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  • 1.
    Andersson, Philip
    et al.
    Linköping University, The Institute of Technology, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Department of Management and Engineering.
    Eklund, Tommy
    Linköping University, The Institute of Technology, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Department of Management and Engineering.
    Analysis and Actions for Robust ElectronicsProduction at Haldex Brake Products Ltd2008Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Magister), 20 points / 30 hpStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    This master thesis report contains information about a project carried out at Haldex Brake Products that is situated in Redditch England. The Redditch site is part of the “Commercial Vehicle Systems” division within the Haldex group. Haldex Brake Products is designing and producing electronic anti lock brake systems. The latest product is called GEN2 and the project goal was to increase productivity and achieve more stability within the production processes of this product. The goal was achieved trough implementation suggestions affecting the three categories in overall equipment efficiency (OEE). Nine of the biggest implementations are presented in this report. Some of the suggestions are already implemented and some are under progress to be implemented. These implementations will result in an increase in productivity with additionally 953 products per week. The expected results are based on calculations on an average product. The report also contains suggestions for future actions to even more increase the efficiency of the production processes at Haldex Brake Products in Redditch.

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  • 2.
    Banerjee, Antara
    et al.
    Chettinad Acad Res & Educ CARE, India.
    Somasundaram, Indumathi
    Kolhapur Inst Technol, India.
    Das, Diptimayee
    Chettinad Acad Res & Educ CARE, India.
    Manoj, Samatha Jain
    Chettinad Acad Res & Educ CARE, India.
    Banu, Husaina
    Chettinad Acad Res & Educ CARE, India.
    Suresh, Pavane Mitta
    Chettinad Acad Res & Educ CARE, India.
    Paul, Sujay
    Tecnol Monterrey, Mexico.
    Bisgin, Atil
    Cukurova Univ, Turkiye.
    Zhang, Hong
    Orebro Univ, Sweden.
    Sun, Xiao-Feng
    Linköping University, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Division of Surgery, Orthopedics and Oncology. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Region Östergötland, Center for Surgery, Orthopaedics and Cancer Treatment, Department of Oncology.
    Duttaroy, Asim K.
    Univ Oslo, Norway.
    Pathak, Surajit
    Chettinad Acad Res & Educ CARE, India.
    Functional Foods: A Promising Strategy for Restoring Gut Microbiota Diversity Impacted by SARS-CoV-2 Variants2023In: Nutrients, E-ISSN 2072-6643, Vol. 15, no 11, article id 2631Article, review/survey (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Natural herbs and functional foods contain bioactive molecules capable of augmenting the immune system and mediating anti-viral functions. Functional foods, such as prebiotics, probiotics, and dietary fibers, have been shown to have positive effects on gut microbiota diversity and immune function. The use of functional foods has been linked to enhanced immunity, regeneration, improved cognitive function, maintenance of gut microbiota, and significant improvement in overall health. The gut microbiota plays a critical role in maintaining overall health and immune function, and disruptions to its balance have been linked to various health problems. SARS-CoV-2 infection has been shown to affect gut microbiota diversity, and the emergence of variants poses new challenges to combat the virus. SARS-CoV-2 recognizes and infects human cells through ACE2 receptors prevalent in lung and gut epithelial cells. Humans are prone to SARS-CoV-2 infection because their respiratory and gastrointestinal tracts are rich in microbial diversity and contain high levels of ACE2 and TMPRSS2. This review article explores the potential use of functional foods in mitigating the impact of SARS-CoV-2 variants on gut microbiota diversity, and the potential use of functional foods as a strategy to combat these effects.

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  • 3.
    Chung, Rosanna
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences.
    Leanderson, Per
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of Neuro and Inflammation Science. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Region Östergötland, Heart and Medicine Center, Occupational and Environmental Medicine Center.
    Gustafsson, Nelly
    Linköping University, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences.
    Jonasson, Lena
    Linköping University, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Region Östergötland, Heart and Medicine Center, Department of Cardiology in Linköping.
    Liberation of lutein from spinach: Effects of heating time, microwavereheating and liquefaction2019In: Food Chemistry, ISSN 0308-8146, E-ISSN 1873-7072, Vol. 277, p. 573-578Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Lutein, abundant in dark leafy vegetables, has been associated with several health promoting effects. Still, to what extent different preparation conditions and practices affect the liberation of lutein from food is not fully understood. Here, we compared a range of domestic methods under realistic conditions to prepare spinach, the most common lutein-rich vegetable. After preparations, samples were processed by in vitro digestion and lutein was quantified by HPLC. Data indicate that short-term and medium-term heating of spinach, independent of heating method, substantially reduced liberated lutein and reduction was most pronounced after long boiling times. Interestingly, the loss of lutein in heated samples was partly compensated when samples were reheated in the microwave. However, the highest yield of liberated lutein was obtained from liquefied spinach. Additional dairy enhanced the liquefaction effect. Thus, for optimal liberation of lutein, liquefaction of raw spinach appears to be the method of choice.

  • 4.
    Collier, Elizabeth S.
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Division of Society and Health. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. RISE Res Inst Sweden, Sweden.
    Harris, Kathryn L.
    RISE Res Inst Sweden, Sweden.
    Bendtsen, Marcus
    Linköping University, Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Division of Society and Health. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences.
    Norman, Cecilia
    RISE Res Inst Sweden, Sweden.
    Niimi, Jun
    RISE Res Inst Sweden, Sweden.
    Just a matter of taste? Understanding rationalizations for dairy consumption and their associations with sensory expectations of plant-based milk alternatives2023In: Food Quality and Preference, ISSN 0950-3293, E-ISSN 1873-6343, Vol. 104, article id 104745Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Although knowledge surrounding the obstacles omnivorous consumers face when substituting meat products with plant-based alternatives has increased dramatically, less is known about their perspectives on plant-based alternatives to dairy products. Here, these perspectives are assessed in two survey-based studies. Study 1 (N = 175) adapts an existing scale (the 4Ns of meat consumption) to dairy products in an effort to identify similarities and differences between rationalizations for meat and dairy consumption. This 16-item scale quantifies four factors (Natural, Necessary, Normal, and Nice) describing common rationalizations for meat consumption. The results revealed that the 4Ns transfer well to the dairy category, and that endorsement of dairy products as Nice was the strongest predictor of dairy consumption, relative to the other 3Ns. This is further supported by evaluation of consumers own qualitative descriptions of why they do or do not consume meat/dairy products, where "taste" was the most frequently used word in both categories. Study 2 replicates the relationships between dairy 4Ns scores and reported dairy consumption found in Study 1 and builds upon these results by showing that 4N score could accurately categorize consumers as frequent (N = 192) or infrequent (N = 210) consumers of plant-based milk alternatives (PBMAs). Differences in consumers expectations for the sensory characteristics of cows milk and PBMAs are identified, and the impact of rationalization (total 4N score) on the likelihood of expected sensory attribute associations is described. The role of rationalization in shaping sensory expectations and impacting dietary choices, in particular resistance to adopting PBMAs, is discussed.

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  • 5.
    Costa, Elena
    et al.
    RISE Res Inst Sweden, Sweden; Univ Gothenburg, Sweden; Frans Perssons Vag 6, Sweden.
    Niimi, Jun
    RISE Res Inst Sweden, Sweden.
    Collier, Elizabeth S.
    Linköping University, Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. RISE Res Inst Sweden, Sweden.
    The relationship between food neophobia and hedonic ratings of novel foods may be mediated by emotional arousal2023In: Food Quality and Preference, ISSN 0950-3293, E-ISSN 1873-6343, Vol. 109, article id 104931Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Seafood could support the transition away from terrestrial animal-source foods towards more sustainable protein sources. Food neophobia (FN), the reluctance to eat novel foods (which also extends to many familiar foods including seafood), is a known barrier to dietary change. This study investigates the relationship between FN and consumers acceptance of novel surimi-based products shaped to resemble pasta; and explores the role of emotional arousal experienced during tasting. Consumers (N = 211) completed the Food Neophobia Scale prior to the tasting session and were quasi-randomized to either the blind (N = 107; given no information about the content of the samples) or informed condition (N = 104; informed that the samples derived from fish), to ensure a similar FN distribution across groups. Respondents tasted three variants (pollock, cod, or salmon) of a surimibased product at a central location in Sweden. Each sample was rated in terms of hedonics, experienced emotional arousal (from 1-relaxed to 7-anxious), overall perceived aroma and flavor intensity, and freely described for flavor character. Attitudes (positive/negative) towards the concept were also described by respondents with free text. In line with previous studies, results showed negative associations between FN and both hedonic ratings and purchase intention. Moreover, mediation analysis suggested that the relationship between FN and hedonic liking was indirectly explained by emotional arousal, implying that higher arousal may be mechanistic in describing how FN negatively impacts liking. The effect of FN was, however, not observed for the salmon sample which evoked higher levels of arousal overall and may have also been perceived as more familiar due to high salmon consumption in Sweden. These results support the arousal hypothesis of FN and contribute to further understanding the mechanisms underpinning FN, highlighting the relevance of incorporating emotional measurements in sensory evaluations.

  • 6.
    Costa, Elena
    et al.
    RISE Res Inst Sweden, Sweden; Gothenburg Univ, Sweden.
    Wrange, Anna-Lisa
    IVL Swedish Environm Res Inst, Sweden.
    Collier, Elizabeth S.
    Linköping University, Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Division of Society and Health. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. RISE Res Inst Sweden, Sweden.
    Niimi, Jun
    RISE Res Inst Sweden, Sweden.
    Strand, Asa
    IVL Swedish Environm Res Inst, Sweden.
    Beyond raw: Investigating alternative preparation methods as a tool to increase acceptance of oysters in Sweden2023In: FUTURE FOODS, ISSN 2666-8335, Vol. 7Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The role of seafood in supporting transitions towards more sustainable and healthier diets is often overlooked. Oysters, for example, are a nutrient dense aquatic food whose production requires no feed, freshwater, or land use. However, oyster consumption in Sweden is limited, possibly in part due to being traditionally served raw. This study investigated consumer acceptance of oysters when cooked and prepared to resemble familiar foods and examined whether food neophobia (FN) was related to liking. Four oyster-based samples (raw oyster, oyster crepe, oyster burger, and oyster soup) were evaluated in an ecologically valid setting. Participants (N=102; convenience sampling) rated the samples in terms of hedonics (expected liking and liking after tasting), described which aspects of the samples were liked/disliked, and reported the contexts in which oyster consumption is perceived as appropriate. The findings suggest that FN was negatively associated with expected liking of raw oysters, but not with expected liking for cooked oyster-based products that were cooked to resemble familiar foods. On the other hand, familiarity with oysters was positively associated with expected liking of raw oysters. This suggests that expanding oyster preparations beyond its traditional raw format could be a valuable strategy to promote oyster consumption in Sweden.

  • 7.
    Dunsäter, Andreas
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering.
    Andersson, Marcus
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering.
    Daytime veiling glare in automobiles caused by dashboard reflectance2008Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Magister), 20 points / 30 hpStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Veiling glare has always existed in cars, but during the last years it has been brought up as a big problem. One reason is that glossier materials are being used in car interior design. Another reason is that the customers who buy the cars are getting more quality conscious. They demand to get top quality for the high price that they pay for a car, and veiling glare problems could be regarded as “low quality”.

    Veiling glare is when light hits the car interior and reflects into the windshield, causing mirror-like images in the windshield (ghost images). This can impair the driving experience in two ways. It can lower the contrast of the road scene and it may be a cluttering for the driver.

    This work handles daytime veiling glare from dashboard reflectance. The purpose was to investigate the area and to see if Saab can avoid the problem with veiling glare by using virtual prototyping (see chapter 3.3.1). This has been done by examining if the light

    simulation software Speos can be used to simulate and predict veiling glare, and thereby be used as a tool for better design.

    Key words: Veiling glare, dashboard, windshield, Speos, virtual prototyping.

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  • 8. Order onlineBuy this publication >>
    Enberg, Cecilia
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Business Administration. Linköping University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences.
    Knowledge Integration in Product Development Projects2007Doctoral thesis, monograph (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    This dissertation is concerned with knowledge integration in product development projects. Knowledge integration is conceived of as processes of goal-oriented interrelating with the purpose of benefiting from knowledge complementarities existing between individuals with differentiated knowledge bases. Knowledge integration is a subject of importance to many firms as the degree of integration of specialised and distributed knowledge helps explain differences in firms’ product development performance. However, knowledge integration is poorly understood as detailed, empirical, studies are lacking. Hence, the purpose of this dissertation is to explore what mechanisms of knowledge integration are suitable in different project settings.

    The dissertation is based on two empirical studies, both of which are longitudinal, real-time studies of product development projects. A detailed account of the project work in each of the two projects, the Stacker project and the Turbine project, is presented together with an analysis of each case. Thereafter, a comparative analysis is conducted, in which both similarities and differences between the two projects and their settings are discussed. As a result of the studies, an iterative model of knowledge integration is proposed. The iterative model has a number of features which would benefit the analysis of knowledge integration in empirical settings. It recognises the importance of considering to what extent the “knowledge problematic” of a specific product development project needs to involve acting and interacting and how these are made complementary in an iterative process. Second, it indicates the significance of using various artefacts and how these may be involved in acting as well as interacting. Third, it recognises that acting and interacting may be associated with different costs of knowledge integration.

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  • 9.
    Fagerberg, Petter
    et al.
    Karolinska Inst, Sweden.
    Langley, Billy
    Karolinska Inst, Sweden.
    Oraysky, Aleksandra
    Karolinska Inst, Sweden.
    Sandborg, Johanna
    Linköping University, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Division of Community Medicine. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Karolinska Inst, Sweden.
    Löf, Marie
    Linköping University, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Division of Community Medicine. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Karolinska Inst, Sweden.
    Ioakimidis, Ioannis
    Karolinska Inst, Sweden.
    Ultra-processed food advertisements dominate the food advertising landscape in two Stockholm areas with low vs high socioeconomic status. Is it time for regulatory action?2019In: BMC Public Health, E-ISSN 1471-2458, BMC PUBLIC HEALTH, Vol. 19, no 1, article id 1717Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Background

    Ultra-processed food consumption is a risk factor for obesity and has a negative environmental impact. Food companies spend billions of dollars on advertisements each year to increase the consumption of ultra-processed food. In Australia, USA, and New Zealand, most food advertisements around schools and in train stations promote ultra-processed food, but no similar studies have been conducted in Sweden. The aim of this study was to explore the proportion of ultra-processed food advertisements in two districts of Stockholm, Sweden with low vs. high socioeconomic status (SES).

    Methods

    Two independent researchers (per area) mapped all advertisements, including storefronts, in two Stockholm districts. During consecutive days, all advertisements were photographed in Skärholmen (low SES district), and Östermalmstorg (high SES district), on the streets inside and outside the subway stations, as well as inside and outside of local shopping malls. Advertisements promoting food products were identified and a trained dietician categorized whether they promoted ultra-processed foods. Chi-Square test was conducted to test for differences in the proportion of ultra-processed food advertisements between the two study areas.

    Results

    In total, 4092 advertisements were photographed in Skärholmen (n = 1935) and Östermalm (n = 2157). 32.8% of all advertisements promoted food, while 65.4% of food advertisements promoted ultra-processed foods. A significantly higher proportion of ultra-processed food advertisements out of total food advertisements was identified in the low SES area, irrespective of the researcher taking the pictures (74.6% vs. 61.8%, p < 0.001 and 70.4% vs. 54.8%, p = 0.001). There was no significant difference in the proportion of food advertisements out of total advertisements between the two areas.

    Conclusions

    This study provides initial evidence about the scale and the differences in exposure to food advertisements across areas in Stockholm. The observed high proportion of ultra-processed food advertisements is concerning and is in sharp contrast to the Swedish dietary guidelines that recommend reduced consumption of such foods. Based on our results, residents in low SES areas might be more exposed to ultra-processed food advertisements than those in high SES areas in Stockholm. If such findings are confirmed in additional areas, they should be considered during the deployment of food advertisement regulatory actions.

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  • 10.
    Ghosh, D.
    et al.
    Indian Inst Sci, India.
    Routh, Joyanto
    Linköping University, Department of Thematic Studies, Tema Environmental Change. Linköping University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences.
    Translocation of arsenic in food chain: A case study from villages in Gangetic basin, India2018In: ENVIRONMENTAL ARSENIC IN A CHANGING WORLD (AS2018), CRC PRESS-BALKEMA , 2018, p. 303-304Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Arsenic (As) contamination of groundwater is a worldwide concern and West Bengal in India is affected by this problem. Different food crops may accumulate As differently, and studies often show conflicting results. A previous study from Karimpur block, Nadia district, West Bengal indicated high concentration of As in two tube wells. Groundwater from these wells is used for irrigating nearby agricultural fields. The aim of this study was therefore to analyze As and other metals concentration in different vegetables and rice growing in these fields. In addition, animal fodder plants and cow milk was also analyzed to investigate the possibility of transfer of arsenic through food chain. The samples were analyzed using a microwave digestion procedure followed by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Animal fodder roots showed high concentration of As compared to other samples. The results also showed possible translocation of Cd along with As from root to shoot, in animal fodder. The milk samples showed high concentrations of As and Pb.

  • 11.
    Guerrero-Barajas, Claudia
    et al.
    Inst Politecn Nacl, Mexico.
    Constantino-Salinas, Erick A.
    Inst Politecn Nacl, Mexico.
    Amora-Lazcano, Enriqueta
    Inst Politecn Nacl, Mexico.
    Tlalapango-Angeles, Daniel
    Inst Politecn Nacl, Mexico.
    Mendoza Figueroa, Silvestre
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Biophysics and bioengineering. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering. Inst Politecn Nacl, Mexico.
    Cruz-Maya, Juan A.
    Inst Politecn Nacl, Mexico.
    Jan-Roblero, Janet
    Inst Politecn Nacl, Mexico.
    Bacillus mycoides A1 and Bacillus tequilensis A3 inhibit the growth of a member of the phytopathogen Colletotrichum gloeosporioides species complex in avocado2020In: Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, ISSN 0022-5142, E-ISSN 1097-0010, Vol. 100, p. 4049-4056Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    BACKGROUND Avocado is affected by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides causing anthracnose. Antagonistic microorganisms against C. gloeosporioides represent an alternative for biological control. Accordingly, in the present study, we focused on the isolation and characterization of potential antagonist bacteria against a member of the C. gloeosporioides species complex with respect to their possible future application. RESULTS Samples of avocado rhizospheric soil were aquired from an orchard located in Ocuituco, Morelos, Mexico, aiming to obtain bacterial isolates with potential antifungal activity. From the soil samples, 136 bacteria were isolated and they were then challenged against a member of the C. gloeosporioides species complex; only three bacterial isolates A1, A2 and A3 significantly diminished mycelial fungal growth by 75%, 70% and 60%, respectively. Two of these isolates were identified by 16S rRNA as Bacillus mycoides (A1 and A2) and the third was identified as Bacillus tequilensis (A3). Bacillus mycoides bacterial cell-free supernatant reduced the mycelial growth of a member of the C. gloeosporioides species complex isolated from avocado by 65%, whereas Bacillus tequilensis A3 supernatant did so by 25% after 3 days post inoculation. Bacillus tequilensis mycoides A1 was a producer of proteases, indolacetic acid and siderophores. Preventive treatment using a cell-free supernatant of B. mycoides A1 diminished the severity of anthracnose disease (41.9%) on avocado fruit. CONCLUSION These results reveal the possibility of using B. mycoides A1 as a potential biological control agent. (c) 2020 Society of Chemical Industry

  • 12.
    Jones, Alexandra
    et al.
    George Inst Global Hlth, Australia; Univ Sydney, Australia.
    Rådholm, Karin
    Linköping University, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Division of Community Medicine. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Region Östergötland, Primary Care Center, Primary Health Care Center Ödeshög. George Inst Global Hlth, Australia.
    Neal, Bruce
    George Inst Global Hlth, Australia; Univ Sydney, Australia; Imperial Coll London, England.
    Defining Unhealthy: A Systematic Analysis of Alignment between the Australian Dietary Guidelines and the Health Star Rating System2018In: Nutrients, E-ISSN 2072-6643, Vol. 10, no 4, article id 501Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The Australian Dietary Guidelines (ADGs) and Health Star Rating (HSR) front-of-pack labelling system are two national interventions to promote healthier diets. Our aim was to assess the degree of alignment between the two policies. Methods: Nutrition information was extracted for 65,660 packaged foods available in The George Institutes Australian FoodSwitch database. Products were classified core or discretionary based on the ADGs, and a HSR generated irrespective of whether currently displayed on pack. Apparent outliers were identified as those products classified core that received HSR amp;lt;= 2.0; and those classified discretionary that received HSR amp;gt;= 3.5. Nutrient cut-offs were applied to determine whether apparent outliers were high in salt, total sugar or saturated fat, and outlier status thereby attributed to a failure of the ADGs or HSR algorithm. Results: 47,116 products (23,460 core; 23,656 discretionary) were included. Median (Q1, Q3) HSRs were 4.0 (3.0 to 4.5) for core and 2.0 (1.0 to 3.0) for discretionary products. Overall alignment was good: 86.6% of products received a HSR aligned with their ADG classification. Among 6324 products identified as apparent outliers, 5246 (83.0%) were ultimately determined to be ADG failures, largely caused by challenges in defining foods as core or discretionary. In total, 1078 (17.0%) were determined to be true failures of the HSR algorithm. Conclusion: The scope of genuine misalignment between the ADGs and HSR algorithm is very small. We provide evidence-informed recommendations for strengthening both policies to more effectively guide Australians towards healthier choices.

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  • 13.
    Karlsson, Jan Olof
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Medical and Health Sciences. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences.
    Eriksson, Jan
    Hornberje Holding AS, Sweden.
    May fermented Baltic Sea herring help in conditions of gut disorders, such as gastric catarrh and heartburn?2018In: JOURNAL OF COMPLEMENTARY MEDICINE RESEARCH, ISSN 2146-8397, Vol. 8, no 2, p. 53-58Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Background: It has been suggested that disruption of the gut microbiota can be significant with respect to pathological intestinal conditions, such as irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), gastric catarrh (GC), and heartburn (HB). Through history, an essential part of the colonization of the human gut took place by ingestion of food preserved by fermentation. The natural replenishment of microbes via food and beverage is today low because food is "sterilized" through boiling, broiling, and pasteurization. Modulating the gut rnicrobiota with fermented food products may hence be considered as a strategy to treat such conditions. Fermented Baltic Sea herring (FBSH) is an example of a Lactobacillus-fermented food product, which was tested in the present study. Methods: A 30-day open study was performed in 42 volunteers with IBS, GC, or HB. Volunteers were recruited by advertisements in daily newspapers. The volunteers were provided with gelatin capsules for the study, each containing approximately 100 mg freeze dried FBSH. They were also provided with forms that contained columns and rows for every test day where the volunteers were ask to fill in number of capsules taken, and to report possible improvements according to a 0-10 scale, where 10 stands for full recovery. Results: The most reported common disorder symptom was IBS and 7 of 14 of these volunteers reported recovery, with a mean recovery of 4.4. All of the 9 volunteers reported recovery from GC, with a mean recovery of 8.4. Five of 6 volunteers reported recovery from HB, with a mean recovery of 6.8. Conclusion: Although the present study is a small open study, the overall results are exciting and merits further studies in volunteers, ideally in a double-blind placebo-controlled manner.

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  • 14.
    Lappi, Veli-Matti
    et al.
    Karolinska Inst, Sweden.
    Mottas, Antoine
    Karolinska Inst, Sweden.
    Sundstroem, Johan
    Uppsala Univ, Sweden; Univ New South Wales, Australia.
    Neal, Bruce
    Univ New South Wales, Australia; Imperial Coll London, England.
    Löf, Marie
    Linköping University, Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Division of Society and Health. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Karolinska Inst, Sweden.
    Rådholm, Karin
    Linköping University, Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Division of Prevention, Rehabilitation and Community Medicine. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Region Östergötland, Primary Care Center, Primary Health Care Center Kärna. Univ New South Wales, Australia.
    A Comparison of the Nutritional Qualities of Supermarkets Own and Regular Brands of Bread in Sweden2020In: Nutrients, E-ISSN 2072-6643, NUTRIENTS, Vol. 12, no 4, article id 1162Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Processed food is associated with unhealthy qualities such as higher content of harmful fats, sugars and salt. The aim of our study was to compare the nutritional qualities of supermarkets own brands and regular brands of bread sold in Sweden. Additionally, we compared the nutritional qualities of gluten-free and gluten-containing bread. We collected information from the labels of 332 bread products available in the largest grocery store chains. The Australian Health Star Rating (HSR) system was used to quantify the nutritional quality of each bread product. We compared all supermarkets own brand products to regular brand products, and gluten-free to gluten-containing bread. The mean HSR for the supermarkets own brands was lower than the regular brands (3.6 vs. 3.7; p = 0.046). For the regular brand products, the fibre, sugar and total fat content were greater (p &lt; 0.001, p = 0.002 and p = 0.021, respectively), while less protein (p = 0.009) compared to regular bread products. Gluten-free bread had a lower HSR than gluten-containing bread (mean 3.5 vs. 3.8, respectively; p &lt; 0.001). The regular brand products were slightly healthier than the supermarkets own brands, primarily as a result of a higher fibre content. Gluten-free bread products were slightly unhealthier due to a lower protein content.

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  • 15.
    Larsson, Catrine
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology.
    Effects on product quality for probiotic yoghurts caused by long storage times during production2009Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (Two Years)), 20 credits / 30 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Recent years there has been a large increase in the worldwide sales of cultured products containing probiotics. The obstacle in the production of fermented products incubated with probiotic strains is its effect on sensory, chemical and physical properties. This Master´s Thesis investigates how extended storage times in fermentation tank as well as buffer tank during production of probiotic yoghurts affect final product quality. Through experimental studies, maximum storage times for probiotic yoghurts were to be recommended. The study includes analyses of pH, viscosity, stability, acetic acid concentration, microbial viability and sensory evaluations.

    Design of experiments (DOE) was used to construct a 32-factorial design for the experiment where different storage times were tested. The analyses showed that:

    • pH decreases with both storage time in fermentation tank and buffer tank.
    • Viscosity increases with long storage times in fermentation tank, while it decreases with long storage times in buffer tanks.
    • Many samples had a sandy/grainy and slimy texture which could be related to high levels of Bifidobacteria or high fermentation temperatures.
    • High levels of acetic acid was found in all samples.
    • All measurements data where within the specification limits, whereas no recommendation for maximum storage times during production could be given.
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  • 16.
    Lundqvist, Johan
    et al.
    SLU, Uppsala.
    Andersson, Anna
    Linköping University, Department of Thematic Studies, Tema Environmental Change. Linköping University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences.
    Johannisson, Anders
    SLU, Uppsala, Sweden.
    Lavonen, Elin
    Norrvatten, Solna.
    Mandava, Geeta
    SLU, Uppsala.
    Kylin, Henrik
    Linköping University, Department of Thematic Studies, Tema Environmental Change. Linköping University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences.
    Bastviken, David
    Linköping University, Department of Thematic Studies, Tema Environmental Change. Linköping University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences.
    Oskarsson, Agneta
    SLU, Uppsala.
    Innovative drinking water treatment techniques reduce the disinfection-induced oxidative stress and genotoxic activity2019In: Water Research, ISSN 0043-1354, E-ISSN 1879-2448, Vol. 5, p. 182-192Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Disinfection of drinking water using chlorine can lead to the formation of genotoxic by-products whenchlorine reacts with natural organic matter (NOM). A vast number of such disinfection by-products(DBPs) have been identified, making it almost impossible to routinely monitor all DBPs with chemicalanalysis. In this study, a bioanalytical approach was used, measuring oxidative stress (Nrf2 activity),genotoxicity (micronucleus test), and aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) activation to evaluate an innovativewater treatment process, including suspended ion exchange, ozonation, in-line coagulation,ceramic microfiltration, and granular activated carbon. Chlorination was performed in laboratory scaleafter each step in the treatment process in order to investigate the effect of each treatment process to theformation of DBPs. Suspended ion exchange had a high capacity to remove dissolved organic carbon(DOC) and to decrease UV absorbance and Nrf2 activity in non-chlorinated water. High-dose chlorination(10 mg Cl2 L-1) of raw water caused a drastic induction of Nrf2 activity, which was decreased by 70% inwater chlorinated after suspended ion exchange. Further reduction of Nrf2 activity following chlorinationwas achieved by ozonation and the concomitant treatment steps. The ozonation treatment resulted indecreased Nrf2 activity in spite of unchanged DOC levels. However, a strong correlation was found betweenUV absorbing compounds and Nrf2 activity, demonstrating that Nrf2 inducing DBPs were formedfrom pre-cursors of a specific NOM fraction, constituted of mainly aromatic compounds. Moreover, highdosechlorination of raw water induced genotoxicity. In similarity to the DOC levels, UV absorbance andNrf2 activity, the disinfection-induced genotoxicity was also reduced by each treatment step of theinnovative water treatment technique. AhR activity was observed in the water produced by the conventionalprocess and in the raw water, but the activity was clearly decreased by the ozonation step inthe innovative water treatment process.

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  • 17.
    Martins, Vasco Alexandre
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Biology. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences.
    Magnusson, Natalie
    Furuviksparken, Sweden.
    Laska, Matthias
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Biology. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Go for Lipids! Food Preferences and Nutrient Composition in Zoo-Housed White-Faced Sakis, Pithecia pithecia2023In: International journal of primatology, ISSN 0164-0291, E-ISSN 1573-8604Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The role that single nutrients may play for food choices in nonhuman primates is not fully understood. White-faced sakis (Pithecia pithecia) are unusual among frugivorous primates as they do not serve as seed dispersers but rather exploit the seeds they consume, presumably for their high contents of lipids and proteins. Therefore, we assessed the occurrence of spontaneous food preferences in zoo-housed white-faced sakis and analyzed whether these preferences correlate with nutrient composition. Using a two-alternative choice test, we repeatedly presented three female and two male sakis with all possible binary combinations of 15 types of food that are part of their diet under human care, and found them to display the following rank order of preference: peanut &gt; hazelnut &gt; avocado &gt; melon &gt; egg &gt; apple &gt; mealworms &gt; beetroot &gt; carrot &gt; cucumber &gt; cabbage &gt; tomato &gt; sweet potato &gt; broccoli &gt; eggplant. This preference ranking significantly and positively correlated with the total energy content of the food items. However, we found the strongest positive correlation among the three macronutrients providing metabolic energy between the sakis food preferences and lipid content. This is remarkable as all other primate species tested so far using this method displayed the strongest correlation with carbohydrates instead. Together with our finding that the sakis significantly preferred foods high in mono-unsaturated fatty acids, the building blocks of lipids, these results support the notion that white-faced sakis exploit the lipids contained in seeds to meet their requirements of metabolic energy.

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  • 18.
    Milan, Amber M.
    et al.
    Univ Auckland, New Zealand.
    Shrestha, Aahana
    Univ Auckland, New Zealand.
    Karlstrom, Helga J.
    Linköping University.
    Martinsson, Jakob A.
    Linköping University.
    Nilsson, Nils J.
    Linköping University.
    Perry, Jo K.
    Univ Auckland, New Zealand.
    Day, Li
    AgResearch Ltd, New Zealand.
    Barnett, Matthew P. G.
    AgResearch Ltd, New Zealand; Riddet Inst, New Zealand; High Value Nutr Natl Sci Challenge, New Zealand.
    Cameron-Smith, David
    Univ Auckland, New Zealand; AgResearch Ltd, New Zealand; Riddet Inst, New Zealand.
    Comparison of the impact of bovine milk beta-casein variants on digestive comfort in females self-reporting dairy intolerance: a randomized controlled trial2020In: American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, ISSN 0002-9165, E-ISSN 1938-3207, Vol. 111, no 1, p. 149-160Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Background: Lactose malabsorption (LM) is a major cause of digestive discomfort from dairy products. Recently. a role for bovine beta-casein A1 has been proposed. Objectives: We examined whether there are distinct symptoms of digestive discomfort due to either lactose or differing bovine beta-casein types. Methods: Women (n = 40; age: 25.2 +/- 05 y) with self-reported varying dairy tolerance underwent a 50-g lactose challenge. Based on postchallenge LM and digestive discomfort, participants were classified as either lactose intolerant (LI; n = 10, self-reported intolerant, diagnosed lactose intolerant), nonlactose dairy intolerant (NLDI; n = 20, self-reported intolerant, diagnosed lactose tolerant), or dairy tolerant (DT: n = 10, self-reported tolerant, diagnosed lactose tolerant). In a double-blinded randomized sequence, participants consumed 750 mL conventional milk (CON; containing Al and A2 beta-casein and lactose), a2 Milk (A2M; exclusively containing A2 beta-casein with lactose), or lactose-free conventional milk (LF-CON; containing Al and A2 beta-casein without lactose). Subjective digestive symptoms and breath hydrogen (measuring LM) were recorded regularly over 3 h, and further ad hoc digestive symptoms over 12 h. Results: LI subjects experienced prolonged digestive discomfort with CON milk. A2M reduced (P amp;lt; 0.05) some symptoms (nausea: A2M 8 +/- 3 mm compared with CON 15 +/- 3mm: fecal urgency: A2M 4 +/- 1 compared with CON 10 +/- 3 mm), and attenuated the rise in breath hydrogen over 3 h, relative to CON milk (A2M 59 +/- 23 compared with CON 98 +/- 25 ppm at 150 min; P amp;lt; 0.01). In contrast, NLDI subjects experienced rapid-onset, transient symptoms (abdominal distension, bloating, and flatulence) without increased breath hydrogen, irrespective of milk type. Conclusions: In LI individuals, LM and digestive comfort with lactose-containing milks was improved with milk containing exclusively A2 beta-casein. Furthermore, self-reported dairy intolerance without LM (NLDI) is characterized by early-onset digestive discomfort following milk ingestion, irrespective of lactose content or beta-casein type.

  • 19.
    Montelius, Malin
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Thematic Studies, Tema Environmental Change. Linköping University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences. Structor Miljö Öst AB Linköping Sweden.
    Svensson, Teresia
    Linköping University, Department of Thematic Studies, Tema Environmental Change. Linköping University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences.
    Lourino-Cabana, Beatriz
    EDF R&D LNHE - Laboratoire National d’Hydraulique et Environnement Chatou, France.
    Thiry, Yves
    Andra, Research and Development Division, Parc de la Croix Blanche Châtenay-Malabry Cedex, France.
    Bastviken, David
    Linköping University, Department of Thematic Studies, Tema Environmental Change. Linköping University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences.
    Radiotracer evidence that the rhizosphere is a hot-spot for chlorination of soil organic matter2019In: Plant and Soil, ISSN 0032-079X, Vol. 443, no 1-2, p. 245-257Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Aims

    The ubiquitous and extensive natural chlorination of organic matter in soils, leading to levels of chlorinated soil organic matter that often exceed the levels of chloride, remains mysterious in terms of its causes and regulation. While the composition of plant species and the availability of labile organic matter was recently shown to be important, the physical localization of chlorination in soils remains unclear but is a key for understanding regulation and patterns observed. Here we assess the relative importance of organic matter chlorination in (a) bulk soil, (b) the plant roots plus the rhizosphere zone surrounding the roots, and (c) above-ground plant biomass, in an experimental plant-soil system.

    Methods

    A radiotracer, 36Cl, was added to study translocation and transformations of Cl and Clorg in agricultural soil with and without wheat (Triticum vulgare) over 50 days.

    Results

    The specific chlorination rates (the fraction of the added 36Cl converted to 36Clorg per day) in soil with plants was much higher (0.02 d−1) than without plants (0.0007 d−1) at peak growth (day 25). The plant root and rhizosphere showed much higher formation of 36Clorg than the bulk soil, suggesting that the rhizosphere is a hotspot for chlorination in the soil. In addition, the treatment with plants displayed a rapid and high plant uptake of Cl.

    Conclusions

    Our results indicate that the rhizosphere harbour the most extensive in-situ chlorination process in soil and that root-soil interaction may be key for terrestrial chlorine cycling.

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  • 20.
    Mottas, Antoine
    et al.
    Karolinska Inst, Sweden.
    Lappi, Veli-Matti
    Karolinska Inst, Sweden.
    Sundström, Johan
    Uppsala Univ, Sweden; Univ New South Wales, Australia.
    Neal, Bruce
    Univ New South Wales, Australia; Imperial Coll London, England.
    Mhurchu, Cliona Ni
    Univ New South Wales, Australia; Univ Auckland, New Zealand.
    Löf, Marie
    Linköping University, Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Division of Society and Health. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Karolinska Inst, Sweden.
    Rådholm, Karin
    Linköping University, Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Division of Prevention, Rehabilitation and Community Medicine. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Region Östergötland, Primary Care Center, Primary Health Care Center Kärna. Univ New South Wales, Australia.
    Measuring the Healthiness of Ready-to-Eat Child-Targeted Cereals: Evaluation of the FoodSwitch Platform in Sweden2021In: JMIR mhealth and uhealth, E-ISSN 2291-5222, Vol. 9, no 7, article id e17780Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Background: Childhood obesity is a major public health issue. The increase in the consumption of foods with poor nutritional value, such as processed foods, contributes to this. Breakfast cereals are often advertised as a healthy way to start the day, but the healthiness of these products varies greatly. Objective: Our main objective was to gather information about the nutritional characteristics of ready-to-eat breakfast cereals in Sweden and to investigate the healthiness of products targeted at children compared to other cereals by use of the FoodSwitch platform. A secondary objective was to evaluate the alignment between the Keyhole symbol and the Health Star Rating. Methods: The FoodSwitch app is a mobile health (mHealth) tool used to present nutrition data and healthier alternative products to consumers. Ready-to-eat breakfast cereals from the largest Swedish grocery retailers were collected using the FoodSwitch platform. Products were defined as targeting children if they presented features addressing children on the package. Results: Overall, information on 261 ready-to-eat cereals was examined. Of this total, 8% (n=21) were targeted at children. Child-targeted cereals were higher in sugar (22.3 g/100 g vs 12.8 g/100 g, P&lt;.001) and lower in fiber (6.2 g/100 g vs 9.8 g/100 g, P&lt;.001) and protein (8.1 g/100 g vs 10.5 g/100 g, P&lt;.001). Total fat (3 g/100 g vs 10.5 g/100 g, P&lt;.001) and saturated fat (0.8 g/100 g vs 2.6 g/100 g, P&lt;.001) were also lower. No difference was found in salt content (P=.61). Fewer child-targeted breakfast cereals displayed an on-pack Keyhole label (n=1, 5% vs n=53, 22%; P=.06), and the mean Health Star Rating value was 3.5 for child-targeted cereals compared to others (mean 3.8, P=.07). A correlation was found between the Keyhole symbol and the Health Star Rating. Conclusions: Ready-to-eat breakfast cereals targeted at children were less healthy in terms of sugar and fiber content compared to products not targeted at children. There is a need to improve the nutritional quality of child-targeted cereals.

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  • 21.
    Mukherjee, Subhankar
    et al.
    Ctr Dev Adv Comp C DAC Kolkata, India.
    Bhattacharyya, Soumyadeb
    Ctr Dev Adv Comp C DAC Kolkata, India.
    Ghosh, Koustuv
    Ctr Dev Adv Comp C DAC Kolkata, India.
    Pal, Souvik
    Ctr Dev Adv Comp C DAC Kolkata, India.
    Halder, Arnab
    Linköping University, Department of Science and Technology, Laboratory of Organic Electronics. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering. Tech Univ Denmark, Denmark.
    Naseri, Maryam
    Tech Univ Denmark, Denmark.
    Mohammadniaei, Mohsen
    Tech Univ Denmark, Denmark.
    Sarkar, Subrata
    Ctr Dev Adv Comp C DAC Kolkata, India.
    Ghosh, Alokesh
    Ctr Dev Adv Comp C DAC Kolkata, India.
    Sun, Yi
    Tech Univ Denmark, Denmark.
    Bhattacharyya, Nabarun
    Ctr Dev Adv Comp C DAC Kolkata, India.
    Sensory development for heavy metal detection: A review on translation from conventional analysis to field-portable sensor2021In: Trends in Food Science & Technology, ISSN 0924-2244, E-ISSN 1879-3053, Vol. 109, p. 674-689Article, review/survey (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Background: In recent decades, contaminations with heavy metals ions have adversely affected the environment, food safety, and human health. Heavy metals, leaching to water sources from the industrial effluents, can enter into the aquatic and food chains of humans and animals from a variety of anthmpogenic sources. Scope and Approach: Heavy metal detection has been an intensive area of research today. Both laboratory-based analytical instruments and innovative sensor devices like the electronic nose, electronic tongue, and bio/ chemical sensors have increasingly emerged to meet the demand for legislative actions on environmental pollution control and early warning. These evolving technology and developments particularly in the area of nanotechnology and sensors have become key contributing factors in heavy metal detection. Key Findings and Conclusions: This endeavor aims at exploring this field in detail to understand the key principles behind this flourishing science and summarize the recent development in heavy metal detection technologies. This article also gives a brief review of commercially available portable devices that has the potential to become the next gold standard instruments in heavy metal detection.

  • 22.
    Niimi, Jun
    et al.
    RISE Res Inst Sweden, Sweden.
    Collier, Elizabeth S.
    RISE Res Inst Sweden, Sweden.
    Oberrauter, Lisa-Maria
    RISE Res Inst Sweden, Sweden.
    Sörensen, Victoria
    RISE Res Inst Sweden, Sweden.
    Norman, Cecilia
    RISE Res Inst Sweden, Sweden.
    Normann, Anne
    RISE Res Inst Sweden, Sweden.
    Bendtsen, Marcus
    Linköping University, Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Division of Society and Health. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences.
    Bergman, Penny
    RISE Res Inst Sweden, Sweden.
    Sample discrimination through profiling with rate all that apply (RATA) using consumers is similar between home use test (HUT) and central location test (CLT)2022In: Food Quality and Preference, ISSN 0950-3293, E-ISSN 1873-6343, Vol. 95, article id 104377Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The impact of testing locations, home use test (HUT) and central location test (CLT) on consumer evaluations of food products using rate all that apply (RATA) was investigated. As a case study, eight cold cuts were evaluated: four vegetarian/vegan and four meat-based products. A between-subjects design was used, whereby consumers were randomly allocated to either HUT or CLT test location (58 and 71 consumers, respectively). To retain as much similarity as possible across locations, consumers in both groups received identical bags of products with palate cleansers and instructions. Consumers evaluated the products using a lexicon consisting of 32 sensory attributes based on similar studies and benchtop tasting, using RATA with 7pt scales. A total of 30 and 31 attributes differed significantly (p &lt; 0.05) across the products for HUT and CLT, respectively. Sample discrimination was similar between the two locations. Location significantly (p &lt; 0.05) affected discrimination of 14 attributes, but a particular location having consistently higher attribute means was not observed. Bootstrapping of the attribute means per product showed no significant differences between the two testing locations, and multilevel regression models using Bayesian inference did not reveal marked differences in expected ratings between locations. Further comparisons of sample discrimination patterns through principal component analysis showed that the two locations were very similar, including the overlap of confidence ellipses. The betweensubjects design strengthens the results: that comparable sensory profiles were obtained from different consumers in different testing locations supports the notion that RATA data from consumers can be reliably collected for relatively sensorially distinct products with minimal data compromise.

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  • 23.
    Nyström, Daniel
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Mechanical Engineering.
    Walfridsson, Lars
    Linköping University, Department of Mechanical Engineering.
    Säkerhetsbrytare för Gräsklippare2007Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Magister), 20 points / 30 hpStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    This thesis describes teh solution of two problems regarding safety on powered lawnmowers; protectning the users from injury when using the lawnmower in slopes, and when cleaning the cutting blade.

    The task was carried out through initial studies on a representative lawnmower. A generation of ideas followed with an evaluation to select the best solution. The winning concept was further developed to reach acceptable performance. The word resulted in a functioning prototype utilising an original way of detecting inclinations without incorrect signals. It c an serve as a platform for further development into a product.

    The work gives insightful experience of solving real-world problems, and especially to deal with situations where several variables and their effects are unknown

    Please note that several parts of the work are confidential, and have therefore been removed from the thesis.

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  • 24.
    Schmid Neset, Tina-Simone
    Linköping University, Department of Thematic Studies, Department of Water and Environmental Studies. Linköping University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences.
    Environmental Imprint of Human Food Consumption: Linköping, Sweden 1870 - 20002005Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    Human food consumption has changed from the late 19th century to the turn of the millennium, and so has the need for resources to sustain this consumption. For the city of Linköping, situated in southeastern Sweden, the environmental imprint of an average inhabitant’s food consumption is studied from the year 1870 to the year 2000. The average consumer is the driving factor in this study, since changes in food consumption have a direct influence on the environmental imprint. This thesis analyses the environmental imprint of human food consumption from a historical perspective, by applying two different methods. An analysis of the average Swedish food consumption creates the basis for a material flow analysis of nitrogen and phosphorus, as well as a study of the spatial imprint.

    Emissions of nitrogen and phosphorus into the hydrosphere have decreased over this period for the system of food consumption and production for an average consumer, while the input via chemical fertilizer has increased significantly. The efficiency of this system could be increased if for instance more phosphorus in human excreta would be reused within the system instead of large deposition and losses into the hydrosphere. The spatial imprint of human food consumption shows, given the changing local preconditions, that less space would be needed for regional production of the consumed food. However, the share of today’s import and thus globally produced food doubles this spatial imprint.

    The results of this study show not only a strong influence of the consumption of meat and other animal products on the environmental imprint, but also great potential in the regional production of food. In the context of an increasing urban population, and thus additional billions of people who will live at an increasing distance from the agricultural production land, concern for the direct effects of our human food consumption can be of decisive importance for future sustainable food supply.

    List of papers
    1. Reconstructing Swedish Food Consumption from Hospital Diets after 1870
    Open this publication in new window or tab >>Reconstructing Swedish Food Consumption from Hospital Diets after 1870
    2004 (English)In: Ecology of Food and Nutrition, ISSN 0367-0244, Vol. 43, no 3, p. 149-179Article in journal (Refereed) Published
    Abstract [en]

    Food consumption is of great interest from an environmental point of view since different diets have a significant impact on space, water, and the use of other resources. This article studies the quantity and composition of food consumption in Sweden between 1870 and 2000. The primary material, consisting of historical hospital dietary regulations from 1871 to 1928, is introduced in detail and compared to other national investigations. The results show a distinctive increase in the consumption of meat, fish, vegetables, and fruits, with a parallel decrease in cereal and milk consumption. Strong regional patterns could be detected concerning the consumption of meat and fish. The data are compared to other national investigations and particularly to studies of German and Finnish food consumption in the late nineteenth and early twentieth century.

    Keywords
    Food consumption, Sweden, nineteenth and twentieth centuries, hospital diet
    National Category
    Food Science
    Identifiers
    urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-13349 (URN)10.1080/03670240490446786 (DOI)
    Available from: 2005-09-02 Created: 2005-09-02 Last updated: 2009-06-04
    2. Food Consumption and Nutrient Flows – Nitrogen in Sweden since the 1870s
    Open this publication in new window or tab >>Food Consumption and Nutrient Flows – Nitrogen in Sweden since the 1870s
    2006 (English)In: Journal of Industrial Ecology, ISSN 1088-1980, Vol. 10, no 4, p. 61-75Article in journal (Refereed) Published
    Abstract [en]

    Changes in food consumption and related processes have a significant impact on the flow of nitrogen in the environment. This study identifies both flows within the system and emissions to the hydrosphere and atmosphere. A case study of an average inhabitant of the city of Linköping, Sweden, covers the years 1870, 1900, 1950, and 2000 and includes changes in food consumption and processing, agricultural production, and organic waste handling practices. Emissions to the hydrosphere from organic waste handling increased from 0.57 kilograms of nitrogen per capita per year (kg N/cap per year) to 3.1 kg N/cap per year, whereas the total flow of nitrogen to waste deposits grew from a negligible amount to 1.7 kg N/cap per year. The largest flow of nitrogen during the entire period came from fodder. The input of chemical fertilizer rose gradually to a high level of 15 kg N/cap per year in the year 2000. The total load per capita disposed of to the environment decreased during these 130 years by about 30%.

    Keywords
    dynamic modeling, food production, industrial ecology, materials flow analysis (MFA), mathematical materials flow analysis (MMFA), substance flow analysis (SFA)
    National Category
    Oceanography, Hydrology and Water Resources
    Identifiers
    urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-13350 (URN)10.1162/jiec.2006.10.4.61 (DOI)
    Available from: 2005-09-02 Created: 2005-09-02 Last updated: 2018-01-13
    3. The Flow of Phosphorus in Food Production and Consumption: Linköping, Sweden, 1870-2000
    Open this publication in new window or tab >>The Flow of Phosphorus in Food Production and Consumption: Linköping, Sweden, 1870-2000
    Manuscript (Other academic)
    Identifiers
    urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-13351 (URN)
    Available from: 2005-09-02 Created: 2005-09-02 Last updated: 2010-01-13
    4. Recycling of Phosphorus in Urban Sweden: A historical overview to prepare a strategy for the future
    Open this publication in new window or tab >>Recycling of Phosphorus in Urban Sweden: A historical overview to prepare a strategy for the future
    2010 (English)In: Water Policy, ISSN 1366-7017, E-ISSN 1996-9759, Vol. 12, no 4, p. 611-624Article in journal (Refereed) Published
    Abstract [en]

    Sustainable sanitation and food security have been issues in all human history although named differently. This study describes the evolution of sanitation arrangements in the Swedish town Linkoping for the period 1870-2000. The flow of phosphorus from food consumption is estimated for the period and its output is divided into gainful reuse in agriculture and energy production and (harmful) losses to the hydrosphere and landfills. The rate of gainful reuse varies dramatically, from very high, up until the 1920s, followed by a drop to almost zero around 1950. Reuse was picking up since the introduction of a phosphorus removal unit at wastewater treatment plants and application of sludge in agriculture from the 1970s, but was followed by a sharp decline at the end of the 20th century. The results from Linkoping are applied to scenarios for Sweden as a whole and extended to some anticipated implications for the world in the years to come.

    Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
    IWA Publishing, 2010
    Keywords
    Food security, Material flow analysis, Phosphorus, Recycling, Reuse, Strategy, Sustainability, Sustainable sanitation, Sweden
    National Category
    Social Sciences
    Identifiers
    urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-13352 (URN)10.2166/wp.2009.165 (DOI)000280882100010 ()
    Available from: 2005-09-02 Created: 2005-09-02 Last updated: 2017-12-13
    5. Spatial Imprint of Food Consumption: A Historical Analysis for Sweden, 1870-2000
    Open this publication in new window or tab >>Spatial Imprint of Food Consumption: A Historical Analysis for Sweden, 1870-2000
    2005 (English)In: Human Ecology, ISSN 0300-7839, E-ISSN 1572-9915, Vol. 33, no 4, p. 565-580Article in journal (Refereed) Published
    Abstract [en]

    Depending on quantity and composition of food as well as on production conditions and techniques, the space needed to sustain an individual’s nourishment varies. The amount of space needed also depends on the use of resources such as energy, water, and fertilizers, as well as potential land degradation and water pollution. Our study focuses on the changing spatial imprint of an average inhabitant of an expanding Swedish city, Linköping, from 1870 to 2000 taking into account both shifts in consumption as well as agricultural productivity and practices. Despite the distinctly larger amount of animal food products, such as meat and fish, consumed in 2000, we calculate the area needed to sustain an individual’s annual food consumption could be less than one fourth of that needed in 1870. However, if the import of various globally produced foods is included in our calculations, the land needed to sustain the consumption of an inhabitant of Linköping in 2000 doubles. We also argue that an examination of this regional imprint can be used to explore and evaluate possibilities for regional development.

    Keywords
    spatial imprint, food consumption, nineteenth/twentieth century, Sweden, ecological footprint
    National Category
    Oceanography, Hydrology and Water Resources
    Identifiers
    urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-13353 (URN)10.1007/s10745-005-5160-3 (DOI)
    Available from: 2005-09-02 Created: 2005-09-02 Last updated: 2018-01-13Bibliographically approved
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  • 25.
    Schmid Neset, Tina-Simone
    Linköping University, The Tema Institute, Department of Water and Environmental Studies. Linköping University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences.
    Reconstructing Swedish Food Consumption from Hospital Diets after 18702004In: Ecology of Food and Nutrition, ISSN 0367-0244, Vol. 43, no 3, p. 149-179Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Food consumption is of great interest from an environmental point of view since different diets have a significant impact on space, water, and the use of other resources. This article studies the quantity and composition of food consumption in Sweden between 1870 and 2000. The primary material, consisting of historical hospital dietary regulations from 1871 to 1928, is introduced in detail and compared to other national investigations. The results show a distinctive increase in the consumption of meat, fish, vegetables, and fruits, with a parallel decrease in cereal and milk consumption. Strong regional patterns could be detected concerning the consumption of meat and fish. The data are compared to other national investigations and particularly to studies of German and Finnish food consumption in the late nineteenth and early twentieth century.

  • 26.
    Svensson, Teresia
    Linköping University, Department of Thematic Studies, Tema Environmental Change. Linköping University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences.
    Measurements and fluxes of volatile chlorinated organic compounds (VOCl) from natural terrestrial sources: Measurement techniques and spatio-temporal variability of flux estimates2019Report (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and especially chlorinated VOCs (VOCls) are regarded as en viron mental risk substances in water bodies due to their toxic characteristics. Even in the atmo­sphere they highly impact atmospheric chemistry, e.g. degrading the ozone layer. Several studies have convincingly identified a number of natural VOCl sources thereby challenging the view of VOCls as only produced by humans. Yet, fundamental knowledge is still missing concerning the emission, distribution and the natural abundance of VOCls, especially regarding the high spatial and temporal variability of emissions from terrestrial sources. In the nuclear industry, Cl­36 is a dose­dominating radionuclide in some waste, and this adds to the need to better understand the processes, transport and fate of chlorine in the bio sphere. In this report 38 studies on VOCl flux measurement estimates were reviewed to summarize the current knowledge on spatio­temporal variations of different VOCls and various measurement tech niques.

    Chloromethane is the most studied VOCl compound and chloroform, the second most studied. A few other studies have estimated fluxes of additional VOCls such as tetrachloromethane (CCl4), methyl chloroform (CH3CCl3), tetrachloroethane (C2H2Cl4), freons (CFCs), chloroethane (C2H5Cl), bromodichloromethane (CHBrCl2). Studies were conducted in climates and terrestrial ecosystems ranging from arctic tundra to tropical rainforest but most studies focus on the temperate climate region. Wetlands and coastal systems dominate the studied ecosystems. Flux chambers are the most common method for investigation of the soil­atmosphere exchange of VOCls, but a few studies used soil gas profiles and one the Relaxed Eddy Accumulation (REA) technique. Methodological uncer­tainties are mainly related to sample contamination, few replicates, chamber design, and chamber deployment (the time of measurement) effects on the soil­atmosphere exchange itself. Despite the many challenges in measuring VOCls and estimating the fluxes, a substantial part of the chlorine in terrestrial ecosystems, and especially from wetlands and coastal areas, is emitted to the atmosphere as VOCls. In inland forested ecosystems, the release of Cl to the atmosphere could be as much as 0.1 g m–2, which is 40 % of the wet deposition and there are studies that suggest that freshwater wetlands are much larger source of chlorine in the atmosphere than previously understood.

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  • 27.
    Svensson, Teresia
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Thematic Studies, Tema Environmental Change. Linköping University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences.
    Kylin, Henrik
    Linköping University, Department of Thematic Studies, Tema Environmental Change. Linköping University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences.
    Gustavsson, Malin
    Swedish Geotechnical Institute (SGI), Linköping, Sweden.
    Sandén, Per
    Linköping University, Department of Thematic Studies, Tema Environmental Change. Linköping University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences.
    Bastviken, David
    Linköping University, Department of Thematic Studies, Tema Environmental Change. Linköping University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences.
    Chlorine cycling and the fate of Cl in terrestrial environments2021In: Environmental Science and Pollution Research, ISSN 0944-1344, E-ISSN 1614-7499, Vol. 28, no 7, p. 7691-7709Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Chlorine (Cl) in the terrestrial environment is of interest from multiple perspectives, including the use of chloride as a tracer forwater flow and contaminant transport, organochlorine pollutants, Cl cycling, radioactive waste (radioecology; 36Cl is of largeconcern) and plant science (Cl as essential element for living plants).During the past decades, there has been a rapid developmenttowards improved understanding of the terrestrial Cl cycle. There is a ubiquitous and extensive natural chlorination of organicmatter in terrestrial ecosystems where naturally formed chlorinated organic compounds (Clorg) in soil frequently exceed theabundance of chloride. Chloride dominates import and export from terrestrial ecosystems while soil Clorg and biomass Cl candominate the standing stock Cl. This has important implications for Cl transport, as chloride will enter the Cl pools resulting inprolonged residence times. Clearly, these pools must be considered separately in future monitoring programs addressing Clcycling. Moreover, there are indications that (1) large amounts of Cl can accumulate in biomass, in some cases representing themain Cl pool; (2) emissions of volatile organic chlorines could be a significant export pathway of Cl and (3) that there is aproduction of Clorg in tissues of, e.g. plants and animals and that Cl can accumulate as, e.g. chlorinated fatty acids in organisms.Yet, data focusing on ecosystem perspectives and combined spatiotemporal variability regarding various Cl pools are still scarce,and the processes and ecological roles of the extensive biological Cl cycling are still poorly understood.

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  • 28.
    Wingård, David
    et al.
    Linköping University, The Tema Institute.
    Källman, Daniel
    Linköping University, The Tema Institute.
    Alla kan inte allt: en kvalitativ studie kring implementeringen av2008Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [sv]

    Sedan 2006 har myndigheter och kommuner i Sverige arbetat med att införa EU: s nya förordningar rörande livsmedelspolitik. Målet med dessa förordningar är att säkerställa säkra livsmedel för alla konsumenter inom EU. Begreppet säkra livsmedel bygger i sin tur på strategin från jord till bord där EU: s mål är att livsmedel ska behandlas på ett säkert sätt i hela produktionskedjan till försäljning. Det är i nuläget upp till varje medlemsstat att implementera, med implementering menas att politiska beslut förverkligas i förvaltningarna de nya lagarna och målet är att livsmedel ska vara lika säkra var man än befinner sig inom EU: s gränser. Uppsatsen syfte är att analysera hur långt implementeringen av Europalagstiftningen rörande livsmedel med fokus på utbildning och kunskap har kommit i en medelstor kommun i Sverige (Nyköping).

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  • 29.
    Wu, Richard Y.
    et al.
    Res Inst Hosp Sick Children, Canada; Univ Toronto, Canada.
    Botts, Steven R.
    Res Inst Hosp Sick Children, Canada.
    Johnson-Henry, Kathene C.
    Res Inst Hosp Sick Children, Canada; Univ Toronto, Canada.
    Landberg, Eva
    Linköping University, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Division of Cell Biology. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Region Östergötland, Center for Diagnostics, Department of Clinical Chemistry.
    Abrahamsson, Thomas
    Linköping University, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Division of Children's and Women's Health. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Region Östergötland, Center of Paediatrics and Gynaecology and Obstetrics, H.K.H. Kronprinsessan Victorias barn- och ungdomssjukhus.
    Sherman, Philip M.
    Res Inst Hosp Sick Children, Canada; Univ Toronto, Canada.
    Variations in the Composition of Human Milk Oligosaccharides Correlates with Effects on Both the Intestinal Epithelial Barrier and Host Inflammation: A Pilot Study2022In: Nutrients, E-ISSN 2072-6643, Vol. 14, no 5, article id 1014Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Background: Human milk oligosaccharides are complex, non-digestible carbohydrates that directly interact with intestinal epithelial cells to alter barrier function and host inflammation. Oligosaccharide composition varies widely between individual mothers, but it is unclear if this inter-individual variation has any impact on intestinal epithelial barrier function and gut inflammation. Methods: Human milk oligosaccharides were extracted from the mature human milk of four individual donors. Using an in vitro model of intestinal injury, the effects of the oligosaccharides on the intestinal epithelial barrier and select innate and adaptive immune functions were assessed. Results: Individual oligosaccharide compositions shared comparable effects on increasing transepithelial electrical resistance and reducing the macromolecular permeability of polarized (Caco-2Bbe1) monolayers but exerted distinct effects on the localization of the intercellular tight junction protein zona occludins-1 in response to injury induced by a human enteric bacterial pathogen Escherichia coli, serotype O157:H7. Immunoblots showed the differential effects of oligosaccharide compositions in reducing host chemokine interleukin 8 expression and inhibiting of p38 MAP kinase activation. Conclusions: These results provide evidence of both shared and distinct effects on the host intestinal epithelial function that are attributable to inter-individual differences in the composition of human milk oligosaccharides.

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  • 30.
    Yao, Mingfei
    et al.
    Zhejiang Univ, Peoples R China.
    Fei, Yiqiu
    Zhejiang Univ, Peoples R China.
    Zhang, Shuobo
    Zhejiang Univ, Peoples R China.
    Qiu, Bo
    Zhejiang Univ, Peoples R China.
    Zhu, Lian
    Hangzhou Med Coll, Peoples R China.
    Li, Fang
    Columbia Univ, NY 10032 USA.
    Berglund, Björn
    Linköping University, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Division of Inflammation and Infection. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences.
    Xiao, Hang
    Univ Massachusetts, MA 01003 USA.
    Li, Lanjuan
    Zhejiang Univ, Peoples R China; Jinan Microecol Biomed Shandong Lab, Peoples R China.
    Gut Microbiota Composition in Relation to the Metabolism of Oral Administrated Resveratrol2022In: Nutrients, E-ISSN 2072-6643, Vol. 14, no 5, article id 1013Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Resveratrol (RSV) has been confirmed to confer multiple health benefits, and the majority of RSV tends to be metabolized in the gut microbiota after oral administration. In this study, the metabolism of RSV was investigated by using mouse models with distinct gut microbiota compositions: germ-free mice colonized with probiotics, conventional mouse, and DSS-induced colitis mouse models. The results demonstrated that in feces, the metabolites of RSV, including resveratrol sulfate (RES-sulfate), resveratrol glucuronide (RES-glucuronide), and dihydroresveratrol, significantly increased after probiotics colonized in germ-free mice. Furthermore, RES-sulfate and RES-glucuronide were below the detectable limit in the feces of conventional mice, with dihydroresveratrol being the dominant metabolite. Compared to the conventional mice, the ratio of Firmicutes/Bacteroides and the abundance of Lactobacillus genera were found significantly elevated in colitis mice after long-term ingestion of RSV, which shifted the metabolism of RSV in return. Our study provided critical implications in further application of RSV in foods and food supplements.

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