate status might protect against the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome - coronavirus-2) and mitigate the course of COVID-19. Conclusion: We recommended initiation of adequate supplementation in high-risk areas and/or soon after the time of suspected infection with SARS-CoV-2. Subjects in high-risk groups should have high priority as regards this nutritive adjuvant therapy, which should be started prior to administration of specific and supportive medical measures.

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  • 11.
    Alexandrou, Christina
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Division of Society and Health. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Karolinska Inst, Sweden.
    Müssener, Ulrika
    Linköping University, Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Division of Society and Health. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences.
    Thomas, Kristin
    Linköping University, Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Division of Society and Health. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences.
    Henriksson, Hanna
    Linköping University, Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Division of Society and Health. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences.
    Löf, Marie
    Linköping University, Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Division of Society and Health. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Karolinska Inst, Sweden.
    Adapting a Parental Support App to Promote Healthy Diet and Physical Activity Behaviors (MINISTOP) for a Multi-Ethnic Setting: A Qualitative Study on the Needs and Preferences of Parents and Nurses within Swedish Child Health Care2021In: Nutrients, E-ISSN 2072-6643, Vol. 13, no 7, article id 2190Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Early efforts for prevention of childhood overweight and obesity are needed. In order to adapt an app promoting healthy diet and physical activity behaviors in children (MINISTOP 1.0) for multi-ethnic communities, we explored: (1) needs and concerns among Somali-, Arabic-, and Swedish-speaking parents in terms of supporting healthy diet and activity behaviors in their children; (2) nurses perceptions of parental needs and concerns in relation to diet and physical activity behaviors; and (3) how the features and content of the MINISTOP 1.0 app could be refined to better support health behaviors in children, among both parents and nurses. Focus groups with Somali-, Arabic-, and Swedish-speaking parents (n = 15), and individual interviews with nurses (n = 15) were conducted. Parents expressed several challenges in supporting childrens health behaviors, the need for a tailored app, and alternative ways of accessing the content (audio/video). Nurses emphasized the need of supporting parents early, and the value of a shared platform in different languages, to facilitate communication. This study contributes valuable insights about parental needs and relevant adaptations to a parental support app, such as addition of audio/video files for increased accessibility. This adapted app version-MINISTOP 2.0, can be useful for childhood obesity prevention in multi-ethnic communities.

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  • 12.
    Al-Taie, Baraa
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Division of Surgery, Orthopedics and Oncology. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Region Östergötland, Center for Surgery, Orthopaedics and Cancer Treatment, Department of Surgery in Linköping.
    Rosvall, Oda
    Linköping University, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Division of Surgery, Orthopedics and Oncology. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Region Östergötland, Center for Surgery, Orthopaedics and Cancer Treatment, Department of Surgery in Linköping.
    Larsson, Magnus
    Linköping University, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Division of Surgery, Orthopedics and Oncology. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Region Östergötland, Center for Surgery, Orthopaedics and Cancer Treatment, Department of Surgery in Linköping.
    Edholm, David
    Linköping University, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Division of Surgery, Orthopedics and Oncology. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Region Östergötland, Center for Surgery, Orthopaedics and Cancer Treatment, Department of Surgery in Linköping.
    Button battery injury causing an aorto-oesophageal fistula in a 1-year-old child - Sengstaken-Blakemore tube, a life-saving bridge during surgery2023In: Paediatrics and International Child Health, ISSN 2046-9047, E-ISSN 2046-9055, Vol. 43, no 1-3, p. 19-22Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The ingestion of button batteries (BB) by children has become more common, and this can cause oesophageal injury, perforation and even life-threatening haemorrhage.A 1-year-old infant who presented to the emergency room with loss of appetite and vomiting, and was discharged with suspected gastro-enteritis is described. One week later she returned with haematemesis. Chest radiography detected a BB in the stomach and it was removed operatively. Haematemesis and hypovolaemic shock ensued and, while waiting for the paediatric cardiothoracic team, the profuse oesophageal bleeding was controlled using an adult-size Sengstaken-Blakemore tube (SBT). An aorto-oesophageal fistula at the aortic arch was identified and repaired. This case highlights the importance of suspecting ingestion of BB, and performing a chest radiography in children who present with swallowing difficulties, haematemesis and haemodynamic instability. The adult-size SBT was well tolerated by the child and was lifesaving in controlling the bleeding from the aorta.AbbreviationAEF: aorto-oesophageal fistula;BB: button battery;CTA: computed tomography angiography;ER: emergency room;GI: gastro-intestinal;SBT: Sengstaken-Blakemore tubeAbbreviationAEF: aorto-oesophageal fistula;BB: button battery;CTA: computed tomography angiography;ER: emergency room;GI: gastro-intestinal;SBT: Sengstaken-Blakemore tubeAbbreviationAEF: aorto-oesophageal fistula;BB: button battery;CTA: computed tomography angiography;ER: emergency room;GI: gastro-intestinal;SBT: Sengstaken-Blakemore tubeAbbreviationAEF: aorto-oesophageal fistula;BB: button battery;CTA: computed tomography angiography;ER: emergency room;GI: gastro-intestinal;SBT: Sengstaken-Blakemore tubeAbbreviationAEF: aorto-oesophageal fistula;BB: button battery;CTA: computed tomography angiography;ER: emergency room;GI: gastro-intestinal;SBT: Sengstaken-Blakemore tubeAbbreviationAEF: aorto-oesophageal fistula;BB: button battery;CTA: computed tomography angiography;ER: emergency room;GI: gastro-intestinal;SBT: Sengstaken-Blakemore tube

  • 13.
    Andersson White, Pär
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Division of Prevention, Rehabilitation and Community Medicine. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences.
    Ludvigsson, Johnny
    Linköping University, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Division of Children's and Women's Health. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Region Östergötland, Center of Paediatrics and Gynaecology and Obstetrics, H.K.H. Kronprinsessan Victorias barn- och ungdomssjukhus Linköping/Motala.
    Jones, Michael P.
    Macquarie Univ, Australia.
    Faresjö, Tomas
    Linköping University, Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Division of Prevention, Rehabilitation and Community Medicine. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences.
    Inequalities in cardiovascular risks among Swedish adolescents (ABIS): a prospective cohort study2020In: BMJ Open, E-ISSN 2044-6055, Vol. 10, no 2, article id e030613Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Objectives To investigate if socioeconomic status (SES) is predictive of cardiovascular risk factors among Swedish adolescents. Identify the most important SES variable for the development of each cardiovascular risk factor. Investigate at what age SES inequality in overweight and obesity occurs. Design Longitudinal follow-up of a prospective birth cohort. Setting All Babies in Southeast Sweden (ABIS) study includes data from children born between October 1997 and October 1999 in five counties of south east Sweden. Participants A regional ABIS-study subsample from three major cities of the region n=298 adolescents aged 16-18 years, and prospective data from the whole ABIS cohort for overweight and obesity status at the ages 2, 5, 8 and 12 years (n=2998-7925). Outcome measures Blood pressure above the hypertension limit, overweight/obesity according to the International Obesity Task Force definition, low high-density lipoproteins (HDL) or borderline-high low-density lipoproteins according to National Cholesterol Education Program expert panel on cholesterol levels in children. Results For three out of four cardiovascular risk outcomes (elevated blood pressure, low HDL and overweight/obesity), there were increased risk in one or more of the low SES groups (p<0.05). The best predictor was parental occupational class (Swedish socioeconomic classification index) for elevated blood pressure (area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve 0.623), maternal educational level for overweight (area under the ROC curve 0.641) and blue-collar city of residence for low HDL (area under the ROC curve 0.641). SES-related differences in overweight/obesity were found at age 2, 5 and 12 and for obesity at age 2, 5, 8 and 12 years (all p<0.05). Conclusions Even in a welfare state like Sweden, SES inequalities in cardiovascular risks are evident already in childhood and adolescence. Intervention programmes to reduce cardiovascular risk based on social inequality should start early in life.

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  • 14.
    Anderzen, Johan
    et al.
    Department of Paediatrics, County Hospital Ryhov, Jönköping, Sweden.
    Hermann, Julia M.
    Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, ZIBMT, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany, German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München‐Neuherberg, Germany.
    Samuelsson, Ulf
    Linköping University, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Division of Children's and Women's Health. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Region Östergötland, Center of Paediatrics and Gynaecology and Obstetrics, H.K.H. Kronprinsessan Victorias barn- och ungdomssjukhus.
    Charalampopoulos, Dimitrios
    Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK.
    Svensson, Jannet
    Paediatric Department, CPH‐Direct, Herlev University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark.
    Skrivarhaug, Torild
    Division of Paediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Oslo University Hospital and Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
    Froehlich-Reiterer, Elke
    Department of Paediatrics, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria.
    Maahs, David M.
    Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Stanford Diabetes Research Center, Stanford, California, USA.
    Åkesson, Karin
    Linköping University, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Division of Children's and Women's Health. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Cty Hosp Ryhov, Sweden.
    Kapellen, Thomas
    University Children's Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.
    Fritsch, Maria
    Department of Paediatrics, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
    Birkebaek, Niels H.
    Department of Paediatrics, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark.
    Drivvoll, Ann K.
    Division of Paediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Oslo University Hospital and Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
    Miller, Kellee
    Jaeb Center for Health Research, Tampa, Florida, USA.
    Stephenson, Terence
    Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK.
    Hofer, Sabine E.
    Department of Paediatrics, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.
    Fredheim, Siri
    Paediatric Department, CPH‐Direct, Herlev University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark.
    Kummernes, Siv J.
    Division of Paediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Oslo University Hospital and Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
    Foster, Nicole
    Jaeb Center for Health Research, Tampa, Florida, USA.
    Amin, Rakesh
    Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK.
    Hilgard, Doerte
    Pediatric Practice, Witten, Germany.
    Rami-Merhar, Birgit
    Department of Paediatrics, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
    Dahl-Jorgensen, Knut
    Division of Paediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Oslo University Hospital and Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
    Clements, Mark
    Children's Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, Missouri, USA University of Missouri, Kansas City, Missouri, USA University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA.
    Hanas, Ragnar
    Department of Paediatrics, NU Hospital Group, Uddevalla, Sweden and the Sahlgrenska Academy, Institute of Clinical Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Holl, Reinhard W.
    Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, ZIBMT, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München‐Neuherberg, Germany.
    Warner, Justin T.
    Department of Paediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Children's Hospital for Wales, Cardiff, UK.
    International benchmarking in type 1 diabetes: Large difference in childhood HbA1c between eight high-income countries but similar rise during adolescence-A quality registry study2020In: Pediatric Diabetes, ISSN 1399-543X, E-ISSN 1399-5448, Vol. 21, no 4, p. 621-627Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Objectives To identify differences and similarities in HbA1c levels and patterns regarding age and gender in eight high-income countries. Subjects 66 071 children and adolescents below18 years of age with type 1 diabetes for at least 3 months and at least one HbA1c measurement during the study period. Methods Pediatric Diabetes Quality Registry data from Austria, Denmark, England, Germany, Norway, Sweden, the United States, and Wales were collected between 2013 and 2014. HbA1c, gender, age, and duration were used in the analysis. Results Distribution of gender and age groups was similar in the eight participating countries. The mean HbA1c varied from 60 to 73 mmol/mol (7.6%-8.8%) between the countries. The increase in HbA1c between the youngest (0-9 years) to the oldest (15-17 years) age group was close to 8 mmol/mol (0.7%) in all countries (P < .001). Females had a 1 mmol/mol (0.1%) higher mean HbA1c than boys (P < .001) in seven out of eight countries. Conclusions In spite of large differences in the mean HbA1c between countries, a remarkable similarity in the increase of HbA1c from childhood to adolescence was found.

  • 15.
    Andreasson, Ann-Charlotte
    et al.
    Univ Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Sigurdsson, Gudmundur V
    Univ Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Pegenius, Goran
    Univ Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Thordstein, Magnus
    Linköping University, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Division of Neurobiology. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Region Östergötland, Anaesthetics, Operations and Specialty Surgery Center, Department of Clinical Neurophysiology. Linköping University, Center for Medical Image Science and Visualization (CMIV).
    Hallbook, Tove
    Univ Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Cortical excitability measured with transcranial magnetic stimulation in children with epilepsy before and after antiepileptic drugs2020In: Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology, ISSN 0012-1622, E-ISSN 1469-8749, Vol. 62, no 7, p. 793-798Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Aim To evaluate cortical excitability with transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) in children with new-onset epilepsy before and after antiepileptic drugs (AEDs). Method Fifty-five drug-naive patients (29 females, 26 males; 3-18y), with new-onset epilepsy were recruited from 1st May 2014 to 31st October 2017 at the Child Neurology Department, Queen Silvias Childrens Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden. We performed TMS in 48 children (23 females, 25 males; mean [SD] age 10y [3y], range 4-15y) with epilepsy (27 generalized and 21 focal) before and after the introduction of AEDs. We used single- and paired-pulse TMS. We used single-pulse TMS to record resting motor thresholds (RMTs), stimulus-response curves, and cortical silent periods (CSPs). We used paired-pulse TMS to record intracortical inhibition and facilitation at short, long, and intermediate intervals. Results There were no differences in cortical excitability between children with generalized and focal epilepsy at baseline. After AED treatment, RMTs increased (p=0.001), especially in children receiving sodium valproate (p=0.005). CSPs decreased after sodium valproate was administered (p=0.050). As in previous studies, we noted a negative correlation between RMT and age in our study cohort. Paired-pulse TMS could not be performed in most children because high RMTs made suprathreshold stimulation impossible. Interpretation Cortical excitability as measured with RMT decreased after the introduction of AEDs. This was seen in children with both generalized and focal epilepsy who were treated with sodium valproate, although it was most prominent in children with generalized epilepsy. We suggest that TMS might be used as a prognostic tool to predict AED efficacy.

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  • 16. Order onlineBuy this publication >>
    Angelhoff, Charlotte
    Linköping University, Department of Social and Welfare Studies, Division of Nursing Science. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences.
    What about the parents?: Sleep quality, mood, saliva cortisol response and sense of coherence in parents with a child admitted to pediatric care2017Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    Parents experience many stressful situations when their child is ill and needs medical care, irrespective of the child’s age, diagnosis or the severity of the illness. Poor sleep quality and negative mood decrease the parents’ ability to sustain attention and focus, to care for their ill child, and to cope with the challenges they face.

    The overall aim of this thesis was to evaluate sleep, mood, cortisol response, and sense of coherence (SOC) in parents caring for children in need of medical care, and to identify factors that may influence parents’ sleep.

    This thesis includes four original studies; two of these are quantitative, prospective, descriptive and comparative studies including parents (n=82) accommodated in six pediatric wards with their ill child, using questionnaires and sleep logs to measure sleep, mood and SOC, and saliva cortisol to measure cortisol response. A follow-up was performed four weeks later at home, after hospital discharge. The other two studies are qualitative, inductive and explorative interview studies, including parents (n=12) staying overnight with their preterm and/or ill infant in three neonatal intensive care units, and parents (n=15) with a child receiving hospital-based home care in two pediatric outpatient clinics. The interviews were analyzed with a phenomenographic method.

    Being together with one’s family seems beneficial for sleep and may decrease stress. The ability to stay with the child, in the hospital or at home, was highly appreciated by the parents. When caring for a child with illness, parents’ sleep quality was sufficient in the hospital; however, sleep quality improved further (p<0.05) at home after discharge. The parents reported frequent nocturnal awakenings in the hospital caused by the child, medical treatment and hospital staff. Concern and anxiety about the child’s health, and uncertainty about the future were stressors affecting the parents’ sleep and mood negatively. The parents had lower (p=0.01) morning awakening cortisol levels in the pediatric ward compared to at home, and parents accommodated for more than one night had lower (p<0.05) post-awakening cortisol levels compared to parents staying their first night.

    The findings of this thesis conclude that being together as a family is important for the parents’ sleep. The ability to be accommodated in the hospital and gather the family around the child may have given the parents time for relaxation and recovery, that in turn may lead to a less stressful hospital stay. When it is beneficial for the child, the whole family should be included in the pediatric care. Moreover, pediatric nurses must acknowledge parents’ sleep, in hospital and at home. Medical treatment and care at night should be scheduled and sleep promoted for the parents in order to maintain health and well-being in the family.

    List of papers
    1. Hindering and buffering factors for parental sleep in neonatal care. A phenomenographic study
    Open this publication in new window or tab >>Hindering and buffering factors for parental sleep in neonatal care. A phenomenographic study
    Show others...
    2015 (English)In: Journal of Clinical Nursing, ISSN 0962-1067, E-ISSN 1365-2702, Vol. 24, no 5-6, p. 717-727Article in journal (Refereed) Published
    Abstract [en]

    AIMS AND OBJECTIVES:

    To explore and describe how parents of preterm and/or sick infants in neonatal care perceive their sleep.

    BACKGROUND:

    Parents experience many stressful situations when their newborn infant is preterm and/or sick. This affects bonding. By developing more family-centred care units with single-family rooms, parents are given the opportunity to stay and care for their newborn infant(s) 24 hours a day. Lack of sleep may affect new parents' ability to cope with the many challenges they face on a daily basis.

    DESIGN:

    A phenomenographic study with an inductive and exploratory design.

    METHODS:

    Semi-structured interviews were conducted with twelve parents of infants in neonatal care between January-March 2012. To describe variations in perception of the phenomenon, data were analysed using phenomenography.

    FINDINGS:

    Four descriptive categories were identified within the phenomenon sleep in parents of preterm and/or sick infants in neonatal care: impact of stress on sleep; how the environment affects sleep; keeping the family together improves sleep; and, how parents manage and prevent tiredness.

    CONCLUSION:

    Anxiety, uncertainty and powerlessness have a negative influence on sleep. This can be decreased by continuous information, guidance and practical support. Skin-to-skin care was perceived as a stress-reducing factor that improved relaxation and sleep and should be encouraged by the nurse. The parents also mentioned the importance of being together. Having a private place where they could relax and take care of themselves and their newborn infant improved sleep. It was also desirable to involve older siblings in order to decrease feelings of loneliness, sadness and isolation.

    RELEVANCE FOR CLINICAL PRACTICE:

    Improved parental sleep in neonatal care may help the families cope with the situation and facilitate problem-solving, emotional regulation and the transition to parenthood.

    Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
    John Wiley & Sons, 2015
    Keywords
    family nursing; family-centred care; kangaroo mother care; neonatal intensive care; nursing; siblings; skin-to-skin care
    National Category
    Nursing
    Identifiers
    urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-115549 (URN)10.1111/jocn.12654 (DOI)000350354700010 ()25041598 (PubMedID)
    Funder
    Medical Research Council of Southeast Sweden (FORSS)Östergötland County Council
    Available from: 2015-03-16 Created: 2015-03-16 Last updated: 2017-12-04
    2. Sleep of Parents Living With a Child Receiving Hospital-Based Home Care: A Phenomenographical Study.
    Open this publication in new window or tab >>Sleep of Parents Living With a Child Receiving Hospital-Based Home Care: A Phenomenographical Study.
    2015 (English)In: Nursing Research, ISSN 0029-6562, E-ISSN 1538-9847, Vol. 64, no 5, p. 372-380Article in journal (Refereed) Published
    Abstract [en]

    Background: Caring for an ill child at home gives the family the chance to be together in a familiar environment. However, this involves several nocturnal sleep disturbances, such as frequent awakenings and bad sleep quality, which may affect parents' ability to take care of the child and themselves.

    Objectives: The aim of this study was to describe parents' perceptions of circumstances influencing their own sleep when living with a child enrolled in hospital-based home care (HBHC) services.

    Method: This is a phenomenographical study with an inductive, exploratory design. Fifteen parents (11 mothers and 4 fathers) with children enrolled in HBHC services were interviewed. Data were analyzed to discover content-related categories describing differences in ways parents experienced sleep when caring for their children receiving HBHC.

    Results: Four descriptive categories were detected: sleep influences mood and mood influences sleep; support influences safeness and safeness influences sleep; the child's needs influence routines and routines influence sleep; and "me time" influences sleep.

    Discussion: Sleep does not affect only the parents' well-being but also the child's care. Symptoms of stress may limit the parents' capacity to meet the child's needs. Support, me time, and physical activity were perceived as essential sources for recovery and sleep. It is important for nurses to acknowledge parental sleep in the child's nursing care plan and help the parents perform self-care to promote sleep and maintain life, health, and well-being.

    Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
    Lippincott-Ravn Publisher, 2015
    Keywords
    children, chronic illness, home care services, parents, qualitative research, sleep
    National Category
    Nursing
    Identifiers
    urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-121085 (URN)10.1097/NNR.0000000000000108 (DOI)000361361000006 ()26325279 (PubMedID)
    Projects
    Parents’ stress and sleep quality when their children need medical care
    Funder
    Östergötland County CouncilMedical Research Council of Southeast Sweden (FORSS)
    Available from: 2015-09-07 Created: 2015-09-07 Last updated: 2017-12-04Bibliographically approved
    3. Sleep quality and mood in mothers and fathers accommodated in the family-centred paediatric ward
    Open this publication in new window or tab >>Sleep quality and mood in mothers and fathers accommodated in the family-centred paediatric ward
    2018 (English)In: Journal of Clinical Nursing, ISSN 0962-1067, E-ISSN 1365-2702, Vol. 27, no 3-4, p. e544-e550Article in journal (Refereed) Published
    Abstract [en]

    Aims and objectives

    To describe sleep quality and mood in parents accommodated with their sick child in a family‐centred paediatric ward. Secondary aims were to compare mothers’ and fathers’ sleep quality and mood in the paediatric ward and to compare the parents’ sleep quality and mood between the paediatric ward and in a daily‐life home setting after discharge.

    Background

    Frequent interruptions, ward noise and anxiety affect parents’ sleep quality and mood negatively when accommodated with their sick child in paediatric wards. Poor sleep quality and negative mood decrease the parents’ ability to sustain attention and focus, and to care for their sick child.

    Methods

    This was a prospective and descriptive study. Eighty‐two parents (61 mothers and 21 fathers) with children (median age 6.25 years) admitted to six paediatric wards participated in the study. Uppsala Sleep Inventory, a sleep diary and the Mood Adjective Checklist were used to measure sleep quality and mood.

    Results

    The parents had a good sleep quality in the paediatric ward even though they had more nocturnal awakenings compared to home. Moreover, they were less alert, less interested and had reduced concentration, and were more tired, dull and passive in the hospital than at home after discharge. Vital sign checks, noises made by the staff and medical treatment were given reasons influencing sleep. Poor sleep quality correlated with negative mood.

    Conclusion

    Parents’ sleep quality in family‐centred paediatric care is good. However, the habitual sleep efficacy before admittance to the hospital is lower than expected and needs to be further investigated.

    Relevance to Clinical Practice

    The healthcare professionals should acknowledge parents’ sleep and mood when they are accommodated with their sick child. Further should care at night be scheduled and sleep promoted for the parents to maintain health and well‐being in the family.

    Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
    John Wiley & Sons, 2018
    Keywords
    adolescents, child, child nursing, children’s nurses, family nursing, family-centred care, hospitalised child, paediatrics, parent, sleep
    National Category
    Health Sciences
    Identifiers
    urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-143585 (URN)10.1111/jocn.14092 (DOI)000425733600018 ()28960555 (PubMedID)2-s2.0-85037348121 (Scopus ID)
    Note

    Funding agencies: Medical Research Council of Southeast Sweden [FORSS-159681]; Region of Ostergotland, Sweden

    Available from: 2017-12-11 Created: 2017-12-11 Last updated: 2019-05-01Bibliographically approved
    4. The cortisol response in parents staying with a sick child at hospital
    Open this publication in new window or tab >>The cortisol response in parents staying with a sick child at hospital
    2019 (English)In: Nursing Open, E-ISSN 2054-1058, Vol. 6, no 2, p. 620-625Article in journal (Refereed) Published
    Abstract [en]

    Aim

    To study the cortisol response in parents staying with their child in paediatric wards, to compare the parents’ cortisol levels between the paediatric ward and at home 4 weeks after discharge and to compare the parents’ cortisol levels with data of an adult reference population, reported by Wust et al., as there are few studies investigating parental cortisol.

    Design

    This study has a descriptive and prospective comparative design.

    Method

    Thirty‐one parents participated. Saliva samples were collected in the paediatric ward and 4 weeks later at home.

    Results

    The parents had lower morning awakening cortisol levels in the paediatric ward than at home after discharge. There were no statistically significant differences in postawakening cortisol or cortisol awakening response (CAR). The child's age, diagnosis or previously diagnosed chronic condition did not affect the parents’ cortisol levels. The morning and postawakening cortisol levels were lower than those of the reference population.

    Conclusion

    The hospital stay with a sick child affects parents’ cortisol levels. Parental stress needs more attention to find interventions to prevent the risk of stress‐related complications that subsequently can affect the care of the child.

    Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
    Wiley-Blackwell Publishing Inc., 2019
    National Category
    Nursing
    Identifiers
    urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-155717 (URN)10.1002/nop2.245 (DOI)000461835600041 ()30918712 (PubMedID)2-s2.0-85062974527 (Scopus ID)
    Projects
    What about the parents?: Sleep quality, mood, saliva cortisol response and sense of coherence in parents with a child admitted to pediatric care
    Funder
    Medical Research Council of Southeast Sweden (FORSS), FORSS‐159681
    Available from: 2019-03-25 Created: 2019-03-25 Last updated: 2020-04-27Bibliographically approved
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    What about the parents?: Sleep quality, mood, saliva cortisol response and sense of coherence in parents with a child admitted to pediatric care
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  • 17.
    Angelhoff, Charlotte
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Division of Children's and Women's Health. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Region Östergötland, Center of Paediatrics and Gynaecology and Obstetrics, H.K.H. Kronprinsessan Victorias barn- och ungdomssjukhus. Ersta Skondal Bracke Univ Coll, Sweden.
    Johansson, Peter
    Linköping University, Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Division of Nursing Sciences and Reproductive Health. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Region Östergötland, Local Health Care Services in East Östergötland, Department of Internal Medicine in Norrköping.
    Svensson, Erland
    Swedish Def Res Agcy, Linkoping, Sweden.
    Sundell, Anna Lena
    Inst Postgrad Dent Educ, Sweden; Jonkoping Univ, Sweden.
    Correction: Swedish translation and validation of the Pediatric Insomnia Severity Index (vol 20, 253, 2020)2020In: BMC Pediatrics, ISSN 1471-2431, E-ISSN 1471-2431, BMC PEDIATRICS, Vol. 20, no 1, article id 333Article in journal (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via the original article.

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  • 18.
    Angelhoff, Charlotte
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Division of Children's and Women's Health. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Region Östergötland, Center of Paediatrics and Gynaecology and Obstetrics, H.K.H. Kronprinsessan Victorias barn- och ungdomssjukhus. Ersta Skondal Bracke Univ Coll, Sweden.
    Johansson, Peter
    Linköping University, Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Division of Nursing Sciences and Reproductive Health. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Region Östergötland, Local Health Care Services in East Östergötland, Department of Internal Medicine in Norrköping.
    Svensson, Erland
    Swedish Def Res Agcy, Linkoping, Sweden.
    Sundell, Anna Lena Lena
    Inst Postgrad Dent Educ, Sweden; Jonkoping Univ, Sweden.
    Swedish translation and validation of the Pediatric Insomnia Severity Index2020In: BMC Pediatrics, ISSN 1471-2431, E-ISSN 1471-2431, BMC PEDIATRICS, Vol. 20, no 1, article id 253Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Background

    To increase health and well-being in young children, it is important to acknowledge and promote the child’s sleep behaviour. However, there is a lack of brief, validated sleep screening instruments for children. The aims of the study were to (1) present a Swedish translation of the PISI, (2) examine the factor structure of the Swedish version of PISI, and test the reliability and validity of the PISI factor structure in a sample of healthy children in Sweden.

    Methods

    The English version of the PISI was translated into Swedish, translated back into English, and agreed upon before use. Parents of healthy 3- to 10-year-old children filled out the Swedish version of the PISI and the generic health-related quality of life instrument KIDSCREEN-27 two times. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses for baseline and test-retest, structural equation modelling, and correlations between the PISI and KIDSCREEN-27 were performed.

    Results

    In total, 160 parents filled out baseline questionnaires (test), whereof 100 parents (63%) filled out the follow-up questionnaires (retest). Confirmative factor analysis of the PISI found two correlated factors: sleep onset problems (SOP) and sleep maintenance problems (SMP). The PISI had substantial construct and test-retest reliability. The PISI factors were related to all KIDSCREEN-27 dimensions.

    Conclusions

    The Swedish version of the PISI is applicable for screening sleep problems and is a useful aid in dialogues with families about sleep.

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  • 19.
    Angelhoff, Charlotte
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Social and Welfare Studies, Division of Nursing Science. Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine. Region Östergötland, Center of Paediatrics and Gynaecology and Obstetrics, H.K.H. Kronprinsessan Victorias barn- och ungdomssjukhus. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences.
    Thernström Blomqvist, Ylva
    Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
    Sahlén Helmer, Charlotte
    Linköping University, Department of Social and Welfare Studies, Division of Nursing Science. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Region Östergötland, Center of Paediatrics and Gynaecology and Obstetrics, H.K.H. Kronprinsessan Victorias barn- och ungdomssjukhus. Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine.
    Olsson, Emma
    Department of Pediatrics and Centre for Health Care Sciences, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden.
    Shorey, Shefaly
    Alice Lee Centre for Nursing Studies, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore.
    Frostell, Anneli
    Linköping University, Department of Behavioural Sciences and Learning, Psychology. Linköping University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences.
    Mörelius, Evalotte
    Linköping University, Department of Social and Welfare Studies, Division of Nursing Science. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Region Östergötland, Center of Paediatrics and Gynaecology and Obstetrics, H.K.H. Kronprinsessan Victorias barn- och ungdomssjukhus.
    Effect of skin-to-skin contact on parents sleep quality, mood, parent-infant interaction and cortisol concentrations in neonatal care units: study protocol of a randomised controlled trial2018In: BMJ Open, E-ISSN 2044-6055, Vol. 8, no 7, article id e021606Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Introduction Separation after preterm birth is a major stressor for infants and parents. Skin-to-skin contact (SSC) is a method of care suitable to use in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) to minimise separation between parents and infants. Less separation leads to increased possibilities for parent-infant interaction, provided that the parents’ sleep quality is satisfactory. We aimed to evaluate the effect of continuous SSC on sleep quality and mood in parents of preterm infants born <33 weeks of gestation as well as the quality of parent-infant interaction and salivary cortisol concentrations at the time of discharge.

    Methods and analysis A randomised intervention study with two arms—intervention versus standard care. Data will be collected from 50 families. Eligible families will be randomly allocated to intervention or standard care when transferred from the intensive care room to the family-room in the NICU. The intervention consists of continuous SSC for four consecutive days and nights in the family-room. Data will be collected every day during the intervention and again at the time of discharge from the hospital. Outcome measures comprise activity tracker (Actigraph); validated self-rated questionnaires concerning sleep, mood and bonding; observed scorings of parental sensitivity and emotional availability and salivary cortisol. Data will be analysed with pairwise, repeated measures, Mann Whitney U-test will be used to compare groups and analysis of variance will be used to adjust for different hospitals and parents’ gender.

    Ethics and dissemination The study is approved by the Regional Research Ethics Board at an appropriate university (2016/89–31). The results will be published in scientific journals. We will also use conferences and social media to disseminate our findings.

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  • 20.
    Anik, Asibul Islam
    et al.
    Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Med Univ BSMMU, Bangladesh; SAJIDA Fdn, Bangladesh.
    Chowdhury, Mohammad Rocky Khan
    First Capital Univ Bangladesh, Bangladesh.
    Khan, Hafiz T. A.
    Univ West London, England.
    Mondal, Md Nazrul Islam
    Univ Rajshahi, Bangladesh.
    Perera, Nirmala
    Linköping University, Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Division of Prevention, Rehabilitation and Community Medicine. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Univ Oxford, England.
    Kader, Manzur
    Karolinska Inst, Sweden.
    Urban-rural differences in the associated factors of severe under-5 child undernutrition based on the composite index of severe anthropometric failure (CISAF) in Bangladesh2021In: BMC Public Health, E-ISSN 1471-2458, Vol. 21, no 1, article id 2147Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Introduction Severe undernutrition among under-5 children is usually assessed using single or conventional indicators (i.e., severe stunting, severe wasting, and/or severe underweight). But these conventional indicators partly overlap, thus not providing a comprehensive estimate of the proportion of malnourished children in the population. Incorporating all these conventional nutritional indicators, the Composite Index of Severe Anthropometric Failure (CSIAF) provides six different undernutrition measurements and estimates the overall burden of severe undernutrition with a more comprehensive view. This study applied the CISAF indicators to investigate the prevalence of severe under-5 child undernutrition in Bangladesh and its associated socioeconomic factors in the rural-urban context. Methods This study extracted the children dataset from the 2017-18 Bangladesh Demographic Health Survey (BDHS), and the data of 7661 children aged under-5 were used for further analyses. CISAF was used to define severe undernutrition by aggregating conventional nutritional indicators. Bivariate analysis was applied to examine the proportional differences of variables between non-severe undernutrition and severe undernutrition group. The potential associated socioeconomic factors for severe undernutrition were identified using the adjusted model of logistic regression analysis. Results The overall prevalence of severe undernutrition measured by CISAF among the children under-5 was 11.0% in Bangladesh (rural 11.5% vs urban 9.6%). The significant associated socioeconomic factors of severe undernutrition in rural areas were children born with small birth weight (AOR: 2.84), children from poorest households (AOR: 2.44), and children aged &lt; 36 months, and children of uneducated mothers (AOR: 2.15). Similarly, in urban areas, factors like- children with small birth weight (AOR: 3.99), children of uneducated parents (AOR: 2.34), poorest households (APR: 2.40), underweight mothers (AOR: 1.58), mothers without postnatal care (AOR: 2.13), and childrens birth order &gt;= 4 (AOR: 1.75), showed positive and significant association with severe under-5 undernutrition. Conclusion Severe undernutrition among the under-5 children dominates in Bangladesh, especially in rural areas and the poorest urban families. More research should be conducted using such composite indices (like- CISAF) to depict the comprehensive scenario of severe undernutrition among the under-5 children and to address multi-sectoral intervening programs for eradicating severe child undernutrition.

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  • 21.
    Arabiat, Diana
    et al.
    Univ Jordan, Jordan; Edith Cowan Univ, Australia.
    Mörelius, Evalotte
    Linköping University, Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Division of Nursing Sciences and Reproductive Health. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Edith Cowan Univ, Australia.
    Hoti, Kreshnik
    Univ Prishtina, Kosovo.
    Hughes, Jeffery
    Curtin Univ, Australia.
    Pain assessment tools for use in infants: a meta-review2023In: BMC Pediatrics, E-ISSN 1471-2431, Vol. 23, no 1, article id 307Article, review/survey (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    BackgroundIdentifying pain in infants is challenging due to their inability to self-report pain, therefore the availability of valid and reliable means of assessing pain is critical.ObjectiveThis meta-review sought to identify evidence that could guide the selection of appropriate tools in this vulnerable population.MethodsWe searched Scopus, Medline, Embase, CINAHL, MIDRIS, EMCare and Google Scholar for eligible systematic reviews. Eligible reviews documented psychometric properties of available observational tools used to assess pain in infants.ResultsA total of 516 reviews were identified of which 11 met our inclusion criteria. We identified 36 pain assessment tools (evaluated in 11 reviews) of which seven were reported in at least three reviews. The level of evidence reported on the psychometric properties of pain assessment tools varied widely ranging from low to good reliability and validity, whilst there are limited data on usability and clinical utility.ConclusionsCurrently, no observer administered pain assessment tool can be recommended as the gold standard due to limited availability and quality of the evidence that supports their validity, reliability and clinical utility. This meta-review attempts to collate the available evidence to assist clinicians to decide on what is the most appropriate tool to use in their clinical practice setting. It is important that researchers adopt a standard approach to evaluating the psychometric properties of pain assessment tools and evaluations of the clinical utility in order that the highest level of evidence can be used to guide tool selection.

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  • 22.
    Areskoug Sandberg, Elin
    et al.
    University Health Care Research Center, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden; Center for Primary Health Care Research, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden.
    Duberg, Anna
    University Health Care Research Center, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden.
    Lorenzon Fagerberg, Ulrika
    Centre for Clinical Research, Department of Paediatrics, Västmanland Hospital, Region Västmanland, Uppsala University, Västerås, Sweden; Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Mörelius, Evalotte
    School of Nursing and Midwifery, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia; Perth Children’s Hospital, Nedlands, WA, Australia.
    Särnblad, Stefan
    Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden.
    Saliva Cortisol in Girls With Functional Abdominal Pain Disorders: A Randomized Controlled Dance and Yoga Intervention.2022In: Frontiers in Pediatrics , E-ISSN 2296-2360, Vol. 10, article id 836406Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    INTRODUCTION: Functional abdominal pain disorders (FAPDs) are common among girls and has been associated with stress. Cortisol is one of the major stress hormones. Dance and yoga have been shown to reduce abdominal pain among girls with FAPDs.

    AIM: To investigate the effect of an 8-month intervention with dance and yoga on cortisol levels in saliva among girls with FAPDs.

    METHODS: A total of 121 girls aged 9-13 years with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) or functional abdominal pain were included in the study. Participants were randomized into an intervention group and a control group. The intervention group attended a combined dance and yoga session twice a week for 8 months. Saliva samples were collected during 1 day, in the morning and evening, at baseline, and at 4 and 8 months. Subjective pain and stress were assessed as well.

    RESULTS: No significant effects on saliva cortisol levels between groups were observed after completion of the intervention at 8 months. However, evening cortisol and evening/morning quotient were significantly reduced at 4 months in the intervention group compared to the control group (p = 0.01, p = 0.004). There was no association between cortisol quota and pain or stress.

    CONCLUSION: Improvements in cortisol levels were seen in the intervention group at 4 months but did not persist until the end of the study. This indicates that dance and yoga could have a stress-reducing effect during the ongoing intervention.

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  • 23.
    Aubert, Adrien
    et al.
    Univ Paris Cite, France.
    Costa, Raquel
    Univ Porto, Portugal; Lab Invest Integrat & Translac Saude Populac ITR, Portugal.
    Johnson, Samantha
    Univ Leicester, England.
    Ådén, Ulrika
    Linköping University, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Division of Children's and Women's Health. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Karolinska Inst, Sweden.
    Cuttini, Marina
    Bambino Gesu Pediat Hosp, Italy.
    Koopman-Esseboom, Corine
    Univ Med Ctr, Netherlands.
    Lebeer, Jo
    Univ Antwerp, Belgium.
    Varendi, Heili
    Univ Tartu, Estonia.
    Zemlin, Michael
    Saarland Univ Hosp, Germany.
    Pierrat, Veronique
    Univ Paris Cite, France; Dept Neonatol, France.
    Zeitlin, Jennifer
    Univ Paris Cite, France.
    SHIPS Res grp,
    Risk factors for cerebral palsy and movement difficulties in 5-year-old children born extremely preterm2023In: Pediatric Research, ISSN 0031-3998, E-ISSN 1530-0447, Vol. 94, no 2, p. 771-780Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    BackgroundMotor impairment is common after extremely preterm (EPT, &lt;28 weeks gestational age (GA)) birth, with cerebral palsy (CP) affecting about 10% of children and non-CP movement difficulties (MD) up to 50%. This study investigated the sociodemographic, perinatal and neonatal risk factors for CP and non-CP MD.MethodsData come from a European population-based cohort of children born EPT in 2011-2012 in 11 countries. We used multinomial logistic regression to assess risk factors for CP and non-CP MD (Movement Assessment Battery for Children - 2nd edition &lt;= 5th percentile) compared to no MD (&gt;15th percentile) among 5-year-old children.ResultsCompared to children without MD (n = 366), young maternal age, male sex and bronchopulmonary dysplasia were similarly associated with CP (n = 100) and non-CP MD (n = 224) with relative risk ratios (RRR) ranging from 2.3 to 3.6. CP was strongly related to severe brain lesions (RRR &gt;10), other neonatal morbidities, congenital anomalies and low Apgar score (RRR: 2.4-3.3), while non-CP MD was associated with primiparity, maternal education, small for GA (RRR: 1.6-2.6) and severe brain lesions, but at a much lower order of magnitude.ConclusionCP and non-CP MD have different risk factor profiles, with fewer clinical but more sociodemographic risk factors for non-CP MD.ImpactYoung maternal age, male sex and bronchopulmonary dysplasia similarly increased risks of both cerebral palsy and non-cerebral palsy movement difficulties.Cerebral palsy was strongly related to clinical risk factors including severe brain lesions and other neonatal morbidities, while non-cerebral palsy movement difficulties were more associated with sociodemographic risk factors.These results on the similarities and differences in risk profiles of children with cerebral palsy and non-cerebral palsy movement difficulties raise questions for etiological research and provide a basis for improving the identification of children who may benefit from follow-up and early intervention.

  • 24.
    Aubert, Adrien M.
    et al.
    Univ Paris Cite, France.
    Costa, Raquel
    Univ Porto, Portugal; Lab Invest Integrat & Translac Saude Populac, Portugal.
    Johnson, Samantha
    Univ Leicester, England.
    Ådén, Ulrika
    Linköping University, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Division of Children's and Women's Health. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Karolinska Inst, Sweden.
    Pierrat, Veronique
    Univ Paris Cite, France; Ctr Hosp Intercommunal Creteil, France.
    Cuttini, Marina
    Bambino Gesu Pediat Hosp, Italy.
    Mannamaa, Mairi
    Univ Tartu, Estonia.
    Sarrechia, Iemke
    Univ Antwerp, Belgium.
    Lebeer, Jo F.
    Erasmus MC, Netherlands.
    Van Heijst, Arno F. F.
    Erasmus MC, Netherlands.
    Maier, Rolf F.
    Philipps Univ Marburg, Germany.
    Sentenac, Mariane
    Univ Paris Cite, France.
    Zeitlin, Jennifer
    Univ Paris Cite, France; Maternite Port Royal 53, France.
    Developmental motor problems and health-related quality of life in 5-year-old children born extremely preterm: A European cohort study2023In: Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology, ISSN 0012-1622, E-ISSN 1469-8749, Vol. 65, no 12, p. 1617-1628Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Aim To measure the association between cerebral palsy (CP) and non-CP-related movement difficulties and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) among 5-year-old children born extremely preterm (&lt;28 weeks gestational age). Method We included 5-year-old children from a multi-country, population-based cohort of children born extremely preterm in 2011 to 2012 in 11 European countries (n = 1021). Children without CP were classified using the Movement Assessment Battery for Children, Second Edition as having significant movement difficulties (&lt;= 5th centile of standardized norms) or being at risk of movement difficulties (6th-15th centile). Parents reported on a clinical CP diagnosis and HRQoL using the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory. Associations were assessed using linear and quantile regressions. Results Compared to children without movement difficulties, children at risk of movement difficulties, with significant movement difficulties, and CP had lower adjusted HRQoL total scores (beta [95% confidence interval] = -5.0 [-7.7 to -2.3], -9.1 [-12.0 to -6.1], and - 26.1 [-31.0 to -21.2]). Quantile regression analyses showed similar decreases in HRQoL for all children with CP, whereas for children with non-CP-related movement difficulties, reductions in HRQoL were more pronounced at lower centiles. Interpretation CP and non-CP-related movement difficulties were associated with lower HRQoL, even for children with less severe difficulties. Heterogeneous associations for non-CP-related movement difficulties raise questions for research about mitigating and protective factors.

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  • 25.
    Bach Jensen, Georg
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Division of Children's and Women's Health. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Region Östergötland, Center of Paediatrics and Gynaecology and Obstetrics, H.K.H. Kronprinsessan Victorias barn- och ungdomssjukhus.
    Ahlsson, Fredrik
    Uppsala Univ, Sweden.
    Domellöf, Magnus
    Umeå Univ, Sweden.
    Elfvin, Anders
    Sahlgrens Acad, Sweden; Sahlgrens Univ Hosp, Sweden.
    Naver, Lars
    Karolinska Inst, Sweden; Karolinska Univ Hosp, Sweden.
    Abrahamsson, Thomas
    Linköping University, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Division of Children's and Women's Health. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Region Östergötland, Center of Paediatrics and Gynaecology and Obstetrics, H.K.H. Kronprinsessan Victorias barn- och ungdomssjukhus.
    Nordic study on human milk fortification in extremely preterm infants: a randomised controlled trial the N-forte trial2021In: BMJ Open, E-ISSN 2044-6055, Vol. 11, no 11, article id e053400Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Introduction The mortality rate of extremely low gestational age (ELGA) (born &lt;gestational week 28+0) infants remains high, and severe infections and necrotising enterocolitis (NEC) are common causes of death. Preterm infants receiving human milk have lower incidence of sepsis and NEC than those fed a bovine milk-based preterm formula. Despite this, fully human milk fed ELGA infants most often have a significant intake of cows milk protein from bovine-based protein fortifier. The aim of this study is to evaluate whether the supplementation of human milk-based, as compared with bovine-based, nutrient fortifier reduces the prevalence of NEC, sepsis and mortality in ELGA infants exclusively fed with human milk. Methods and analysis A randomised-controlled multicentre trial comparing the effect of a human breast milk-based fortifier with a standard bovine protein-based fortifier in 222-322 ELGA infants fed human breast milk (mothers own milk and/or donor milk). The infants will be randomised to either fortifier before reaching 100 mU kg/day in oral feeds. The intervention, stratified by centre, will continue until the target postmenstrual week 34+0. The primary outcome is a composite of NEC, sepsis or death. Infants are characterised with comprehensive clinical and nutritional data collected prospectively from birth until hospital discharge. Stool, urine, blood and breast milk samples are collected for analyses in order to study underlying mechanisms. A follow-up focusing on neurological development and growth will be performed at 2 and 5.5 years of age. Health economic analyses will be made. Ethics and dissemination The study is conducted according to ICH/GCP guidelines and is approved by the regional ethical review board in Linkoping Sweden (Dnr 2018/193-31, Dnr 2018/384-32). Results will be presented at scientific meetings and published in peer-reviewed publications.

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  • 26.
    Back, Christina
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of Clinical Sciences. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Local Health Care Services in Central Östergötland, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry in Linköping.
    Gustafsson, Per A.
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of Clinical Sciences. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Local Health Care Services in Central Östergötland, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry in Linköping.
    Berterö, Carina
    Linköping University, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Division of Nursing Science. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Parental opinions of their child's experience in the legal process: an interpretative analysis2014In: Journal of Child Sexual Abuse, ISSN 1053-8712, E-ISSN 1547-0679, Vol. 23, no 3, p. 290-303Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The aim of this study is to demonstrate how parents of children who are victims of sexual assault experience the legal process from the children’s and parents’ perspective. Nine parents, identified in the records of three public prosecution offices in three cities in Sweden, were interviewed. The parents described feelings of shame and guilt over what their children had experienced. They felt stigmatized and had difficulty fulfilling their parental role, perceived a lack of information and support from the professionals involved, and experienced a sense of withdrawal from their role as parents, though they felt the professionals who worked with their children were helpful and influential.

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  • 27.
    Bajbouj, Khuloud
    et al.
    Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, UAE.
    Shafarin, Jasmin
    Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, UAE.
    Allam, Hilda
    Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Health Sciences.
    Madkour, Mohamed
    Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Health Sciences.
    Awadallah, Samir
    Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, UAE; Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Health Sciences.
    El-Serafi, Ahmed Taher
    Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, UAE; College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, UAE.
    Sandeep, Divyasree
    Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, UAE.
    Hamad, Mawieh
    Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, UAE; Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Health Sciences.
    Elevated Levels of Estrogen Suppress Hepcidin Synthesis and Enhance Serum Iron Availability in Premenopausal Women2018In: Experimental and clinical endocrinology & diabetes, ISSN 0947-7349, E-ISSN 1439-3646, Vol. 126, no 07, p. 453-459Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Clinical and experimental observations have long suggested that elevated levels of estrogen associate with increased serum iron availability. Additionally, recent work has shown that estrogen can downregulate hepcidin synthesis in vitro. This study aims at assessing whether the ability of estrogen to downregulate hepcidin synthesis translates into changes in serum iron status. Hepcidin synthesis was evaluated in MCF-7, Hep-G2 and SKOV-3 cells treated with increasing concentrations of estrogen and cultured for up to 24 h post treatment. The correlation between levels of serum estrogen, hepcidin and iron was assessed using serum samples collected from 153 premenopausal women at random and samples collected from 6 women at days 1, 5, 10, 16, 21 and 28 of the monthly cycle. Estrogen-treated MCF-7 cells showed a significant reduction in hepcidin synthesis, especially at 20 nM/24 h E2 treatment. Hepcidin synthesis was also significantly reduced in Hep-G2 and SKOV-3 cells at 20 nM/24 h E2 treatment. In serum samples collected at random, estrogen (P=0.022; R=-0.213) and iron (P=0.028; R=-0.316) correlated negatively with hepcidin and positively with each other (P=0.033; R=0.319). An overall similar pattern was also observed in monthly cycle-timed samples. These findings suggest that elevated levels of estrogen reduce hepcidin synthesis as means of enhancing serum iron content in menstruating women.

  • 28.
    Bergfors, Elisabet
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Medical and Health Sciences. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Local Health Care Services in West Östergötland, Research & Development Unit in Local Health Care. University of Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Hermansson, Göran
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of Clinical Sciences. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Center of Paediatrics and Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Department of Paediatrics in Linköping.
    Nyström Kronander, Ulla
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of Inflammation Medicine. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Heart and Medicine Center, Allergy Center.
    Falk, Lars
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of Inflammation Medicine. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Local Health Care Services in West Östergötland, Research & Development Unit in Local Health Care. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Heart and Medicine Center, Department of Dermatology and Venerology.
    Valter, Lars
    Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Local Health Care Services in West Östergötland, Research & Development Unit in Local Health Care.
    Trollfors, Birger
    Sahlgrenska University Hospital-East, Gothenburg, Sweden .
    How common are long-lasting, intensely itching vaccination granulomas and contact allergy to aluminium induced by currently used pediatric vaccines? A prospective cohort study2014In: European Journal of Pediatrics, ISSN 0340-6199, E-ISSN 1432-1076, Vol. 173, no 10, p. 1297-1307Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The frequency of long-lasting, intensely itching subcutaneous nodules at the injection site for aluminium (Al)-adsorbed vaccines (vaccination granulomas) was investigated in a prospective cohort study comprising 4,758 children who received either a diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis-polio-Haemophilus influenzae type b vaccine (Infanrix®, Pentavac®) alone or concomitant with a pneumococcal conjugate (Prevenar). Both vaccines were adsorbed to an Al adjuvant. Altogether 38 children (0.83 %) with itching granulomas were identified, epicutaneously tested for Al sensitisation and followed yearly. Contact allergy to Al was verified in 85 %. The median duration of symptoms was 22 months in those hitherto recovered. The frequency of granulomas induced by Infanrix® was >0.66 % and by Prevenar >0.35 %. The risk for granulomas increased from 0.63 to 1.18 % when a second Al-adsorbed vaccine was added to the schedule. Conclusion: Long-lasting itching vaccination granulomas are poorly understood but more frequent than previously known after infant vaccination with commonly used diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis-polio-Haemophilus influenzae type b and pneumococcal conjugate vaccines. The risk increases with the number of vaccines given. Most children with itching granulomas become contact allergic to aluminium. Itching vaccination granulomas are benign but may be troublesome and should be recognised early in primary health care to avoid unnecessary investigations, anxiety and mistrust.

  • 29.
    Bergfors, Elisabet
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Medical and Health Sciences. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Local Health Care Services in West Östergötland, Research & Development Unit in Local Health Care.
    Lundmark, Katarzyna
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of Inflammation Medicine. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Center for Diagnostics, Department of Clinical Pathology and Clinical Genetics.
    Nyström Kronander, Ulla
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Allergy Centre. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Heart and Medicine Center, Allergy Center.
    A child with a long-standing, intensely itching subcutaneous nodule on a thigh: an uncommon (?) reaction to commonly used vaccines2013In: BMJ Case Reports, E-ISSN 1757-790XArticle in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    A 2-year-old girl presented with an intensely itching subcutaneous nodule on the front of a thigh. The nodule persisted for 10 months until it was excised. Subsequent investigation for malignancy and systemic disease showed no pathological findings. The diagnosis, persistent itching vaccination granuloma, was revealed by hazard almost 2 years after the onset of symptoms. Persistent itching subcutaneous nodules at the injection site for aluminium containing vaccines (mostly diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis combination vaccines for primary immunisation of infants) may appear with a long delay after the vaccination (months), cause prolonged itching (years) and are often associated with contact allergy to aluminium. The condition is poorly recognised in Health Care which may lead to prolonged symptoms and unnecessary investigations.

  • 30.
    Bergfors, Elisabet
    et al.
    Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Local Health Care Services in the West of Östergötland, Unit of Research and Development in Local Health Care, County of Östergötland. Linköping University, Department of Medical and Health Sciences. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Trollfors, Birger
    Göteborgs universitet, Avdelning för pediatrik.
    Long-lasting itching subcutaneous granulomas and contact allergy to aluminium in children after diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis vaccination2012In: WONCA Europe Vienna, July 4-7 2012, 2012Conference paper (Other academic)
    Download full text (pdf)
    WONCA Long-lasting itching subcutaneous granulomas
  • 31.
    Bergfors, Elisabet
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Medical and Health Sciences. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Local Health Care Services in the West of Östergötland, Unit of Research and Development in Local Health Care, County of Östergötland.
    Trollfors, Birger
    Department of Paediatrics, Sahlgrenska University Hospital-East, Gothenburg, Sweden .
    Sixty-four children with persistent itching nodules and contact allergy to aluminium after vaccination with aluminium-adsorbed vaccines-prognosis and outcome after booster vaccination2013In: European Journal of Pediatrics, ISSN 0340-6199, E-ISSN 1432-1076, Vol. 172, no 2, p. 171-177Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Persistent itching subcutaneous nodules and aluminium (Al) allergy have been described after vaccination with Al-adsorbed vaccines but are considered rare. Little is known about the prognosis. Sixty-four children with itching nodules following vaccination with diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis (DTP) vaccines currently used in Sweden (Infanrix® and Pentavac®) were spontaneously reported to the authors from 1999 and followed for up to 12 years. The median duration of itching was 5 years in the 44 children who were free or almost free from symptoms at the latest follow-up. Typical findings were a long interval between vaccination and onset of symptoms (months or years) and intensified itching during intercurrent infections. Contact allergy to aluminium was demonstrated in 60/63 children (95 %). Neither the incidence nor differences between the two vaccines can be estimated from this study, but vaccine-induced itching nodules are probably more common than hitherto realised. The median interval between onset of symptoms and diagnosis was 8 months in a region where nurses were educated to recognise the condition compared to 2 years in other regions. Booster vaccination with DTP-polio was postponed or declined by 15/40 families in fear for new problems. Out of 25 children who received a booster dose, only two had new itching nodules. Conclusion: Intensely itching subcutaneous nodules (vaccination granulomas) and contact allergy to aluminium may occur after primary vaccination with the two most commonly used DTP vaccines in Europe. The condition is probably underreported. Symptoms may last for at least 4-5 years but eventually seem to subside.

  • 32.
    Bernhardsson, Susanne
    et al.
    Reg Vastra Gotaland, Sweden; Univ Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Boman, Charlotte
    Univ Gothenburg, Sweden; Reg Vastra Gotaland, Sweden.
    Lundqvist, Stefan
    Reg Vastra Gotaland, Sweden; Univ Gothenburg, Sweden; Reg Vastra Gotaland, Sweden.
    Arvidsson, Daniel
    Univ Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Borjesson, Mats
    Univ Gothenburg, Sweden; Univ Gothenburg, Sweden; Sahlgrens Univ Hosp, Sweden.
    Larsson, Maria E. H.
    Reg Vastra Gotaland, Sweden; Univ Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Lundh, Hannah
    Reg Vastra Gotaland, Sweden; Univ Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Melin, Karin
    Univ Gothenburg, Sweden; Sahlgrens Univ Hosp, Sweden.
    Nilsen, Per
    Linköping University, Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Division of Society and Health. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences.
    Lauruschkus, Katarina
    Lund Univ, Sweden.
    Implementation of physical activity on prescription for children with obesity in paediatric health care (IMPA): protocol for a feasibility and evaluation study using quantitative and qualitative methods2022In: Pilot and Feasibility Studies, E-ISSN 2055-5784, Vol. 8, no 1, article id 117Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Background: Physical inactivity is a main cause of childhood obesity which tracks into adulthood obesity, making it important to address early in life. Physical activity on prescription (PAP) is an evidence-based intervention that has shown good effect on physical activity levels in adults, but has not been evaluated in children with obesity. This project aims to evaluate the prerequisites, determinants, and feasibility of implementing PAP adapted to children with obesity and to explore childrens, parents, and healthcare providers experiences of PAP. Methods: In the first phase of the project, healthcare providers and managers from 26 paediatric clinics in Region Vastra Gotaland, Sweden, will be invited to participate in a web-based survey and a subset of this sample for a focus group study. Findings from these two data collections will form the basis for adaptation of PAP to the target group and context. In a second phase, this adapted PAP intervention will be evaluated in a clinical study in a sample of approximately 60 children with obesity (ISO-BMI > 30) between 6 and 12 years of age and one of their parents/legal guardians. Implementation process and clinical outcomes will be assessed pre- and post-intervention and at 8 and 12 months follow-up. Implementation outcomes are the four core constructs of the Normalization Process Theory; coherence, cognitive participation, collective action, and reflexive monitoring; and appropriateness, acceptability, and feasibility of the PAP intervention. Additional implementation process outcomes are recruitment and attrition rates, intervention fidelity, dose, and adherence. Clinical outcomes are physical activity pattern, BMI, metabolic risk factors, health-related quality of life, sleep, and self-efficacy and motivation for physical activity. Lastly, we will explore the perspectives of children and parents in semi-structured interviews. Design and analysis of the included studies are guided by the Normalization Process Theory. Discussion: This project will provide new knowledge regarding the feasibility of PAP for children with obesity and about whether and how an evidence-based intervention can be fitted and adapted to new contexts and populations. The results may inform a larger scale trial and future implementation and may enhance the role of PAP in the management of obesity in paediatric health care in Sweden.

  • 33.
    Bjoerkander, S.
    et al.
    Stockholm Univ, Sweden; Karolinska Inst, Sweden.
    Carvalho-Queiroz, C.
    Stockholm Univ, Sweden.
    Hallberg, J.
    Karolinska Inst, Sweden; Sachs Children & Youth Hosp, Sweden; Karolinska Inst, Sweden.
    Persson, J-O
    Stockholm Univ, Sweden.
    Johansson, M. A.
    Stockholm Univ, Sweden.
    Nussbaum, B.
    Stockholm Univ, Sweden.
    Jenmalm, Maria
    Linköping University, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Division of Inflammation and Infection. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences.
    Nilsson, C.
    Karolinska Inst, Sweden; Sachs Children & Youth Hosp, Sweden.
    Sverremark-Ekstroem, E.
    Stockholm Univ, Sweden.
    Childhood allergy is preceded by an absence of gut lactobacilli species and higher levels of atopy-related plasma chemokines2020In: Clinical and Experimental Immunology, ISSN 0009-9104, E-ISSN 1365-2249, Vol. 202, no 3, p. 288-299Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Alterations in the composition and reduced diversity of the infant microbiome are associated with allergic disease in children. Further, an altered microbiota is linked to immune dysregulation, including skewing of different T helper (Th) subsets, which is also seen in atopic individuals. The aim of this study was, therefore, to investigate the associations between gut lactobacilli and Th-related plasma factors in allergy development during childhood. A total of 194 children with known allergy status at 1 year of age were followed to 10 years of age. We used real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to investigate the presence of three lactobacilli species (Lactobacillus casei,L. paracasei,L. rhamnosus) in infant fecal samples (collected between 1 week and 2 months of age) from a subgroup of children. Plasma chemokines and cytokines were quantified at 6 months and at 1, 2, 5 and 10 years of age with Luminex or enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Fractional exhaled nitrogen oxide (FeNO) was measured and spirometry performed at 10 years of age. The data were analysed by non-parametric testing and a logistic regression model adjusted for parental allergy. An absence of these lactobacilli and higher levels of the chemokines BCA-1/CXCL13, CCL17/TARC, MIP-3 alpha/CCL20 and MDC/CCL22 in plasma at 6 months of age preceded allergy development. The presence of lactobacilli associated with lower levels of atopy-related chemokines during infancy, together with higher levels of interferon (IFN)-gamma and lower FeNO during later childhood. The results indicate that the presence of certain lactobacilli species in the infant gut may influence allergy-related parameters in the peripheral immune system, and thereby contribute to allergy protection.

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  • 34. Order onlineBuy this publication >>
    Bladh, Marie
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of Clinical Sciences. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Region Östergötland, Center of Paediatrics and Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics in Linköping.
    Birth Characteristics’ Impacton Future Reproduction and Morbidity Among Twins an dSingletons2015Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    Globally, in both developed and developing countries, the twinning rates have increased since the early 70’s. A large proportion of twins are born preterm and/or small-for-gestational-age (SGA) and/or with a low birth weight. Several studies have been performed on the long-term effect of these non-optimal birth characteristics on future reproductive performance and morbidity. Yet, most studies exclude twins or higher order pregnancies and thus the findings are based on singleton pregnancies only.

    The aim of the present thesis was therefore to investigate the impact of non-optimal birth characteristics in terms of preterm birth, small-for-gestational age, and low birth weight, on the reproductive pattern and morbidity among twins and singletons Furthermore, the present thesis attempted to establish whether twins and singletons were affected in the same manner.

    The studies included in this thesis are prospective population-based register studies, including all men and women, alive and living in Sweden at age 13, who were born between 1973 and 1983 (1,000,037 singletons and 16,561 twins) for the first three studies with follow-up till the end of 2006 and 2009. The last study included all men and women, alive and living in Sweden at age 13, who were born between 1973 and 1993 (2,051,479 singletons and 39,726 twins) with follow-up till the end of 2012.

    In general, twins were found less likely to reproduce between 13 and 33 years of age compared with singletons. Stratifying data by different birth characteristics, it was found that twins had a lower likelihood of reproducing on several different birth characteristics (appropriate-for-gestational-age, normal birth weight, low birth weight, term birth, preterm birth). However, twins born very preterm had an increased likelihood of reproducing compared with singletons born very preterm.

    Not taking birth characteristics into account, twinning was associated with a higher degree of hospitalization. However, accounting for the diverging birth characteristics this difference diminished and for some diagnoses the relationship was reversed such that twins were actually less likely to be hospitalized compared with singletons.

    In terms of the heritability of non-optimal birth characteristics singleton mothers born preterm were more predisposed to give birth to a child that was preterm while singleton mothers born SGA more often gave birth to a child either born preterm or SGA. Among twins this heritability was not as evident. The only difference observed was among twin mothers born SGA who were more likely to give birth to a child born SGA.

    In the extended cohort comprising those born between 1973 and 1993, male and female twins were found to be less likely to become parents compared with singletons. No difference was found among women in terms of having a second child, while male twins were more likely to have a second child compared with male singletons. It was also found that the likelihood of becoming a first-time parent and second-time parent was positively associated with the number of siblings.

    List of papers
    1. Reproductive patterns among twins: a Swedish register study of men and women born 1973-1983
    Open this publication in new window or tab >>Reproductive patterns among twins: a Swedish register study of men and women born 1973-1983
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    2013 (English)In: BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth, ISSN 1471-2393, E-ISSN 1471-2393, Vol. 13Article in journal (Refereed) Published
    Abstract [en]

    Background

    During the last decades there has been a steady increase of twin births. A combination of improved medical treatment of preterm and small-for-gestational age children has contributed to a higher number of surviving twins. Prematurity is known to affect reproduction in a negative way. Few studies have focused on the potential effect twinning may have on future reproduction. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of being born a twin compared to being born a singleton have on future reproduction.

    Methods

    In a national population-based register study, all individuals born between 1973–1983 who were alive and living in Sweden at 13 years of age (n = 1 016 908) constituted the sample. Data on each study subject’s own birth as well as the birth of their first offspring, and parental socio-demographic factors were collected from Swedish population based registers. Hazard ratios and corresponding 95% CI was calculated using Cox proportional hazards model.

    Results

    Twins, both men and women, had a reduced likelihood of reproducing compared to singletons (women: HR = 0.89, 95% CI = 0.86-0.93; men: HR = 0.92, 95% CI = 0.87-0.97). This difference in birth rates can only partly be explained by diverging birth characteristics. Amongst men and women born very preterm, twins had an increased likelihood of reproducing compared to singletons (women: HR = 1.25, 95% CI = 1.02-1.62; men: HR = 1.34, 95% CI = 1.01-1.78).

    Conclusions

    Twins have lower reproduction rates compared to singletons, which only to a certain degree can be explained by diverging birth characteristics.

    Keywords
    Twin, Singleton, Reproduction rate, Birth characteristics
    National Category
    Medical and Health Sciences
    Identifiers
    urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-89750 (URN)10.1186/1471-2393-13-6 (DOI)000314290200001 ()
    Note

    Funding Agencies|Medical Research Council of Southeast Sweden||

    Available from: 2013-03-05 Created: 2013-03-05 Last updated: 2024-01-10
    2. Hospitalization in Adolescence and Young Adulthood Among Twins and Singletons: A Swedish Cohort Study of Subjects Born Between 1973 and 1983
    Open this publication in new window or tab >>Hospitalization in Adolescence and Young Adulthood Among Twins and Singletons: A Swedish Cohort Study of Subjects Born Between 1973 and 1983
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    2013 (English)In: Twin Research and Human Genetics, ISSN 1832-4274, E-ISSN 1839-2628, Vol. 16, no 3, p. 707-715Article in journal (Refereed) Published
    Abstract [en]

    Children born with non-optimal birth characteristics — that is, are small for gestational age and/or preterm — have an increased risk for several long-term effects such as neurological sequelae and chronic disease. The purpose of this study was to examine whether twins exhibited a different outcome, compared with singletons, in terms of hospitalization during adolescence and early adulthood, and to what extent differences remain when considering the divergence in birth characteristics between singletons and twins. Persons born between 1973 and 1983 in Sweden and surviving until age 13 were included and followed until the end of 2006. Data on birth characteristics, parental socio-demographic factors, and hospitalizations were collected from national registers. Adjusting for parental socio-demographic factors, twins had a higher risk of being hospitalized than singletons (odds ratio, OR = 1.17, 95% confidence interval, CI = 1.10–1.25) and more often due to ‘Congenital anomalies’ (OR = 1.18, 95% CI = 1.06–1.28), ‘Infections’ (OR = 1.14; 95% CI = 1.08–1.20), ‘External causes of illness’ (OR = 1.10, 95% CI = 1.06–1.15), and ‘Diseases of the nervous system’ (OR = 1.18, 95% CI = 1.10–1.26). Stratifying for birth characteristics, this difference diminishes, and for some diagnoses non-optimal twins seem to do slightly better than non-optimal singletons. Thus, twins with non-optimal birth characteristics had a lower risk of hospitalization than non-optimal singletons on, for example, ‘Congenital anomalies’ and ‘Diseases of the nervous system’ (OR = 0.86, 95% CI = 0.77–0.96; OR = 0.88, 95% CI = 0.81–0.97, respectively) and Total (any) hospitalization (OR = 0.87, 95% CI = 0.83–0.92). Among those with optimal birth characteristics, twins had an increased hospitalization due to ‘External causes of illness’ (OR = 1.07, 95% CI = 1.02–1.13) compared with optimal singletons. Twins have higher hospitalization rates than singletons. In stratifying for birth characteristics, this difference diminishes, and for some diagnoses, non-optimal twins seem to do less poorly than non-optimal singletons.

    Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
    Cambridge University Press (CUP), 2013
    Keywords
    twin, singleton, morbidity, SGA, preterm, low birthweight
    National Category
    Medical and Health Sciences
    Identifiers
    urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-94317 (URN)10.1017/thg.2013.27 (DOI)000319127400007 ()
    Available from: 2013-06-24 Created: 2013-06-24 Last updated: 2024-01-10
    3. Intergenerational cohort study of preterm and small-for-gestational-age birth in twins and singletons
    Open this publication in new window or tab >>Intergenerational cohort study of preterm and small-for-gestational-age birth in twins and singletons
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    2015 (English)In: Twin Research and Human Genetics, ISSN 1832-4274, E-ISSN 1839-2628, Vol. 18, no 5, p. 581-590Article in journal (Refereed) Published
    Abstract [en]

    To date several studies have investigated the intergenerational effect of preterm and small-for-gestational-age births. However, most studies excluded both twin mothers and twin offspring from the analyses. Thus, the objective of this study was to investigate the intergenerational effect of preterm birth and small for gestational age (SGA) among twins and singletons.

    A prospective population based register study of mother-first-born offspring pairs recorded in the Swedish Medical Birth Register was performed. The study included 4073 twins and 264,794 singletons born in 1973-1983 and their firstborns born in 1986-2009. Preterm birth was defined as birth <37 weeks of gestation and SGA as < 2 standard deviations of the Swedish standard. Logistic regressions were performed to estimate the intergenerational effect of each birth characteristic. Adjustments were made for maternal grandmothers and mother’s socio-demographic factors in addition to maternal birth- characteristics.

    Among mothers born as singletons, being born preterm was associated with an increased risk for delivering a preterm child (adjusted OR 1.39, 95% CI 1.29-1.50) while being born SGA increased the likelihood of a SGA child (adjusted OR 3.04, 95% CI 2.80-3.30) as well as a preterm child (adjusted OR 1.30, 95% CI 1.20-1.40). In twin mothers, the corresponding ORs tended to be lower and the only statistically significant association was between a SGA mother and a SGA child (adjusted OR 2.15, 95% CI 1.40-3.31). A statistically significant interaction between twinning and mother’s size for gestational was identified in a multivariate linear regression analysis indicating that singleton mothers born SGA were associated with a lower birth weight compared to mothers not born SGA.

    Preterm birth and SGA appear to be transferred from one generation to the next, although not always reaching statistical significance. These effects seem to be less evident in mothers born as twins compared with those born as singletons.

    Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
    Cambridge University Press, 2015
    National Category
    Pediatrics Health Sciences
    Identifiers
    urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-121275 (URN)10.1017/thg.2015.60 (DOI)000361660800010 ()
    Note

    Funding: Medical Research Council of Southeast Sweden

    Available from: 2015-09-11 Created: 2015-09-11 Last updated: 2024-01-10Bibliographically approved
    4. Reproductive pattern among twins and singletons in relation to number of siblings: a Swedish cohort study of individuals born between 1973 and 1993
    Open this publication in new window or tab >>Reproductive pattern among twins and singletons in relation to number of siblings: a Swedish cohort study of individuals born between 1973 and 1993
    Show others...
    2015 (English)Manuscript (preprint) (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    Background Twinning has been shown to be associated with a reduced reproductive rate compared to singletons. This can partly be explained by the birth-characteristics pertaining to twinning as many twins are born preterm, with low birth weight or small for gestational age. However, the intergenerational reproductive rate may also be due to familial factors such as number of siblings.

    Methods This is a register-based study of all men and women born in Sweden between 1973 and 1993 who were living in Sweden at 13 years of age. Data on the study objects’ own births as well as their offspring, parental socio-demographic factors were collected from Swedish population based registers. Hazard ratios for the likelihood of becoming a parent were estimated using Cox’s proportion hazard models. All models were adjusted for socio-demographic and birth characteristics.

    Results Adjusting for number of siblings, socio-demographic factors and birth characteristics, twinning was associated with a decreased likelihood of becoming a first-time parent, compared with singletons both for females (HR (95% CI)=0.90 (0.88-0.93) and males (HR (95% CI)=0.96 (0.93-0.99). Having 3 or more siblings increased the chance of becoming a first-time parent among both male twins (HR (95% CI)=1.17 (1.08-1.27)) and singletons (HR (95% CI)=1.16 (1.15-1.18)) compared to having fewer than 3 siblings. This increased likelihood of becoming a parent was also present among female twins (HR (95% CI)=1.18 (1.10-1.26)) and singletons (HR (95% CI)=1.22 (1.21-1.24)).

    Conclusions Twins have a decreased likelihood of becoming a parent compared to singletons even when adjusting for number of siblings.

    Keywords
    Twinning, reproduction, siblings, prematurity, size for gestational age, birth weight
    National Category
    Pediatrics Health Sciences
    Identifiers
    urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-121276 (URN)
    Available from: 2015-09-11 Created: 2015-09-11 Last updated: 2024-01-10Bibliographically approved
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    Birth Characteristics’ Impacton Future Reproduction and Morbidity Among Twins an dSingletons
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  • 35.
    Bladh, Marie
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of Clinical Sciences. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Region Östergötland, Center of Paediatrics and Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics in Linköping.
    Josefsson, Ann
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of Clinical Sciences. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Region Östergötland, Center of Paediatrics and Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics in Linköping.
    Carstensen, John
    Linköping University, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Division of Health Care Analysis. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences.
    Finnström, Orvar
    Region Östergötland, Center of Paediatrics and Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Department of Paediatrics in Linköping. Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of Clinical Sciences. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences.
    Sydsjö, Gunilla
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of Clinical Sciences. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Region Östergötland, Center of Paediatrics and Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics in Linköping.
    Intergenerational cohort study of preterm and small-for-gestational-age birth in twins and singletons2015In: Twin Research and Human Genetics, ISSN 1832-4274, E-ISSN 1839-2628, Vol. 18, no 5, p. 581-590Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    To date several studies have investigated the intergenerational effect of preterm and small-for-gestational-age births. However, most studies excluded both twin mothers and twin offspring from the analyses. Thus, the objective of this study was to investigate the intergenerational effect of preterm birth and small for gestational age (SGA) among twins and singletons.

    A prospective population based register study of mother-first-born offspring pairs recorded in the Swedish Medical Birth Register was performed. The study included 4073 twins and 264,794 singletons born in 1973-1983 and their firstborns born in 1986-2009. Preterm birth was defined as birth <37 weeks of gestation and SGA as < 2 standard deviations of the Swedish standard. Logistic regressions were performed to estimate the intergenerational effect of each birth characteristic. Adjustments were made for maternal grandmothers and mother’s socio-demographic factors in addition to maternal birth- characteristics.

    Among mothers born as singletons, being born preterm was associated with an increased risk for delivering a preterm child (adjusted OR 1.39, 95% CI 1.29-1.50) while being born SGA increased the likelihood of a SGA child (adjusted OR 3.04, 95% CI 2.80-3.30) as well as a preterm child (adjusted OR 1.30, 95% CI 1.20-1.40). In twin mothers, the corresponding ORs tended to be lower and the only statistically significant association was between a SGA mother and a SGA child (adjusted OR 2.15, 95% CI 1.40-3.31). A statistically significant interaction between twinning and mother’s size for gestational was identified in a multivariate linear regression analysis indicating that singleton mothers born SGA were associated with a lower birth weight compared to mothers not born SGA.

    Preterm birth and SGA appear to be transferred from one generation to the next, although not always reaching statistical significance. These effects seem to be less evident in mothers born as twins compared with those born as singletons.

  • 36.
    Bladh, Marie
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of Clinical Sciences. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Region Östergötland, Center of Paediatrics and Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics in Linköping.
    Josefsson, Ann
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of Clinical Sciences. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Region Östergötland, Center of Paediatrics and Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics in Linköping.
    Carstensen, John
    Linköping University, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Division of Health Care Analysis. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences.
    Finnström, Orvar
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Region Östergötland, Center of Paediatrics and Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Department of Paediatrics in Linköping.
    Sydsjö, Gunilla
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of Clinical Sciences. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Region Östergötland, Center of Paediatrics and Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics in Linköping.
    Reproductive pattern among twins and singletons in relation to number of siblings: a Swedish cohort study of individuals born between 1973 and 19932015Manuscript (preprint) (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    Background Twinning has been shown to be associated with a reduced reproductive rate compared to singletons. This can partly be explained by the birth-characteristics pertaining to twinning as many twins are born preterm, with low birth weight or small for gestational age. However, the intergenerational reproductive rate may also be due to familial factors such as number of siblings.

    Methods This is a register-based study of all men and women born in Sweden between 1973 and 1993 who were living in Sweden at 13 years of age. Data on the study objects’ own births as well as their offspring, parental socio-demographic factors were collected from Swedish population based registers. Hazard ratios for the likelihood of becoming a parent were estimated using Cox’s proportion hazard models. All models were adjusted for socio-demographic and birth characteristics.

    Results Adjusting for number of siblings, socio-demographic factors and birth characteristics, twinning was associated with a decreased likelihood of becoming a first-time parent, compared with singletons both for females (HR (95% CI)=0.90 (0.88-0.93) and males (HR (95% CI)=0.96 (0.93-0.99). Having 3 or more siblings increased the chance of becoming a first-time parent among both male twins (HR (95% CI)=1.17 (1.08-1.27)) and singletons (HR (95% CI)=1.16 (1.15-1.18)) compared to having fewer than 3 siblings. This increased likelihood of becoming a parent was also present among female twins (HR (95% CI)=1.18 (1.10-1.26)) and singletons (HR (95% CI)=1.22 (1.21-1.24)).

    Conclusions Twins have a decreased likelihood of becoming a parent compared to singletons even when adjusting for number of siblings.

  • 37.
    Bladh, Marie
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Division of Children's and Women's Health. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Region Östergötland, Center of Paediatrics and Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics in Linköping.
    Svedin, Carl Goran
    Marie Cederschiold Univ, Sweden.
    Agnafors, Sara
    Linköping University, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Division of Children's and Women's Health. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences.
    Predictors of educational failure at 16 and 19 years of age-SESBiC longitudinal study2023In: PLOS ONE, E-ISSN 1932-6203, Vol. 18, no 1, article id e0279531Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Background Educational attainment is highly associated with future health and independence. Throughout childhood, children are exposed to factors that may promote educational attainment and factors that may be associated with a reduced likelihood of being able to complete their education. The purpose of the current study was to investigate which factors, measured from birth up to finishing upper secondary school, were associated with a lower mean grade point average from lower and upper secondary school as well as eligibility to upper secondary school and college/university. Methods This is a longitudinal study on 1723 children born in 1995/1996 who have been followed until they were 20 years old. Information with respect to maternal sociodemographics, maternal stress factors during pregnancy and childhood, birth characteristics of the child, child behavior at 3 and 12 years of age, and mean grade point average from lower and upper secondary school, including eligibility to upper secondary school and college/university was collected. Results Children exhibiting high problems scores on the child behavior checklist at 12 years of age and children or having other living arrangements (e.g. foster parents or institutional care) were less likely to fulfill the requirements for upper secondary school (OR = 0.35, 95% CI = 0.17-0.71 and OR = 0.33 95% CI = 0.17-0.65, respectively). The likelihood of fulfilling the requirements to college/university was lower if the child had divorced parents at three years of age (OR = 0.30, 95% CI = 0.16-0.58) and exhibited externalizing problems at 12 years of age (OR = 0.45, 95% CI = 0.24-0.86) and if the mother had experienced high level of stress at (OR = 0.32, 95% CI = 0.14-0.77). Conclusion Identifying mothers with high level of stressors as well as children with externalizing behaviour problems to provide guidance and support is very important as these two factors appear to be associated with future study performance in both lower and upper secondary school.

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  • 38.
    Bolk, Jenny
    et al.
    Karolinska Inst, Sweden; Soder Sjukhuset, Sweden; Soder Sjukhuset, Sweden.
    Simatou, Eleni
    Karolinska Inst, Sweden; Karolinska Univ Hosp, Sweden.
    Söderling, Jonas
    Karolinska Inst, Sweden.
    Thorell, Lisa B.
    Karolinska Inst, Sweden.
    Persson, Martina
    Karolinska Inst, Sweden; Soder Sjukhuset, Sweden; Soder Sjukhuset, Sweden.
    Sundelin, Heléne
    Linköping University, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Division of Children's and Women's Health. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Region Östergötland, Center of Paediatrics and Gynaecology and Obstetrics, H.K.H. Kronprinsessan Victorias barn- och ungdomssjukhus. Karolinska Univ Hosp, Sweden.
    Association of Perinatal and Childhood Ischemic Stroke With Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder2022In: JAMA Network Open, E-ISSN 2574-3805, Vol. 5, no 4, article id e228884Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    IMPORTANCE Early detection of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) plays a crucial role in reducing negative effects on everyday life, including academic failure and poor social functioning. Children who survive ischemic strokes risk major disabilities, but their risk of ADHD has not been studied in nationwide cohorts. OBJECTIVE To assess the risk of ADHD in children after pediatric ischemic stroke. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS Participants in this Swedish nationwide cohort study included 1320 children diagnosed with ischemic stroke recorded in linked Swedish national registers from January 1, 1969, to December 31, 2016, without prior ADHD diagnosis. Ten matched controls were identified for each index case, and first-degree relatives were identified for index individuals and controls. Analyses were stratified by perinatal and childhood strokes and presence of comorbid adverse motor outcomes and/or epilepsy. End of follow-up was the date of ADHD diagnosis, death, or December 31, 2016, whichever occurred first. Data analyses were performed August 1 to 28, 2021. EXPOSURES Pediatric ischemic stroke. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder identified using codes from the International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, and international Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, Tenth Revision, and/or prescribed ADHD medication recorded in the Medical Birth Register, National Patient Register, or Prescribed Drug Register after stroke. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to assess adjusted hazard ratios (aHRs) for ADHD after pediatric stroke, adjusting for parental age and ADHD in first-degree relatives. RESULTS Of 1320 children with stroke included in the analysis (701 boys [53.1%]), 75 (45 boys [60.0%]) were diagnosed with ADHD after stroke compared with 376 (252 boys [67.0%]) among the controls (aHR, 2.00 [95% CI, 1.54-2.60]). The risk was increased after both perinatal (aHR, 2.75 [95% CI, 1.65-4.60]) and childhood (aHR, 1.82 [95% CI, 1.34-2.48]) strokes and were similar if children born preterm or small for gestational age were excluded. Compared with controls, risks of ADHD were higher among children with perinatal stroke and adverse motor outcomes and/or epilepsy (aHR, 6.17 [95% CI, 2.80-13.62]) than among those without these comorbidities (aHR, 1.65 [95% CI, 0.80-3.42]). However, findings were similar in childhood stroke for children with adverse motor outcomes and/or epilepsy (aHR, 1.80 [95% CI, 1.12-2.89]) and among those without these comorbidities (aHR, 1.92 [95% CI, 1.28-2.90]). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE This cohort study of 1320 children with pediatric ischemic stroke suggests that there is an increased risk of ADHD. particularly in children with adverse motor outcomes and/or epilepsy, compared with controls. The risk increases after childhood strokes regardless of comorbidities.

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  • 39.
    Bonouvrie, Danielle S.
    et al.
    Maxima Med Ctr, Netherlands.
    Beamish, Andrew J.
    Gothenburg Univ, Sweden; Royal Coll Surgeons England, England.
    Leclercq, Wouter K. G.
    Maxima Med Ctr, Netherlands.
    van Mil, Edgar G. A. H.
    Jeroen Bosch Hosp, Netherlands.
    Luijten, Arijan A. P. M.
    Maxima Med Ctr, Netherlands.
    Hazebroek, Eric J.
    Rijnstate Hosp, Netherlands.
    Vreugdenhil, Anita C. E.
    Maastricht Univ, Netherlands.
    Olbers, Torsten
    Linköping University, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Division of Surgery, Orthopedics and Oncology. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Region Östergötland, Center for Surgery, Orthopaedics and Cancer Treatment, Department of Surgery in Norrköping.
    van Dielen, Francois M. H.
    Maxima Med Ctr, Netherlands.
    Laparoscopic roux-en-Y gastric bypass versus sleeve gastrectomy for teenagers with severe obesity-TEEN-BEST: study protocol of a multicenter randomized controlled trial2020In: BMC Surgery, E-ISSN 1471-2482, Vol. 20, no 1, article id 117Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Background Recent data support the use of bariatric surgery in adolescents with severe obesity following unsuccessful non-surgical treatments. Sleeve gastrectomy (SG) and Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) have demonstrated reasonably similar weight loss and reduction of obesity related comorbidities in randomized trials in adults. SG has internationally become the most commonly used procedure in adolescents, yet long-term outcome data are lacking. No randomized controlled trial comparing SG and RYGB has been performed in adolescents. Objective Determine whether SG is non-inferior to RYGB in terms of total body weight (TBW) loss in adolescents with severe obesity. Methods A multicenter randomized controlled non-inferiority trial. Two hundred sixty-four adolescents aged 13-17 (Tanner stage &gt;= IV) with severe obesity (corrected for age and sex) will be included. Adolescents agreeing to participate will be randomized to either RYGB or SG. The primary outcome is the proportion of participants achieving 20% TBW loss at 3 years postoperatively. Secondary outcomes include (i) change in body weight, body mass index (BMI) and BMI standard deviation score, (ii) incidence of adverse health events and need for additional surgical intervention, (iii) resolution of obesity-related comorbidities, (iv) prevalence of cardio metabolic risk factor measures, (v) bone health measures and incidence of bone fractures, (vi) quality of life including psychosocial health, patient satisfaction and educational attainment and (vii) body composition. Follow-up will extend into the long term. Results Not applicable. Discussion This study will, to our knowledge, be the first randomized controlled trial comparing SG and RYGB in adolescents with severe obesity.

  • 40.
    Borgestig, Maria
    et al.
    Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Linköping University, Department of Social and Welfare Studies, Division of Occupational Therapy. Folke Bernadotte Regional Habilitation Centre and Department of Women´s and Children´s Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
    Sandqvist, Jan
    Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Linköping University, Department of Social and Welfare Studies, Division of Occupational Therapy.
    Parsons, Richard
    School of Occupational Therapy & Social Work, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia.
    Falkmer, Torbjörn
    Linköping University, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Division of Community Medicine. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Region Östergötland, Anaesthetics, Operations and Specialty Surgery Center, Pain and Rehabilitation Center. School of Occupational Therapy & Social Work, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia / School of Occupational Therapy, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
    Hemmingsson, Helena
    Linköping University, Department of Social and Welfare Studies, Division of Occupational Therapy. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences.
    Eye gaze performance for children with severe physical impairments using gaze-based assistive technology: a longitudinal study2016In: Assistive technology, ISSN 1040-0435, E-ISSN 1949-3614, Vol. 28, no 2, p. 93-102Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Gaze-based assistive technology (gaze-based AT) has the potential to provide children affected by severe physical impairments with opportunities for communication and activities. This study aimed to examine changes in eye gaze performance over time (time on task and accuracy) in children with severe physical impairments, without speaking ability, using gaze-based AT. A longitudinal study with an AB design was conducted on ten children (aged 1–15 years) with severe physical impairments, who were beginners to gaze-based AT at baseline. Thereafter, all children used the gaze-based AT in daily activities over the course of the study. Compass computer software was used to measure time on task and accuracy with eye selection of targets on screen, and tests were performed with the children at baseline, after 5 months, 9–11 months, and after 15–20 months. Findings showed that the children improved in time on task after 5 months and became more accurate in selecting targets after 15–20 months. This study indicates that these children with severe physical impairments, who were unable to speak, could improve in eye gaze performance. However, the children needed time to practice on a long-term basis to acquire skills needed to develop fast and accurate eye gaze performance.

  • 41.
    Boyle, Veronica T.
    et al.
    University of Auckland, New Zealand.
    Thorstensen, Eric B.
    University of Auckland, New Zealand.
    Mourath, David
    Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences.
    Beatrix Jones, M.
    Massey University, New Zealand.
    McCowan, Lesley M. E.
    University of Auckland, New Zealand.
    Kenny, Louise C.
    University of Coll Cork, Ireland.
    Baker, Philip N.
    University of Auckland, New Zealand; University of Leicester, England.
    The relationship between 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration in early pregnancy and pregnancy outcomes in a large, prospective cohort2016In: British Journal of Nutrition, ISSN 0007-1145, E-ISSN 1475-2662, Vol. 116, no 8, p. 1409-1415Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Vitamin D insufficiency and deficiency have been associated with an increased risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes. Controversy remains as findings have been inconsistent between disparate populations. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between vitamin D status and pregnancy outcomes in a large, prospective pregnancy cohort. 25-Hydroxyvitamin D concentration was analysed in serum samples collected at 15 weeks of gestation from 1710 New Zealand women participating in a large, observational study. Associations between vitamin D status and pre-eclampsia, preterm birth, small for gestational age (SGA) and gestational diabetes were investigated. The mean 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration was 729 nmol/l. In all, 23 % had 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations amp;lt; 50 nmol/l, and 5 % of participants had concentrations amp;lt; 25 nmol/l. Women with 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations amp;lt; 75 nmol/l at 15 weeks of gestation were more likely to develop gestational diabetes mellitus than those with concentrations amp;gt; 75 nmol/l (OR 23; 95 % CI 11, 51). However, this effect was not significant when adjustments were made for BMI and ethnicity (OR 18; 95 % CI 08, 42). 25-Hydroxyvitamin D concentration at 15 weeks was not associated with development of pre-eclampsia, spontaneous preterm birth or SGA infants. Pregnancy complications were low in this largely vitamin D-replete population.

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  • 42.
    Bybrant, Mara Cerqueiro
    et al.
    Karolinska Inst, Sweden; Karolinska Inst, Sweden.
    Palmkvist, Elsa
    Lund Univ, Sweden.
    Soderstrom, Hanna
    Lund Univ, Sweden.
    Lindgren, Marie
    Region Östergötland, Center of Paediatrics and Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Department of Paediatrics in Norrköping. Lund Univ, Sweden.
    Hildebrand, Hans
    Karolinska Inst, Sweden.
    Norstrom, Fredrik
    Umea Univ, Sweden.
    Carlsson, Annelie
    Lund Univ, Sweden.
    The prevalence of having coeliac disease in children with type 1 diabetes was not significantly higher during the Swedish coeliac epidemic2023In: Acta Paediatrica, ISSN 0803-5253, E-ISSN 1651-2227Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    AimFrom 1986 to 1996, there was a four-fold increase in coeliac disease among young Swedish children, known as the Swedish coeliac epidemic. Children with type 1 diabetes have an increased risk of developing coeliac disease. We studied whether the prevalence of coeliac disease differed in children with type 1 diabetes born during and after this epidemic.MethodsWe compared national birth cohorts of 240 844 children born in 1992-1993 during the coeliac disease epidemic and 179 530 children born in 1997-1998 after the epidemic. Children diagnosed with both type 1 diabetes and coeliac disease were identified by merging information from five national registers.ResultsThere was no statistically significant difference in the prevalence of coeliac disease among children with type 1 diabetes between the two cohorts: 176/1642 (10.7%, 95% confidence interval 9.2%-12.2%) in the cohort born during the coeliac disease epidemic versus 161/1380 (11.7%, 95% confidence interval 10.0%-13.5%) in the post-epidemic cohort.ConclusionThe prevalence of having both coeliac disease and type 1 diabetes was not significantly higher in children born during, than after, the Swedish coeliac epidemic. This may support a stronger genetic disposition in children who develop both conditions.

  • 43.
    Bågenklint, Åsa
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Social and Welfare Studies, Division of Nursing Science. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences.
    Stenberg, Susanne
    Linköping University, Department of Social and Welfare Studies, Division of Nursing Science. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences.
    Föräldrars upplevelser av vården när deras barn vårdas på en pediatrisk avdelning2014Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (One Year)), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Introduction: To stay in the hospital with a critically ill child is for many parents a traumatic experience. The professionals´ approach has a great impact on how the actual treatment time is experienced.

    Purpose: The purpose was to describe parents' experience of care when their children were being cared for in a paediatric ward.

    Method: A qualitative approach with semi- structured interviews was chosen to answer the purpose, and get a deeper understanding of parents' experience. A total of eight parents were included in the study. The interviews were transcribed and analysed with thematic analysis.

    Findings: The analysis resulted in three themes: 1. Different expressions of nursing care: Parents wanted to be treated with respect, and be seen as a parent which in return made them feel confident in the care of the child. 2. Parental exposure: Being the parent of a sick child means vulnerability and 3 Hospital environment: All the parents in this study expressed a gratitude for the healthcare resources.

    Conclusion: Skilled personnel and a good attitude are key factors when experiencing confidence in health care. It is vital that staff possess good skills and further training to obtain and maintain this. It is also important with an adaptation of the hospital environment for children and families, such as in the form of play therapy.

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    Föräldrars upplevelser av vården när deras barn vårdas på en pediatrisk avdelning
  • 44.
    Bélteky, Malin
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Division of Children's and Women's Health. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Region Östergötland, Center of Paediatrics and Gynaecology and Obstetrics, H.K.H. Kronprinsessan Victorias barn- och ungdomssjukhus.
    Wahlberg, Jeanette
    Linköping University, Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Division of Diagnostics and Specialist Medicine. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Region Östergötland, Medicine Center, Department of Endocrinology.
    Ludvigsson, Johnny
    Linköping University, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Division of Children's and Women's Health. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Region Östergötland, Center of Paediatrics and Gynaecology and Obstetrics, H.K.H. Kronprinsessan Victorias barn- och ungdomssjukhus.
    Maternal respiratory infections in early pregnancy increases the risk of type 1 diabetes2020In: Pediatric Diabetes, ISSN 1399-543X, E-ISSN 1399-5448, Vol. 21, no 7, p. 1193-1201Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Background/Objective

    Is exposure to maternal infections and use of antibiotics in the prenatal period associated with increased risk of T1D, regardless of genetic risk? Methods Data on infections and use of antibiotics during pregnancy were collected from questionnaires at birth from parents to 16 292 children in the All Babies in Southeast Sweden (ABIS) cohort and validated against national diagnosis registers. As of November 2017, 137 ABIS children had developed T1D, 72 boys and 65 girls (0.8% of the original cohort).

    Results

    More cases were born in spring and summer than fall and winter. However, onset of T1D appeared to be more common in either summer or winter. In univariate analyses, respiratory tract infection in the first trimester (P= .002) and gastroenteritis during pregnancy (P= .04) were associated with later risk of T1D in the offspring. Other types of infection or antibiotic treatment were not associated with an increased risk. In a multiple logistic regression model, a mother with an autoimmune disease (P &lt; .001), father with T1D (P &lt; .001) and respiratory tract infection during the first trimester (P= .005) remained as risk factors for T1D in the offspring. In children with neutral HLA alleles antibiotic treatment may increase the risk of T1D (P= .01, OR 3.46, 95% CI 1.25-9.55).

    Conclusions

    In the general population there seems to be an association between seasonal maternal respiratory tract infection in the first trimester of pregnancy and later risk of T1D in the offspring. HLA may play a role for the effect of exposure to infections and antibiotics.

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  • 45.
    Cadenas-Sanchez, Cristina
    et al.
    Univ Granada, Spain; Univ Cadiz, Spain; Univ Publ Navarra, Spain.
    Esteban-Cornejo, Irene
    Univ Granada, Spain; Northeastern Univ, MA 02115 USA.
    Migueles, Jairo H.
    Univ Granada, Spain.
    Labayen, Idoia
    Univ Publ Navarra, Spain.
    Verdejo-Roman, Juan
    Univ Granada, Spain; Ctr Biomed Technol CTB, Spain.
    Mora-Gonzalez, Jose
    Univ Granada, Spain; Univ North Carolina Charlotte, NC 28233 USA.
    Henriksson, Pontus
    Linköping University, Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Division of Society and Health. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Karolinska Inst, Sweden.
    Maldonado, Jose
    Univ Granada, Spain; Inst Invest Biosanit IBS, Spain.
    Gomez-Vida, Jose
    San Cecilio Hosp, Spain.
    Hillman, Charles H.
    Northeastern Univ, MA 02115 USA.
    Erickson, Kirk I
    Univ Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA.
    Kramer, Arthur F.
    Northeastern Univ, MA 02115 USA; Univ Illinois, IL 61801 USA.
    Catena, Andres
    Univ Granada, Spain.
    Ortega, Francisco B.
    Univ Granada, Spain; Karolinska Inst, Sweden.
    Differences in Brain Volume between Metabolically Healthy and Unhealthy Overweight and Obese Children: The Role of Fitness2020In: Journal of Clinical Medicine, E-ISSN 2077-0383, Vol. 9, no 4, article id 1059Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The aim of this study was to examine whether metabolically healthy overweight/obese children have greater global and regional gray matter volumes than their metabolically unhealthy peers. We further examined the association between gray matter volume and academic achievement, along with the role of cardiorespiratory fitness in these associations. A total of 97 overweight/obese children (10.0 +/- 1.2 years) participated. We classified children as metabolically healthy/unhealthy based on metabolic syndrome cut-offs. Global and regional brain volumes were assessed by magnetic resonance imaging. Academic achievement was assessed using the Woodcock-Munoz standardized test. Cardiorespiratory fitness was assessed by the 20 m shuttle run test. Metabolically healthy overweight/obese (MHO) children had greater regional gray matter volume compared to those who were metabolically unhealthy (MUO) (all p &lt;= 0.001). A similar trend was observed for global gray matter volume (p = 0.06). Global gray matter volume was positively related to academic achievement (beta = 0.237, p = 0.036). However, all the associations were attenuated or disappeared after adjusting for cardiorespiratory fitness (p &gt; 0.05). The findings of the present study support that metabolically healthy overweight/obese children have greater gray matter volume compared to those that are metabolically unhealthy, which is in turn related to better academic achievement. However, cardiorespiratory fitness seems to explain, at least partially, these findings.

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  • 46.
    Carlhäll, Sara
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of Clinical Sciences. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences.
    Bladh, Marie
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of Clinical Sciences. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Region Östergötland, Center of Paediatrics and Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics in Linköping.
    Brynhildsen, Jan
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of Clinical Sciences. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Region Östergötland, Center of Paediatrics and Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics in Linköping.
    Claesson, Ing-Marie
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of Clinical Sciences. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Region Östergötland, Center of Paediatrics and Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics in Linköping.
    Josefsson, Ann
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of Clinical Sciences. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Region Östergötland, Center of Paediatrics and Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics in Linköping.
    Sydsjö, Gunilla
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of Clinical Sciences. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Region Östergötland, Center of Paediatrics and Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics in Linköping.
    Thorsell, Annika
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of Cell Biology. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences.
    Blomberg, Marie
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of Clinical Sciences. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Region Östergötland, Center of Paediatrics and Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics in Linköping.
    Maternal obesity (Class I-III), gestational weight gain and maternal leptin levels during and after pregnancy: a prospective cohort study2016In: BMC Obesity, ISSN 2052-9538, Vol. 3, no 28Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Background

    Maternal obesity is accompanied by maternal and fetal complications during and after pregnancy. The risks seem to increase with degree of obesity. Leptin has been suggested to play a role in the development of obesity related complications. Whether maternal leptin levels differ between obese and morbidly obese women, during and after pregnancy, have to our knowledge not been previously described. Neither has the association between maternal leptin levels and gestational weight gain in obese women. The aim was to evaluate if maternal plasma leptin levels were associated with different degrees of maternal obesity and gestational weight gain.

    Methods

    Prospective cohort study including women categorized as obesity class I-III (n = 343) and divided into three gestational weight gain groups (n = 304). Maternal plasma leptin was measured at gestational week 15, 29 and 10 weeks postpartum. Maternal Body Mass Index (BMI) was calculated from early pregnancy weight. Gestational weight gain was calculated using maternal weight in delivery week minus early pregnancy weight. The mean value and confidence interval of plasma-leptin were analysed with a two-way ANOVA model. Interaction effect between BMI and gestational weight gain group was tested with a two-way ANOVA model.

    Results

    The mean maternal leptin concentrations were significantly higher in women with obesity class III compared to women in obesity class I, at all times when plasma leptin were measured. The mean leptin concentrations were also significantly higher in women with obesity class II compared to women in obesity class I, except in gestational week 29. There was no difference in mean levels of plasma leptin between the gestational weight gain groups. No significant interaction between BMI and gestational weight gain group was found.

    Conclusions

    Plasma leptin levels during and after pregnancy were associated with obesity class but not with degree of gestational weight gain. These results are in concordance with epidemiological findings where the risk of obstetric complications increases with increased maternal obesity class. The effect on obstetric outcome by degree of gestational weight gain is less pronounced than the adverse effects associated with maternal obesity.

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    Maternal obesity (Class I-III), gestational weight gain and maternal leptin levels during and after pregnancy: a prospective cohort study
  • 47.
    Carlsson, Katarina Steen
    et al.
    Swedish Inst Hlth Econ, Sweden; Lund Univ, Sweden.
    Winding, Bent
    Swedish Orphan Biovitrum AB, Sweden.
    Astermark, Jan
    Skåne Univ Hosp, Sweden.
    Baghaei, Fariba
    Sahlgrens Univ Hosp, Sweden; Univ Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Brodin, Elisabeth
    Sahlgrens Univ Hosp, Sweden; Univ Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Funding, Eva
    Rigshosp, Denmark; Univ Copenhagen, Denmark.
    Holmström, Margareta
    Linköping University, Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Division of Diagnostics and Specialist Medicine. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Region Östergötland, Local Health Care Services in Central Östergötland, Department of Acute Internal Medicine and Geriatrics. Karolinska Univ Hosp, Sweden.
    Österholm, Klaus
    Helsinki Univ Hosp, Finland.
    Bergenstråle, Sofia
    Swedish Orphan Biovitrum AB, Sweden.
    Andersson, Emelie
    Swedish Inst Hlth Econ, Sweden.
    Lethagen, Stefan
    Swedish Orphan Biovitrum AB, Sweden.
    Pain, depression and anxiety in people with haemophilia from three Nordic countries: Cross-sectional survey data from the MIND study2022In: Haemophilia, ISSN 1351-8216, E-ISSN 1365-2516, Vol. 28, no 4, p. 557-567Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Introduction People with haemophilia (PwH) may experience symptoms of haemophilia-related pain, depression or anxiety, which can negatively impact health-related quality of life. Aim To obtain the perspective of PwH and treaters from Sweden, Finland and Denmark on the management of haemophilia-related pain, depression and anxiety using cross-sectional survey data from the MIND study (NCT03276130). Methods PwH or their caregivers completed a survey about experiences of pain, depression and anxiety related to haemophilia, and the standard EQ-5D-5L instrument. Five investigators at haemophilia treatment centres (HTC) were sent a complementary survey containing questions about the management of pain and depression/anxiety. Results There were 343 PwH (mild: 103; moderate: 53; severe: 180; seven lacking severity information) and 71 caregiver responses. Experience of pain in the last 6 months was reported by 50% of PwH respondents and 46% of caregiver respondents. Anxiety/depression was reported by 28% of PwH respondents. Reporting of pain and anxiety/depression was associated with disease severity. Whilst 62% of PwH who had experienced pain at any time point (n = 242) felt this was adequately addressed and treated at their HTC, only 24% of those who had experienced depression/anxiety (n = 127) felt this was adequately addressed. Disease severity was negatively associated with EQ-5D-5L utility value (p &lt; .001). In the HTC survey, 4/5 and 2/5 agreed that pain and depression/anxiety, respectively, are adequately addressed. Conclusions Pain and depression/anxiety occur more frequently with increasing haemophilia severity, with negative impacts on health-related quality of life. PwH with depression/anxiety or unaddressed pain could benefit from improved management strategies.

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  • 48.
    Challis, Pontus
    et al.
    Umea Univ, Sweden; Umea Univ Klin Vetenskap, Sweden.
    Kallen, Karin
    Lund Univ, Sweden.
    Bjorklund, Lars
    Lund Univ, Sweden.
    Elfvin, Anders
    Univ Gothenburg, Sweden; Sahlgrens Univ Hosp, Sweden.
    Farooqi, Aijaz
    Umea Univ, Sweden.
    Hakansson, Stellan
    Umea Univ, Sweden.
    Ley, David
    Lund Univ, Sweden.
    Norman, Mikael
    Karolinska Inst, Sweden; Karolinska Univ Hosp, Sweden.
    Normann, Erik
    Uppsala Univ, Sweden.
    Serenius, Fredrik
    Umea Univ, Sweden; Uppsala Univ, Sweden.
    Savman, Karin
    Univ Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Hellstrom-Westas, Lena
    Uppsala Univ, Sweden.
    Um-Bergstrom, Petra
    Karolinska Inst, Sweden.
    Ådén, Ulrika
    Linköping University, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Division of Children's and Women's Health. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Karolinska Inst, Sweden.
    Abrahamsson, Thomas
    Linköping University, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Division of Children's and Women's Health. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Region Östergötland, Center of Paediatrics and Gynaecology and Obstetrics, H.K.H. Kronprinsessan Victorias barn- och ungdomssjukhus.
    Domellof, Magnus
    Umea Univ, Sweden.
    Factors associated with the increased incidence of necrotising enterocolitis in extremely preterm infants in Sweden between two population-based national cohorts (2004-2007 vs 2014-2016)2023In: Archives of Disease in Childhood: Fetal and Neonatal Edition, ISSN 1359-2998, E-ISSN 1468-2052Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Objective To investigate potential risk factors behind the increased incidence of necrotising enterocolitis (NEC) in Swedish extremely preterm infants.Design Registry data from two population-based national cohorts were studied. NEC diagnoses (Bell stage &gt;= II) were validated against hospital records.Patients All liveborn infants &lt;27 weeks of gestation 2004-2007 (n=704) and 2014-2016 (n=895) in Sweden.Main outcome measures NEC incidence.Results The validation process resulted in a 28% reduction of NEC cases but still confirmed a higher NEC incidence in the later epoch compared with the earlier (73/895 (8.2%) vs 27/704 (3.8%), p=0.001), while the composite of NEC or death was lower (244/895 (27.3%) vs 229/704 (32.5%), p=0.022). In a multivariable Cox regression model, censored for mortality, there was no significant difference in early NEC (0-7 days of life) between epochs (HR=0.9 (95% CI 0.5 to 1.9), p=0.9), but being born in the later epoch remained an independent risk factor for late NEC (&gt;7 days) (HR=2.7 (95% CI 1.5 to 5.0), p=0.001). In propensity score analysis, a significant epoch difference in NEC incidence (12% vs 2.8%, p&lt;0.001) was observed only in the tertile of infants at highest risk of NEC, where the 28-day mortality was lower in the later epoch (35% vs 50%, p=0.001). More NEC cases were diagnosed with intramural gas in the later epoch (33/73 (45.2%) vs 6/26 (23.1%), p=0.047).Conclusions The increase in NEC incidence between epochs was limited to cases occurring after 7 days of life and was partly explained by increased survival in the most extremely preterm infants. Misclassification of NEC is common.

  • 49.
    Chen, Chu
    et al.
    Region Stockholm, Sweden; Karolinska Inst, Sweden.
    Ahlqvist, Viktor H.
    Karolinska Inst, Sweden.
    Henriksson, Pontus
    Linköping University, Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Division of Society and Health. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences.
    Magnusson, Cecilia
    Region Stockholm, Sweden; Karolinska Inst, Sweden.
    Berglind, Daniel
    Region Stockholm, Sweden; Karolinska Inst, Sweden.
    Preschool environment and preschool teachers physical activity and their association with childrens activity levels at preschool2020In: PLOS ONE, E-ISSN 1932-6203, Vol. 15, no 10, article id e0239838Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Objective The aim of this study was to investigate the association between preschool playground size, formalized physical activity (PA) policies, time spent outdoors and preschool teachers levels of PA and childrens objectively assessed levels of PA and sedentary time (ST) during preschool hours. Methods In total, 369 children and 84 preschool teachers from 27 preschools in Sodermalm municipally, Stockholm Sweden wore an Actigraph GT3X+ accelerometer during 7 consecutive days. Preschool environmental and structural characteristics were measured via the Environment and Policy Evaluation Self-Report ( EPAO-SR) instrument and time in- and outdoors was recorded by preschool teachers during the PA measurements. Weight and height of children were measured via validated scales and parents filled out a questionnaire on demographical and descriptive variables. Linear mixed models, nested on preschool level, were used to assess the association between predictors and outcomes. Results The mean child age was 4.7 years (SD 0.8) and 45% were girls. We found that children were more active in preschools with a formalized PA policy, compared to preschools without such a policy, but not less sedentary. The association between policy and activity seemed to be more pronounced when accounting for other environmental factors. Similar associations were found in children spent most time outdoors (uppermost quartile) compared with children spent least time outdoors (Lowermost quartile). Preschool teachers light PA (LPA) (beta = 0.25, P = 0.004) and steps (beta = 0.52, P&lt;0.001) were associated with childrens LPA and steps while the preschool playground size showed no association with PA in children, when accounting for other environmental factors. Conclusion The current study showed that preschool structural characteristics such as formalized PA policies and more time spent outdoors were positively associated with childrens PA. These findings suggest that formalized PA policies and time outdoors may be of importance for promoting childrens PA during preschool hours.

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  • 50.
    Cherubini, Valentino
    et al.
    Salesi Hosp, Italy.
    Grimsmann, Julia M.
    Univ Ulm, Germany; German Ctr Diabet Res DZD, Germany.
    Åkesson, Karin
    Linköping University, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Division of Children's and Women's Health. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Ryhov Cty Hosp, Sweden.
    Birkebaek, Niels H.
    Aarhus Univ Hosp, Denmark.
    Cinek, Ondrej
    Charles Univ Prague, Czech Republic; Motol Univ Hosp, Czech Republic.
    Dovc, Klemen
    UMC Univ Childrens Hosp, Slovenia; Fac Med, Slovenia.
    Gesuita, Rosaria
    Polytech Univ Marche, Italy.
    Gregory, John W.
    Cardiff Univ, Wales.
    Hanas, Ragnar
    NU Hosp Grp, Sweden; Gothenburg Univ, Sweden.
    Hofer, Sabine E.
    Med Univ Innsbruck, Austria.
    Holl, Reinhard W.
    Univ Ulm, Germany; German Ctr Diabet Res DZD, Germany.
    Jefferies, Craig
    Starship Childrens Hlth, New Zealand.
    Joner, Geir
    Oslo Univ Hosp, Norway; Univ Oslo, Norway.
    King, Bruce R.
    Univ Newcastle, Australia.
    Mayer-Davis, Elizabeth J.
    Univ N Carolina, NC 27515 USA.
    Pena, Alexia S.
    Univ Adelaide, Australia.
    Rami-Merhar, Birgit
    Med Univ Vienna, Austria.
    Schierloh, Ulrike
    Ctr Hosp, Luxembourg.
    Skrivarhaug, Torild
    Oslo Univ Hosp, Norway; Univ Oslo, Norway.
    Sumnik, Zdenek
    Charles Univ Prague, Czech Republic; Motol Univ Hosp, Czech Republic.
    Svensson, Jannet
    Copenhagen Univ Hosp, Denmark.
    Warner, Justin T.
    Univ Hosp Wales, Wales.
    Bratina, Natasa
    UMC Univ Childrens Hosp, Slovenia; Fac Med, Slovenia.
    Dabelea, Dana
    Univ Colorado, CO USA.
    Temporal trends in diabetic ketoacidosis at diagnosis of paediatric type 1 diabetes between 2006 and 2016: results from 13 countries in three continents2020In: Diabetologia, ISSN 0012-186X, E-ISSN 1432-0428, Vol. 63, p. 1530-1541Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Aims/hypothesis The aim of this work was to evaluate geographical variability and trends in the prevalence of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA), between 2006 and 2016, at the diagnosis of childhood-onset type 1 diabetes in 13 countries over three continents. Methods An international retrospective study on DKA at diagnosis of diabetes was conducted. Data on age, sex, date of diabetes diagnosis, ethnic minority status and presence of DKA at diabetes onset were obtained from Australia, Austria, Czechia, Denmark, Germany, Italy, Luxembourg, New Zealand, Norway, Slovenia, Sweden, USA and the UK (Wales). Mean prevalence was estimated for the entire period, both overall and by country, adjusted for sex and age group. Temporal trends in annual prevalence of DKA were estimated using logistic regression analysis for each country, before and after adjustment for sex, age group and ethnic minority status. Results During the study period, new-onset type 1 diabetes was diagnosed in 59,000 children (median age [interquartile range], 9.0 years [5.5-11.7]; male sex, 52.9%). The overall adjusted DKA prevalence was 29.9%, with the lowest prevalence in Sweden and Denmark and the highest in Luxembourg and Italy. The adjusted DKA prevalence significantly increased over time in Australia, Germany and the USA while it decreased in Italy. Preschool children, adolescents and children from ethnic minority groups were at highest risk of DKA at diabetes diagnosis in most countries. A significantly higher risk was also found for females in Denmark, Germany and Slovenia. Conclusions/interpretation DKA prevalence at type 1 diabetes diagnosis varied considerably across countries, albeit it was generally high and showed a slight increase between 2006 and 2016. Increased awareness of symptoms to prevent delay in diagnosis is warranted, especially in preschool children, adolescents and children from ethnic minority groups.

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