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  • 1.
    Aeppli, Christoph
    et al.
    Stockholm University, Sweden .
    Bastviken, David
    Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för tema, Tema vatten i natur och samhälle. Linköpings universitet, Filosofiska fakulteten.
    Andersson, Per
    Swedish Museum Nat Hist, Sweden .
    Gustafsson, Orjan
    Stockholm University, Sweden .
    Chlorine Isotope Effects and Composition of Naturally Produced Organochlorines from Chloroperoxidases, Flavin-Dependent Halogenases, and in Forest Soil2013Ingår i: Environmental Science and Technology, ISSN 0013-936X, E-ISSN 1520-5851, Vol. 47, nr 13, s. 6864-6871Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    The use of stable chlorine isotopic signatures (delta Cl-37) of organochlorine compounds has been suggested as a tool to determine both their origins and transformations in the environment. Here we investigated the delta Cl-37 fractionation of two important pathways for enzymatic natural halogenation: chlorination by chloroperoxidase (CPO) and flavin-dependent halogenases (FDH). Phenolic products of CPO were highly Cl-37 depleted (delta Cl-37 = -12.6 +/- 0.9 parts per thousand); significantly more depleted than all known industrially produced organochlorine compounds (delta Cl-37 = -7 to +6 parts per thousand). In contrast, four FDH products did not exhibit any observable isotopic shifts (delta Cl-37 = -0.3 +/- 0.6 parts per thousand). We attributed the different isotopic effect to the distinctly different chlorination mechanisms employed by the two enzymes. Furthermore, the delta Cl-37 in bulk organochlorines extracted from boreal forest soils were only slightly depleted in Cl-37 relative to inorganic Cl. In contrast to previous suggestions that CPO plays a key role in production of soil organochlorines, this observation points to the additional involvement of either other chlorination pathways, or that dechlorination of naturally produced organochlorines can neutralize delta Cl-37 shifts caused by CPO chlorination. Overall, this study demonstrates that chlorine isotopic signatures are highly useful to understand sources and cycling of organochlorines in nature. Furthermore, this study presents delta Cl-37 values of FDH products as well of bulk organochlorines extracted from pristine forest soil for the first time.

  • 2.
    Bastviken, David
    et al.
    Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för tema, Tema vatten i natur och samhälle. Linköpings universitet, Filosofiska fakulteten.
    Lucia Santoro, Ana
    Univ Fed Rio de Janeiro.
    Marotta, Humberto
    Univ Fed Rio de Janeiro.
    Queiroz Pinho, Luana
    Univ Fed Rio de Janeiro.
    Fernandes Calheiros, Debora
    Ctr Agr Res Pantanal Embrapa Pantanal.
    Crill, Patrick
    Stockholm University.
    Enrich-Prast, Alex
    Univ Fed Rio de Janeiro.
    Methane Emissions from Pantanal, South America, during the Low Water Season: Toward More Comprehensive Sampling2010Ingår i: Environmental Science and Technology, ISSN 0013-936X, E-ISSN 1520-5851, Vol. 44, nr 14, s. 5450-5455Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    Freshwater environments contribute 75% of the natural global methane (CH4) emissions. While there are indications that tropical lakes and reservoirs emit 58-400% more CH4 per unit area than similar environments in boreal and temperate biomes, direct measurements of tropical lake emissions are scarce. We measured CH4 emissions from 16 natural shallow lakes in the Pantanal region of South America, one of the worlds largest tropical wetland areas, during the low water period using floating flux chambers. Measured fluxes ranged from 3.9 to 74.2 mmol m(-2) d(-1) with the average from all studied lakes being 8.8 mmol m(-2) d(-1) (131.8 mg CH4 m(-2) d(-1)), of which ebullition accounted for 91% of the flux (28-98% on individual lakes). Diel cycling of emission rates was observed and therefore 24-h long measurements are recommended rather than short-term measurements not accounting for the full diel cycle. Methane emission variability within a lake may be equal to or more important than between lake variability in floodplain areas as this study identified diverse habitats within lakes having widely different flux rates. Future measurements with static floating chambers should be based on many individual chambers distributed in the various subenvironments of a lake that may differ in emissions in order to account for the within lake variability.

  • 3.
    Bastviken, David
    et al.
    Stockholm University.
    Sandén, Per
    Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för tema, Centrum för klimatpolitisk forskning. Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för tema, Tema vatten i natur och samhälle. Linköpings universitet, Filosofiska fakulteten.
    Svensson, Teresia
    Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för tema, Centrum för klimatpolitisk forskning. Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för tema, Tema vatten i natur och samhälle. Linköpings universitet, Filosofiska fakulteten.
    Ståhlberg, Carina
    Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för tema, Tema vatten i natur och samhälle. Linköpings universitet, Filosofiska fakulteten.
    Magounakis, Malin
    Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för tema, Centrum för klimatpolitisk forskning. Linköpings universitet, Filosofiska fakulteten.
    Öberg, Gunilla
    Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för tema, Centrum för klimatpolitisk forskning. Linköpings universitet, Filosofiska fakulteten.
    Chloride retention and release in a boreal forest soil: effects of soil water residence time and nitrogen and chloride loads2006Ingår i: Environmental Science and Technology, ISSN 0013-936X, E-ISSN 1520-5851, Vol. 40, nr 9, s. 2977-2982Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    The common assumption that chloride (Cl-) is conservative in soils and can be used as a groundwater tracer is currently being questioned, and an increasing number of studies indicate that Cl- can be retained in soils. We performed lysimeter experiments with soil from a coniferous forest in southeast Sweden to determine whether pore water residence time and nitrogen and Cl- loads affected Cl- retention. Over the first 42 days there was a net retention of Cl- with retention rates averaging 3.1 mg Cl- m-2 d-1 (68% of the added Cl- retained over 42 days). Thereafter, a net release of Cl- at similar rates was observed for the remaining experimental period (85 d). Longer soil water residence time and higher Cl- load gave higher initial retention and subsequent release rates than shorter residence time and lower Cl- load did. Nitrogen load did not affect Cl transformation rates. This study indicates that simultaneous retention and release of Cl- can occur in soils, and that rates may be considerable relative to the load. The retention of Cl- observed was probably due to chlorination of soil organic matter or ion exchange. The cause of the shift between net retention and net release is unclear, but we hypothesize that the presence of O2 or the presence of microbially available organic matter regulates Cl- retention and release rates.

  • 4.
    Bastviken, David
    et al.
    Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för tema, Tema vatten i natur och samhälle. Linköpings universitet, Filosofiska fakulteten.
    Svensson, Teresia
    Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för tema, Tema vatten i natur och samhälle. Linköpings universitet, Filosofiska fakulteten.
    Karlsson, Susanne
    Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för tema, Tema vatten i natur och samhälle. Linköpings universitet, Filosofiska fakulteten.
    Sandén, Per
    Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för tema, Tema vatten i natur och samhälle. Linköpings universitet, Filosofiska fakulteten.
    Öberg, Gunilla
    IRES, UBC, Canada.
    Temperature sensitivity indicates enzyme controlled chlorination of soil organic matter2009Ingår i: Environmental Science and Technology, ISSN 0013-936X, E-ISSN 1520-5851, Vol. 43, nr 10, s. 3569-3573Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    Old assumptions that chloride is inert and that most chlorinated organic matter in soils is anthropogenic have been challenged by findings of naturally formed organochlorines. Such natural chlorination has been recognized for several decades, but there are still very few measurements of chlorination rates or estimates of the quantitative importance of terrestrial chlorine transformations. While much is known about the formation of specific compounds, bulk chlorination remains poorly understood in terms of mechanisms and effects of environmental factors. We quantified bulk chlorination rates in coniferous forest soil using 36Cl-chloride in tracer experiments at different temperatures and with and without molecular oxygen (O2). Chlorination was enhanced by the presence of O2 and had a temperature optimum at 20 °C. Minimum rates were found at high temperatures (50 °C) or under anoxic conditions. The results indicate (1) that most of the chlorination between 4 and 40 °C was biotic and driven by O2 dependent enzymes, and (2) that there is also slower background chlorination occurring under anoxic conditions at 20 °C and under oxic conditions at 50 °C. Hence, while oxic and biotic chlorination clearly dominated, chlorination by other processes including possible abiotic reactions was also detected.

  • 5.
    Benskin, Jonathan
    et al.
    University of Alberta, Canada.
    Ahrens, Lutz
    Institute for Coastal Research, Geesthacht, Tyskland.
    Muir, Derek
    Environment Canada, Kanada.
    Scott, Brian
    Environment Canada, Kanada.
    Spencer, Christine
    Environment Canada, Kanada.
    Rosenberg, Bruno
    Department of Fisheries and Oceans, Canada.
    Tomy, Gregg
    Department of Fisheries and Oceans, Canada.
    Kylin, Henrik
    Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för tema, Tema vatten i natur och samhälle. Linköpings universitet, Filosofiska fakulteten.
    Lohmann, Rainer
    University of Rhode Island, USA.
    Martin, Jonathan
    University of Alberta, Canada.
    Manufacturing Origin of Perfluorooctanoate (PFOA) in Atlantic and Canadian Arctic Seawater2012Ingår i: Environmental Science and Technology, ISSN 0013-936X, E-ISSN 1520-5851, Vol. 46, nr 2, s. 677-685Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    The extent to which different manufacturing sources and long-range transport pathways contribute to perfluorooctanoate (PFOA) in the world’s oceans, particularly in remote locations, is widely debated. Here, the relative contribution of historic (i.e., electrochemically fluorinated) and contemporary (i.e., telomer) manufacturing sources was assessed for PFOA in various seawater samples by an established isomer profiling technique. The ratios of individual branched PFOA isomers were indistinguishable from those in authentic historic standards in 93% of the samples examined, indicating that marine processes had little influence on isomer profiles, and that isomer profiling is a valid source apportionment tool for seawater. Eastern Atlantic PFOA was largely (83−98%) of historic origin, but this decreased to only 33% close to the Eastern U.S. seaboard. Similarly, PFOA in the Norwegian Sea was near exclusively historic, but the relative contribution decreased to ∼50% near the Baltic Sea. Such observations of contemporary PFOA in coastal source regions coincided with elevated concentrations, suggesting that the continued production and use of PFOA is currently adding to the marine burden of this contaminant. In the Arctic, a spatial trend was observed whereby PFOA in seawater originating from the Atlantic was predominantly historic (up to 99%), whereas water in the Archipelago (i.e., from the Pacific) was predominantly of contemporary origin (as little as 17% historic). These data help to explain reported temporal and spatial trends from Arctic wildlife biomonitoring, and suggest that the dominant PFOA source(s) to the Pacific and Canadian Arctic Archipelago are either (a) from direct emissions of contemporary PFOA via manufacturing or use in Asia, or (b) from atmospheric transport and oxidation of contemporary PFOA-precursors.

  • 6.
    Benskin, Jonathan P.
    et al.
    University of Alberta, Canada .
    Muir, Derek C. G.
    Environm Canada, Canada .
    Scott, Brian F.
    Environm Canada, Canada .
    Spencer, Christine
    Environm Canada, Canada .
    De Silva, Amila O.
    Environm Canada, Canada .
    Kylin, Henrik
    Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för tema, Tema vatten i natur och samhälle. Linköpings universitet, Filosofiska fakulteten.
    Martin, Jonathan W.
    University of Alberta, Canada .
    Morris, Adam
    University of Guelph, Canada .
    Lohmann, Rainer
    University of Rhode Isl, RI 02882 USA .
    Tomy, Gregg
    Department Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Canada .
    Rosenberg, Bruno
    Department Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Canada .
    Taniyasu, Sachi
    National Institute Adv Ind Science and Technology, Japan .
    Yamashita, Nobuyoshi
    National Institute Adv Ind Science and Technology, Japan .
    Perfluoroalkyl Acids in the Atlantic and Canadian Arctic Oceans2012Ingår i: Environmental Science and Technology, ISSN 0013-936X, E-ISSN 1520-5851, Vol. 46, nr 11, s. 5815-5823Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    We report here on the spatial distribution of C-4, C-6, and C-8 perfluoroalkyl sulfonates, C-6-C-14 perfluoroalkyl carboxylates, and perfluorooctanesulfonamide in the Atlantic and Arctic Oceans, including previously unstudied coastal waters of North and South America, and the Canadian Arctic Archipelago. Perfluorooctanoate (PFOA) and perfluorooctanesulfonate (PFOS) were typically the dominant perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs) in Atlantic water. In the midnorthwest Atlantic/Gulf Stream, sum PFAA concentrations (Sigma PFAAs) were low (77-190 pg/L) but increased rapidly upon crossing into U.S. coastal water (up to 5800 pg/L near Rhode Island). Sigma PFAAs in the northeast Atlantic were highest north of the Canary Islands (280-980 pg/L) and decreased with latitude. In the South Atlantic, concentrations increased near Rio de la Plata (Argentina/Uruguay; 350-540 pg/L Sigma PFAAs), possibly attributable to insecticides containing N-ethyl perfluorooctanesulfonamide, or proximity to Montevideo and Buenos Aires. In all other southern hemisphere locations, Sigma PFAAs were less than210 pg/L. PFOA/PFOS ratios were typically greater than= 1 in the northern hemisphere, similar to 1 near the equator, and less than= 1 in the southern hemisphere. In the Canadian Arctic, Sigma PFAAs ranged from 40 to 250 pg/L, with perfluoroheptanoate, PFOA, and PFOS among the PFAAs detected at the highest concentrations. PFOA/PFOS ratios (typically greater thangreater than1) decreased from Baffin Bay to the Amundsen Gulf; possibly attributable to increased atmospheric inputs. These data help validate global emissions models and contribute to understanding of long-range transport pathways and sources of PFAAs to remote regions.

  • 7.
    Börjesson, Gunnar
    et al.
    Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för tema, Tema vatten i natur och samhälle. Linköpings universitet, Filosofiska fakulteten.
    Samuelsson, J.
    Department of Radio and Space Science, Chalmers Technical University, SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Chanton, J.
    Department of Oceanography, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306-4320, United States.
    Methane oxidation in Swedish landfills quantified with the stable carbon isotope technique in combination with an optical method for emitted methane2007Ingår i: Environmental Science and Technology, ISSN 0013-936X, E-ISSN 1520-5851, Vol. 41, nr 19, s. 6684-6690Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    Methane budgets (production = emissions + oxidation + recovery) were estimated for six landfill sites in Sweden. Methane oxidation was measured in downwind plumes with a stable isotope technique (Chanton, J. P., et al., Environ. Sci. Technol. 1999, 33, 3755-3760.) Positions in plumes for isotope sampling as well as methane emissions were determined with an optical instrument (Fourier Transform InfraRed) in combination with N2O as tracer gas (Galle, B., et al., Environ. Sci. Technol. 2001, 35, 21-25.) Two landfills had been closed for years prior to the measurements, while four were active. Measurements at comparable soil temperatures showed that the two closed landfills had a significantly higher fraction of oxidized methane (38-42% of emission) relative to the four active landfills (4.6-15% of emission). These results highlight the importance of installing and maintaining effective landfill covers and also indicate that substantial amounts of methane escape from active landfills. Based on these results we recommend that the IPCC default values for methane oxidation in managed landfills could be set to 10% for active sites and 20% for closed sites. Gas recovery was found to be highly variable at the different sites, with values from 14% up to 65% of total methane production. The variance can be attributed to different waste management practices. © 2007 American Chemical Society.

  • 8.
    Cao, Huiming
    et al.
    Hubei Key Laboratory of Environmental and Health Effects of Persistent Toxic Substances, Institute of Environment and Health, Jianghan University, Wuhan, China.
    Zhou, Zhen
    Hubei Key Laboratory of Environmental and Health Effects of Persistent Toxic Substances, Institute of Environment and Health, Jianghan University, Wuhan, China; Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Chemical Materials and Devices, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Jianghan University, Wuhan, China.
    Hu, Zhe
    College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.
    Wei, Cuiyun
    Hubei Key Laboratory of Environmental and Health Effects of Persistent Toxic Substances, Institute of Environment and Health, Jianghan University, Wuhan, China; College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.
    Li, Jie
    College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.
    Wang, Ling
    Hubei Key Laboratory of Environmental and Health Effects of Persistent Toxic Substances, Institute of Environment and Health, Jianghan University, Wuhan, China.
    Liu, Guangliang
    Hubei Key Laboratory of Environmental and Health Effects of Persistent Toxic Substances, Institute of Environment and Health, Jianghan University, Wuhan, China.
    Zhang, Jie
    College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.
    Wang, Yawei
    State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
    Wang, Thanh
    Örebro universitet, Institutionen för naturvetenskap och teknik.
    Liang, Yong
    Hubei Key Laboratory of Environmental and Health Effects of Persistent Toxic Substances, Institute of Environment and Health, Jianghan University, Wuhan, China.
    Effect of Enterohepatic Circulation on the Accumulation of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances: Evidence from Experimental and Computational Studies2022Ingår i: Environmental Science and Technology, ISSN 0013-936X, E-ISSN 1520-5851, Vol. 56, nr 5, s. 3214-3224Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    The pharmacokinetic characteristics of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) affect their distribution and bioaccumulation in biological systems. The enterohepatic circulation leads to reabsorption of certain chemicals from bile back into blood and the liver and thus influences their elimination, yet its influence on PFAS bioaccumulation remains unclear. We explored the role of enterohepatic circulation in PFAS bioaccumulation by examining tissue distribution of various PFAS in wild fish and a rat model. Computational models were used to determine the reabsorbed fractions of PFAS by calculating binding affinities of PFAS for key transporter proteins of enterohepatic circulation. The results indicated that higher concentrations were observed in blood, the liver, and bile compared to other tissues for some PFAS in fish. Furthermore, exposure to a PFAS mixture on the rat model showed that the reabsorption phenomenon appeared during 8-12 h for most long-chain PFAS. Molecular docking calculations suggest that PFAS can bind to key transporter proteins via electrostatic and hydrophobic interactions. Further regression analysis adds support to the hypothesis that binding affinity of the apical sodium-dependent bile acid transporter is the most important variable to predict the human half-lives of PFAS. This study demonstrated the critical role of enterohepatic circulation in reabsorption, distribution, and accumulation of PFAS.

  • 9.
    Cao, Huiming
    et al.
    Hubei Key Laboratory of Environmental and Health Effects of Persistent Toxic Substances, Jianghan University, Wuhan, P. R. China; Institute of Environment and Health, Jianghan University, Wuhan, P. R. China.
    Zhou, Zhen
    Hubei Key Laboratory of Environmental and Health Effects of Persistent Toxic Substances, Jianghan University, Wuhan, P. R. China; Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Chemical Materials and Devices, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Jianghan University, Wuhan, P. R. China.
    Wang, Ling
    Hubei Key Laboratory of Environmental and Health Effects of Persistent Toxic Substances, Jianghan University, Wuhan, P. R. China; Institute of Environment and Health, Jianghan University, Wuhan, P. R. China.
    Liu, Guangliang
    Hubei Key Laboratory of Environmental and Health Effects of Persistent Toxic Substances, Jianghan University, Wuhan, P. R. China; Institute of Environment and Health, Jianghan University, Wuhan, P. R. China.
    Sun, Yuzhen
    Hubei Key Laboratory of Environmental and Health Effects of Persistent Toxic Substances, Jianghan University, Wuhan, P. R. China; Institute of Environment and Health, Jianghan University, Wuhan, P. R. China.
    Wang, Yawei
    Institute of Environment and Health, Jianghan University, Wuhan, P. R. China; State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China.
    Wang, Thanh
    Örebro universitet, Institutionen för naturvetenskap och teknik.
    Liang, Yong
    Hubei Key Laboratory of Environmental and Health Effects of Persistent Toxic Substances, Jianghan University, Wuhan, P. R. China; Institute of Environment and Health, Jianghan University, Wuhan, P. R. China.
    Screening of Potential PFOS Alternatives To Decrease Liver Bioaccumulation: Experimental and Computational Approaches2019Ingår i: Environmental Science and Technology, ISSN 0013-936X, E-ISSN 1520-5851, Vol. 53, nr 5, s. 2811-2819Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    Perfluorooctanesulfonate (PFOS) is a persistent organic pollutant with significant bioaccumulation potential in liver tissues. Exposure to PFOS could cause increase of liver weight, induce adenomas of the liver, and cause hepatomegaly. Alternatives of PFOS might be designed and synthesized that have significantly lower liver bioaccumulation. In this study, we conducted animal exposure experiments to investigate tissue accumulations of 14 per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances. Correlation analysis demonstrated that accumulation of the compounds in rat liver had strong correlations with their binding affinities of liver fatty acid binding protein (LFABP). Thus, we combined a quantitative structure-activity relationship model with molecular dynamics (MD) simulations to develop computational models to predict the LFABP binding affinities of two newly synthesized alternatives, perfluorodecalin-2-sulfonic acid and N-diperfluorobutanoic acid. The binding characteristics of the PFOS alternatives for LFABP were elaborated to explore how the different structural modifications of molecules influenced the underlying binding mechanisms. Subsequent animal experiments demonstrated that the binding free energy calculations based on the MD simulations provided a good indicator to reflect the relative degree of liver accumulation of the PFOS alternatives in the same exposure doses and durations. Our findings from the combination of experimental exposure and computational model can provide helpful information to design potential alternatives of PFOS with weak LFABP binding capability and low liver accumulation.

  • 10.
    Conley, D.J.
    et al.
    Department of Marine Ecology, Natl. Environ. Research Institute, P.O. Box 358, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark.
    Humborg, C.
    Department of Systems Ecology, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden.
    Rahm, Lars
    Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för tema, Tema vatten i natur och samhälle. Linköpings universitet, Filosofiska fakulteten.
    Savchuk, O.P.
    Department of Systems Ecology, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden.
    Wulff, F.
    Department of Systems Ecology, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden.
    Hypoxia in the baltic sea and basin-scale changes in phosphorus biogeochemistry2002Ingår i: Environmental Science and Technology, ISSN 0013-936X, E-ISSN 1520-5851, Vol. 36, nr 24, s. 5315-5320Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    Deep-water oxygen concentrations in the Baltic Sea are influenced by eutrophication, but also by saltwater inflows from the North Sea. In the last two decades, only two major inflows have been recorded and the lack of major inflows is believed to have resulted in a long-term stagnation of the deepest bottom water. Analyzing data from 1970 to 2000 at the basin scale, we show that the estimated volume of water with oxygen, <2 mL L-1, was actually at a minimum at the end of the longest so-called stagnation period on record. We also show that annual changes in dissolved inorganic phosphate water pools were positively correlated to the area of bottom covered by hypoxic water, but not to changes in total phosphorus load, thus addressing the legacy of eutrophication on a basinwide scale. The variations in phosphorus pools that have occurred during the past decades do not reflect any human action to reduce inputs. The long residence time and internally controlled variation of the large P pool in the Baltic Sea has important implications for management of both N and P inputs into this eutrophicated enclosed basin.

  • 11.
    Cousins, Ian
    et al.
    Stockholms universitet, Institutionen för miljövetenskap.
    Johansson, Jana H.
    Stockholms universitet, Institutionen för miljövetenskap.
    Salter, Matthew E.
    Stockholms universitet, Institutionen för miljövetenskap.
    Sha, Bo
    Stockholms universitet, Institutionen för miljövetenskap.
    Scheringer, Martin
    Outside the Safe Operating Space of a New Planetary Boundary for Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS)2022Ingår i: Environmental Science and Technology, ISSN 0013-936X, E-ISSN 1520-5851, Vol. 56, nr 16, s. 11172-11179Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    It is hypothesized that environmental contamination by per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) defines a separate planetary boundary and that this boundary has been exceeded. This hypothesis is tested by comparing the levels of four selected perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs) (i.e., perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS), perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), perfluorohexanesulfonic acid (PFHxS), and perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA)) in various global environmental media (i.e., rainwater, soils, and surface waters) with recently proposed guideline levels. On the basis of the four PFAAs considered, it is concluded that (1) levels of PFOA and PFOS in rainwater often greatly exceed US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Lifetime Drinking Water Health Advisory levels and the sum of the aforementioned four PFAAs (Σ4 PFAS) in rainwater is often above Danish drinking water limit values also based on Σ4 PFAS; (2) levels of PFOS in rainwater are often above Environmental Quality Standard for Inland European Union Surface Water; and (3) atmospheric deposition also leads to global soils being ubiquitously contaminated and to be often above proposed Dutch guideline values. It is, therefore, concluded that the global spread of these four PFAAs in the atmosphere has led to the planetary boundary for chemical pollution being exceeded. Levels of PFAAs in atmospheric deposition are especially poorly reversible because of the high persistence of PFAAs and their ability to continuously cycle in the hydrosphere, including on sea spray aerosols emitted from the oceans. Because of the poor reversibility of environmental exposure to PFAS and their associated effects, it is vitally important that PFAS uses and emissions are rapidly restricted.

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  • 12.
    Dickhut, Rebecca
    et al.
    Virginia Institute for Marine Science, USA.
    Cincinelli, Alessandra
    Università degli Studi di Firenze, Italien.
    Cochran, Michel
    Virginia Institute for Marine Science, USA.
    Kylin, Henrik
    Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för tema, Tema vatten i natur och samhälle. Linköpings universitet, Filosofiska fakulteten.
    Aerosol-Mediated Transport and Deposition of Brominated Diphenyl Ethers to Antarctica2012Ingår i: Environmental Science and Technology, ISSN 0013-936X, E-ISSN 1520-5851, Vol. 46, nr 6, s. 3135-3140Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    Brominated diphenyl ethers (BDE47, 99, 100, and 209) were measured in air, snow and sea ice throughout western Antarctica between 2001 and 2007. BDEs in Antarctic air were predominantly associated with aerosols and were low compared to those in remote regions of the northern hemisphere, except in Marguerite Bay following the fire at Rothera research station in Sept 2001, indicating that this event was a local source of BDE209 to the Antarctic environment. Aerosol BDE47/100 reflects a mixture of commercial pentaBDE products; however, BDE99/100 is suggestive of photodegradation of BDE99 during long-range atmospheric transport (LRAT) in the austral summer. BDEs in snow were lower than predicted based on snow scavenging of aerosols indicating that atmospheric deposition events may be episodic. BDE47, -99, and -100 significantly declined in Antarctic sea ice between 2001 and 2007; however, BDE209 did not decline in Antarctic sea ice over the same time period. Significant losses of BDE99 and -100 from sea ice were recorded over a 19 day period in spring 2001 demonstrating that seasonal ice processes result in the preferential loss of some BDEs. BDE47/100 and BDE99/100 in sea ice samples reflect commercial pentaBDE products, suggesting that photodegradation of BDE99 is minimal during LRAT in the austral winter.

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  • 13.
    Dienus, Olaf
    et al.
    Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för klinisk och experimentell medicin, Avdelningen för mikrobiologi och molekylär medicin. Linköpings universitet, Medicinska fakulteten. Ryhov County Hospital, Sweden.
    Sokolova, Ekaterina
    Chalmers, Sweden.
    Nyström, Fredrik
    Linköpings universitet, Medicinska fakulteten. Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för klinisk och experimentell medicin, Avdelningen för neuro- och inflammationsvetenskap. Ryhov County Hospital, Sweden; Luleå University of Technology, Sweden.
    Matussek, Andreas
    Ryhov County Hospital, Sweden.
    Löfgren, Sture
    Ryhov County Hospital, Sweden.
    Blom, Lena
    Chalmers, Sweden; City Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Pettersson, Thomas J. R.
    Chalmers, Sweden.
    Lindgren, Per-Eric
    Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för klinisk och experimentell medicin, Avdelningen för mikrobiologi och molekylär medicin. Linköpings universitet, Medicinska fakulteten. Ryhov County Hospital, Sweden.
    Norovirus Dynamics in Wastewater Discharges and in the Recipient Drinking Water Source: Long-Term Monitoring and Hydrodynamic Modeling2016Ingår i: Environmental Science and Technology, ISSN 0013-936X, E-ISSN 1520-5851, Vol. 50, nr 20, s. 10851-10858Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    Norovirus (NoV) that enters drinking water sources with wastewater discharges is a common cause of waterborne outbreaks. The impact of wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) on the river Gota alv (Sweden) was studied using monitoring and hydrodynamic modeling. The concentrations of NoV genogroups (GG) I and II in samples collected at WWTPs and drinking water intakes (source water) during one year were quantified using duplex real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction. The mean (standard deviation) NoV GGI and GGII genome concentrations were 6.2 (1.4) and 6.8 (1.8) in incoming wastewater and 5.3 (1.4) and 5.9 (1.4) log(10) genome equivalents (g.e.) L-1 in treated wastewater, respectively. The reduction at the WWTPs varied between 0.4 and 1.1 log(10) units. In source water, the concentration ranged from below the detection limit to 3.8 log(10) g.e. L-1. NoV GGII was detected in both wastewater and source water more frequently during the cold than the warm period of the year. The spread of NoV in the river was simulated using a three-dimensional hydrodynamic model. The modeling results indicated that the NoV GGI and GGII genome concentrations in source water may occasionally be up to 2.8 and 1.9 log(10) units higher, respectively, than the concentrations measured during the monitoring project.

  • 14.
    Domènech-Gil, Guillem
    et al.
    Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för tema, Tema Miljöförändring. Linköpings universitet, Filosofiska fakulteten.
    Nguyen, Thanh Duc
    Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för tema, Tema Miljöförändring. Linköpings universitet, Tekniska fakulteten.
    Wikner, Jacob
    Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för systemteknik, Elektroniska Kretsar och System. Linköpings universitet, Tekniska fakulteten.
    Eriksson, Jens
    Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för fysik, kemi och biologi, Sensor- och aktuatorsystem. Linköpings universitet, Tekniska fakulteten.
    Nilsson Påledal, Sören
    Tekn Verken & Linkoping AB, S-58115 Linkoping, Sweden.
    Puglisi, Donatella
    Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för fysik, kemi och biologi, Sensor- och aktuatorsystem. Linköpings universitet, Tekniska fakulteten.
    Bastviken, David
    Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för tema, Tema Miljöförändring. Linköpings universitet, Filosofiska fakulteten.
    Electronic Nose for Improved Environmental Methane Monitoring2024Ingår i: Environmental Science and Technology, ISSN 0013-936X, E-ISSN 1520-5851, Vol. 58, s. 352-361Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    Reducing emissions of the key greenhouse gas methane (CH4) is increasingly highlighted as being important to mitigate climate change. Effective emission reductions require cost-effective ways to measure CH4 to detect sources and verify that mitigation efforts work. We present here a novel approach to measure methane at atmospheric concentrations by means of a low-cost electronic nose strategy where the readings of a few sensors are combined, leading to errors down to 33 ppb and coefficients of determination, R-2, up to 0.91 for in situ measurements. Data from methane, temperature, humidity, and atmospheric pressure sensors were used in customized machine learning models to account for environmental cross-effects and quantify methane in the ppm-ppb range both in indoor and outdoor conditions. The electronic nose strategy was confirmed to be versatile with improved accuracy when more reference data were supplied to the quantification model. Our results pave the way toward the use of networks of low-cost sensor systems for the monitoring of greenhouse gases.

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  • 15.
    Dubocq, Florian
    et al.
    Örebro universitet, Institutionen för naturvetenskap och teknik.
    Wang, Thanh
    Örebro universitet, Institutionen för naturvetenskap och teknik.
    Yeung, Leo W. Y.
    Örebro universitet, Institutionen för naturvetenskap och teknik.
    Sjöberg, Viktor
    Örebro universitet, Institutionen för naturvetenskap och teknik.
    Kärrman, Anna
    Örebro universitet, Institutionen för naturvetenskap och teknik.
    Characterization of the Chemical Contents of Fluorinated and Fluorine-Free Firefighting Foams Using a Novel Workflow Combining Nontarget Screening and Total Fluorine Analysis2020Ingår i: Environmental Science and Technology, ISSN 0013-936X, E-ISSN 1520-5851, Vol. 54, nr 1, s. 245-254Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    Aqueous film-forming foams (AFFFs) are widely used to extinguish liquid fires due to their film-forming properties. AFFF formulation historically contains per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) that can be very persistent and pose a health risk to biota and humans. Detailed analysis of the chemical composition of AFFFs can provide a better understanding on the potential environmental impact of the ingredients. In this study, a novel workflow combining target analysis, nontarget screening analysis (NTA), total fluorine (TF) analysis, and inorganic fluoride (IF) analysis was applied to disclose the chemical composition of 24 foams intended for liquid fires. Foams marketed as containing PFASs as well as fluorine-free foams were included. By comparing the sum of targeted PFASs and total organofluorine concentrations, a mass balance of known and unknown organofluorine could be calculated. Known organofluorine accounted for <1% in most fluorine-containing AFFFs, and it was confirmed that the foams marketed as fluorine-free did not contain measurable amounts of organofluorine substances. Five fluorinated substances were tentatively identified, and non-fluorinated zwitterionic betaine compounds, which are considered to be replacement substances for PFASs, were tentatively identified in the organofluorine-free foams.

  • 16.
    Fu, Jianjie
    et al.
    State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China .
    Zhang, Aiqian
    State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China .
    Wang, Thanh
    State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China .
    Qu, Guangbo
    State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China .
    Shao, Junjuan
    State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China .
    Yuan, Bo
    State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China .
    Wang, Yawei
    State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China .
    Jiang, Guibin
    State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China .
    Influence of e-waste dismantling and its regulations: temporal trend, spatial distribution of heavy metals in rice grains, and its potential health risk2013Ingår i: Environmental Science and Technology, ISSN 0013-936X, E-ISSN 1520-5851, Vol. 47, nr 13, s. 7437-7445Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    Enhanced regulations, centralized dismantling processes, and sophisticated recycling technologies have been implemented in some e-waste dismantling areas in China with regard to environmental and economic aspects since 2005. In this study, rice grain samples were collected from 2006 to 2010 in an e-waste dismantling area to investigate the temporal trends and spatial distribution of As, Cd, Cu, and Pb. Geometric means of As, Cd, Cu, and Pb in rice samples from the e-waste dismantling area were 111, 217, 4676, and 237 ng g(-1), respectively. Levels of Pb showed a significant decreasing trend during the sampling period, whereas the other three elements remained relatively constant or even increased. Concentrations of Cd, Cu, and Pb in the e-waste dismantling area were significantly higher than those in the non-e-waste dismantling area (p < 0.05), which showed a close connection between e-waste dismantling activities and elevated Pb, Cu, and Cd contents. Risk assessment for human via rice consumption indicated that over 60% of the hazard quotient of Cd exceeded 1 in the e-waste dismantling area. Our study implied that stricter implementation of regulatory measures might lead to positive effects in controlling the release of some heavy metals to the environment. However, environmental behaviors differed with geochemical characteristics of individual elements. Further remediation actions to reduce heavy metal pollution to the surrounding environment might still be needed.

  • 17.
    Galle, B
    et al.
    Swedish Environm Res Inst, IVL, S-40258 Gothenburg, Sweden Linkoping Univ, Dept Water & Environm Studies, S-58183 Linkoping, Sweden.
    Samuelsson, J
    Svensson, Bo
    Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för tema, Tema vatten i natur och samhälle. Linköpings universitet, Filosofiska fakulteten.
    Börjesson, Gunnar
    Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för tema, Tema vatten i natur och samhälle. Linköpings universitet, Filosofiska fakulteten.
    Measurements of methane emissions from landfills using a time correlation tracer method based on FTIR absorption spectroscopy2001Ingår i: Environmental Science and Technology, ISSN 0013-936X, E-ISSN 1520-5851, Vol. 35, nr 1, s. 21-25Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    Methane is an important climate gas contributing significantly to global warming. A large part of the anthropogenic emissions of methane comes from landfills. Due to the biogenic origin of these emissions and the inhomogeneous characteristics of landfills and their soil cover, these emissions show large spatial variation. Thus, development of reliable and cost-effective methods for measurements of these emissions is an important task and a challenge to the scientific community. Traditionally, field chamber methods have been used but also different area integrating methods based on downwind plume measurements. These measurements have been supported by meteorological data either directly from local measurements or by controlled release of tracer gas from the landfill providing the dispersion characteristics of the plume. in this paper we describe a method, the Time Correlation Tracer method, combining controlled tracer gas release from the landfill with time-resolved concentration measurements downwind the landfill using FTIR absorption spectroscopy. The method has been tested and used on measurements at a landfill in southern Sweden over the past 1.5 years. The method has proven to be a usable method for measurements of total methane emission from landfills, and under favorable meteorological conditions we estimate an achievable accuracy of 15-30%. The real time analysis capability of the FTIR makes it possible to judge the success of the measurement already on site and to decide whether more measurements are necessary. The measurement strategy is relatively simple and straightforward, and one person can make a measurement from a medium sized landfill (1-4 ha) within a few days to a week depending on the meteorological situation.

  • 18.
    Gao, Yan
    et al.
    State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
    Fu, Jianjie
    State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
    Cao, Huiming
    State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
    Wang, Yawei
    State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; Institute of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education, Jianghan University, Wuhan, China.
    Zhang, Aiqian
    State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
    Liang, Yong
    Institute of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education, Jianghan University, Wuhan, China; School of Medicine, Ministry of Education, Jianghan University, Wuhan, China; Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Chemical Materials and Devices, Ministry of Education, Jianghan University, Wuhan, China.
    Wang, Thanh
    Örebro universitet, Institutionen för naturvetenskap och teknik.
    Zhao, Chunyan
    School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.
    Jiang, Guibin
    State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
    Differential accumulation and elimination behavior of perfluoroalkyl acid isomers in occupational workers in a manufactory in China2015Ingår i: Environmental Science and Technology, ISSN 0013-936X, E-ISSN 1520-5851, Vol. 49, nr 11, s. 6953-6962Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    In this study, serum and urine samples were collected from 36 occupational workers in a fluorochemical manufacturing plant in China from 2008 to 2012 to evaluate the body burden and possible elimination of linear and branched perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs). Indoor dust, total suspended particles (TSP), diet, and drinking water samples were also collected to trace the occupational exposure pathway to PFAA isomers. The geometric mean concentrations of perfluorooctanesulfonate (PFOS), perfluorooctanoate (PFOA), and perfluorohexanesulfonate (PFHxS) isomers in the serum were 1386, 371, and 863 ng mL(-1), respectively. The linear isomer of PFOS, PFOA, and PFHxS was the most predominant PFAA in the serum, with mean proportions of 63.3, 91.1, and 92.7% respectively, which were higher than the proportions in urine. The most important exposure routes to PFAA isomers in the occupational workers were considered to be the intake of indoor dust and TSP. A renal clearance estimation indicated that branched PFAA isomers had a higher renal clearance rate than did the corresponding linear isomers. Molecular docking modeling implied that linear PFOS (n-PFOS) had a stronger interaction with human serum albumin (HSA) than branched isomers did, which could decrease the proportion of n-PFOS in the blood of humans via the transport of HSA.

  • 19.
    Gonsior, Michael
    et al.
    University of Maryland, MD 20688 USA.
    Schmitt-Kopplin, Philippe
    Helmholtz Zentrum Munchen, Germany; Technical University of Munich, Germany.
    Stavklint, Helena
    Tekniska Verken Linkoping AB, S-58115 Linkoping, Sweden.
    Richardson, Susan D.
    University of S Carolina, SC 29208 USA.
    Hertkorn, Norbert
    Helmholtz Zentrum Munchen, Germany.
    Bastviken, David
    Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för tema, Tema vatten i natur och samhälle. Linköpings universitet, Filosofiska fakulteten.
    Changes in Dissolved Organic Matter during the Treatment Processes of a Drinking Water Plant in Sweden and Formation of Previously Unknown Disinfection Byproducts2014Ingår i: Environmental Science and Technology, ISSN 0013-936X, E-ISSN 1520-5851, Vol. 48, nr 21, s. 12714-12722Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    The changes in dissolved organic matter (DOM) throughout the treatment processes in a drinking water treatment plant in Sweden and the formation of disinfection byproducts (DBPs) were evaluated by using ultra-high-resolution mass spectrometry (resolution of similar to 500000 at m/z 400) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). Mass spectrometric results revealed that flocculation induced substantial changes in the DOM and caused quantitative removal of DOM constituents that usually are associated with DBP formation While half of the chromophoric DOM (CDOM) was removed by flocculation, similar to 4-5 mg L-1 total organic carbon remained in the finished water. A conservative approach revealed the formation of similar to 800 mass spectrometry ions with unambiguous molecular formula assignments that contained at least one halogen atom. These molecules likely represented new DBPs, which could not be prevented by the flocculation process. The most abundant m/z peaks, associated with formed DBPs, could be assigned to C5HO3Cl3, C5HO3Cl2Br, C5HO3ClBr2 using isotope simulation patterns. Other halogen-containing formulas suggested the presence of halogenated polyphenolic and aromatic acid-type structures, which was supported by possible structures that matched the lower molecular mass range (maximum of 10 carbon atoms) of these DBPs. H-1 NMR before and after disinfection revealed an similar to 2% change in the overall H-1 NMR signals supporting a significant change in the DOM caused by disinfection. This study underlines the fact that a large and increasing number of people are exposed to a very diverse pool of organohalogens through water by both drinking and uptake through the skin upon contact. Nontarget analytical approaches are indispensable for revealing the magnitude of this exposure and to test alternative ways to reduce it.

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  • 20.
    Gustavsson, Malin
    et al.
    Linköpings universitet, Filosofiska fakulteten. Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för tema, Tema vatten i natur och samhälle.
    Karlsson, Susanne
    Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för tema, Tema vatten i natur och samhälle. Linköpings universitet, Filosofiska fakulteten.
    Oeberg, Gunilla
    University of British Columbia.
    Sandén, Per
    Linköpings universitet, Filosofiska fakulteten. Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för tema, Tema vatten i natur och samhälle.
    Svensson, Teresia
    Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för tema, Tema vatten i natur och samhälle. Linköpings universitet, Filosofiska fakulteten.
    Valinia, Salar
    Swedish University of Agriculture Science.
    Thiry, Yves
    Andra, Chatenay Malabry, France .
    Bastviken, David
    Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för tema, Tema vatten i natur och samhälle. Linköpings universitet, Filosofiska fakulteten.
    Organic Matter Chlorination Rates in Different Boreal Soils: The Role of Soil Organic Matter Content2012Ingår i: Environmental Science and Technology, ISSN 0013-936X, E-ISSN 1520-5851, Vol. 46, nr 3, s. 1504-1510Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    Transformation of chloride (Cl-) to organic chlorine (Cl-org) occurs naturally in soil but it is poorly understood how and why transformation rates vary among environments. There are still few measurements of chlorination rates in soils, even though formation of Cl-org has been known for two decades. In the present study, we compare organic matter (OM) chlorination rates, measured by Cl-36 tracer experiments, in soils from eleven different locations (coniferous forest soils, pasture soils and agricultural soils) and discuss how various environmental factors effect chlorination. Chlorination rates were highest in the forest soils and strong correlations were seen with environmental variables such as soil OM content and Cl- concentration. Data presented support the hypothesis that OM levels give the framework for the soil chlorine cycling and that chlorination in more organic soils over time leads to a larger Cl-org pool and in turn to a high internal supply of Cl- upon dechlorination. This provides unexpected indications that pore water Cl- levels may be controlled by supply from dechlorination processes and can explain why soil Cl- locally can be more closely related to soil OM content and the amount organically bound chlorine than to Cl- deposition.

  • 21.
    Gålfalk, Magnus
    et al.
    Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för tema, Tema Miljöförändring. Linköpings universitet, Filosofiska fakulteten.
    Paledal, Soren Nilsson
    Tekniska Verken AB, S-58115 Linkoping, Sweden.
    Yngvesson, Johan
    RISE Res Inst Sweden, Sweden.
    Bastviken, David
    Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för tema, Tema Miljöförändring. Linköpings universitet, Filosofiska fakulteten.
    Measurements of Methane Emissions from a Biofertilizer Storage Tank Using Ground-Based Hyperspectral Imaging and Flux Chambers2024Ingår i: Environmental Science and Technology, ISSN 0013-936X, E-ISSN 1520-5851Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    Open storages of organic material represent potentially large sources of the greenhouse gas methane (CH4), an emissions source that will likely become more common as a part of societal efforts toward sustainability. Hence, monitoring and minimizing CH4 emissions from such facilities are key, but effective assessment of emissions without disturbing the flux is challenging. We demonstrate the capacity of using a novel high-resolution hyperspectral camera to perform sensitive CH4 flux assessments at such facilities, using as a test case a biofertilizer storage tank for residual material from a biogas plant. The camera and simultaneous conventional flux chamber measurements showed emissions of 6.0 +/- 1.3 and 13 +/- 5.7 kg of CH4 h-1, respectively. The camera measurements covered the whole tank surface of 1104 m2, and the chamber results were extrapolated from measurements over 5 m2. This corresponds to 0.7-1.4% of the total CH4 production at the biogas plant (1330 N m3 h-1 corresponding to 950 kg h(-1)). The camera could assess the entire tank emission in minutes without disturbing normal operations at the plant and revealed additional unknown emissions from the inlet to the tank (17 g of CH4 h(-1)) and during the loading of the biofertilizer into trucks (3.1 kg of CH4 h(-1) during loading events). This study illustrates the importance of adequate measurement capacity to map methane fluxes and to verify that methane emission mitigation efforts are effective. Given the high methane emissions observed, it is important to reduce methane emissions from open storage of organic material, for example by improved digestion in the biogas reactor, precooling of sludge before storage, or building gastight storage tanks with sealed covers. We conclude that hyperspectral, ground-based remote sensing is a promising approach for greenhouse gas monitoring and mitigation.

  • 22.
    Herbert, Jr. R.B.
    et al.
    Herbert Jr., R.B., Department of Earth Sciences, Uppsala University, Villavägen 16, S-752 36, Uppsala, Sweden.
    Malmstrom, M.
    Malmström, M., Dept. of Chem. Eng. and Technology, Royal Institute of Technology, S-100 44, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Ebenå, Gustav
    Linköpings universitet, Tekniska högskolan. Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för fysik, kemi och biologi.
    Salmon, U.
    Dept. of Civ. and Environ. Eng., Royal Institute of Technology, S-100 44, Stockholm, Sweden, Centre for Water Research, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia.
    Ferrow, E.
    Department of Geology, Lund University, S-223 62, Lund, Sweden.
    Fuchs, M.
    Department of Geology, Lund University, S-223 62, Lund, Sweden.
    Quantification of abiotic reaction rates in mine tailings: Evaluation of treatment methods for eliminating iron- and sulfur-oxidizing bacteria2005Ingår i: Environmental Science and Technology, ISSN 0013-936X, E-ISSN 1520-5851, Vol. 39, nr 3, s. 770-777Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    Effective treatment techniques for eliminating iron-oxidizing (IOB) and sulfur-oxidizing bacteria (SOB) are required for the comparison of abiotic and microbial sulfide oxidation rates and mechanisms in mine tailings. This study evaluates the effect of autoclaving, repeated heating, ethanol treatment, antibiotic treatment, ?-radiation, and washing with deionized water on tailings characteristics and concentrations of IOB and SOB. Most probable number enumeration indicates that IOB and SOB were present at very low concentrations or below detection limits following treatment with all methods except rinsing and antibiotics treatment, where higher concentrations of IOB and SOB were present. The physical, chemical, and mineralogical characterization of the tailings indicated no changes in bulk mineralogy or bulk chemical composition as a result of treatment. However, an increase in oxidized sulfur species at the tailings surface, as determined by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, was observed for the heating, autoclaving, and antibiotics treatments. Batch weathering experiments, used to evaluate the effect of treatment on element release rates, indicated that the final element release rates (after > 30 d) were similar between treated and untreated control samples. On the basis of the results of this study, experiments over relatively long periods (> 30 d) are to be recommended for the establishment of microbial and abiotic weathering rates in mill tailings samples. For the determination of abiotic reaction rates, treatment by ?-radiation is suggested to be the most appropriate method for sulfide-rich tailings.

  • 23.
    Hyotylainen, Tuulia
    et al.
    Orebro Univ, Sweden.
    Ghaffarzadegan, Tannaz
    Orebro Univ, Sweden.
    Karthikeyan, Bagavathy Shanmugam
    Orebro Univ, Sweden; Orebro Univ, Sweden.
    Triplett, Eric
    Univ Florida, FL 32611 USA.
    Oresic, Matej
    Abo Akad Univ, Finland.
    Ludvigsson, Johnny
    Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för biomedicinska och kliniska vetenskaper, Avdelningen för barns och kvinnors hälsa. Linköpings universitet, Medicinska fakulteten. Region Östergötland, Barn- och kvinnocentrum, H.K.H. Kronprinsessan Victorias barn- och ungdomssjukhus.
    Impact of Environmental Exposures on Human Breast Milk Lipidome in Future Immune-Mediated Diseases2024Ingår i: Environmental Science and Technology, ISSN 0013-936X, E-ISSN 1520-5851, Vol. 58, nr 5, s. 2214-2223Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    The composition of human breast milk (HBM) exhibits significant variability both between individuals and within the same individual. While environmental factors are believed to play a role in this variation, their influence on breast milk composition remains inadequately understood. Herein, we investigate the impact of environmental factors on HBM lipid composition in a general population cohort. The study included mothers (All Babies In Southeast Sweden study) whose children later progressed to one or more immune-mediated diseases later in life: type 1 diabetes (n = 9), celiac disease (n = 24), juvenile idiopathic arthritis (n = 9), inflammatory bowel disease (n = 7), hypothyroidism (n = 6), and matched controls (n = 173). Lipidome of HBM was characterized by liquid chromatography combined with high-resolution mass spectrometry. We observed that maternal age, body mass index, diet, and exposure to perfluorinated alkyl substances (PFASs) had a marked impact on breast milk lipidome, with larger changes observed in the milk of those mothers whose children later developed autoimmune diseases. We also observed differences in breast milk lipid composition in those mothers whose offspring later developed autoimmune diseases. Our study suggests that breast milk lipid composition is modified by a complex interaction between genetic and environmental factors, and, importantly, this impact was significantly more pronounced in those mothers whose offspring later developed autoimmune/inflammatory diseases. Our findings also suggest that merely assessing PFAS concentration may not capture the full extent of the impact of chemical exposures; thus, the more comprehensive exposome approach is essential for accurately assessing the impact of PFAS exposure on HBM and, consequently, on the health outcomes of the offspring.

  • 24.
    Jantunen, Liisa
    et al.
    Environment Canada, Canada.
    Wong, Fiona
    Stockholm University.
    Gawor, Anya
    Environment Canada.
    Kylin, Henrik
    Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för tema, Tema Miljöförändring. Linköpings universitet, Filosofiska fakulteten.
    Helm, Paul
    Ontario Ministry of the Environment, Canada.
    Stern, Gary
    University of Manitoba, Canada.
    Strachan, William
    Environment Canada, Canada.
    Burniston, Deborah
    Environment Canada, Canada.
    Bidleman, Terry
    Umeå University.
    20 Years of Air-Water Gas Exchange Observations for Pesticides in the Western Arctic Ocean2015Ingår i: Environmental Science and Technology, ISSN 0013-936X, E-ISSN 1520-5851, Vol. 49, nr 23, s. 13844-13852Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    The Arctic has been contaminated by legacy organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) and currently used pesticides (CUPs) through atmospheric transport and oceanic currents. Here we report the time trends and air−water exchange of OCPs and CUPs from research expeditions conducted between 1993 and 2013. Compounds determined in both air and water were trans- and cis-chlordanes (TC, CC), trans- and cis-nonachlors (TN, CN), heptachlor exo-epoxide (HEPX), dieldrin (DIEL), chlorobornanes (ΣCHBs and toxaphene), dacthal (DAC), endosulfans and metabolite endosulfan sulfate (ENDO-I, ENDO-II, and ENDO SUL), chlorothalonil (CHT), chlorpyrifos (CPF), and trifluralin (TFN). Pentachloronitrobenzene (PCNB and quintozene) and its soil metabolite pentachlorothianisole (PCTA) were also found in air. Concentrations of most OCPs declined in surface water, whereas some CUPs increased (ENDO-I, CHT, and TFN) or showed no significant change (CPF and DAC), and most compounds declined in air. Chlordane compound fractions TC/(TC + CC) and TC/(TC + CC + TN) decreased in water and air, while CC/(TC + CC + TN) increased. TN/(TC + CC + TN) also increased in air and slightly, but not significantly, in water. These changes suggest selective removal of more labile TC and/or a shift in chlordane sources. Water−air fugacity ratios indicated net volatilization (FR > 1.0) or near equilibrium (FR not significantly different from 1.0) for most OCPs but net deposition (FR < 1.0) for ΣCHBs. Net deposition was shown for ENDO-I on all expeditions, while the net exchange direction of other CUPs varied. Understanding the processes and current state of air−surface exchange helps to interpret environmental exposure and evaluate the effectiveness of international protocols and provides insights for the environmental fate of new and emerging chemicals.

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  • 25.
    Koch, Alina
    et al.
    Örebro universitet, Institutionen för naturvetenskap och teknik.
    Jonsson, Micael
    Department of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.
    Yeung, Leo W. Y.
    Örebro universitet, Institutionen för naturvetenskap och teknik.
    Kärrman, Anna
    Örebro universitet, Institutionen för naturvetenskap och teknik.
    Ahrens, Lutz
    Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Uppsala, Sweden.
    Ekblad, Alf
    Örebro universitet, Institutionen för naturvetenskap och teknik.
    Wang, Thanh
    Örebro universitet, Institutionen för naturvetenskap och teknik.
    Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl-Contaminated Freshwater Impacts Adjacent Riparian Food Webs2020Ingår i: Environmental Science and Technology, ISSN 0013-936X, E-ISSN 1520-5851, Vol. 54, nr 19, s. 11951-11960Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    The occurrence of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in aquatic ecosystems is a global concern because of their persistence, potential bioaccumulation, and toxicity. In this study, we investigated a PFAS-contaminated pond in Sweden to assess the cross-boundary transfer of PFASs from the aquatic environment to the riparian zone via emergent aquatic insects. Aquatic and terrestrial invertebrates, surface water, sediments, soils, and plants were analyzed for 24 PFASs including branched isomers. Stable isotope analysis of carbon and nitrogen was performed to elucidate the importance of diet and trophic position for PFAS uptake. We present the first evidence that PFASs can propagate to the riparian food web via aquatic emergent insects. Elevated Σ24PFAS concentrations were found in aquatic insect larvae, such as dragon- and damselflies, ranging from 1100 to 4600 ng g-1 dry weight (dw), and remained high in emerged adults (120-3500 ng g-1 dw), indicating exposure risks for top predators that prey in riparian zones. In terrestrial invertebrate consumers, PFAS concentrations increased with the degree of aquatic-based diet and at higher trophic levels. Furthermore, stable isotope data together with calculated bioaccumulation factors indicated that bioconcentration of PFASs was the major pathway of exposure in the aquatic food web and bioaccumulation in the riparian food web.

  • 26.
    Koch, Alina
    et al.
    Örebro universitet, Institutionen för naturvetenskap och teknik.
    Jonsson, Micael
    Department of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.
    Yeung, Leo W. Y.
    Örebro universitet, Institutionen för naturvetenskap och teknik.
    Kärrman, Anna
    Örebro universitet, Institutionen för naturvetenskap och teknik.
    Ahrens, Lutz
    Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), 75007 Uppsala, Sweden.
    Ekblad, Alf
    Örebro universitet, Institutionen för naturvetenskap och teknik.
    Wang, Thanh
    Örebro universitet, Institutionen för naturvetenskap och teknik.
    Quantification of Biodriven Transfer of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances from the Aquatic to the Terrestrial Environment via Emergent Insects2021Ingår i: Environmental Science and Technology, ISSN 0013-936X, E-ISSN 1520-5851, Vol. 55, nr 12, s. 7900-7909Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    Emergent aquatic insects are important food subsidies to riparian food webs but can also transfer waterborne contaminants to the terrestrial environment. This study aimed to quantitatively assess this biodriven transfer for per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS). Aquatic insect larvae, emergent aquatic insects, terrestrial consumers, sediment, and water were collected from a contaminated lake and stream and an uncontaminated pond, and analyzed for PFAS and stable isotopes of carbon and nitrogen. Top predators in this study were spiders, which showed the highest average ∑24PFAS concentration of 1400 ± 80 ng g-1 dry weight (dw) at the lake and 630 ng g-1 dw at the stream. The transfer of PFAS from the lake to the riparian zone, via deposition of emergent aquatic insects, was 280 ng ∑24PFAS m-2 d-1 in 2017 and only 23 ng ∑24PFAS m-2 d-1 in 2018. Because of higher production of emergent aquatic insects, the lake had higher PFAS transfer and higher concentrations in terrestrial consumers compared to the stream, despite the stream having higher PFAS concentration in water and aquatic insect larvae. Our results indicate that biodriven transfer of PFAS from the aquatic systems and subsequent uptake in terrestrial food webs depend more on emergence amounts, i.e., aquatic prey availability, rather than on PFAS concentrations in water and aquatic prey. 

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  • 27.
    Kylin, Henrik
    et al.
    Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för tema, Tema vatten i natur och samhälle. Linköpings universitet, Filosofiska fakulteten.
    Bouwman, Henk
    North West University, South Africa .
    Hydration State of the Moss Hylocomium splendens and the Lichen Cladina stellaris Governs Uptake and Revolatilization of Airborne alpha- and gamma-Hexachlorocyclohexane2012Ingår i: Environmental Science and Technology, ISSN 0013-936X, E-ISSN 1520-5851, Vol. 46, nr 20, s. 10982-10989Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    The partitioning of alpha- and gamma-hexachlorocyclohexane between air and the moss Hylocomium splendens and the lichen Cladina stellaris were studied under laboratory conditions. After cultivation of the sample material to obtain a common starting point free from outside influence, the material was divided into four different treatment categories with different hydration/desiccation regimes. The concentrations of the analytes were 3-5 times higher in the hydrated moss or lichen than in the desiccated material. The results are in contrast to how these compounds are taken up by pine needles in which there is a continuous accumulation, more rapid during periods with high temperatures and dry weather. In general, the different adaptations to water economy is a more important explanatory factor for the concentration of airborne hydrophobic pollutants in mosses, lichens, and vascular plants than their designation as "plants" in a broad sense. It is, therefore, not advisible to mix data from different organism groups for monitoring or modeling purposes.

  • 28.
    Laner, David
    et al.
    TU Wien, Austria.
    Cencic, Oliver
    TU Wien, Austria.
    Svensson, Niclas
    Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för ekonomisk och industriell utveckling, Industriell miljöteknik. Linköpings universitet, Tekniska fakulteten.
    Krook, Joakim
    Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för ekonomisk och industriell utveckling, Industriell miljöteknik. Linköpings universitet, Tekniska fakulteten.
    Quantitative Analysis of Critical Factors for the Climate Impact of Landfill Mining2016Ingår i: Environmental Science and Technology, ISSN 0013-936X, E-ISSN 1520-5851, Vol. 50, nr 13, s. 6882-6891Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    Landfill mining has been proposed as an innovative strategy to mitigate environmental risks associated with landfills, to recover secondary raw materials and energy from the deposited waste, and to enable high-valued land uses at the site. The present study quantitatively assesses the importance of specific factors and conditions for the net contribution of landfill mining to global warming using a novel, set-based modeling approach and provides policy recommendations for facilitating the development of projects contributing to global warming mitigation. Building on life-cycle assessment, scenario modeling and sensitivity analysis methods are used to identify critical factors for the climate impact of landfill mining. The net contributions to global warming of the scenarios range from -1550 (saving) to 640 (burden) kg CO(2)e per Mg of excavated waste. Nearly 90% of the results total variation can be explained by changes in four factors, namely the landfill gas management in the reference case (i.e., alternative to mining the landfill), the background energy system, the composition of the excavated waste, and the applied waste-to-energy technology. Based on the analyses, circumstances under which landfill mining should be prioritized or not are identified and sensitive parameters for the climate impact assessment of landfill mining are highlighted.

  • 29.
    Laturnus, Frank
    et al.
    Linköpings universitet, Filosofiska fakulteten. Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för tema, Tema Kommunikation, Konstvetenskap och visuell kommunikation.
    Svensson, Teresia
    Linköpings universitet, Filosofiska fakulteten. Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för tema.
    Wiencke, Christian
    Alfred Wegener Institute, Germany.
    Öberg, Gunilla
    Linköpings universitet, Filosofiska fakulteten. Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för tematisk utbildning och forskning, Miljövetenskap.
    Ultraviolet radiation affects emission of ozone-depleting substances by marine macroalgae: Results from a laboratory incubation study2004Ingår i: Environmental Science and Technology, ISSN 0013-936X, E-ISSN 1520-5851, Vol. 38, nr 24, s. 6605-6609Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    The depletion of stratospheric ozone due to the effects of ozone-depleting substances, such as volatile organohalogens, emitted into the atmosphere from industrial and natural sources has increased the amount of ultraviolet radiation reaching the earth's surface. Especially in the subpolar and polar regions, where stratospheric ozone destruction is the highest, individual organisms and whole ecosystems can be affected. In a laboratory study, several species of marine macroalgae occurring in the polar and northern temperate regions were exposed to elevated levels of ultraviolet radiation. Most of the macroalgae released significantly more chloroform, bromoform, dibromomethane, and methyl iodide-all volatile organohalogens. Calculating on the basis of the release of total chlorine, bromine, and iodine revealed that, except for two macroalgae emitting chlorine and one alga emitting iodine, exposure to ultraviolet radiation caused macroalgae to emit significantly more total chlorine, bromine, and iodine. Increasing levels of ultraviolet radiation due to possible further destruction of the stratospheric ozone layer as a result of ongoing global atmospheric warming may thus increase the future importance of marine macroalgae as a source for the global occurrence of reactive halogencontaining compounds.

  • 30.
    Lavonen, Elin E.
    et al.
    Swedish University of Agriculture Science SLU, Sweden .
    Gonsior, Michael
    Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för tema. Linköpings universitet, Filosofiska fakulteten.
    Tranvik, Lars J.
    Uppsala University, Sweden .
    Schmitt-Kopplin, Philippe
    Helmholtz Zentrum Munchen, Germany .
    Kohler, Stephan J.
    Swedish University of Agriculture Science SLU, Sweden .
    Selective Chlorination of Natural Organic Matter: Identification of Previously Unknown Disinfection Byproducts2013Ingår i: Environmental Science and Technology, ISSN 0013-936X, E-ISSN 1520-5851, Vol. 47, nr 5, s. 2264-2271Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    Natural organic matter (NOM) serve as precursors for disinfection byproducts (DBPs) in drinking water production making NOM removal essential in predisinfection treatment processes. We identified molecular formulas of chlorinated DBPs after chlorination and chloramination in four Swedish surface water treatment plants (WTPs) using ultrahigh resolution Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR-MS). Chlorine-containing formulas were detected before and after disinfection and were therefore classified to identify DBPs. In total, 499 DBPs were detected, of which 230 have not been reported earlier. The byproducts had, as a group, significantly lower ratio of hydrogen to carbon (H/C) and significantly higher average carbon oxidation state (Cos), double bond equivalents per carbon (DBE/C) and ratio of oxygen to carbon (O/C) compared to Cl-containing components present before disinfection and CHO formulas in samples taken both before and after disinfection. Electrophilic substitution, the proposed most significant reaction pathway for chlorination of NOM, results in carbon oxidation and decreased H/C while O/C and DBE/C is left unchanged. Because the identified DBPs had significantly higher DBE/C and O/C than the CHO formulas we concluded that chlorination of NOM during disinfection is selective toward components with relatively high double bond equivalency and number of oxygen atoms per carbon. Furthermore, choice of disinfectant, dose, and predisinfection treatment at the different WTPs resulted in distinct patterns in the occurrence of DBP formulas.

  • 31.
    Lehtveer, Mariliis
    et al.
    Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för tema, Tema Miljöförändring. Linköpings universitet, Filosofiska fakulteten. Linköpings universitet, Centrum för klimatpolitisk forskning, CSPR. Chalmers Univ Technol, Sweden.
    Brynole, Selma
    Chalmers Univ Technol, Sweden.
    Grahn, Maria
    Chalmers Univ Technol, Sweden.
    What Future for Electrofuels in Transport? Analysis of Cost Competitiveness in Global Climate Mitigation2019Ingår i: Environmental Science and Technology, ISSN 0013-936X, E-ISSN 1520-5851, Vol. 53, nr 3, s. 1690-1697Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    The transport sector is often seen as the most difficult sector to decarbonize. In recent years, so-called electrofuels have been proposed as one option for reducing emissions. Electrofuels-here defined as fuels made from electricity, water, and carbon dioxide-can potentially help manage variations in electricity production, reduce the need for biofuels in the transportation sector while utilizing current infrastructure, and be of use in sectors where fuel switching is difficult, such as shipping. We investigate the cost-effectiveness of electrofuels from an energy system perspective under a climate mitigation constraint (either 450 or 550 ppm of CO2 in 2100), and we find the following: (i) Electrofuels are unlikely to become cost-effective unless options for storing carbon are very limited; in the most favorable case modeled-an energy system without carbon storage and with the more stringent constraint on carbon dioxide emissions-they provide approximately 30 EJ globally in 2070 or approximately 15% of the energy demand from transport. (ii) The cost of the electrolyzer and increased availability of variable renewables appear not to be key factors in whether electrofuels enter the transport system, in contrast to findings in previous studies.

  • 32.
    Li, Hao
    et al.
    Institute of Environmental Engineering, Zürich, Switzerland; Laboratory for Advanced Analytical Technologies, Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Dübendorf, Switzerland.
    Zhu, Huijun
    Linköpings universitet.
    Shi, Yanbiao
    School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
    Shang, Huan
    Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, Institute of Applied & Environmental Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China.
    Zhang, Lizhi
    School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China; Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, Institute of Applied & Environmental Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China;.
    Wang, Jing
    Institute of Environmental Engineering, Zürich, Switzerland; Laboratory for Advanced Analytical Technologies, Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Dübendorf, Switzerland.
    Vacancy-Rich and Porous NiFe-Layered Double Hydroxide Ultrathin Nanosheets for Efficient Photocatalytic NO Oxidation and Storage2022Ingår i: Environmental Science and Technology, ISSN 0013-936X, E-ISSN 1520-5851, Vol. 56, nr 3, s. 1771-1779Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    An appealing strategy in the direction of circular chemistry and sustainable nitrogen exploitation is to efficiently convert NOx pollutants into low-toxic products and simultaneously provide crop plants with metabolic nitrogen. This study demonstrates that such a scenario can be realized by a defect- and morphology-coengineered Ni-Fe-layered double hydroxide (NiFe-LDH) comprising ultrathin nanosheets. Rich oxygen vacancies are introduced onto the NiFe-LDH surface, which facilitate charge carrier transfer and enable photocatalytic O2 activation into superoxide radicals (O2-) under visible light. O2- on NiFe-LDH thermodynamically oxidizes NO into nitrate with selectivity over 92%, thus suppressing dangerous NO2 emissions. By merit of abundant mesopores on NiFe-LDH ultrathin nanosheets bearing a high surface area (103.08 m2/g), nitrate can be readily stored without compromising the NO oxidation reactivity or selectivity for long-term usage. The nitrate species can be easily washed off the NiFe-LDH surface and then enriched in the liquid form as easy-to-use chemicals.

  • 33.
    Li, Yingming
    et al.
    State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
    Wang, Thanh
    State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
    Wang, Pu
    State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
    Ding, Lei
    State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
    Li, Xiaomin
    State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
    Wang, Yawei
    State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
    Zhang, Qinghua
    State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
    Li, An
    School of Public Health, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago IL, United States .
    Jiang, Guibin
    State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
    Reduction of atmospheric polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) during the 2008 Beijing Olympic games2011Ingår i: Environmental Science and Technology, ISSN 0013-936X, E-ISSN 1520-5851, Vol. 45, nr 8, s. 3304-3309Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    A total of 120 air samples were collected at three urban and one rural location in Beijing, China in the summers of 2007-2010, and before, during, and after the Beijing 2008 Olympic Games (BOG), in order to assess the effectiveness of long-term and short-term emission-control measures in reducing polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) in the atmosphere. During the BOG (August, 2008), the PCDD/Fs concentrations decreased to an average value of 1150 fg m−3 (63 fg I-TEQ m−3), which was reduced by approximately 70% from the average in 2007 and by 29% from that in July 2008, before the Olympic event began. Although 2009-2010 levels of PCDD/Fs were significantly higher than 2008, the overall temporal trend was decreasing for summer months during the sampling campaign period. The apparent half-lives of atmospheric PCDD/Fs were estimated to be 3.2-5.8 years by statistically regressing the logarithm PCDD/Fs concentrations versus the number of years passed since 2006. The air concentrations of total suspended particulates (TSP) during the BOG ranged between 135 and 183 μg m−3, showing a 52% reduction from 2007 and 26% decrease from those prior to the Olympic event. No significant relationships were found between meteorological parameters (temperature, humidity, and wind speed) and PCDD/Fs or TSP during the BOG, whereas the PCDD/Fs concentrations were significantly dependent on the air quality (p < 0.05, positive against TSP and negative against visibility). This work is one of few temporal trend studies of atmospheric PCDD/Fs in mainland China, and provides unique insight into the effects of large-scale control measures in improving air quality and reducing one of the most ubiquitous and toxic organic pollutants in the environment.

  • 34.
    Li, Yingming
    et al.
    State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, People’s Republic of China.
    Zhang, Qinghua
    State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, People’s Republic of China.
    Ji, Dongsheng
    Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, People’s Republic of China.
    Wang, Thanh
    State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, People’s Republic of China.
    Wang, Yawei
    State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, People’s Republic of China.
    Wang, Pu
    State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, People’s Republic of China.
    Ding, Lei
    State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, People’s Republic of China.
    Jiang, Guibin
    State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, People’s Republic of China.
    Levels and vertical distributions of PCBs, PBDEs, and OCPs in the atmospheric boundary layer: observation from the Beijing 325-m meteorological tower2009Ingår i: Environmental Science and Technology, ISSN 0013-936X, E-ISSN 1520-5851, Vol. 43, nr 4, s. 1030-1035Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    Polyurethane foam disk passive air sampling was carried out to investigate the levels, vertical distributions, and potential sources of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) in the atmospheric boundary layer of an urban site in Asia. Sampling was performed at nine heights (15, 47, 80, 120, 160, 200, 240, 280, 320 m) of the 325-m meteorological tower in Beijing, China over three 2-month periods between December 2006 and August 2007. This is the first study to report vertical variations of PBDEs in the ABL and one of only a few studies to investigate vertical distributions of persistent organic pollutants. The levels of sigma19PCBs and sigma8PBDEs were relatively low, ranging from 22 to 65 and from 2.3 to 18 pg m-3, respectively. Air concentrations of gamma-HCH were high, with values in the range of 39-103 pg m-3 in winter, 100-180 pg m-3 in spring, and 115-242 pg m-3 in summer, respectively. alpha-HCH concentrations ranged from 20 to 86 pg m-3, p,p'-DDT between 7.3 and 78 pg m-3, and HCB between 15 and 160 pg m-3. The seasonal variations of PCBs, PBDEs, and OCPs may reflect different sources for these chemicals, such as those related with regional use (gamma-HCH), volatilization/re-emission (PBDEs, PCBs, alpha-HCH), and pesticide impurities (HCB). Although the performance reference compounds (PRCs) were spiked before deployment, the sampling rates showed strong dependency on wind speeds, resulting in large variations in uptake rates in the ABL, ranging from approximately 7.0 m3 day-1 at ground level to 11 m3 day-1 at 320 m. Levels of PCBs, PBDEs, and OCPs decreased with increasing ABL height indicating the potential of Beijing as the local sources.

  • 35.
    Li, Yongting
    et al.
    State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
    Wang, Xin
    State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
    Zhu, Qingqing
    State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
    Xu, Yaqian
    State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; School of Environment, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, UCAS, Hangzhou Zhejiang, 310024, China.
    Fu, Qiuguo
    Department of Analytical Chemistry, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research (UFZ), Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany.
    Wang, Thanh
    Örebro universitet, Institutionen för naturvetenskap och teknik.
    Liao, Chunyang
    State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; School of Environment, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, UCAS, Hangzhou Zhejiang, 310024, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Environmental and Health Effects of Persistent Toxic Substances, Institute of Environment and Health, Jianghan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430056, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
    Jiang, Guibin
    State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; School of Environment, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, UCAS, Hangzhou Zhejiang, 310024, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Environmental and Health Effects of Persistent Toxic Substances, Institute of Environment and Health, Jianghan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430056, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
    Organophosphate Flame Retardants in Pregnant Women: Sources, Occurrence, and Potential Risks to Pregnancy Outcomes2023Ingår i: Environmental Science and Technology, ISSN 0013-936X, E-ISSN 1520-5851, Vol. 57, nr 18, s. 7109-7128Artikel, forskningsöversikt (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    Organophosphate flame retardants (OPFRs) are found in various environmental matrixes and human samples. Exposure to OPFRs during gestation may interfere with pregnancy, for example, inducing maternal oxidative stress and maternal hypertension during pregnancy, interfering maternal and fetal thyroid hormone secretion and fetal neurodevelopment, and causing fetal metabolic abnormalities. However, the consequences of OPFR exposure on pregnant women, impact on mother-to-child transmission of OPFRs, and harmful effects on fetal and pregnancy outcomes have not been evaluated. This review describes the exposure to OPFRs in pregnant women worldwide, based on metabolites of OPFRs (mOPs) in urine for prenatal exposure and OPFRs in breast milk for postnatal exposure. Predictors of maternal exposure to OPFRs and variability of mOPs in urine have been discussed. Mother-to-child transmission pathways of OPFRs have been scrutinized, considering the levels of OPFRs and their metabolites in amniotic fluid, placenta, deciduae, chorionic villi, and cord blood. The results showed that bis(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl) phosphate (BDCIPP) and diphenyl phosphate (DPHP) were the two predominant mOPs in urine, with detection frequencies of >90%. The estimated daily intake (EDIM) indicates low risk when infants are exposed to OPFRs from breast milk. Furthermore, higher exposure levels of OPFRs in pregnant women may increase the risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes and influence the developmental behavior of infants. This review summarizes the knowledge gaps of OPFRs in pregnant women and highlights the crucial steps for assessing health risks in susceptible populations, such as pregnant women and fetuses.

  • 36.
    Liao, Chunyang
    et al.
    State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research for Sustainable Development, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, Shandong 264003, China .
    Wang, Thanh
    State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China .
    Cui, Lin
    State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China .
    Zhou, Qunfang
    State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China .
    Duan, Shumin
    Institute of Neuroscience, Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China .
    Jiang, Guibin
    State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China .
    Changes in synaptic transmission, calcium current, and neurite growth by perfluorinated compounds are dependent on the chain length and functional group2009Ingår i: Environmental Science and Technology, ISSN 0013-936X, E-ISSN 1520-5851, Vol. 43, nr 6, s. 2099-2104Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    Scientific and public concerns on perfluorinated compounds (PFCs) are increasingly growing because of their environmental persistency, bioaccumulation, and extensive distribution throughout the world. Little is known about the effects of PFCs on neural function and the underlying mechanisms. Recent evidence suggests that the toxicological effects of PFCs are closely correlated with their carbon chain lengths. In this present work, the actions of PFCs with varying chain length on cultured rat hippocampal neurons and possible action patterns were examined. Increases in the frequencies of spontaneous miniature postsynaptic current (mPSC) were commonly found in cultured neurons when perfused with PFCs. The increase of mPSC frequency was in proportion to the carbon chain length, and the potency of perfluorinated carboxylates was less pronounced than that of perfluorinated sulfonates. A comparable but less perceptible trend was also found for the amplitudes of voltage-dependent calcium current (ICa). No regular change in pattern was observed for the effects of PFCs on activation and inactivation kinetics of ICa. Furthermore, prolonged treatment of PFCs inhibited the neurite growth of neuronsto various degrees. Comparisons between nonfluorinated and perfluorinated analogues demonstrated thatthefluorination in alkyl chain exerts stronger actions on neurons as compared to the surfactant activity. This study shows that PFCs exhibit adverse effects on cultured neurons to various extents, which is dependent on the carbon chain length and functional group attached to the fully fluorinated alkyl chain.

  • 37.
    López Lora, Mercedes
    et al.
    Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för hälsa, medicin och vård, Avdelningen för diagnostik och specialistmedicin. Linköpings universitet, Medicinska fakulteten.
    Olszewski, Grzegorz
    Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för hälsa, medicin och vård, Avdelningen för diagnostik och specialistmedicin. Linköpings universitet, Medicinska fakulteten. Univ Gdansk, Poland.
    Chamizo, Elena
    Univ Seville, Spain.
    Törnquist, Per
    Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för hälsa, medicin och vård, Avdelningen för diagnostik och specialistmedicin. Linköpings universitet, Medicinska fakulteten.
    Pettersson, Håkan
    Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för hälsa, medicin och vård, Avdelningen för diagnostik och specialistmedicin. Linköpings universitet, Medicinska fakulteten. Region Östergötland, Diagnostikcentrum, Medicinsk strålningsfysik.
    Eriksson, Mats
    Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för hälsa, medicin och vård, Avdelningen för diagnostik och specialistmedicin. Linköpings universitet, Medicinska fakulteten.
    Plutonium Signatures in a Dated Sediment Core as a Tool to Reveal Nuclear Sources in the Baltic Sea2023Ingår i: Environmental Science and Technology, ISSN 0013-936X, E-ISSN 1520-5851, Vol. 57, nr 5, s. 1959-1969Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    Plutonium distribution was studied in an undisturbed sediment core sampled from the Tvaren bay in the vicinity of the Studsvik nuclear facility in Sweden. The complete analysis, including minor isotopes, of the Pu isotope composition (238Pu, 239Pu, oPu, 241Pu, 242Pu, and 244Pu) allowed us to establish the Pu origin in this area of the Baltic Sea and to reconstruct the Studsvik aquatic release history. The results show highly enriched 239Pu, probably originating from the Swedish nuclear program in the 1960s and 1970s and the handling of high burn-up nuclear fuel in the later years. In addition, the 244Pu/239Pu atomic ratio for the global fallout period between 1958 and 1965 is suggested to be (7.94 +/- 0.31)center dot 10-5. In the bottom layer of the sediment, dated 1953-1957, we detected a higher average 244Pu/239Pu ratio of (1.51 +/- 0.11)center dot 10-4, indicating the possible impact of the first US thermonuclear tests (1952-1958).

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  • 38.
    Miranda, Daniele de A.
    et al.
    Stockholms universitet, Institutionen för miljövetenskap.
    Leonel, Juliana
    Coordenação de Oceanografia, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil.
    Benskin, Jonathan P.
    Stockholms universitet, Institutionen för miljövetenskap.
    Johansson, Jana
    Stockholms universitet, Institutionen för miljövetenskap.
    Hatje, Vanessa
    Centro Interdisciplinar de Energia & Ambiente (CIEnAm) and Inst. de Química, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, BA, Brazil.
    Perfluoroalkyl Substances in the Western Tropical Atlantic Ocean2021Ingår i: Environmental Science and Technology, ISSN 0013-936X, E-ISSN 1520-5851, Vol. 55, nr 20, s. 13749-13758Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    The dispersion of perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in surface and deep-water profiles (down to 5845 m deep) was evaluated through the Western Tropical Atlantic Ocean (TAO) between 15°N and 23°S. The sum concentrations for eight quantifiable PFAS (∑8PFAS) in surface waters ranged from 11 to 69 pg/L, which is lower than previously reported in the same area as well as in higher latitudes. Perfluoroalkyl carboxylic acids (PFCAs) were the predominant PFASs present in the Western TAO. The 16 surface samples showed variable PFAS distributions, with the predominance of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) along the transect (67%; 11 ± 8 pg/L) and detection of perfluoroalkyl sulfonic acids (PFSAs) only in the Southern TAO. Perfluoroheptanoic acid (PFHpA) was often detected in the vertical profiles. PFAS distribution patterns (i.e., profiles and concentrations) varied with depth throughout the TAO latitudinal sectors (North, Equator, South Atlantic, and in the Brazilian coastal zone). Vertical profiles in coastal samples displayed decreasing PFAS concentrations with increasing depth, whereas offshore samples displayed higher PFAS detection frequencies in the intermediate water masses. Together with the surface currents and coastal upwelling, the origin of the water masses was an important factor in explaining PFAS concentrations and profiles in the TAO.

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  • 39.
    Montelius, Malin
    et al.
    Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för tema, Tema Miljöförändring. Linköpings universitet, Filosofiska fakulteten.
    Thiry, Yves
    Andra, France.
    Marang, Laura
    EDF, France.
    Ranger, Jacques
    INRA Centre Nancy, France.
    Cornelis, Jean-Thomas
    Catholic University of Louvain, Belgium.
    Svensson, Teresia
    Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för tema, Tema Miljöförändring. Linköpings universitet, Filosofiska fakulteten.
    Bastviken, David
    Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för tema, Tema Miljöförändring. Linköpings universitet, Filosofiska fakulteten.
    Experimental Evidence of Large Changes in Terrestrial Chlorine Cycling Following Altered Tree Species Composition2015Ingår i: Environmental Science and Technology, ISSN 0013-936X, E-ISSN 1520-5851, Vol. 49, nr 8, s. 4921-4928Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    Organochlorine molecules (Cl-org) are surprisingly abundant in soils and frequently exceed chloride (Cl-) levels. Despite the widespread abundance of Cl-org and the common ability of microorganisms to produce Cl-org, we lack fundamental knowledge about how overall chlorine cycling is regulated in forested ecosystems. Here we present data from a long-term reforestation experiment where native forest was cleared and replaced with five different tree species. Our results show that the abundance and residence times of Cl- and Cl-org after 30 years were highly dependent on which tree species were planted on the nearby plots. Average Cl- and Cl-org content in soil humus were higher, at experimental plots with coniferous trees than in those with deciduous trees. Plots with Norway spruce had the highest net accumulation of Cl- and Cl-org over the experiment period, and showed a 10 and 4 times higher Cl- and Cl-org storage (kg ha(-1)) in the biomass, respectively, and 7 and 9 times higher storage of Cl- and Cl-org in the soil humus layer, compared to plots with oak. The results can explain why local soil chlorine levels are frequently independent of atmospheric deposition, and provide opportunities for improved modeling of chlorine distribution and cycling in terrestrial ecosystems.

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  • 40.
    Pajala, Gustav
    et al.
    Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för tema, Tema Miljöförändring. Linköpings universitet, Filosofiska fakulteten.
    Rudberg, David
    Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för tema, Tema Miljöförändring. Linköpings universitet, Filosofiska fakulteten.
    Gålfalk, Magnus
    Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för tema, Tema Miljöförändring. Linköpings universitet, Filosofiska fakulteten.
    Melack, John Michael
    Univ Calif Santa Barbara, CA 93117 USA; Univ Calif Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA.
    Macintyre, Sally
    Univ Calif Santa Barbara, CA 93117 USA; Univ Calif Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA; Univ Calif Santa Barbara, CA 93117 USA.
    Karlsson, Jan
    Umea Univ, Sweden.
    Sawakuchi, Henrique
    Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för tema, Tema Miljöförändring. Linköpings universitet, Filosofiska fakulteten.
    Schenk, Jonathan
    Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för tema, Tema Miljöförändring. Linköpings universitet, Filosofiska fakulteten.
    Sieczko, Anna
    Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för tema, Tema Miljöförändring. Linköpings universitet, Filosofiska fakulteten.
    Sundgren, Ingrid
    Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för tema, Tema Miljöförändring. Linköpings universitet, Filosofiska fakulteten.
    Nguyen, Thanh Duc
    Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för tema, Tema Miljöförändring. Linköpings universitet, Filosofiska fakulteten.
    Bastviken, David
    Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för tema, Tema Miljöförändring. Linköpings universitet, Filosofiska fakulteten.
    Higher Apparent Gas Transfer Velocities for CO2 Compared to CH4 in Small Lakes2023Ingår i: Environmental Science and Technology, ISSN 0013-936X, E-ISSN 1520-5851, Vol. 57, nr 23, s. 8578-8587Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    Highergas transfer velocities for CO2 than CH4 inlakes challenge previous results and commonly made assumptionsand highlight the importance of gas-specific transport in aquaticgreenhouse gas exchange. Large greenhousegas emissions occur via the release of carbondioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4) from the surfacelayer of lakes. Such emissions are modeled from the air-watergas concentration gradient and the gas transfer velocity (k). The links between k and the physicalproperties of the gas and water have led to the development of methodsto convert k between gases through Schmidt numbernormalization. However, recent observations have found that such normalizationof apparent k estimates from field measurements canyield different results for CH4 and CO2. Weestimated k for CO2 and CH4 from measurements of concentration gradients and fluxes in fourcontrasting lakes and found consistently higher (on an average 1.7times) normalized apparent k values for CO2 than CH4. From these results, we infer that several gas-specificfactors, including chemical and biological processes within the watersurface microlayer, can influence apparent k estimates.We highlight the importance of accurately measuring relevant air-watergas concentration gradients and considering gas-specific processeswhen estimating k.

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  • 41.
    Pickering, Lauren
    et al.
    University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.
    Black, Andrew
    University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.
    Gilbert, Chanelle
    University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.
    Jeronimo, Matthew
    University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.
    Nesic, Zoran
    University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.
    Pilz, Juergen
    University of Klagenfurt, Klagenfurt, Austria.
    Svensson, Teresia
    Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för tema, Tema vatten i natur och samhälle. Linköpings universitet, Filosofiska fakulteten.
    Öberg, Gunilla
    University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.
    Portable Chamber System for Measuring Chloroform Fluxes from Terrestrial Environments – Methodological Challenges2013Ingår i: Environmental Science and Technology, ISSN 0013-936X, E-ISSN 1520-5851, Vol. 47, nr 24, s. 14298-14305Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    This study describes a system designed to measure chloroform flux from terrestrial systems, providing a reliable first assessment of the spatial variability of flux over an area. The study takes into account that the variability of ambient air concentrations is unknown. It includes quality assurance procedures, sensitivity assessments, and testing of materials used to ensure that the flux equation used to extrapolate from concentrations to fluxes is sound and that the system does not act as a sink or a source of chloroform. The results show that many materials and components commonly used in sampling systems designed for CO2, CH4, and N2O emit chloroform and other volatile chlorinated compounds (VOCls) and are thus unsuitable in systems designed for studies of such compounds. To handle the above-mentioned challenges, we designed a system with a non-steady-state chamber and a closed-loop air-circulation unit returning scrubbed air to the chamber. Based on empirical observations, the concentration increase during a deployment was assumed to be linear. Four samples were collected consecutively and a line was fitted to the measured concentrations. The slope of the fitted line and the y-axis intercept were input variables in the equation used to transform concentration change data to flux estimates. The soundness of the flux equation and the underlying assumptions were tested and found to be reliable by comparing modeled and measured concentrations. Fluxes of chloroform in a forest clear-cut on the east coast of Vancouver Island, BC, during the year were found to vary from −130 to 620 ng m–2 h–1. The study shows that the method can reliably detect differences of approximately 50 ng m–2 h–1 in chloroform fluxes. The statistical power of the method is still comparatively strong down to differences of 35 ng m–2 h–1, but for smaller differences, the results should be interpreted with caution.

  • 42.
    Qu, Guangbo
    et al.
    State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China.
    Liu, Aifeng
    State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China.
    Wang, Thanh
    State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China.
    Zhang, Chaoli
    State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China.
    Fu, Jianjie
    State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China.
    Yu, Miao
    State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China.
    Sun, Jianteng
    State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China.
    Zhu, Nali
    State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China.
    Li, Zhuona
    State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China.
    Wei, Guohua
    State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China.
    Du, Yuguo
    State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China.
    Shi, Jianbo
    State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China.
    Liu, Sijin
    State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China.
    Jiang, Guibin
    State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China.
    Identification of tetrabromobisphenol A allyl ether and tetrabromobisphenol A 2,3-dibromopropyl ether in the ambient environment near a manufacturing site and in mollusks at a coastal region2013Ingår i: Environmental Science and Technology, ISSN 0013-936X, E-ISSN 1520-5851, Vol. 47, nr 9, s. 4760-4767Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    Tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA) is one of the most widely used brominated flame retardants (BFRs) and has been frequently detected in the environment and biota. Recent studies have found that derivatives of TBBPA, such as TBBPA bis(allyl) ether (TBBPA BAE) and TBBPA bis(2,3-dibromopropyl) ether (TBBPA BDBPE) are present in various environmental compartments. In this work, using liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) and liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LC-Q-TOF-MS), TBBPA allyl ether (TBBPA AE) and TBBPA 2,3-dibromopropyl ether (TBBPA DBPE) were identified in environmental samples and further confirmed by synthesized standards. Soil, sediment, rice hull, and earthworm samples collected near a BFR manufacturing plant were found to contain these two compounds. In sediments, the concentrations of TBBPA AE and TBBPA DBPE ranged from 1.0 to 346.6 ng/g of dry weight (dw) and from 0.7 to 292.7 ng/g of dw, respectively. TBBPA AE and TBBPA DBPE in earthworm and rice hull samples were similar to soil samples, which ranged from below the method limit of detection (LOD, <0.002 ng/g of dw) to 0.064 ng/g of dw and from below the LOD (<0.008 ng/g of dw) to 0.58 ng/g of dw, respectively. Furthermore, mollusks collected from the Chinese Bohai Sea were used as a bioindicator to investigate the occurrence and distribution of these compounds in the coastal environment. The detection frequencies of TBBPA AE and TBBPA DBPE were 41 and 32%, respectively, and the concentrations ranged from below LOD (<0.003 ng/g of dw) to 0.54 ng/g of dw, with an average of 0.09 ng/g of dw, for TBBPA AE, and from below LOD (<0.008 ng/g of dw) to 1.41 ng/g of dw, with an average of 0.15 ng/g of dw, for TBBPA DBPE.

  • 43.
    Qu, Guangbo
    et al.
    State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
    Shi, Jianbo
    State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
    Wang, Thanh
    State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
    Fu, Jianjie
    State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
    Li, Zhuona
    State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
    Wang, Pu
    State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
    Ruan, Ting
    State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
    Jiang, Guibin
    State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
    Identification of tetrabromobisphenol A diallyl ether as an emerging neurotoxicant in environmental samples by bioassay-directed fractionation and HPLC-APCI-MS/MS2011Ingår i: Environmental Science and Technology, ISSN 0013-936X, E-ISSN 1520-5851, Vol. 45, nr 11, s. 5009-5016Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    Brominated flame retardants (BFRs) have been widely used as additives in products to reduce their flammability. Recent findings suggested that some BFRs exhibit neurotoxicity and thus might pose a threat to human health. In this work, a neurotoxicity assay-directed analysis was developed, combining sample cleanup, fractionation, chemical identification, and bioassay. Viability of primary cultured cerebellar granule neurons (CGNs) was used to evaluate the neurotoxicity of extracts or separated fractions from environmental samples. Tetrabromobisphenol A diallyl ether (TBBPA DAE) was identified as the causative toxicant in sediment samples collected from a river near a brominated flame retardant (BFR) manufacturing plant in South China. Liquid chromatography atmospheric pressure chemical ionization tandem mass spectrometry (LC-APCI-MS/MS) was optimized to determine TBBPA DAE levels in the potent fractions and to confirm TBBPA DAE as the key neurotoxicant. On the basis of comparison with the structure of other TBBPA derivatives, the 1-propenyl group in TBBPA DAE appears to be the cause for the neurotoxic potency. The levels of TBBPA DAE in samples along the river were found at up to 49 ng/L for river water, 10,183 ng/g dry weight (dw) in surface sediments, and 42 ng/g dw in soils. According to the distribution of TBBPA DAE in the environmental samples, the manufacturing plant was identified as the release source of TBBPA DAE. To our knowledge, this study is the first to demonstrate potential neurotoxicity induced by TBBPA DAE in real environmental samples.

  • 44.
    Redon, Paul-Olivier
    et al.
    Andra, Research and Development Division, Châtenay-Malabry, France.
    Abdesselam, Abdelouas
    Subatech, Ecole des Mines de Nantes, Université de Nantes, France.
    Bastviken, David
    Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för tema, Tema vatten i natur och samhälle. Linköpings universitet, Filosofiska fakulteten.
    Cecchini, Sébastien
    Département R&D, Office National des Forêts, Fotainebleau, France.
    Nicolas, Manuel
    Département R&D, Office National des Forêts, Fotainebleau, France.
    Thiry, Yves
    Andra, Research and Development Division, Châtenay-Malabry, France.
    Chloride and Organic Chlorine in Forest Soils: Storage, Resicence Times, and Influence of Ecological Conditons2011Ingår i: Environmental Science and Technology, ISSN 0013-936X, E-ISSN 1520-5851, Vol. 45, nr 17, s. 7202-7208Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    Recent studies have shown that extensive chlorination of natural organic matter significantly affects chlorine (Cl) residence time in soils. This natural biogeochemical process must be considered when developing the conceptual models used as the basis for safety assessments regarding the potential health impacts of 36-chlorine released from present and planned radioactive waste disposal facilities. In this study, we surveyed 51 French forested areas to determine the variability in chlorine speciation and storage in soils. Concentrations of total chlorine (Cltot) and organic chlorine (Clorg) were determined in litterfall, forest floor and mineral soil samples. Clorg constituted 11–100% of Cltot, with the highest concentrations being found in the humus layer (34–689 mg Clorg kg–1). In terms of areal storage (53 – 400 kg Clorg ha–1) the mineral soil dominated due to its greater thickness (40 cm). Clorg concentrations and estimated retention of organochlorine in the humus layer were correlated with Cl input, total Cl concentration, organic carbon content, soil pH and the dominant tree species. Clorg concentration in mineral soil was not significantly influenced by the studied environmental factors, however increasing Cl:C ratios with depth could indicate selective preservation of chlorinated organic molecules. Litterfall contributions of Cl were significant but generally minor compared to other fluxes and stocks. Assuming steady-state conditions, known annual wet deposition and measured inventories in soil, the theoretical average residence time calculated for total chlorine (inorganic (Clin) and organic) was 5-fold higher than that estimated for Clin alone. Consideration of the Clorg pool is therefore clearly important in studies of overall Cl cycling in terrestrial ecosystems.

  • 45.
    Reitzel, Kasper
    et al.
    Univ Southern Denmark, Denmark.
    Bennett, William W.
    Univ Southern Denmark, Denmark.
    Berger, Nils
    EuroChem Agro GmbH, Germany.
    Brownlie, Will J.
    Ctr Ecol and Hydrol Edinburgh, Scotland.
    Bruun, Sander
    Univ Copenhagen, Denmark.
    Christensen, Morten L.
    Aalborg Univ, Denmark.
    Cordell, Dana
    Univ Technol Sydney, Australia.
    van Dijk, Kimo
    European Sustainable Phosphorus Platform, Belgium.
    Egemose, Sara
    Univ Southern Denmark, Denmark.
    Eigner, Herbert
    AGRANA Res and Innovat Ctr GmbH, Austria.
    Glud, Ronnie N.
    Univ Southern Denmark, Denmark.
    Gronfors, Outi
    Kemira Oyj, Finland.
    Hermann, Ludwig
    Proman Management GmbH, Austria.
    Houot, Sabine
    ECOSYS, France.
    Hupfer, Michael
    Leibniz Inst Freshwater Ecol and Inland Fisheries, Germany.
    Jacobs, Brent
    Univ Technol Sydney, Australia.
    Korving, Leon
    European Ctr Excellence Sustainable Water Technol, Netherlands.
    Kjaergaard, Charlotte
    SEGES, Denmark.
    Liimatainen, Henrikki
    Univ Oulu, Finland.
    Van Loosdrecht, Mark C. M.
    Delft Univ Technol, Netherlands.
    Macintosh, Katrina A.
    Queens Univ Belfast, North Ireland; Queens Univ Belfast, North Ireland.
    Magid, Jakob
    Univ Copenhagen, Denmark.
    Maia, Frederico
    Smallmatek Lda, Portugal.
    Martin-Ortega, Julia
    Univ Leeds, England.
    McGrath, John
    The Queen’s University of Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland.
    Meulepas, Roel
    Wetsus, European centre of excellence for sustainable water technology, Oostergoweg 9, 8911 MA Leeuwarden, The Netherlands.
    Murry, Michael
    NVP Energy Ltd, Ireland.
    Schmid Neset, Tina
    Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för tema, Tema Miljöförändring. Linköpings universitet, Filosofiska fakulteten. Linköpings universitet, Centrum för klimatpolitisk forskning, CSPR.
    Neumann, Gunter
    Univ Hohenheim, Germany.
    Nielsen, Ulla G.
    Univ Southern Denmark, Denmark.
    Nielsen, Per H.
    Aalborg Univ, Denmark.
    OFlaherty, Vincent
    Natl Univ Ireland Galway, Ireland.
    Qu, Haiyan
    Univ Southern Denmark, Denmark.
    Santner, Jakob
    Univ Nat Resources and Life Sci, Austria.
    Seufert, Verena
    VU University Amsterdam, Institute for Environmental Studies, De Boelelaan 1087, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
    Spears, Bryan
    Ctr Ecol and Hydrol Edinburgh, Scotland.
    Stringer, Lindsay C.
    Sustainability Research Institute, School of Earth and Environment, University of Leeds, LS2 9JT Leeds, UK.
    Stutter, Marc
    James Hutton Inst, Scotland.
    Verburg, Peter H.
    Vrije Univ Amsterdam, Netherlands.
    Wilfert, Philipp
    IPP Kiel, Germany.
    Williams, Paul N.
    The Queen’s University of Belfast, School of Biological Sciences and the Institute for Global Food Security, 19 Chlorine Gardens, Belfast, BT9 5DL, Northern Ireland.
    Metson, Genevieve
    Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för fysik, kemi och biologi, Teoretisk Biologi. Linköpings universitet, Tekniska fakulteten.
    New Training to Meet the Global Phosphorus Challenge2019Ingår i: Environmental Science and Technology, ISSN 0013-936X, E-ISSN 1520-5851, Vol. 53, nr 15, s. 8479-8481Artikel i tidskrift (Övrigt vetenskapligt)
    Abstract [en]

    n/a

  • 46.
    Ruan, Ting
    et al.
    State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
    Lin, Yongfeng
    State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
    Wang, Thanh
    Örebro universitet, Institutionen för naturvetenskap och teknik.
    Liu, Runzeng
    State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
    Jiang, Guibin
    State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
    Identification of novel polyfluorinated ether sulfonates as PFOS alternatives in municipal sewage sludge in China2015Ingår i: Environmental Science and Technology, ISSN 0013-936X, E-ISSN 1520-5851, Vol. 49, nr 11, s. 6519-6527Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    A 6:2 chlorinated polyfluorinated ether sulfonate (6:2 Cl-PFAES) with the trade name F-53B, is an alternative to perfluorooctanesulfonate (PFOS) in electroplating industry that is uniquely used in China. It was developed as a mist suppressant initially in the 1970s, but the environmental behaviors and potential adverse effects of the 6:2 Cl-PFAES have only recently been investigated. In this work, the occurrence and distribution of perfluoroalkyl sulfonate (PFSA), fluorotelomer sulfonate (FTSA), and PFAES analogues were investigated in municipal sewage sludge samples collected around China. Perfluorobutane, perfluorohexane, perfluorooctane, and perfluorodecanesulfonates, 6:2 and 8:2 FTSAs, and the emerging 6:2 Cl-PFAES were detected. Moreover, 8:2 and 10:2 Cl-PFAESs were identified for the first time as new polyfluorinated contaminants using high resolution mass spectrometry. These fluorinated analytes were further quantified with the aid of commercial and laboratory-purified standards. PFOS was the predominant contaminant with a geometric mean (GM) value of 3.19 ng/g dry weight (d.w.), which was subsequently followed by 6:2 Cl-PFAES and 8:2 Cl-PFAES (GM: 2.15 and 0.50 ng/g d.w., respectively). Both 6:2 and 8:2 Cl-PFAES were positively detected as the major components in the F-53B commercial product, and discrete 6:2 Cl-PFAES/8:2 Cl-PFAES ratios in the product and sludge samples might suggest 8:2 Cl-PFAES had enhanced sorption behavior in the sludge due to the increase in hydrophobicity.

  • 47.
    Ruan, Ting
    et al.
    State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
    Liu, Runzeng
    State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
    Fu, Qiang
    China National Environmental Monitoring Center, Beijing, China.
    Wang, Thanh
    State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
    Wang, Yawei
    State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
    Song, Shanjun
    State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
    Wang, Pu
    State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing , China.
    Teng, Man
    China National Environmental Monitoring Center, Beijing, China.
    Jiang, Guibin
    State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
    Concentrations and composition profiles of benzotriazole UV stabilizers in municipal sewage sludge in China2012Ingår i: Environmental Science and Technology, ISSN 0013-936X, E-ISSN 1520-5851, Vol. 46, nr 4, s. 2071-2079Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    The environmental contamination and fate of benzotriazole UV stabilizers (BZTs) have received increasing attention due to their large production volume and wide usage in various consumer and industrial products. In the present work, 60 municipal sewage sludge samples from wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) in 33 cities in China were collected to investigate the occurrence and distribution of 9 frequently used BZTs. The most dominant analogue was 2-[3,5-bis(1-methyl-1-phenylethyl)-2-hydroxyphenyl]benzotriazole (UV-234) at a median concentration of 116 ng/g (dry weight) and accounted on average for 27.2% of total BZTs. The abundance was successively followed by 2-(2-hydroxy-5-tert-octylphenyl)benzotriazole (UV-329, average 24.3%), 2-(2-hydroxy-3-tert-butyl-5-methylphenyl)-5-chlorobenzotriazole (UV-326, average 22.2%), 2-(3,5-di-tert-amyl-2-hydroxyphenyl)benzotriazole (UV-328, average 17.7%), and 2-(2-hydroxy-5-methylphenyl)benzotriazole (UV-P, average 6.6%), with median concentrations of 66.8, 67.8, 57.3, and 20.6 ng/g, respectively. 5-Chloro-2-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-2-hydroxyphenyl)benzotriazole (UV-327) and 2-(3-sec-butyl-5-tert-butyl-2-hydroxyphenyl)benzotriazole (UV-350) had low detection frequency, while 2-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-2-hydroxyphenyl)benzotriazole (UV-320) and 2-(5-tert-butyl-2-hydroxyphenyl)benzotriazole (UV-PS) were not detectable in any sample. To our knowledge, this is the first study reporting the occurrence of UV-234, UV-329, and UV-350 in sewage sludge in China. Significant correlations were found among the BZT concentrations and also with a WWTP characteristic (daily treatment volume). Furthermore, results from degradation prediction and multimedia fate simulation based on a quantitative structure-property relationship (QSPR) model at screening level also implied that the commercial BZT chemicals and their plausible transformation products might be persistent in the environment.

  • 48.
    Ruan, Ting
    et al.
    State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China.
    Song, Shanjun
    State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China.
    Wang, Thanh
    State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China.
    Liu, Runzeng
    State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China.
    Lin, Yongfeng
    State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China.
    Jiang, Guibin
    State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China.
    Identification and composition of emerging quaternary ammonium compounds in municipal sewage sludge in China2014Ingår i: Environmental Science and Technology, ISSN 0013-936X, E-ISSN 1520-5851, Vol. 48, nr 8, s. 4289-4297Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    Quaternary ammonium compounds (QACs) have raised considerable attention due to their wide commercial applications and recent discovery of unknown persistent analogues in aqueous environment. In this work, the occurrence and distribution of alkyltrimethylammonium (ATMAC), benzylakyldimethylethylammonium (BAC) and dialkyldimethylammonium (DADMAC) homologues were investigated in fifty-two municipal sewage sludge samples. ATMAC C10-18, BAC C8-18 and paired DADMAC C8:8-C18:18 as well as emerging homologues such as ATMAC-20, 22 and mixed DADMAC-16:18 and 14:16 were present. Furthermore, paired DADMAC-20:20 and mixed DADMAC-14:18, 18:20 were identified for the first time by nontarget qualitative strategies. A triple quadruple mass spectrometer quantification method was also initially verified with the aid of laboratory synthesized standards for the analysis of the mixed DADMACs with no certificated commercial standards currently available. The total concentrations of ATMACs, BACs and DADMACs were in the range of 0.38-293, 0.09-191 and 0.64-344 μg/g dry weight, respectively, and particularly, mixed DADMACs constituted 39 ± 7% of total DADMAC concentrations. The concentrations and profiles of individual homologues further suggested different QAC applications and fate in China. Significant correlations were also found among the concentrations of various QAC homologues as well as wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) characteristics (total organic carbon contents and daily treatment volumes).

  • 49.
    Ruan, Ting
    et al.
    State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China.
    Wang, Yawei
    State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China.
    Wang, Chang
    State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China.
    Wang, Pu
    State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China.
    Fu, Jianjie
    State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China.
    Yin, Yongguang
    State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China.
    Qu, Guangbo
    State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China.
    Wang, Thanh
    State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China.
    Jiang, Guibin
    State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China.
    Identification and evaluation of a novel heterocyclic brominated flame retardant tris(2,3-dibromopropyl) isocyanurate in environmental matrices near a manufacturing plant in southern China2009Ingår i: Environmental Science and Technology, ISSN 0013-936X, E-ISSN 1520-5851, Vol. 43, nr 9, s. 3080-3086Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    A brominated flame retardant (BFR), hexabrominated heterocyclic tris-(2,3-dibromopropyl) isocyanurate (TBC), was identified,forthe first time, in the natural environment.The chemical was found in river water (2.33-163 ng/L), surface sediments (85.0 ng/g-6.03 microg/g dry weight (dw)), soils (19.6-672 ng/g dw), earthworm (9.75-78.8 ng/g dw), and carp samples (12.0-646 ng/g dw) from a factory-polluted area in southern China. It was found that TBC can strongly adsorb to organic material in sediment, and a trend of decreasing concentration with distance from the source in soil and earthworm samples, combined with calculated Kow (octanol-water partition coefficient) and Koa (octanol-air partition coefficient), suggests its potential ability to undergo regional transportation through dust deposition. Calculated results showed high Kow (log Kow = 7.37) and bioaccumulation factor (BAF) (log BAF = 4.30) of this BFR and indicate that TBC has semivolatile properties and bioaccumulation characteristic in certain biological species. Quantitative structure property relationships (QSPRs) modeling revealed that TBC has Koa (log Koa = 23.68) and Kaw (air-water partition coefficient) (log Kaw = -16.31) values several orders higher than those of other BFRs. The identification of this chemical additive further reminds us that the production and usage of heterocyclic BFRs may cause potential contamination to the surrounding environment

  • 50.
    Ruan, Ting
    et al.
    State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Bejing, China.
    Wang, Yawei
    State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Bejing, China.
    Wang, Thanh
    State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Bejing, China.
    Zhang, Qinghua
    State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Bejing, China.
    Ding, Lei
    State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Bejing, China.
    Liu, Jiyan
    State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Bejing, China.
    Wang, Chang
    State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Bejing, China.
    Qu, Guangbo
    State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Bejing, China.
    Jiang, Guibin
    State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Bejing, China.
    Presence and partitioning behavior of polyfluorinated iodine alkanes in environmental matrices around a fluorochemical manufacturing plant: another possible source for perfluorinated carboxylic acids?2010Ingår i: Environmental Science and Technology, ISSN 0013-936X, E-ISSN 1520-5851, Vol. 44, nr 15, s. 5755-5761Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    The indistinct origins of some ubiquitous perfluorinated alkyl acids have attracted great attention in recent decades. In this present work, even-chained polyfluorinated iodides (PFIs), a group of volatile perfluorinated compounds (PFCs), including four perfluorinated iodine alkanes (FIAs) and three polyfluorinated telomer iodides (FTIs) were confirmed to be present in the environment. A wide concentration range was found for FIAs at 1.41 to 3.08x104 pg/L, and for FTIs at 1.39 to 1.32x103 pg/L in the ambient air collected around a fluorochemical manufacturing plant in Shandong province, northern China. Whereas for surface soils, most of these PFIs were below detection limits and only small amounts of analytes with higher carbon chain (such as perfluorododecyl iodide and 1H,1H,2H,2H-perfluorodecyl iodide, 16.6-499 pg/g) could be sporadically detected. The presence of the PFIs in different environmental matrices in the investigated area and calculated vapor pressures (0.095-20.4 Torr) verify that they can be considered as volatile organic chemicals and easily be released into the atmosphere. Together with reported degradation ability and long-range transport potential, the identification of these PFIs indicates that unintentional release during the telomer reaction process might also be another route for the formation and distribution of certain polyfluorinated alcohols, aldehydes, and carboxylic acid derivatives under oxidative conditions in the environment.

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