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  • 1.
    Alehagen, Urban
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Division of Diagnostics and Specialist Medicine. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences.
    Aaseth, Jan
    Innlandet Hosp Trust, Norway.
    Alexander, Jan
    Norwegian Inst Publ Hlth, Norway.
    Brismar, Kerstin
    Karolinska Univ Hosp, Sweden.
    Larsson, Anders
    Uppsala Univ, Sweden.
    Selenium and Coenzyme Q10 Supplementation Improves Renal Function in Elderly Deficient in Selenium: Observational Results and Results from a Subgroup Analysis of a Prospective Randomised Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Trial2020In: Nutrients, E-ISSN 2072-6643, Vol. 12, no 12, article id 3780Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    A low selenium intake is found in European countries, and is associated with increased cardiovascular mortality. There is an association between selenium level and the severity of kidney disease. An association between inflammation and selenium intake is also reported. The coenzyme Q10 level is decreased in kidney disease. The aim of this study was to examine a possible association between selenium and renal function in an elderly population low in selenium and coenzyme Q(10), and the impact of intervention with selenium and coenzyme Q(10) on the renal function. The association between selenium status and creatinine was studied in 589 elderly persons. In 215 of these (mean age 71 years) a randomised double-blind placebo-controlled prospective trial with selenium yeast (200 mu g/day) and coenzyme Q(10) (200 mg/day) (n = 117) or placebo (n = 98) was conducted. Renal function was determined using measures of glomerular function at the start and after 48 months. The follow-up time was 5.1 years. All individuals were low on selenium (mean 67 mu g/L (SD 16.8)). The changes in renal function were evaluated by measurement of creatinine, cystatin-C, and the use of the Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration (CKD-EPI) algorithm, and by the use of T-tests, repeated measures of variance and ANCOVA analyses. An association between low selenium status and impaired renal function was observed. Intervention causes a significantly lower serum creatinine, and cystatin-C concentration in the active treatment group compared with those on placebo (p = 0.0002 and p = 0.001 resp.). The evaluation with CKD-EPI based on both creatinine and cystatin-C showed a corresponding significant difference (p < 0.0001). All validations showed corresponding significant differences. In individuals with a deficiency of selenium and coenzyme Q(10,) low selenium status is related to impaired renal function, and thus supplementation with selenium and coenzyme Q10 results in significantly improved renal function as seen from creatinine and cystatin-C and through the CKD-EPI algorithm. The explanation could be related to positive effects on inflammation and oxidative stress as a result of the supplementation.

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  • 2.
    Alehagen, Urban
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Division of Diagnostics and Specialist Medicine. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences.
    Aaseth, Jan
    Innlandet Hosp Trust, Norway.
    Lindahl, Tomas
    Linköping University, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Division of Clinical Chemistry and Pharmacology. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Region Östergötland, Center for Diagnostics, Department of Clinical Chemistry.
    Larsson, Anders
    Uppsala Univ, Sweden.
    Alexander, Jan
    Norwegian Inst Publ Hlth, Norway.
    Dietary Supplementation with Selenium and Coenzyme Q(10) Prevents Increase in Plasma D-Dimer While Lowering Cardiovascular Mortality in an Elderly Swedish Population2021In: Nutrients, E-ISSN 2072-6643, Vol. 13, no 4, article id 1344Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    A low intake of selenium is associated with increased cardiovascular mortality. This could be reduced by supplementation with selenium and coenzyme Q(10). D-dimer, a fragment of fibrin mirroring fibrinolysis, is a biomarker of thromboembolism, increased inflammation, endothelial dysfunction and is associated with cardiovascular mortality in ischemic heart disease. The objective was to examine the impact of selenium and coenzyme Q(10) on the level of D-dimer, and its relationship to cardiovascular mortality. D-dimer was measured in 213 individuals at the start and after 48 months of a randomised double-blind placebo-controlled trial with selenium yeast (200 mu g/day) and coenzyme Q(10) (200 mg/day) (n = 106) or placebo (n = 107). The follow-up time was 4.9 years. All included individuals were low in selenium (mean 67 mu g/L, SD 16.8). The differences in D-dimer concentration were evaluated by the use of T-tests, repeated measures of variance and ANCOVA analyses. At the end, a significantly lower D-dimer concentration was observed in the active treatment group in comparison with those on placebo (p = 0.006). Although D-dimer values at baseline were weakly associated with high-sensitive CRP, while being more strongly associated with soluble tumour necrosis factor receptor 1 and sP-selectin, controlling for these in the analysis there was an independent effect on D-dimer. In participants with a D-dimer level above median at baseline, the supplementation resulted in significantly lower cardiovascular mortality compared to those on placebo (p = 0.014). All results were validated with a persisting significant difference between the two groups. Therefore, supplementation with selenium and coenzyme Q(10) in a group of elderly low in selenium and coenzyme Q(10) prevented an increase in D-dimer and reduced the risk of cardiovascular mortality in comparison with the placebo group. The obtained results also illustrate important associations between inflammation, endothelial function and cardiovascular risk.

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  • 3.
    Alexander, Jan
    et al.
    Norwegian Inst Publ Hlth, Norway.
    Tinkov, Alexey
    Yaroslavl State Univ, Russia; Sechenov Univ, Russia.
    Strand, Tor A.
    Univ Bergen, Norway; Innlandet Hosp Trust, Norway.
    Alehagen, Urban
    Linköping University, Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Division of Diagnostics and Specialist Medicine. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences.
    Skalny, Anatoly
    Yaroslavl State Univ, Russia; Sechenov Univ, Russia.
    Aaseth, Jan
    Sechenov Univ, Russia.
    Early Nutritional Interventions with Zinc, Selenium and Vitamin D for Raising Anti-Viral Resistance Against Progressive COVID-192020In: Nutrients, E-ISSN 2072-6643, Vol. 12, no 8, article id 2358Article, review/survey (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Objectives: The novel coronavirus infection (COVID-19) conveys a serious threat globally to health and economy because of a lack of vaccines and specific treatments. A common factor for conditions that predispose for serious progress is a low-grade inflammation, e.g., as seen in metabolic syndrome, diabetes, and heart failure, to which micronutrient deficiencies may contribute. The aim of the present article was to explore the usefulness of early micronutrient intervention, with focus on zinc, selenium, and vitamin D, to relieve escalation of COVID-19. Methods: We conducted an online search for articles published in the period 2010-2020 on zinc, selenium, and vitamin D, and corona and related virus infections. Results: There were a few studies providing direct evidence on associations between zinc, selenium, and vitamin D, and COVID-19. Adequate supply of zinc, selenium, and vitamin D is essential for resistance to other viral infections, immune function, and reduced inflammation. Hence, it is suggested that nutrition intervention securing an adequate status might protect against the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome - coronavirus-2) and mitigate the course of COVID-19. Conclusion: We recommended initiation of adequate supplementation in high-risk areas and/or soon after the time of suspected infection with SARS-CoV-2. Subjects in high-risk groups should have high priority as regards this nutritive adjuvant therapy, which should be started prior to administration of specific and supportive medical measures.

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  • 4.
    Alexandrou, Christina
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Division of Society and Health. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Karolinska Inst, Sweden.
    Müssener, Ulrika
    Linköping University, Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Division of Society and Health. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences.
    Thomas, Kristin
    Linköping University, Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Division of Society and Health. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences.
    Henriksson, Hanna
    Linköping University, Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Division of Society and Health. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences.
    Löf, Marie
    Linköping University, Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Division of Society and Health. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Karolinska Inst, Sweden.
    Adapting a Parental Support App to Promote Healthy Diet and Physical Activity Behaviors (MINISTOP) for a Multi-Ethnic Setting: A Qualitative Study on the Needs and Preferences of Parents and Nurses within Swedish Child Health Care2021In: Nutrients, E-ISSN 2072-6643, Vol. 13, no 7, article id 2190Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Early efforts for prevention of childhood overweight and obesity are needed. In order to adapt an app promoting healthy diet and physical activity behaviors in children (MINISTOP 1.0) for multi-ethnic communities, we explored: (1) needs and concerns among Somali-, Arabic-, and Swedish-speaking parents in terms of supporting healthy diet and activity behaviors in their children; (2) nurses perceptions of parental needs and concerns in relation to diet and physical activity behaviors; and (3) how the features and content of the MINISTOP 1.0 app could be refined to better support health behaviors in children, among both parents and nurses. Focus groups with Somali-, Arabic-, and Swedish-speaking parents (n = 15), and individual interviews with nurses (n = 15) were conducted. Parents expressed several challenges in supporting childrens health behaviors, the need for a tailored app, and alternative ways of accessing the content (audio/video). Nurses emphasized the need of supporting parents early, and the value of a shared platform in different languages, to facilitate communication. This study contributes valuable insights about parental needs and relevant adaptations to a parental support app, such as addition of audio/video files for increased accessibility. This adapted app version-MINISTOP 2.0, can be useful for childhood obesity prevention in multi-ethnic communities.

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  • 5.
    Amaro-Gahete, Francisco J
    et al.
    Departament of Medical Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain. PROmoting FITness and Health through physical activity research group (PROFITH), Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain.
    Sanchez-Delgado, Guillermo
    PROmoting FITness and Health through physical activity research group (PROFITH), Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain.
    Alcantara, Juan M. A
    PROmoting FITness and Health through physical activity research group (PROFITH), Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain.
    Martinez-Tellez, Borja
    PROmoting FITness and Health through physical activity research group (PROFITH), Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain. Department of Medicine, division of Endocrinology, and Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Post Zone C7Q, P.O. Box 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands.
    Muñoz-Hernandez, Victoria
    PROmoting FITness and Health through physical activity research group (PROFITH), Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain.
    Merchan-Ramirez, Elisa
    PROmoting FITness and Health through physical activity research group (PROFITH), Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain.
    Löf, Marie
    Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, SE-141 83 Huddinge, Sweden.
    Labayen, Idoia
    Institute for Innovation & Sustainable Development in Food Chain (IS-FOOD), Public University of Navarra, 31006 Pamplona, Spain.
    Ruiz, Jonatan R
    PROmoting FITness and Health through physical activity research group (PROFITH), Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain.
    Congruent Validity of Resting Energy ExpenditurePredictive Equations in Young Adults2019In: Nutrients, E-ISSN 2072-6643, no 11, article id 223Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Having valid and reliable resting energy expenditure (REE) estimations is crucial toestablish reachable goals for dietary and exercise interventions. However, most of the REE predictiveequations were developed some time ago and, as the body composition of the current populationhas changed, it is highly relevant to assess the validity of REE predictive equations in contemporaryyoung adults. In addition, little is known about the role of sex and weight status on the validity ofthese predictive equations. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the role of sex and weight statusin congruent validity of REE predictive equations in young adults. A total of 132 young healthy adults(67.4% women, 18–26 years old) participated in the study. We measured REE by indirect calorimetrystrictly following the standard procedures, and we compared it to 45 predictive equations. The mostaccurate equations were the following: (i) the Schofield and the “Food and Agriculture Organizationof the United Nations/World Health Organization/United Nations” (FAO/WHO/UNU) equationsin normal weight men; (ii) the Mifflin and FAO/WHO/UNU equations in normal weight women;(iii) the Livingston and Korth equations in overweight men; (iv) the Johnstone and Frankenfieldequations in overweight women; (v) the Owen and Bernstein equations in obese men; and (vi) theOwen equation in obese women. In conclusion, the results of this study show that the best equationto estimate REE depends on sex and weight status in young healthy adults.

  • 6.
    Arias Tellez, Maria Jose
    et al.
    Univ Chile, Chile; Univ Granada, Spain.
    Acosta, Francisco M.
    Univ Granada, Spain.
    Sanchez-Delgado, Guillermo
    Univ Granada, Spain; Pennington Biomed Res Ctr, LA 70808 USA.
    Martinez-Tellez, Borja
    Univ Granada, Spain; Leiden Univ, Netherlands; Leiden Univ, Netherlands.
    Munoz-Hernandez, Victoria
    Univ Granada, Spain.
    Martinez-Avila, Wendy D.
    Univ Granada, Spain.
    Henriksson, Pontus
    Linköping University, Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Division of Society and Health. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Univ Granada, Spain.
    Ruiz, Jonatan R.
    Univ Granada, Spain.
    Association of Neck Circumference with Anthropometric Indicators and Body Composition Measured by DXA in Young Spanish Adults2020In: Nutrients, E-ISSN 2072-6643, NUTRIENTS, Vol. 12, no 2, article id 514Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Background: Due to a clinical and public health interest of neck circumference (NC), a better understanding of this simple anthropometric measurement, as a valid marker of body composition is necessary. Methods: A total of 119 young healthy adults participated in this study. NC was measured over the thyroid cartilage and perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the neck. Body weight, height, waist circumference (WC), and hip circumference were measured. A Dual X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scan was used to determine fat mass, lean mass, and visceral adipose tissue (VAT). Additionally, body mass index (BMI) and triponderal mass index (TMI), the waist to hip and waist to height ratios, and the fat mass and lean mass indexes (FMI and LMI, respectively) were calculated. Results: NC was positively associated in women (W) and men (M), with BMI (rW = 0.70 and rM = 0.84, respectively), TMI (rW = 0.63 and rM = 0.80, respectively), WC (rW = 0.75 and rM = 0.86, respectively), VAT (rW = 0.74 and rM = 0.82, respectively), Waist/hip (rW = 0.51 and rM = 0.67, respectively), Waist/height (rW = 0.68 and rM = 0.83, respectively) and FMI (rW = 0.61 and rM = 0.81, respectively). The association between NC and indicators of body composition was however weaker than that observed by BMI, TMI, WC and Waist/height in both women and men. It is of note that in women, NC was associated with FMI, VAT and LMI independently of BMI. In men, adding NC to anthropometric variables did not improve the prediction of body composition, while slight improvements were observed in women. Conclusions: Taken together, the present study provides no indication for NC as a useful proxy of body composition parameters in young adults, yet future studies should explore its usefulness as a measure to use in combination with BMI, especially in women.

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  • 7.
    Banerjee, Antara
    et al.
    Chettinad Acad Res & Educ CARE, India.
    Somasundaram, Indumathi
    Kolhapur Inst Technol, India.
    Das, Diptimayee
    Chettinad Acad Res & Educ CARE, India.
    Manoj, Samatha Jain
    Chettinad Acad Res & Educ CARE, India.
    Banu, Husaina
    Chettinad Acad Res & Educ CARE, India.
    Suresh, Pavane Mitta
    Chettinad Acad Res & Educ CARE, India.
    Paul, Sujay
    Tecnol Monterrey, Mexico.
    Bisgin, Atil
    Cukurova Univ, Turkiye.
    Zhang, Hong
    Orebro Univ, Sweden.
    Sun, Xiao-Feng
    Linköping University, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Division of Surgery, Orthopedics and Oncology. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Region Östergötland, Center for Surgery, Orthopaedics and Cancer Treatment, Department of Oncology.
    Duttaroy, Asim K.
    Univ Oslo, Norway.
    Pathak, Surajit
    Chettinad Acad Res & Educ CARE, India.
    Functional Foods: A Promising Strategy for Restoring Gut Microbiota Diversity Impacted by SARS-CoV-2 Variants2023In: Nutrients, E-ISSN 2072-6643, Vol. 15, no 11, article id 2631Article, review/survey (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Natural herbs and functional foods contain bioactive molecules capable of augmenting the immune system and mediating anti-viral functions. Functional foods, such as prebiotics, probiotics, and dietary fibers, have been shown to have positive effects on gut microbiota diversity and immune function. The use of functional foods has been linked to enhanced immunity, regeneration, improved cognitive function, maintenance of gut microbiota, and significant improvement in overall health. The gut microbiota plays a critical role in maintaining overall health and immune function, and disruptions to its balance have been linked to various health problems. SARS-CoV-2 infection has been shown to affect gut microbiota diversity, and the emergence of variants poses new challenges to combat the virus. SARS-CoV-2 recognizes and infects human cells through ACE2 receptors prevalent in lung and gut epithelial cells. Humans are prone to SARS-CoV-2 infection because their respiratory and gastrointestinal tracts are rich in microbial diversity and contain high levels of ACE2 and TMPRSS2. This review article explores the potential use of functional foods in mitigating the impact of SARS-CoV-2 variants on gut microbiota diversity, and the potential use of functional foods as a strategy to combat these effects.

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  • 8.
    Brodin, Ola
    et al.
    Karolinska Institute, Sweden.
    Eksborg, Staffan
    Karolinska Institute, Sweden.
    Wallenberg, Marita
    Karolinska Institute, Sweden.
    Asker-Hagelberg, Charlotte
    Medical Prod Agency, Sweden; Karolinska Institute, Sweden.
    Larsen, Erik H.
    Technical University of Denmark, Denmark.
    Mohlkert, Dag
    Karolinska University Hospital Sodersjukhuset, Sweden.
    Lenneby-Helleday, Clara
    Karolinska Institute, Sweden.
    Jacobsson, Hans
    Karolinska University Hospital, Sweden.
    Linder, Stig
    Linköping University, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Division of Drug Research. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Karolinska Institute, Sweden.
    Misra, Sougat
    Karolinska Institute, Sweden.
    Bjornstedt, Mikael
    Karolinska Institute, Sweden.
    Pharmacokinetics and Toxicity of Sodium Selenite in the Treatment of Patients with Carcinoma in a Phase I Clinical Trial: The SECAR Study2015In: Nutrients, E-ISSN 2072-6643, Vol. 7, no 6, p. 4978-4994Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Background: Sodium selenite at high dose exerts antitumor effects and increases efficacy of cytostatic drugs in multiple preclinical malignancy models. We assessed the safety and efficacy of intravenous administered sodium selenite in cancer patients refractory to cytostatic drugs in a phase I trial. Patients received first line of chemotherapy following selenite treatment to investigate altered sensitivity to these drugs and preliminary assessment of any clinical benefits. Materials and Methods: Thirty-four patients with different therapy resistant tumors received iv sodium selenite daily for consecutive five days either for two weeks or four weeks. Each cohort consisted of at least three patients who received the same daily dose of selenite throughout the whole treatment. If 0/3 patients had dose-limiting toxicities (DLTs), the study proceeded to the next dose-level. If 2/3 had DLT, the dose was considered too high and if 1/3 had DLT, three more patients were included. Dose-escalation continued until the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) was reached. MTD was defined as the highest dose-level on which 0/3 or 1/6 patients experienced DLT. The primary endpoint was safety, dose-limiting toxic effects and the MTD of sodium selenite. The secondary endpoint was primary response evaluation. Results and Conclusion: MTD was defined as 10.2 mg/m(2), with a calculated median plasma half-life of 18.25 h. The maximum plasma concentration of selenium from a single dose of selenite increased in a nonlinear pattern. The most common adverse events were fatigue, nausea, and cramps in fingers and legs. DLTs were acute, of short duration and reversible. Biomarkers for organ functions indicated no major systemic toxicity. In conclusion, sodium selenite is safe and tolerable when administered up to 10.2 mg/m(2) under current protocol. Further development of the study is underway to determine if prolonged infusions might be a more effective treatment strategy.

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  • 9.
    Carlsson, Martin
    et al.
    County Hospital Kalmar, Sweden; Linnaeus University, Sweden.
    Wanby, Pär
    County Hospital Kalmar, Sweden.
    Brudin, Lars
    Linköping University, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. County Hospital, Sweden.
    Lexne, Erik
    County Hospital Kalmar, Sweden.
    Mathold, Karin
    County Hospital Kalmar, Sweden.
    Nobin, Rebecca
    County Hospital Kalmar, Sweden.
    Ericson, Lisa
    Linnaeus University, Sweden.
    Nordqvist, Ola
    Kalmar County Council, Sweden.
    Petersson, Goran
    Linnaeus University, Sweden.
    Older Swedish Adults with High Self-Perceived Health Show Optimal 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Levels Whereas Vitamin D Status Is Low in Patients with High Disease Burden2016In: Nutrients, E-ISSN 2072-6643, Vol. 8, no 11, article id 717Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Controversy pervades the definition of adequate and optimal vitamin D status. The Institutes of Medicine have recommended serum 25(OH) D levels above 50 nmol/L based upon evidence related to bone health, but some experts, including the Endocrine Society and International Osteoporosis Foundation, suggest a minimum serum 25(OH) D level of 75 nmol/L to reduce the risk of falls and fractures in older adults. In a cross-sectional study, we compared vitamin D status in people amp;gt;= 75 years selected from four groups with a frailty phenotype, combined with a control group free from serious illness, and who considered themselves completely healthy. Only 13% of the 169 controls were vitamin D deficient (S-25(OH) D) amp;lt; 50 nmol/L), in contrast with 49% of orthopedic patients with hip fractures (n = 133), 31% of stroke patients (n = 122), 39% of patients visiting the hospitals emergency department amp;gt;= 4 times a year (n = 81), and 75% of homebound adult residents in long-term care nursing homes (n = 51). The mean vitamin D concentration of the healthy control group (74 nmol/L) was similar to a suggested optimal level based on physiological data and mortality studies, and much higher than that of many officially recommended cut-off levels for vitamin D deficiency (amp;lt; 50 nmol/L). The present study provides a basis for planning and implementing public guidelines for the screening of vitamin D deficiency and vitamin D treatment for frail elderly patients.

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  • 10.
    Delisle Nystrom, Christine
    et al.
    Novum, Sweden.
    Forsum, Elisabet
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of Clinical Sciences. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences.
    Henriksson, Hanna
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of Clinical Sciences. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences.
    Trolle-Lagerros, Ylva
    Karolinska Institute, Sweden.
    Larsson, Christel
    University of Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Maddison, Ralph
    University of Auckland, New Zealand.
    Timpka, Toomas
    Linköping University, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Division of Community Medicine. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Region Östergötland, Center for Health and Developmental Care, Center for Public Health.
    Löf, Marie
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of Clinical Sciences. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Novum, Sweden.
    A Mobile Phone Based Method to Assess Energy and Food Intake in Young Children: A Validation Study against the Doubly Labelled Water Method and 24 h Dietary Recalls2016In: Nutrients, E-ISSN 2072-6643, Vol. 8, no 1, p. 50-Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Mobile phones are becoming important instruments for assessing diet and energy intake. We developed the Tool for Energy Balance in Children (TECH), which uses a mobile phone to assess energy and food intake in pre-school children. The aims of this study were: (a) to compare energy intake (EI) using TECH with total energy expenditure (TEE) measured via doubly labelled water (DLW); and (b) to compare intakes of fruits, vegetables, fruit juice, sweetened beverages, candy, ice cream, and bakery products using TECH with intakes acquired by 24 h dietary recalls. Participants were 39 healthy, Swedish children (5.5 +/- 0.5 years) within the ongoing Mobile-based Intervention Intended to Stop Obesity in Preschoolers (MINISTOP) obesity prevention trial. Energy and food intakes were assessed during four days using TECH and 24 h telephone dietary recalls. Mean EI (TECH) was not statistically different from TEE (DLW) (5820 +/- 820 kJ/24 h and 6040 +/- 680kJ/24 h, respectively). No significant differences in the average food intakes using TECH and 24 h dietary recalls were found. All food intakes were correlated between TECH and the 24 h dietary recalls (r = 0.665-0.896, p < 0.001). In conclusion, TECH accurately estimated the average intakes of energy and selected foods and thus has the potential to be a useful tool for dietary studies in pre-school children, for example obesity prevention trials.

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  • 11.
    Delisle Nystrom, Christine
    et al.
    Karolinska Institute, Sweden.
    Henriksson, Pontus
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of Clinical Sciences. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. PROmoting FITness and Health Phys Actv Research Grp PROFIT, Spain.
    Alexandrou, Christina
    Karolinska Institute, Sweden.
    Löf, Marie
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of Clinical Sciences. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Karolinska Institute, Sweden.
    The Tanita SC-240 to Assess Body Composition in Pre-School Children: An Evaluation against the Three Component Model2016In: Nutrients, E-ISSN 2072-6643, Vol. 8, no 6, p. 371-Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Quick, easy-to-use, and valid body composition measurement options for young children are needed. Therefore, we evaluated the ability of the bioelectrical impedance (BIA) device, Tanita SC-240, to measure fat mass (FM), fat free mass (FFM) and body fatness (BF%) in 40 healthy, Swedish 5.5 years old children against the three component model (3C model). Average BF%, FM, and FFM for BIA were: 19.4% +/- 3.9%, 4.1 +/- 1.9 kg, and 16.4 +/- 2.4 kg and were all significantly different (p amp;lt; 0.001) from corresponding values for the 3C model (25.1% +/- 5.5%, 5.3 +/- 2.5 kg, and 15.2 +/- 2.0 kg). Bland and Altman plots had wide limits of agreement for all body composition variables. Significant correlations ranging from 0.81 to 0.96 (p amp;lt; 0.001) were found for BF%, FM, and FFM between BIA and the 3C model. When dividing the children into tertiles for BF%, 60% of children were classified correctly by means of BIA. In conclusion, the Tanita SC-240 underestimated BF% in comparison to the 3C model and had wide limits of agreement. Further work is needed in order to find accurate and easy-to-use methods for assessing body composition in pre-school children.

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  • 12.
    Flor-Alemany, Marta
    et al.
    Univ Granada, Spain; Sport & Hlth Univ Res Inst IMUDS, Spain.
    Acosta-Manzano, Pedro
    Sport & Hlth Univ Res Inst IMUDS, Spain; Karl Franzens Univ Graz, Austria.
    Migueles, Jairo H.
    Univ Granada, Spain.
    Henriksson, Pontus
    Linköping University, Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Division of Society and Health. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences.
    Loef, Marie
    Karolinska Inst, Sweden.
    Aparicio, Virginia A.
    Univ Granada, Spain; Sport & Hlth Univ Res Inst IMUDS, Spain.
    Impact of Exercise Intervention Combined with Optimal Mediterranean Diet Adherence during Pregnancy on Postpartum Body Composition: A Quasi-Experimental Study-The GESTAFIT Project2023In: Nutrients, E-ISSN 2072-6643, Vol. 15, no 20, article id 4413Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    This study aimed to investigate whether the effects of an exercise program during pregnancy on postpartum body composition are moderated by following a healthy dietary pattern (i.e., Mediterranean diet (MD)). Eighty-three pregnant women (control n = 40, exercise n = 43) were included in the present quasi-experimental study. The exercise intervention consisted of a 60 min, 3 day/week throughout pregnancy from gestational week 17, supervised concurrent (aerobic + resistance) exercise program. A food frequency questionnaire and the MD Score (min-max: 0-50) were employed to assess dietary habits and the MD adherence during pregnancy, respectively. Postpartum body composition was measured with dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, 6 weeks postpartum. The body mass index and the gynecoid fat mass at postpartum were lower in the exercise compared to the control group (p = 0.018 and p = 0.047, respectively). There was an interaction showing that the MD adherence during pregnancy positively moderated the effects of the exercise intervention on postpartum lean mass (p = 0.024), fat mass percentage (p = 0.092), android fat mass (p = 0.076), and android-to-gynecoid fat mass (p = 0.019). The Johnson-Neyman technique revealed that the effects of exercise were enhanced at a MD score of similar to 31 for lean mass, similar to 25 for fat mass, similar to 23 for android fat mass and similar to 29 for android-to-gynecoid fat mass. Our results suggest that a concurrent-exercise training plus an optimal MD adherence during pregnancy might be a useful strategy to promote a healthier body composition at the postpartum period.

  • 13.
    Forsum, Elisabet
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of Clinical Sciences. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Henriksson, Pontus
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of Clinical Sciences. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Löf, Marie
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of Clinical Sciences. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Karolinska Institute, Novum, Sweden.
    The Two-Component Model for Calculating Total Body Fat from Body Density: An Evaluation in Healthy Women before, during and after Pregnancy2014In: Nutrients, E-ISSN 2072-6643, Vol. 6, no 12, p. 5888-5899Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    A possibility to assess body composition during pregnancy is often important. Estimating body density (D-B) and use the two-component model (2CM) to calculate total body fat (TBF) represents an option. However, this approach has been insufficiently evaluated during pregnancy. We evaluated the 2CM, and estimated fat-free mass (FFM) density and variability in 17 healthy women before pregnancy, in gestational weeks 14 and 32, and 2 weeks postpartum based on D-B (underwater weighing), total body water (deuterium dilution) and body weight, assessed on these four occasions. TBF, calculated using the 2CM and published FFM density (TBF2CM), was compared to reference estimates obtained using the three-component model (TBF3CM). TBF2CM minus TBF3CM (mean +/- 2SD) was -1.63 +/- 5.67 (p = 0.031), -1.39 +/- 7.75 (p = 0.16), -0.38 +/- 4.44 (p = 0.49) and -1.39 +/- 5.22 (p = 0.043) % before pregnancy, in gestational weeks 14 and 32 and 2 weeks postpartum, respectively. The effect of pregnancy on the variability of FFM density was larger in gestational week 14 than in gestational week 32. The 2CM, based on D-B and published FFM density, assessed body composition as accurately in gestational week 32 as in non-pregnant adults. Corresponding values in gestational week 14 were slightly less accurate than those obtained before pregnancy.

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  • 14.
    Forsum, Elisabet
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of Clinical Sciences. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences.
    Olhager, Elisabeth
    Lund University, Sweden.
    Törnqvist, Caroline
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Region Östergötland, Center of Paediatrics and Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Department of Paediatrics in Linköping.
    An Evaluation of the Pea Pod System for Assessing Body Composition of Moderately Premature Infants2016In: Nutrients, E-ISSN 2072-6643, Vol. 8, no 4, p. 238-Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    (1) Background: Assessing the quality of growth in premature infants is important in order to be able to provide them with optimal nutrition. The Pea Pod device, based on air displacement plethysmography, is able to assess body composition of infants. However, this method has not been sufficiently evaluated in premature infants; (2) Methods: In 14 infants in an age range of 3-7 days, born after 32-35 completed weeks of gestation, body weight, body volume, fat-free mass density (predicted by the Pea Pod software), and total body water (isotope dilution) were assessed. Reference estimates of fat-free mass density and body composition were obtained using a three-component model; (3) Results: Fat-free mass density values, predicted using Pea Pod, were biased but not significantly (p > 0.05) different from reference estimates. Body fat (%), assessed using Pea Pod, was not significantly different from reference estimates. The biological variability of fat-free mass density was 0.55% of the average value (1.0627 g/mL); (4) Conclusion: The results indicate that the Pea Pod system is accurate for groups of newborn, moderately premature infants. However, more studies where this system is used for premature infants are needed, and we provide suggestions regarding how to develop this area.

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  • 15.
    Haarhaus, Mathias
    et al.
    Karolinska Univ Hosp, Sweden; Diaverum Sweden AB, Sweden.
    Cianciolo, Giuseppe
    Univ Bologna, Italy.
    Barbuto, Simona
    Univ Bologna, Italy.
    La Manna, Gaetano
    Univ Bologna, Italy.
    Gasperoni, Lorenzo
    AUSL Romagna Infermi Hosp, Italy.
    Tripepi, Giovanni
    CNR, Italy.
    Plebani, Mario
    Univ Padua, Italy.
    Fusaro, Maria
    Natl Res Council CNR, Italy; Univ Padua, Italy.
    Magnusson, Per
    Linköping University, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Division of Clinical Chemistry and Pharmacology. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Region Östergötland, Center for Diagnostics, Department of Clinical Chemistry.
    Alkaline Phosphatase: An Old Friend as Treatment Target for Cardiovascular and Mineral Bone Disorders in Chronic Kidney Disease2022In: Nutrients, E-ISSN 2072-6643, Vol. 14, no 10, article id 2124Article, review/survey (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) is an evolutionary conserved enzyme and widely used biomarker in clinical practice. Tissue-nonspecific alkaline phosphatase (TNALP) is one of four human isozymes that are expressed as distinct TNALP isoforms after posttranslational modifications, mainly in bone, liver, and kidney tissues. Beyond the well-known effects on bone mineralization, the bone ALP (BALP) isoforms (B/I, B1, B1x, and B2) are also involved in the pathogenesis of ectopic calcification. This narrative review summarizes the recent clinical investigations and mechanisms that link ALP and BALP to inflammation, metabolic syndrome, vascular calcification, endothelial dysfunction, fibrosis, cardiovascular disease, and mortality. The association between ALP, vitamin K, bone metabolism, and fracture risk in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) is also discussed. Recent advances in different pharmacological strategies are highlighted, with the potential to modulate the expression of ALP directly and indirectly in CKD-mineral and bone disorder (CKD-MBD), e.g., epigenetic modulation, phosphate binders, calcimimetics, vitamin D, and other anti-fracture treatments. We conclude that the significant evidence for ALP as a pathogenic factor and risk marker in CKD-MBD supports the inclusion of concrete treatment targets for ALP in clinical guidelines. While a target value below 120 U/L is associated with improved survival, further experimental and clinical research should explore interventional strategies with optimal risk-benefit profiles. The future holds great promise for novel drug therapies modulating ALP.

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  • 16.
    Haarhaus, Mathias
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Division of Clinical Chemistry and Pharmacology. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Region Östergötland, Medicine Center, Department of Nephrology. Karolinska Inst, Sweden; Diaverum Sweden AB, Sweden.
    Fernström, Anders
    Linköping University, Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Division of Diagnostics and Specialist Medicine. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Region Östergötland, Medicine Center, Department of Nephrology.
    Qureshi, Abdul Rashid
    Karolinska Inst, Sweden.
    Magnusson, Per
    Linköping University, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Division of Clinical Chemistry and Pharmacology. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Region Östergötland, Center for Diagnostics, Department of Clinical Chemistry.
    The Novel Bone Alkaline Phosphatase Isoform B1x Is Associated with Improved 5-Year Survival in Chronic Kidney Disease2021In: Nutrients, E-ISSN 2072-6643, Vol. 13, no 12, article id 4402Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Circulating alkaline phosphatase (ALP) is an independent cardiovascular risk marker. Serum bone ALP (BALP) isoforms indicate bone turnover and comprise approximately 50% of total circulating ALP. In chronic kidney disease (CKD), mortality is highest in patients with increased ALP and BALP and low bone turnover. However, not all low bone turnover states are associated with increased mortality. Chronic inflammation and oxidative stress, features of protein energy wasting syndrome, induce cardiovascular BALP activity and fibro-calcification, while bone turnover is suppressed. Circulating BALP isoform B1x is associated with low ALP and low bone turnover and has been exclusively detected in CKD. We investigated the association of serum B1x with survival, abdominal aortic calcification (AAC) score, and aortic pulse wave velocity (PWV) in CKD. Serum ALP, BALP isoforms, parathyroid hormone (PTH), PWV, and AAC were measured repeatedly over 2 years in 68 prevalent dialysis patients. Mortality was assessed after 5 years. B1x was detected in 53 patients. A competing risk analysis revealed an association of B1x with improved 5-year survival; whereas, baseline PWV, but not AAC score, predicted mortality. However, PWV improved in 26 patients (53%), and B1x was associated with variation of PWV over time (p = 0.03). Patients with B1x had lower PTH and total ALP, suggesting an association with lower bone turnover. In conclusion, B1x is associated with time-varying PWV, lower circulating ALP, and improved survival in CKD, and thus may be an indicator of a reduced cardiovascular risk profile among patients with low bone turnover.

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  • 17.
    Henriksson, Pontus
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of Clinical Sciences. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. University of Granada, Spain.
    Cadenas-Sanchez, Cristina
    University of Granada, Spain.
    Leppanen, Marja H.
    University of Jyvaskyla, Finland.
    Delisle Nystrom, Christine
    Karolinska Institute, Sweden.
    Ortega, Francisco B.
    University of Granada, Spain; Karolinska Institute, Sweden.
    Pomeroy, Jeremy
    Marshfield Clin Research Fdn, WI 54449 USA.
    Ruiz, Jonatan R.
    University of Granada, Spain; Karolinska Institute, Sweden.
    Löf, Marie
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of Clinical Sciences. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Karolinska Institute, Sweden.
    Associations of Fat Mass and Fat-Free Mass with Physical Fitness in 4-Year-Old Children: Results from the MINISTOP Trial2016In: Nutrients, E-ISSN 2072-6643, Vol. 8, no 8, p. 473-Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Physical fitness is a powerful marker of health in youth. Studies in adolescents and adults suggest that higher fat mass is related to worse physical fitness. However, there is limited knowledge whether fat mass and fat-free mass are associated with physical fitness already in preschoolers. Baseline data from the MINISTOP (Mobile-based INtervention Intended to STop Obesity in Preschoolers) trial was utilized for this cross-sectional analysis. Body composition was assessed using air-displacement plethysmography. Fat mass index [fat mass (kg)/height(2) (m)] and fat-free mass index [fat-free mass (kg)/height(2) (m)] were used to provide height-adjusted measures of body composition. Physical fitness was measured using the PREFIT (FITness testing in PREschool children) battery, which assesses cardiorespiratory fitness, upper-body and lower-body muscular strength as well as motor fitness. In total, this study included 303 children (168 boys and 135 girls), who were on average 4.48 +/- 0.15 years old. Higher fat mass index was associated with worse cardiorespiratory fitness (standardized beta = -0.17, p = 0.002), lower-body muscular strength (beta = -0.17, p = 0.003) and motor fitness (beta = -0.21, p amp;lt; 0.001) in regression analyses adjusted for age, sex and mutually adjusted for fat-mass index and fat-free mass index. Conversely, higher fat-free mass index was associated with better cardiorespiratory fitness (beta = 0.18, p = 0.002), upper-body muscular strength (beta = 0.39, p amp;lt; 0.001), lower-body muscular strength (beta = 0.22, p amp;lt; 0.001) and motor fitness (beta = 0.17, p = 0.004). Thus, fat mass and fat-free mass in preschoolers appear to have joint but opposite associations with physical fitness, an important marker for current and future health.

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  • 18.
    Henriksson, Pontus
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of Clinical Sciences. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences.
    Lof, Marie
    Karolinska Institute, Sweden.
    Forsum, Elisabet
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of Clinical Sciences. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences.
    Glucose Homeostasis Variables in Pregnancy versus Maternal and Infant Body Composition2015In: Nutrients, E-ISSN 2072-6643, Vol. 7, no 7, p. 5615-5627Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Intrauterine factors influence infant size and body composition but the mechanisms involved are to a large extent unknown. We studied relationships between the body composition of pregnant women and variables related to their glucose homeostasis, i.e., glucose, HOMA-IR (homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance), hemoglobin A(1c) and IGFBP-1 (insulin-like growth factor binding protein-1), and related these variables to the body composition of their infants. Body composition of 209 women in gestational week 32 and of their healthy, singleton and full-term one-week-old infants was measured using air displacement plethysmography. Glucose homeostasis variables were assessed in gestational week 32. HOMA-IR was positively related to fat mass index and fat mass (r(2) = 0.32, p less than 0.001) of the women. Maternal glucose and HOMA-IR values were positively (p 0.006) associated, while IGFBP-1was negatively (p = 0.001) associated, with infant fat mass. HOMA-IR was positively associated with fat mass of daughters (p less than 0.001), but not of sons (p = 0.65) (Sex-interaction: p = 0.042). In conclusion, glucose homeostasis variables of pregnant women are related to their own body composition and to that of their infants. The results suggest that a previously identified relationship between fat mass of mothers and daughters is mediated by maternal insulin resistance.

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  • 19.
    Henstrom, Maria
    et al.
    Karolinska Inst, Sweden.
    Müssener, Ulrika
    Linköping University, Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Division of Society and Health. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences.
    Campbell, Karen J.
    Deakin Univ, Australia.
    Hesketh, Kylie D.
    Deakin Univ, Australia.
    Rosell, Magdalena
    Karolinska Inst, Sweden.
    Nystrom, Christine Delisle
    Karolinska Inst, Sweden; Deakin Univ, Australia.
    The Need for an Evidence-Based Program in Sweden to Support Parents to Create Healthy Lifestyle Behaviors from the Start of Life-Parental Perceptions2020In: Nutrients, E-ISSN 2072-6643, Vol. 12, no 12, article id 3823Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    In Sweden, there have been no interventions promoting the development of healthy lifestyle behaviors starting in infancy. Thus this paper aims to: (i) investigate Swedish parents experiences regarding feeding of solid foods, screen time, and physical activity in healthy infants; (ii) investigate parents needs and perceptions regarding information/support provided in primary child healthcare (CHC) and (iii) explore whether a parenting program focused on child diet and active play would be relevant and utilized. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 20 parents. These were recorded, transcribed verbatim and analyzed using thematic analysis. Seven themes emerged: Feeling excited to enter a new phase; Parents responsibility of doing it "right" can be stressful; Motivated to learn during specific time windows; Information to trust; The importance of social support from peers; Experiences of support received from CHC; and the Infant, Feeding, Activity, and Nutrition Trial (INFANT) for a Swedish context. Parents were excited to enter new phases in their childs development. However, this came with worry they were doing things "right", leading parents to want more information/support. Overall, Swedish parents were very positive about the prospects of engaging in a primary CHC delivered program to support them to promote healthy lifestyle behaviors from birth and felt this could complement the care currently provided.

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  • 20.
    Hutchinson, Ashley N.
    et al.
    Orebro Univ, Sweden.
    Tingö, Lina
    Linköping University, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Division of Inflammation and Infection. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Orebro Univ, Sweden.
    Brummer, Robert Jan
    Orebro Univ, Sweden.
    The Potential Effects of Probiotics and omega-3 Fatty Acids on Chronic Low-Grade Inflammation2020In: Nutrients, E-ISSN 2072-6643, Vol. 12, no 8, article id 2402Article, review/survey (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Chronic low-grade inflammation negatively impacts health and is associated with aging and obesity, among other health outcomes. A large number of immune mediators are present in the digestive tract and interact with gut bacteria to impact immune function. The gut microbiota itself is also an important initiator of inflammation, for example by releasing compounds such as lipopolysaccharides (LPS) that may influence cytokine production and immune cell function. Certain nutrients (e.g., probiotics, omega-3 fatty acids [FA]) may increase gut microbiota diversity and reduce inflammation.LactobacilliandBifidobacteria, among others, prevent gut hyperpermeability and lower LPS-dependent chronic low-grade inflammation. Furthermore, omega-3 FA generate positive effects on inflammation-related conditions (e.g., hypertriglyceridemia, diabetes) by interacting with immune, metabolic, and inflammatory pathways. omega-3 FA also increase LPS-suppressing bacteria (i.e.,Bifidobacteria) and decrease LPS-producing bacteria (i.e.,Enterobacteria). Additionally, omega-3 FA appear to promote short-chain FA production. Therefore, combining probiotics with omega-3 FA presents a promising strategy to promote beneficial immune regulation via the gut microbiota, with potential beneficial effects on conditions of inflammatory origin, as commonly experienced by aged and obese individuals, as well as improvements in gut-brain-axis communication.

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  • 21.
    Jones, Alexandra
    et al.
    George Inst Global Hlth, Australia; Univ Sydney, Australia.
    Rådholm, Karin
    Linköping University, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Division of Community Medicine. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Region Östergötland, Primary Care Center, Primary Health Care Center Ödeshög. George Inst Global Hlth, Australia.
    Neal, Bruce
    George Inst Global Hlth, Australia; Univ Sydney, Australia; Imperial Coll London, England.
    Defining Unhealthy: A Systematic Analysis of Alignment between the Australian Dietary Guidelines and the Health Star Rating System2018In: Nutrients, E-ISSN 2072-6643, Vol. 10, no 4, article id 501Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The Australian Dietary Guidelines (ADGs) and Health Star Rating (HSR) front-of-pack labelling system are two national interventions to promote healthier diets. Our aim was to assess the degree of alignment between the two policies. Methods: Nutrition information was extracted for 65,660 packaged foods available in The George Institutes Australian FoodSwitch database. Products were classified core or discretionary based on the ADGs, and a HSR generated irrespective of whether currently displayed on pack. Apparent outliers were identified as those products classified core that received HSR amp;lt;= 2.0; and those classified discretionary that received HSR amp;gt;= 3.5. Nutrient cut-offs were applied to determine whether apparent outliers were high in salt, total sugar or saturated fat, and outlier status thereby attributed to a failure of the ADGs or HSR algorithm. Results: 47,116 products (23,460 core; 23,656 discretionary) were included. Median (Q1, Q3) HSRs were 4.0 (3.0 to 4.5) for core and 2.0 (1.0 to 3.0) for discretionary products. Overall alignment was good: 86.6% of products received a HSR aligned with their ADG classification. Among 6324 products identified as apparent outliers, 5246 (83.0%) were ultimately determined to be ADG failures, largely caused by challenges in defining foods as core or discretionary. In total, 1078 (17.0%) were determined to be true failures of the HSR algorithm. Conclusion: The scope of genuine misalignment between the ADGs and HSR algorithm is very small. We provide evidence-informed recommendations for strengthening both policies to more effectively guide Australians towards healthier choices.

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  • 22.
    Lappi, Veli-Matti
    et al.
    Karolinska Inst, Sweden.
    Mottas, Antoine
    Karolinska Inst, Sweden.
    Sundstroem, Johan
    Uppsala Univ, Sweden; Univ New South Wales, Australia.
    Neal, Bruce
    Univ New South Wales, Australia; Imperial Coll London, England.
    Löf, Marie
    Linköping University, Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Division of Society and Health. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Karolinska Inst, Sweden.
    Rådholm, Karin
    Linköping University, Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Division of Prevention, Rehabilitation and Community Medicine. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Region Östergötland, Primary Care Center, Primary Health Care Center Kärna. Univ New South Wales, Australia.
    A Comparison of the Nutritional Qualities of Supermarkets Own and Regular Brands of Bread in Sweden2020In: Nutrients, E-ISSN 2072-6643, NUTRIENTS, Vol. 12, no 4, article id 1162Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Processed food is associated with unhealthy qualities such as higher content of harmful fats, sugars and salt. The aim of our study was to compare the nutritional qualities of supermarkets own brands and regular brands of bread sold in Sweden. Additionally, we compared the nutritional qualities of gluten-free and gluten-containing bread. We collected information from the labels of 332 bread products available in the largest grocery store chains. The Australian Health Star Rating (HSR) system was used to quantify the nutritional quality of each bread product. We compared all supermarkets own brand products to regular brand products, and gluten-free to gluten-containing bread. The mean HSR for the supermarkets own brands was lower than the regular brands (3.6 vs. 3.7; p = 0.046). For the regular brand products, the fibre, sugar and total fat content were greater (p < 0.001, p = 0.002 and p = 0.021, respectively), while less protein (p = 0.009) compared to regular bread products. Gluten-free bread had a lower HSR than gluten-containing bread (mean 3.5 vs. 3.8, respectively; p < 0.001). The regular brand products were slightly healthier than the supermarkets own brands, primarily as a result of a higher fibre content. Gluten-free bread products were slightly unhealthier due to a lower protein content.

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  • 23.
    Mall, John-Peter Ganda
    et al.
    Orebro Univ, Sweden.
    Fart, Frida
    Orebro Univ, Sweden.
    Sabet, Julia A.
    Orebro Univ, Sweden.
    Lindqvist, Carl Marten
    Orebro Univ, Sweden.
    Nestestog, Ragnhild
    Genet Anal AS, Norway.
    Hegge, Finn Terje
    Genet Anal AS, Norway.
    Keita, Åsa
    Linköping University, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Division of Surgery, Orthopedics and Oncology. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences.
    Brummer, Robert J.
    Orebro Univ, Sweden.
    Schoultz, Ida
    Orebro Univ, Sweden.
    Effects of Dietary Fibres on Acute Indomethacin-Induced Intestinal Hyperpermeability in the Elderly: A Randomised Placebo Controlled Parallel Clinical Trial2020In: Nutrients, E-ISSN 2072-6643, Vol. 12, no 7, article id 1954Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The effect of dietary fibres on intestinal barrier function has not been well studied, especially in the elderly. We aimed to investigate the potential of the dietary fibres oat beta-glucan and wheat arabinoxylan to strengthen the intestinal barrier function and counteract acute non-steroid anti-inflammatory drug (indomethacin)-induced hyperpermeability in the elderly. A general population of elderly subjects (>= 65 years,n= 49) was randomised to a daily supplementation (12g/day) of oat beta-glucan, arabinoxylan or placebo (maltodextrin) for six weeks. The primary outcome was change in acute indomethacin-induced intestinal permeability from baseline, assessed by an in vivo multi-sugar permeability test. Secondary outcomes were changes from baseline in: gut microbiota composition, systemic inflammatory status and self-reported health. Despite a majority of the study population (85%) showing a habitual fibre intake below the recommendation, no significant effects on acute indomethacin-induced intestinal hyperpermeability in vivo or gut microbiota composition were observed after six weeks intervention with either dietary fibre, compared to placebo.

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  • 24.
    Neelissen, Jan
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Division of Diagnostics and Specialist Medicine. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences.
    Leanderson, Per
    Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Linköping University, Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Division of Prevention, Rehabilitation and Community Medicine. Region Östergötland, Medicine Center, Occupational and Environmental Medicine Center.
    Jonasson, Lena
    Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Linköping University, Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Division of Diagnostics and Specialist Medicine. Region Östergötland, Heart Center, Department of Cardiology in Linköping.
    Chung, Rosanna W. S.
    Linköping University, Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Division of Diagnostics and Specialist Medicine. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences.
    The Effects of Dairy and Plant-Based Liquid Components on Lutein Liberation in Spinach Smoothies2023In: Nutrients, E-ISSN 2072-6643, Vol. 15, no 3, article id 779Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Lutein is a dietary lipophilic compound with anti-inflammatory properties. We havepreviously shown that dairy fat can improve the lutein content in spinach smoothies. It is, however,unclear whether fat concentrations and fermentation status in dairy products affect lutein liberation insmoothies. Moreover, plant-based milks vary in fat, protein, and fiber content which may affect luteindissolution. This study aimed to provide translatable information to consumers by comparing luteinliberation in spinach smoothies made with different dairy or plant-based liquids in domestic settings.The smoothies were digested in vitro, and liberated lutein was measured by high-performance liquidchromatography (HPLC). High-fat and medium-fat cow’s milk, as well as coconut milk with andwithout additives, were found to significantly improve lutein liberation by 36%, 30%, 25%, and 42%,respectively, compared to blending spinach with water alone. Adjustment models suggested thatthe effects of cow’s milk and coconut milk were derived from fat and protein, respectively. On theother hand, soymilk with and without additives showed significantly reduced lutein liberation by40% and 61%, respectively. To summarize, only 4 out of 14 tested liquids increased lutein liberationin spinach smoothies. The results highlight the importance of testing food companions for lipophilicactive ingredients.

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  • 25.
    Opstad, Trine Baur
    et al.
    Oslo Univ Hosp Ulleval, Norway; Univ Oslo, Norway.
    Alexander, Jan
    Norwegian Inst Publ Hlth, Norway.
    Aaseth, Jan O.
    Innlandet Hosp Trust, Norway; Inland Norway Univ Appl Sci, Norway.
    Larsson, Anders
    Uppsala Univ, Sweden.
    Seljeflot, Ingebjorg
    Oslo Univ Hosp Ulleval, Norway; Univ Oslo, Norway.
    Alehagen, Urban
    Linköping University, Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Division of Diagnostics and Specialist Medicine. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences.
    Selenium and Coenzyme Q(10) Intervention Prevents Telomere Attrition, with Association to Reduced Cardiovascular Mortality - Sub-Study of a Randomized Clinical Trial2022In: Nutrients, E-ISSN 2072-6643, Vol. 14, no 16, article id 3346Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Short telomeres have been associated with ageing and cardiovascular disease. The influence on leukocyte telomere length (LTL) of long-term intervention with combined selenium and coenzyme Q(10) is unknown. Our aim was to determine whether 42 months of selenium and coenzyme Q(10) supplementation prevented telomere attrition and further cardiovascular mortality. The investigation is an explorative sub-study of a double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized trial. Swedish citizens low in selenium (n = 118), aged 70-80 years, were included. Intervention time was 4 years, with 10 years follow-up time. LTL was relatively quantified with PCR at baseline and after 42 months. At baseline, LTL (SD) was 0.954 (0.260) in the active treatment group and 1.018 (0.317) in the placebo group (p = 0.23). At 42 months, less shortening of LTL was observed after active treatment compared with placebo (+0.019 vs. -0.129, respectively, p = 0.02), with a significant difference in change basing the analysis on individual changes in LTL (p < 0.001). Subjects suffering future death presented with significantly shorter LTL at 42 months than survivors [0.791 (0.190) vs. 0.941 (0.279), p = 0.01], with a significant difference in change of LTL according to cardiovascular mortality and survival (p = 0.03). To conclude, preservation of LTL after selenium and coenzyme Q(10) supplementation associated with reduced cardiovascular mortality.

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  • 26.
    Palmer, Debra J.
    et al.
    Univ Western Australia, Australia; Univ Western Australia, Australia.
    Keelan, Jeffrey
    Univ Western Australia, Australia; Univ Western Australia, Australia.
    Garssen, Johan
    Univ Utrecht, Netherlands; Nutricia Res, Netherlands.
    Simmer, Karen
    Univ Western Australia, Australia.
    Jenmalm, Maria
    Linköping University, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Division of Inflammation and Infection. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences.
    Srinivasjois, Ravisha
    Joondalup Hlth Campus, Australia.
    Silva, Desiree
    Univ Western Australia, Australia; Univ Western Australia, Australia; Joondalup Hlth Campus, Australia.
    Prescott, Susan L.
    Univ Western Australia, Australia; Univ Western Australia, Australia; Perth Childrens Hosp, Australia; Nova Inst Hlth, MD 21231 USA.
    Study Protocol for a Randomised Controlled Trial Investigating the Effects of Maternal Prebiotic Fibre Dietary Supplementation from Mid-Pregnancy to Six Months Post-Partum on Child Allergic Disease Outcomes2022In: Nutrients, E-ISSN 2072-6643, Vol. 14, no 13, article id 2753Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Infant allergy is the most common early manifestation of an increasing propensity for inflammation and immune dysregulation in modern environments. Refined low-fibre diets are a major risk for inflammatory diseases through adverse effects on the composition and function of gut microbiota. This has focused attention on the potential of prebiotic dietary fibres to favourably change gut microbiota, for local and systemic anti-inflammatory effects. In pregnancy, the immunomodulatory effects of prebiotics may also have benefits for the developing fetal immune system, and provide a potential dietary strategy to reduce the risk of allergic disease. Here, we present the study protocol for a double-blinded, randomised controlled trial investigating the effects of maternal prebiotics supplementation on child allergic disease outcomes. Eligible pregnant women have infants with a first-degree relative with a history of medically diagnosed allergic disease. Consented women are randomised to consume either prebiotics (galacto-oligosaccharides and fructo-oligosaccharides) or placebo (maltodextrin) powder daily from 18-20 weeks gestation to six months post-partum. The target sample size is 652 women. The primary outcome is infant medically diagnosed eczema; secondary outcomes include allergen sensitisation, food allergies and recurrent wheeze. Breast milk, stool and blood samples are collected at multiple timepoints for further analysis.

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  • 27.
    Qiu, Bo
    et al.
    Zhejiang Univ, Peoples R China.
    Zhu, Lian
    Hangzhou Med Coll, Peoples R China.
    Zhang, Shuobo
    Zhejiang Univ, Peoples R China.
    Han, Shengyi
    Zhejiang Univ, Peoples R China.
    Fei, Yiqiu
    Zhejiang Univ, Peoples R China.
    Ba, Furong
    Zhejiang Univ, Peoples R China.
    Berglund, Björn
    Linköping University, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Division of Inflammation and Infection. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences.
    Li, Lanjuan
    Zhejiang Univ, Peoples R China; Jinan Microecol Biomed Shandong Lab, Peoples R China.
    Yao, Mingfei
    Zhejiang Univ, Peoples R China.
    Prevention of Loperamide-Induced Constipation in Mice and Alteration of 5-Hydroxytryotamine Signaling by Ligilactobacillus salivarius Li012022In: Nutrients, E-ISSN 2072-6643, Vol. 14, no 19, article id 4083Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Although Ligilactobacillus salivarius Li01 (Li01) has shown much promise in preventing multiple gastrointestinal diseases, the potential of the probiotic in alleviating constipation and the related mechanisms remain unclear. In this study, the effects of Li01 were evaluated in a loperamide-induced constipation mouse model. The results demonstrated that Li01 intervention can relieve constipation symptoms by improving water content, quantity, and morphology of feces and act as an intestinal barrier structure protector. Furthermore, Li01 can modulate gut motility (gastrointestinal transit rate), the fluid transit-associated expression of aquaporins, and the serum parameters vasoactive intestinal peptide, substance P, and somatostatin. Constipation significantly increased the levels of 5-hydroxytryotamine (5-HT) in serum (p < 0.01) and decreased the levels in the intestine (p < 0.001). Due to its function of elevating the expression of tryptophan hydroxylase 1, this was reversed after Li01 treatment. Li01 also promoted the expression of 5-HT receptor 3 and 4, indicating that the 5-HT signaling pathway may play a critical role in the mechanism by which Li01 alleviate constipation symptoms. Additionally, Li01 significantly altered the gut microbiota composition by enhancing the ratio of Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes and increasing the abundance of Rikenellaceae_RC9 genera. Based on the above results, Li01 may have the potential to effectively alleviate constipation by regulating the 5-HT pathway and alteration of the gut microbiota.

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  • 28.
    Seyyedi, Navisa
    et al.
    Urmia Univ Med Sci, Iran; Urmia Univ Med Sci, Iran.
    Rahimi, Bahlol
    Urmia Univ Med Sci, Iran.
    Eslamlou, Hamid Reza Farrokh
    Urmia Univ Med Sci, Iran.
    Afshar, Hadi Lotfnezhad
    Urmia Univ Med Sci, Iran.
    Spreco, Armin
    Linköping University, Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Division of Society and Health. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Region Östergötland, Regionledningskontoret, Enheten för folkhälsa.
    Timpka, Toomas
    Linköping University, Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Division of Society and Health. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Region Östergötland, Regionledningskontoret, Enheten för folkhälsa.
    Smartphone-Based Maternal Education for the Complementary Feeding of Undernourished Children Under 3 Years of Age in Food-Secure Communities: Randomised Controlled Trial in Urmia, Iran2020In: Nutrients, E-ISSN 2072-6643, NUTRIENTS, Vol. 12, no 2, article id 587Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The mothers nutritional literacy is an important determinant of child malnourishment. We assessed the effect of a smartphone-based maternal nutritional education programme for the complementary feeding of undernourished children under 3 years of age in a food-secure middle-income community. The study used a randomised controlled trial design with one intervention arm and one control arm (n = 110; 1:1 ratio) and was performed at one well-child clinic in Urmia, Iran. An educational smartphone application was delivered to the intervention group for a 6-month period while the control group received treatment-as-usual (TAU) with regular check-ups of the childs development at the well-child centre and the provision of standard nutritional information. The primary outcome measure was change in the indicator of acute undernourishment (i.e., wasting) which is the weight-for-height z-score (WHZ). Children in the smartphone group showed greater wasting status improvement (WHZ +0.65 (95% Confidence Interval (CI) +/- 0.16)) than children in the TAU group (WHZ +0.31 (95% CI +/- 0.21); p = 0.011) and greater reduction (89.6% vs. 51.5%; p = 0.016) of wasting caseness (i.e., WHZ < 2; yes/no). We conclude that smartphone-based maternal nutritional education in complementary feeding is more effective than TAU for reducing undernourishment among children under 3 years of age in food-secure communities.

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  • 29.
    Tingö, Lina
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Division of Inflammation and Infection. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Orebro Univ, Sweden; Orebro Univ, Sweden.
    Hutchinson, Ashley N.
    Orebro Univ, Sweden.
    Bergh, Cecilia
    Orebro Univ, Sweden.
    Stiefvatter, Lena
    Univ Hohenheim, Germany.
    Schweinlin, Anna
    Univ Hohenheim, Germany.
    Jensen, Morten G.
    GSK Consumer Healthcare ApS, Denmark.
    Krüger, Kirsten
    Wageningen Univ & Res, Netherlands.
    Bischoff, Stephan C.
    Univ Hohenheim, Germany.
    Brummer, Robert J.
    Orebro Univ, Sweden; Orebro Univ, Sweden.
    Potential Modulation of Inflammation by Probiotic and Omega-3 Supplementation in Elderly with Chronic Low-Grade Inflammation - A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Trial2022In: Nutrients, E-ISSN 2072-6643, Vol. 14, no 19, article id 3998Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Probiotic and omega-3 supplements have been shown to reduce inflammation, and dual supplementation may have synergistic health effects. We investigated if the novel combination of a multi-strain probiotic (containing B. lactis Bi-07, L. paracasei Lpc-37, L. acidophilus NCFM, and B. lactis Bl-04) alongside omega-3 supplements reduces low-grade inflammation as measured by high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) in elderly participants in a proof-of-concept, randomized, placebo-controlled, parallel study (NCT04126330). In this case, 76 community-dwelling elderly participants (median: 71.0 years; IQR: 68.0-73.8) underwent an intervention with the dual supplement (n = 37) or placebo (n = 39) for eight weeks. In addition to hs-CRP, cytokine levels and intestinal permeability were also assessed at baseline and after the eight-week intervention. No significant difference was seen for hs-CRP between the dual supplement group and placebo. However, interestingly, supplementation did result in significant increases in the level of the anti-inflammatory marker IL-10. In addition, dual supplementation increased levels of valeric acid, further suggesting the potential of the supplements in reducing inflammation and conferring health benefits. Together, the results suggest that probiotic and omega-3 dual supplementation exerts modest effects on inflammation and may have potential use as a non-pharmacological treatment for low-grade inflammation in the elderly.

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  • 30.
    Wejryd, Erik
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of Children's and Women's health. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Region Östergötland, Center of Paediatrics and Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Department of Paediatrics in Norrköping.
    Generó, Magali Marti
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of Neuro and Inflammation Science. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences.
    Marchini, Giovanna
    Karolinska Univ Hosp, Sweden; Karolinska Inst, Sweden.
    Werme, Anna
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences.
    Jonsson, Baldvin
    Karolinska Univ Hosp, Sweden; Karolinska Inst, Sweden.
    Landberg, Eva
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of Cell Biology. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Region Östergötland, Center for Diagnostics, Department of Clinical Chemistry.
    Abrahamsson, Thomas
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of Children's and Women's health. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Region Östergötland, Center of Paediatrics and Gynaecology and Obstetrics, H.K.H. Kronprinsessan Victorias barn- och ungdomssjukhus.
    Low Diversity of Human Milk Oligosaccharides is Associated with Necrotising Enterocolitis in Extremely Low Birth Weight Infants2018In: Nutrients, E-ISSN 2072-6643, Vol. 10, no 10, article id 1556Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Difference in human milk oligosaccharides (HMO) composition in breast milk may be one explanation why some preterm infants develop necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) despite being fed exclusively with breast milk. The aim of this study was to measure the concentration of 15 dominant HMOs in breast milk during the neonatal period and investigate how their levels correlated to NEC, sepsis, and growth in extremely low birth weight (ELBW; amp;lt;1000 g) infants who were exclusively fed with breast milk. Milk was collected from 91 mothers to 106 infants at 14 and 28 days and at postmenstrual week 36. The HMOs were analysed with high-performance anion-exchange chromatography with pulsed amperometric detection. The HMOs diversity and the levels of Lacto-N-difucohexaose I were lower in samples from mothers to NEC cases, as compared to non-NEC cases at all sampling time points. Lacto-N-difucohexaose I is only produced by secretor and Lewis positive mothers. There were also significant but inconsistent associations between 3-sialyllactose and 6-sialyllactose and culture-proven sepsis and significant, but weak correlations between several HMOs and growth rate. Our results suggest that the variation in HMO composition in breast milk may be an important factor explaining why exclusively breast milk fed ELBW infants develop NEC.

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  • 31.
    Wu, Richard Y.
    et al.
    Res Inst Hosp Sick Children, Canada; Univ Toronto, Canada.
    Botts, Steven R.
    Res Inst Hosp Sick Children, Canada.
    Johnson-Henry, Kathene C.
    Res Inst Hosp Sick Children, Canada; Univ Toronto, Canada.
    Landberg, Eva
    Linköping University, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Division of Cell Biology. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Region Östergötland, Center for Diagnostics, Department of Clinical Chemistry.
    Abrahamsson, Thomas
    Linköping University, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Division of Children's and Women's Health. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Region Östergötland, Center of Paediatrics and Gynaecology and Obstetrics, H.K.H. Kronprinsessan Victorias barn- och ungdomssjukhus.
    Sherman, Philip M.
    Res Inst Hosp Sick Children, Canada; Univ Toronto, Canada.
    Variations in the Composition of Human Milk Oligosaccharides Correlates with Effects on Both the Intestinal Epithelial Barrier and Host Inflammation: A Pilot Study2022In: Nutrients, E-ISSN 2072-6643, Vol. 14, no 5, article id 1014Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Background: Human milk oligosaccharides are complex, non-digestible carbohydrates that directly interact with intestinal epithelial cells to alter barrier function and host inflammation. Oligosaccharide composition varies widely between individual mothers, but it is unclear if this inter-individual variation has any impact on intestinal epithelial barrier function and gut inflammation. Methods: Human milk oligosaccharides were extracted from the mature human milk of four individual donors. Using an in vitro model of intestinal injury, the effects of the oligosaccharides on the intestinal epithelial barrier and select innate and adaptive immune functions were assessed. Results: Individual oligosaccharide compositions shared comparable effects on increasing transepithelial electrical resistance and reducing the macromolecular permeability of polarized (Caco-2Bbe1) monolayers but exerted distinct effects on the localization of the intercellular tight junction protein zona occludins-1 in response to injury induced by a human enteric bacterial pathogen Escherichia coli, serotype O157:H7. Immunoblots showed the differential effects of oligosaccharide compositions in reducing host chemokine interleukin 8 expression and inhibiting of p38 MAP kinase activation. Conclusions: These results provide evidence of both shared and distinct effects on the host intestinal epithelial function that are attributable to inter-individual differences in the composition of human milk oligosaccharides.

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  • 32.
    Yao, Mingfei
    et al.
    Zhejiang Univ, Peoples R China.
    Fei, Yiqiu
    Zhejiang Univ, Peoples R China.
    Zhang, Shuobo
    Zhejiang Univ, Peoples R China.
    Qiu, Bo
    Zhejiang Univ, Peoples R China.
    Zhu, Lian
    Hangzhou Med Coll, Peoples R China.
    Li, Fang
    Columbia Univ, NY 10032 USA.
    Berglund, Björn
    Linköping University, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Division of Inflammation and Infection. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences.
    Xiao, Hang
    Univ Massachusetts, MA 01003 USA.
    Li, Lanjuan
    Zhejiang Univ, Peoples R China; Jinan Microecol Biomed Shandong Lab, Peoples R China.
    Gut Microbiota Composition in Relation to the Metabolism of Oral Administrated Resveratrol2022In: Nutrients, E-ISSN 2072-6643, Vol. 14, no 5, article id 1013Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Resveratrol (RSV) has been confirmed to confer multiple health benefits, and the majority of RSV tends to be metabolized in the gut microbiota after oral administration. In this study, the metabolism of RSV was investigated by using mouse models with distinct gut microbiota compositions: germ-free mice colonized with probiotics, conventional mouse, and DSS-induced colitis mouse models. The results demonstrated that in feces, the metabolites of RSV, including resveratrol sulfate (RES-sulfate), resveratrol glucuronide (RES-glucuronide), and dihydroresveratrol, significantly increased after probiotics colonized in germ-free mice. Furthermore, RES-sulfate and RES-glucuronide were below the detectable limit in the feces of conventional mice, with dihydroresveratrol being the dominant metabolite. Compared to the conventional mice, the ratio of Firmicutes/Bacteroides and the abundance of Lactobacillus genera were found significantly elevated in colitis mice after long-term ingestion of RSV, which shifted the metabolism of RSV in return. Our study provided critical implications in further application of RSV in foods and food supplements.

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