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  • 1.
    Adolfsson, Karin
    Linköping University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Medical Informatics. Linköping University, The Institute of Technology.
    Visual Evaluation of 3D Image Enhancement2006Independent thesis Basic level (professional degree), 20 credits / 30 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Technologies in image acquisition have developed and often provide image volumes in more than two dimensions. Computer tomography and magnet resonance imaging provide image volumes in three spatial dimensions. The image enhancement methods have developed as well and in this thesis work 3D image enhancement with filter networks is evaluated.

    The aims of this work are; to find a method which makes the initial parameter settings in the 3D image enhancement processing easier, to compare 2D and 3D processed image volumes visualized with different visualization techniques and to give an illustration of the benefits with 3D image enhancement processing visualized using these techniques.

    The results of this work are;

    1. a parameter setting tool that makes the initial parameter setting much easier and

    2. an evaluation of 3D image enhancement with filter networks that shows a significant enhanced image quality in 3D processed image volumes with a high noise level compared to the 2D processed volumes. These results are shown in slices, MIP and volume rendering. The differences are even more pronounced if the volume is presented in a different projection than the volume is 2D processed in.

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    FULLTEXT01
  • 2.
    Afshari, Ali
    et al.
    Center for Devices and Radiological Health, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA.
    Saager, Rolf B.
    Linköping University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Division of Biomedical Engineering. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Burgos, David
    Center for Devices and Radiological Health, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA.
    Vogt, William
    Center for Devices and Radiological Health, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA.
    Wang, Jianting
    Center for Devices and Radiological Health, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA.
    Mendoza, Gonzalo
    Center for Devices and Radiological Health, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA.
    Weininger, Sandy
    Center for Devices and Radiological Health, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA.
    Sung, Kung-Bin
    National Taiwan University, Graduate Institute of Biomedical Electronics and Bioinformatics, Taipei, Taiwan.
    Durkin, Anthony
    Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, Natural Sciences II, Irvine, California, USA; Beckman Laser Institute & Medical Clinic, University of California, Irvine, East Irvine, California, USA.
    Pfefer, T. Joshua
    Center for Devices and Radiological Health, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA.
    Evaluation of the robustness of cerebral oximetry to variations in skin pigmentation using a tissue-simulating phantom2022In: Biomedical Optics Express, E-ISSN 2156-7085, Vol. 13, no 5, p. 2909-2928Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Clinical studies have demonstrated that epidermal pigmentation level can affect cerebral oximetry measurements. To evaluate the robustness of these devices, we have developed a phantom-based test method that includes an epidermis-simulating layer with several melanin concentrations and a 3D-printed cerebrovascular module. Measurements were performed with neonatal, pediatric and adult sensors from two commercial oximeters, where neonatal probes had shorter source-detector separation distances. Referenced blood oxygenation levels ranged from 30 to 90%. Cerebral oximeter outputs exhibited a consistent decrease in saturation level with simulated melanin content; this effect was greatest at low saturation levels, producing a change of up to 15%. Dependence on pigmentation was strongest in a neonatal sensor, possibly due to its high reflectivity. Overall, our findings indicate that a modular channel-array phantom approach can provide a practical tool for assessing the impact of skin pigmentation on cerebral oximeter performance and that modifications to algorithms and/or instrumentation may be needed to mitigate pigmentation bias.

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    fulltext
  • 3. Order onlineBuy this publication >>
    Ahlström, Christer
    Linköping University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Physiological Measurements. Linköping University, The Institute of Technology.
    Processing of the Phonocardiographic Signal: methods for the intelligent stethoscope2006Licentiate thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    Phonocardiographic signals contain bioacoustic information reflecting the operation of the heart. Normally there are two heart sounds, and additional sounds indicate disease. If a third heart sound is present it could be a sign of heart failure whereas a murmur indicates defective valves or an orifice in the septal wall. The primary aim of this thesis is to use signal processing tools to improve the diagnostic value of this information. More specifically, three different methods have been developed:

    • A nonlinear change detection method has been applied to automatically detect heart sounds. The first and the second heart sounds can be found using recurrence times of the first kind while the third heart sound can be found using recurrence times of the second kind. Most third heart sound occurrences were detected (98 %), but the amount of false extra detections was rather high (7 % of the heart cycles).

    • Heart sounds obscure the interpretation of lung sounds. A new method based on nonlinear prediction has been developed to remove this undesired disturbance. High similarity was obtained when comparing actual lung sounds with lung sounds after removal of heart sounds.

    • Analysis methods such as Shannon energy, wavelets and recurrence quantification analysis were used to extract information from the phonocardiographic signal. The most prominent features, determined by a feature selection method, were used to create a new feature set for heart murmur classification. The classification result was 86 % when separating patients with aortic stenosis, mitral insufficiency and physiological murmurs.

    The derived methods give reasonable results, and they all provide a step forward in the quest for an intelligent stethoscope, a universal phonocardiography tool able to enhance auscultation by improving sound quality, emphasizing abnormal events in the heart cycle and distinguishing different heart murmurs.

    List of papers
    1. Heart sound cancellation from lung sound recordings using recurrence time statistics and nonlinear prediction
    Open this publication in new window or tab >>Heart sound cancellation from lung sound recordings using recurrence time statistics and nonlinear prediction
    2005 (English)In: IEEE Signal Processing Letters, ISSN 1070-9908, E-ISSN 1558-2361, Vol. 12, no 12, p. 812-815Article in journal (Refereed) Published
    Abstract [en]

    Heart sounds (HS) obscure the interpretation of lung sounds (LS). This letter presents a new method to detect and remove this undesired disturbance. The HS detection algorithm is based on a recurrence time statistic that is sensitive to changes in a reconstructed state space. Signal segments that are found to contain HS are removed, and the arising missing parts are replaced with predicted LS using a nonlinear prediction scheme. The prediction operates in the reconstructed state space and uses an iterated integrated nearest trajectory algorithm. The HS detection algorithm detects HS with an error rate of 4% false positives and 8% false negatives. The spectral difference between the reconstructed LS signal and an LS signal with removed HS was 0.34/spl plusmn/0.25, 0.50/spl plusmn/0.33, 0.46/spl plusmn/0.35, and 0.94/spl plusmn/0.64 dB/Hz in the frequency bands 20-40, 40-70, 70-150, and 150-300 Hz, respectively. The cross-correlation index was found to be 99.7%, indicating excellent similarity between actual LS and predicted LS. Listening tests performed by a skilled physician showed high-quality auditory results.

    Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
    Institutionen för medicinsk teknik, 2005
    Keywords
    Bioacoustics, heart sound (HS), lung sound (LS), nonlinear prediction, recurrence time statistics
    National Category
    Engineering and Technology
    Identifiers
    urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-11857 (URN)10.1109/LSP.2005.859528 (DOI)
    Note
    Original publication: Ahlstrom, C., Liljefeldt, O., Hult, P. and Ask, P., Heart sound cancellation from lung sound recordings using recurrence time statistics and nonlinear prediction, 2005, IEEE Signal Processing Letters, (12), 12, 812-815. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/LSP.2005.859528. Copyright: IEEE, http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/RecentIssue.jsp?punumber=97Available from: 2008-05-20 Created: 2008-05-20 Last updated: 2021-11-25
    2. Detection of the 3rd Heart Sound using Recurrence Time Statistics
    Open this publication in new window or tab >>Detection of the 3rd Heart Sound using Recurrence Time Statistics
    2006 (English)In: Proc. 31st IEEE Int. Conf. on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing, Toulouse, France, 2006, 2006, p. 1040-1043Conference paper, Published paper (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    The 3rd heart sound (S3) is normally heard during auscultation of younger individuals, but it is also common in many patients with heart failure. Compared to the 1st and 2nd heart sounds, S3 has low amplitude and low frequency content, making it hard to detect (both manually for the physician and automatically by a detection algorithm). We present an algorithm based on a recurrence time statistic which is sensitive to changes in a reconstructed state space, particularly for detection of transitions with very low energy. Heart sound signals from ten children were used in this study. Most S3 occurrences were detected (98 %), but the amount of false extra detections was rather high (7% of the heart cycles). In conclusion, the method seems capable of detecting S3 with high accuracy and robustness.

    Series
    IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing. Proceedings, ISSN 1520-6149
    Keywords
    acoustic, signal detection, bioacoustics, signal reconstruction, statistics, heart sound, auscultation, heart failure, reconstructed state space, recurrence time statistics
    National Category
    Medical and Health Sciences
    Identifiers
    urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-14058 (URN)
    Available from: 2006-10-09 Created: 2006-10-09 Last updated: 2021-11-25
    3. Feature Extraction for Systolic Heart Murmur Classification
    Open this publication in new window or tab >>Feature Extraction for Systolic Heart Murmur Classification
    Show others...
    2006 (English)In: Annals of Biomedical Engineering, ISSN 0090-6964, E-ISSN 1573-9686, Vol. 34, no 11, p. 1666-1677Article in journal (Refereed) Published
    Abstract [en]

    Heart murmurs are often the first signs of pathological changes of the heart valves, and they are usually found during auscultation in the primary health care. Distinguishing a pathological murmur from a physiological murmur is however difficult, why an “intelligent stethoscope” with decision support abilities would be of great value. Phonocardiographic signals were acquired from 36 patients with aortic valve stenosis, mitral insufficiency or physiological murmurs, and the data were analyzed with the aim to find a suitable feature subset for automatic classification of heart murmurs. Techniques such as Shannon energy, wavelets, fractal dimensions and recurrence quantification analysis were used to extract 207 features. 157 of these features have not previously been used in heart murmur classification. A multi-domain subset consisting of 14, both old and new, features was derived using Pudil’s sequential floating forward selection (SFFS) method. This subset was compared with several single domain feature sets. Using neural network classification, the selected multi-domain subset gave the best results; 86% correct classifications compared to 68% for the first runner-up. In conclusion, the derived feature set was superior to the comparative sets, and seems rather robust to noisy data.

    Keywords
    Auscultation, Bioacoustics, Feature selection, Heart sounds, Valvular disease
    National Category
    Engineering and Technology
    Identifiers
    urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-13044 (URN)10.1007/s10439-006-9187-4 (DOI)
    Available from: 2008-03-20 Created: 2008-03-20 Last updated: 2021-11-25
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    FULLTEXT01
  • 4.
    Andersson, Christoffer R.
    et al.
    Örebro University, Sweden.
    Bergquist, Jonas
    Uppsala University, Sweden.
    Theodorsson, Elvar
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of Microbiology and Molecular Medicine. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Region Östergötland, Center for Diagnostics, Department of Clinical Chemistry.
    Ström, Jakob
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of Microbiology and Molecular Medicine. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Region Östergötland, Center for Diagnostics, Department of Clinical Chemistry. Örebro University, Sweden.
    Comparisons between commercial salivary testosterone enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits2017In: Scandinavian Journal of Clinical and Laboratory Investigation, ISSN 0036-5513, E-ISSN 1502-7686, Vol. 77, no 8, p. 582-586Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Introduction: Measuring testosterone concentrations is of interest both in clinical situations and for research, the latter expanding rapidly during recent years. An increased demand for convenient methods has prompted a number of companies to develop enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits to measure testosterone concentrations in saliva. However, the inter-comparability of kits from different manufacturers have yet to be determined. Aim of study: The aim of this study was to compare commercially available ELISA kits from four different manufacturers (Salimetrics, IBL, DRG and Demeditec). Methods: Saliva was collected from 50 participants (25 men and 25 women). Each sample was analysed by the four ELISA kits. Results: The correlations between the ELISA kits from Demeditec, DRG and Salimetrics were moderate to high with r-values amp;gt;.77; however, proportional errors between the methods calls for caution. The ELISA kit from IBL malfunctioned and no results from this kit was obtained. Conclusions: Results from studies using the ELISA kits from Demeditec, DRG and Salimetrics are generally comparable; however, translation using the formulae presented in the current study could increase the accuracy of these comparisons.

  • 5.
    Antonsson, Johan
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Biomedical Instrumentation. Linköping University, The Institute of Technology.
    Eriksson, Ola
    Linköping University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Biomedical Instrumentation. Linköping University, The Institute of Technology.
    Lundberg, Peter
    Linköping University, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Radiation Physics. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Wårdell, Karin
    Linköping University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Biomedical Instrumentation. Linköping University, The Institute of Technology.
    Optical measurements during experimental stereotactic radiofrequency lesioning2006In: Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery, ISSN 1011-6125, E-ISSN 1423-0372, Vol. 84, no 2-3, p. 118-124Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The aim of this study was to evaluate in vivo a laser Doppler measurement system in porcine brain tissue during thermal lesioning. A 2-mm monopolar radiofrequency lesioning electrode was equipped with optical fibers in order to monitor the lesioning procedure. Laser Doppler and backscattered light intensity signals were measured along the electrode trajectory and during bilateral lesioning in the central gray (70, 80 and 90°C, n = 14). The time course of the coagulation process could be followed by optical recordings. Two separate groups of tissue were identified from the intensity signals. The changes in the perfusion levels in both groups displayed significant changes (p < 0.05, n = 48) at all temperature settings, while backscattered light intensity was significant for only one group at the different temperatures (p < 0.05, n = 39). These results indicate that optical measurements correlate with lesion development in vivo. The study also indicates that it is possible to follow the lesioning process intra-operatively.

  • 6.
    Applegate, Matthew B.
    et al.
    Boston Univ., United States.
    Karrobi, Kavon
    Boston Univ., United States.
    Angelo Jr., Joseph P.
    Univ. de Strasbourg, France.
    Austin, Wyatt M.
    The Univ. of Maine, United States.
    Tabassum, Syeda M.
    Boston Univ., United States.
    Aguénounon, Enagnon
    Univ. de Strasbourg, France.
    Tilbury, Karissa
    The Univ. of Maine, United States.
    Saager, Rolf B.
    Linköping University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Division of Biomedical Engineering. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Gioux, Sylvain
    Univ. de Strasbourg, France.
    Roblyer, Darren M.
    Boston Univ., United States.
    OpenSFDI: an open-source guide for constructing a spatial frequency domain imaging system2020In: Journal of Biomedical Optics, ISSN 1083-3668, E-ISSN 1560-2281, Vol. 25, no 1Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Significance: Spatial frequency domain imaging (SFDI) is a diffuse optical measurement technique that can quantify tissue optical absorption (μa) and reduced scattering (μ0 s) on a pixelby-pixel basis. Measurements of μa at different wavelengths enable the extraction of molar concentrations of tissue chromophores over a wide field, providing a noncontact and label-free means to assess tissue viability, oxygenation, microarchitecture, and molecular content. We present here openSFDI: an open-source guide for building a low-cost, small-footprint, threewavelength SFDI system capable of quantifying μa and μ0 s as well as oxyhemoglobin and deoxyhemoglobin concentrations in biological tissue. The companion website provides a complete parts list along with detailed instructions for assembling the openSFDI system. Aim: We describe the design of openSFDI and report on the accuracy and precision of optical property extractions for three different systems fabricated according to the instructions on the openSFDI website. Approach: Accuracy was assessed by measuring nine tissue-simulating optical phantoms with a physiologically relevant range of μa and μ0 s with the openSFDI systems and a commercial SFDI device. Precision was assessed by repeatedly measuring the same phantom over 1 h. Results: The openSFDI systems had an error of 0 6% in μa and −2 3% in μ0 s, compared to a commercial SFDI system. Bland–Altman analysis revealed the limits of agreement between the two systems to be 0.004 mm−1 for μa and −0.06 to 0.1 mm−1 for μ0 s. The openSFDI system had low drift with an average standard deviation of 0.0007 mm−1 and 0.05 mm−1 in μa and μ0 s, respectively. Conclusion: The openSFDI provides a customizable hardware platform for research groups seeking to utilize SFDI for quantitative diffuse optical imaging.

    Download full text (pdf)
    fulltext
  • 7.
    Ask, Per
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Physiological Measurements. Linköping University, The Institute of Technology.
    Edwall, G
    Tibbling, Lita
    Combined pH and pressure measurement device for oesophageal investigations.1981In: Medical and Biological Engineering and Computing, ISSN 0140-0118, E-ISSN 1741-0444, Vol. 19, no 4, p. 443-446Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    A combined pH- and pressure-measurement device for oesophageal investigations has been designed using monocrystalline antimony pH electrodes and perfused polyvinyl catheters. The combined device facilitates pressure measurements simultaneously with pH recording, both distal and proximal to the pH electrode. The device is easier to pass through the nose to the oesophagus than the conventional glass pH electrode. pH and pressure measurements in the oesophagus are therefore simplified and valuable information about the function of the region of the lower oesophageal sphincter is added owing to the simultaneous recording of the two parameters.

  • 8.
    Ask, Per
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Physiological Measurements. Linköping University, The Institute of Technology.
    Sökjer, H.
    Tibbling, Lita
    Linköping University, Department of Neuroscience and Locomotion, Oto-Rhiono-Laryngology and Head & Neck Surgery. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Mechanisms affecting lower oesophageal sphincter opening and oesophageal retention: A combined X-ray and manometry study1978In: Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology, ISSN 0036-5521, E-ISSN 1502-7708, Vol. 13, no 7, p. 857-861Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Using simultaneous manometry and cineradiography, oesophageal evacuation was studied while contrast medium was infused via a catheter. The distal half of the oesophagus could be filled with contrast medium without triggering peristalsis. The hydrostatic pressure necessary to open the lower oesophageal sphincter (LES) was of approximately the same magnitude as the pressure gradient between oesophagus and LES. No significant relaxation of the LES could be observed at the initiation of swallowing. The LES may be looked upon not only as a sphincter preventing reflux but also as a gate which must be forced open by food.

  • 9.
    Ask, Per
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Biomedical Engineering. Linköping University, The Institute of Technology.
    Tibbling, Lita
    Linköping University, Department of Neuroscience and Locomotion.
    Clinical evaluation of different fluid-filled systems for oesophageal manometry1979In: Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology, ISSN 0036-5521, E-ISSN 1502-7708, Vol. 14, no 1, p. 1-5Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    In a clinical study of oesophageal manometry with fluid-filled catheters, both a non-perfused system and a perfused system with a syringe pump have been compared to a system with a low-compliance perfusion pump, which served as a reference. Significantly lower values of motility amplitudes, motility derivatives, and partly of LES pressures, and a time delay of up to 0.5 sec of the amplitude maximum were obtained with the non-perfused system and the system with a syringe pump in comparison to the low-compliance system. Since the oesophageal function can be erroneously evaluated by use of a non-perfused system or a perfused system with a syringe pump, such systems cannot be recommended for clinical use.

  • 10.
    Ask, Per
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Physiological Measurements. Linköping University, The Institute of Technology.
    Tibbling, Lita
    Linköping University, Department of Neuroscience and Locomotion, Oto-Rhiono-Laryngology and Head & Neck Surgery. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Öberg, P.Å.
    Linköping University, Department of Biomedical Engineering. Linköping University, The Institute of Technology.
    Bandbreddskrav hos oesophagusmanometriska system.1978Conference paper (Refereed)
  • 11.
    Ask, Per
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Physiological Measurements. Linköping University, The Institute of Technology.
    Öberg, P. Åke
    Linköping University, Department of Biomedical Engineering. Linköping University, The Institute of Technology.
    Tibbling, Lita
    Linköping University, Department of Neuroscience and Locomotion, Oto-Rhiono-Laryngology and Head & Neck Surgery. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Static and dynamic characteristics of fluid-filled esophageal manometry systems1977In: American Journal of Physiology, ISSN 0002-9513, Vol. 233, no 5, p. E389-E396Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Esophageal manometric systems with water-filled catheters have been characterized by the use of model experiments. The examined parameters have been: catheter dimension, catheter compliance, catheter resistance, pump type, pump compliance, and perfusion flow. Accurate static pressure measurements have been obtained for perfused systems independently of the investigated parameters. The dynamic characteristics vary with catheter diameter and perfusion flow. For catheters with low diameter, a narrow bandwidth is obtained for the investigated perfusion flows. The results have been expressed in terms of an electric model of the measurement system. Perfusion pumps with low compliance are recommended to improve the dynamic properties of the measurement system.

  • 12.
    Ask, Per
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Biomedical Engineering. Linköping University, The Institute of Technology.
    Öberg, Åke
    Linköping University, Department of Biomedical Engineering.
    Ödman, S.
    Linköping University, Department of Biomedical Engineering. Linköping University, The Institute of Technology.
    Tenland, T.
    Linköping University, Department of Biomedical Engineering. Linköping University, The Institute of Technology.
    Skogh, M.
    Linköping University, Department of Biomedical Engineering. Linköping University, The Institute of Technology.
    ECG Electrodes: A Study of Electrical and Mechanical Long-term Properties1979In: Acta Anaesthesiologica Scandinavica, ISSN 0001-5172, E-ISSN 1399-6576, Vol. 23, no 2, p. 189-206Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The long-term properties of commercially available ECG-electrodes were studied by investigating the parameters: polarization potential, electrical impedance, adhesion, and skin reactions during a period of 7 days. As expected, the most stable polarization potentials were obtained for Ag/AgCl electrodes. Certain simple disposable electrodes showed large polarization potential variations. The most stable electrode impedance was obtained for disposable electrodes with stable adhesion and equipped with an electrode cup or similar. Unchanged adhesion and mechanical properties during the test period were shown by the disposable electrodes with a large self-adhesive collar.

  • 13.
    Backman, Sofia
    et al.
    Skane Univ Hosp, Sweden.
    Rosen, Ingmar
    Skane Univ Hosp, Sweden.
    Blennow, Mats
    Karolinska Inst, Sweden; Karolinska Univ Hosp, Sweden.
    Andersson, Thomas
    Karolinska Univ Hosp, Sweden.
    Englund, Marita
    Karolinska Univ Hosp, Sweden.
    Flink, Roland
    Uppsala Univ Hosp, Sweden.
    Hallberg, Boubou
    Karolinska Inst, Sweden; Karolinska Univ Hosp, Sweden.
    Liedholm, Lars-Johan
    Umea Univ Hosp, Sweden.
    Norman, Elisabeth
    Lund Univ, Sweden.
    Sailer, Alexandra
    Umea Univ Hosp, Sweden.
    Thordstein, Magnus
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of Neuro and Inflammation Science. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Region Östergötland, Anaesthetics, Operations and Specialty Surgery Center, Department of Clinical Neurophysiology.
    Swedish consensus reached on recording, interpretation and reporting of neonatal continuous simplified electroencephalography that is supported by amplitude-integrated trend analysis2018In: Acta Paediatrica, ISSN 0803-5253, E-ISSN 1651-2227, Vol. 107, no 10, p. 1702-1709Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Continuous monitoring of electroencephalography (EEG), with a focus on amplitude-integrated EEG (aEEG), has been used in neonatal intensive care for decades. A number of systems have been suggested for describing and quantifying aEEG patterns. Extensive full-montage EEG monitoring is used in specialised intensive care units. The American Clinical Neurophysiology Society published recommendations for defining and reporting EEG findings in critically ill adults and infants. Swedish neonatologists and clinical neurophysiologists collaborated to optimise simplified neonatal continuous aEEG and EEG recordings based on these American documents. Conclusion: This paper describes the Swedish consensus document produced by those meetings.

  • 14.
    Bader, Felix
    et al.
    School of Social Sciences, University of Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany.
    Baumeister, Bastian
    Institute of Sociology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.
    Berger, Roger
    Institute of Sociology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.
    Keuschnigg, Marc
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, The Institute for Analytical Sociology, IAS. Linköping University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences.
    On the Transportability of Laboratory Results2021In: Sociological Methods & Research, ISSN 0049-1241, E-ISSN 1552-8294, Vol. 50, no 3, p. 1452-1452Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The "transportability" of laboratory findings to other instances than the original implementation entails the robustness of rates of observed behaviors and estimated treatment effects to changes in the specific research setting and in the sample under study. In four studies based on incentivized games of fairness, trust, and reciprocity, we evaluate (1) the sensitivity of laboratory results to locally recruited student-subject pools, (2) the comparability of behavioral data collected online and, under varying anonymity conditions, in the laboratory, (3) the generalizability of student-based results to the broader population, and (4) with a replication at Amazon Mechanical Turk, the stability of laboratory results across research contexts. For the class of laboratory designs using incentivized games as measurement instruments of prosocial behavior, we find that rates of behavior and the exact behavioral differences between decision situations do not transport beyond specific implementations. Most clearly, data obtained from standard participant pools differ significantly from those from the broader population. This undermines the use of empirically motivated laboratory studies to establish descriptive parameters of human behavior. Directions of the behavioral differences between games, in contrast, are remarkably robust to changes in samples and settings. Moreover, we find no evidence for either anonymity effects nor mode effects potentially biasing laboratory measurement. These results underscore the capacity of laboratory experiments to establish generalizable causal effects in theory-driven designs.

  • 15.
    Baggman, Jonatan
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology.
    Berlin, Emmanuel
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology.
    Clevesjö, Tom
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology.
    Daerr, Anna
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology.
    Fremlén, Hannah
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology.
    Hild Walett, Oliver
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology.
    Holmqvist, Andreas
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology.
    Juhlin, Leo
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology.
    Johan, Larsson
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology.
    Marchner Brandt, Anton
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology.
    Hammarström, Per
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology.
    Mårtensson, Lars-Göran
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology.
    Creating an Antimicrobial Polysaccharide-Based Bandage Utilizing Antimicrobial Peptides and Enzymes2019Student paper other, 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    The aim of this study was to investigate the potential of creating an antimicrobial bandage composed of antimicrobial peptides and enzymes attached to a polysaccharide material such as a cellulose bandage. This bandage could be used for problematic wounds such as burn wounds which are prevalent to infections. Binding to cellulose was done by utilizing a carbohydrate binding domain (CBD) which was fused to an antimicrobial agent via a linker. The linker between the CBD and agent contains a thrombin site which allows the agents to be released when in contact with blood. The release mechanism of the antimicrobial agents increases the reach of the agents in addition to increasing their activity, as proven in this study. Both the CBD binding capacity and the thrombin cleavage mechanism were proven to be effective. The peptide used in this study was Pln1. The enzymes used were the bacteriophage lysins CHAP and PlyF307, where the latter additionally contains a peptide domain. Results showed that Pln1, CHAP and PlyF307 were highly effective against the gram-negative bacteria, whilst CHAP had the highest activity against gram-positive bacteria. A cellulose bandage was applied to bacterial cultures containing bound agents, simulating a bandage applied to a wound. The bandage without the addition of thrombin was found to be antibacterial, however, it showed a significant increase of antibacterial activity when thrombin was added, releasing the agent and allowing it full activity.

  • 16.
    Baldimtsi, Evangelia
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Division of Diagnostics and Specialist Medicine. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Region Östergötland, Local Health Care Services in Central Östergötland, Department of Acute Internal Medicine and Geriatrics.
    Whiss, Per A
    Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Linköping University, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Division of Clinical Chemistry and Pharmacology.
    Wahlberg, Jeanette
    Department of Medicine, Örebro University Hospital, Örebro, Sweden; Faculty of Medical Sciences, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden.
    Systemic biomarkers of microvascular alterations in type 1 diabetes associated neuropathy and nephropathy - A prospective long-term follow-up study2023In: Journal of diabetes and its complications, ISSN 1056-8727, E-ISSN 1873-460X, Vol. 37, no 12, article id 108635Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Introduction

    This study aimed to investigate circulating biomarkers associated with the risk of developing diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) and nephropathy in type 1 diabetes (T1D).

    Materials and methods

    Patients with childhood-onset T1D (n = 49, age 38.3 ± 3.8 yrs.) followed prospectively were evaluated after 30 years of diabetes duration. DPN was defined as an abnormality in nerve conduction tests. Matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) and its tissue inhibitor TIMP-1, neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin-2 (NGAL), soluble P-selectin (sP-selectin), estimated GFR (eGFR), micro/macroalbuminuria and routine biochemistry were assessed. For comparison, control subjects were included (n = 30, age 37.9 ± 5.5 yrs.).

    Results

    In all, twenty-five patients (51 %) were diagnosed with DPN, and nine patients (18 %) had nephropathy (five microalbuminuria and four macroalbuminuria). Patients with DPN had higher levels of TIMP-1 (p = 0.036) and sP-selectin (p = 0.005) than controls. Patients with DPN also displayed higher levels of TIMP-1 compared to patients without DPN (p = 0.035). Patients with macroalbuminuria had kidney disease stage 3 with lower eGFR, higher levels of TIMP-1 (p = 0.038), and NGAL (p = 0.002). In all patients, we found only weak negative correlations between eGFR and TIMP-1 (rho = −0.304, p = 0.040) and NGAL (rho = −0.277, p = 0.062, ns), respectively. MMP-9 was higher in patients with microalbuminuria (p = 0.021) compared with normoalbuminuric patients.

    Conclusions

    Our findings indicate that TIMP-1 and MMP-9, as well as sP-selectin and NGAL, are involved in microvascular complications in T1D. Monitoring and targeting these biomarkers may be a potential strategy for treating diabetic nephropathy and neuropathy.

  • 17.
    Balla, Hajnal Zsuzsanna
    et al.
    Orebro Univ, Sweden.
    Theodorsson, Elvar
    Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Region Östergötland, Center for Diagnostics, Department of Clinical Chemistry. Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of Clinical Chemistry.
    Ström, Jakob
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of Microbiology and Molecular Medicine. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Orebro Univ, Sweden.
    Evaluation of commercial, wireless dermal thermometers for surrogate measurements of core temperature2019In: Scandinavian Journal of Clinical and Laboratory Investigation, ISSN 0036-5513, E-ISSN 1502-7686, Vol. 79, no 1-2Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Extensive research has been devoted to developing methods for assessing core body temperature, and to determine which method is most accurate. A number of wireless dermal thermometers for home use are presently available, but their relation to core body temperature and suitability for use in clinical research has hitherto not been assessed. The current study aimed to evaluate such thermometers by comparing them to the results of a rectal thermometer. Four wireless dermal thermometers for home use (FeverSmart, iThermonitor, Quest Temp Sitter, and Thermochron iButton) were applied to 15 patients during 24 h, and rectal temperature was measured at four occasions. Pearson correlation revealed moderate correlation for the Feversmart (r = 0.75), iThermonitor (r = 0.79), and Thermochron iButton (r = 0.71) systems. The Quest Temp Sitter system malfunctioned repeatedly, and the correlation (r = 0.29) for this method should therefore be assessed with caution. All dermal thermometers rendered lower average temperatures than Terumo c405 (Feversmart -0.70 +/- 0.65 degrees C; iThermonitor -0.77 +/- 0.53 degrees C, Quest Temp Sitter -1.18 +/- 0.66 degrees C, and Thermochron iButton -0.87 +/- 0.65 degrees C). Sensitivity of the dermal thermometers for detecting core temperatures amp;gt;= 38.0 degrees C was low, ranging from 0.33 to 0.6, but improved to 0.60 to 0.80 after adjusting temperatures by the methods average deviation from rectal temperature. The results from the dermal thermometers tested here showed an insufficient correlation to core temperature to be used for core temperature monitoring in clinical research and practice. Unfortunately, other options for non-invasive temperature measurements are few. The two thermometers with the least unsatisfactory performance profile in our evaluations were the Feversmart and iThermonitor systems.

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  • 18.
    Boiso, Samuel
    et al.
    Swedish National Forensic Centre, Linköping, Sweden.
    Dalin, Erik
    Swedish National Forensic Centre, Linköping, Sweden.
    Seidlitz, Heidi
    Swedish National Forensic Centre, Linköping, Sweden.
    Sidstedt, Maja
    Swedish National Forensic Centre, Linköping, Sweden; Applied Microbiology, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
    Trygg, Elias
    Swedish National Forensic Centre, Linköping, Sweden.
    Hedman, Johannes
    Swedish National Forensic Centre, Linköping, Sweden; Applied Microbiology, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
    Ansell, Ricky
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Biology. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering. Swedish National Forensic Centre, Linköping, Sweden.
    RapidHIT for the purpose of stain analyses – An interrupted implementation2017In: Forensic Science International: Genetics Supplement Series, ISSN 1875-1768, E-ISSN 1875-175X, Vol. 6, no Supplement C, p. e589-e590Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Rapid DNA instruments have in recent years been developed, enabling analysis of forensic samples with a minimum of human intervention. Initially intended for fast handling of reference samples, such as samples from suspects in booking suites, attention shifted to include crime scene samples. The aim of this study was to determine whether or not the RapidHIT System (IntegenX) is fit for crime scene samples. The first runs gave very poor results, which was found to be due to an incorrect firmware setting leading to no or just minute amounts of amplicons being injected for electrophoresis. After solving this problem, 28 full runs (seven samples each) applying NGM SElect Express were performed comprising various amounts of blood on cotton swabs. Six of the runs failed completely, four due to cartridge leakage and in two runs the PCR mix was not injected. For 155 samples with 1–5ÎŒL blood (volumes for which complete DNA profiles are expected), 119 samples (77%) gave complete DNA profiles. Among the most serious failures were incorrect allele calling and leakage of DNA extract or PCR product. Other general issues were failure to export results, anode motor breakdown and broken capillary array. Due to the encountered problems with software, hardware and cartridges, together with the low success rate, it was decided not to continue towards implementation of the RapidHIT System in casework.

  • 19.
    Bojmar, Linda
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Division of Surgery, Orthopedics and Oncology. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Childrens Cancer and Blood Foundation Laboratories, Departments of Pediatrics, and Cell and Developmental Biology, Drukier Institute for Childrens Health, Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA.
    Kim, Han Sang
    Childrens Cancer and Blood Foundation Laboratories, Departments of Pediatrics, and Cell and Developmental Biology, Drukier Institute for Childrens Health, Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA; Yonsei Cancer Center, Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Brain Korea 21 Project, Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
    Tobias, Gabriel C
    Childrens Cancer and Blood Foundation Laboratories, Departments of Pediatrics, and Cell and Developmental Biology, Drukier Institute for Childrens Health, Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA; School of Physical Education and Sport, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
    Pelissier Vatter, Fanny A
    Childrens Cancer and Blood Foundation Laboratories, Departments of Pediatrics, and Cell and Developmental Biology, Drukier Institute for Childrens Health, Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA.
    Lucotti, Serena
    Childrens Cancer and Blood Foundation Laboratories, Departments of Pediatrics, and Cell and Developmental Biology, Drukier Institute for Childrens Health, Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA.
    Gyan, Kofi Ennu
    Childrens Cancer and Blood Foundation Laboratories, Departments of Pediatrics, and Cell and Developmental Biology, Drukier Institute for Childrens Health, Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA; Tri-Institutional PhD Program in Computational Biology and Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
    Kenific, Candia M.
    Childrens Cancer and Blood Foundation Laboratories, Departments of Pediatrics, and Cell and Developmental Biology, Drukier Institute for Childrens Health, Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA.
    Wan, Zurong
    Childrens Cancer and Blood Foundation Laboratories, Departments of Pediatrics, and Cell and Developmental Biology, Drukier Institute for Childrens Health, Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
    Kim, Kyung-A
    Yonsei Cancer Center, Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Brain Korea 21 Project, Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
    Kim, DooA
    Yonsei Cancer Center, Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Brain Korea 21 Project, Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
    Hernandez, Jonathan
    Hepatopancreatobiliary Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA; Surgical Oncology Program, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
    Pascual, Virginia
    Department of Pediatrics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA; Drukier Institute for Childrens Health, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
    Heaton, Todd E
    Department of Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA; Pediatric Surgical Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.
    La Quaglia, Michael P
    Department of Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA; Pediatric Surgical Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.
    Kelsen, David
    Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.
    Trippett, Tanya M
    Department of Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.
    Jones, David R
    Thoracic Surgery Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.
    Jarnagin, William R.
    Hepatopancreatobiliary Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.
    Matei, Irina R.
    Childrens Cancer and Blood Foundation Laboratories, Departments of Pediatrics, and Cell and Developmental Biology, Drukier Institute for Childrens Health, Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA.
    Zhang, Haiying
    Childrens Cancer and Blood Foundation Laboratories, Departments of Pediatrics, and Cell and Developmental Biology, Drukier Institute for Childrens Health, Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA.
    Hoshino, Ayuko
    Childrens Cancer and Blood Foundation Laboratories, Departments of Pediatrics, and Cell and Developmental Biology, Drukier Institute for Childrens Health, Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA; School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, Japan.
    Lyden, David
    Childrens Cancer and Blood Foundation Laboratories, Departments of Pediatrics, and Cell and Developmental Biology, Drukier Institute for Childrens Health, Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA.
    Extracellular vesicle and particle isolation from human and murine cell lines, tissues, and bodily fluids2021In: STAR protocols, ISSN 2666-1667, Vol. 2, no 1Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    We developed a modified protocol, based on differential ultracentrifugation (dUC), to isolate extracellular vesicles and particles (specifically exomeres) (EVPs) from various human and murine sources, including cell lines, surgically resected tumors and adjacent tissues, and bodily fluids, such as blood, lymphatic fluid, and bile. The diversity of these samples requires robust and highly reproducible protocols and refined isolation technology, such as asymmetric-flow field-flow fractionation (AF4). Our isolation protocol allows for preparation of EVPs for various downstream applications, including proteomic profiling. For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Hoshino et al. (2020).

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  • 20.
    Borga, Magnus
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Medical Informatics. Linköping University, The Institute of Technology.
    Friman, Ola
    Linköping University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Medical Informatics. Linköping University, The Institute of Technology.
    Lundberg, Peter
    Linköping University, Center for Medical Image Science and Visualization (CMIV). Linköping University, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Radiology. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Knutsson, Hans
    Linköping University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Medical Informatics. Linköping University, The Institute of Technology.
    Blind Source Separation of Functional MRI Data2002Conference paper (Other academic)
  • 21.
    Braian, Clara
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of Microbiology and Molecular Medicine. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences.
    Svensson, Mattias
    Karolinska Institute, Sweden.
    Brighenti, Susanna
    Karolinska Institute, Sweden.
    Lerm, Maria
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of Microbiology and Molecular Medicine. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences.
    Parasa, Venkata R.
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of Microbiology and Molecular Medicine. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Karolinska Institute, Sweden.
    A 3D Human Lung Tissue Model for Functional Studies on Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection2015In: Journal of Visualized Experiments, E-ISSN 1940-087X, no 104, p. 1-9, article id e53084Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Tuberculosis (TB) still holds a major threat to the health of people worldwide, and there is a need for cost-efficient but reliable models to help us understand the disease mechanisms and advance the discoveries of new treatment options. In vitro cell cultures of monolayers or co-cultures lack the three-dimensional (3D) environment and tissue responses. Herein, we describe an innovative in vitro model of a human lung tissue, which holds promise to be an effective tool for studying the complex events that occur during infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis). The 3D tissue model consists of tissue-specific epithelial cells and fibroblasts, which are cultured in a matrix of collagen on top of a porous membrane. Upon air exposure, the epithelial cells stratify and secrete mucus at the apical side. By introducing human primary macrophages infected with M. tuberculosis to the tissue model, we have shown that immune cells migrate into the infected-tissue and form early stages of TB granuloma. These structures recapitulate the distinct feature of human TB, the granuloma, which is fundamentally different or not commonly observed in widely used experimental animal models. This organotypic culture method enables the 3D visualization and robust quantitative analysis that provides pivotal information on spatial and temporal features of host cell-pathogen interactions. Taken together, the lung tissue model provides a physiologically relevant tissue micro-environment for studies on TB. Thus, the lung tissue model has potential implications for both basic mechanistic and applied studies. Importantly, the model allows addition or manipulation of individual cell types, which thereby widens its use for modelling a variety of infectious diseases that affect the lungs.

  • 22.
    Brodin, Henrik
    Linköping University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Medical Informatics. Linköping University, The Institute of Technology.
    CCASENSE: Canonical Correlation Analysis for Estimation of Sensitivity Maps for Fast MRI2006Independent thesis Basic level (professional degree), 20 credits / 30 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Magnetic Resonance Imaging is an established technology for both imaging and functional studies in clinical and research environments. The field is still very research intense. Two major research areas are acquisition time and signal quality. The last decade has provided tools for more efficient possibilities of trading these factors against each other through parallel imaging. In this thesis one parallel imaging method, Sensitivity Encoding for fast MRI (SENSE) is examined. An alternative solution CCASENSE is developed. CCASENSE reduces the acquisition time by estimating the sensitivity maps required for SENSE to work instead of running a reference scan. The estimation process is done by Blind Source Separation through Canonical Correlation Analysis. It is shown that CCASENSE appears to estimate the sensitivity maps better than ICASENSE which is a similar algorithm.

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  • 23.
    Brun, Anders
    Linköping University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Medical Informatics. Linköping University, The Institute of Technology.
    Manifold learning and representations for image analysis and visualization2006Licentiate thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    We present a novel method for manifold learning, i.e. identification of the low-dimensional manifold-like structure present in a set of data points in a possibly high-dimensional space. The main idea is derived from the concept of Riemannian normal coordinates. This coordinate system is in a way a generalization of Cartesian coordinates in Euclidean space. We translate this idea to a cloud of data points in order to perform dimension reduction. Our implementation currently uses Dijkstra's algorithm for shortest paths in graphs and some basic concepts from differential geometry. We expect this approach to open up new possibilities for analysis of e.g. shape in medical imaging and signal processing of manifold-valued signals, where the coordinate system is “learned” from experimental high-dimensional data rather than defined analytically using e.g. models based on Lie-groups.

    We propose a novel post processing method for visualization of fiber traces from DT-MRI data. Using a recently proposed non-linear dimensionality reduction technique, Laplacian eigenmaps (Belkin and Niyogi, 2002), we create a mapping from a set of fiber traces to a low dimensional Euclidean space. Laplacian eigenmaps constructs this mapping so that similar traces are mapped to similar points, given a custom made pairwise similarity measure for fiber traces. We demonstrate that when the low-dimensional space is the RGB color space, this can be used to visualize fiber traces in a way which enhances the perception of fiber bundles and connectivity in the human brain.

  • 24.
    Brun, Anders
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Medical Informatics. Linköping University, The Institute of Technology. Linköping University, Center for Medical Image Science and Visualization (CMIV).
    Knutsson, Hans
    Linköping University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Medical Informatics. Linköping University, The Institute of Technology. Linköping University, Center for Medical Image Science and Visualization (CMIV).
    Tensor Glyph Warping - Visualizing Metric Tensor Fields using Riemannian Exponential Maps2009In: Visualization and Processing of Tensor Fields: Advances and Perspectives / [ed] Laidlaw, David H.; Weickert, Joachim, Springer Berlin/Heidelberg, 2009, p. 139-160Chapter in book (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The Riemannian exponential map, and its inverse the Riemannian logarithm map, can be used to visualize metric tensor fields. In this chapter we first derive the well-known metric sphere glyph from the geodesic equations, where the tensor field to be visualized is regarded as the metric of a manifold. These glyphs capture the appearance of the tensors relative to the coordinate system of the human observer. We then introduce two new concepts for metric tensor field visualization: geodesic spheres and geodesically warped glyphs. These additions make it possible not only to visualize tensor anisotropy, but also the curvature and change in tensorshape in a local neighborhood. The framework is based on the exp maps, which can be computed by solving a second order Ordinary Differential Equation (ODE) or by manipulating the geodesic distance function. The latter can be found by solving the eikonal equation, a non-linear Partial Differential Equation (PDE), or it can be derived analytically for some manifolds. To avoid heavy calculations, we also include first and second order Taylor approximations to exp and log. In our experiments, these are shown to be sufficiently accurate to produce glyphs that visually characterize anisotropy, curvature and shape-derivatives in smooth tensor fields. 

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    Tensor Glyph Warping - Visualizing Metric Tensor Fields using Riemannian Exponential Maps
  • 25.
    Bzdula, Jessica
    Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Den preanalytiska fasen – Hur viktigt är det att blanda serumrören?2014Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Background: Approximately 2/3 of all pre-analytical errors occur in the pre-analytical phase, where mixing of sample tubes directly after sampling is one of the factors. The purpose of the study was to compare the analytical results for the glucose, lactate dehydrogenase and potassium in serum from mixed tubes with unmixed tubes. The study's aim was also to investigate the durability of these three analytes at room temperature (25 °C) for seven days.

    Method: 100 mixed and 100 unmixed serum tubes with gel, from 100 patients, were analyzed on Architect ci2800. Assay results were statistically compared with the paired t-test. All the serum tubes were stored at room temperature for seven days and the three analytes were analyzed daily. The results of the analysis were compared statistically by ANOVA.

    Results: No statistical significant difference (p > 0,05) was found for glucose and potassium between the unmixed and mixed tubes. Lactate dehydrogenase showed a small but statistical significant difference (p < 0,05) between the unmixed and mixed tubes. The differences in durability between day 1, day 2 and day 7 of the glucose, lactate dehydrogenase and potassium was found to be statistic significant (p < 0,05).

    Conclusion: This study indicates that it is not necessary to mix the serum tubes immediately after the blood sampling, however it is important to mix other types of tubes, such as citrate tube. Therefore it is good to create a routine while you are mixing all the tubes. Glucose is the most stable analyte in room temperature for seven days while the potassium is the least stable.

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    examensarbete Jessica Bzdula
  • 26.
    Börjesson, Emma
    Linköping University, Department of Medical and Health Sciences. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences.
    Analys av 25-hydroxyvitamin D i primärvården2015Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 180 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Background: The interest of vitamin D has increased in the last years. That is because there is so many possible positive effects of vitamin D and also because many individuals has vitamin D deficiency. Modern man spends much time indoors which leads to lower levels of vitamin D. People who have emigrated from a sunny climate to a Nordic climate often gets a deficiency due to a more pigmented skin which requires a larger amount of UVB to get an adequate synthesis of vitamin D.

    Aim: The aim with this study is to compare and evaluate how similar the instrument mini VIDAS measures 25(OH)D total against the current existing method cobas e 602. A discussion about if 25(OH)D total has a place in primary health care is included in the study.

    Method: The comparison was based on 39 samples. The samples was analyzed on cobas e 602 and mini VIDAS. A precision test was performed. External controls from DEQAS was also included in the study. The results have been presented with simple linear regression analysis, mean value, SD and CV.

    Results: The comparison between cobas e 602 and mini VIDAS gave a coefficient of determination of 81,34 %. mini VIDAS was closest to the external controls target values.

    Conclusion: There is no obvious conclusions about if mini VIDAS fulfills the requirement to be introduced to primary health care. The coefficient of determination of 81,34 % should be at least 95 %. However is mini VIDAS closer to the external controls target values then cobas e 602. There is factors that implies that 25(OH)D total has a place in primary health care with regards to demand, use and because many individuals has vitamin D deficiency. The instrument is also user-friendly to a primary health care laboratory.

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  • 27.
    Caesar, Jenny
    Linköping University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Medical Informatics. Linköping University, The Institute of Technology.
    Segmentation of the Brain from MR Images2005Independent thesis Basic level (professional degree), 20 credits / 30 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    KTH, Division of Neuronic Engineering, have a finite element model of the head. However, this model does not contain detailed modeling of the brain. This thesis project consists of finding a method to extract brain tissues from T1-weighted MR images of the head. The method should be automatic to be suitable for patient individual modeling.

    A summary of the most common segmentation methods is presented and one of the methods is implemented. The implemented method is based on the assumption that the probability density function (pdf) of an MR image can be described by parametric models. The intensity distribution of each tissue class is modeled as a Gaussian distribution. Thus, the total pdf is a sum of Gaussians. However, the voxel values are also influenced by intensity inhomogeneities, which affect the pdf. The implemented method is based on the expectation-maximization algorithm and it corrects for intensity inhomogeneities. The result from the algorithm is a classification of the voxels. The brain is extracted from the classified voxels using morphological operations.

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  • 28.
    Casalinuovo, Silvia
    et al.
    Univ Roma La Sapienza, Italy.
    Buzzin, Alessio
    Univ Roma La Sapienza, Italy.
    Caschera, Daniela
    CNR, Italy.
    Quaranta, Simone
    CNR, Italy.
    Federici, Fulvio
    CNR, Italy.
    Puglisi, Donatella
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Sensor and Actuator Systems. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    de Cesare, Giampiero
    Univ Roma La Sapienza, Italy.
    Caputo, Domenico
    Univ Roma La Sapienza, Italy.
    Enhancing breath analysis with a novel AuNP-coated cotton sensor2023In: 2023 9TH INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON ADVANCES IN SENSORS AND INTERFACES, IWASI, IEEE , 2023, p. 241-245Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Human health has always been a major concern for science. Over the years, health research has included different areas, ranging from specific therapies to patients lifestyle and social information: "patient-oriented" approaches have increasingly emerged as a crucial tool for health care systems, as clearly shown during the recent SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. In this context, the synergy between different scientific and technological fields, such as biology, chemistry, physics, and engineering, is increasingly considered an essential requirement. This work presents a low cost and easy-to-use sensor of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in exhaled breath, with the purpose of serving as a rapid, non-invasive and versatile diagnostic tool in smart medicine applications. A "lockand-key" system relying on gold nanoparticles deposited on cotton fabric enables the detection of target molecules, whose adsorption produces variations in terms of electrical impedance. The system has been exposed to ethanol-based solutions in an experimental campaign to investigate the sensing capabilities at 1 Hz - 1 MHz frequency range. The results achieved demonstrate the feasibility in obtaining health-relevant VOCs detection based on impedance analysis.

  • 29. Order onlineBuy this publication >>
    Casas Garcia, Belén
    Linköping University, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Linköping University, Center for Medical Image Science and Visualization (CMIV).
    Towards Personalized Models of the Cardiovascular System Using 4D Flow MRI2018Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    Current diagnostic tools for assessing cardiovascular disease mostly focus on measuring a given biomarker at a specific spatial location where an abnormality is suspected. However, as a result of the dynamic and complex nature of the cardiovascular system, the analysis of isolated biomarkers is generally not sufficient to characterize the pathological mechanisms behind a disease. Model-based approaches that integrate the mechanisms through which different components interact, and present possibilities for system-level analyses, give us a better picture of a patient’s overall health status.

    One of the main goals of cardiovascular modelling is the development of personalized models based on clinical measurements. Recent years have seen remarkable advances in medical imaging and the use of personalized models is slowly becoming a reality. Modern imaging techniques can provide an unprecedented amount of anatomical and functional information about the heart and vessels. In this context, three-dimensional, three-directional, cine phase-contrast (PC) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), commonly referred to as 4D Flow MRI, arises as a powerful tool for creating personalized models. 4D Flow MRI enables the measurement of time-resolved velocity information with volumetric coverage. Besides providing a rich dataset within a single acquisition, the technique permits retrospective analysis of the data at any location within the acquired volume.

    This thesis focuses on improving subject-specific assessment of cardiovascular function through model-based analysis of 4D Flow MRI data. By using computational models, we aimed to provide mechanistic explanations of the underlying physiological processes, derive novel or improved hemodynamic markers, and estimate quantities that typically require invasive measurements. Paper I presents an evaluation of current markers of stenosis severity using advanced models to simulate flow through a stenosis. Paper II presents a framework to personalize a reduced-order, mechanistic model of the cardiovascular system using exclusively non-invasive measurements, including 4D Flow MRI data. The modelling approach can unravel a number of clinically relevant parameters from the input data, including those representing the contraction and relaxation patterns of the left ventricle, and provide estimations of the pressure-volume loop. In Paper III, this framework is applied to study cardiovascular function at rest and during stress conditions, and the capability of the model to infer load-independent measures of heart function based on the imaging data is demonstrated. Paper IV focuses on evaluating the reliability of the model parameters as a step towards translation of the model to the clinic.

    List of papers
    1. 4D Flow MRI-Based Pressure Loss Estimation in Stenotic Flows: Evaluation Using Numerical Simulations
    Open this publication in new window or tab >>4D Flow MRI-Based Pressure Loss Estimation in Stenotic Flows: Evaluation Using Numerical Simulations
    2016 (English)In: Magnetic Resonance in Medicine, ISSN 0740-3194, E-ISSN 1522-2594, Vol. 75, no 4, p. 1808-1821Article in journal (Refereed) Published
    Abstract [en]

    Purpose: To assess how 4D flow MRI-based pressure and energy loss estimates correspond to net transstenotic pressure gradients (TPG(net)) and their dependence on spatial resolution. Methods: Numerical velocity data of stenotic flow were obtained from computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations in geometries with varying stenosis degrees, poststenotic diameters and flow rates. MRI measurements were simulated at different spatial resolutions. The simplified and extended Bernoulli equations, Pressure-Poisson equation (PPE), and integration of turbulent kinetic energy (TKE) and viscous dissipation were compared against the true TPG(net). Results: The simplified Bernoulli equation overestimated the true TPG(net) (8.74 +/- 0.67 versus 6.76 +/- 0.54 mmHg). The extended Bernoulli equation performed better (6.57 +/- 0.53 mmHg), although errors remained at low TPG(net). TPG(net) estimations using the PPE were always close to zero. Total TKE and viscous dissipation correlated strongly with TPG(net) for each geometry (r(2) &gt; 0.93) and moderately considering all geometries (r(2) = 0.756 and r(2) = 0.776, respectively). TKE estimates were accurate and minorly impacted by resolution. Viscous dissipation was overall underestimated and resolution dependent. Conclusion: Several parameters overestimate or are not linearly related to TPG(net) and/or depend on spatial resolution. Considering idealized axisymmetric geometries and in absence of noise, TPG(net) was best estimated using the extended Bernoulli equation. (C) 2015 The Authors. Magnetic Resonance in Medicine published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of International Society for Magnetic Resonance.

    Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
    WILEY-BLACKWELL, 2016
    Keywords
    pressure loss; phase contrast magnetic resonance imaging; aortic valve disease; aortic coarctation
    National Category
    Clinical Medicine
    Identifiers
    urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-127426 (URN)10.1002/mrm.25772 (DOI)000372910900043 ()26016805 (PubMedID)
    Note

    Funding Agencies|European Research Council [310612]; Swedish Research Council

    Available from: 2016-05-01 Created: 2016-04-26 Last updated: 2018-10-10
    2. Bridging the gap between measurements and modelling: a cardiovascular functional avatar
    Open this publication in new window or tab >>Bridging the gap between measurements and modelling: a cardiovascular functional avatar
    Show others...
    2017 (English)In: Scientific Reports, E-ISSN 2045-2322, Vol. 7, article id 6214Article in journal (Refereed) Published
    Abstract [en]

    Lumped parameter models of the cardiovascular system have the potential to assist researchers and clinicians to better understand cardiovascular function. The value of such models increases when they are subject specific. However, most approaches to personalize lumped parameter models have thus far required invasive measurements or fall short of being subject specific due to a lack of the necessary clinical data. Here, we propose an approach to personalize parameters in a model of the heart and the systemic circulation using exclusively non-invasive measurements. The personalized model is created using flow data from four-dimensional magnetic resonance imaging and cuff pressure measurements in the brachial artery. We term this personalized model the cardiovascular avatar. In our proof-of-concept study, we evaluated the capability of the avatar to reproduce pressures and flows in a group of eight healthy subjects. Both quantitatively and qualitatively, the model-based results agreed well with the pressure and flow measurements obtained in vivo for each subject. This non-invasive and personalized approach can synthesize medical data into clinically relevant indicators of cardiovascular function, and estimate hemodynamic variables that cannot be assessed directly from clinical measurements.

    Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
    Nature Publishing Group, 2017
    National Category
    Biomedical Laboratory Science/Technology
    Identifiers
    urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-140069 (URN)10.1038/s41598-017-06339-0 (DOI)000406260100018 ()28740184 (PubMedID)2-s2.0-85025821468 (Scopus ID)
    Note

    Funding Agencies|European Research Council [310612]; Swedish Research Council [2014-6191]

    Available from: 2017-08-28 Created: 2017-08-28 Last updated: 2023-12-28Bibliographically approved
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    Towards Personalized Models of the Cardiovascular System Using 4D Flow MRI
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  • 30.
    Casas Garcia, Belén
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Linköping University, Center for Medical Image Science and Visualization (CMIV).
    Lantz, Jonas
    Linköping University, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Linköping University, Center for Medical Image Science and Visualization (CMIV).
    Viola, Federica
    Linköping University, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences.
    Cedersund, Gunnar
    Linköping University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Division of Biomedical Engineering. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Bolger, Ann F.
    Linköping University, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Region Östergötland, Heart and Medicine Center, Department of Clinical Physiology in Linköping. University of Calif San Francisco, CA USA.
    Carlhäll, Carljohan
    Linköping University, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Region Östergötland, Heart and Medicine Center, Department of Clinical Physiology in Linköping. Linköping University, Center for Medical Image Science and Visualization (CMIV).
    Karlsson, Matts
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Applied Thermodynamics and Fluid Mechanics. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering. Linköping University, Center for Medical Image Science and Visualization (CMIV).
    Ebbers, Tino
    Linköping University, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Region Östergötland, Heart and Medicine Center, Department of Clinical Physiology in Linköping. Linköping University, Center for Medical Image Science and Visualization (CMIV).
    Bridging the gap between measurements and modelling: a cardiovascular functional avatar2017In: Scientific Reports, E-ISSN 2045-2322, Vol. 7, article id 6214Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Lumped parameter models of the cardiovascular system have the potential to assist researchers and clinicians to better understand cardiovascular function. The value of such models increases when they are subject specific. However, most approaches to personalize lumped parameter models have thus far required invasive measurements or fall short of being subject specific due to a lack of the necessary clinical data. Here, we propose an approach to personalize parameters in a model of the heart and the systemic circulation using exclusively non-invasive measurements. The personalized model is created using flow data from four-dimensional magnetic resonance imaging and cuff pressure measurements in the brachial artery. We term this personalized model the cardiovascular avatar. In our proof-of-concept study, we evaluated the capability of the avatar to reproduce pressures and flows in a group of eight healthy subjects. Both quantitatively and qualitatively, the model-based results agreed well with the pressure and flow measurements obtained in vivo for each subject. This non-invasive and personalized approach can synthesize medical data into clinically relevant indicators of cardiovascular function, and estimate hemodynamic variables that cannot be assessed directly from clinical measurements.

    Download full text (pdf)
    fulltext
  • 31.
    Chen, Rong
    et al.
    Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Enberg, G.
    Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Klein, Gunnar O.
    Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden + Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Julius - a template based supplementary electronic health record system2007In: BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making, E-ISSN 1472-6947, Vol. 7, no 10Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    BACKGROUND: EHR systems are widely used in hospitals and primary care centres but it is usually difficult to share information and to collect patient data for clinical research. This is partly due to the different proprietary information models and inconsistent data quality. Our objective was to provide a more flexible solution enabling the clinicians to define which data to be recorded and shared for both routine documentation and clinical studies. The data should be possible to reuse through a common set of variable definitions providing a consistent nomenclature and validation of data. Another objective was that the templates used for the data entry and presentation should be possible to use in combination with the existing EHR systems.

    METHODS: We have designed and developed a template based system (called Julius) that was integrated with existing EHR systems. The system is driven by the medical domain knowledge defined by clinicians in the form of templates and variable definitions stored in a common data repository. The system architecture consists of three layers. The presentation layer is purely web-based, which facilitates integration with existing EHR products. The domain layer consists of the template design system, a variable/clinical concept definition system, the transformation and validation logic all implemented in Java. The data source layer utilizes an object relational mapping tool and a relational database.

    RESULTS: The Julius system has been implemented, tested and deployed to three health care units in Stockholm, Sweden. The initial responses from the pilot users were positive. The template system facilitates patient data collection in many ways. The experience of using the template system suggests that enabling the clinicians to be in control of the system, is a good way to add supplementary functionality to the present EHR systems.

    CONCLUSION: The approach of the template system in combination with various local EHR systems can facilitate the sharing and reuse of validated clinical information from different health care units. However, future system developments for these purposes should consider using the openEHR/CEN models with shareable archetypes.

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    Julius - a template based supplementary electronic health record system
  • 32. Order onlineBuy this publication >>
    Cherian, Dennis
    Linköping University, Department of Science and Technology, Laboratory of Organic Electronics. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Expanding the versatility and functionality of iontronic devices2021Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    Biological systems rarely use electrons as signal regulators, most of the transport and communication in these system utilize ions. The discovery of conjugated polymers and polyelectrolytes and their unique properties of mixed ionic electronic properties opened the possibility of using these in the domain of bioelectronics, which paved the way for the field of organic bioelectronics. After the introduction of the organic electronic ion pump (OEIP) in 2007, which utilizes both the ionic properties of conjugated polymers and polyelectrolytes, the new field of “iontronics” evolved. TheOEIP is an organic polymer-based delivery system based on electrophoretic transport of biologically relevant and ionically charged species, without fluid flow and with high spatial, temporal, and dosage precision. These devices have been extensivelystudied for the past 14 years and have found numerous demonstrations in in vivo and in vitro delivery of bio-relevant ions for therapeutic application. This has, in parallel, resulted in the development of custom materials for ion exchange membranes (IEMs) within the OEIP.

    This thesis focuses on IEMs and device development of OEIPs. Specific focus is given to process development through device design and fabrication through conventional and unconventional technologies. Conventional technologies include microfabrication through photolithography, etching, and thin-film evaporation. Unconventional fabrication techniques include screen printing, inkjet printing, stencil, and laser patterning. In this thesis, we have also scouted a new area of research to utilize the ion-selective properties of polyelectrolytes. Here we discuss a new ion detection technique using IEMs and ion transport based on diffusion coefficients and impedance measurement at a specific frequency using impedance spectroscopy for faster ion detection with low voltage (1–40 V) and liquid-flow-free transport. Further exploring the area of IEMs, we have realized that less attention has been given to stretchable IEMs, even though such materials could find enormous applications in the field of organic bioelectronics and can be used in association with many stretchable electronics applications like stretchable displays and energy storage devices. Current IEMs lack the conformability and stretchability to be used for implantable applications, e.g., including lungs, heart, muscle, soft or brain implants, joints, etc. Keeping this in mind we also discuss our approach for the development of a stretchable IEM. Finally, we focus on developing a hybrid fabrication protocol of flexible OEIPs with micropatterning techniques and inkjet-printed membranes. These OEIPs were fabricated and the functionality was validated by the cell response after the delivery of a nerve-blocking agent to cells in vitro. To date, OEIPs have been fabricated by micropatterning and labor-intensive manual techniques, impeding the budding application areas of this propitious technology. To address this issue, a novel approach to the fabrication of the OEIPs using screen-printing technology is also explored in this thesis. 

    In summary, we were able to successfully explore the field of ion-exchange membranesand put forward a new technique for ion detection and stretchable IEMs for future applications. Fabrication of OEIPs was also examined which resulted in the development of a hybrid fabrication protocol with inkjet printing for OEIPs and a robust fully screen printed OEIPs with high manufacturing yield (>90%) for industrial-scale manufacturing.

    List of papers
    1. Large-area printed organic electronic ion pumps
    Open this publication in new window or tab >>Large-area printed organic electronic ion pumps
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    2019 (English)In: FLEXIBLE AND PRINTED ELECTRONICS, ISSN 2058-8585, Vol. 4, no 2, article id 022001Article in journal (Refereed) Published
    Abstract [en]

    Biological systems use a large variety of ions and molecules of different sizes for signaling. Precise electronic regulation of biological systems therefore requires an interface which translates the electronic signals into chemically specific biological signals. One technology for this purpose that has been developed during the last decade is the organic electronic ion pump (OEIP). To date, OEIPs have been fabricated by micropatterning and labor-intensive manual techniques, hindering the potential application areas of this promising technology. Here we show, for the first time, fully screen-printed OEIPs. We demonstrate a large-area printed design with manufacturing yield amp;gt;90%. Screen-printed cation- and anion-exchange membranes are both demonstrated with promising ion selectivity and performance, with transport verified for both small ions (Na+,K+,Cl-) and biologically-relevant molecules (the cationic neurotransmitter acetylcholine, and the anionic anti-inflammatory salicylic acid). These advances open the iontronics toolbox to the world of printed electronics, paving the way for a broader arena for applications.

    Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
    IOP PUBLISHING LTD, 2019
    Keywords
    bioelectronics; drug delivery; organic electronics; electrophoresis; printed electronics
    National Category
    Analytical Chemistry
    Identifiers
    urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-157521 (URN)10.1088/2058-8585/ab17b1 (DOI)000466753600001 ()
    Note

    Funding Agencies|Swedish Foundation for Strategic Research; Vinnova; Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation; Swedish Government Strategic Research Area in Materials Science on Advanced Functional Materials at Linkoping University (Faculty Grant SFO-Mat-LiU) [200900971]

    Available from: 2019-06-23 Created: 2019-06-23 Last updated: 2021-09-22
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  • 33.
    Cholujová, Dana
    et al.
    Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Research Institute, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Vlárska 7, Bratislava, Slovakia.
    Jakubíková, Jana
    Laboratory of Tumor Immunology, Cancer Research Institute, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Vlárska 7, Bratislava, Slovakia.
    Kubeš, Miroslav
    Institute of Virology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, Bratislava, Slovakia.
    Arendacká, Barbora
    Institute of Measurement Science, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, Bratislava, Slovakia.
    Sapák, Michal
    Institute of Immunology, Medical Faculty of Comenius University, Sasinkova 4, Bratislava, Slovakia.
    Ihnatko, Robert
    Institute of Virology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, Bratislava, Slovakia.
    Sedlák, Ján
    Laboratory of Tumor Immunology, Cancer Research Institute, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Vlárska 7, Bratislava, Slovakia.
    Comparative study of four fluorescent probes for evaluation of natural killer cell cytotoxicity assays2008In: Immunobiology, ISSN 0171-2985, E-ISSN 1878-3279, Vol. 213, no 8, p. 629-640Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Cytotoxicity is one of the major defence mechanisms against both virus-infected and tumor cells. Radioactive 51chromium (51Cr) release assay is a “gold standard” for assessment of natural killer (NK) cytolytic activity in vitro. Several disadvantages of this assay led us to design alternative tools based on flow cytometry analysis. Four different fluorescent dyes, calcein acetoxymethyl ester (CAM), carboxyfluorescein succinimidyl ester (CFSE), Vybrant DiO (DiO) and MitoTracker Green (MTG) were tested for labeling of NK target K-562 cells. Target staining stability, spontaneous release of fluorochromes and subsequent accumulation in bystander unstained cells were measured using fluorimetry and flow cytometry. Healthy donor peripheral blood mononuclear cells and affinity column purified NK cells were used as effectors coincubated with target K-562 cells at different E:T ratios for 3h and 90min, respectively. Fluorescent probe 7-amino-actinomycin D was used for live and dead cell discrimination. Bland–Altman statistical method was applied to measure true agreement for all CAM–51Cr, CFSE–51Cr, DiO–51Cr and MTG–51Cr pairs analyzed. Based on the data, none of the four proposed methods can be stated equivalent to the standard 51Cr release assay. Considering linear relationships between data obtained with four fluorochromes and 51Cr release assay as well as linear regression analysis with R2=0.9393 value for CAM–51Cr pair, we found the CAM assay to be the most closely related to the 51Cr assay.

  • 34.
    Christoffersson, Jonas
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Biotechnology. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Meier, Florian
    Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH and Co. KG, Nonclinical Drug Safety Germany, D-88397 Biberach an der Riss, Germany.
    Kempf, Henning
    Leibniz Research Laboratories for Biotechnology and Artificial Organs (LEBAO), Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany.
    Schwanke, Kristin
    Leibniz Research Laboratories for Biotechnology and Artificial Organs (LEBAO), Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany.
    Coffee, Michelle
    Leibniz Research Laboratories for Biotechnology and Artificial Organs (LEBAO), Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany.
    Beilmann, Mario
    Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH and Co. KG, Nonclinical Drug Safety Germany, D-88397 Biberach an der Riss, Germany.
    Zweigerdt, Robert
    Leibniz Research Laboratories for Biotechnology and Artificial Organs (LEBAO), Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany.
    Mandenius, Carl-Fredrik
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Biotechnology. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    A Cardiac Cell Outgrowth Assay for Evaluating Drug Compounds Using a Cardiac Spheroid-on-a-Chip Device2018In: Bioengineering, E-ISSN 2306-5354, Vol. 5, no 2, p. 1-13, article id 36Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Three-dimensional (3D) models with cells arranged in clusters or spheroids have emerged as valuable tools to improve physiological relevance in drug screening. One of the challenges with cells cultured in 3D, especially for high-throughput applications, is to quickly and non-invasively assess the cellular state in vitro. In this article, we show that the number of cells growing out from human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC)-derived cardiac spheroids can be quantified to serve as an indicator of a drug&rsquo;s effect on spheroids captured in a microfluidic device. Combining this spheroid-on-a-chip with confocal high content imaging reveals easily accessible, quantitative outgrowth data. We found that effects on outgrowing cell numbers correlate to the concentrations of relevant pharmacological compounds and could thus serve as a practical readout to monitor drug effects. Here, we demonstrate the potential of this semi-high-throughput &ldquo;cardiac cell outgrowth assay&rdquo; with six compounds at three concentrations applied to spheroids for 48 h. The image-based readout complements end-point assays or may be used as a non-invasive assay for quality control during long-term culture.

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  • 35.
    Cornet, Ronald
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Division of Biomedical Engineering. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering. Univ Amsterdam, Netherlands.
    Hill, Carly
    Univ Amsterdam, Netherlands.
    de Keizer, Nicolette
    Univ Amsterdam, Netherlands.
    Comparison of Three English-to-Dutch Machine Translations of SNOMED CT Procedures2017In: MEDINFO 2017: PRECISION HEALTHCARE THROUGH INFORMATICS, IOS PRESS , 2017, Vol. 245, p. 848-852Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Dutch interface terminologies are needed to use SNOMED CT in the Netherlands. Machine translation may support in their creation. The aim of our study is to compare different machine translations of procedures in SNOMED CT. Procedures were translated using Google Translate, Matecat, and Thot. Google Translate and Matecat are tools with large but general translation memories. The translation memory of Thot was trained and tuned with various configurations of a Dutch translation of parts of SNOMED CT, a medical dictionary and parts of the UMLS Metathesaurus. The configuration with the highest BLEU score, representing closeness to human translation, was selected. Similarity was determined between Thot translations and those by Google and Matecat. The validity of translations was assessed through random samples. Google and Matecat translated similarly in 85.4% of the cases and generally better than Thot. Whereas the quality of translations was considered acceptable, machine translations alone are yet insufficient.

  • 36. Order onlineBuy this publication >>
    Cros, Olivier
    Linköping University, Department of Biomedical Engineering. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Structural properties of the mastoid using image analysis and visualization2017Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    The mastoid, located in the temporal bone, houses an air cell system whose cells have a variation in size that can go far below current conventional clinical CT scanner resolution. Therefore, the mastoid air cell system is only partially represented in a CT scan. Where the conventional clinical CT scanner lacks level of minute details, micro-CT scanning provides an overwhelming amount of ne details. The temporal bone being one of the most complex in the human body, visualization of micro-CT scanning of this boneawakens the curiosity of the experimenter, especially with the correct visualization settings.

    This thesis first presents a statistical analysis determining the surface area to volume ratio of the mastoid air cell system of human temporal bone, from micro-CT scanning using methods previously applied for conventional clinical CT scans. The study compared current results with previous studies, with successive downsampling the data down to a resolution found in conventional clinical CT scanning. The results from the statistical analysis showed that all the small mastoid air cells, that cannot be detected in conventional clinical CT scans, do heavily contribute to the estimation of the surface area, and in consequence to the estimation of the surface area to volume ratio by a factor of about 2.6. Such a result further strengthens the idea of the mastoid to play an active role in pressure regulation and gas exchange.

    Discovery of micro-channels through specific use of a non-traditional transfer function was then reported, where a qualitative and a quantitative pre-analysis were performed and reported. To gain more knowledge about these micro-channels, a local structure tensor analysis was applied where structures are described in terms of planar, tubular, or isotropic structures. The results from this structural tensor analysis suggest these microchannels to potentially be part of a more complex framework, which hypothetically would provide a separate blood supply for the mucosa lining the mastoid air cell system.

    The knowledge gained from analysing the micro-channels as locally providing blood to the mucosa, led to the consideration of how inflammation of the mucosa could impact the pneumatization of the mastoid air cell system. Though very primitive, a 3D shape analysis of the mastoid air cell system was carried out. The mastoid air cell system was first represented in a compact form through a medial axis, from which medial balls could be used. The medial balls, representative of how large the mastoid air cells can be locally, were used in two complementary clustering methods, one based on the size diameter of the medial balls and one based on their location within the mastoid air cell system. From both quantitative and qualitative statistics, it was possible to map the clusters based on pre-defined regions already described in the literature, which opened the door for new hypotheses concerning the effect of mucosal inflammation on the mastoid pneumatization.

    Last but not least, discovery of other structures, previously unreported in the literature, were also visually observed and briefly discussed in this thesis. Further analysis of these unknown structures is needed.

    List of papers
    1. Determination of the mastoid surface area and volume based on micro-CT scanning of human temporal bone: Geometrical parameters dependence on scanning resolutions
    Open this publication in new window or tab >>Determination of the mastoid surface area and volume based on micro-CT scanning of human temporal bone: Geometrical parameters dependence on scanning resolutions
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    2016 (English)In: Hearing Research, ISSN 0378-5955, E-ISSN 1878-5891, Vol. 340, p. 127-134Article in journal (Refereed) Published
    Abstract [en]

    The mastoid air cell system (MACS) with its large complex of interconnected air cells reflects an enhanced surface area (SA) relative to its volume (V), which may indicate that the MACS is adapted to gas exchange and has a potential role in middle ear pressure regulation. Thus, these geometric parameters of the MACS have been studied by high resolution clinical CT scanning. However, the resolution of these scans is limited to a voxel size of around 0.6 mm in all dimensions, and so, the geometrical parameters are also limited. Small air cells may appear below the resolution and cannot be detected. Such air cells may contribute to a much higher SA than the V, and thus, also the SA/V ratio. More accurate parameters are important for analysis of the function of the MACS including physiological modeling.

    Our aim was to determine the SA, V, and SA/V ratio in MACS in human temporal bones at highest resolution by using micro-CT-scanning. Further, the influence of the resolution on these parameters was investigated by downsampling the data. Eight normally aerated temporal bones were scanned at the highest possible resolution (30-60 μm). The SA was determined using a triangular mesh fitted onto the segmented MACS. The V was determined by summing all the voxels containing air. Downsampling of the original data was applied four times by a factor of 2.

    The mean SA was 194 cm2, the mean V was 9 cm3, and the mean SA/V amounted to 22 cm-1. Decreasing the resolution resulted in a non-linear decrement of SA and SA/V, whereas V was mainly independent of the resolution.

    The current study found significantly higher SA and SA/V compared with previous studies using clinical CT scanning at lower resolutions. These findings indicate a separate role of the MACS compared with the tympanum, and the results are important for a more accurate modeling of the middle ear physiology.

    Keywords
    Mastoid air cells; medical imaging; micro-CT; surface area; volume
    National Category
    Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Medical Imaging
    Identifiers
    urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-122176 (URN)10.1016/j.heares.2015.12.005 (DOI)000386417900016 ()
    Available from: 2015-10-23 Created: 2015-10-23 Last updated: 2019-12-02Bibliographically approved
    2. Micro-channels in the mastoid anatomy. Indications of a separate blood supply of the air cell system mucosa by micro-CT scanning
    Open this publication in new window or tab >>Micro-channels in the mastoid anatomy. Indications of a separate blood supply of the air cell system mucosa by micro-CT scanning
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    2013 (English)In: Hearing Research, ISSN 0378-5955, E-ISSN 1878-5891, Vol. 301, p. 60-65Article in journal (Refereed) Published
    Abstract [en]

    The mastoid air cell system has traditionally been considered to have a passive role in gas exchange and pressure regulation of the middle ear possibly with some acoustic function. However, more evidence has focused on the mucosa of the mastoid, which may play a more active role in regulation of middle ear pressure.

    In this study we have applied micro-CT scanning on a series of three human temporal bones. This approach greatly enhances the resolution (40–60 μm), so that we have discovered anatomical details, which has not been reported earlier. Thus, qualitative analysis using volume rendering has demonstrated notable micro-channels connecting the surface of the compact bone directly to the mastoid air cells as well as forming a network of connections between the air cells. Quantitative analysis on 2D slices was employed to determine the average diameter of these micro-channels (158 μm; range = 40–440 μm) as well as their density at a localized area (average = 75 cm−2; range = 64–97 cm−2).

    These channels are hypothesized to contain a separate vascular supply for the mastoid mucosa. However, future studies of the histological structure of the micro-channels are warranted to confirm the hypothesis. Studies on the mastoid mucosa and its blood supply may improve our knowledge of its physiological properties, which may have important implications for our understanding of the pressure regulation of the middle ear.

    Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
    Elsevier, 2013
    Keywords
    mastoid, micro CT, middle ear
    National Category
    Otorhinolaryngology Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Medical Imaging Medical Image Processing
    Identifiers
    urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-92813 (URN)10.1016/j.heares.2013.03.002 (DOI)000320478100009 ()23518400 (PubMedID)
    Available from: 2013-05-22 Created: 2013-05-22 Last updated: 2017-12-06Bibliographically approved
    3. Structural Analysis of Micro-channels in Human Temporal Bone
    Open this publication in new window or tab >>Structural Analysis of Micro-channels in Human Temporal Bone
    2015 (English)In: IEEE 12th International Symposium on Biomedical Imaging (ISBI), 2015 IEEE 12th International Symposium on, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE), 2015, p. 9-12Conference paper, Published paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Recently, numerous micro-channels have been discovered in the human temporal bone by micro-CT-scanning. Preliminary structure of these channels has suggested they contain a new separate blood supply for the mucosa of the mastoid air cells, which may have important functional implications. This paper proposes a structural analysis of the microchannels to corroborate this role. A local structure tensor is first estimated. The eigenvalues obtained from the estimated local structure tensor were then used to build probability maps representing planar, tubular, and isotropic tensor types. Each tensor type was assigned a respective RGB color and the full structure tensor was rendered along with the original data. Such structural analysis provides new and relevant information about the micro-channels but also their connections to mastoid air cells. Before carrying a future statistical analysis, a more accurate representation of the micro-channels in terms of local structure tensor analysis using adaptive filtering is needed.

    Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
    Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE), 2015
    Series
    IEEE International Symposium on Biomedical Imaging, ISSN 1945-7928
    Keywords
    Human temporal bone, mastoid, microchannels, quadrature filters, structure tensor, visualization
    National Category
    Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Medical Imaging
    Identifiers
    urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-122177 (URN)10.1109/ISBI.2015.7163804 (DOI)000380546000003 ()978-1-4799-2374-8 (ISBN)
    Conference
    IEEE 12th International Symposium on Biomedical Imaging (ISBI), 2015 IEEE 12th International Symposium on, 16-19 April, New York, USA
    Available from: 2015-10-23 Created: 2015-10-23 Last updated: 2017-05-10Bibliographically approved
    4. Enhancement of micro-channels within the human mastoid bone based on local structure tensor analysis
    Open this publication in new window or tab >>Enhancement of micro-channels within the human mastoid bone based on local structure tensor analysis
    2016 (English)In: Image Proceessing Theory, Tools and Apllications, IEEE, 2016Conference paper, Published paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Numerous micro-channels have recently been discovered in the human temporal bone by x-ray micro-CT-scanning. After a preliminary study suggesting that these micro-channels form a separate blood supply for the mucosa of the mastoid air cells, a structural analysis of the micro-channels using a local structure tensor was carried out. Despite the high-resolution of the micro-CT scan, presence of noise within the air cells along with missing information in some micro-channels suggested the need of image enhancement. This paper proposes an adaptive enhancement of the micro-channels based on a local structure analysis while minimizing the impact of noise on the overall data. Comparison with an anisotropic diffusion PDE based scheme was also performed.

    Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
    IEEE, 2016
    Series
    International Conference on Image Processing Theory Tools and Applications (IPTA), E-ISSN 2154-512X
    Keywords
    Micro-channels, Structure tensor analysis, Image enhancement, Adaptive filtering, Human temporal bone, Mastoid bone
    National Category
    Medical Engineering
    Identifiers
    urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-134434 (URN)10.1109/IPTA.2016.7821019 (DOI)000393589800071 ()9781467389105 (ISBN)9781467389112 (ISBN)
    Conference
    6th International Conference on Image Processing Theory Tools and Applications (IPTA), Oulu, Finland, 12-15 December 2016
    Note

    Funding agencies: Obel Family Foundation (Denmark)

    Available from: 2017-02-13 Created: 2017-02-13 Last updated: 2017-06-21
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  • 37.
    Dahlqvist Leinhard, Olof
    et al.
    Linköping University, Center for Medical Image Science and Visualization (CMIV). Linköping University, Department of Medical and Health Sciences. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Johansson, Andreas
    Linköping University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Medical Informatics. Linköping University, The Institute of Technology.
    Rydell, Joakim
    Linköping University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Medical Informatics. Linköping University, The Institute of Technology. Linköping University, Center for Medical Image Science and Visualization (CMIV).
    Kihlberg, Johan
    Linköping University, Center for Medical Image Science and Visualization (CMIV). Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Linköping University, Department of Medical and Health Sciences. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Center for Diagnostics, Department of Radiology in Linköping.
    Smedby, Örjan
    Linköping University, Center for Medical Image Science and Visualization (CMIV). Linköping University, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Radiology. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Centre for Medical Imaging, Department of Radiology in Linköping.
    Nyström, Fredrik H.
    Linköping University, Center for Medical Image Science and Visualization (CMIV). Linköping University, Department of Medical and Health Sciences. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Lundberg, Peter
    Linköping University, Center for Medical Image Science and Visualization (CMIV). Linköping University, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Radiology. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Centre for Medical Imaging, Department of Radiology in Linköping.
    Borga, Magnus
    Linköping University, Center for Medical Image Science and Visualization (CMIV). Linköping University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Medical Informatics. Linköping University, The Institute of Technology.
    Quantification of abdominal fat accumulation during hyperalimentation using MRI2009In: Proceedings of the ISMRM Annual Meeting (ISMRM'09), 2009, Berkeley, CA, USA: International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine , 2009, p. 206-Conference paper (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    There is an increasing demand for imaging methods that can be used for automatic, accurate and quantitative determination of the amounts of abdominal fat. Such methods are important as they will allow the evaluation of some of the risk factors underlying the ’metabolic syndrome’. The metabolic syndrome is becoming common in large parts of the world, and it appears that a dominant risk factor for developing this syndrome is abdominal obesity. Subjects that are afflicted with the metabolic syndrome are exposed to a high risk for developing a large range of diseases such as type 2 diabetes, cardiac failure, and stroke. The aim of this work

    Download full text (pdf)
    Quantification of abdonimal fat accumulation during hyperalimentation using MRI
  • 38.
    D'Arcy, Padraig
    et al.
    Department of Oncology and Pathology, Karolinska Institute, SE-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden.
    Wang, Xin
    Linköping University, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Division of Drug Research. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Department of Oncology and Pathology, Karolinska Institute, SE-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden.
    Linder, Stig
    Linköping University, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Division of Drug Research. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Department of Oncology and Pathology, Karolinska Institute, SE-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden.
    Deubiquitinase inhibition as a cancer therapeutic strategy2015In: Pharmacology and Therapeutics, ISSN 0163-7258, E-ISSN 1879-016X, Vol. 147, p. 32-54Article, review/survey (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The ubiquitin proteasome system (UPS) is the main system for controlled protein degradation and a key regulator of fundamental cellular processes. The dependency of cancer cells on a functioning UPS has made this an attractive target for development of drugs that show selectivity for tumor cells. Deubiquitinases (DUBs, ubiquitin isopeptidases) are components of the UPS that catalyze the removal of ubiquitin moieties from target proteins or polyubiquitin chains, resulting in altered signaling or changes in protein stability. A number of DUBs regulate processes associated with cell proliferation and apoptosis, and as such represent candidate targets for cancer therapeutics. The majority of DUBs are cysteine proteases and are likely to be more "druggable" than E3 ligases. Cysteine residues in the active sites of DUBs are expected to be reactive to various electrophiles. Various compounds containing α,β-unsaturated ketones have indeed been demonstrated to inhibit cellular DUB activity. Inhibition of proteasomal cysteine DUB enzymes (i.e. USP14 and UCHL5) can be predicted to be particularly cytotoxic to cancer cells as it leads to blocking of proteasome function and accumulation of proteasomal substrates. We here provide an overall review of DUBs relevant to cancer and of various small molecules which have been demonstrated to inhibit DUB activity.

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    fulltext
  • 39.
    Deng, Dapeng
    et al.
    Chongqing Univ, Peoples R China.
    Chen, Zhengchuan
    Chongqing Univ, Peoples R China; Southeast Univ, Peoples R China.
    Yang, Howard H.
    Zhejiang Univ, Peoples R China.
    Pappas, Nikolaos
    Linköping University, Department of Computer and Information Science, Database and information techniques. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Hu, Limei
    Chongqing Univ, Peoples R China.
    Wang, Min
    Chongqing Univ Posts & Telecommun, Peoples R China.
    Jia, Yunjian
    Chongqing Univ, Peoples R China.
    Quek, Tony Q. S.
    Singapore Univ Technol & Design, Singapore.
    Information Freshness in A Dual Monitoring System2022In: 2022 IEEE GLOBAL COMMUNICATIONS CONFERENCE (GLOBECOM 2022), IEEE , 2022, p. 4977-4982Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    We study the average age of information (AoI) and peak AoI (PAoI) of a dual-queue status update system that monitors a common stochastic process. We capture the state transition characteristics of the considered system by establishing a Markov chain. Using the state flow graph analysis method, we derive closed-form expressions of the average peak age of information (PAoI) and the average age of information (AoI) for the dual-queue update system. The numerical results show that compared with the single-queue update system, the average PAoI of the dual-queue update system is reduced by 33.5% and the average AoI dropped by 37.5%.

  • 40.
    Donahue, Mary
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Science and Technology, Laboratory of Organic Electronics. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Silverå Ejneby, Malin
    Linköping University, Department of Science and Technology, Laboratory of Organic Electronics. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Jakesova, Marie
    Brno Univ Technol, Czech Republic.
    Caravaca, April S.
    Karolinska Inst, Sweden; Karolinska Univ Hosp, Sweden.
    Andersson, Gabriel
    KTH, Sweden.
    Sahalianov, Ihor
    Brno Univ Technol, Czech Republic.
    Derek, Vedran
    Univ Zagreb, Croatia.
    Hult, Henrik
    Karolinska Univ Hosp, Sweden; KTH, Sweden.
    Olofsson, Peder S.
    Karolinska Inst, Sweden; Karolinska Univ Hosp, Sweden; Feinstein Inst Med Res, NY USA.
    Glowacki, Eric
    Linköping University, Department of Science and Technology, Laboratory of Organic Electronics. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering. Brno Univ Technol, Czech Republic.
    Wireless optoelectronic devices for vagus nerve stimulation in mice2022In: Journal of Neural Engineering, ISSN 1741-2560, E-ISSN 1741-2552, Vol. 19, no 6, article id 066031Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Objective. Vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) is a promising approach for the treatment of a wide variety of debilitating conditions, including autoimmune diseases and intractable epilepsy. Much remains to be learned about the molecular mechanisms involved in vagus nerve regulation of organ function. Despite an abundance of well-characterized rodent models of common chronic diseases, currently available technologies are rarely suitable for the required long-term experiments in freely moving animals, particularly experimental mice. Due to challenging anatomical limitations, many relevant experiments require miniaturized, less invasive, and wireless devices for precise stimulation of the vagus nerve and other peripheral nerves of interest. Our objective is to outline possible solutions to this problem by using nongenetic light-based stimulation. Approach. We describe how to design and benchmark new microstimulation devices that are based on transcutaneous photovoltaic stimulation. The approach is to use wired multielectrode cuffs to test different stimulation patterns, and then build photovoltaic stimulators to generate the most optimal patterns. We validate stimulation through heart rate analysis. Main results. A range of different stimulation geometries are explored with large differences in performance. Two types of photovoltaic devices are fabricated to deliver stimulation: photocapacitors and photovoltaic flags. The former is simple and more compact, but has limited efficiency. The photovoltaic flag approach is more elaborate, but highly efficient. Both can be used for wireless actuation of the vagus nerve using light impulses. Significance. These approaches can enable studies in small animals that were previously challenging, such as long-term in vivo studies for mapping functional vagus nerve innervation. This new knowledge may have potential to support clinical translation of VNS for treatment of select inflammatory and neurologic diseases.

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  • 41. Order onlineBuy this publication >>
    Dyverfeldt, Petter
    Linköping University, Center for Medical Image Science and Visualization (CMIV). Linköping University, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Clinical Physiology. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Applied Thermodynamics and Fluid Mechanics. Linköping University, The Institute of Technology.
    Extending MRI to the Quantification of Turbulence Intensity2010Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    In cardiovascular medicine, the assessment of blood flow is fundamental to the understanding and detection of disease. Many pharmaceutical, interventional, and surgical treatments impact the flow. The primary purpose of the cardiovascular system is to drive, control and maintain blood flow to all parts of the body. In the normal cardiovascular system, fluid transport is maintained at high efficiency and the blood flow is essentially laminar. Disturbed and turbulent blood flow, on the other hand, appears to be present in many cardiovascular diseases and may contribute to their initiation and progression. Despite strong indications of an important interrelationship between flow and cardiovascular disease, medical imaging has lacked a non-invasive tool for the in vivo assessment of disturbed and turbulent flow. As a result, the extent and role of turbulence in the blood flow of humans have not yet been fully investigated.

    Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a versatile tool for the non-invasive assessment of flow and has several important clinical and research applications, but might not yet have reached its full potential. Conventional MRI techniques for the assessment of flow are based on measurements of the mean velocity within an image voxel. The mean velocity corresponds to the first raw moment of the distribution of velocities within a voxel. An MRI framework for the quantification of any moment (mean, standard deviation, skew, etc.) of arbitrary velocity distributions is presented in this thesis.

    Disturbed and turbulent flows are characterized by velocity fluctuations that are superimposed on the mean velocity. The intensity of these velocity fluctuations can be quantified by their standard deviation, which is a commonly used measure of turbulence intensity. This thesis focuses on the development of a novel MRI method for the quantification of turbulence intensity. This method is mathematically derived and experimentally validated. Limitations and sources of error are investigated and guidelines for adequate application of MRI measurements of turbulence intensity are outlined. Furthermore, the method is adapted to the quantification of turbulence intensity in the pulsatile blood flow of humans and applied to a wide range of cardiovascular diseases. In these applications, elevated turbulence intensity was consistently detected in regions where highly disturbed flow was anticipated, and the effects of potential sources of errors were small.

    Diseased heart valves are often replaced with prosthetic heart valves, which, in spite of improved benefits and durability, continue to fall short of matching native flow patterns. In an in vitro setting, MRI was used to visualize and quantify turbulence intensity in the flow downstream from four common designs of prosthetic heart valves. Marked differences in the extent and degree of turbulence intensity were detected between the different valves.

    Mitral valve regurgitation is a common valve lesion associated with progressive left atrial and left ventricular remodelling, which may often require surgical correction to avoid irreversible ventricular dysfunction. The spatiotemporal dynamics of flow disturbances in mitral regurgitation were assessed based on measurements of flow patterns and turbulence intensity in a group of patients with significant regurgitation arising from similar valve lesions. Peak turbulence intensity occurred at the same time in all patients and the total turbulence intensity in the left atrium appeared closely related to the severity of regurgitation.

    MRI quantification of turbulence intensity has the potential to become a valuable tool in investigating the extent, timing and role of disturbed blood flow in the human cardiovascular system, as well as in the assessment of the effects of different therapeutic options in patients with vascular or valvular disorders.

    List of papers
    1. Quantification of intravoxel velocity standard deviation and turbulence intensity by generalizing phase-contrast MRI
    Open this publication in new window or tab >>Quantification of intravoxel velocity standard deviation and turbulence intensity by generalizing phase-contrast MRI
    2006 (English)In: Magnetic Resonance in Medicine, ISSN 0740-3194, E-ISSN 1522-2594, Vol. 56, no 4, p. 850-858Article in journal (Refereed) Published
    Abstract [en]

    Turbulent flow, characterized by velocity fluctuations, is a contributing factor to the pathogenesis of several cardiovascular diseases. A clinical noninvasive tool for assessing turbulence is lacking, however. It is well known that the occurrence of multiple spin velocities within a voxel during the influence of a magnetic gradient moment causes signal loss in phase-contrast magnetic resonance imaging (PC-MRI). In this paper a mathematical derivation of an expression for computing the standard deviation (SD) of the blood flow velocity distribution within a voxel is presented. The SD is obtained from the magnitude of PC-MRI signals acquired with different first gradient moments. By exploiting the relation between the SD and turbulence intensity (TI), this method allows for quantitative studies of turbulence. For validation, the TI in an in vitro flow phantom was quantified, and the results compared favorably with previously published laser Doppler anemometry (LDA) results. This method has the potential to become an important tool for the noninvasive assessment of turbulence in the arterial tree.

    Keywords
    phase-contrast magnetic resonance imaging, turbulent flow, intravoxel velocity distribution, turbulence intensity, atherosclerosis
    National Category
    Medical and Health Sciences Physiology Fluid Mechanics and Acoustics Medical Laboratory and Measurements Technologies
    Identifiers
    urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-37249 (URN)10.1002/mrm.21022 (DOI)000240897000017 ()34073 (Local ID)34073 (Archive number)34073 (OAI)
    Available from: 2009-10-10 Created: 2009-10-10 Last updated: 2018-01-13
    2. On MRI turbulence quantification
    Open this publication in new window or tab >>On MRI turbulence quantification
    Show others...
    2009 (English)In: Magnetic Resonance Imaging, ISSN 0730-725X, E-ISSN 1873-5894, Vol. 27, no 7, p. 913-922Article in journal (Refereed) Published
    Abstract [en]

    Turbulent flow, characterized by velocity fluctuations, accompanies many forms of cardiovascular disease and may contribute to their progression and hemodynamic consequences. Several studies have investigated the effects of turbulence on the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) signal. Quantitative MRI turbulence measurements have recently been shown to have great potential for application both in human cardiovascular flow and in engineering flow. In this article, potential pitfalls and sources of error in MRI turbulence measurements are theoretically and numerically investigated. Data acquisition strategies suitable for turbulence quantification are outlined. The results show that the sensitivity of MRI turbulence measurements to intravoxel mean velocity variations is negligible, but that noise may degrade the estimates if the turbulence encoding parameter is set improperly. Different approaches for utilizing a given amount of scan time were shown to influence the dynamic range and the uncertainty in the turbulence estimates due to noise. The findings reported in this work may be valuable for both in vitro and in vivo studies employing MRI methods for turbulence quantification.

    Keywords
    Turbulence quantification, Turbulent flow, Phase-contrast magnetic resonance imaging, Constriction, Numerical flow phantom
    National Category
    Medical and Health Sciences
    Identifiers
    urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-20746 (URN)10.1016/j.mri.2009.05.004 (DOI)000269613000004 ()
    Note

    Original Publication: Petter Dyverfeldt, Roland Gårdhagen, Andreas Sigfridsson, Matts Karlsson and Tino Ebbers, On MRI turbulence quantification, 2009, MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING, (27), 7, 913-922. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mri.2009.05.004 Copyright: Elsevier Science B.V., Amsterdam. http://www.elsevier.com/

    Available from: 2009-09-18 Created: 2009-09-18 Last updated: 2017-12-13
    3. Assessment of fluctuating velocities in disturbed cardiovascular blood flow: in vivo feasibility of generalized phase-contrast MRI
    Open this publication in new window or tab >>Assessment of fluctuating velocities in disturbed cardiovascular blood flow: in vivo feasibility of generalized phase-contrast MRI
    Show others...
    2008 (English)In: Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, ISSN 1053-1807, E-ISSN 1522-2586, Vol. 28, no 3, p. 655-663Article in journal (Refereed) Published
    Abstract [en]

    Purpose

    To evaluate the feasibility of generalized phase-contrast magnetic resonance imaging (PC-MRI) for the noninvasive assessment of fluctuating velocities in cardiovascular blood flow.

    Materials and Methods

    Multidimensional PC-MRI was used in a generalized manner to map mean flow velocities and intravoxel velocity standard deviation (IVSD) values in one healthy aorta and in three patients with different cardiovascular diseases. The acquired data were used to assess the kinetic energy of both the mean (MKE) and the fluctuating (TKE) velocity field.

    Results

    In all of the subjects, both mean and fluctuating flow data were successfully acquired. The highest TKE values in the patients were found at sites characterized by abnormal flow conditions. No regional increase in TKE was found in the normal aorta.

    Conclusion

    PC-MRI IVSD mapping is able to detect flow abnormalities in a variety of human cardiovascular conditions and shows promise for the quantitative assessment of turbulence. This approach may assist in clarifying the role of disturbed hemodynamics in cardiovascular diseases.

    National Category
    Medical and Health Sciences
    Identifiers
    urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-43135 (URN)10.1002/jmri.21475 (DOI)000259106900013 ()71980 (Local ID)71980 (Archive number)71980 (OAI)
    Available from: 2009-10-10 Created: 2009-10-10 Last updated: 2021-12-28
    4. In Vitro Assessment of Flow Patterns and Turbulence Intensity in Prosthetic Heart Valves Using Generalized Phase-Contrast Magnetic Resonance Imaging
    Open this publication in new window or tab >>In Vitro Assessment of Flow Patterns and Turbulence Intensity in Prosthetic Heart Valves Using Generalized Phase-Contrast Magnetic Resonance Imaging
    Show others...
    (English)Manuscript (preprint) (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    Purpose: To assess in vitro the three-dimensional mean velocity field and the extent and degree of turbulenceintensity in different prosthetic heart valves using a generalization of phase-contrast magnetic resonance imaging(PC-MRI).

    Material and Methods: Four 27 mm aortic valves (Björk-Shiley Monostrut tilting-disc, St. Jude MedicalStandard bileaflet, Medtronic Mosaic stented and Freestyle stentless porcine valve) were tested under steadyinflow conditions in a Plexiglas phantom. Three-dimensional PC-MRI data were acquired to measure the meanvelocity field and the turbulent kinetic energy (TKE), a direction-independent measure of turbulence intensity.

    Results: Velocity and turbulence intensity estimates could be obtained up and downstream of the valves, exceptwhere metallic structure in the valves caused signal void. Distinct differences in the location, extent and peakvalues of velocity and turbulence intensity were observed between the valves tested. The maximum values ofTKE varied between the different valves: tilting disc, 100 J/m3; bileaflet, 115 J/m3; stented, 200 J/m3; stentless,145 J/m3.

    Conclusion: The turbulence intensity downstream from a prosthetic heart valve is dependent on the specificvalve design. Generalized PC-MRI can be used to quantify velocity and turbulence intensity downstream fromprosthetic heart valves, which may allow assessment of these aspects of prosthetic valvular function inpostoperative patients.

    Keywords
    Turbulence intensity, prosthetic heart valves, phase-contrast magnetic resonance imaging
    National Category
    Medical and Health Sciences
    Identifiers
    urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-53189 (URN)
    Available from: 2010-01-19 Created: 2010-01-19 Last updated: 2013-09-03Bibliographically approved
    5. Hemodynamic aspects of mitral regurgitation assessed by generalized phase-contrast MRI
    Open this publication in new window or tab >>Hemodynamic aspects of mitral regurgitation assessed by generalized phase-contrast MRI
    Show others...
    2011 (English)In: Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, ISSN 1053-1807, E-ISSN 1522-2586, Vol. 33, no 3, p. 582-588Article in journal (Refereed) Published
    Abstract [en]

    Purpose: Mitral regurgitation creates a high velocity jet into the left atrium (LA), contributing both volume andpressure; we hypothesized that the severity of regurgitation would be reflected in the degree of LA flowdistortion.

    Material and Methods: Three-dimensional cine PC-MRI was applied to determine LA flow patterns andturbulent kinetic energy (TKE) in seven subjects (five patients with posterior mitral leaflet prolapse, two normalsubjects). In addition, the regurgitant volume and the time-velocity profiles in the pulmonary veins weremeasured.

    Results: The LA flow in the mitral regurgitation patients was highly disturbed with elevated values of TKE.Peak TKE occurred consistently at late systole. The total LA TKE was closely related to the regurgitant volume.LA flow patterns were characterized by a pronounced vortex in proximity to the regurgitant jet. In some patients,pronounced discordances were observed between individual pulmonary venous inflows, but these could not berelated to the direction of the flow jet or parameters describing global LA hemodynamics.

    Conclusion: PC-MRI permits investigations of atrial and pulmonary vein flow patterns and TKE in significantmitral regurgitation, reflecting the impact of the highly disturbed blood flow that accompanies this importantvalve disease.

    Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
    John Wiley and Sons, 2011
    Keywords
    Hemodynamics, mitral valve insufficiency, turbulent flow, phase-contrast magnetic resonance imaging, pulmonary veins, blood flow velocity
    National Category
    Medical and Health Sciences
    Identifiers
    urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-53190 (URN)10.1002/jmri.22407 (DOI)000287951100009 ()
    Available from: 2010-01-19 Created: 2010-01-19 Last updated: 2021-12-28
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    Extending MRI to the Quantification of Turbulence Intensity
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  • 42.
    Dyverfeldt, Petter
    et al.
    Linköping University, Center for Medical Image Science and Visualization, CMIV. Linköping University, The Institute of Technology. Linköping University, Department of Medicine and Health Sciences, Clinical Physiology . Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Heart Centre, Department of Clinical Physiology.
    Escobar Kvitting, John Peder
    Linköping University, Center for Medical Image Science and Visualization, CMIV. Linköping University, The Institute of Technology. Linköping University, Department of Medicine and Health Sciences, Physiology . Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Heart Centre, Department of Thoracic and Vascular Surgery.
    Boano, G.
    Östergötlands Läns Landsting.
    Carlhäll, Carljohan
    Linköping University, Center for Medical Image Science and Visualization, CMIV. Linköping University, The Institute of Technology. Linköping University, Department of Medicine and Health Sciences, Clinical Physiology . Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Heart Centre, Department of Clinical Physiology.
    Sigfridsson, Andreas
    Linköping University, Center for Medical Image Science and Visualization, CMIV. Linköping University, The Institute of Technology. Linköping University, Department of Medicine and Health Sciences, Clinical Physiology . Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Heart Centre, Department of Clinical Physiology.
    Hermansson, Ulf
    Linköping University, Department of Medicine and Health Sciences, Thoracic Surgery. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Heart Centre, Department of Thoracic and Vascular Surgery.
    Bolger, A.F.
    University of California, San Fransisco, San Franisco, California, United States.
    Engvall, Jan
    Linköping University, Center for Medical Image Science and Visualization, CMIV. Linköping University, The Institute of Technology. Linköping University, Department of Medicine and Health Sciences, Clinical Physiology . Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Heart Centre, Department of Clinical Physiology.
    Ebbers, Tino
    Linköping University, Center for Medical Image Science and Visualization, CMIV. Linköping University, The Institute of Technology. Linköping University, Department of Medicine and Health Sciences, Clinical Physiology . Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Heart Centre, Department of Clinical Physiology.
    Turbulence Mapping Extends the Utility of Phase-Contrast MRI in Mitral Valve Regurgitation2009In: Proc. Intl. Soc. Mag. Reson. Med., 2009, p. 3939-Conference paper (Refereed)
    Download full text (pdf)
    Turbulence Mapping Extends the Utility of Phase-Contrast MRI in Mitral Valve Regurgitation
  • 43.
    Dyverfeldt, Petter
    et al.
    Linköping University, Center for Medical Image Science and Visualization, CMIV. Linköping University, Department of Medicine and Health Sciences, Clinical Physiology . Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Heart Centre, Department of Clinical Physiology.
    Escobar Kvitting, John-Peder
    Linköping University, Center for Medical Image Science and Visualization, CMIV. Linköping University, Department of Medicine and Health Sciences, Physiology . Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Heart Centre, Department of Thoracic and Vascular Surgery.
    Sigfridsson, Andreas
    Linköping University, Center for Medical Image Science and Visualization, CMIV. Linköping University, Department of Medicine and Health Sciences, Clinical Physiology . Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Heart Centre, Department of Clinical Physiology.
    Franzén, Stefan
    Linköping University, Department of Medicine and Health Sciences, Thoracic Surgery. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Heart Centre, Department of Thoracic and Vascular Surgery.
    Bolger, Ann F.
    University of California San Fransisco, San Fransisco, California, United States.
    Ebbers, Tino
    Linköping University, Center for Medical Image Science and Visualization, CMIV. Linköping University, Department of Medicine and Health Sciences, Clinical Physiology . Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Heart Centre, Department of Clinical Physiology.
    In-Vitro Turbulence Mapping in Prosthetic Heart Valves using Generalized Phase-Contrast MRI2009In: Proc. Intl. Soc. Mag. Reson. Med., 2009, p. 3941-Conference paper (Refereed)
    Download full text (pdf)
    In-Vitro Turbulence Mapping in Prosthetic Heart Valves using Generalized Phase-Contrast MRI
  • 44.
    Dyverfeldt, Petter
    et al.
    Linköping University, Center for Medical Image Science and Visualization, CMIV. Linköping University, The Institute of Technology. Linköping University, Department of Medicine and Health Sciences, Clinical Physiology . Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Heart Centre, Department of Clinical Physiology.
    Gårdhagen, Roland
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Applied Thermodynamics and Fluid Mechanics . Linköping University, Center for Medical Image Science and Visualization, CMIV. Linköping University, The Institute of Technology.
    Sigfridsson, Andreas
    Linköping University, Center for Medical Image Science and Visualization, CMIV. Linköping University, The Institute of Technology. Linköping University, Department of Medicine and Health Sciences, Clinical Physiology . Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Heart Centre, Department of Clinical Physiology.
    Karlsson, Matts
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Applied Thermodynamics and Fluid Mechanics . Linköping University, Center for Medical Image Science and Visualization, CMIV. Linköping University, The Institute of Technology.
    Ebbers, Tinno
    Linköping University, Center for Medical Image Science and Visualization, CMIV. Linköping University, The Institute of Technology. Linköping University, Department of Medicine and Health Sciences, Clinical Physiology . Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Heart Centre, Department of Clinical Physiology.
    MRI Turbulence Quantification2009In: Proc. Intl. Soc. Mag. Reson. Med., 2009, p. 1858-Conference paper (Refereed)
    Download full text (pdf)
    MRI Turbulence Quantification
  • 45.
    Dyverfeldt, Petter
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Medicine and Health Sciences, Clinical Physiology . Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Heart Centre, Department of Clinical Physiology.
    Sigfridsson, Andreas
    Linköping University, Center for Medical Image Science and Visualization, CMIV. Linköping University, Department of Medicine and Health Sciences, Clinical Physiology . Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Heart Centre, Department of Clinical Physiology.
    Escobar Kvitting, John-Peder
    Linköping University, Center for Medical Image Science and Visualization, CMIV. Linköping University, Department of Medicine and Health Sciences, Physiology . Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Heart Centre, Department of Thoracic and Vascular Surgery.
    Ebbers, Tino
    Linköping University, Department of Medicine and Health Sciences, Clinical Physiology . Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Heart Centre, Department of Clinical Physiology.
    Quantification of Turbulance Intensity by Generalizing Phase-Contrast MRI2006Conference paper (Refereed)
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    Quantification of Turbulance Intensity by Generalizing Phase-Contrast MRI
  • 46.
    Ebbers, Tino
    Linköping University, Center for Medical Image Science and Visualization, CMIV. Linköping University, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Physiology. Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Applied Thermodynamics and Fluid Mechanics. Linköping University, The Institute of Technology. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Heart and Medicine Centre, Department of Clinical Physiology UHL.
    Flow Imaging: Cardiac Applications of 3D Cine Phase-Contrast MRI2011In: Current Cardiovascular Imaging Reports, ISSN 1941-9074, Vol. 4, no 2, p. 127-133Article, review/survey (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Global and regional blood flow dynamics are of pivotal importance to cardiac function. Fluid mechanical forces can affect hemolysis and platelet aggregation, as well as myocardial remodeling. In recent years, assessment of blood flow patterns based on time-resolved, three-dimensional, three-directional phase-contrast MRI (3D cine PC MRI) has become possible and rapidly gained popularity. Initially, this technique was mainly known for its intuitive and appealing visualizations of the cardiovascular blood flow. Most recently, the technique has begun to go beyond compelling images toward comprehensive and quantitative assessment of blood flow. In this article, cardiac applications of 3D cine PC MRI data are discussed, starting with a review of the acquisition and analysis techniques, and including descriptions of promising applications of cardiac 3D cine PC MRI for the clinical evaluation of myocardial, valvular, and vascular disorders.

    Download full text (pdf)
    FULLTEXT01
  • 47.
    Ebbers, Tino
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Medicine and Health Sciences, Clinical Physiology . Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Heart Centre, Department of Clinical Physiology.
    Dyverfeldt, Petter
    Linköping University, Department of Medicine and Health Sciences, Clinical Physiology . Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Heart Centre, Department of Clinical Physiology.
    Sigfridsson, Andreas
    Linköping University, Center for Medical Image Science and Visualization, CMIV. Linköping University, Department of Medicine and Health Sciences, Clinical Physiology . Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Heart Centre, Department of Clinical Physiology.
    Escobar Kvitting, John-Peder
    Linköping University, Department of Medicine and Health Sciences, Clinical Physiology . Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Quantification of Mean and Fluctuating Flow2006Conference paper (Refereed)
  • 48.
    Ebbers, Tino
    et al.
    Linköping University, Center for Medical Image Science and Visualization, CMIV. Linköping University, Department of Medicine and Health Sciences, Clinical Physiology . Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Heart Centre, Department of Clinical Physiology.
    Haraldsson, Henrik
    Linköping University, Center for Medical Image Science and Visualization, CMIV. Linköping University, Department of Medicine and Health Sciences, Clinical Physiology . Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Heart Centre, Department of Clinical Physiology.
    Dyverfeldt, Petter
    Linköping University, Center for Medical Image Science and Visualization, CMIV. Linköping University, Department of Medicine and Health Sciences, Clinical Physiology . Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Heart Centre, Department of Clinical Physiology.
    Sigfridsson, Andreas
    Linköping University, Center for Medical Image Science and Visualization, CMIV. Linköping University, Department of Medicine and Health Sciences, Clinical Physiology . Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Heart Centre, Department of Clinical Physiology.
    Warntjes, Marcel Jan Bertus
    Linköping University, Center for Medical Image Science and Visualization, CMIV. Linköping University, Department of Medicine and Health Sciences, Clinical Physiology . Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Heart Centre, Department of Clinical Physiology.
    Wigström, Lars
    Linköping University, Center for Medical Image Science and Visualization, CMIV. Linköping University, Department of Medicine and Health Sciences, Clinical Physiology . Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Higher order weighted least-squares phase offset correction for improved accuracy in phase-contrast MRI2008Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Phase-contrast magnetic resonance imaging has the ability to accurately measure blood flow and myocardial velocities in the human body. Unwanted spatially varying phase offsets are, however, always present and may deteriorate the measurements significantly. Some of these phase offsets can be estimated based on the pulse sequence (1), but effects caused by eddy currents are more difficult to predict. A linear fit of the phase values is often estimated from either a number of manually defined areas containing stationary tissue or by semi-automatic detection of stationary tissue using the

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    Higer order weighted least-squares phase offset correction for improved accuracy in phase-contrast MRI
  • 49.
    Einarsson, Henrik
    Linköping University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Medical Informatics. Linköping University, The Institute of Technology.
    Implementation and Performance Analysis of Filternets2006Independent thesis Basic level (professional degree), 20 credits / 30 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Today Image acquisition equipment produces huge amounts of data that needs to be processed. Often the data describes signals with a dimensionality higher then 2, as with ordinary images. This introduce a problem when it comes to process this high dimensional data since ordinary signal processing tools are no longer suitable. New faster and more efficient tools need to be developed to fully exploit the advantages with e. g. a 3D CT-scan.

    One such tool is filternets, a layered networklike structure, which the signal propagates through. A filternet has three fundamental advantages which will decrease the filtering time. The network structure allows complex filter to be decomposed into simpler ones, intermediate result may be reused and filters may be implemented with very few nonzero coefficients (sparse filters).

    The aim of this study has been to create an implementation for filternets and optimize it with respect to execution time. Specially the possibility to use filternets that approximates a harmonic filterset for estimating orientation in 3D signals is investigated.

    Tests show that this method is up to about 30 times faster than a full filterset consisting of dense filters. They also show a slightly larger error in the estimated orientation compared with the dense filters, this error should however not limit the usability of the method.

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    FULLTEXT01
  • 50.
    Eklund, Anders
    et al.
    Linköping University, Center for Medical Image Science and Visualization (CMIV). Linköping University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Medical Informatics. Linköping University, The Institute of Technology.
    Andersson, Mats
    Linköping University, Center for Medical Image Science and Visualization (CMIV). Linköping University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Medical Informatics. Linköping University, The Institute of Technology.
    Ohlsson, Henrik
    Linköping University, Department of Electrical Engineering, Automatic Control. Linköping University, The Institute of Technology.
    Ynnerman, Anders
    Linköping University, Center for Medical Image Science and Visualization (CMIV). Linköping University, Department of Science and Technology, Visual Information Technology and Applications (VITA). Linköping University, The Institute of Technology.
    Knutsson, Hans
    Linköping University, Center for Medical Image Science and Visualization (CMIV). Linköping University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Medical Informatics. Linköping University, The Institute of Technology.
    A Brain Computer Interface for Communication Using Real-Time fMRI2010In: Proceedings of the 20th International Conference on Pattern Recognition, Los Alamitos, CA, USA: IEEE Computer Society, 2010, p. 3665-3669Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    We present the first step towards a brain computer interface (BCI) for communication using real-time functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). The subject in the MR scanner sees a virtual keyboard and steers a cursor to select different letters that can be combined to create words. The cursor is moved to the left by activating the left hand, to the right by activating the right hand, down by activating the left toes and up by activating the right toes. To select a letter, the subject simply rests for a number of seconds. We can thus communicate with the subject in the scanner by for example showing questions that the subject can answer. Similar BCI for communication have been made with electroencephalography (EEG). The subject then focuses on a letter while different rows and columns of the virtual keyboard are flashing and the system tries to detect if the correct letter is flashing or not. In our setup we instead classify the brain activity. Our system is neither limited to a communication interface, but can be used for any interface where five degrees of freedom is necessary.

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    FULLTEXT01
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