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  • 1. Order onlineBuy this publication >>
    Algotson, Albin
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Political Science. Linköping University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences.
    Entreprenöriell förvaltning: Om den lokala utvecklingspolitikens förvaltningslogik2022Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    This thesis aims to deepen the understanding of entrepreneurship as an ideal and practice in local government administration. Organization, practices and the roles of civil servants in public administration are all grounded in certain ideals of what a modern public administration should look like. In order to capture the relationship between ideals and practices in local government administration, this introductory essay takes its point of departure in an institutional logic perspective.

    Entrepreneurial practices are well documented in a public administration context. Both civil servants and organizations can be more or less creative, alert and energetic, in other words more or less entrepreneurial. However, practices such as these are often understood to derive from the motives, driving forces and extraordinary characteristics of the specific actor. By contrast, this thesis aims to contribute to the literature on public administrative trends and reforms, by discussing entrepreneurship in terms of institutionalized ideals and patterns of action, i.e., institutional logics.

    The analysis is based on empirical studies of local development work in ten Swedish municipalities. The research design is grounded in an interpretative ethnographic approach and the development projects in each of the municipalities were closely followed for three years. Local development work is studied as a policy field where entrepreneurial ideals and practices are likely to arise, making it a suitable subject for studies that aim to deepen the theoretical understanding of entrepreneurship in a public administration context.

    The thesis demonstrates how an entrepreneurial logic is institutionalized in local government development work and embedded in governance and administrative practices as a natural consequence of certain contemporary reforms and trends in local policy and administration.Through ethnographic studies of local development work, the ideals and practices of the entrepreneurial logic are made visible. The entrepreneurial logic is contrasted to the still prevalent and institutionalized bureaucratic- rational administrative logic. These two logics are in many respects the logical opposite of one another and provide different answers to the question of which administrative practices are appropriate.

    The thesis makes three contributions to different theoretical discussions. First, the clarification of the entrepreneurial logic helps both researchers and practitioners make sense of and bring conceptual order to the messy practices of local development work.

    Second, the entrepreneurial logic expands the concept of entrepreneurship in a public sector context by viewing entrepreneurship as an institutional phenomenon rather than a phenomenon that represents a break from traditional institutions.

    Third, the entrepreneurial logic sheds light on institutionalized administrative ideals and practices that potentially imply major changes in public administration legitimacy, values and norms.

    List of papers
    1. The legitimacy of political entrepreneurs in networks: lessons from local development projects in swedish municipalities
    Open this publication in new window or tab >>The legitimacy of political entrepreneurs in networks: lessons from local development projects in swedish municipalities
    2018 (English)In: Governance and political entrepreneurship in Europe: promoting growth and welfare in times of crisis / [ed] Charlie Karlsson, Charlotte Silander, Daniel Silander, Cheltenham, UK: Edward Elgar Publishing, 2018, 1, p. 229-253Chapter in book (Other academic)
    Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
    Cheltenham, UK: Edward Elgar Publishing, 2018 Edition: 1
    Keywords
    political entrepreneurship, legitimacy, network governance, Politiskt entreprenörskap, Kommuner, Sverige
    National Category
    Public Administration Studies
    Identifiers
    urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-150154 (URN)9781788112758 (ISBN)
    Available from: 2018-08-14 Created: 2018-08-14 Last updated: 2022-04-04Bibliographically approved
    2. Legitimacy of uncertain policy work: Exploring values in local economic development projects
    Open this publication in new window or tab >>Legitimacy of uncertain policy work: Exploring values in local economic development projects
    2020 (English)In: Local Economy, ISSN 0269-0942, E-ISSN 1470-9325, Vol. 35, no 5, p. 440-459Article in journal (Refereed) Published
    Abstract [en]

    This article takes the standpoint that, due to high levels of uncertainty, local economic development work suffers from both input- and output-based legitimacy. Nevertheless, local governments are active development agents and try to come up with economic development initiatives. In order to better understand the legitimate basis for uncertain economic development work, this article offers an unconventional analysis of economic development projects. Drawing on scholars of organization theory, legitimacy is defined as congruence in values between the studied projects and the stakeholders in the surrounding environment. The article examines what kinds of values pervade local governments’ economic development projects. The empirical material is based on thick interview and observation data derived from a study of eight local development projects in Sweden. The results show that values of professionalization and deliberation pervade the analysed projects. Taking the two sets of values together, the results indicate that local government administration seeks to legitimize its economic development work as being based on professional directed processes of public deliberation. Both these sets of values challenge the local representative democratic system of government as the prime source of the legitimacy of local governments’ interventions.

    Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
    Sage Publications, 2020
    Keywords
    legitimacy, local economic development, local government, policymaking, values
    National Category
    Public Administration Studies
    Identifiers
    urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-168968 (URN)10.1177/0269094220953199 (DOI)000565900800001 ()2-s2.0-85090207281 (Scopus ID)
    Available from: 2020-09-04 Created: 2020-09-04 Last updated: 2022-10-28Bibliographically approved
    3. Understanding Political Entrepreneurship in Local Government Administration: a Contextual Framework
    Open this publication in new window or tab >>Understanding Political Entrepreneurship in Local Government Administration: a Contextual Framework
    2019 (English)In: Lex Localis, ISSN 1581-5374, E-ISSN 1855-363X, Vol. 17, no 3, p. 643-658Article in journal (Refereed) Published
    Abstract [en]

    It has been argued that political entrepreneurship is playing an increased role for public organizations and play a vital role in local government organizations. Political entrepreneurship has previously been studied from the motivations and actions of the individual entrepreneur. We argue that in order to understand why political entrepreneurship occurs in local public administration, these aspects are not enough. Instead, we need to consider entrepreneurship as situated, and analyse contextual conditions which form institutional demands for political entrepreneurship. A tentative framework is presented, which distinguish conditions coming from reformed organizational setting and conditions coming from new policy challenges. Finally, we conclude that the character of the conditions and thus the institutional demands directs political entrepreneurship towards either value-generative or collaborative entrepreneurship.

    Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
    Maribor: Institute for Local Self-Government Maribor, 2019
    Keywords
    political entrepreneurship, local government, public administrators, institutional demands, situated agency
    National Category
    Public Administration Studies
    Identifiers
    urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-159526 (URN)10.4335/17.3.643-658(2019) (DOI)000477968600012 ()
    Available from: 2019-08-12 Created: 2019-08-12 Last updated: 2021-12-20
    4. Conceptualizing local development practitioners: creators, coordinators or inside lobbyists?
    Open this publication in new window or tab >>Conceptualizing local development practitioners: creators, coordinators or inside lobbyists?
    2021 (English)In: Urban Governance, ISSN 2664-3286, Vol. 1, no 1, p. 30-37Article in journal (Refereed) Published
    Abstract [en]

    Local development practitioners in local government administration play a significant role in the governance of local development. This category of public officials – development officers, managers, strategists, secretaries, etc. – have received some attention in the local development literature. However, the directions in the literature are just as varied as the descriptions of the different aspects of local development governance they are taking part in. That means that the overarching understanding of what local development practitioners actually do is blurred, and is left to detailed case studies with very little or no conceptual ambition. Against this backdrop, the ambition of this article is to grasp what the local development practitioner role consists of at a conceptual level.

    This article offers a better understanding of what local development practitioner roles in particular consist of and how these roles relate to existing theories of governance and public administration. In order to do so, we first clarify and refine what the literature has stressed about local development practitioners’ roles and functions, and cluster the findings into three theoretically separated roles: the coordinator, the creator and the inside lobbyist. Second, we bridge these roles with recent trends in public administration research. Finally, we discuss how this conceptualization informs us about governance modes of local development, as well as ‘new and modern’ public official roles in local government administration.

    Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
    Elsevier, 2021
    National Category
    Public Administration Studies
    Identifiers
    urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-181945 (URN)10.1016/j.ugj.2021.10.002 (DOI)
    Available from: 2021-12-20 Created: 2021-12-20 Last updated: 2022-09-28Bibliographically approved
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  • 2.
    Algotson, Albin
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Political Science. Linköping University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences.
    Ekholm, David
    Linköping University, Department of Culture and Society, Division of Social Work. Linköping University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences. Linköping University, Department of Culture and Society, Centre for Local Government Studies.
    Kommunal styrning av folkhälsoarbete: I spänningsfältet mellan operativt och strategiskt arbete2024Report (Other academic)
    Abstract [sv]

    Denna rapport handlar om villkor och förutsättningar för folkhälsoarbete i svenska kommuner. Kommunernas roll i folkhälsopolitiken är komplex, föränderlig och saknar tydlig reglering. Samtidigt som rollen är oklar, ansvarar kommunerna för mycket av det som påverkar befolkningens hälsa, såsom skola och utbildning, sociala verksamheter, fritid och stadsplanering. Dessutom möter Sveriges kommuner idag ökade förväntningar när det kommer till att hantera en tilltagande ojämlikhet i hälsa bland barn och unga. I rapporten undersöks de institutionella och organisatoriska villkor som påverkar kommunernas folkhälsoarbete genom en fallstudie av Generation Peps pilotprojekt Pep Kommun.

    Pep Kommun är ett pilotprojekt initierat av Generation Pep, en icke-vinstdrivande organisation. Pilotprojektet syftar till att utveckla och testa insatser för att främja barns och ungas hälsa i sex kommuner. Genom fokusgruppsintervjuer med deltagare från de sex deltagande kommunerna nås en djupare förståelse för de spänningar och ibland skiftande logiker som formar villkoren för hur lokalt folkhälsoarbete kan bedrivas.

    Rapporten visar på en klyfta mellan det strategiska, kommunövergripande arbetet som Pep Kommun haft för ambition att utveckla, och det operativa arbetet med framförallt barn och unga som bedrivs inom ramen för kommunernas välfärdsarbete med skola, fritid och social verksamhet. Framför allt identifieras utmaningar i att implementera och utveckla lokala arbetsformer för folkhälsoarbete i relation till den sektoriserade förvaltningen. Denna utmaning förstås som en spänning mellan den traditionella och sektoriserade välfärdspolitiken visavi den tvärsektoriella folkhälsopolitiken.

    Resultaten innebär inte att tvärsektoriellt och strategiskt folkhälsoarbete är helt skilt ifrån det sektoriserade välfärdsarbetet. Men det innebär att olika delar av kommunal verksamhet med bäring på barn och ungas hälsa vilar på olika traditioner, olika former för styrning, olika professionell kunskap liksom skilda organisatoriska och politiska kontexter. Detta behöver hanteras för att ett tvärsektoriellt och kommungemensamt folkhälsoarbete ska kunna utvecklas.

    Avslutningsvis diskuteras behovet av att förstå den lokala kontexten som en dynamisk spelplan liksom vikten av att hantera förändring istället för att etablera en fixerad ordning för lokalt folkhälsoarbete. Vi menar också att det krävs ett kontinuerligt arbete att skapa klarhet kring vad kommunerna vill med sitt folkhälsoarbete (exempelvis i form av medverkan i Pep Kommun). Därtill menar vi att en större konceptuell klarhet kring vad kommunalt folkhälsoarbete är och förväntas vara måste utvecklas i dialog mellan statliga myndigheter, regioner och kommuner.

    Sammanfattningsvis bidrar rapporten med kunskap om villkor och förutsättning för folkhälsoarbete på kommunal nivå genom att peka på centrala institutionella och organisatoriska spänningar. Samtidigt pekar rapporten på att det finns ett stort behov av att fortsatt – i framtida praktiknära forskning – utveckla förståelsen för lokalt folkhälsoarbete genom att integrera kunskap om interventioner och medicinska aspekter av hälsa, med kontextuell och implementeringsinriktad kunskap om folkhälsoarbetets kommunala styrning och organisering.

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  • 3.
    Algotson, Albin
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Political Science. Linköping University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences. Linköping University, Department of Culture and Society, Centre for Local Government Studies.
    Svensson, Petra
    Halmstad University, Halmstad, Sweden.
    Conceptualizing local development practitioners: creators, coordinators or inside lobbyists?2021In: Urban Governance, ISSN 2664-3286, Vol. 1, no 1, p. 30-37Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Local development practitioners in local government administration play a significant role in the governance of local development. This category of public officials – development officers, managers, strategists, secretaries, etc. – have received some attention in the local development literature. However, the directions in the literature are just as varied as the descriptions of the different aspects of local development governance they are taking part in. That means that the overarching understanding of what local development practitioners actually do is blurred, and is left to detailed case studies with very little or no conceptual ambition. Against this backdrop, the ambition of this article is to grasp what the local development practitioner role consists of at a conceptual level.

    This article offers a better understanding of what local development practitioner roles in particular consist of and how these roles relate to existing theories of governance and public administration. In order to do so, we first clarify and refine what the literature has stressed about local development practitioners’ roles and functions, and cluster the findings into three theoretically separated roles: the coordinator, the creator and the inside lobbyist. Second, we bridge these roles with recent trends in public administration research. Finally, we discuss how this conceptualization informs us about governance modes of local development, as well as ‘new and modern’ public official roles in local government administration.

    Download full text (pdf)
    fulltext
  • 4.
    Almgren, Richard
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering. Green Business AB.
    Näringslivets insatser på miljöområdet: För Naturvårdsverket2015Report (Other academic)
    Abstract [sv]

    Uppdraget för denna rapport har varit att beskriva näringslivets insatser på miljöområdet med avseende på vilka miljöfrågor som näringslivet prioriterar, hur företagen organiserar sina insatser och vilka verktyg de använder för att förbättra sin miljöprestanda, hur de ser på några vanliga statliga styrmedel, vilka som är de viktigaste drivkrafterna och hindren till förbättrad miljöprestanda samt att även blicka utanför Sveriges gränser.

    Generationsperspektivet, ungefär 3-års cykler, på miljöfrågorna innebär att det ofta tar lång tid innan ett miljöproblem uppenbarar sig som ett problem. Likaså tar det ofta lång tid att åtgärda upptäckta problem med hänsyn till att de ofta kräver omställningar med nya tekniska lösningar, som inte alltid finns till hands, och som också behöver inför as brett i näringslivet.

    När det gäller den första frågan om vilka de viktigaste miljöfrågorna är för näringslivets del visar denna studie att det främst gäller klimatfrågan och produkternas miljöaspekter i ett värdekedjeperspektiv. Båda frågorna är globala till sin karaktär. De studerade företagen har hög beredskap och har redan påbörjat arbetet att för svensk del bidra till att minska klimatpåverkan. Innebörden av de antagna målen hos de 50 studerade företagen är att företag som verkar i Sverige enligt denna studie ska kunna medverka till att nå den nivå på insatser som IPCC indikerat för år 2050. Det är den tidpunkt som IPCC siktar på i sina senaste utvärderingar. Flera företag har vardera skisserat en trovärdig färdplan för att göra verksamheten koldioxidsnål eller koldioxidneutral till nämnda tidpunkt. Det är känt från andra liknande studier att det f rån näringslivets perspektiv dock också behövs ett politiskt mål av flera skäl, bl a för att regeringar och näringsliv i alla länder ska dra åt samma håll. Det som emellertid är intressant nu är att näringslivet i Sverige enligt denna studie har påbörjat arbetet med att finna lösningar för att nå ett ev kommande politiskt globalt mål. De studerade företagen i Sverige har även i stor utsträckning upprättat egna mål och genomför åtgärder på de områden som de nationella miljökvalitetsmålen täcker, bl a med inriktning på att begränsa förorening av luft- och vattenområden men även på att värna den biologiska mångfalden i jord- och skogsbruk samt att värna och utveckla naturvärden i den bebyggda miljön. Resultaten i form av utsläppsminskningar på de föroreningsanknutna områdena är goda även om det på flera områden återstår insatser att göra. Miljökvaliteten i Sverige på dessa områden påverkas dock främst av verksamhet i länder utanför Sveriges gränser. Den miljöpåverkan som uppstår som följd av den ökade handeln mellan länder är idag svår av kvantifiera på grund brister i lämplig statistik och mätetal. Inriktningen av handeln pekar emellertid på att Sverige exporterar mer varor med goda miljöprestanda, räknat i hela värdekedjan, än importerar varor med dåliga. Utöver nämnda områden har företagen ofta mål för användning av resurser och utveckling av förnybara energikällor.

    När det gäller den andra frågan om företagens egna insatser visar studien att det i rapporten studerade delen av näringslivet i Sverige i betydande omfattning på frivillig väg har infört egna verktyg för att effektivt kunna hantera sina miljöfrågor. Den viktigaste förändringen är att begreppet hållbar utveckling nu har slagit rot. Det medför att miljöfrågorna nu fått en tydligare plats i företagens ledningar i samverkan med andra frågor inom begreppet hållbarhet. De viktiga förebilderna för innebörden av hållbar utveckling är UN Global Compact, OECDs vägledning för multinationella företag och den internationella standarden ISO 26000 om socialt ansvarstagande. Rapporteringen av studerade företagens insatser på hållbarhetsområdet sker i stor utsträckning enligt den modell som utarbetats av GRI (Global Reporting Initiative). Den egna målstyrda verksamheten baseras väsentligen på miljöledningssystem som upprättats med stöd av den internationella miljöledningsstandarden ISO 14001, inom vilken även lagstyrda insatser hanteras internt . Syftet med sådana miljöledningssystem är att bidra med en effektiv metod att hantera miljöfrågorna i ett företag. Den logik som denna standard har byggt upp, m ed målstyrning som viktigaste komponent, lyser igenom i alla företagens hållbarhetsredovisningar. Det är alltså tydligt att ISO 14001 har fått stort genomslag i den praktiska hanteringen av miljöfrågorna. Vidare är det tydligt att företagen idag fäster sto r vikt vid att värna och utveckla den biologiska mångfalden i skogen. Mer än 70 procent av den produktiva skogsmarken i Sverige är certifierad enligt något av de stora förekommande certifieringssystemen (FSC/PEFC). Det innebär omfattande åtaganden för skog sägarna att värna om den biologiska mångfalden och att sätta av marker för naturvårdsändamål.

    När det gäller den tredje frågan om näringslivets förhållningssätt till statliga styrmedel har näringslivet i Sverige generellt sett en positiv syn på det regel verk som reglerar deras verksamhet. Efterlevnaden synes vara god av gällande regler. Den statliga individuella, integrerade tillståndsprövningen anses av berörda företag vara ett bra styrmedel. Det gäller även den europeiska kemikalielagstiftningen REACH. Däremot framgår det tydligt av studien att den nuvarande utformningen av tillståndsprövningen enligt berörda företag efter hand har blivit alldeles för omständlig och tidsmässigt utdragen. Idag tar tillståndsprocessen över tre år i genomsnitt. Det bör tydliggöras att inget företag har yrkat på att sänka miljökraven i sig utan framförallt att få tillståndsprocessen att gå fortare. Studien visar att det finns flera sådana möjligheter utan att varken göra avkall på kraven i direktiv från EU eller hänsyn till miljön. Avgiften på kväveoxider har mer eller mindre förlorat sin roll som styrmedel och fungerar numera mest som subvention av energisektorn på bekostnad av skogsindustrin. Det är framförallt skogsindustrin som framför kritik på denna punkt. Vidare ans er berörda företag att handeln med utsläppsrätter enligt EU ETS bör utvidgas till ett globalt system för att kunna bli verkningsfullt.

    När det gäller den fjärde frågan om drivkrafter och hinder för förbättrad miljöprestanda var lagstiftningen den stora drivkraften under 1970- och 1980-talen. Olika marknadsbaserade krav har numera fått en betydligt större roll än tidigare. Kraften i dessa krav skiftar från bransch till bransch och från miljöfråga till miljöfråga. En notering som stödjer tesen om att marknad en tagit över är det faktum att även de i denna undersökning utvalda företag, som inte i någon påtaglig utsträckning styrs av lagstiftning, också har ambitiösa program och planer. En annan bild av samma utveckling är relationen till kunder och andra intressenter. Det framkommer av företagen i studien att de knappast idag kan verka på marknaden samtidigt som förtroendet för företaget sviktar hos kunder och andra intressenter. En viss reservation kan dock vara befogad. Bakom olika marknadsrelaterade krav står ofta myndighetskrav eller lagstiftning. Det motsatta gäller naturligtvis också, dvs bakom lagstiftningskrav finns ofta ytterst ett krav på marknaden. Vidare är det tydligt från studien att d en värdegrund som idag omfattar de flesta svenskar, att värna om miljön, gäller också för företag. Sverige är ett relativt homogent land med en i stora delar gemensam värdegrund. En betydande del av alla insatser för miljön görs därför på helt frivillig väg av ren omtanke om miljön. Också detta bekräftas av det faktum att även de företag som inte omfattas av statliga krav på tillstånd, anmälan eller andra ”skarpa krav” också vidtar åtgärder för att skydda miljön med liknande inriktning och omfattning som de med sådana krav.

    Genomgången av olika verktyg och styrmedel får konsekvenser för de statliga och kommunala myndigheterna. Olika statliga regelverk är inte längre är det enda svaret på förbättrad miljöprestanda hos näringslivet. Det innebär att miljöpolitiken för regering och myndigheter snarare bör vara att skaffa sig ett rimligt förhållningssätt till de olika initiativen på marknaden med innebörd att staten underlättar för och stödjer företag, snarare än reglerar. Efter genomgången i denna rapport är svaret entydigt nej på frågan om det behövs kompletterande styrmedel. Det saknas i varje fall miljömotiv för det.

    Informationen för att besvara frågorna i denna undersökning har främst hämtats från en grupp av 50 stora företag med verksamhet i Sverige. Därutöver har information inhämtat s från intervjuer (11 företag, varav 6 från gruppen av 50), andra tillgängliga undersökningar och litteratur. De 55 företagen utgör inte ett representativt urval av näringslivet idag. Däremot vet vi från tidigare undersökningar att den värdegrund och de insatser som de stora företagen gör efter hand verkar som inspiration för de mindre företagen. Många av de mindre företagen är också leverantörer till de stora och har krav fr ån kunden att förhålla sig till. Det de stora företagen gör idag förmodas vara giltiga för en större del av näringslivet om några år.

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  • 5.
    Altun, Nergiz
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Social and Welfare Studies. Linköping University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences.
    Dunerholm, Katerina
    Linköping University, Department of Social and Welfare Studies. Linköping University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences.
    Palladium: en verksamhetsutvärdering2008Report (Other academic)
    Abstract [sv]

    Denna utvärdering syftar till att belysa Palladiumprojektet ur ett antal olika perspektiv. Målet är att analysera hur Palladiums verksamhet har fungerat i relation till de mål och intentioner som fanns i planeringen av projektet, både från kommunpolitikers håll och från brukarna av verksamheten, det vill säga ungdomarna. Vi har undersökt verksamhetens organisation, hur den fungerat och om det finns brister i verksamheten, samt om huruvida det finns ett fortsatt behov av Palladium i Katrineholms kommun. Utvärderingen grundar sig på dokumenten Idéskiss- kultur- och mediehus för unga i Katrineholms kommun, Palladium no smoking, och Palladium - café och kulturhus för unga, ett antal intervjuer med politiker, en tjänsteman och ungdomar som är involverade i projektets verksamhet samt en observation.

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    Palladium: En verksamhetsutvärdering
  • 6.
    Andersson, Agneta
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Medical and Health Sciences. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Carstensen, John
    Linköping University, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Health and Society. Linköping University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences.
    Levin, Lars-Åke
    Linköping University, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Health Technology Assessment and Health Economics. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Emtinger, Bengt Göran
    The National Board of Health and Welfare.
    Costs of informal care for patients in advanced home care: a population based study2003In: International Journal of Technology Assessment in Health Care, ISSN 0266-4623, E-ISSN 1471-6348, Vol. 19, no 4, p. 656-663Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Objectives: Several studies have sought to analyze the cost-effectiveness of advanced home care andhome rehabilitation. However, the costs of informal care are rarely included in economic appraisals ofhome care. This study estimates the cost of informal care for patients treated in advanced home careand analyses some patient characteristics that influence informal care costs.Methods: During one week in October 1995, data were collected on all 451 patients in advanced homecare in the Swedish county of O¨ stergo¨ tland. Costs were calculated by using two models: one includingleisure time, and one excluding leisure time. Multiple regression analysis was used to analyze factorsassociated with costs of informal care.Results: Seventy percent of the patients in the study had informal care around the clock during theweek investigated. The patients had, on average, five formal care visits per week, each of which lastedfor almost half an hour. Thus, the cost of informal care constituted a considerable part of the costof advanced home care. When the cost of leisure time was included, the cost of informal care wasestimated at SEK 5,880 per week per patient, or twice as high as total formal caregiver costs. Whenleisure time was excluded, the cost of informal care was estimated at SEK 3,410 per week per patient,which is still 1.2 times higher than formal caregiver costs (estimated at SEK 2,810 per week per patient).Informal care costs were higher among patients who were men, who were younger, who had their ownhousing, and who were diagnosed with cancer.Conclusions: Studies of advanced home care that exclude the cost of informal care substantiallyunderestimate the costs to society, regardless of whether or not the leisure time of the caregiver isincluded in the calculations.

  • 7.
    Andersson Granberg, Tobias
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Science and Technology, Communications and Transport Systems. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Fredriksson, Anna
    Linköping University, Department of Science and Technology, Communications and Transport Systems. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Pilemalm, Sofie
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Information Systems and Digitalization. Linköping University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences.
    Yousefi Mojir, Kayvan
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Information Systems and Digitalization. Linköping University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences.
    Effektivt sambruk av kommunala resurser för ökad säkerhet och trygghet2017Report (Other academic)
    Abstract [sv]

    Användandet av så kallade semiprofessionella resurser i räddningsinsatser har blivit allt vanligare i Sverige. En semiprofessionell är en person som fått utökade arbetsuppgifter inom respons och räddning inom ramen för sitt ordinarie yrke. Det kanske mest kända exemplet är väktare som responderar på den kommunala räddningstjänstens ärenden.

    I det projekt som avrapporteras här, är syftet att undersöka vilka yrkesgrupper som skulle passa bra som semiprofessionella, och vad som krävs för att de effektivt ska kunna utföra de nya arbetsuppgifterna, bland annat i form av utbildning och utrustning. Vidare syftar projektet till att utvärdera vilken samhällsnytta semiprofessionella kan bidra med. Som studieobjekt används Norrköpings kommun, och via en aktionsforskningsinspirerad metodansats är målet att projektresultaten ska kunna bidra till en ökad säkerhet och trygghet i kommunen.

    En kombination av kvalitativa och kvantitativa metoder används för att uppnå syftet. Genom workshops identifieras först fyra potentiella yrkesgrupper (räddningstjänstens dagtidspersonal, hemtjänstpersonal, förvaltningsentreprenörer och väktare), för vilka detaljerad data erhålls via fokusgruppsintervjuer. En grupp (räddningstjänstens dagtidspersonal) väljs ut för vidare analys, och ytterligare en workshop genomförs, plus ett experiment i form av en simulerad olycka där semiprofessionella får göra en första insats. En prototyp av ett utlarmningssystem tas fram, inklusive en smartphoneapplikation som de semiprofessionella kan använda för att ta emot och hantera larm. Med hjälp av applikationen utförs ett experiment där historiska larm skickas till potentiella semiprofessionella under två månaders tid, och de får svara på om de kan åka eller inte, samtidigt som deras position noteras. Genom att jämföra deltagarnas uppskattade insatstider med räddningstjänstens historiska, kan möjliga insatstidsförkortningar beräknas. Detta kompletteras med en bedömning av vad de kan bidra med i respektive händelse.

    Bedömningen görs enligt en strukturerad metod av professionell personal från två olika räddningstjänstorganisationer. De beräknade insatstiderna och den skattade förmågan vägs samman till en monetär nytta av den semiprofessionella insatsen.

    Resultatet visar att det finns ett stort antal yrkesgrupper som skulle kunna vara lämpliga att nyttja som semiprofessionella. I rapporten redovisas en lista med 23 grupper som anses ha potential och möjlighet att utföra räddningsinsatser som en del av sitt yrke. Vidare redovisas ett antal utmaningar och möjligheter, baserat på analysen av de fyra utvalda grupperna. En konkret sammanställning har gjorts i form av listor på utbildning och utrustning som krävs för att de effektivt kunna utföra sitt nya uppdrag. Dessa krav är förhållandevis enkla att uppfylla, och handlar om grundläggande utbildning i riskbedömning, brandsläckning och livräddande åtgärder, samt utrustning som tex handbrandsläckare och förbandslåda. Mer utmanande är de organisatoriska förändringar som är nödvändiga för att de semiprofessionella akut ska kunna lämna sina pågående arbetsuppgifter, samt hur utlarmningen ska kunna integreras i de tekniska system som används för professionella räddningsresurser. Vidare visar resultaten att semiprofessionella kan larmas, och förväntas göra nytta på en stor mängd olika typer av händelser, dock främst vid händelser med personskador eller akuta sjukdomsförlopp. Den monetära nyttan av att införa ett fåtal (i snitt 3,4 st) semiprofessionella i Norrköping och Linköpings kommuner beräknades till mellan 600 000 och 2 400 000 kr per år, beroende på hur lång tid det tar för de semiprofessionella ifrån att de får larm tills de påbörjar färden mot händelseplatsen.

    En slutsats från projektet är att semiprofessionella skulle bidra till en ökad säkerhet och trygghet i Norrköping kommun, om de används som förstainsatsresurser, som ett komplement till befintlig professionell räddningspersonal.

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  • 8.
    Andersson, Ragnar
    Linköping University, Department for Studies of Social Change and Culture, Department of Culture Studies. Linköping University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences. Linköping University, Department of Social and Welfare Studies. Linköping University, REMESO - Institute for Research on Migration, Ethnicity and Society.
    Inclusion of immigrants -- effects of diffent kinds of partnerships2008In: Partnership: As a Stragegy for Social Innovation and Sustainable Change / [ed] Lennart Svensson, Barbro Nilsson, Stockholm: Santérus Academic Press , 2008, 1, p. 159-172Chapter in book (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    Is partnership as an organisational principle a way to overcome the limitations of project-organisation and its focus on short-term outcomes? Or is the interest in partnership organisations only an expression of a trend or a fashion in the growing market for organisational development in complex situations? In this book 14 scholars get new data and make careful analysis of the partnership organisation both in theory and in practice. They analyse the effectiveness of the partnership organisation in implementing changes and innovation with long-term effects rather than short-term results. The ambition is to address practical dilemmas and problems in the partnership organisation by using different theoretical perspectives - theories about organisational learning, strategies for change, power and empowerment, gender analysis, governance and participation etc. The research presented is valuable in order to achieve deeper understanding of the pros and cons with the partnership organisation. When can it be useful? What kind of problems can be addressed? Which conditions are necessary if the partnership model is to be used? Editors are Lennart Svensson, professor of sociology at the University of Linkoping, Sweden and Barbro Nilsson, Ph.D. and lecturer of pedagogic at the Institution of Behaviour Science learning at the University of Linkoping. Also contributing are Ken Caplan, Leda Stott, Erik Lindhult, Ingela Malqvist, Marianne Parmsund, Ann-Christine Larsson, Maria Bogren, Sofia Wistus, Ragnar Andersson, Hanna Westberg, Anette Scoppetta and Gun Hedlund.

  • 9.
    Andersson, Staffan
    et al.
    Linnéuniversitetet .
    Erlingsson, Gissur Ó
    Linköping University, Department for Studies of Social Change and Culture, Centre for Municipality Studies – CKS. Linköping University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences.
    New public management and risks for corruption: the case of Sweden2012In: The social construction of corruption in Europe / [ed] Dirk Täzler, Konstadinos Maras and Angelos Giannakopoulos, London: Ashgate, 2012, p. 33-57Chapter in book (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    Demonstrates the suitability of the theory of social constructivism in portraying and analyzing the diversity of the phenomenon of corruption. This title contains case studies of social definitions of corruption in eleven European countries that contribute in different ways to establishing a grounded theory of the phenomenon of corruption.

  • 10.
    Andreassen, Felicia
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Political Science.
    Demokrati i gråzonen?: En demokratiteoretisk värdering av överenskommelsen mellan staten och Sveriges Kommuner och Regioner (SKR) om förlossningsvård och kvinnors hälsa 2023.2023Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (Two Years)), 20 credits / 30 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    The relationship between the Swedish government and the Swedish Association of Local Authorities and Regions (SALAR) has sparked debates, particularly regarding the agreements established in the healthcare sector. These agreements strive to ensure national equivalence while allowing municipal influence in governance. However, the agreements entail closed negotiations and bestow decision-making authority upon SALAR – a non-public employers' and interest organization funded by tax money – representing the municipalities. Despite their significance, limited research has explored the utilization and repercussions of these agreements, especially concerning their democratic implications. This knowledge gap is striking given the regional authorities' substantial management of tax revenues and primary responsibility for healthcare, as regional democracy has received scant attention in political science research and society.

    Therefore, this thesis aims to bridge this gap by mapping and evaluating the democratic legitimacy of the agreement development process between the government and SALAR. The focus of analysis is on the 2023 agreement relating to maternity care and women's health. The empirical material includes accessible documents, as well as interviews with individuals knowledgeable about the decision-making process and those anticipated to have gained insights.

    Through reconstructing the decision-making process and employing two contrasting democratic ideals – the traditional representative model and the network-based multi-actor model – this study uncovers the challenges encountered in upholding these ideals during the agreement development. Notably, the democratic values of accountability, openness, and transparency were significantly compromised. Therefore, the decision-making process can be assessed as lacking full democratic legitimacy.

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  • 11.
    Andreassen, Felicia
    Linköping University, Department of Culture and Society, Centre for Local Government Studies. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Demokrati i gråzonen?: en demokratiteoretisk värdering av överenskommelsen mellan staten och Sveriges Kommuner och Regioner (SKR) om förlossningsvård och kvinnors hälsa 20232023Report (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    The relationship between the Swedish government and the Swedish Association of Local Authorities and Regions (SALAR) has sparked debates, particularly regarding the agreements established in the healthcare sector. These agreements strive to ensure national equivalence while allowing municipal influence in governance. However, the agreements entail closed negotiations and bestow decision-making authority upon SALAR – a non-public employers’ and interest organization funded by tax money – representing the municipalities. Despite their significance, limited research has explored the utilization and repercussions of these agreements, especially concerning their democratic implications. This knowledge gap is striking given the regional authorities’ substantial management of tax revenues and primary responsibility for healthcare, as regional democracy has received scant attention in political science research and society.

    Therefore, this thesis aims to bridge this gap by mapping and evaluating the democratic legitimacy of the agreement development process between the government and SALAR. The focus of analysis is on the 2023 agreement relating to maternity care and women’s health. The empirical material includes accessible documents, as well as interviews with individuals knowledgeable about the decision-making process and those anticipated to have gained insights.

    Through reconstructing the decision-making process and employing two contrasting democratic ideals – the traditional representative model and the network-based multi-actor model – this study uncovers the challenges encountered in upholding these ideals during the agreement development. Notably, the democratic values of accountability, openness, and transparency were significantly compromised. Therefore, the decision-making process can be assessed as lacking full democratic legitimacy.

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  • 12. Order onlineBuy this publication >>
    Andréasson, Ester
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Political Science. Linköping University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences.
    Digitalisering i den offentliga förvaltningen: IT, värden och legitimitet2015Doctoral thesis, monograph (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    We live in a society where the importance of digitalisation grows in every day life as well as in the workplace. In this dissertation the development of the digitalisation of public administration is studied – this development is usually referred to as egovernment. The main focus of the analysis in this dissertation is to gain a better understanding of the meanings of values in these digitalisation processes in public organisations. Three qualitative, interpretative case studies make up the foundation for this analysis. The first case is an analysis of Swedish e-government policies. The two other cases focus on organisational practices in public administration; the County Council of Östergötland and the Swedish Social Insurance Agency. These case studies have been based on interviews, document studies and observations. Theoretically the analyses of the dissertation build on theories of public values, legitimacy and the interplay between organisation and technology. The analyses show which values are given importance in digitalisation processes and how digitalisation can affect basic democratic values in public organisations. The results of the dissertation can be summarised in three comprehensive conclusions: 1) The digitalisation of the public administration is context dependent and takes place in an interplay between technology, policy and administration and the specific values which constitute these different domains. 2) The development towards e-government comprises a multitude of values, and is inspired and shaped by different sets of values. 3) The digitalisation can influence the role of the democratic values in public organisations, and therefore affect the legitimacy of the public administration. The main contribution of this dissertation is a deeper understanding of what implications e-government reforms can have for the administrations democratic values and its legitimacy. Processes of digitalisation are not value neutral, but are booth shaped by and shape values in the interplay between technology, political goals and the administrations particular organisational forms. Hereby, awareness of the values of digitalisation becomes crucial when e-government reforms are initiated and carried out. Further research on how technology and public organisations shape each other can contribute to uphold the legitimacy of public administration in a digitalised world.

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  • 13.
    Andréasson, Ester
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Political Science. Linköping University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences.
    Utvecklingen av e-legitimationer i Sverige: – en studie av det privata och det offentligas roller2011Conference paper (Other academic)
    Abstract [sv]

    Detta papper är framförallt ett empiriskt explorativt sådant, som behandlar en pågående utvecklingsprocess i offentlig förvaltning.

    Idag samverkar ofta både privata och offentliga aktörer i formande och verkställande av offentlig policy. Exempel på policyområden där detta är vanligt förekommande är skola, äldreomsorg och primärvård. Jag argumenterar i detta papper för att även IT-utveckling i offentlig sektor – e-förvaltning – är ett sådant område där gränserna mellan privat och offentligt suddas ut allt mer.

    I papperet undersöks ett specifikt empiriskt område inom e-förvaltningen – utvecklingen kring en ny struktur för e-legitimationer i Sverige. Denna analyseras med hjälp av Lennart J. Lundqvists privatiseringsmatris, som här används som ett verktyg för att för att åskådliggöra och diskutera hur olika förslag till organisering av infrastruktur för e-legitimationer i Sverige innebär olika former av samspel mellan privata och offentliga organisationer.

    Papperet avslutas med att fyra olika förslag till framtida forskningsinriktningar kring det aktuella forskningsområdet presenteras.

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    Utvecklingen av e-legitimationer i Sverige – en studie av det privata och det offentligas roller
  • 14.
    Assmo, Per
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Political Science. Linköping University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences.
    Wihlborg, Elin
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Political Science. Linköping University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences.
    Public Services Choices When There Are No Alternatives?: A Paradox of New Public Management in Rural Areas2012In: Journal of Rural and Community Development, E-ISSN 1712-8277, Vol. 7, no 2, p. 1-17Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    There is a common decrease in services in rural areas around the world. This is not at least the case regarding public services, since the decreasing population also decreases the resources available for local public services. The aim of this article is to critically analyse challenges of New Public Management in a rural area community in Sweden to discuss the complex double management role (as employer and as service provider) of the rural municipality. The core of NPM is based on a private sector ethos and is thus also heavily influenced by corporate sector techniques and management. In this paradigm cost effectiveness and efficiency become the dominant considerations for how the state is run. It becomes even more problematic in rural areas without a critical mass of customers (former citizens) and additional costs for transportation. This is illustrated by a discussion of local schools. The analysis shows that even non-monetary resources should be taken into account to reach legitimate policy changes in rural communities. This opens for a creative discussion on time-spatial localized policy-making including extending the interpretations of local resources.

     

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    Public Services Choices When There Are No Alternatives
  • 15.
    Axelsson, Kim
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Political Science.
    Massi Nylander, Jonas
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Political Science.
    Vilken överdokumentation?: En kvalitativ studie om förskollärares dokumentations - och administrationsarbete och dess anknytning till professionalisering och tidsbrist2023Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Drawing inspiration from the authors own term paper, this thesis examines the documentational and administrative workload of Swedish pre-school teachers. The focus being on its relationship with New Public Management, professionalization, deprofessionalization, and pre-school teachers' experiences of time constraints. The study itself consists of interviews with 15 individuals, thirteen of which are pre-school teachers, and 2 pre-school principals, most of whom work in the same municipality. These municipalities, as well as the true names and workplaces of the respondents, have been anonymized. The analysis centers around the respondents' perspectives on documentation, professionalization, deprofessionalization, and perceived lack of time. Findings indicate that respondents generally believed documentation to be pedagogically valuable for children's learning and progress, reflecting a perception of professionalization with occasional instances of deprofessionalization. However, the extent to which these scenarios represent pre-schools overall remains unclear. Notably, most respondents expressed a lack of time for their daily tasks, attributing it primarily to understaffing rather than the documentational and administrative workload itself. The study concludes that pre-school teachers find the documentational and administrative workload time-consuming and frustrating. It observes that documentation is perceived as an integral aspect of the pedagogical process. The emphasis on the pedagogic nature of pre-school reflects a continuous professionalization process and status elevation strategies employed by teachers, which has resulted in increased documentation. This insight may help explain the absence of negative experiences associated with the documentational workload.

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  • 16.
    Backström, Elin
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Political Science. Linköping University, Department of Culture and Society, Centre for Local Government Studies. Linköping University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences.
    Regionalisering underifrån?: En studie av kommuners kapacitet till regional samordning av gymnasieutbildningar genom mellankommunal samverkan2020Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (Two Years)), 20 credits / 30 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    With potential of increased efficiency and a broader range of services, inter-municipal cooperation is often presented as a universal solution to public welfare challenges. Today, all Swedish municipalities are involved in inter-municipal cooperation in various policy areas. However, little is known about the municipalities’ capacity to coordinate their cooperation arrangements in the complex network of institutions and overlapping territories that characterise the regional level of governance. Building on the institutional collective action framework and the concept of governance capacity, this study examines how the municipalities’ capacity for regional coordination of upper secondary education in the city region of Örebro County varies depending on the institutional structures, the opportunities for cooperation and the social capital that embed the inter-municipal arrangements. The empirical study is based on a mixed method approach; where a qualitative content analysis of public documents is combined with interviews of representatives from different inter-municipal arrangements in Örebro County.

    By analysing how inter-municipal cooperation on upper secondary education has emerged and developed in Örebro County, this study shows how the municipalities have established institutions at two different levels. In Örebro County, regional networks and contracts operate in parallel with local agreements and municipal associations with delegated authority – only including a few municipalities in the city region. Several of the cooperation arrangements also include actors from the private sector and different levels of governance. The emergence of these inter-municipal cooperation arrangements can be interpreted as an institutional outcome of the municipalities' intrinsic motives to ensure a wide range of education to their local citizens as well as the need to secure the supply of skills and workforce in private and public sector. But it can also be interpreted as a strategy for the smaller municipalities to ensure their influence and governance capacity in the city region – which has a built- in power asymmetry linked to the municipalities’ heterogeneity. The emergence of the cooperation arrangements also illustrates a path dependent development, where the municipalities’ historical collaboration tradition determines which institutions that emerge and to which degree social capital can be established. Particularly noteworthy in the emergence of the inter-municipal cooperation in Örebro County is the presence of government, which manifests itself through conditional financing of the inter-municipal cooperation arrangements.

    Thus, within one and the same geographical city region, and within one and the same policy area, there is an overlap of different inter-municipal collaborative arrangements and functional regions, which has emerged in a symbiosis of both horizontal and vertical relations. As a result, the regionalisation that the municipalities create “bottom up”, through voluntary cooperation, work in parallel with the regionalisation that is created “top down”, through formal regional institutions.

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    Regionalisering underifrån - Backström
  • 17.
    Backström, Elin
    Linköping University, Department of Culture and Society, Centre for Local Government Studies. Linköping University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences.
    Samverkansmaskineriet: Regional samverkan om yrkesutbildning och kompetensförsörjning i Göteborgsregionen2021Report (Other academic)
    Abstract [sv]

    Stadsregioner har under senare decennier blivit centrala arenor for samhällsorganisering och samverkan. En stadsregion består av en stad med kranskommuner, vilka binds samman av bland annat bostadsmarknad, arbetspendling och politiska samarbeten. Med utgångpunkt i teoretiska perspektiv om stadsregionalism undersöker denna rapport hur samverkan i stadsregioner utvecklas, med fokus på hur detta involverar och beror kommuner. Rapporten har två mal: 1) att öka förståelsen för de samhällsprocesser som formar kommuners samverkan i stadsregioner samt 2) bidra till lärdomar om hur kapacitet till samordning och styrning kan byggas upp i samverkan.

    Rapporten baseras på en fallstudie om kommuners samverkan om yrkesutbildning och kompetensförsörjning i Göteborgsregionen – en stadsregion som geografiskt kan avgränsas till Göteborgs stad och dess tolv kranskommuner. Rapporten avgränsas till att undersöka samverkan inom Göteborgsregionens kommunalförbund (GR). Fallstudien baseras främst på intervjuer med 25 representanter från offentliga och privata organisationer som samverkar om yrkesutbildning och kompetensförsörjning i Göteborgsregionen. Analysen av fallet bygger dessutom på en genomgång av tidigare studier, utredningar och formella samverkansavtal.

    Resultatet från fallstudien visar att kommuners samverkan i Göteborgsregionen har vuxit fram och förändrats i takt med stadsregionens ekonomiska expansion och nya politisk-administrativa strukturer. Studien visar att samverkansstrukturerna grundas på en lång tradition av samverkan mellan offentliga aktorer och näringslivet i Göteborgsregionen. Under de senaste decennierna har samverkan institutionaliserats och formaliserats genom mellankommunala avtal, förbund och bolag samt tvärsektoriella nätverk och projekt.

    Samtidigt som samverkan kan härledas till kommunernas strävan att främja regional kompetensförsörjning och skapa en effektiv välfärdsservice med hög kvalitet, har samverkan även formats av externa faktorer. Samverkan om yrkesutbildning och kompetensförsörjning inom Göteborgsregionen har bland annat utvecklats i ett samspel med utvecklingsprocesser som drivits av Västra Götalandsregionen. Samverkan har också uppmuntrats av statliga bidrag och EU-finansierade projekt. Fallstudien visar aven att ekonomiska och samhälleliga kriser främjar samverkan. I Göteborgsregionen har exempelvis fordonsindustrins omställningsbehov och utbrottet av Covid-19 ökat mobiliseringen av omställnings- och yrkesutbildningsinsatser.

    Göteborgsregionen kan beskrivas som ett väloljat samverkansmaskineri. Kommunernas olika samverkansnätverk inom GR binds tydligt samman med varandra samt med tvärsektoriella samarbeten med näringsliv och arbetsmarknadens parter. Strukturen upplevs skapa en hög samverkanskapacitet, det vill säga förmåga att samla aktörer, mobilisera resurser, skapa gemensamma aktiviteter och hantera regionala kompetensutmaningar. Samverkan kompliceras dock av att ett stort antal aktörer och verksamheter ska koordineras. Likaså finns inslag av konkurrens i samverkan, där frågor om inflytande och kommunalt självstyre gör sig påminda.

    I rapporten presenteras fem lärdomar om vad som främjar kapaciteten till samordning och styrning av ett regionalt ’samverkansmaskineri’. Dessa beror 1) formella samverkansstrukturers potential att öka samverkans effektivitet och legitimitet, 2) vikten av att väga regional samordning mot kommunalt självstyre, 3) betydelsen av professionell samordning av samverkan, dar en aktör tar särskilt ansvar för koordinering och processledning, 4) den potentiella framgången i att samverka i en heterogen konstellation dar en större kommun blir ett ”nav” för samverkan, samt 5) vikten av att samverkansparter själva formulerar en regional vision för att därefter, genom delägarskap och aktivt deltagande, formera den stadsregionala samverkan efter regionala förutsättningar.

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  • 18.
    Baum Husberg, Ines
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering.
    Den Europeiska unionen: förenad i mångfald?: En jämförande analys av den Europeiska unionens uttalanden i samband med flyktingkriserna år 2015 (Syrien) och år 2022 (Ukraina), med utgångspunkt i direktivet om tillfälligt skydd (2001/55/EG).2023Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (Two Years)), 20 credits / 30 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Since Russia's military invasion of Ukraine in 2022, the European Union (EU) has acted in a different and innovative manner. The cooperation has been united and expressed itself in new ways, such as activating the temporary protection directive, as well as making a historic decision to send lethal equipment to Ukraine. However, in previous refugee crises, the EU has acted upon the status quo and suffered from uneven distribution of responsibility between the member states. The absence of cooperation and the pursuit for a unified identity have challenged the European Union's motto of "United in diversity," thus prompting research to be conducted. This case study seeks to examine how the social constructivist perspective, with a collective approach, can contribute to an understanding of the EU, as a global actor. The aim is to shed light on motives and factors that may have influenced the decision-making of the European union. To achieve this, the study employs a methodological discourse analysis of public documents from diverse institutions, thus the primary source. The results reveal that the social constructivist perspective can visualise patterns in how the European union discusses the collective, depending on different occasions and who is granted legitimacy to do so. Additionally, the study advocates for further research from a social constructivist perspective and suggests the inclusion of rational choice institutionalism in future studies.

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    Ines Baum Husberg Masteruppsats i Statsvetenskap 2023 VT
  • 19.
    Behtoui, Alireza
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Social and Welfare Studies, REMESO - Institute for Research on Migration, Ethnicity and Society. Linköping University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences.
    Boréus, Kristina
    Statsvetenskapliga institutionen, Uppsala universitet.
    Neergaard, Anders
    Linköping University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences. Linköping University, Department of Social and Welfare Studies, REMESO - Institute for Research on Migration, Ethnicity and Society.
    Yazdanpanah, Soheyla
    Linköpings universitet.
    Att verka för jämlika arbetsplatser: en studie av jämlikhet och ojämlikhet mellan anställda i äldrevården2017Report (Other academic)
    Abstract [sv]

    Den här rapporten redovisar resultat från en studie på ett antal äldreboenden i en större svensk kommun. Syftet har varit att undersöka hur jämlikhet mellan olika grupper av anställda – i första hand mellan personer i befattningarna undersköterska och sjukvårdsbiträde – kan gynnas.

    Studien har genomförts av fyra forskare och bekostats av det statliga Vetenskapsrådet. Den är alltså varken beställd eller planerad av kommunen ifråga. Forskarna är helt ansvariga för alla delar av studiens uppläggning, genomförande och resultat.

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    Att verka för jämlika arbetsplatser: En studie av jämlikhet och ojämlikhet mellan anställda i äldrevården
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  • 20.
    Bengtsson, Kristofer
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of Clinical Sciences. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences.
    Jonson, Carl-Oscar
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of Clinical Sciences. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Region Östergötland, Center for Disaster Medicine and Traumatology.
    Prytz, Erik G.
    Linköping University, Department of Computer and Information Science, Human-Centered systems. Linköping University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences.
    Framtidens skadeplats: intervjuer med landstingens beredskapssamordnare2016Report (Other academic)
    Abstract [sv]

    Syftet med föreliggande studie var att genom intervjuer med beredskapssamordnare från Sveriges landsting försöka skapa en bild av hur uppfattningen var att skadeplatsen såg ut idag och skulle kunna kommat att förändras på sikt. Vidare önskade intervjustudien söka svar på frågor som rörde komplexiteten på skadeplatsen genom att diskutera ledningsförhållanden, samverkan med andra aktörer, alarmerings- och dirigeringsfunktionernas roll i det svenska sjukvårdsystemet samt hur ett möjligt arbete med ett återtagande av förmågan till ett civilt försvar skulle påverka systemet i sin helhet. Överlag har detta syfte uppnåtts genom ett rikt material kring relevanta frågeställningar som belyst ett flertal kritiska aspekter både i dagens situation men även för framtiden.

    Resultatet ger en relativt entydig bild av hur situationen uppfattas på landstingsnivå idag av personalen som behandlar beredskapsfrågorna. Den bild som målas upp fokuserar kanske främst på en upplevd avsaknad av centrala och nationellt övergripande styrningar vilket menligt påverkar förmågan att lyfta ledningsförmågan från regional till nationell nivå vid en större händelse som överstiger den regionala förmågan. Den svenska modellen för att hantera samhällsstörningar av idag är väl anpassad för att hantera händelser inom ramen för det egna länets geografiska område. Befintliga koncept för samverkan och samordning bedöms fungera bra i vardagen, exempelvis vid de vanligaste fallen av skadeplatser: trafik och brand. Detta innebär dock att systemet fungerar väl under förutsättning att händelsen är begränsad i såväl tid och rum som vad avser antalet drabbade. En större händelse eller flera händelser samtidigt på olika platser, särskilt om det finns försvårande faktorer såsom utsläpp av farliga ämnen eller en högre hotbild, skapar försvårande omständigheter som upplevs svårhanterliga idag. I ett framtida scenario upplevs även risken för dessa händelser och terrorattacker att öka. Avhängigheten av IT samt ett samhälle som i allt högre grad förlitar sig på ”just in time”-leveranser gör att sårbarheten har ökat och upplevs fortsätta göra det även i framtiden. Andra viktiga områden som lyfts är nuvarande och befarad framtida brist på kompetent personal samt att utbildnings- och övningsverksamhet inte kan bedrivas i önskvärd utsträckning, delvis på grund av personalbrist och –omsättning.

    Vidare syns den generella uppfattningen vara att det saknas ett tydligt ledarskap på nationell nivå då det sällan, om alls, utkommer några direkta styrningar rörande vad som skall uppnås och i vilken utsträckning. Detta har också påvisats i avsnittet ovan rörande före-, under- och efterperspektivet där det finns en klart övervägande del synpunkter på de två förstnämnda perspektiven. Nationell styrning är alltså något som uppfattas vara efterfrågat och då inte bara avseende ledning under insats utan även i frågor rörande enhetlig utrustning och metodik samt utbildnings- och övningsfrågor. Få respondenter har tagit upp efterperspektivet i någon större utsträckning men då det har förekommit har det framförallt berört erfarenhetshanteringsfrågor och den brist som upplevs finnas inom detta specifika område idag. Erfarenheter från den egna verksamheten, såväl i vardagen som vid insatser vid allvarliga händelser, behöver tas om hand, följas upp och sedan utgöra grund för ett levande utvecklingsarbete.

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    Framtidens skadeplats: intervjuer med landstingens beredskapssamordnare
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  • 21.
    Bergh, Andreas
    et al.
    Nationalekonomiska institutionen, Lund, Sweden; Institutet för näringslivsforskning.
    Erlingsson, Gissur Ó
    Linköping University, Department of Culture and Society, Centre for Local Government Studies. Linköping University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences.
    Kommunala bolag – i vems intresse?: Tre slutsatser om kommunpolitikers syn på de kommunala bolagens styrelser och vad de bör representera2020In: Nordisk Administrativt Tidsskrift, ISSN 0029-1285, Vol. 97, no 1, p. 1-16Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [sv]

    I denna uppsats redovisas resultat från en enkätundersökning besvarad av 648 fullmäktigeledamöter och bolagstyrelseledamöter i 30 svenska kommuner. Vi visar att det råder betydande oenighet bland kommunpolitiker kring huruvida ledamöter i kommunala bolagsstyrelseri första hand bör representera kommunens eller bolagets intressen. Oenighet råder även om i vilken utsträckning bolagsstyrelseledamöterna bör representera sitt partis intressen,därpolitiker från s, v och mp är mer benägna än politiker från övriga partier att anse att styrelseledamöterna bör representera sitt partis intressen. Resultaten är tankeväckandei ljuset av attkommunala bolag har funnits länge i Sverige, attantalet är trendmässigt stigandesamt attallvarlig kritik har riktats motatt majoriteten av bolagens styrelseledamöter rekryteras på politisk grund. Vissaar påpekat att de kommunala bolagens styrelser saknar adekvat kunskap om vad det innebär att bedriva företag, andra har uppmärksammat att det riskerar att politisera bolagensamt kortsluta förutsättningar för ansvarsutkrävande. Styrelseuppdraget kompliceras av att kommunala bolag verkar under både offentlig och privat rätt. Observationerna i uppsatsen utgör ett viktigt bidrag tillforskningen om kommunala bolag. Det vi ser kanutgöra potentiella problemeftersom det är enkeltatt föreställa sig att intresse-och målkonflikter uppstår avseende huruvida en styrelseledamot ska låta sina ställningstaganden styras av partipolitiska hänsynalternativtkommunens eller bolagets intressen.

  • 22.
    Bergh, Andreas
    et al.
    Lunds universitet, Lund, Sweden.
    Erlingsson, Gissur Ó
    Linköping University, Department of Culture and Society, Centre for Local Government Studies. Linköping University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences.
    Kommunala bolag: fler nackdelar än fördelar?2022Report (Other (popular science, discussion, etc.))
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  • 23.
    Bergh, Andreas
    et al.
    Lunds universitet.
    Erlingsson, Gissur Ó
    Linköping University, Department of Culture and Society, Centre for Local Government Studies. Linköping University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences.
    Public choice2022In: Perspektiv på offentlig förvaltning: teori i praktiken / [ed] Linda Alamaa, Stina Melander, Ylva Stubbergaard, Lund: Studentlitteratur AB, 2022, Vol. Sidorna 79-101, p. 79-101Chapter in book (Other academic)
    Abstract [sv]

    I synnerhet inom anglosaxisk samhällsvetenskap är public choice ett inflytelserikt perspektiv för att förstå och förklara utfall i politiken. Inom svensk förvaltningsforskning, däremot, har perspektivet använts mycket sparsamt. Traditionen tog form på 1960-talet bland amerikanska forskare. Det går tillbaka till verk som med tiden har kommit att bli klassiker inom fältet, såsom Anthony Downs Inside Bureaucracy (1964), Gordon Tullocks The Politics of Bureaucracy (1965), William Niskanens artikel "Nonmarket decision making. The peculiar economics of bureaucracy" (1968) samt dennes bok Bureaucracy and public economics (1971/1974). Enkelt uttryckt bygger public choice på idén att politiker och byråkrater är individer med egna mål och värderingar, mål och värderingar som inte nödvändigtvis är i linje med vad som förväntas av deras yrkesroller eller står i samklang med allmännyttan. Enligt public choice-traditionen kan detta ta sitt uttryck i att enskilda byråkrater regelmässigt förordar beslut som går i linje med dessa individers egna och högst privata intressen. På motsvarande sätt är de beredda att obstruera beslut och instruktioner om de går emot samma intressen. I detta kapitel kommer vi att ge William Niskanens idéer om den budgetmaximerade förvaltningen stort utrymme. Niskanen menade att tjänstemännens - och i förlängningen förvaltningens - beteende primärt kan förstås utifrån deras egenintresse (framför allt att maximera lön, status och prestige). Vår ambition är att illustrera hur public choice - avseende bestämda frågor och under vissa omständigheter - kan utgöra ett fruktbart verktyg för att begripliggöra den offentliga förvaltningen.

  • 24.
    Bergh, Andreas
    et al.
    Lunds universitet.
    Erlingsson, Gissur Ó
    Linköping University, Department of Culture and Society, Centre for Local Government Studies. Linköping University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences.
    Vad hände med Sveriges reformförmåga?2023Report (Other academic)
  • 25.
    Bergh, Andreas
    et al.
    Lunds universitet, Sweden.
    Erlingsson, Gissur Ó
    Linköping University, Department for Studies of Social Change and Culture, Centre for Municipality Studies – CKS. Linköping University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences.
    Gustafsson, Anders
    Jönköping Business School, Sweden; The Ratio Institute, Sweden.
    Wittberg, Emanuel
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, The Institute for Analytical Sociology, IAS. Linköping University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences.
    Municipally Owned Enterprises as Danger Zones for Corruption?: How Politicians Having Feet in Two Camps May Undermine Conditions for Accountabilit2019In: Public Integrity, ISSN 1099-9922, E-ISSN 1558-0989, Vol. 21, no 3, p. 320-352Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The market-inspired reforms of New Public Management have been particularly pronounced in Swedish local government. Notably, municipally owned enterprises (MOEs) have rapidly grown in numbers. Principal-agent theory gives rise to the hypothesis that the massive introduction of MOEs has impacted negatively on the conditions for accountability in Swedish local government. To study this, social network analysis was employed in mapping networks for 223 MOEs in 11 strategically chosen municipalities, covering a total of 732 politicians. The analysis reveals substantial overlaps between principals (representatives of the ultimate stakeholders, citizens) and agents (the boards of the MOEs). Hence, corporatization of public services seems to imply worrisome entanglements between the politicians who are set to steer, govern, and oversee MOEs on the one hand, and the board members of MOEs on the other. The increasing numbers of MOEs may therefore have adverse effects on accountability in important and growing parts of Swedish local government.

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  • 26.
    Bergh, Andreas
    et al.
    Lunds universitet, Lund, Sverige.
    Erlingsson, Gissur Ó
    Linköping University, Department for Studies of Social Change and Culture, Centre for Municipality Studies – CKS. Linköping University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences.
    Sjölin, Mats
    Växjö universitet, Växjö, Sverige.
    Öhrvall, Richard
    Institutet för Näringslivsforskning, Stockholm, Sverige.
    Allmän nytta eller egen vinning?: En ESO-rapport om korruption på svenska2013Report (Other academic)
    Abstract [sv]

    Sverige är inte befriat från korruption och svenskarna upplever i högre utsträckning än medborgarna  i andra nordiska  länder att den offentliga  sektorn  är korrumperad. Det  är ett problem som måste tas på allvar. Många kommunala verksamheter är särskilt sårbara för korruption och det finns tydliga brister i granskningen av kommunernas ekonomi.

    Rapporten tar upp väsentliga frågor på ett enkelt och lättfattligt sätt. Analysen ger också en god vägledning i var problemen kan uppkomma och vilka åtgärder som kan vara ändamålsenliga. Därför är jag övertygad om att rapporten utgör en god grund för den fortsatta diskussionen om korruption i Sverige. Rapportarbetet har följts av en referensgrupp med god insikt i dessa frågor. Ansvarig för gruppen har varit Yvonne Gustafsson, ledamot i ESO:s styrelse. Författarna svarar själva för de slutsatser som presenteras i rapporten.

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  • 27.
    Bergh, Andreas
    et al.
    Department of Economics, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
    Erlingsson, Gissur Ó
    Linköping University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences. Linköping University, Department of Culture and Society, Centre for Local Government Studies.
    Wittberg, Emanuel
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, The Institute for Analytical Sociology, IAS. Linköping University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences.
    What happens when municipalities run corporations?: Empirical evidence from 290 Swedish municipalities2022In: Local Government Studies, ISSN 0300-3930, E-ISSN 1743-9388, Vol. 48, no 4, p. 704-727Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Local governments are increasingly relying on municipally owned corporations (MOCs) to provide public services. Some describe this development as a rational response to austerity challenges and emphasise the cost-efficiency of MOCs (‘the optimistic view’). Others identify complications and associate MOCs with weak supervision, lack of accountability, and corruption risks (‘the sceptical view’). Hitherto, no studies have analysed these opposing claims on MOCs in the one and same inquiry. We address this gap by focusing on Sweden, which has experienced a dramatic growth in the number of MOCs. We examine the association between the number of MOCs, the business climate, satisfaction with local government, local tax rates, and a corruption index for all 290 Swedish municipalities. Putting the ‘optimistic view’ into doubt, results indicate that municipalities relying heavily on MOCs are associated with more perceived corruption and higher taxes but do not have more satisfied citizens nor a better business climate.

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  • 28.
    Bergh, Andreas
    et al.
    Lunds universitet.
    Erlingsson, Gissur Ó
    Linköping University, Department for Studies of Social Change and Culture, Centre for Municipality Studies – CKS. Linköping University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences.
    Öhrvall, Richard
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Political Science. Linköping University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences.
    Sjölin, Mats
    Linnéuniversitetet.
    A Clean House?: studies of corruption in Sweden2016Book (Other academic)
  • 29.
    Bergström, Annie
    et al.
    Linköping University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences. Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Political Science.
    Rita Kostet, Rebecka
    Linköping University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences. Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Political Science.
    Att hantera två folkviljor - en utmaning för den lokala demokratin: En studie om hur folkomröstningar påverkar kommunalt beslutsfattande inom infrastrukturområdet2022Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (Two Years)), 20 credits / 30 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    In recent years, the number of local referendums in Sweden has increased. Referendumsallow citizens to influence specific political issues directly, and the instrument is advisory todecision-makers. At the same time, referendums have become a complex issue in manySwedish municipalities. They pose a fundamental challenge to local democracy - to deal withtwo legitimate popular wills representing two different ideals of democracy.

    However, there is little empirical evidence on how municipal politicians deal with thischallenge in local decision-making. This study aims to examine how we can understand therole of referendums in this context. In order to do so, the study focuses on referendums in thefield of infrastructure in two municipalities, the sale of the municipally-owned energycompany Öresundskraft in Helsingborg and decommissioning of Västerås airport in Västerås.Empirical evidence was compiled from mainly public documents in order to perform aqualitative content analysis; interviews were also conducted with a total of ten municipalpoliticians to reinforce the findings of the processes. The study utilizes a general frameworkwith theoretical ideas on governance, policy analysis and direct democracy to deepen ourunderstanding of these processes.

    The results of the study show that in both cases, the respective referendum has been given adecisive role. The municipal politicians seem to have chosen to stop the politicalproposal/decision after the referendum's result based on turnout and the clear result that thecitizens did not want to sell/decommission. Furthermore, the results also illustrate that allmunicipal politicians, in general, think it is important to involve citizens but in differentways. Some politicians had a more positive view of the instrument and some much less so inthe two cases. They underline that a referendum may be more or less appropriate in certainissues or circumstances. At the same time, the majority maintain the idea of referendums as acomplement to representative democracy. The study also shows how different interests fromdifferent societal actors can come into play in a referendum on infrastructure that does notonly relate to the local and municipal sphere. The study was delimited to referendums oninfrastructure in two large municipalities; therefore, it cannot bridge the much-neededresearch gaps that further research can address. 

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  • 30.
    Berndtsson, Ida
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering.
    Vem styr kollektivtrafiken?: En analys av organisering och styrning utifrån ett demokratiperspektiv2023Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (Two Years)), 20 credits / 30 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    This study is an analysis of the organization and management of regional public transport in Sweden. The goal is to chart and analyze how different regions organize and manage public transport in order to understand if, and to what degree, the management can be considered democratic. The research questions are answered through a document study of statutory documents where the regions describe their organizations, as well as through interviews with regional politicians involved with public transport.

    The collected data is analyzed against a theoretical background of democratic governance and public administration, leading to the conclusion that the management of public transport is characterized by a high degree of leeway. The management of public transport seems to be working in the sense that the practical implementation is sufficient. However, the management does not seem to work in a democratic sense, since the organization is too complex to understand without excessive effort. The effort required to do so risks a democratic deficit where citizens do not use their democratic power.

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  • 31.
    Bernhard, Irene
    et al.
    Univ West, Sweden.
    Wihlborg, Elin
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Political Science. Linköping University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences. Univ West, Sweden.
    Bringing all clients into the system - Professional digital discretion to enhance inclusion when services are automated2022In: Information Polity, ISSN 1570-1255, E-ISSN 1875-8754, Vol. 27, no 3, p. 373-389Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The increasing use of automated systems for decision-making and decision support in public administration is forming new practices and challenging public values since public services must be impartially accessible and designed for everyone. New robotistic process automation (RPA) systems are generally designed based on back-office structures. This requires clients to submit relevant data correctly in order for these services to function. However, not all potential or intended users of these services have the competence and the capacity to submit accurate data in the correct way. Front-line case workers at public agencies play critical roles in supporting those who have problems using the services due to the aforementioned accessibility requirements and thereby work in bridging digital divides. This article analyses strategies used by front-line case workers to complement RPA and improve the inclusion of all clients in the services. It builds on qualitative case studies at two Swedish authorities, including in-depth interviews and observations. The study shows that the discretion of the front-line case workers is limited by the RPA systems, and they also have limited discretion to support clients in their use of the digital services. Instead, they develop strategies in line with more service- and socially-oriented values; duty-oriented values are integrated into the RPA. The analysis shows the importance of forming new support structures for inclusion when public services are automated to maintain the core public values of inclusion and democratic legitimacy.

  • 32.
    Bernhard, Iréne
    et al.
    Högskolan Väst, Trollhättan, Sweden.
    Wihlborg, Elin
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Political Science. Linköping University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences.
    Trust in secure public e-services: translating policies into use2012In: Entrepreneurship, social capital and governance: directions for the sustainable development and competitiveness of regions / [ed] Charlie Karlsson, Börje Johansson and Roger R. Stough, Edward Elgar Publishing, 2012, 1, p. 241-262Chapter in book (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    The emerging information society challenges relations between public agencies and citizens in many ways. Providing e-services on the Internet and using other forms of information and communication technologies are basic components of e-government. E-services as such are innovations – even if the service itself existed before – as they are a new way of producing and organizing the service. For secure use and successful implementation of innovations in public contexts, the innovation must be considered legitimate and related to policies. The European Union and all other levels of government form policies, which are translated among the various levels to manage the useful, secure praxis of e-services. Translation in organisational terms takes place across governmental levels in the multi-level governance chain and secondarily from technical to administrative settings. Since the Swedish public administration relies on a dual steering approach, with strong, constitutionally mandated regional and local autonomy, such policies cannot be forced onto regional and local public agencies. Instead, European and national policy statements become soft policy instruments in the local context, and their implications rely on local uptake in the specific setting and on the competencies of the professionals in local public administration. Since this is a new, emerging field of innovative policy and practice, our analysis will build on an inductive methodological approach. The theoretical framework of policy and technology translation allows inclusion of this broad process of changes. Our focus here on the translation process is to highlight translations both across levels in multi-level settings and as constructions of meanings of security. The conclusion is that the organizational settings of multi-level governance are greater constraints than new technology for implementation of public e-services.

  • 33.
    Bjurling, Madelene
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Political Science. Linköping University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences.
    Höjdevall, Mikaela
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Political Science. Linköping University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences.
    Funkis, folkhem och förlorade visioner: en tolkning av det sociala kapitalet i ett miljonprogramsområde i Linköping2011Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    “The million programme”, an ambitious housing programme, took place in Sweden between the years 1965-1974. During this period 1006000 dwellings were built, which represents about a quarter of the contemporary housing stock in Sweden. The programme was due to a strong political will from the Social democratic party to erase the demand surplus on housing that had existed in Sweden until then. The production of the housing took place in the outskirts of the cities and was based on ideas of functionalism and scale economy. Despite extensive social engineering no one had been able to foresee that after a couple of years many of the tenants moved away from the new residential areas, choosing instead to live in single-family, detached houses. Those who were left behind were mostly families of low socioeconomic status. Most Swedish medium sized cities still have a residential area from this period. These areas are nowadays often characterized by a lot of passing tenants, high unemployment and unhealthy rate. Few of the residents visit the polls on election day. Many politicians argue that the socioeconomic problems in these areas can be improved by restorement or deconstruction of housing. Others mean that in order to solve the socioeconomic problems in these areas you have to tackle the macroeconomic problems in modern society. Few of the proposals revolve around social capital and the ideas that well-known political scientists have about the importance for wellbeing in societies. The aim of this essay is therefore to qualitatively describe the social capital in a residential area built as a part of the million programme in the town Linköping and see how it can contribute to the democratic process. Hopefully our conclusions can be generalized to other similar residential areas in Sweden. The description of the social capital consists of the tellings of county officials and representatives of local associations. The information they have provided was analyzed with the help of theorists Robert D. Putnam, Bo Rothstein and James S. Coleman. We conclude that there exist substantial variations in the social capital in the residential area that we have studied. There exists an extensive amount of what Putnam calls bonding social capital in the neighbourhood, but there is also a lack of bridging social capital that could significantly improve the democratic process in the area. This is due to ethnic groupings and great numbers of passing residents which makes investments in social capital irrational for the individual. Specific political support for these residential areas can therefore be motivated.

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    Funkis, folkhem och förlorade visioner: en tolkning av det sociala kapitalet i ett miljonprogramsområde i Linköping
  • 34.
    Bladh, Daniel
    Linköping University, Department of Behavioural Sciences and Learning, Education and Adult Learning. Linköping University, Faculty of Educational Sciences.
    Party functions and party education in the political landscape of Sweden2022In: International Journal of Lifelong Education, ISSN 0260-1370, E-ISSN 1464-519X, Vol. 41, no 4-5, p. 435-449Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Political parties are widely recognised as indispensable actors in democratic systems. One way to illustrate the actions and role of political parties is to explicate various party functions that may be carried out in a political system. The aim of this paper is to explore the relationships between the organisation of party education and five specific party functions in Sweden. The empirical material consists of interviews with party officials from all eight parties that were represented in the national parliament during 2018-2022 as well as a mapping of educational content, structure, and activities from various parties. This material has been analysed in relation to five concrete party functions and a theoretical approach that highlights interactions and relationships occurring on different levels in apolitical system. The results demonstrate that there are different relationships between party education and party functions which may generate implications that are important both for the agency of a party but also to the broader political landscape. It is also possible to discern one specific function related to the provision of party education, namely an affirmation function.

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  • 35.
    Broberg, Pernilla
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Business Administration. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering. Linköping University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences.
    Tagesson, Torbjörn
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Business Administration. Linköping University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences. RKR/Linköpings universitet.
    The adoption of professional audit standards in the public sector: The role of the audit profession and other actors2024In: Auditing Transformation: Regulation, Digitalisation and Sustainability / [ed] Jan Marton, Fredrik Nilsson, Peter Öhman, New York: Taylor & Francis Group, 2024, 1, p. 90-110Chapter in book (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    This chapter contributes to the understanding of how change within auditing is initiated and formed through collaboration and negotiation between FAR and other actors within the organisational field of municipal auditing in Sweden. The empirical data is based on documents and interviews with actors within and outside the audit profession. Thus, the data represents different perspectives and interests throughout the change process. The analyses show that it was different partial jolts that made the various actors feel institutional pressure to get involved in the change process. At the end of the change process, an additional partial jolt, initiated by an outside actor, facilitated and accelerated the process as it reinforced the understanding of interdependence between the actors involved.

  • 36.
    Brodén Gyberg, Veronica
    Linköping University, Department of Thematic Studies, Tema Environmental Change. Linköping University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences. Linköping University, Centre for Climate Science and Policy Research, CSPR.
    Exploring the sociotechnical imaginaries of aid to research: in the session: Situating, transforming, and (de)centering Images of the Futures - III2021Conference paper (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    The promotion of science and technology for development has been a part of public aid actors’ agendas and interventions since the 1960´s, with the purpose of counteracting the unequal distribution of resources for research in the world in different ways. Some actors have explicit ambitions of escaping a colonialist heritage by underlining the importance of local ownership and local priorities, but there is debate concerning whether the goals and methods of aid actors have the intended effects or whether research aid risks contributing to a scientific neocolonialism of sorts. The theories of change underlying these interventions vary depending on donor actor and country context, but traces of different development theories and theories of science can be identified in the trails of these science for development discourses. In this paper, I build on my previous study of the Swedish pioneer research aid actor Sida-Sarec and present some preliminary findings on recent discursive development, exploring how the links between science and technology and development have been portrayed during this past decade. The work is based on text analysis and interviews and uses the concepts of sociotechnical imaginaries and boundary organization in order to explore why and how states support science (Jasanoff & Kim, 2009; Guston, 2001). This issue is placed at the intersection between science and development politics, areas that sometimes have conflicting goals. The case of research aid illustrates this tension well, and I can therefore hopefully contribute the development-related, postcolonial and decolonial discussions within STS. 

  • 37.
    Brodén Gyberg, Veronica
    Linköping University, Department of Thematic Studies, Tema Environmental Change. Linköping University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences. Linköping University, Centre for Climate Science and Policy Research, CSPR.
    Integration Conundrums: Framing And Responding To Combined Climate And Conflict Challenges In Swedish Development Cooperation. In Session 18: The Governance, Design, And Practice Of Aid (SDG17)2021Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Although there is ongoing debate about the causal mechanisms linking climate change to violent conflict, researchers and policymakers widely agree that climate change exacerbates existing vulnerabilities that undermine human security and societies´ well-being. Resource scarcity and natural disasters can lead to increased cooperation, but the double burden of climate change and political fragility constitutes a serious challenge and the most detrimental effects are seen in already fragile contexts. Due to the importance of preventive measures, development organizations are key in addressing and mitigating the combined challenges of climate and conflict. Such organizations are conceptualizing and integrating security risks posed by climate change, but previous research shows that this work is hampered by organizational silos. This paper contributes to the burgeoning research on integrated approaches to addressing combined challenges of climate and conflict by organizations through examining how the Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency (Sida) works with these issues. In 2015, Sida received an updated directive increasing ambitions for the integration of the thematic issue areas of environment and climate, conflict and gender. The paper uses a comprehensive understanding of security and applies insights on mainstreaming in official development assistance (ODA) from environmental policy integration literature to examine how the connections between climate and security are framed in central policies, in strategies and by Sida staff. It also analyzes how Sida’s organization and procedures support the integration of the two perspectives ‘environment and climate’ and ‘conflict’ and highlights challenges and opportunities that arise when translating policy and strategy into practice. The study is based on an analysis of overarching instructions, policy documents and interviews with 24 Sida staff at Sida’s headquarters in Stockholm and at Swedish Embassies in Eastern Africa. The experience of Sida is an illustrative example of an emerging challenge for ODA actors, and can therefore be valuable for a broad set of organizations also aiming to develop integrated approaches. The study shows that although Sida prioritizes the integration between environment and climate, and conflict on a general policy level, there are some challenges when translating the policy into practice. Ambiguities are identified with regard to concepts used and there are tensions between expert and general knowledge. There are many initiatives aiming to integrate climate and conflict with one another, but increased collaboration on operationalization could enable even deeper levels of integrated work.

  • 38.
    Brodén Gyberg, Veronica
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Thematic Studies, Tema Environmental Change. Linköping University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences.
    Mobjörk, Malin
    Stockholm International Peace Research Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Integration Conundrums: Framing and Responding to Climate Security Challenges in Development Cooperation2021In: Sustainability, E-ISSN 2071-1050, Vol. 13, no 5, article id 2582Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    This paper contributes to the burgeoning research on the integration of climate-related security risks by organizations. Development organizations have an important preventive mandate and can mitigate climate security challenges in low- and lower-middle-income economies, but they have a complex task, contending with power asymmetries and a very wide set of policy-making processes occurring in tandem. We explore how climate security challenges are being addressed in development organizations through focusing on the Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency (Sida), which has worked with integration of cross-sectoral issues since the 1980s. We narrow in specifically on how the overlaps between two separate policy areas at Sida—climate and conflict—have been framed and responded to in recent years. The study finds that the integration of these two areas is prioritized on a general policy level but that there are obstacles when translating policy into practice. Challenges include conceptual diversity, tensions between expert and general knowledge and differing organizational preconditions. Despite this, integration does occur between the two policy areas on several levels, ranging from a macro-level general awareness of potential overlaps with a “do no harm” ambition, to micro levels of integration in which strategies and interventions are adjusted

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  • 39.
    Brommesson, Douglas
    et al.
    Lunds universitet.
    Erlingsson, Gissur Ó
    Linköping University, Department for Studies of Social Change and Culture, Centre for Municipality Studies. Linköping University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences.
    Vad krävs i praktiken för att bli docent?2012In: Ekonomisk Debatt, ISSN 0345-2646, Vol. 40, no 3, p. 5-18Article in journal (Other academic)
    Abstract [sv]

    För att nå framgång i den akademiska världen och på ett lyckosamt sätt konkurrera om begränsade resurser är det rationellt för den enskilde att snabbt söka nå docenttitel. När allt fler forskare försöker bli docenter, samtidigt som nya universitet av statusskäl vill bygga upp en grupp av docenter och professorer, riskerar docenttitelns värde att devalveras. I artikeln undersöker vi om de facto-kraven för docentur i nationalekonomi och statsvetenskap understiger de jure-kraven. Vårt resultat är i huvudsak nekande för såväl nationalekonomer som statsvetare. Däremot varierar de facto-kraven för docentur betänkligt mellan lärosäten, i synnerhet inom statsvetenskapen. Vårt material ger vid handen att de facto-kraven är lägre vid de nyare universiteten, för nationalekonomer är kraven tvärtom lägre vid några av de äldre.

  • 40.
    Brommesson, Douglas
    et al.
    Lunds universitet, Statsvetenskapliga institutionen.
    Erlingsson, Gissur Ó
    Linköping University, Department for Studies of Social Change and Culture, Centre for Municipality Studies – CKS. Linköping University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences.
    Karlsson Schaffer, Johan
    Göteborgs universitet, Institutionen för globala studier.
    Ödalen, Jörgen
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Political Science. Linköping University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences.
    Högskolepedagogiska meriter: en valuta med svag kurs?2017In: Universitet AB: om kommodifiering, marknad och akademi / [ed] Marcus Agnafors, Göteborg: Daidalos, 2017, p. 137-176Chapter in book (Other academic)
    Abstract [sv]

    I det här kapitlet analyserar vi de spänningar som finns inom det pedagogiska uppdraget sett ur universitetslärarens perspektiv: å ena sidan kräver högskolans huvudmän, intresseorganisationer och förståsigpåare att kraven på pedagogisk meritering måste höjas och skärpas, å andra sidan, trots att högskolepedagogiska kurser i allt högre grad gjorts till obligatorier, nödvändiga för anställning och befordran som universitetslärare, så har den pedagogiska fortbildningens värde ändå urholkats. Å ena sidan är det forskningsmeriter som är hårdvaluta i konkurrensen om tjänster, å andra sidan förväntas en svensk universitetslärare lägga 70-100 procent av sin arbetstid på undervisning. Å ena sidan kräver lärosätena att sökande till lektorat på ett alltmer omfattande sätt dokumenterar sina pedagogiska meriter, å andra sidan tillmäts pedagogiska kvalifikationer inte någon avgörande betydelse när sakkunniga värderar sökandes meriter i tillsättningsprocessen.

  • 41. Order onlineBuy this publication >>
    Broqvist, Mari
    Linköping University, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Division of Health Care Analysis. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences.
    Asking the public: Citizens´ views on priority setting and resource allocation in democratically governed healthcare2018Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    Resource allocation in publicly funded healthcare systems is inevitably linked with priority setting between different patient groups and between different service areas, so-called meso level priorities. Behind every priority-setting decision (investments, reallocating or rationing), are values affecting both the content of the decisions and how the decisions are made. The importance for priority-setting to reflect social values, has been emphasised for the legitimacy of the healthcare systems and the decision makers. Also important, if supposed to provide enough guidance in practice, is that content values, expressed in ethical principles and criteria, are further operationalised. Few studies exist where Swedish citizens have been asked about priority setting and rationing at meso level, and findings from other countries cannot automatically be transferred to the Swedish context.

    The overall aim of this thesis is to extend and deepen the knowledge of the Swedish citizens´ views on acceptance of rationing in healthcare, on appropriate decision makers for rationing, and on the severity criterion for priority setting. Two qualitative and one mixmethod study were conducted, where citizens were interviewed. Citizens´ views on severity were also compared, both with a Severity Framework, derived from parliamentary-decided ethical principles and used for resource allocation, and with health professionals´ and politicians´ ranking of different aspects of severity in a quantitative, survey study.

    Study I shows that citizen participants perceived that acceptance of rationing at meso level is built on the awareness of priority-setting dilemmas between patient groups. No such spontaneous awareness was found. Depending on reactions of self-interest or solidarity, acceptance was also perceived to be built on acceptable principles for rationing and/or access to alternatives to public care. Study II shows that awareness of the meso level forms the basis for awareness of different risks of unfairness, linked with potential decision makers (even health professionals). Collaborative arrangements were promoted in order to control for such risks, especially the risk of self-interest. Politicians, in contrast to previous studies, were favoured as final decision makers for rationing healthcare. In study III, citizen participants identified the same severity aspects as health professionals and experts had done in the Severity Framework. They contributed with some possible refinements, but also promoted aspects not in line with established ethical criteria for priority setting in Sweden. Study IV shows that citizen respondents differ to a larger proportion compared to politicians´ ranking of severity aspects, than with that of health professionals´. The greatest number of significant differences was found between politicians and health professionals.

    This thesis has several implications. Politicians ought to strive for greater public awareness of the priority-setting dilemma at the meso level in healthcare, both according to the process and the content values behind the decisions. Social values not in accordance to the parliamentary decision indicate a need to facilitate an ongoing dialogue, reason-giving activities and promotion of content values of solidarity. To capture social values on priority setting and rationing, ambitious public deliberation is not the only way. Methodologically stringent research, with a variety of study designs, could contribute in many important ways.

    List of papers
    1. To accept, or not to accept, that is the question: citizen reactions to rationing
    Open this publication in new window or tab >>To accept, or not to accept, that is the question: citizen reactions to rationing
    2014 (English)In: Health Expectations, ISSN 1369-6513, E-ISSN 1369-7625, Vol. 17, no 1, p. 82-92Article in journal (Refereed) Published
    Abstract [en]

    Background  The publicly financed health service in Sweden has come under increasing pressure, forcing policy makers to consider restrictions. Objective  To describe different perceptions of rationing, in particular, what citizens themselves believe influences their acceptance of having to stand aside for others in a public health service. Design  Qualitative interviews, analysed by phenomenography, describing perceptions by different categories. Setting and participants  Purposeful sample of 14 Swedish citizens, based on demographic criteria and attitudes towards allocation in health care. Results  Participants expressed high awareness of limitations in public resources and the necessity of rationing. Acceptance of rationing could increase or decrease, depending on one's (i) awareness that healthcare resources are limited, (ii) endorsement of universal health care, (iii) knowledge and acceptance of the principles guiding rationing and (iv) knowledge about alternatives to public health services. Conclusions  This study suggests that decision makers should be more explicit in describing the dilemma of resource limitations in a publicly funded healthcare system. Openness enables citizens to gain the insight to make informed decisions, i.e. to use public services or to 'opt out' of the public sector solution if they consider rationing decisions unacceptable.

    Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
    John Wiley & Sons, 2014
    Keywords
    citizen perspective, phenomenography, priority setting, rationing, Sweden
    National Category
    Medical and Health Sciences
    Identifiers
    urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-104308 (URN)10.1111/j.1369-7625.2011.00734.x (DOI)000330647300010 ()22032636 (PubMedID)
    Available from: 2014-02-14 Created: 2014-02-14 Last updated: 2018-04-03
    2. It takes a giraffe to see the big picture - Citizens' view on decision makers in health care rationing
    Open this publication in new window or tab >>It takes a giraffe to see the big picture - Citizens' view on decision makers in health care rationing
    2015 (English)In: Social Science and Medicine, ISSN 0277-9536, E-ISSN 1873-5347, Vol. 128, p. 301-308Article in journal (Refereed) Published
    Abstract [en]

    Previous studies show that citizens usually prefer physicians as decision makers for rationing in health care, while politicians are downgraded. The findings are far from clear-cut due to methodological differences, and as the results are context sensitive they cannot easily be transferred between countries. Drawing on methodological experiences from previous research, this paper aims to identify and describe different ways Swedish citizens understand and experience decision makers for rationing in health care, exclusively on the programme level. We intend to address several challenges that arise when studying citizens' views on rationing by (a) using a method that allows for reflection, (b) using the respondents' nomination of decision makers, and (c) clearly identifying the rationing level. We used phenomenography, a qualitative method for studying variations and changes in perceiving phenomena. Open-ended interviews were conducted with 14 Swedish citizens selected by standard criteria (e.g. age) and by their attitude towards rationing. The main finding was that respondents viewed politicians as more legitimate decision makers in contrast to the results in most other studies. Interestingly, physicians, politicians, and citizens were all associated with some kind of risk related to self-interest in relation to rationing. A collaborative solution for decision making was preferred where the views of different actors were considered important. The fact that politicians were seen as appropriate decision makers could be explained by several factors: the respondents' new insights about necessary trade-offs at the programme level, awareness of the importance of an overview of different health care needs, awareness about self-interest among different categories of decision-makers, including physicians, and the national context of long-term political accountability for health care in Sweden. This study points to the importance of being aware of contextual and methodological issues in relation to research on how citizens experience arrangements for rationing in health care.

    Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
    Elsevier, 2015
    Keywords
    Sweden Health care Rationing Programme level Decision maker Citizens' view Interview Phenomenography
    National Category
    Health Care Service and Management, Health Policy and Services and Health Economy
    Identifiers
    urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-115129 (URN)10.1016/j.socscimed.2015.01.043 (DOI)000351323500037 ()25638017 (PubMedID)
    Note

    The authors gratefully acknowledge the contribution made by the participants in this study. This study was supported by the Swedish Federation of County Councils Research Program on Change Processes in Health Care and the Swedish National Centre for Priority Setting in Health Care.

    Available from: 2015-03-09 Created: 2015-03-09 Last updated: 2018-04-03
    3. The meaning of severity - do citizenś views correspond to a severity framework based on ethical principles for priority setting?
    Open this publication in new window or tab >>The meaning of severity - do citizenś views correspond to a severity framework based on ethical principles for priority setting?
    2018 (English)In: Health Policy, ISSN 0168-8510, E-ISSN 1872-6054, Vol. 122, no 6, p. 630-637, article id S0168-8510(18)30081-2Article in journal (Refereed) Published
    Abstract [en]

    The importance for governments of establishing ethical principles and criteria for priority setting in line with social values, has been emphasised. The risk of such criteria not being operationalised and instead replaced by de-contextualised priority-setting tools, has been noted. The aim of this article was to compare whether citizenś views are in line with how a criterion derived from parliamentary-decided ethical principles have been interpreted into a framework for evaluating severity levels, in resource allocation situations in Sweden. Interviews were conducted with 15 citizens and analysed by directed content analysis. The results showed that the multi-factorial aspects that participants considered as relevant for evaluating severity, were similar to those used by professionals in the Severity Framework, but added some refinements on what to consider when taking these aspects into account. Findings of similarities, such as in our study, could have the potential to strengthen the internal legitimacy among professionals, to use such a priority-setting tool, and enable politicians to communicate the justifiability of how severity is decided. The study also disclosed new aspects regarding severity, of which some are ethically disputed, implying that our results also reveal the need for ongoing ethical discussions in publicly-funded healthcare systems.

    Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
    Elsevier, 2018
    Keywords
    Citizens views, Directed content analysis, Ethical principles, Priority setting, Severity of ill health, Sweden
    National Category
    Medical Ethics
    Identifiers
    urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-147772 (URN)10.1016/j.healthpol.2018.04.005 (DOI)000438479000010 ()29728287 (PubMedID)
    Available from: 2018-05-14 Created: 2018-05-14 Last updated: 2020-01-29
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  • 42.
    Brusman, Mats
    et al.
    Linköping University, REMESO - Institute for Research on Migration, Ethnicity and Society. Linköping University, Department of Social and Welfare Studies. Linköping University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences.
    Jonsson, Leif
    Linköping University, Department for Studies of Social Change and Culture, Centre for Municipality Studies. Linköping University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences.
    Kommunledningsrum: om rummets betydelse för ledningsarbetet i kommuner2014Book (Other academic)
    Abstract [sv]

    Denna bok vill sätta sökarljuset på rumsliga förtsättningar och på vad byggnader och lokaler, deras utformning och historia, kan betyda för kommunledningens praktik. För detta ändamål har vi besökt fjorton kommuner i östra Götaland och där samtalat med kommunledande personer kring rummets betydelse: Finspång, Motala, Linköping, Söderköping, Valdemarsvik, Åtvidaberg, Norrköping, Mjölby, Boxholm, Ödeshög, Vadstena, Ydre, Kinda samt Vimmerby.

  • 43.
    Bäck, Henry
    et al.
    Göteborgs universitet.
    Larsson, Torbjörn
    Stockholms universitet.
    Erlingsson, Gissur Ó
    Linköping University, Department for Studies of Social Change and Culture, Centre for Municipality Studies. Linköping University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences.
    Den svenska politiken: Strukturer, processer och resultat2011 (ed. 3)Book (Other academic)
    Abstract [sv]

    I boken ges en bred översikt över statsskicket och politiken. Med utgångspunkt i stats- och samhällsvetenskaplig forskning beskrivs och analyseras staten, EU, kommuner och landsting. Läs mer Det politiska systemet gör det möjligt att fatta gemensamma beslut och skrida till gemensam handling i samhället. Till skillnad från andra system för gemensamt handlande verkar politiken genom att använda makt. För att kunna fånga maktutövningen i ett politiskt system krävs analytiska instrument i form av samhällsvetenskaplig teori. I boken behandlas särskilt det politiska systemets inbyggda kontrollmekanismer och den politiska processen. Formandet av den offentliga politiken illustreras med några centrala politikområden i den moderna svenska politiken. Här beskrivs och analyseras både det formella normativa ramverket och "hur det verkligen går till". För att begripa dagens svenska politik behöver vi kunna göra jämförelser i både tid och rum, och därför anläggs ett historiskt perspektiv och görs utblickar på andra länder.

    Stig Montin, docent i statsvetenskap vid Örebro universitet

  • 44.
    Bö, Lars Arne
    et al.
    Sintef, Trondheim, Norway.
    Fufa, Selamawit Mamo
    Sintef, Trondheim, Norway.
    Flyen, Cecilie
    Sintef, Trondheim, Norway.
    Venås, Christoffer
    Oslobygg, Norway.
    Fredriksson, Anna
    Linköping University, Department of Science and Technology, Communications and Transport Systems. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Janné, Mats
    Linköping University, Department of Science and Technology, Communications and Transport Systems. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Brusselears, Nicolas
    Vrieje Universitet Brussels, Belgium.
    MIMIC Deliverable 4.3 - Policy Instruments2021Report (Other academic)
  • 45.
    Börjeson, Martin
    Linköping University, Department of Social and Welfare Studies, Social Work. Linköping University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences.
    Hur bör sociala insatser tillhandahållas?: en studie av Linköpings kommuns arbete med servicetjänster inom socialtjänsten2017Report (Other academic)
    Abstract [sv]

    Denna CKS-rapport utgör slutrapporten från projektet ”Servicetjänster inom socialtjänsten” som bedrivits vid Centrum för kommunstrategiska studier, 2014–2016. Projektet har varit ett uppdrag med finansiering från Linköpings kommun. Utifrån studier om Linköpings kommuns organisation för sociala insatser utvecklar Martin Börjeson genom denna rapport en utförlig diskussion om form och innehåll för detta viktiga kommunala verksamhetsområde. Vi hoppas att rapportens syntetiserande resonemang bidrar till en initierad diskussion om sociala insatser och att studiens resultat och slutsatser kan vara ett kunskapsstöd för kommuner som står inför strategiska vägval för detta kommunala ansvar.

    Flera forskare har varit involverade i ”Servicetjänster inom socialtjänsten” och under projekttiden har resultat redovisats genom olika kanaler. Följande skrifter finns att tillgå via CKS eller författarna:

    • Härnbro, Simon & Börjeson, Martin. ”Utveckling av servicetjänster i Linköpings kommun – En bakgrundsbeskrivning”, CKS Arbetsnotat 2014-02-26.
    • Härnbro, Simon & Börjeson, Martin. ”Utveckling av servicetjänster i Linköpings kommun – Beskrivning av verksamheter”, CKS Arbetsnotat 2014-04-15.
    • Härnbro, Simon & Börjeson, Martin. ”Utveckling av servicetjänster i Linköpings kommun – En redogörelse för, och diskussion kring, utvärderingens uppläggning”, CKS Arbetsnotat 2015-03-20.
    • Börjeson, Martin & Härnbro, Simon. ”Servicetjänster utan biståndsbedömning?”, Uppsats presenterad vid Nordiska FORSA och NOUSA symposiet På spaning efter det sociala arbetets kulturer i Malmö 8-10 oktober 2014.
    • Börjeson, Martin & Härnbro, Simon. ”Vad betyder servicetjänster för brukarna och för det sociala arbetet”, i Ekström-Ulvenäs, Elisabeth m.fl. 2015. Socialtjänst utan biståndsbedömning – en rapport om öppna sociala tjänster. Solna: STQM Management.

    Börjeson, Martin. ”Social services without needs assessment?”, Uppsats presenterad vid NOUSA/FORSA conference Decisions, Outcome & Change in Copenhagen 7-9 november 2016.

    Martin Börjeson som är författare till denna CKS-rapport har presenterat resultat från projektet muntligt vid olika tillfällen. Detta har bland annat skett vid följande arrangemang:

    • ”Lättillgänglig socialtjänst främjar hälsa och ger goda livsvillkor för medborgarna i Linköping”, lunchseminarium i Almedalen, 1 juli 2013.
    • ”Socialtjänst utan biståndsbedömning”, seminarium i Stockholm arrangerat av STQM Management, 24 april 2015.
    • ”Hur bör kommunens sociala insatser organiseras och tillhandahållas? En studie av Linköpings kommuns arbete med servicetjänster inom socialtjänsten”, Socionomdagarna i Stockholm 16 november 2016.

    Brita Hermelin

    Vetenskaplig ledare, Centrum för kommunstrategiska studier.

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    Hur bör sociala insatser tillhandahållas?: En studie av Linköpings kommuns arbete med servicetjänster inom socialtjänsten
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  • 46.
    Camen, Carolina
    et al.
    Karlstad University, Sweden.
    Lidestam, Helene
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Production Economics. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering. Swedish National Rd and Transport Research Institute VTI, Linkoping, Sweden.
    Dominating factors contributing to the high(er) costs for public bus transports in Sweden2016In: RESEARCH IN TRANSPORTATION ECONOMICS, ISSN 0739-8859, Vol. 59, p. 292-296Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The purpose of this study is to deepen the understanding of what are the underlying reasons for the increasing cost of public transport in general and bus services in particular in a Swedish context. Data were collected through in-depth interviews with managers at the bus operators as well as the authority organizations. This paper contributes by identifying nine categories that can be the dominating factors behind the increasing costs of public bus services in Sweden. The identified categories of cost drivers are; of traffic appearance (peak times), greening of buses, age requirements, the contract period, the accessibility customization, special requirements on buses, collective agreements (working time regulation), tendering and contracting process, and finally, counterproductive political governance. It can be concluded that many of the cost drivers originate from the circumstances of the process of public procurement, such as different demands for different regions in Sweden as well as the trade-off between the bus operators wishes for higher flexibility in the contracts and the traffic authorities fear of more risks and thereby higher bids in the end. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  • 47.
    Camen, Carolina
    et al.
    Karlstad Univ, Sweden.
    Tsaxiri, Panagiota
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Production Economics. Linköping University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences. Swedish Natl Rd & Transport Res Inst VTI, S-58195 Linkoping, Sweden; K2 Swedish Knowledge Ctr Publ Transport, Sweden.
    Aldenius, Malin
    K2 Swedish Knowledge Ctr Publ Transport, Sweden; Lund Univ, Sweden.
    Lidestam, Helene
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Production Economics. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering. Swedish Natl Rd & Transport Res Inst VTI, S-58195 Linkoping, Sweden; K2 Swedish Knowledge Ctr Publ Transport, Sweden.
    Flexibility in contract design - is that possible?2020In: Research in Transportation Economics, ISSN 0739-8859, E-ISSN 1875-7979, Vol. 83, article id 100899Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Public procurement is widely used in order to incorporate competition into public services. Competition in procurement often leads to efficiency but the process can also raise some problems. While providing the procurement documents you do not know who will be your upcoming partner. Another aspect is how flexibility can be managed in contract design while maintaining a high service quality. The aim of this study is twofold. Firstly, the aim is to investigate how flexibility has been expressed and historically described in bus tendering documents. Secondly, to explore how the actors define or describe flexibility and its importance in tendering. Data was collected from ten years of tendering documents in the bus sector in Sweden and from interviews and a workshop. The results showed that flexibility in tendering documents has been and still is low for the operators. However, the actors wish for more flexibility and new forms of contracts can make it easier to include higher degrees of flexibility in future contracts. The paper contributes to the ongoing discussion about how to design contracts and to manage flexibility. The study has potential to create knowledge and contribute to better decision making for future procurement of bus transport.

  • 48.
    Carlsson, Fredrik
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Political Science. Linköping University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences.
    Gröning, Lotta
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Political Science. Linköping University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences.
    Nordqvist, Cecilia
    Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Political Science.
    Wihlborg, Elin
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Political Science. Linköping University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences.
    Kompetenser att leda digitalisering i kommuner: en intervjustudie med politiker och tjänstepersoner i relation till SKR:s kompetenslyft2021Report (Other academic)
    Abstract [sv]

    Idag gör vi en mängd aktiviteter digitalt, som att betala parkeringsavgifter, söka information om återvinningsstationens öppettider, förnya recept och boka tider i vården. Alla dessa nya sätt för medborgare att ha kontakt med kommuner och regioner utmanar även hur kommunala och regionala verksamheter ledes. Än mer digitala har vi blivit i och med nedstängningarna med anledning av pandemin. Därför har det varit så intressant att få arbeta tillsammans med SKR kring kompetenslyftet för digitalisering i kommuner och regioner under denna period.

    Vårt samarbete inleddes hösten 2018 när vi i forskargruppen DINO – Digitalisering i Nya Offentligheter – fick en fråga från Anders Nordh vid dåvarande SKL om att göra en mindre intervjustudie kring kommunala ledares kompetenser att leda för digitalisering. Vi grundade arbetet i en översikt av forskning kring hur kommunala ledare styr och utveckla digitalisering sina verksamheter. Flera av oss i forskargruppen har sedan dess på olika sätt bidragit till SKR:s kompetenslyft vid föreläsningar på plats och digitalt, med inspelade föreläsningar och genom att resonera om och utveckla upplägget på kompetenslyftsaktiviteter. När vi mött kommunala ledare har vi även samlat in deras reflektioner och svar på frågor om hur de leder digitaliseringen. Därtill har vi i gruppen gjort flera uppföljande intervjuer. I den här rapporten analyserar vi och presenterar våra resultat, samt sammanfattar våra slutsatser och diskuterar våra erfarenheter om vad kommunala ledare kan lära sig av arbetet.

    Vi tackar SKR och alla er som deltagit i utbildningarna och svarat på våra frågor för ett gott samarbete. Vi hoppas att vi på nya sätt kan fortsätta att växa och utveckla våra kompetenser att leda för digitalisering.

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  • 49.
    Carlsson, Julia
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department for Studies of Social Change and Culture, Centre for Municipality Studies – CKS. Linköping University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences.
    Mattsson, Jennifer
    Linköping University, Department for Studies of Social Change and Culture, Centre for Municipality Studies – CKS. Linköping University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences.
    Lean i äldreomsorg – en cylinderformad kloss i ett fyrkantigt hål?: En fallstudie om huruvida lean är en passande modell för svensk kommunal äldreomsorg2016Report (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    Lean was first seen in the automotive industry but has since then been applied to a number of different industries, whereof the public sector is one of them. Previous research has shown that lean has a better fit with services when applied to homogeneous services like waste disposal and maintaining parks.Yet an overview of lean in Swedish municipalities has shown that the most frequent use of the concept lean is in elderly care - which is categorized as a heterogeneous customized service.

    The aim of this case study is to examine the fit between lean and municipal elderly care. The study has investigated what determines the ability of adopt

    The results show that the whole concept of lean thinking cannot be applied, primarily because of the complexity of the customer concept in the public sector. The interviewees identify several customers apart from the end-user of the service. The fact that tax payers and the social welfare board also are considered customers hinders the work with lean, since their interests may diverge from that of the end-user. However, by using lean tools, processes without involvement from the end-user have been improved, for instance services like administration, laundry and storage management. In turn, these improvements made time for value creating activities for the end-user. The results also show that the Social authority regulating the Swedish municipal elderly care, actually enables an approach inspired by lean. This is primarily due to the development towards a service production based on the actual needs of the end-user rather than being limited to the existing services.

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    Lean i äldreomsorg – en cylinderformad kloss i ett fyrkantigt hål?: En fallstudie om huruvida lean är en passande modell för svensk kommunal äldreomsorg
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  • 50.
    Carlsson, Lukas
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Thematic Studies, Technology and Social Change.
    Axelsson, Sara
    Linköping University, Department of Thematic Studies, Technology and Social Change.
    Tillämpning av GIS i svenska kommuner - användarnas perspektiv: En analys av tjänstepersoners acceptans av geografiska informationssystem med utgångspunkt i TAM-modellen och organisationsstruktur i Norrköping och Mjölby kommun2023Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Geographic Information Systems (GIS) can facilitate informed decision-making in planning by visualizing and analyzing data. However, inertia for increased application of GIS persists due to human and organizational factors. Therefore, this study researches the acceptance of GIS among civil servants in local planning through interviews in two Swedish municipalities. The Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) has been utilized and adapted to better suit the municipal context by considering the influence of organizational structure on individuals' acceptance. The findings reveal barriers to increased application, such as lack of knowledge and interest, inadequate governance, and insufficient incentives. On the other hand, opportunities for increased acceptance include individual commitment, municipality-funded training, and compelling social norms. Role allocation is identified as both an obstacle and an opportunity for increased application. By addressing and leveraging these obstacles and opportunities, increased acceptance can be promoted for more advanced analysis and visualization in local planning.

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