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  • 1.
    Aaslund, Ulrika
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Economics.
    Larsson Jagbrant, Anna
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Economics.
    Nutida uppfattningar om svensk utrikespolitik: en diskursanalays av svenska politikers föreställningar om utrikespolitik idag2005Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Magister), 10 points / 15 hpStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    The purpose of our essay is to investigate the discourse of foreign policy from a Swedish perspective. In this essay we explore how Swedish politicians discuss the Swedish foreign policy of today and of the future. The study is based on interviews with seven members of The Advisory Council on Foreign Affairs of the Swedish Riksdag. The point of departure for our analysis of these members’ narratives is discourse analysis and discourse theory. In history Swedish foreign policy has been associated with neutrality and the work for important values such as human rights and disarmament. However, as a consequence of the development of a common foreign and security policy for Europe, there is a debate concerning what Swedish foreign policy is today. Furthermore, there is today an academic debate about how foreign policy is to be understood in a more and more internationalized world. This makes our study of the understanding of foreign policy of Swedish politicians highly legitimate.

    In our study we show that both unity and difference of opinion is present in the discourse of foreign policy that the interviewees give voice to. During our interviews we found that foreign policy was defined as relations between states and that the right of states to pursue foreign policy was commonly seen as derived from the thought that citizens of a state share a common identity. During the interviews it also became obvious that feelings of belonging to a certain group were thought to affect European foreign policy cooperation. To sum up the results of our study we conclude that a deeply rooted sense of identity seem to be very influential when it comes to the understanding of foreign policy.

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    FULLTEXT01
  • 2.
    Abbasian, Saeid
    et al.
    Sodertorn Univ, Sweden.
    Benyamine, Isak
    Stockholm Univ, Sweden.
    Lundberg, Anna
    Linköping University, Department of Thematic Studies, The Department of Gender Studies. Linköping University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences.
    Festival Venue that makes sense- A study of Skansen arena in Stockholm2021In: Cogent Social Sciences, E-ISSN 2331-1886, Vol. 7, no 1, article id 1886652Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The purpose of this study is to investigate how the open-air museum of Skansen in Stockholm as venue for celebration of Persian Fire Festival is assessed by the festivals visitors. The study is based on a delimited part of a larger online survey with 280 completed questionnaires including both close-ended and open-ended questions, and a qualitative thematic analysis method has been used in this paper. The results show a high level of appreciation of the Skansen venue that gives the visitors positive emotions, meanings, place attachment, place identity and a sense of place. Contributing factors have been the high status of the venue that has given the visitors pride and dignity; security and safety of the venue; size of the venue; and the natural beauty of the venue. The most important disadvantage factor has been the lack of accessibility combined with lack of sufficient public transport. The results have implications for the Swedish society, for the policy makers in Stockholm city and for both the host and the organiser of the festival and gives rise to new debates on immigrants socio-cultural integration into Swedish society. This paper gives a contribution to existing literature on festival venue and its impact on the visitors overall assessment of the festival.

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  • 3.
    Abdi, Allan
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Political Science.
    Tunisiens tillfälliga övergångsregim 2011: En teorikonsumerande fallstudie av politiska aktörers betydelse för övergången till demokratiskt styre2018Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    According to The Economist Democracy Index, Tunisia was at 2.79 during 2010 and by the end of 2011 they had climbed up to 5.53. Therefore Tunisia entered a new category, called hybrid regime. This was a step closer to a more democratic regime. Rustow Dankwart, Shain Yossi and Linz J. Juan would say that the interim government and the political actors within it had a significant impact on Tunisias increase in democracy index. Therefore the aim of this study took the shape of a theory consuming case study. The purpose of the study was to analyze the political actors and the interim government importance during the Tunisian democratic transition, with the delimitation to the year 2011. The results firstly showed us the categorization hardliners within the authoritarian coalition in combination with radicals in the oppositional coalition. During the second interim government the categorization changes from hardliners to softliners. During the third, we see a glint of moderates within the opposition. Secondly, the results showed us that there is evidence of an opposition-led, power-sharing and incumbent-led caretaker regime in Tunisia. The study discusses two conclusions about political actors during the transition. Firstly, the importance of radicals within the opposition and secondly the importance of the authoritarian coalition changing from hardliners to softliners, which allowed the country to transition. Within the categorization of the interim government we have come to the conclusion that the opposition-led government played a significant role in the Tunisian transition.

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  • 4.
    Abdulhamidova, Nurangez
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering.
    The European Union-Central Asia: in the light of the New Strategy2009Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (Two Years)), 20 credits / 30 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Central Asia is a region strategically located on the crossroads of the two continents. The region is represented by five states (Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan) with different level of economic development and with the population amounting to over 60 million people. The region is rich in energy resources, represented by oil, gas, coal and hydropower resources.

    The thesis analyses, assesses and scrutinises one of the topical issues of the contemporary international relations - cooperation between the European Union and Central Asian states before and after adoption in June 2007 of the ‘European Union and Central Asia: Strategy for a New Partnership’, an important political document in the history of relations between the two parties.

    The new stage of cooperation is analysed more comprehensively accentuating priorities set in the Strategy. Analysis of the current state of affairs is conducted concerning some important issues of the Strategy related to regional cooperation between Central Asian states, such as integrated water management and development of hydro-energy system, issues of diversification of hydrocarbons supply routes from the region to Europe and provision of energy security, etc.

    Issues of cooperation between the European Union and Tajikistan are analysed as a case study. State of affairs between some of the European Union member-states and Central Asian countries is characterised.

    The thesis also scrutinises other regional/international actors engaged in cooperation with Central Asia (such as China, Russia, the US, Shanghai Cooperation Organisation, etc.) and their potential for interaction with the European Union for more effective joint solution of the problems existing in the region is assessed.

    In the conclusion, development of cooperation between the European Union and Central Asian states is scrutinised, the problems and their possible solutions in this regard are analysed, and the recommendations for increasing effectiveness of cooperation between the two parties are presented.

    The European Union’s foreign policy in Central Asia is interpreted from perspective of the theories of international relations namely neorealism, neoliberalism and constructivism in the end of every chapter.

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    The European Union-Central Asia : in the light of the New Strategy
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    COVER01
  • 5.
    Abdulhamidova, Nurangez
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering.
    The European Union-Central Asia: in the light of the New Strategy2009Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (Two Years)), 20 credits / 30 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Central Asia is a region strategically located at the crossroads of the two continents: Asia and Europe. The region is represented by five states (Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan) with different level of economic development and with the population amounting to over 60 million people. The region is rich in energy resources represented by oil, gas, coal and water resources.

    The thesis analyses, assesses and scrutinises one of the topical issues of the contemporary international relations - cooperation between the European Union and Central Asian states before and after adoption in June 2007 of the ‘European Union and Central Asia: Strategy for a New Partnership’,  an important political document in the history of relations between the two parties.

    The new stage of cooperation is analysed more comprehensively accentuating priorities set in the Strategy. Analysis of the current state of affairs is conducted concerning some important issues of the Strategy related to regional cooperation between Central Asian states, such as integrated water management and development of hydro-energy system, issues of diversification of hydrocarbons supply routes from the region to Europe and provision of energy security, etc.

    Issues of cooperation between the European Union and Tajikistan are analysed as a case study. State of affairs between the Central Asian states and the European Union Member States actively cooperating with these countries is characterised.

    The thesis also scrutinises other regional/international actors engaged in cooperation with Central Asia (such as China, Russia, the US, Shanghai Cooperation Organisation, etc.) and their potential for interaction with the European Union for more effective joint solution of the problems existing in the region is assessed.

    In the conclusion, development of cooperation between the European Union and Central Asian states is scrutinised, the problems and their possible solutions in this regard are analysed, and the recommendations for increasing effectiveness of cooperation between the two parties are presented.

    The European Union’s policy in Central Asia is interpreted from perspective of the theories of international relations namely neorealism, neoliberalism and constructivism in the research.

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    The European Union-Central Asia: in the light of the New Strategy
  • 6.
    Adolfsson, Tim
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Political Science.
    Eriksson, Adam
    Den mediala diskursordningen i förändring: En jämförande kritisk diskursanalys av medias framställning av Sverigedemokraterna.2019Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    The Sweden democrats has for a long time been labelled as a racist party in swedish media. Due to the problems related to the members of the party in the 90s, where members were subject to criminal actions and racist scandals, the media had focus on the racist actions and labelled the party as a racist party therefore. How does the discourse present itself today? The purpose is to make a comparative study between the year 2014 and 2018/2019 and to research if the discourse surrounding the sweden democrats has changed during this time. Relevance for the study is how we discover, categorize and give the discourses names that helps us and also the reader to understand the process about how the media picture Sweden democrats. Our method is a comparative critical discourse analysis that we are going to use on articles published in the two largest newspapers in sweden, Aftonbladet and Expressen. We will locate the surrounding discourses from 2014 at first and then locate what kind of discourses is surrounding the party in 2018/2019. The main discourse from 2014 is the racist discourse, it´s present in nearly every article we analyse. With the racist discourse, the big difference is that the discourse is changing. When we look upon 2018/2019, new discourses take place, the new discourses we locate it’s the right populism-, scandal- and normalization discourse, the rasism discourse is still present but not so extensive as during 2014. During 2014 the racism discourse depends on the scandal discourse, this changes significant, the scandal discourse is no longer in 2018/2019 dependent on the racism discourse, but it acutally transforms into its own discourse. The focus on racism is almost gone and new scandals take place instead. In combination with the normalization discourse we can se that there has been a change, actually a big change in the media discourse surrounding the Sweden democrats.

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    Den mediala diskursordningen i förändring
  • 7.
    Adscheid, Toni
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department for Studies of Social Change and Culture, Centre for Municipality Studies – CKS. Linköping University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences.
    Schmitt, Peter
    Stockholm Univ, Sweden.
    Mobilising post-political environments: tracing the selective geographies of Swedish sustainable urban development2021In: Urban Research and Practice, ISSN 1753-5069, E-ISSN 1753-5077, Vol. 14, no 2, p. 117-137Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    This paper develops an analytical framework from which to understand the mobilisation of post-political urban environments across spatial and institutional contexts. Our analysis of two closely related cases from a Swedish context reveals the potential benefits of combining studies on urban political ecology and policy mobility. By utilising Actor-Network Theory (ANT) we illustrate how post-political environments that are shaped by mobile and mutating policies of sustainable urban development are stabilised through distinct discursive strategies, capital investments and the desire for increased influence within global frames of action and contribute to the creation of, what we call, selective geographies.

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    fulltext
  • 8.
    Aghaie Joobani, Hossein
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering. Linköping University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences.
    Meta-Geopolitics of Central Asia: A Comparative Study of the Regional Influence of the European Union and the Shanghai Co-operation Organization2013Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (Two Years)), 20 credits / 30 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Central Asia has been the focal point of intense geopolitical power struggle throughout history. At the dawn of the 21st century, Central Asia has undergone major changes as the European Union and the China-led Shanghai Co-operation Organization have emerged as two normative powers, both seeking to influence the patterns of security governance in the region. This study aims to delve deep into ‘the black boxes’ of the EU’s and China’s foreign policies toward five CA republics. It starts from the premise that the bulk of research on Eurasian politics tend to concentrate mostly on realist and traditional geopolitical doctrine, which seem to have failed to properly explain the normative and ideational transformations that have taken place in the region as a result of the presence of these two emerging normative agents. By interweaving both realist and constructivist theories of International Relations (IR) into a new all-encompassing analytical framework, termed “meta-geopolitics”, the thesis seeks to trace and examine how geopolitical as well as normative components of the EU and Chinese regional strategies have affected the contemporary power dynamics in the post-Soviet space. I argue that, in contrast to the geopolitical struggle during the 19th and 20th centuries, a clash of normative powers is brewing in the region between China, under the aegis of the SCO, and the EU. The research also concludes that China has relatively been in a better position in comparison to the EU to render its policies as feasible, effective and legitimate to the Central Asian states. 

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  • 9.
    Akgüç, Mehtap
    et al.
    CEPS, Bruxelles, Belgien.
    Martišková, Monika
    Central European Labour Studies Institute, Bratislava, Slovakien.
    Szüdi, Gábor
    Central European Labour Studies Institute, Bratislava, Slovakien.
    Nordlund, Carl
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, The Institute for Analytical Sociology, IAS.
    Stakeholders’ views on and experiences with the articulation of social dialogue and its effectiveness2019Report (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    Bringing together five consortium partners, the EESDA project, implemented during 2017-2019, advances the current knowledge and expertise on the articulation of social dialogue in Europe and its effectiveness. It studies the ways in which social dialogue at different levels functions and the channels through which EU-level social dialogue - across and within sectors – affects the actors, decisions and outcomes at national and sub-national level, and vice versa. Research conducted within the EESDA project includes an assessment of social dialogue articulation between national and European level across 27 EU member states by means of desk research, an online survey among national social partners and interviews with EU-level social partners as well as other national stakeholders. It then concentrates on the effectiveness of social dialogue in six EU Member States (i.e. Estonia, Ireland, France, Portugal, Slovakia and Sweden – with distinct industrial relations models and traditions) and four sectors (i.e. construction, commerce, education and healthcare, with a focus on a specific occupation in each sector). Findings from interviews, case studies and discourse analysis are completed using network analysis that sets out to visualise and reveal strong and weak ties between different actors and to draw lessons for experiences and best practices in other sectors and countries. The analysis considers efforts that have a direct and indirect impact on social dialogue, such as EU Directives, Autonomous Agreements, Framework of Actions, joint projects, joint statements or programme funding.

  • 10.
    Akouri, Elie
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Political Science.
    Styrmodeller, etiska utmaningar och migrationspolitiska dilemman: En kritisk fallstudie om den syriska flyktingsituationen i Libanon, etiska begränsningar och internationell inblandning2019Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (Two Years)), 20 credits / 30 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    This paper is characterized as a critical case study aimed to scrutinize the continuous situation regarding Syrian refugees in Lebanon from an ethical theoretical approach. Mainly, two specific theoretical models regarding ethics in migration and a theoretical standpoint regarding ethics in migration are presented as the theoretical and scientific framework. Arash Abizadeh’s two models, known as the state sovereignty model and the liberal model are implemented in order to understand and to pinpoint the course of the Lebanese situation. Additional, Joseph Carens’ theory concerning ethics in migration is implemented parallel with the two models, to enhance the analytical tools and to introduce a normative perspective. Regarding the empirical result, three distinct perspectives are utilized in order to cope with the situation on a fair and nuanced ground. The Syrian refugees themselves, international involvement and the Lebanese government are presented as the empirical pathways throughout this paper.

    Concluding results of this paper tends to pinpoint uncertainty and unawareness to be the key factors in explaining the actions of the Lebanese government. Based on the theoretical framework presented in this paper, there is an established tendency to conclude that Syrian refugees has not been treated accordingly to ethical concepts. Because of the distinct ideal differences between the two theoretical models, the results tend to be more evident. The Lebanese government has initially tended to affiliate itself with the liberal model. However, as time has progressed the government has acted accordingly to the state sovereignty model, with not acknowledging ethical limitations in its decision making. While remaining in the grasp of the state sovereignty model, the government and the civil society has begun lighting sparks in actions that have been taken. These actions tend to recognize ethical limitations, thus moving Lebanon towards the liberal model, but far from being completely implemented. In summary, Lebanon’s situation has brought it to a tendency to conduct temporary policies in an increasingly permanent situation.

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  • 11.
    Al alaf, Sarem
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering.
    Den Nordirländska etnonationalismen: En polariserande kraft i samhället2020Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Since the Irish island was partitioned in the 20th century general civil unrest has been constantly present. This has led to Northern Ireland being a segregated society and to some degree, this continues even today. During the 60’s up to the 90’s violence was widespread.Paramilitaries committed acts of violence and terror against each other and civilians were often the victims. The conflict is perpetuated by two blocs in Northern Irish society. These blocs have historically been defined by sectarian identities; this remains to this date to some extent. However, these identity boundaries have expanded to things beyond christianity. Today class, income and other various types of communities factor into the creation of individual identity. Because of this change, the use of a common history has slowly become irrelevant to modern day catholics or protestants in Northern Ireland. Instead of the previous injustices committed against the group in question, general socio-economic issues are central. Religion, identity and politics in Northern Ireland go hand in hand. As many other states around the world, the state in Northern Ireland is separated from the church. Despite this, christian communities, both catholic and protestant, are deeply involved in policy creation. Parliamentary politics are tied to sectarian and societal identity also. Surveys have shown that voters usually vote within their communities. It is rare for catholics to vote for loyalist protestant parties and vice versa. Ethnic nationalism in Northern Ireland takes a different shape today. The armed volunteers inparamilitary groups have been substituted by career politicians that use democratic means to further the political struggle. There are two main actors behind the loyalist and republican movements in contemporary Northern Irish society, the DUP and Sinn Féin. These parties try to move away from violent extremism through politicizing the ethnonationalist movements that is republicanism and loyalism. This change is thanks to a difference in many aspects of humansocialization in Northern Ireland. Individuals have a new way of viewing their identities and communities.

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  • 12.
    Algotson, Albin
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Political Science. Linköping University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences.
    Entrepreneurial Logic in Public Administration: A Bull in a China Shop or a Wolf in Sheep’s Clothing?2024Report (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    As more and more policy problems are framed and understood as wicked, complex, and unmanageable, public administrators are supposed to act like entrepreneurs in search of creative ways to solve or handle a public problem. As a result, an entrepreneurial logic seems to be established in government administration. This paper aims to describe – but first and foremost to encourage a critical discussion about – the consequences of entrepreneurial logic. The concluding arguments are twofold. First, the entrepreneurial logic could be seen as a “bull in a china shop”, turning established orders upside down. Although the entrepreneurial logic is institutionalized in specific policy areas, it represents a fundamental break with local governments’ still dominant, bureaucratic-rational logic. Second, the entrepreneurial logic is like “a wolf in sheep’s clothing”. The entrepreneurial logic appears attractive to legitimacy-seeking organizations, being associated with creativity, development, and growth. However, it risks undermining fundamental bureaucratic values, as well as the institutional pillars of representative democracy. 

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  • 13. Order onlineBuy this publication >>
    Algotson, Albin
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Political Science. Linköping University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences.
    Entreprenöriell förvaltning: Om den lokala utvecklingspolitikens förvaltningslogik2022Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    This thesis aims to deepen the understanding of entrepreneurship as an ideal and practice in local government administration. Organization, practices and the roles of civil servants in public administration are all grounded in certain ideals of what a modern public administration should look like. In order to capture the relationship between ideals and practices in local government administration, this introductory essay takes its point of departure in an institutional logic perspective.

    Entrepreneurial practices are well documented in a public administration context. Both civil servants and organizations can be more or less creative, alert and energetic, in other words more or less entrepreneurial. However, practices such as these are often understood to derive from the motives, driving forces and extraordinary characteristics of the specific actor. By contrast, this thesis aims to contribute to the literature on public administrative trends and reforms, by discussing entrepreneurship in terms of institutionalized ideals and patterns of action, i.e., institutional logics.

    The analysis is based on empirical studies of local development work in ten Swedish municipalities. The research design is grounded in an interpretative ethnographic approach and the development projects in each of the municipalities were closely followed for three years. Local development work is studied as a policy field where entrepreneurial ideals and practices are likely to arise, making it a suitable subject for studies that aim to deepen the theoretical understanding of entrepreneurship in a public administration context.

    The thesis demonstrates how an entrepreneurial logic is institutionalized in local government development work and embedded in governance and administrative practices as a natural consequence of certain contemporary reforms and trends in local policy and administration.Through ethnographic studies of local development work, the ideals and practices of the entrepreneurial logic are made visible. The entrepreneurial logic is contrasted to the still prevalent and institutionalized bureaucratic- rational administrative logic. These two logics are in many respects the logical opposite of one another and provide different answers to the question of which administrative practices are appropriate.

    The thesis makes three contributions to different theoretical discussions. First, the clarification of the entrepreneurial logic helps both researchers and practitioners make sense of and bring conceptual order to the messy practices of local development work.

    Second, the entrepreneurial logic expands the concept of entrepreneurship in a public sector context by viewing entrepreneurship as an institutional phenomenon rather than a phenomenon that represents a break from traditional institutions.

    Third, the entrepreneurial logic sheds light on institutionalized administrative ideals and practices that potentially imply major changes in public administration legitimacy, values and norms.

    List of papers
    1. The legitimacy of political entrepreneurs in networks: lessons from local development projects in swedish municipalities
    Open this publication in new window or tab >>The legitimacy of political entrepreneurs in networks: lessons from local development projects in swedish municipalities
    2018 (English)In: Governance and political entrepreneurship in Europe: promoting growth and welfare in times of crisis / [ed] Charlie Karlsson, Charlotte Silander, Daniel Silander, Cheltenham, UK: Edward Elgar Publishing, 2018, 1, p. 229-253Chapter in book (Other academic)
    Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
    Cheltenham, UK: Edward Elgar Publishing, 2018 Edition: 1
    Keywords
    political entrepreneurship, legitimacy, network governance, Politiskt entreprenörskap, Kommuner, Sverige
    National Category
    Public Administration Studies
    Identifiers
    urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-150154 (URN)9781788112758 (ISBN)
    Available from: 2018-08-14 Created: 2018-08-14 Last updated: 2022-04-04Bibliographically approved
    2. Legitimacy of uncertain policy work: Exploring values in local economic development projects
    Open this publication in new window or tab >>Legitimacy of uncertain policy work: Exploring values in local economic development projects
    2020 (English)In: Local Economy, ISSN 0269-0942, E-ISSN 1470-9325, Vol. 35, no 5, p. 440-459Article in journal (Refereed) Published
    Abstract [en]

    This article takes the standpoint that, due to high levels of uncertainty, local economic development work suffers from both input- and output-based legitimacy. Nevertheless, local governments are active development agents and try to come up with economic development initiatives. In order to better understand the legitimate basis for uncertain economic development work, this article offers an unconventional analysis of economic development projects. Drawing on scholars of organization theory, legitimacy is defined as congruence in values between the studied projects and the stakeholders in the surrounding environment. The article examines what kinds of values pervade local governments’ economic development projects. The empirical material is based on thick interview and observation data derived from a study of eight local development projects in Sweden. The results show that values of professionalization and deliberation pervade the analysed projects. Taking the two sets of values together, the results indicate that local government administration seeks to legitimize its economic development work as being based on professional directed processes of public deliberation. Both these sets of values challenge the local representative democratic system of government as the prime source of the legitimacy of local governments’ interventions.

    Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
    Sage Publications, 2020
    Keywords
    legitimacy, local economic development, local government, policymaking, values
    National Category
    Public Administration Studies
    Identifiers
    urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-168968 (URN)10.1177/0269094220953199 (DOI)000565900800001 ()2-s2.0-85090207281 (Scopus ID)
    Available from: 2020-09-04 Created: 2020-09-04 Last updated: 2022-10-28Bibliographically approved
    3. Understanding Political Entrepreneurship in Local Government Administration: a Contextual Framework
    Open this publication in new window or tab >>Understanding Political Entrepreneurship in Local Government Administration: a Contextual Framework
    2019 (English)In: Lex Localis, ISSN 1581-5374, E-ISSN 1855-363X, Vol. 17, no 3, p. 643-658Article in journal (Refereed) Published
    Abstract [en]

    It has been argued that political entrepreneurship is playing an increased role for public organizations and play a vital role in local government organizations. Political entrepreneurship has previously been studied from the motivations and actions of the individual entrepreneur. We argue that in order to understand why political entrepreneurship occurs in local public administration, these aspects are not enough. Instead, we need to consider entrepreneurship as situated, and analyse contextual conditions which form institutional demands for political entrepreneurship. A tentative framework is presented, which distinguish conditions coming from reformed organizational setting and conditions coming from new policy challenges. Finally, we conclude that the character of the conditions and thus the institutional demands directs political entrepreneurship towards either value-generative or collaborative entrepreneurship.

    Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
    Maribor: Institute for Local Self-Government Maribor, 2019
    Keywords
    political entrepreneurship, local government, public administrators, institutional demands, situated agency
    National Category
    Public Administration Studies
    Identifiers
    urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-159526 (URN)10.4335/17.3.643-658(2019) (DOI)000477968600012 ()
    Available from: 2019-08-12 Created: 2019-08-12 Last updated: 2021-12-20
    4. Conceptualizing local development practitioners: creators, coordinators or inside lobbyists?
    Open this publication in new window or tab >>Conceptualizing local development practitioners: creators, coordinators or inside lobbyists?
    2021 (English)In: Urban Governance, ISSN 2664-3286, Vol. 1, no 1, p. 30-37Article in journal (Refereed) Published
    Abstract [en]

    Local development practitioners in local government administration play a significant role in the governance of local development. This category of public officials – development officers, managers, strategists, secretaries, etc. – have received some attention in the local development literature. However, the directions in the literature are just as varied as the descriptions of the different aspects of local development governance they are taking part in. That means that the overarching understanding of what local development practitioners actually do is blurred, and is left to detailed case studies with very little or no conceptual ambition. Against this backdrop, the ambition of this article is to grasp what the local development practitioner role consists of at a conceptual level.

    This article offers a better understanding of what local development practitioner roles in particular consist of and how these roles relate to existing theories of governance and public administration. In order to do so, we first clarify and refine what the literature has stressed about local development practitioners’ roles and functions, and cluster the findings into three theoretically separated roles: the coordinator, the creator and the inside lobbyist. Second, we bridge these roles with recent trends in public administration research. Finally, we discuss how this conceptualization informs us about governance modes of local development, as well as ‘new and modern’ public official roles in local government administration.

    Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
    Elsevier, 2021
    National Category
    Public Administration Studies
    Identifiers
    urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-181945 (URN)10.1016/j.ugj.2021.10.002 (DOI)
    Available from: 2021-12-20 Created: 2021-12-20 Last updated: 2022-09-28Bibliographically approved
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  • 14.
    Algotson, Albin
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Political Science. Linköping University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences.
    Ekholm, David
    Linköping University, Department of Culture and Society, Division of Social Work. Linköping University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences. Linköping University, Department of Culture and Society, Centre for Local Government Studies.
    Kommunal styrning av folkhälsoarbete: I spänningsfältet mellan operativt och strategiskt arbete2024Report (Other academic)
    Abstract [sv]

    Denna rapport handlar om villkor och förutsättningar för folkhälsoarbete i svenska kommuner. Kommunernas roll i folkhälsopolitiken är komplex, föränderlig och saknar tydlig reglering. Samtidigt som rollen är oklar, ansvarar kommunerna för mycket av det som påverkar befolkningens hälsa, såsom skola och utbildning, sociala verksamheter, fritid och stadsplanering. Dessutom möter Sveriges kommuner idag ökade förväntningar när det kommer till att hantera en tilltagande ojämlikhet i hälsa bland barn och unga. I rapporten undersöks de institutionella och organisatoriska villkor som påverkar kommunernas folkhälsoarbete genom en fallstudie av Generation Peps pilotprojekt Pep Kommun.

    Pep Kommun är ett pilotprojekt initierat av Generation Pep, en icke-vinstdrivande organisation. Pilotprojektet syftar till att utveckla och testa insatser för att främja barns och ungas hälsa i sex kommuner. Genom fokusgruppsintervjuer med deltagare från de sex deltagande kommunerna nås en djupare förståelse för de spänningar och ibland skiftande logiker som formar villkoren för hur lokalt folkhälsoarbete kan bedrivas.

    Rapporten visar på en klyfta mellan det strategiska, kommunövergripande arbetet som Pep Kommun haft för ambition att utveckla, och det operativa arbetet med framförallt barn och unga som bedrivs inom ramen för kommunernas välfärdsarbete med skola, fritid och social verksamhet. Framför allt identifieras utmaningar i att implementera och utveckla lokala arbetsformer för folkhälsoarbete i relation till den sektoriserade förvaltningen. Denna utmaning förstås som en spänning mellan den traditionella och sektoriserade välfärdspolitiken visavi den tvärsektoriella folkhälsopolitiken.

    Resultaten innebär inte att tvärsektoriellt och strategiskt folkhälsoarbete är helt skilt ifrån det sektoriserade välfärdsarbetet. Men det innebär att olika delar av kommunal verksamhet med bäring på barn och ungas hälsa vilar på olika traditioner, olika former för styrning, olika professionell kunskap liksom skilda organisatoriska och politiska kontexter. Detta behöver hanteras för att ett tvärsektoriellt och kommungemensamt folkhälsoarbete ska kunna utvecklas.

    Avslutningsvis diskuteras behovet av att förstå den lokala kontexten som en dynamisk spelplan liksom vikten av att hantera förändring istället för att etablera en fixerad ordning för lokalt folkhälsoarbete. Vi menar också att det krävs ett kontinuerligt arbete att skapa klarhet kring vad kommunerna vill med sitt folkhälsoarbete (exempelvis i form av medverkan i Pep Kommun). Därtill menar vi att en större konceptuell klarhet kring vad kommunalt folkhälsoarbete är och förväntas vara måste utvecklas i dialog mellan statliga myndigheter, regioner och kommuner.

    Sammanfattningsvis bidrar rapporten med kunskap om villkor och förutsättning för folkhälsoarbete på kommunal nivå genom att peka på centrala institutionella och organisatoriska spänningar. Samtidigt pekar rapporten på att det finns ett stort behov av att fortsatt – i framtida praktiknära forskning – utveckla förståelsen för lokalt folkhälsoarbete genom att integrera kunskap om interventioner och medicinska aspekter av hälsa, med kontextuell och implementeringsinriktad kunskap om folkhälsoarbetets kommunala styrning och organisering.

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  • 15.
    Algotson, Albin
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Political Science. Linköping University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences. Linköping University, Department of Culture and Society, Centre for Local Government Studies.
    Svensson, Petra
    Halmstad University, Halmstad, Sweden.
    Conceptualizing local development practitioners: creators, coordinators or inside lobbyists?2021In: Urban Governance, ISSN 2664-3286, Vol. 1, no 1, p. 30-37Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Local development practitioners in local government administration play a significant role in the governance of local development. This category of public officials – development officers, managers, strategists, secretaries, etc. – have received some attention in the local development literature. However, the directions in the literature are just as varied as the descriptions of the different aspects of local development governance they are taking part in. That means that the overarching understanding of what local development practitioners actually do is blurred, and is left to detailed case studies with very little or no conceptual ambition. Against this backdrop, the ambition of this article is to grasp what the local development practitioner role consists of at a conceptual level.

    This article offers a better understanding of what local development practitioner roles in particular consist of and how these roles relate to existing theories of governance and public administration. In order to do so, we first clarify and refine what the literature has stressed about local development practitioners’ roles and functions, and cluster the findings into three theoretically separated roles: the coordinator, the creator and the inside lobbyist. Second, we bridge these roles with recent trends in public administration research. Finally, we discuss how this conceptualization informs us about governance modes of local development, as well as ‘new and modern’ public official roles in local government administration.

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  • 16.
    Alkusaibati, Wael
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Science and Technology, Communications and Transport Systems. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering. Linköping University, Center for Advanced Research in Emergency Response (CARER).
    Pilemalm, Sofie
    Linköping University, Department of Science and Technology, Communications and Transport Systems. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering. Linköping University, Center for Advanced Research in Emergency Response (CARER).
    Digitalized Co-production of Emergency Response: Dispatch and On-Site Work by Volunteer First Responders2024In: Information Technology in Disaster Risk Reduction: (ITDRR 2023 2023) / [ed] Dugdale, J., Gjøsæter, T., Uchida,O., 2024, p. 20-37Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Using volunteers as first responders in frequent emergencies has during the recent decade received increased attention from research and practice. In this study, we focus on the ICT dispatch of volunteer first responders, and their onsite work and collaboration, e.g., as to ICT dispatch, response rates, response times, time-on-site, and tasks performed. We use incident reports filled in by the volunteers and the theoretical lens of digitalized co-production. The results point at a positive effect of using volunteers as first responders, e.g., shortened response times and concrete contributions in most cases, indicating cost-effectiveness. The ICT for dispatch, however, is a challenging part of the co-production, lacking above all, in geofencing, but also in functionality for dynamic resource allocation. Most of the volunteers are willing to contribute to large-scale crisis management, making them a future useful resource in this context. Implications for digitalized co-production are discussed.

  • 17.
    Allard, Anders L.
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Economics.
    Medborgerligt deltagande bland marginaliserade grupper2000Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Magister)Student thesis
    Abstract [sv]

    Att vissa grupper deltar på samhällets olika arenor i lägre utsträckning än andra, är tämligen klarlagt. Detta kan betraktas som ett demokratiproblem. Mitt sätt att angripa problemet är att studera dem som trots allt deltar från dessa så kallade marginaliserade grupper. Tanken är att härigenom finna ledtrådar till hur medborgerligt deltagande kan uppstå och vilka effekter det i så fall får. Huvudsakligt studieobjekt för uppsatsen är ett ombyggnadsprojekt (Ringdansen) i Norrköpingsförorten Navestad. Det deltagardemokratiska teoriperspektivet, som betonar att samhället ska fyllas av medborgerligt inflytande och deltagande, utgör en viktig referenspunkt i utformning och analys av uppsatsens data. En vilja att delta måste, för vem det än gäller, finnas vid ett frivilligt engagemang. Denna vilja uppstår lättare under vissa förutsättningar. För grupper som deltar i relativt låg grad bör särskild hänsyn tas för att skapa en gynnsam miljö. De i min studie uppdagade förutsättningarna av vikt är att deltagandet: (1) upplevs beröra frågor med direkt betydelse (ofta vardagsnära), (2) har sitt ursprung i en mänsklig kontaktyta, (3) kan utövas i närheten av hemmet, (4) sker i kollektiv form, (5) inte är allt för komplicerat. Initiativtagarna, i det här fallet ett bostadsbolag, har således en viktig möjliggöranderoll, där även förtroende spelar in. Deltagarna i Ringdansprojektet, framför allt de resursbegränsade, har förbättrat följande medborgerliga resurser: självtilltro, tolerans/kritisk rationalism, samhällsintresse/delaktighet och gemenskap. Detta i något av en positiv kedjereaktion. Det visar sig att individuella förutsättningar, arbetsformer och nivån på deltagandearenan har inverkan på vilka effekter som infinner sig. En rad frågetecken kvarstår, bl.a. gällande beständigheten i effekterna, men som helhet anser jag att de positiva resultaten berättigar ökade satsningar på möjliggörande av medborgerligt deltagande bland marginaliserade grupper.

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  • 18.
    Almgren, Karl
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering.
    Hur skulle EU:s gemensamma jordbrukspolitik påverkas av ett EU-medlemskap för Ukraina?2023Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    This paper aim to analyze how a Ukrainian membership in the European Union will affect the EU’s agriculture policy and if the Common Agriculture Policy (CAP) needs to implement new reforms to deal with Ukraine’s possible connection. The method which used is a combination of qualitative text analysis a qualitative interview study. The results tell that the entrance of Ukraine will affect EU’s agriculture policy mainly through the economic aspect,that the agriculture support needs to increase which will affect the rest of the member statesas their payments to the EU also need to increase. Depending on when Ukraine accesses the EU, reforms of the current CAP would be preferably, alternatively a parallel CAP which aim to prepare Ukraine for the entrance to the EU’s internal market. The conclusions are that Ukraine’s accession to the EU will affect its agriculture politics, mainly through economics aspects and that the CAP would need reforms, mainly in purpose to reach the goals of a greener agriculture production and to adjust Ukraine to the EU:s regulations. 

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  • 19.
    Almgren, Richard
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering. Green Business AB.
    Näringslivets insatser på miljöområdet: För Naturvårdsverket2015Report (Other academic)
    Abstract [sv]

    Uppdraget för denna rapport har varit att beskriva näringslivets insatser på miljöområdet med avseende på vilka miljöfrågor som näringslivet prioriterar, hur företagen organiserar sina insatser och vilka verktyg de använder för att förbättra sin miljöprestanda, hur de ser på några vanliga statliga styrmedel, vilka som är de viktigaste drivkrafterna och hindren till förbättrad miljöprestanda samt att även blicka utanför Sveriges gränser.

    Generationsperspektivet, ungefär 3-års cykler, på miljöfrågorna innebär att det ofta tar lång tid innan ett miljöproblem uppenbarar sig som ett problem. Likaså tar det ofta lång tid att åtgärda upptäckta problem med hänsyn till att de ofta kräver omställningar med nya tekniska lösningar, som inte alltid finns till hands, och som också behöver inför as brett i näringslivet.

    När det gäller den första frågan om vilka de viktigaste miljöfrågorna är för näringslivets del visar denna studie att det främst gäller klimatfrågan och produkternas miljöaspekter i ett värdekedjeperspektiv. Båda frågorna är globala till sin karaktär. De studerade företagen har hög beredskap och har redan påbörjat arbetet att för svensk del bidra till att minska klimatpåverkan. Innebörden av de antagna målen hos de 50 studerade företagen är att företag som verkar i Sverige enligt denna studie ska kunna medverka till att nå den nivå på insatser som IPCC indikerat för år 2050. Det är den tidpunkt som IPCC siktar på i sina senaste utvärderingar. Flera företag har vardera skisserat en trovärdig färdplan för att göra verksamheten koldioxidsnål eller koldioxidneutral till nämnda tidpunkt. Det är känt från andra liknande studier att det f rån näringslivets perspektiv dock också behövs ett politiskt mål av flera skäl, bl a för att regeringar och näringsliv i alla länder ska dra åt samma håll. Det som emellertid är intressant nu är att näringslivet i Sverige enligt denna studie har påbörjat arbetet med att finna lösningar för att nå ett ev kommande politiskt globalt mål. De studerade företagen i Sverige har även i stor utsträckning upprättat egna mål och genomför åtgärder på de områden som de nationella miljökvalitetsmålen täcker, bl a med inriktning på att begränsa förorening av luft- och vattenområden men även på att värna den biologiska mångfalden i jord- och skogsbruk samt att värna och utveckla naturvärden i den bebyggda miljön. Resultaten i form av utsläppsminskningar på de föroreningsanknutna områdena är goda även om det på flera områden återstår insatser att göra. Miljökvaliteten i Sverige på dessa områden påverkas dock främst av verksamhet i länder utanför Sveriges gränser. Den miljöpåverkan som uppstår som följd av den ökade handeln mellan länder är idag svår av kvantifiera på grund brister i lämplig statistik och mätetal. Inriktningen av handeln pekar emellertid på att Sverige exporterar mer varor med goda miljöprestanda, räknat i hela värdekedjan, än importerar varor med dåliga. Utöver nämnda områden har företagen ofta mål för användning av resurser och utveckling av förnybara energikällor.

    När det gäller den andra frågan om företagens egna insatser visar studien att det i rapporten studerade delen av näringslivet i Sverige i betydande omfattning på frivillig väg har infört egna verktyg för att effektivt kunna hantera sina miljöfrågor. Den viktigaste förändringen är att begreppet hållbar utveckling nu har slagit rot. Det medför att miljöfrågorna nu fått en tydligare plats i företagens ledningar i samverkan med andra frågor inom begreppet hållbarhet. De viktiga förebilderna för innebörden av hållbar utveckling är UN Global Compact, OECDs vägledning för multinationella företag och den internationella standarden ISO 26000 om socialt ansvarstagande. Rapporteringen av studerade företagens insatser på hållbarhetsområdet sker i stor utsträckning enligt den modell som utarbetats av GRI (Global Reporting Initiative). Den egna målstyrda verksamheten baseras väsentligen på miljöledningssystem som upprättats med stöd av den internationella miljöledningsstandarden ISO 14001, inom vilken även lagstyrda insatser hanteras internt . Syftet med sådana miljöledningssystem är att bidra med en effektiv metod att hantera miljöfrågorna i ett företag. Den logik som denna standard har byggt upp, m ed målstyrning som viktigaste komponent, lyser igenom i alla företagens hållbarhetsredovisningar. Det är alltså tydligt att ISO 14001 har fått stort genomslag i den praktiska hanteringen av miljöfrågorna. Vidare är det tydligt att företagen idag fäster sto r vikt vid att värna och utveckla den biologiska mångfalden i skogen. Mer än 70 procent av den produktiva skogsmarken i Sverige är certifierad enligt något av de stora förekommande certifieringssystemen (FSC/PEFC). Det innebär omfattande åtaganden för skog sägarna att värna om den biologiska mångfalden och att sätta av marker för naturvårdsändamål.

    När det gäller den tredje frågan om näringslivets förhållningssätt till statliga styrmedel har näringslivet i Sverige generellt sett en positiv syn på det regel verk som reglerar deras verksamhet. Efterlevnaden synes vara god av gällande regler. Den statliga individuella, integrerade tillståndsprövningen anses av berörda företag vara ett bra styrmedel. Det gäller även den europeiska kemikalielagstiftningen REACH. Däremot framgår det tydligt av studien att den nuvarande utformningen av tillståndsprövningen enligt berörda företag efter hand har blivit alldeles för omständlig och tidsmässigt utdragen. Idag tar tillståndsprocessen över tre år i genomsnitt. Det bör tydliggöras att inget företag har yrkat på att sänka miljökraven i sig utan framförallt att få tillståndsprocessen att gå fortare. Studien visar att det finns flera sådana möjligheter utan att varken göra avkall på kraven i direktiv från EU eller hänsyn till miljön. Avgiften på kväveoxider har mer eller mindre förlorat sin roll som styrmedel och fungerar numera mest som subvention av energisektorn på bekostnad av skogsindustrin. Det är framförallt skogsindustrin som framför kritik på denna punkt. Vidare ans er berörda företag att handeln med utsläppsrätter enligt EU ETS bör utvidgas till ett globalt system för att kunna bli verkningsfullt.

    När det gäller den fjärde frågan om drivkrafter och hinder för förbättrad miljöprestanda var lagstiftningen den stora drivkraften under 1970- och 1980-talen. Olika marknadsbaserade krav har numera fått en betydligt större roll än tidigare. Kraften i dessa krav skiftar från bransch till bransch och från miljöfråga till miljöfråga. En notering som stödjer tesen om att marknad en tagit över är det faktum att även de i denna undersökning utvalda företag, som inte i någon påtaglig utsträckning styrs av lagstiftning, också har ambitiösa program och planer. En annan bild av samma utveckling är relationen till kunder och andra intressenter. Det framkommer av företagen i studien att de knappast idag kan verka på marknaden samtidigt som förtroendet för företaget sviktar hos kunder och andra intressenter. En viss reservation kan dock vara befogad. Bakom olika marknadsrelaterade krav står ofta myndighetskrav eller lagstiftning. Det motsatta gäller naturligtvis också, dvs bakom lagstiftningskrav finns ofta ytterst ett krav på marknaden. Vidare är det tydligt från studien att d en värdegrund som idag omfattar de flesta svenskar, att värna om miljön, gäller också för företag. Sverige är ett relativt homogent land med en i stora delar gemensam värdegrund. En betydande del av alla insatser för miljön görs därför på helt frivillig väg av ren omtanke om miljön. Också detta bekräftas av det faktum att även de företag som inte omfattas av statliga krav på tillstånd, anmälan eller andra ”skarpa krav” också vidtar åtgärder för att skydda miljön med liknande inriktning och omfattning som de med sådana krav.

    Genomgången av olika verktyg och styrmedel får konsekvenser för de statliga och kommunala myndigheterna. Olika statliga regelverk är inte längre är det enda svaret på förbättrad miljöprestanda hos näringslivet. Det innebär att miljöpolitiken för regering och myndigheter snarare bör vara att skaffa sig ett rimligt förhållningssätt till de olika initiativen på marknaden med innebörd att staten underlättar för och stödjer företag, snarare än reglerar. Efter genomgången i denna rapport är svaret entydigt nej på frågan om det behövs kompletterande styrmedel. Det saknas i varje fall miljömotiv för det.

    Informationen för att besvara frågorna i denna undersökning har främst hämtats från en grupp av 50 stora företag med verksamhet i Sverige. Därutöver har information inhämtat s från intervjuer (11 företag, varav 6 från gruppen av 50), andra tillgängliga undersökningar och litteratur. De 55 företagen utgör inte ett representativt urval av näringslivet idag. Däremot vet vi från tidigare undersökningar att den värdegrund och de insatser som de stora företagen gör efter hand verkar som inspiration för de mindre företagen. Många av de mindre företagen är också leverantörer till de stora och har krav fr ån kunden att förhålla sig till. Det de stora företagen gör idag förmodas vara giltiga för en större del av näringslivet om några år.

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  • 20.
    Al-Mohammad, Ali
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering.
    DEMOCRATIZATION IN THE MIDDLE EAST AND NORTH AFRICA IN THE AFTERMATH OF THE ARAB SPRING: SUCCESS FACTORS AND FAILURE CAUSES: Comparative analysis of Egypt and Tunisia2021Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (Two Years)), 20 credits / 30 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    The theme of this study will be the Arab Spring and democratization. The impact of the Arab Spring has, in one form or another, extended to almost all countries of the Arab region in the MENA. However, this paper will be limited to compare two countries, in particular, Tunisia and Egypt by analyzing their democratization and examining how two similar states achieved widely differing outcomes in the aftermath of the Arab Spring. Tunisia and Egypt are both predominantly Muslim-majority, Arabic-speaking countries, and both of them were subject to authoritarian regimes (Ben Ali in Tunisia, Mubarak in Egypt) before the outbreak of the Arab Spring. After the first wave of uprisings, Tunisia made remarkable progress in the transition to democracy, but in Egypt, the situation altered when the army overthrew a democratically elected president, and then the country underwent a counter-revolution, bringing it back to square one (i.e. the yoke of tyranny). The four variables that this research will revolve around as an explanation and possible analysis of the secret of this difference in outcomes between these two countries are the role of the international and regional community, the position of the military and armed forces in the state, the role of religious political parties, and the effectiveness of civil society organizations across the country. After reviewing all four variables, the final result of the paper suggests that the military, religious, international, and civil society variables are the strongest indicators of the reason for the great difference in the democratic progress in both countries. This paper facilitates an understanding of democratization by identifying the critical factors in determining whether a nation's transition from dictatorship to democracy will be successful or not.

    Key Words: the Middle East and North Africa, Arab Spring, Democratization, Egypt, Tunisia.

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  • 21.
    Alnassan, Abdulrahman
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering.
    Driving Forces for Changing Attitudes to Immigration in Sweden: A study of the evolution of attitudes towards immigration: A correlational analysis of driving forces from 2002-2018 with a focus on political trust2023Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (Two Years)), 20 credits / 30 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Research has shown that attitudes to immigration can change due to various factors. In recent years, immigration has become an increasingly polarizing issue in Sweden, with many politicians and parties framing it as intertwined with other issues. Negative framing of immigrants has contributed to more negative attitudes towards immigration among the public. As a result, political trust has emerged as a new and important topic that had not previously been mainly considered in studies of attitudes towards immigration in Sweden. This thesis examines the driving forces behind changing attitudes to immigration in Sweden between 2002-2018. During this period, we witnessed significant events such as 2008 global financial and 2015 refugee crises. The study used data from the European Social Survey (2002-2018) to analyze the correlation between demographic, economy, safety, culture, societal cohesion, political trust, and changes in attitudes towards immigration to answer the research question: What are the driving forces for changing attitudes to immigration in Sweden? The findings suggested that political trust had the most significant effect. Additionally, societal cohesion and political trust were the most changing trends among all the perceptions explored in this research. The study contributes to understanding changing attitudes towards immigration in Sweden and the driving forces behind them to provide valuable insights to address the challenges of immigration. This research deepens our understanding of the multidimensional nature of immigration and provides another explanation to help tackle the challenges of immigration and integration policies.

     

    Keywords: Attitudes towards immigration, political trust, societal cohesion, polarization, Sweden

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    Driving Forces for Changing Attitudes to Immigration in Sweden
  • 22.
    Alsander, Anton
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering. Linköping University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences.
    Holmin Fridell, Jakob
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering. Linköping University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences.
    Rutavdraget för läxhjälp: En studie av regeringens interventionslogik och nyckelpersoners uppfattningar i Linköpings kommun2014Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    The main purpose of our paper is to reconstruct the intervention logic of the Swedish government's proposal to introduce a tax deduction for homework help. Furthermore, we also intend to outline the perceived impacts of this tax deduction in the municipality of Linköping. Our material consists of the government bill regarding the tax deduction, the parliamentary debate which preceded it as well as interviews with key people in the municipality of Linköping. In our study and in the light of Matthew Clarke’s theory of neo-liberalism within education policy, we also ask ourselves if the intervention logic behind the tax deduction and its perceived effects can be seen as a manifestation of neo-liberalism. To obtain our results, we have used Evert Vedung’s intervention logic model and side-effect model. The results are discussed in our analysis chapter which leads us to the conclusion that the tax deduction in some respects can be seen as a manifestation of neo-liberalism. The paper concludes with suggesting further research, in which we propose that the phenomenon should be investigated further and from different approaches. 

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    Rutavdraget för läxhjälp - Alsander, Holmin Fridell.pdf-1
  • 23.
    Altun, Nergiz
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Social and Welfare Studies. Linköping University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences.
    Dunerholm, Katerina
    Linköping University, Department of Social and Welfare Studies. Linköping University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences.
    Palladium: en verksamhetsutvärdering2008Report (Other academic)
    Abstract [sv]

    Denna utvärdering syftar till att belysa Palladiumprojektet ur ett antal olika perspektiv. Målet är att analysera hur Palladiums verksamhet har fungerat i relation till de mål och intentioner som fanns i planeringen av projektet, både från kommunpolitikers håll och från brukarna av verksamheten, det vill säga ungdomarna. Vi har undersökt verksamhetens organisation, hur den fungerat och om det finns brister i verksamheten, samt om huruvida det finns ett fortsatt behov av Palladium i Katrineholms kommun. Utvärderingen grundar sig på dokumenten Idéskiss- kultur- och mediehus för unga i Katrineholms kommun, Palladium no smoking, och Palladium - café och kulturhus för unga, ett antal intervjuer med politiker, en tjänsteman och ungdomar som är involverade i projektets verksamhet samt en observation.

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    Palladium: En verksamhetsutvärdering
  • 24.
    Aman, Robert
    Linköping University, Department of Behavioural Sciences and Learning, Education and Adult Learning. Linköping University, Faculty of Educational Sciences.
    Construyendo ciudadanos europeos: la Unión Europea entre visiones interculturales y herencias coloniales2012In: Cuadernos Interculturales, ISSN 0718-0586, E-ISSN 0719-2851, Vol. 10, no 19, p. 11-27Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The present article focuses on problematizing the European Union’s claim that intercultural dialogue constitutes an advocated method of talking through cultural boundaries based on mutual empathy and non-domination. More precisely, the aim is to analyze who is being constructed as counterparts of the intercultural dialogue through the discourse produced by the EU. To answer the question, European policy documents on intercultural dialogue are analyzed drawing on a postcolonial perspective. As an interpretation, the EU appropriates historical symbols and colonial figures of thought to authorize its current objectives. Within the realm of the EU, Europeans are portrayed as having an a priori historical existence, while the ones excluded from this notion are evoked to demonstrate its difference in comparison to the European one. The results show that subjects not considered as Europeans serve as markers of the multicultural present of the space. Thus, intercultural dialogue seems to consolidate differences between European and Other - the ‘We’ and ‘Them’ in the dialogue - rather than, as in line with its purpose, bringing subjects together.

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    Construyendo ciudadanos europeos: la Unión Europea entre visiones interculturales y herencias coloniales
  • 25.
    Aman, Robert
    Linköping University, Department of Behavioural Sciences and Learning, Studies in Adult, Popular and Higher Education. Linköping University, Faculty of Educational Sciences.
    Interculturalism, Geopolitics of Knowledge and the Colonial Difference2011Conference paper (Refereed)
  • 26.
    Aman, Robert
    Linköping University, Department of Behavioural Sciences and Learning, Education and Adult Learning. Linköping University, Faculty of Educational Sciences.
    Moderniteten sedd underifrån: Kolonialitet, underordnade epistemologier och avlänkning hos Walter Mignolo2015In: Samtida politisk teori / [ed] Stefan Jonsson, Stockholm: Tankekraft förlag , 2015, 1, p. 265-289Chapter in book (Other academic)
  • 27.
    Aman, Robert
    Linköping University, Department of Behavioural Sciences and Learning, Education and Adult Learning. Linköping University, Faculty of Educational Sciences.
    När Fantomen blev svensk: vänsterns världsbild i trikå2022Book (Other academic)
    Abstract [sv]

    Hur kan en amerikansk superhjälte i blå trikåer, som har anklagats för både rasism och sexism, bli en svensk nationalhjälte?

    Seriefiguren Fantomen dyker upp i svensk press redan i början på 1940-talet, men det är först på 1970-talet, ett decennium när en kraftig vänstervåg sköljer över Sverige, som Fantomen på allvar blir ”svensk”. Tidningen får då ett svenskt redaktionsråd, ”Team Fantomen”, som låter Fantomen ägna sig åt allt från kolonial befrielsekamp till jämställdhet och till att öppna ett Konsum i djungeln. Och mitt i alltihop är Fantomen förstås en närvarande pappa, fattas bara.

    Fantomen-gestalten förkroppsligar kort sagt ambitionen bakom svensk utrikespolitik och det faller uppenbarligen både gamla och unga läsare i smaken. Under 70-talet är det faktiskt fler som läser om hans kamp mot sociala orättvisor än som läser Expressen. I sin bok undersöker Robert Aman – kulturskribent, serieforskare och biträdande professor i pedagogik vid Linköpings universitet – hur detta var möjligt och hur seriens dialog med det omgivande samhället mer konkret såg ut.

    Hans bok låter oss möta både superhjälten i trikåer och ett Sverige i en politisk och social brytningstid.

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  • 28.
    Andersson, Agneta
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Medical and Health Sciences. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Carstensen, John
    Linköping University, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Health and Society. Linköping University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences.
    Levin, Lars-Åke
    Linköping University, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Health Technology Assessment and Health Economics. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Emtinger, Bengt Göran
    The National Board of Health and Welfare.
    Costs of informal care for patients in advanced home care: a population based study2003In: International Journal of Technology Assessment in Health Care, ISSN 0266-4623, E-ISSN 1471-6348, Vol. 19, no 4, p. 656-663Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Objectives: Several studies have sought to analyze the cost-effectiveness of advanced home care andhome rehabilitation. However, the costs of informal care are rarely included in economic appraisals ofhome care. This study estimates the cost of informal care for patients treated in advanced home careand analyses some patient characteristics that influence informal care costs.Methods: During one week in October 1995, data were collected on all 451 patients in advanced homecare in the Swedish county of O¨ stergo¨ tland. Costs were calculated by using two models: one includingleisure time, and one excluding leisure time. Multiple regression analysis was used to analyze factorsassociated with costs of informal care.Results: Seventy percent of the patients in the study had informal care around the clock during theweek investigated. The patients had, on average, five formal care visits per week, each of which lastedfor almost half an hour. Thus, the cost of informal care constituted a considerable part of the costof advanced home care. When the cost of leisure time was included, the cost of informal care wasestimated at SEK 5,880 per week per patient, or twice as high as total formal caregiver costs. Whenleisure time was excluded, the cost of informal care was estimated at SEK 3,410 per week per patient,which is still 1.2 times higher than formal caregiver costs (estimated at SEK 2,810 per week per patient).Informal care costs were higher among patients who were men, who were younger, who had their ownhousing, and who were diagnosed with cancer.Conclusions: Studies of advanced home care that exclude the cost of informal care substantiallyunderestimate the costs to society, regardless of whether or not the leisure time of the caregiver isincluded in the calculations.

  • 29.
    Andersson, Annika
    et al.
    Örebro Universitet.
    Hedström, Karin
    Örebro Universitet.
    Siegert, Steffi
    Södertörns högskola.
    Sommar, Carl-Johan
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Political Science. Linköping University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences.
    Teachers Falling off the Cliff Affordances and Constraints of Social Media in School2021In: Proceedings of the 54th Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences: January 4-8, 2021 / [ed] Tung X. Bui, Honolulu: University of Hawai'i at Mānoa , 2021, p. 2995-3004Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    In a digitalized society our work environment is highly integrated with our home environment making work boundless both in terms of time and space. The digital work environment risks increased stress. Based on a case study in Swedish schools we investigate how teachers experience the use of social media for work-related purposes. We do so by using the Technology Affordance and Constraints Theory to capture the affordances as well as constraints of this use. Findings show that affordances of social media in schools were increased opportunities for learning, transparency and community building. Constraints were distractions from learning, increased isolation, stress and, above all, lack of guidance in how and when to use social media. We end the paper arguing that lack of policies and guidelines governing the use of social media at work is risking an increase in boundary blurring and potentially more stress.

  • 30.
    Andersson, Fredrik
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Political Science.
    Åhlander, Pia
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Political Science.
    Tillbaka till framtiden: Fyra scenarier för EU:s framtid efter eurokrisen2011Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    The starting point of this study is theories of European integration, which are used to formulate different scenarios about the future of the European Union. This is made in regards to the eurocrisis which has intensified the discussion about how to change the construction of the euro to overcome the economic difficulties that has arisen. In this study, four different scenarios are presented: "An updated Europe", "A new Europe", "The death of the euro" and "Goodbye Greece". The first two scenarios takes its starting point in the neofunctionalist theory of European integration and describes how the EU might increase its level of integration in different ways. We can either see a development where the EU tries to improve the implementation of the rules that are meant to coordinate the member states’ economic policy, or we might encounter a more advanced integration where fiscal policy competences are transferred to the EU-level.

    The latter scenarios, however, takes another theory in to account, liberal intergovernmentalism, and describes how the eurozone might be fragmented in different ways due to conflicts of interest between lenders and countries that has to receive loan-packages. In the third scenario the euro stands in front of a collapse. This is connected to a situation where Spain, which is one of the largest economies in the EU, is starting to have similar problems as countries like Grecce, Ireland and Portugal. The fourth scenario describes a more ordered progress where Grecce, as part of a joint decision with the other EU-members, decides to abolish the euro as their currency. This is a way for the EU to reduce its economic burden, in the same time as Greece are given an opportunity to use an independent monetary policy to cope with their problematic situation.

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    Tillbaka till framtiden
  • 31.
    Andersson Granberg, Tobias
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Science and Technology, Communications and Transport Systems. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Fredriksson, Anna
    Linköping University, Department of Science and Technology, Communications and Transport Systems. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Pilemalm, Sofie
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Information Systems and Digitalization. Linköping University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences.
    Yousefi Mojir, Kayvan
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Information Systems and Digitalization. Linköping University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences.
    Effektivt sambruk av kommunala resurser för ökad säkerhet och trygghet2017Report (Other academic)
    Abstract [sv]

    Användandet av så kallade semiprofessionella resurser i räddningsinsatser har blivit allt vanligare i Sverige. En semiprofessionell är en person som fått utökade arbetsuppgifter inom respons och räddning inom ramen för sitt ordinarie yrke. Det kanske mest kända exemplet är väktare som responderar på den kommunala räddningstjänstens ärenden.

    I det projekt som avrapporteras här, är syftet att undersöka vilka yrkesgrupper som skulle passa bra som semiprofessionella, och vad som krävs för att de effektivt ska kunna utföra de nya arbetsuppgifterna, bland annat i form av utbildning och utrustning. Vidare syftar projektet till att utvärdera vilken samhällsnytta semiprofessionella kan bidra med. Som studieobjekt används Norrköpings kommun, och via en aktionsforskningsinspirerad metodansats är målet att projektresultaten ska kunna bidra till en ökad säkerhet och trygghet i kommunen.

    En kombination av kvalitativa och kvantitativa metoder används för att uppnå syftet. Genom workshops identifieras först fyra potentiella yrkesgrupper (räddningstjänstens dagtidspersonal, hemtjänstpersonal, förvaltningsentreprenörer och väktare), för vilka detaljerad data erhålls via fokusgruppsintervjuer. En grupp (räddningstjänstens dagtidspersonal) väljs ut för vidare analys, och ytterligare en workshop genomförs, plus ett experiment i form av en simulerad olycka där semiprofessionella får göra en första insats. En prototyp av ett utlarmningssystem tas fram, inklusive en smartphoneapplikation som de semiprofessionella kan använda för att ta emot och hantera larm. Med hjälp av applikationen utförs ett experiment där historiska larm skickas till potentiella semiprofessionella under två månaders tid, och de får svara på om de kan åka eller inte, samtidigt som deras position noteras. Genom att jämföra deltagarnas uppskattade insatstider med räddningstjänstens historiska, kan möjliga insatstidsförkortningar beräknas. Detta kompletteras med en bedömning av vad de kan bidra med i respektive händelse.

    Bedömningen görs enligt en strukturerad metod av professionell personal från två olika räddningstjänstorganisationer. De beräknade insatstiderna och den skattade förmågan vägs samman till en monetär nytta av den semiprofessionella insatsen.

    Resultatet visar att det finns ett stort antal yrkesgrupper som skulle kunna vara lämpliga att nyttja som semiprofessionella. I rapporten redovisas en lista med 23 grupper som anses ha potential och möjlighet att utföra räddningsinsatser som en del av sitt yrke. Vidare redovisas ett antal utmaningar och möjligheter, baserat på analysen av de fyra utvalda grupperna. En konkret sammanställning har gjorts i form av listor på utbildning och utrustning som krävs för att de effektivt kunna utföra sitt nya uppdrag. Dessa krav är förhållandevis enkla att uppfylla, och handlar om grundläggande utbildning i riskbedömning, brandsläckning och livräddande åtgärder, samt utrustning som tex handbrandsläckare och förbandslåda. Mer utmanande är de organisatoriska förändringar som är nödvändiga för att de semiprofessionella akut ska kunna lämna sina pågående arbetsuppgifter, samt hur utlarmningen ska kunna integreras i de tekniska system som används för professionella räddningsresurser. Vidare visar resultaten att semiprofessionella kan larmas, och förväntas göra nytta på en stor mängd olika typer av händelser, dock främst vid händelser med personskador eller akuta sjukdomsförlopp. Den monetära nyttan av att införa ett fåtal (i snitt 3,4 st) semiprofessionella i Norrköping och Linköpings kommuner beräknades till mellan 600 000 och 2 400 000 kr per år, beroende på hur lång tid det tar för de semiprofessionella ifrån att de får larm tills de påbörjar färden mot händelseplatsen.

    En slutsats från projektet är att semiprofessionella skulle bidra till en ökad säkerhet och trygghet i Norrköping kommun, om de används som förstainsatsresurser, som ett komplement till befintlig professionell räddningspersonal.

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    Effektivt sambruk av kommunala resurser för ökad säkerhet och trygghet
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  • 32.
    Andersson, Henrik
    et al.
    Institutet för bostads- och urbanforskning, Uppsala University, Sweden .
    Jutvik, Kristoffer
    Linköping University, Department of Culture and Society, Division of Migration, Ethnicity and Society (REMESO). Linköping University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences. Linköping University, REMESO - Institute for Research on Migration, Ethnicity and Society.
    Do Asylum-seekers Respond to Policy Changes? Evidence from the Swedish-Syrian Case2023In: Scandinavian Journal of Economics, ISSN 0347-0520, E-ISSN 1467-9442, Vol. 125, no 1, p. 3-31Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Do asylum-seekers respond to destination country policy changes, and to what extent? We approach this question by using high-frequency data and focus on a sudden liberalization in Swedish policy toward Syrian asylum-seekers, which implied permanent instead of temporary residence. We show a clear and fast, yet temporary, increase in Syrian asylum applications in Sweden after the policy change. Also, the policy caused a shift, not limited to the short-term, in the share of individuals arriving without family, and consequently in the share applying for family reunification. Our study adds quasi-experimental evidence to the literature on inter-country asylum-flows and migration policy.

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  • 33.
    Andersson, Henrik
    et al.
    Uppsala universitet, Statsvetenskapliga institutionen, Uppsala, Sweden.
    Jutvik, Kristoffer
    Uppsala universitet, Statsvetenskapliga institutionen, Uppsala, Sweden.
    Påverkar nationell migrationspolitik flyktingflöden?2019In: Ekonomisk Debatt, ISSN 0345-2646, Vol. 47, no 3, p. 5-17Article in journal (Other (popular science, discussion, etc.))
    Abstract [sv]

    Många europeiska länder har under de senaste åren infört en allt restriktivare migrationspolitik. Sverige är inget undantag. Men vilken effekt har egentligen nationalstaters asylpolitik på flyktingströmmar? Trots den ökande betydelsen av nationell migrationspolitik är det nuvarande kunskapsläget om huruvida, och i så fall hur snabbt, migranter reagerar på policyförändringar relativt begränsat. Tidigare studier tenderar att använda årliga data och nationella jämförelser, vilket gör resultaten svårtolkade. Mot denna bakgrund använder vi högfrek-venta data och undersöker hur antalet syriska asylsökande till Sverige föränd-rades till följd av en plötslig policyförändring, som innebar att asylsökande från Syrien tilldelades permanenta i stället för temporära uppehållstånd.

  • 34.
    Andersson, Henrik
    et al.
    Uppsala universitet.
    Jutvik, Kristoffer
    Linköping University, Department of Culture and Society, Division of Migration, Ethnicity and Society (REMESO). Linköping University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences. Linköping University, REMESO - Institute for Research on Migration, Ethnicity and Society.
    Martén, Linna
    Stockholm universitet.
    Economic incentives and the return of rejected asylum-seekersManuscript (preprint) (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    The return and reintegration of rejected asylum seekers is a growing concern, not least following the migration flows in the summer of 2015. In general, only a third of individuals with negative asylum decisions are estimated to have returned to their origin countries in recent years. We provide the first causal evaluation of a specific policy aimed at incentivizing the return of rejected asylum-seekers, namely a cash grant given to those who return to their home countries on their own. We use individual level administrative data from Sweden and implement a regression discontinuity design, which leverages that the eligible nationalities have changed over time. Our estimate suggests that being informed about the cash grant increased the take-up rate and subsequently the share who returned on their own, within 2 to 5 years. However, the overall take-up rate is low. We find no evidence of adverse selection, as there is no increase in applications after the introduction of cash the grants.

  • 35.
    Andersson, Jonas
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Political Science.
    Oikofobi i svensk kulturarvspolitik: En kvalitativ textanalys av Sveriges första kulturarvsproposition2018Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    In May 2017 Sweden’s first cultural heritage bill was approved by Sveriges riksdag, Sweden’s national legislature. Before being approved of, the bill had received a great amount of attention in the public debate from different parties like the media, the civil society and the political parties. The cultural heritage bill is unique since it is the first time in Swedish history that cultural heritage policy has been presented through a separate bill by the government, instead of being part of a bigger cultural bill. This study will examine the bill closer with the help of the British philosopher Roger Scruton’s concept oikophobia. Examination is relevant because of the public debate surrounding the bill and because of the fact that oikophobia concerns inheritance and home. The aim of this study is more precisely to examine Sweden’s first cultural heritage bill through a qualitative text analysis in order to see if the bill is to be considered oikophobic. To accomplish the study, oikophobia as a concept is operationalized to be used as an analysis tool when analysing the empirical material in form of the cultural heritage bill. The results of the study show that the cultural heritage bill is to be considered oikophobic. It is considered oikophobic mainly because of its relativizing attitude towards the own cultural heritage and the own nation.

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    Oikofobi i svensk kulturarvspolitik
  • 36.
    Andersson, Ragnar
    Linköping University, Department for Studies of Social Change and Culture, Department of Culture Studies. Linköping University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences. Linköping University, Department of Social and Welfare Studies. Linköping University, REMESO - Institute for Research on Migration, Ethnicity and Society.
    Inclusion of immigrants -- effects of diffent kinds of partnerships2008In: Partnership: As a Stragegy for Social Innovation and Sustainable Change / [ed] Lennart Svensson, Barbro Nilsson, Stockholm: Santérus Academic Press , 2008, 1, p. 159-172Chapter in book (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    Is partnership as an organisational principle a way to overcome the limitations of project-organisation and its focus on short-term outcomes? Or is the interest in partnership organisations only an expression of a trend or a fashion in the growing market for organisational development in complex situations? In this book 14 scholars get new data and make careful analysis of the partnership organisation both in theory and in practice. They analyse the effectiveness of the partnership organisation in implementing changes and innovation with long-term effects rather than short-term results. The ambition is to address practical dilemmas and problems in the partnership organisation by using different theoretical perspectives - theories about organisational learning, strategies for change, power and empowerment, gender analysis, governance and participation etc. The research presented is valuable in order to achieve deeper understanding of the pros and cons with the partnership organisation. When can it be useful? What kind of problems can be addressed? Which conditions are necessary if the partnership model is to be used? Editors are Lennart Svensson, professor of sociology at the University of Linkoping, Sweden and Barbro Nilsson, Ph.D. and lecturer of pedagogic at the Institution of Behaviour Science learning at the University of Linkoping. Also contributing are Ken Caplan, Leda Stott, Erik Lindhult, Ingela Malqvist, Marianne Parmsund, Ann-Christine Larsson, Maria Bogren, Sofia Wistus, Ragnar Andersson, Hanna Westberg, Anette Scoppetta and Gun Hedlund.

  • 37.
    Andersson, Sanna
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Political Science.
    Rage Abukar, Dirie
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Political Science.
    Kvinnors politiska representation i postsovjetiska republiker2018Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    The purpose of this essay is to analyse and systematically describe the spatial variance of women's political representation in national parliaments of post-Soviet republics. The study aims to explain the spatial variance through scrutinizing theoretical explanation factors of women's political representation. The main question that this study revolves around is:

     

    1. How can the spatial variance of women's political representation in national parliaments of post-Soviet states be explained?

     

    The essay uses a statistical and comparative method to answer the question. The study is of a quantitative nature and uses both an explorative and a descriptive approach. The statistical analysis used in this study is bivariate analysis and linear regression analysis.

     

    The result indicates that there is a great variance in the number of female parliamentarians between the post-Soviet countries. It is slightly higher for the group of post-Soviet countries located within Europe. The result implies that traditional theoretical explanation models cannot entirely be adapted to post-Soviet republics. In this study we found positive correlation between the number of female parliamentarians and majority electoral system and social-economic development. Furthermore, negative correlation was found between gender quotas and democratic level.

  • 38.
    Andersson, Staffan
    et al.
    Linnéuniversitetet .
    Erlingsson, Gissur Ó
    Linköping University, Department for Studies of Social Change and Culture, Centre for Municipality Studies – CKS. Linköping University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences.
    New public management and risks for corruption: the case of Sweden2012In: The social construction of corruption in Europe / [ed] Dirk Täzler, Konstadinos Maras and Angelos Giannakopoulos, London: Ashgate, 2012, p. 33-57Chapter in book (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    Demonstrates the suitability of the theory of social constructivism in portraying and analyzing the diversity of the phenomenon of corruption. This title contains case studies of social definitions of corruption in eleven European countries that contribute in different ways to establishing a grounded theory of the phenomenon of corruption.

  • 39.
    Andreassen, Felicia
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Political Science.
    Demokrati i gråzonen?: En demokratiteoretisk värdering av överenskommelsen mellan staten och Sveriges Kommuner och Regioner (SKR) om förlossningsvård och kvinnors hälsa 2023.2023Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (Two Years)), 20 credits / 30 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    The relationship between the Swedish government and the Swedish Association of Local Authorities and Regions (SALAR) has sparked debates, particularly regarding the agreements established in the healthcare sector. These agreements strive to ensure national equivalence while allowing municipal influence in governance. However, the agreements entail closed negotiations and bestow decision-making authority upon SALAR – a non-public employers' and interest organization funded by tax money – representing the municipalities. Despite their significance, limited research has explored the utilization and repercussions of these agreements, especially concerning their democratic implications. This knowledge gap is striking given the regional authorities' substantial management of tax revenues and primary responsibility for healthcare, as regional democracy has received scant attention in political science research and society.

    Therefore, this thesis aims to bridge this gap by mapping and evaluating the democratic legitimacy of the agreement development process between the government and SALAR. The focus of analysis is on the 2023 agreement relating to maternity care and women's health. The empirical material includes accessible documents, as well as interviews with individuals knowledgeable about the decision-making process and those anticipated to have gained insights.

    Through reconstructing the decision-making process and employing two contrasting democratic ideals – the traditional representative model and the network-based multi-actor model – this study uncovers the challenges encountered in upholding these ideals during the agreement development. Notably, the democratic values of accountability, openness, and transparency were significantly compromised. Therefore, the decision-making process can be assessed as lacking full democratic legitimacy.

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    fulltext
  • 40.
    Andreassen, Felicia
    Linköping University, Department of Culture and Society, Centre for Local Government Studies. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Demokrati i gråzonen?: en demokratiteoretisk värdering av överenskommelsen mellan staten och Sveriges Kommuner och Regioner (SKR) om förlossningsvård och kvinnors hälsa 20232023Report (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    The relationship between the Swedish government and the Swedish Association of Local Authorities and Regions (SALAR) has sparked debates, particularly regarding the agreements established in the healthcare sector. These agreements strive to ensure national equivalence while allowing municipal influence in governance. However, the agreements entail closed negotiations and bestow decision-making authority upon SALAR – a non-public employers’ and interest organization funded by tax money – representing the municipalities. Despite their significance, limited research has explored the utilization and repercussions of these agreements, especially concerning their democratic implications. This knowledge gap is striking given the regional authorities’ substantial management of tax revenues and primary responsibility for healthcare, as regional democracy has received scant attention in political science research and society.

    Therefore, this thesis aims to bridge this gap by mapping and evaluating the democratic legitimacy of the agreement development process between the government and SALAR. The focus of analysis is on the 2023 agreement relating to maternity care and women’s health. The empirical material includes accessible documents, as well as interviews with individuals knowledgeable about the decision-making process and those anticipated to have gained insights.

    Through reconstructing the decision-making process and employing two contrasting democratic ideals – the traditional representative model and the network-based multi-actor model – this study uncovers the challenges encountered in upholding these ideals during the agreement development. Notably, the democratic values of accountability, openness, and transparency were significantly compromised. Therefore, the decision-making process can be assessed as lacking full democratic legitimacy.

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  • 41.
    André, Lovisa
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering.
    Effekter av den nya tobakslagen 2018:2088: En studie över hur studenter upplever att den nya tobakslagen påverkar cigarrettrökning2020Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    A new Swedish tobacco law was decided in 2018 which originated from an EU-directive from 2014. The aim of the directive is to integrate the member states’ legislation on tobacco control and to minimize the risks of young people getting in touch with tobacco. And furthermore, the aim of the Swedish law is to minimize the negative health effects from tobacco use. This research shows that the new tobacco regulation in Sweden has led to a decrease in smoked cigarettes among students in Sweden as well as an experienced decrease in risk to be exposed to second-hand smoking. This means the new law has led to positive effects on cigarette smoking amongst students and that the aim of the law therefore is fulfilled to at least some point. The majority of the smokers have though continued to smoke as much as before, which means the legislation does not succeed to reach everyone. To reach more people, further efforts are needed. Thus, governance through legislation on EU and national level is not enough, and the problem therefore requires efforts on multilevel. To continue the decrease, Sweden should take action in educative efforts to reach broader levels in its governance.

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    Effekter av den nya tobakslagen 2018:2088
  • 42. Order onlineBuy this publication >>
    Andréasson, Ester
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Political Science. Linköping University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences.
    Digitalisering i den offentliga förvaltningen: IT, värden och legitimitet2015Doctoral thesis, monograph (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    We live in a society where the importance of digitalisation grows in every day life as well as in the workplace. In this dissertation the development of the digitalisation of public administration is studied – this development is usually referred to as egovernment. The main focus of the analysis in this dissertation is to gain a better understanding of the meanings of values in these digitalisation processes in public organisations. Three qualitative, interpretative case studies make up the foundation for this analysis. The first case is an analysis of Swedish e-government policies. The two other cases focus on organisational practices in public administration; the County Council of Östergötland and the Swedish Social Insurance Agency. These case studies have been based on interviews, document studies and observations. Theoretically the analyses of the dissertation build on theories of public values, legitimacy and the interplay between organisation and technology. The analyses show which values are given importance in digitalisation processes and how digitalisation can affect basic democratic values in public organisations. The results of the dissertation can be summarised in three comprehensive conclusions: 1) The digitalisation of the public administration is context dependent and takes place in an interplay between technology, policy and administration and the specific values which constitute these different domains. 2) The development towards e-government comprises a multitude of values, and is inspired and shaped by different sets of values. 3) The digitalisation can influence the role of the democratic values in public organisations, and therefore affect the legitimacy of the public administration. The main contribution of this dissertation is a deeper understanding of what implications e-government reforms can have for the administrations democratic values and its legitimacy. Processes of digitalisation are not value neutral, but are booth shaped by and shape values in the interplay between technology, political goals and the administrations particular organisational forms. Hereby, awareness of the values of digitalisation becomes crucial when e-government reforms are initiated and carried out. Further research on how technology and public organisations shape each other can contribute to uphold the legitimacy of public administration in a digitalised world.

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  • 43.
    Andréasson, Ester
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Political Science. Linköping University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences.
    E-förvaltning i Sverige – frågor om makt och legitimitet2014Conference paper (Other academic)
  • 44.
    Andréasson, Ester
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Political Science. Linköping University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences.
    E-government in Swedish healthcare – policy, implementation and practice2013Conference paper (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    E-government is an area under strong development and the Swedish public administration is not an exception in that respect. There is a whole chain of processes connected with introduction of new technologies in public organizations – from policy decisions, to implementation and thereafter every day-practice. Political scientists are often interested in policy and implementation, but more seldom about how technology and organization interacts with each other. In this paper, I will argue for that we – in order to be able to study the introduction of new technology in public organizations – need to use theoretical concepts concerning all three areas of policy, implementation and practice, and also acknowledge the fact that they are linked together. Illustrating this theoretical discussion, results from a case study in a Swedish health care organization are used. The analysis concerns how e-government is constructed through the processes of policy, implementation and practice in the specific case. The overall conclusions are that the construction of e-government, from national policies to the everyday use of ICT systems, takes place in several steps and that the framework presented in this paper can guide us in the understanding of these construction processes.  

  • 45.
    Andréasson, Ester
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Political Science. Linköping University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences.
    IT-utveckling i offentlig sektor - privat och offentligt vävs samman2013In: När förvaltning blir business: marknadiseringens utmaningar för demokratin och välfärdsstaten / [ed] Linda Rönnberg, Urban Strandberg, Elin Wihlborg och Ulrika Winblad, Linköping: Linköping University Electronic Press, 2013, p. 97-115Chapter in book (Other academic)
    Abstract [sv]

    Att företag bedriver vård, omsorg och andra verksamheter på det offentligas uppdrag är idag en del av vår vardag. Den svenska förvaltningen har förändrats och blivit alltmer business. I den här boken väcker forskare från nio svenska lärosäten frågor och uppmuntrar till fortsatt diskussion på detta tema. Antologins kapitel tar upp vad det enskilda vinstintresset, konkurrensutsättning och privatisering betyder för den svenska demokratin och förvaltningsmodellen. Hur står det till med politikens möjligheter till styrning? Vad händer med synen på medborgarskapet? Finns det till exempel vinnare och förlorare? Finns det en framtid för förvaltningen som business?

  • 46.
    Andréasson, Ester
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Political Science. Linköping University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences.
    Utvecklingen av e-legitimationer i Sverige: – en studie av det privata och det offentligas roller2011Conference paper (Other academic)
    Abstract [sv]

    Detta papper är framförallt ett empiriskt explorativt sådant, som behandlar en pågående utvecklingsprocess i offentlig förvaltning.

    Idag samverkar ofta både privata och offentliga aktörer i formande och verkställande av offentlig policy. Exempel på policyområden där detta är vanligt förekommande är skola, äldreomsorg och primärvård. Jag argumenterar i detta papper för att även IT-utveckling i offentlig sektor – e-förvaltning – är ett sådant område där gränserna mellan privat och offentligt suddas ut allt mer.

    I papperet undersöks ett specifikt empiriskt område inom e-förvaltningen – utvecklingen kring en ny struktur för e-legitimationer i Sverige. Denna analyseras med hjälp av Lennart J. Lundqvists privatiseringsmatris, som här används som ett verktyg för att för att åskådliggöra och diskutera hur olika förslag till organisering av infrastruktur för e-legitimationer i Sverige innebär olika former av samspel mellan privata och offentliga organisationer.

    Papperet avslutas med att fyra olika förslag till framtida forskningsinriktningar kring det aktuella forskningsområdet presenteras.

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    Utvecklingen av e-legitimationer i Sverige – en studie av det privata och det offentligas roller
  • 47.
    Andréasson, Ester
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Political Science. Linköping University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences.
    Axelsson, Karin
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Information Systems. Linköping University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences.
    Gustafsson, Mariana S
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Political Science. Linköping University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences.
    Hedström, Karin
    Handelshögskolan vid Örebro universitet.
    Melin, Ulf
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Information Systems. Linköping University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences.
    Söderström, Fredrik
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Information Systems. Linköping University, The Institute of Technology.
    Wihlborg, Elin
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Political Science. Linköping University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences.
    Vem är vem på nätet?: en studie av elektronisk identifiering2014Book (Other academic)
    Abstract [sv]

    Att identifiera sig är något vi gör i många olika vardagssituationer; exempelvis när vi ska styrka vår ålder i krogkön, uträtta bankärenden eller bli insläppta av vakten på en bevakad arbetsplats. För att identifiera oss i dessa situationer använder vi oftast någon form av fysisk identitetshandling; ett körkort, pass eller ID-kort. Samtidigt har vi idag ett samhälle där allt fler ärenden går att utföra via nätet, där såväl offentliga som kommersiella aktörer erbjuder elektroniska tjänster (e-tjänster) i ökande omfattning. Vi blir därmed alltmer beroende av informationsteknik (IT) i samhället för att samverka och kommunicera effektivt och enkelt. Vår riskexponering och sårbarhet ökar i takt med att vi utför allt fler ärenden via e-tjänster. Känslig information kan utnyttjas av obehöriga eller missbrukas på olika sätt.

    Elektronisk identifiering blir i dessa sammanhang en viktig komponent och förutsättning för att kunna erbjuda och använda effektiva och säkra e-tjänster. När man identifierar sig på nätet och i IT-system kan man göra det på många olika sätt; man kan logga in med användarnamn och lösenord, använda elektroniska ID-lösningar (eID) med dosor och koder, scanna fingeravtryck, använda e-tjänstekort och kortläsare eller RFID-teknik. Man skulle kunna betrakta dessa identifieringslösningar som rent tekniska landvinningar, som bara syftar till att man ska kunna nå den e-tjänst man vill använda. Likt en nyckel som används för att låsa upp dörren så att man kommer in i sitt hus. Vi menar dock att det är en alldeles för snäv syn på elektronisk identifiering – den behöver vara vidare än så för att vara fruktbar och kunna sättas i meningsfulla sammanhang av exempelvis design, utvärdering och vidareutveckling.

    Även om det är en teknisk lösning (en artefakt) med en begränsad uppgift vi avser, så kan dess utformning och sättet den införs och används på få stora konsekvenser för hela användningssituationen. Med artefakt menas här konstruerade föremål i form av olika tekniska lösningar och människors meningar kopplade till dessa. Identifieringslösningen påverkar både säkerheten i sig och den bild vi får av den e-tjänst eller det IT-system där vi identifierar oss. Dessutom påverkar den också bilden vi har av det sammanhang där vi använder identifieringslösningen. Om vi använder en e-tjänst som erbjuds av exempelvis den kommun där vi bor, påverkas också vår tilltro till kommunen och samhället av hur vi uppfattar identifieringslösningen och e-tjänsten. Samma resonemang gäller om vi köper en vara av ett privat företag på nätet. Med andra ord påverkas samhällets såväl som företagens legitimitet av hur vi som medborgare eller kunder uppfattar olika IT-lösningar.

    Den här boken handlar därför om de möjligheter och utmaningar som elektronisk identifiering kan innebära för individer, organisationer och samhället. Vi talar inte om isolerade tekniska problem i första hand, utan anlägger ett vidare perspektiv på de möjligheter och problem som kommer med e-tjänster och elektronisk identifiering.

    Vi har skrivit den här boken för att dela med oss av en del av de tankar och insikter som vi fått under projektet. Syftet med boken är att sätta ljuset på ett antal teman som framstår som centrala för utveckling och användning av elektronisk identifiering. Vi beskriver tre exempel som hämtar inspiration från våra studier inom projektet. Utifrån dessa exempel lyfter vi fram ett antal teman och diskuterar dessa samt sammanfattar utmaningar som vi sett i våra studier. Vår förhoppning är att Du som läser vår bok kan använda våra resonemang för att diskutera frågorna vidare i det praktiska sammanhang som Du befinner Dig i. Oavsett om Du finns på ett kommunkontor, i ett landsting, i en myndighet eller i en privat livssituation. Vi har inte haft ambitionen att skriva en vetenskaplig, teorirelaterad text, men Du som vill läsa forskningsbaserade publikationer från projektet hittar lästips i slutet av boken.

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    Vem är vem på nätet? : En studie av elektronisk identifiering: En diskussionsbok baserad på forskningsprojektet ”Framtidens säkra elektroniska identifiering – framväxt och användning av e-legitimationer”
  • 48.
    Arabi, Ahmad
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Political Science.
    Libanon - från ”Mellanösterns Paris” till en ”Failed State”: en studie av den konsociala maktdelningen i Libanon och dess konsekvenser2021Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Lebanon is seen as a failed state by the international community and this study aims to look at the causes that have made Lebanon dysfunctional. The study uses Andrej Lijpharts consociational power sharing model and the international relations theory realism to analyse the internal and external causes that have made Lebanon a failed state.

    The study is based on interviews from the three major sects in Lebanon and a text analysis. The study shows that Lebanon is suffering from a corrupt elite that uses the state institutions to benefit their own families. The elite uses clientelism by manipulating consociational power sharing to make the ethnoreligious groups dependant on the elite’s own success. Different regional and international powers use Lebanon in their struggle for power and dominance over the Middle East. The external actors support different ethnic and religious groups by financing and arming them. That in turn deepens the divide between the sectarian groups and hinders the political progress.

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    Libanon - från ”Mellanösterns Paris” till en ”Failed State”
  • 49.
    Arboleda-Ariza, Juan Carlos
    et al.
    Univ Surcolombiana, Colombia.
    Prosser Bravo, Gabriel
    Univ Chile, Chile.
    Mora Gamez, Fredy
    Linköping University, Department of Thematic Studies, Technology and Social Change. Linköping University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences.
    Absent Peace in Colombia: A Study of Transition Discourses in Former Combatants2020In: Peace Economics, Peace Science and Public Policy, ISSN 1079-2457, E-ISSN 1554-8597, Vol. 26, no 4, article id 20190042Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The Colombian State and subversive groups have made attempts to build peace by the establishment of accords since the 1980s. Recently, the signature of a peace accord by former president Santos and the FARC-EP leadership in 2016, has come along with changes in the interpretative frameworks of the conflict and the emergence of new institutions, forms of subjectivity and collective meanings around peace. Nowadays, Colombia is in the transition from being a country at war to a peaceful nation. In this transition, the discourse of victims and state representatives about peace and conflict are predominant in the literature. This article characterizes the simultaneously coexisting discourses about peace and conflict in former combatants. We conducted a discourse analysis of 19 semi-structured interviews with former members of paramilitaries and guerrillas. The results are clustered into two categories: absent peace, in which peace is seen as the lack of something that was missed and lost; and the indefinite war, where peace can be hardly imagined due to the permanence of conflict and longevity of violence. The overlooked angle of the narratives of combatants about peace and conflict is discussed, and the findings are suggested as potential guidelines to navigate displaced and divergent accounts of peace and conflict in transition societies.

  • 50.
    Arce, Israel
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Political Science.
    The Nuclear Non-Proliferation Regime: Towards a Cognitivist Approach2016Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (Two Years)), 20 credits / 30 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    After the use of the first nuclear weapons, during World War II, the world changed forever, as the balance of military power would no longer by measured by the amount of conventional weapons each state possesses. Alongside this, the world experienced a crude awakening to the catastrophic costs, for the environment and in terms of human misery, that the use of these armaments involved. In order to tackle the spreading of these weapons, with the aim to prevent further tragedies, the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Regime (NNPR) begun to develop in the mid 1950s. Since then, the regime, together with its cornerstone, the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT), have produced outstanding achievements in the non-proliferation field, as well as being the source of glaring disappointments and tensions among states to the present day.

    It is in this context that the following document uses regime theory, the framework that focuses on the study of why and how states decide to cooperate with each other, to present an analysis of the NNPR, understood as a series of overlapping, interlocking and mutually reinforcing agreements and mechanisms on the issue-area of nuclear activities among nations.

    The study is driven by two research questions: 1) How can regime theory explain the longevity and broad acceptance of the NNPR/ NPT and what is its current state after the 2015 Review Conference?; 2) From the point of view of regime theory, in which way would an international effort towards demilitarisation be beneficial for the fulfilment of Art VI of the NPT, regarding nuclear disarmament? The research achieves the objective of deepening the comprehension around the success and broad acceptance of the NNPR and the NPT, while presenting a plausible alternative for an agreement on nuclear disarmament that  could involve demilitarisation. This alternative is elaborated through a pathway suggested with the use of regime theory, specifically, with the use of the weak cognitivist approach.

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