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  • 1.
    Aanaes, K
    et al.
    Rigshosp, Denmark .
    Rasmussen, N
    Rigshosp, Denmark Statens Serum Institute, Denmark .
    Pressler, T
    Rigshosp, Denmark Rigshosp, Denmark .
    Segelmark, Mårten
    Linköping University, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Pharmacology. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Heart and Medicine Centre, Department of Nephrology UHL.
    Johansen, H K
    Rigshosp, Denmark .
    Lindberg, U
    Lund University, Sweden .
    Hoiby, N
    Rigshosp, Denmark .
    Carlsson, M
    Lund University, Sweden .
    Wieslander, J
    EuroDiagnostica AB, Sweden .
    Buchwald, C
    Rigshosp, Denmark .
    Extensive Endoscopic Image-Guided Sinus Surgery Decreases BPI-ANCA in Patients with Cystic Fibrosis2012In: Scandinavian Journal of Immunology, ISSN 0300-9475, E-ISSN 1365-3083, Vol. 76, no 6, p. 573-579Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Antineutrophil cytoplasm autoantibodies (ANCA) directed against bactericidal/permeability-increasing protein (BPI) are common in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF), and serum levels are correlated with lung colonization by Pseudomonas aeruginosa and the severity of lung damage. The production of BPI-ANCA may be due to the costimulation of BPI when mounting an immune response against P. aeruginosa. The effect of surgery aiming to eradicate bacteria and infected tissue on BPI-ANCA levels is sparsely described. A cohort of patients with CF were included: 53 patients having extensive image-guided sinus surgery (EIGSS) with topical postoperative antibiotic treatment, 131 non-operated controls and 36 who had double lung transplantation (LTX). In all 219 patients, serum samples before and after surgery or at similar intervals were analysed for IgG and IgA BPI-ANCA. The EIGSS group showed a highly significant decrease in both IgA and IgG BPI-ANCA levels compared with their own preoperative values and control group values (P andlt; 0.0010.02). The LTX patients also showed a highly significant decrease in both IgA and IgG BPI-ANCA levels (P andlt; 0.001). EIGSS and LTX decrease IgA and IgG BPI-ANCA levels in patients with CF, indicating that extensive removal of infected tissue influences the pathogenic process of autoantibody production. The results shown herein are in favour of applying EIGSS in selected patients with CF and for using BPI-ANCA as a surrogate marker for guiding further therapeutic interventions.

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  • 2.
    Almroth, Gabriel
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Medicine and Care, Nephrology. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Heart and Medicine Center, Department of Nephrology.
    Lonn, J
    University of Örebro, Sweden .
    Uhlin, Fredrik
    Linköping University, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Internal Medicine. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Heart and Medicine Center, Department of Nephrology.
    Nayeri, Fariba
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Infectious Diseases. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Heart and Medicine Center, Department of Infectious Diseases.
    Brudin, Lars
    Linköping University, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Andersson, B
    Sahlgrens University Hospital, Sweden .
    Hahn-Zoric, M
    Sahlgrens University Hospital, Sweden .
    Fibroblast Growth Factor 23, Hepatocyte Growth Factor, Interleukin-6, High-Sensitivity C-Reactive Protein and Soluble Urokinase Plasminogen Activator Receptor. Inflammation Markers in Chronic Haemodialysis Patients?2013In: Scandinavian Journal of Immunology, ISSN 0300-9475, E-ISSN 1365-3083, Vol. 78, no 3, p. 285-290Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Sera from 84 haemodialysis (HD) patients and 68 healthy blood donors were analysed with commercially available ELISA techniques for fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF-23), hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), interleukin-6 (Il-6), high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) and soluble urokinase plasminogen activator receptor (suPAR), to find a possible correlation of FGF-23 and HGF with the earlier recognized inflammatory markers Il-6 and hs-CRP or suPAR. All patients studied had significantly elevated levels of FGF-23, HGF, hs-CRP and suPAR as compared to the controls. Il-6 and hs-CRP correlated for patients (R=0.6) as well as for patients and controls altogether. Ln (natural logarithm) of HGF correlated weakly with Ln Il-6 and Ln CRP (R 0.28-0.37). Ln FGF-23 correlated only with Ln HGF (r=-0.25) in controls. Ln HGF correlated with ln suPAR (r=0.6) in both patients and controls. Although elevated as compared to controls, we found no correlation of FGF-23 with the recognized inflammatory markers Il-6, hs-CRP, nor HGF or the new marker suPAR in HD patients. Ln HGF correlated with Ln Il-6, Ln CRP and Ln suPAR. Although probably involved in vessel disease, FGF-23 and HGF may play other roles than acting in inflammatory vessel disease in HD patients. Further studies are necessary to evaluate the role of these immunological markers in chronic haemodialysis patients with atherosclerosis.

  • 3.
    Almroth, Gabriel
    et al.
    Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Region Östergötland, Heart and Medicine Center, Department of Nephrology. Linköping University, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Division of Drug Research.
    Lönn, Johanna
    Örebro Universitet, Sweden.
    Uhlin, Fredrik
    Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Region Östergötland, Heart and Medicine Center, Department of Nephrology. Linköping University, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Division of Drug Research.
    Brudin, Lars
    Linköping University, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Department of Physiology, County Hospital, Kalmar, Sweden.
    Andersson, Bengt Andersson
    Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Göteborg, Sweden.
    Hahn-Zoric, Mirjana
    Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Göteborg, Sweden.
    Sclerostin, TNF-alpha and Interleukin-18 Correlate and are Together with Klotho Related to Other Growth Factors and Cytokines in Haemodialysis Patients2016In: Scandinavian Journal of Immunology, ISSN 0300-9475, E-ISSN 1365-3083, Vol. 83, no 1, p. 58-63Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Patients with chronic renal failure are known to have renal osteodystrophy (bone disease) and increased calcification of vessels. A new marker of bone disease, sclerostin, the two pro-inflammatory cytokines tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and interleukin-18 (IL-18), and the fibroblast growth factor-23 (FGF-23) receptor-associated marker Klotho were tested in 84 haemodialysis (HD) patients and in healthy controls. The patients had significantly higher levels of the three former markers than of the controls while Klotho was significantly higher in the controls. Low level, but significant, correlations were observed in the patient group when the levels of these four markers were compared to each other and to those of 5 cytokines and growth factors tested earlier; high-sensitive CRP (hsCRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6), hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), fibroblast growth factor-23 (FGF-23) and soluble urokinase plasminogen activator (suPAR). Ln sclerostin correlated positively to Ln hsTNF-alpha, Ln HGF and Ln suPAR. Ln hsTNF-alpha correlated positively to Ln sclerostin, Ln hsCRP, Ln IL-6, Ln FGF-23, Ln suPAR and Ln IL-18. Ln IL-18 correlated positively to Ln suPAR and Ln TNF-alpha. Ln Klotho correlated negatively to Ln hsCRP but did not correlate to Ln FGF-23. The markers studied here may be involved in the calcification of vessels seen in HD patients due to a combination of inflammation and bone disease. The mechanisms are still not fully known but may be of importance for future therapeutic possibilities in this group of patients.

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  • 4.
    Bengtson, Per
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Biomedicine and Surgery, Cell biology. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Zetterberg, H.
    Department of Clinical Chemistry and Transfusion Medicine, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Göteborg, Sweden.
    Mellberg, T.
    Department of Clinical Chemistry and Transfusion Medicine, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Göteborg, Sweden.
    Påhlsson, Peter
    Linköping University, Department of Biomedicine and Surgery, Cell biology. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Larson, G.
    Department of Clinical Chemistry and Transfusion Medicine, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Göteborg, Sweden.
    Characterization of EBV-transformed B-cells established from an individual homozygously mutated (G329A) in the FUT7α1,3-fucosyltransferase gene2005In: Scandinavian Journal of Immunology, ISSN 0300-9475, E-ISSN 1365-3083, Vol. 62, no 3, p. 251-258Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The α1,3-fucosyltransferase VII (Fuc-TVII) is involved in the biosynthesis of E- and P-selectin ligands such as sialyl Lewis x (SLex) on human leukocytes. Recently, individuals were characterized carrying a missense mutation (G329A; Arg110-Gln) in the FUT7 gene encoding this enzyme. The mutated FUT7 construct produced a Fuc-TVII enzyme with impaired activity compared with the wildtype enzyme. Polymorphonuclear granulocytes from an individual carrying this mutation homozygously also showed a reduced expression of SLex. In the present study, we have established Epstein–Barr virus-transformed B-cell lines from this individual (SIGN) and from an individual not carrying the mutation (IWO). The cell lines were confirmed to be of B-cell origin by flow cytometry analysis. IWO cells interacted with E-selectin in an in vitro flow chamber analysis whereas SIGN cell did not. However, when SIGN cell was transiently transfected with wildtype FUT7 cDNA, interaction with E-selectin could be restored. Cell surface expression of the SLex-related epitopes recognized by antibodies CSLEX-1, KM-93 and HECA-452 was elevated on IWO cells compared with that on SIGN cells, consistent with a role of these antigens in E-selectin recognition. These cell lines will be useful in further characterization of E-selectin ligands and encourage further studies on the consequences of the FUT7-G329A mutation in vivo.

  • 5. Bohmova, K
    et al.
    Hladikova, Z
    Cerny, M
    Flajsmanova, K
    Vrabelova, Z
    Skramlikova, T
    Spalova, I
    Cerna, M
    Chudoba, D
    Pithova, P
    Stadlerova, G
    Bartaskova, D
    Faresjö, Maria
    Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Linköping University, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Pediatrics.
    Stechova, K
    Cord blood cytokine profile detection in neonates with T1D parents - Monitoring of cellular auto-reactivity using protein microarray2007In: Scandinavian Journal of Immunology, ISSN 0300-9475, E-ISSN 1365-3083, Vol. 66, no 5, p. 563-571Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is a great medical challenge and its incidence rises rapidly. T lymphocytes and their cytokine production are supposed to play a major role in T1D development. So far, there is no potent tool to recognize the early signs of cellular auto-reactivity which leads to β-cell damage. The naïve immune system of the newborn (not yet influenced by external factors) can be used as an important model for T1D pathogenesis studies. Cord blood samples of 22 healthy neonates born at term to a diabetic parent (T1DR) and 15 newborns with no family history of any autoimmune disease (controls) were collected. Determination of 23 cytokines was performed before and after the stimulation with diabetogenic autoantigens using protein microarray. We observed lower basal production of all detected cytokines in the T1DR group - granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) (P = 0.025), growth regulated protein (GRO) (P = 0.002), GRO-α (P = 0.027), interleukin (IL)-1-α (P = 0.051), IL-3 (P = 0.008), IL-7 (P = 0.027), IL-8 (P = 0.042), monocyte chemoattractant proteins (MCP)-3 (P = 0.022), monokine-induced by IFN-γ (MIG) (P = 0.034) and regulated upon activation normal T-cell express sequence (RANTES) (P = 0.004). Exclusively lower post-stimulative levels of G-CSF (P = 0.030) and GRO-α (P = 0.04) were observed in controls in comparison with the basal levels. A significant post-stimulative decrease in G-CSF (P = 0.030) and MCP-2 (P = 0.009) levels was observed in controls in comparison with T1DR neonates. We also observed the interesting impact of the risky genotype on the protein microarray results. Protein microarray seems to be a useful tool to characterize a risk pattern of the immune response for T1D also in newborns. © 2007 The Authors.

  • 6.
    Bokarewa, M
    et al.
    University of Gothenburg, Sweden; .
    Tarkowski, A.
    University of Gothenburg, Sweden; .
    Magnusson, Mattias
    University of Gothenburg, Sweden; .
    Pathological survivin expression links viral infections with pathogenesis of erosive rheumatoid arthritis2007In: Scandinavian Journal of Immunology, ISSN 0300-9475, E-ISSN 1365-3083, Vol. 66, no 2-3, p. 192-198Article, review/survey (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an inflammatory joint disease leading to cartilage and bone destruction. Insufficient apoptosis in the inflamed RA synovium along with accumulation of highly differentiated B- and T-lymphocytes as well as invasive growth of macrophages and fibroblasts is among the major mechanisms supporting joint destruction. We have recently shown that circulating survivin, an apoptotis inhibitor tightly bound to tumorigenesis, is an independent predictor of development and progression of joint destruction in RA. In this review we discuss the possible connectivity between viral infection, leading to interferon (IFN)-alpha production, survivin expression, and subsequent joint inflammation. The role of IFN-a and the involvement of IFN transcription factors and phosphoinositide-3-kinase signalling as essential modulators of arthritogenic process are discussed in the context of survivin.

  • 7.
    Boström, E A
    et al.
    University of Gothenburg.
    Ekstedt, Mattias
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Gastroenterology and Hepatology. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Heart and Medicine Centre, Department of Endocrinology and Gastroenterology UHL.
    Kechagias, Stergios
    Linköping University, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Internal Medicine. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Heart and Medicine Centre, Department of Endocrinology and Gastroenterology UHL.
    Sjöwall, Christoffer
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Rheumatology. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Heart and Medicine Centre, Department of Rheumatology in Östergötland.
    Bokarewa, M I
    University of Gothenburg.
    Almer, Sven
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Gastroenterology and Hepatology. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Heart and Medicine Centre, Department of Endocrinology and Gastroenterology UHL.
    Resistin is Associated with Breach of Tolerance and Anti-nuclear Antibodies in Patients with Hepatobiliary Inflammation2011In: Scandinavian Journal of Immunology, ISSN 0300-9475, E-ISSN 1365-3083, Vol. 74, no 5, p. 463-470Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Resistin is a cysteine-rich protein, which is abundantly expressed at the site of inflammation, and acts as a regulator of the NF-kB-dependent cytokine cascade. The aim of this study was to evaluate resistin levels in relation to inflammatory mediators, disease phenotype and autoantibody status in a spectrum of pathological conditions of the gastrointestinal tract. Resistin levels were measured with an ELISA in sera originated from 227 patients and 40 healthy controls (HC). Fifty patients diagnosed with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), 53 ulcerative colitis (UC), 51 Crohns disease (CD), 46 autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) and 27 primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) were included. The sera were analysed with respect to biochemical parameters of systemic inflammation and liver function and to the presence of antibodies to nuclear antigens (ANA), mitochondria (AMA) and smooth muscle (SMA). Compared with HC, resistin levels were raised in AIH (P = 0.017) and PSC (P = 0.03); compared with NAFLD, levels were elevated in CD (P = 0.041), AIH (P andlt; 0.001) and PSC (P andlt; 0.001). Patients with elevated levels of resistin were more often treated with corticosteroids, but no difference was found between active disease and clinical remission. Resistin levels were significantly higher in ANA-positive individuals compared with ANA-negative (P = 0.025). Resistin levels were directly correlated with IL-6 (r = 0.30, P = 0.02) and IL-8 (r = 0.51, P andlt; 0.001). Elevated levels of resistin were prominent in patients with hepatobiliary inflammation and were associated with breach of self-tolerance, i.e. ANA positivity. Thus, we propose that resistin may be an important marker of disease severity in autoantibody-mediated gastrointestinal inflammatory diseases.

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  • 8.
    Canedo, P.
    et al.
    University of Porto, Portugal.
    Thorselius, M.
    Uppsala University.
    Thunberg, U.
    Uppsala University.
    Sällström, J.
    Uppsala University.
    Sundström, C.
    Uppsala University.
    Rosén, Anders
    Linköping University, Department of Biomedicine and Surgery, Cell biology. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Söderberg, O.
    University of Porto, Portugal.
    A Follicular Dendritic Cell Line Promotes Somatic Hypermutations in Ramos cells In Vitro2009In: Scandinavian Journal of Immunology, ISSN 0300-9475, E-ISSN 1365-3083, Vol. 69, no 1, p. 70-71Article in journal (Other academic)
  • 9.
    Casas, Rosaura
    et al.
    Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Pediatrics .
    Lindau, C
    Division of Paediatrics Linköping University.
    Zetterström, Olle
    Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Allergy Centre . Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Centre for Medicine, Allergy Centre UHL.
    Duchén, Karel
    Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Pediatrics . Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Centre of Paediatrics and Gynecology and Obstetrics, Department of Paediatrics in Linköping.
    Downregulation of CXCR6 and CXCR3 in lymphocytes from birch-allergic patients2008In: Scandinavian Journal of Immunology, ISSN 0300-9475, E-ISSN 1365-3083, Vol. 68, no 3, p. 351-361Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Preferential expression of chemokine receptors on Th1 or Th2 T-helper cells has mostly been studied in cell lines generated in vitro or in animal models, however, results are less well characterized in humans. We determined T-cell responses through chemokine receptor expression on lymphocytes, and cytokine secretion in plasma from birch-allergic and healthy subjects. The expression of CCR2, CCR3, CCR4, CCR5, CCR7, CXCR3, CXCR4, CXCR6, IL-12 and IL-18R receptors was studied on CD4+ and CD8+ cells from birch-allergic (n = 14) and healthy (n = 14) subjects by flow cytometry. The concentration of IL-4, IL-5, IL-10, IL-12, IFN-γ and TNF-α cytokines was measured in plasma from the same individuals using a cytometric bead array human cytokines kit. The similar expression of CCR4 in T cells from atopic and healthy individuals argues against the use of the receptor as an in vivo marker of Th2 immune responses. Reduced percentages of CD4+ cells expressing IL-18R, CXCR6 and CXCR3 were found in the same group of samples. TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-10, IL-5, IL-4 and IL-12 cytokines were elevated in samples from allergic individuals. Reduced expression of Th1-associated chemokine receptors together with higher levels of Th1, Th2 and anti-inflammatory cytokines in samples from allergic patients indicate that immune responses in peripheral blood in atopic diseases are complex and cannot be simplified to the Th1/Th2 paradigm. Not only the clinical picture of atopic diseases but also the clinical state at different time points of the disease might influence the results of studies including immunological markers associated with Th1- or Th2-type immune responses. © 2008 The Authors.

  • 10.
    Casas, Rosaura
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Pediatrics. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Skarsvik, Susanne
    Linköping University, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Pediatrics. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Lundberg, Anna
    Linköping University, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Pediatrics. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Zetterström, Olle
    Linköping University, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Allergy Centre. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Centre for Medicine, Allergy Centre UHL. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Duchén, Karel
    Linköping University, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Pediatrics. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Impaired maturation of monocyte-derived dendritic cells from birch allergic individuals in association with birch-specific immune responses2007In: Scandinavian Journal of Immunology, ISSN 0300-9475, E-ISSN 1365-3083, Vol. 66, no 5, p. 591-598Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Optimal activation of T lymphocytes requires a costimulatory signal provided by the interaction of molecules on the surface of T cells with their ligands expressed on dendritic cells (DC). We investigated whether DC differentiated from monocytes from healthy and birch allergic asthmatic individuals and further maturated by stimulation with cat and birch allergens and LPS differ in their phenotypic receptor expression. Similar expression of DC surface markers, including HLA-DR, CD80, CD86, CD83, CD1a and CD11c, was detected in monocyte-derived DC from allergic and healthy individuals. Cells from healthy donors stimulated either antigen showed a similar activation of the CD80 and double CD80/CD86 costimulatory molecules when compared with non-stimulated cells. In the case of cells from allergic individuals, birch allergen was unable to produce the same increased expression of CD80 alone or in combination with CD80/CD86, in comparison with cells stimulated with cat and LPS. Levels of IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, MCP-1/MCAF and MIP-1β were similar in the supernatant of non-stimulated DC from both groups of subjects. By contrast, the spontaneous secretion of IL-12p70 and TNF-α was higher in the supernatant of DC from healthy subjects when compared with that from allergic individuals. Stimulation with birch and LPS resulted in an increased secretion of IL-12p70 in samples from healthy when compared with that in allergic individuals. The results suggest an impaired specific maturation of DC from birch allergic individuals in association with birch-specific immune responses. Lower secretion of IL-12p70 from birch-stimulated DC from allergic individuals suggests that not only maturation, but also the specific Th1 function of these cells seems to be affected in those individuals.

  • 11.
    Dzikaite, Vijole
    et al.
    Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Strandberg, Linn S
    Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Ambrosi, Aurelie
    Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Jagodic, Maja
    Neuroimmunology Unit, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Janson, Peter
    Clinical Allergy Research Unit, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Khademi, Mohsen
    Neuroimmunology Unit, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Salomonsson, Stina
    Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Ottosson, Lars
    Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Klauninger, Robert
    Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Åden, Ulrika
    Department of Woman and Child Health, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Sonesson, Sven-Erik
    Department of Woman and Child Health, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Sunnerhagen, Maria
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Molecular Biotechnology. Linköping University, The Institute of Technology.
    de Graaf, Katrien L
    Hertie Institute for clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Germany.
    Kuchroo, Vijay K
    Center for Neurological Diseases, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA,.
    Achour, Adnane
    Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Winqvist, Ola
    Clinical Allergy Research Unit, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Olsson, Tomas
    Neuroimmunology Unit, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Wahren-Herlenius, Marie
    Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.
    MHC Genes Determine Fetal Susceptibility in a Rat Model of Congenital Heart Block2010In: Scandinavian Journal of Immunology, ISSN 0300-9475, E-ISSN 1365-3083, Vol. 72, no 3, p. 269-269Article in journal (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    n/a

  • 12.
    Faresjö, Maria
    et al.
    Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Linköping University, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Pediatrics.
    Ernerudh, Jan
    Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Linköping University, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Clinical Immunology. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Centre for Laboratory Medicine, Department of Clinical Immunology and Transfusion Medicine.
    Ludvigsson, Johnny
    Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Linköping University, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Pediatrics. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Centre of Paediatrics and Gynecology and Obstetrics, Department of Paediatrics in Linköping.
    Cytokine profile in children during the first 3 months after the diagnosis of type 1 diabetes2004In: Scandinavian Journal of Immunology, ISSN 0300-9475, E-ISSN 1365-3083, Vol. 59, no 5, p. 517-526Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease with an inflammatory process directed against the β cells in pancreas. This investigation aimed at studying the immune response during the first 3 months after the diagnosis of type 1 diabetes, with focus on the balance of T-helper 1 (Th1)- and Th2-like cytokines, produced spontaneously and in response to relevant autoantigens. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were collected from type 1 diabetic children (10-17 years) at 5, 20, 35 and 90 days after diagnosis. Expression of interferon-γ (IFN-γ) and interleukin-4 (IL-4) mRNA were detected by real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction and IFN-γ, IL-10 and IL-13 by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in cell supernatant after stimulation with a glutamic acid decarboxylase 65 (GAD65)-peptide [amino acid (a.a.) 247-279], insulin, the ABBOS-peptide (a.a. 152-169), phytohaemagglutinin and keyhole limpet haemocyanin. Spontaneous and antigen-induced expression and secretion of cytokines were low at the diagnosis of type 1 diabetes. During the first month, after diagnosis, the GAD 65-peptide caused an increased ratio of IFN-γ/IL-4 mRNA expression (P < 0.05) and increased secretion of IFN-γ (P = 0.07). Expression of IFN-γ mRNA did also increase from stimulation with insulin (P < 0.05), even though cytokine secretion remained low. Thus, duration after diagnosis as well as metabolic state should be carefully considered both in studies of the pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes and in immune intervention studies at onset.

  • 13.
    Faresjö, Maria
    et al.
    Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Linköping University, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Pediatrics.
    Ludvigsson, Johnny
    Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Linköping University, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Pediatrics. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Centre of Paediatrics and Gynecology and Obstetrics, Department of Paediatrics in Linköping.
    Diminished Th1-like response to autoantigens in children with a high risk of developing type 1 diabetes2005In: Scandinavian Journal of Immunology, ISSN 0300-9475, E-ISSN 1365-3083, Vol. 61, no 2, p. 173-179Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The exact role of T-helper (Th) cells that precede the clinical manifestation of type 1 diabetes remains unclear. The aim of this investigation was to study the Th1- and Th2-like profile in children and adults with high risk of developing the disease. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were collected from high-risk children and adults and from healthy individuals matched for age and gender. Using the sensitive enzyme-linked immunospot (ELISPOT) technique to divide Th1- from Th2-like lymphocytes, secretion of interferon-γ (IFN-γ) and interleukin-4 was analysed from lymphocytes spontaneously and after in vitro stimulation with different antigens, based on present paradigms regarding the pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes. Compared to the response observed in healthy individuals, we found that individuals with a high risk of developing type 1 diabetes, especially children, responded with less IFN-γ secretion to the three autoantigens glutamic acid decarboxylase 65 (GAD 65), insulin and tyrosinphosphatase (IA-2). Thus, a diminished Th1-like response by in vitro autoantigen stimulation was observed in especially children with a high risk of developing type 1 diabetes. Reduced Th1/Th2 response was related to signs of β cell exhaustion.

  • 14.
    Haldorsen, Karstein
    et al.
    University of Bergen, Norway .
    Appel, Silke
    University of Bergen, Norway .
    Le Hellard, Stephanie
    University of Bergen, Norway .
    Bruland, Ove
    Haukeland Hospital, Norway .
    Brun, Johan G.
    Haukeland Hospital, Norway University of Bergen, Norway .
    Omdal, Roald
    Stavanger University Hospital, Norway .
    Kristjansdottir, Gudlaug
    Uppsala University, Sweden .
    Theander, Elke
    Malmö University Hospital, Sweden .
    Fernandes, Carla P. D.
    University of Bergen, Norway .
    Nordmark, Gunnel
    Uppsala University, Sweden .
    Kvarnstrom, Marika
    Karolinska Institute, Sweden .
    Eriksson, Per
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Rheumatology. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Heart and Medicine Center, Department of Nephrology.
    Ronnblom, Lars
    Uppsala University, Sweden .
    Wahren Herlenius, Marie
    Karolinska Institute, Sweden .
    Jonsson, Roland
    University of Bergen, Norway Haukeland Hospital, Norway .
    Isine Bolstad, Anne
    University of Bergen, Norway .
    No Association of Primary Sjogrens Syndrome with Fc gamma?Receptor Gene Variants2012In: Scandinavian Journal of Immunology, ISSN 0300-9475, E-ISSN 1365-3083, Vol. 76, no 2, p. 198-198Article in journal (Refereed)
  • 15. Istrate, C
    et al.
    Douagi, I
    Charpilienne, A
    McInnerney, GM
    Hidmark, Å
    Johansen, K
    Larsson, Marie
    Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Linköping University, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Molecular Virology.
    Magnusson, Karl-Eric
    Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Linköping University, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Medical Microbiology.
    Poncet, D
    Svensson, Lennart
    Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Linköping University, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Molecular Virology.
    Hinkula, Jorma
    Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Linköping University, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Molecular Virology.
    Bone marrow dendritic cells internalize live RF-81 bovine rotavirus and rotavirus-like particles (RF 2/6-GFP-VLP and RF 8*2/6/7-VLP) but are only activated by live bovine rotavirus2007In: Scandinavian Journal of Immunology, ISSN 0300-9475, E-ISSN 1365-3083, Vol. 65, no 6, p. 494-502Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Dendritic cells (DC) represent the link between innate and adaptive immunity. They are classified as antigen-presenting cells (APC) and can initiate and modulate the immune response. To investigate the interaction with DCs, live RF-81 bovine rotavirus strain (RFV) and rotavirus-like particles (rota-VLP), RF 2/6-GFP-VLP and rota RF 8*2/6/7-VLP, were added in vitro to murine bone marrow-derived DCs (bmDCs). Live RFV, RF 2/6-GFP-VLP and RF 8*2/6/7-VLP all bound to bmDC and were internalized but only live RFV stimulated phenotypic maturation of the bmDCs as shown by the upregulation of the co-stimulatory molecule CD86. Even though bmDCs internalized RF 2/6-GFP-VLP and RF 8*2/6/7-VLP as efficiently as live RFV, these rota-VLP were not able to activate the cells. Supernatants derived from bmDC cultures treated with live RFV, RF 2/6-GFP-VLP or RF 8*2/6/7-VLP were examined for TNF-α production. At 6, 18 and 24 h post-infection, TNF-α concentrations were significantly increased in cultures treated with live RFV and rota-VLP compared with untreated cultures. In conclusion, this study showed that live RF-81 bovine rotavirus strain was internalized and induced bmDCs activation, whereas both RF 2/6-GFP-VLP and RF 8*2/6/7-VLP were internalized by bmDCs without triggering their activation. © 2007 The Authors.

  • 16.
    Kanmert, Daniel
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Molecular Physics. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Kastbom, Alf
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Rheumatology. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Heart and Medicine Center, Department of Rheumatology.
    Almroth, Gunnel
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Rheumatology. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Skogh, Thomas
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Rheumatology. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Heart and Medicine Center, Department of Rheumatology.
    Enander, Karin
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Molecular Physics. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Wetterö, Jonas
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Rheumatology. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    IgG Rheumatoid Factors Against the Four Human Fc-gamma Subclasses in Early Rheumatoid Arthritis (The Swedish TIRA Project)2012In: Scandinavian Journal of Immunology, ISSN 0300-9475, E-ISSN 1365-3083, Vol. 75, no 1, p. 115-119Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Rheumatoid factor (RF), i.e. a family of autoantibodies against the Fc part of IgG, is an important seromarker of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Traditional particle agglutination without disclosing the antibody isotype remains the predominating diagnostic method in clinical routine. Although IgG-RF attracts pathogenic interest, its detection remains technically challenging. The present study aimed at developing a set of tests identifying IgG-RFs directed against the four IgG subclasses. IgG-RF against either subclass of human IgG-Fc were analysed with four novel enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) utilizing four recombinant human Fc-gamma fragments (hIgG14) as sources of antigen. Sera from 40 patients with recent onset RA (20 seropositive and 20 seronegative by IgM-RF and IgA-RF-isotype-specific ELISA) were analysed. Sera from 20 healthy blood donors served as reference. Among the IgM-/IgA-RF-positive RA-sera, IgG-RF was found directed against hIgG1 and hIgG2, but not against hIgG3 or hIgG4. Significant correlations were seen between IgG-RF against hIgG2-Fc and IgM-RF (r = 0.666) levels. Further prospective studies are warranted to elucidate any correlation to disease course and outcome.

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  • 17.
    Levander, Louise
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of Cell Biology. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Grenegård, Magnus
    Linköping University, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Pharmacology. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Ryden, I
    Kalmar County Hospital.
    Påhlsson, Peter
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Cell Biology. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Effects of alpha 1-acid Glycoprotein Fucosylation on its Ca2+ Mobilizing Capacity in Neutrophils2009In: Scandinavian Journal of Immunology, ISSN 0300-9475, E-ISSN 1365-3083, Vol. 69, no 5, p. 412-420Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    We recently showed that the acute-phase protein alpha(1)-acid glycoprotein (AGP) induces rises in cytosolic calcium concentration, [Ca2+](i,) in neutrophils through sialic acid dependent interactions with the neutrophil receptors siglec-5 and/or siglec-14. Whereas both siglec-5 and siglec-14 have a relatively broad specificity for sialylated oligosaccharide structures, including both structures with terminal alpha 2-3 or alpha 2-6 linked sialic acid, there is a markedly reduced affinity to the fucosylated epitope sialyl Lewis x (SLe(x)). Increased fucosylation, leading to increased expression of SLe(x) on AGP is commonly associated with inflammatory conditions. In the present study, we investigated whether an increased SLe(x) expression would affect the Ca2+-mobilizing effect of AGP. AGP with elevated fucose content isolated from patients with untreated chronic joint inflammation showed a decreased [Ca2+](i) modulatory effect on neutrophils compared to normally fucosylated AGP. Furthermore a hyperfucosylated AGP form produced by in vitro fucosylation, that consequently had an elevated expression of SLe(x), could not elicit a [Ca2+](i) increase in neutrophils. The role of the carbohydrate portion of AGP in modulating neutrophil responses was further strengthened by showing that synthetic glycoconjugates carrying oligosaccharides with terminal alpha 2-3 or alpha 2-6 linked sialic acid were able to mimic the Ca2+-mobilizing effect of AGP whereas a synthetic glycoconjugate carrying SLe(x) was not. Based on these data, we conclude that increased fucosylation can alter the ability of AGP to induce neutrophil signalling and further supports an important role of the oligosaccharide chains of AGP in the modulation of leukocyte functions during an inflammatory process.

  • 18.
    Magnusson, Mattias
    et al.
    Swedish University of Agriculture Science, Uppsala, Sweden .
    Magnusson, S.
    Swedish University of Agriculture Science, Uppsala, Sweden .
    Vallin, H.
    Swedish University of Agriculture Science, Uppsala, Sweden .
    Rönnblom, L.
    University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden.
    Alm, G. V.
    Swedish University of Agriculture Science, Uppsala, Sweden .
    Importance of CpG dinucleotides in activation of natural IFN-alpha-producing cells by a lupus-related oligodeoxynucleotide2001In: Scandinavian Journal of Immunology, ISSN 0300-9475, E-ISSN 1365-3083, Vol. 54, no 6, p. 543-550Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The oligodeoxyribonucleotide (ODN) 5-TTTTCAATTCGAAGATGAAT-3 (ODN H), identified in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) serum, induced the production of interferon (IFN)-alpha in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) when combined with lipofectin. Flow cytometric analysis with staining for surface antigens and intracellular IFN-alpha, showed that the IFN-alpha -producing cells (IPC) were the natural IPC, also termed type 2 dendritic cell precursors (pDC2) or plasmacytoid monocytes. The importance of unmethylated CpG dinucleotides for the interferogenic activity of ODN was studied. Methylation of CpG impaired the activity of single-stranded (ss) ODN H, but increased that of the complementary ssODN I. Furthermore, CpG-methylated double-stranded (ds) ODN H-met-I-met lost, but hemimethylated dsODN H-I-met retained interferogenic activity. Inversion of the CpG to GpC had no effect on the interferogenic activity of ssODN H, increased that of ssODN I, however abolished the activity of dsODN H-I. Alteration of the CpG in ODN H to ApG and in the ODN I to CpT destroyed their activity. The induction of IFN-alpha is therefore sequence-specific, but unmethylated CpGs are not always required, especially not in ssODNs. Interferogenic DNA sequences could therefore be more frequent in eukaryotic genomes than previously thought and their capacity to activate natural IPC may have implications for immune responses to microbial antigens and nuclear autoantigens.

  • 19.
    Matussek, A
    et al.
    County Hospital Ryhov, Department of Clinical Microbiology, Jönköping, Sweden.
    Strindhall, J
    yDepartment of Natural Science and Biomedicine, School of Health Sciences, Jönköping, Sweden.
    Stark, Lisa
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Rohde, M
    zDepartment of Microbiology, German Research Centre for Biotechnology, Gemany.
    Geffers, R
    Mucosal Immunity Group, German Research Centre for Biotechnology, Braunschweig, Germany.
    Buer, J
    Mucosal Immunity Group, German Research Centre for Biotechnology, Braunschweig/Institute of Medical Microbiology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.
    Kihlström, Erik
    Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Linköping University, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Clinical Microbiology. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Centre for Laboratory Medicine, Department of Clinical Microbiology.
    Lindgren, Per-Eric
    Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Linköping University, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Medical Microbiology.
    Löfgren, S
    Department of Clinical Microbiology, County Hospital Ryhov, Jönköping.
    Infection of human endothelial cells with Staphylococcus aureus induces transcription of genes encoding an innate immunity response2005In: Scandinavian Journal of Immunology, ISSN 0300-9475, E-ISSN 1365-3083, Vol. 61, no 6, p. 536-544Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Staphylococcus aureus is a gram-positive bacterium frequently isolated from patients with bloodstream infections. Endothelial cells (EC) play an important role in host defence against bacteria, and recent reports have shown that infection of EC with S. aureus induces expression of cytokines and cell surface receptors involved in activating the innate immune response. The ability of S. aureus to invade nonphagocytic cells, including EC, has been documented. However, the knowledge of the role of EC in pathogenesis of S. aureus infection is still limited. In this study, we investigate the gene-expression program in human EC initiated by internalized 5. aureus, using microarray analysis. We found 156 genes that were differentially regulated at least threefold, using arrays representing 14,239 genes. Many of the up regulated genes code for proteins involved in innate immunity, such as cytokines, chemokines and cell adhesion proteins. Other upregulated genes encode proteins involved in antigen presentation, cell signalling and metabolism. Furthermore, intracellular bacteria survived for days without inducing EC death. © 2005 Blackwell Publishing Ltd.

  • 20.
    Michalek, J
    et al.
    Cell Immunotherapy Center, Masaryk University Brno, Czech Republic.
    Vrabelova, Z
    Dept of Pediatrics, Masaryk University Brno, Czech Republic.
    Hrotekova, Z
    Dept of Pediatrics, Masaryk University Brno, Czech Republic.
    Kyr, M
    Dept of Pediatrics, Masaryk University Brno, Czech Republic.
    Kolouskova, S
    Dept of Pediatrics, University Hospital Motol Prague, Czech Republic.
    Faresjö, Maria
    Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Linköping University, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Pediatrics.
    Stechova, K
    Dept of Pediatrics, University Hostpial Motol Prague, Czech Republic.
    Immune regulatory T cells in siblings of children suffering from type 1 diabetes mellitus2006In: Scandinavian Journal of Immunology, ISSN 0300-9475, E-ISSN 1365-3083, Vol. 64, no 5, p. 531-535Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Patients with type 1 diabetes are suffering from defects in immune regulatory cells. Their siblings may be at increased risk of type 1 diabetes especially if they are carriers of certain human leucocyte antigen (HLA) alleles. In a prospective non-randomized study, we intended to evaluate 31 healthy siblings of paediatric patients with type 1 diabetes and explore immune regulatory populations of CD4+CD25+ T cells and natural killer (NK) T cells. Tested siblings of type 1 diabetes patients were stratified according to the HLA-associated risk of possible diabetes development. Immune regulatory function of CD4+CD25+ T cells was tested in vitro. Significant differences in CD4+CD25+ but not in NK T cells have been identified. Siblings of type 1 diabetes patients carrying high risk HLA alleles (DQA1*05, DQB1*0201, DQB1*0302) had significantly lower number of immune regulatory CD4+CD25+ T cells than the age-matched healthy controls or siblings carrying low-risk HLA alleles (DQB1*0301, DQB1*0603, DQB1*0602). Regulatory function of CD4+CD25+ T cells demonstrated a dose-escalation effect. In siblings of type 1 diabetes patients, the defect in immune regulatory CD4+CD25+ T cells exists in association with genetic HLA-linked risk for type 1 diabetes. © 2006 The Authors.

  • 21.
    Nordmark, Gunnel
    et al.
    Uppsala University, Sweden .
    Wang, Chuan
    Uppsala University, Sweden .
    Vasaitis, Lilian
    Uppsala University, Sweden .
    Eriksson, Per
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Rheumatology. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Heart and Medicine Center, Department of Rheumatology.
    Theander, Elke
    Lund University, Sweden .
    Kvarnström, Marika
    Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Forsblad-d'Elia, Helena
    University of Gothenburg, Sweden .
    Jazebi, Helmi
    Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Sjöwall, Christoffer
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of Inflammation Medicine. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Heart and Medicine Center, Department of Rheumatology.
    Reksten, Tove Ragna
    University of Bergen, Norway .
    Brun, Johan G.
    Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway.
    Jonsson, Malin V.
    University of Bergen, Norway .
    Johnsen, Svein J.
    Stavanger University Hospital, Norway .
    Wahren-Herlenius, Marie
    Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Omdal, Roald
    Stavanger University Hospital, Norway .
    Jonsson, Roland
    University of Bergen, Norway.
    Bowman, Simon
    University Hospital Birmingham, UK.
    Ng, Wan-Fai
    Newcastle University, UK.
    Eloranta, Maija-Leena
    Uppsala University, Sweden .
    Syvänen, Ann-Christine
    Uppsala University, Sweden .
    Association of Genes in the NF-κB Pathway with Antibody-Positive Primary Sjögren's Syndrome2013In: Scandinavian Journal of Immunology, ISSN 0300-9475, E-ISSN 1365-3083, Vol. 78, no 5, p. 447-454Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Primary Sjogrens syndrome (SS) is a systemic autoimmune inflammatory disease characterized by focal lymphocytic infiltrates in the lachrymal and salivary glands and autoantibodies against the SSA/Ro and SSB/La antigens. Experimental studies have shown an activation of NF-B in primary SS. NF-B activation results in inflammation and autoimmunity and is regulated by inhibitory and activating proteins. Genetic studies have shown an association between multiple autoimmune diseases and TNFAIP3 (A20) and TNIP1 (ABIN1), both repressors of NF-B and of IKBKE (IKK epsilon), which is an NF-B activator. The aim of this study was to analyse single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the IKBKE, NFKB1, TNIP1 and TNFAIP3 genes for association with primary SS. A total of 12 SNPs were genotyped in 1105 patients from Scandinavia (Sweden and Norway, n=684) and the UK (n=421) and 4460 controls (Scandinavia, n=1662, UK, n=2798). When patients were stratified for the presence of anti-SSA and/or anti-SSB antibodies (n=868), case-control meta-analysis found an association between antibody-positive primary SS and two SNPs in TNIP1 (P=3.4x10(-5), OR=1.33, 95%CI: 1.16-1.52 for rs3792783 and P=1.3x10(-3), OR=1.21, 95%CI: 1.08-1.36 for rs7708392). A TNIP1 risk haplotype was associated with antibody-positive primary SS (P=5.7x10(-3), OR=1.47, 95%CI: 1.12-1.92). There were no significant associations with IKBKE, NFKB1 or TNFAIP3 in the meta-analysis of the Scandinavian and UK cohorts. We conclude that polymorphisms in TNIP1 are associated with antibody-positive primary SS.

  • 22.
    Ottosson, L.
    et al.
    Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Salomonsson, S.
    Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Hennig, Janosch
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Molecular Biotechnology . Linköping University, The Institute of Technology.
    Sonesson, S.-E.
    Department of Women and Child Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Dorner, T.
    Dörner, T., Department of Medicine, Rheumatol. and Clin. Immunology Unit, University Hospital Charité, Berlin, Germany.
    Raats, J.
    Department of Biochemistry, Radboud Univ. Nijmegen/ModiQuest BV, Nijmegen, Netherlands.
    Kuchroo, V.K.
    Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.
    Sunnerhagen, Maria
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Molecular Biotechnology . Linköping University, The Institute of Technology.
    Wahren-Herlenius, M.
    Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden, Department of Medicine, CMM L8:04, Karolinska Hospital, SE-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden.
    Structurally derived mutations define congenital heart block-related epitopes within the 200-239 amino acid stretch of the Ro52 protein2005In: Scandinavian Journal of Immunology, ISSN 0300-9475, E-ISSN 1365-3083, Vol. 61, no 2, p. 109-118Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Congenital heart block is a passively transferred autoimmune condition, which affects the children of mothers with Ro/SSA autoantibodies. During pregnancy, the antibodies are transported across the placenta and affect the fetus. We have previously demonstrated that antibodies directed to the 200-239 amino acid (aa) stretch of the Ro52 component of the Ro/SSA antigen correlate with the development of congenital heart block. In this report, we investigated the antibody-antigen interaction of this target epitope in detail at a molecular and structural level. Peptides representing aa 200-239 (p200) with structurally derived mutations were synthesized to define the epitopes recognized by two Ro52 human monoclonal antibodies, S3A8 and M4H1, isolated from patient-derived phage display libraries. Analyses by ELISA, circular dichroism and MALDI-TOF-MS demonstrate that the antibody recognition is dependent on a partly a-helical fold within the putative leucine zipper of the 200-239 aa stretch and that the two human anti-p200 monoclonal antibodies, M4H1 and S3A8, recognize different epitopic structures within the p200 peptide. In addition, we investigated the representation of each fine specificity within the sera of mothers with children born with congenital heart block, and in such sera, antibodies of the S3A8 idiotype were more commonly detected and at higher levels than M4H1-like antibodies.

  • 23.
    Ottosson, L
    et al.
    Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm.
    Salomonsson, S.
    Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm.
    Hennig, Janosch
    Linköping University, The Institute of Technology. Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Molecular Biotechnology.
    Sonesson, S.-E.
    Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm.
    Dörner, T.
    Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology Unit University Hospital Charité, Berlin, Germany.
    Raats, J
    Department of Biochemistry Radboud University Nijmegen and ModiQuest, The Netherland.
    Kuchroo, V.K.
    Center for Neurologic Deseases Brigham and Women´s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA.
    Sunnerhagen, Maria
    Linköping University, The Institute of Technology. Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Molecular Biotechnology.
    Wahren-Herlenius, M.
    Department of Medicine Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm.
    Structurally Derived Mutations Define Congenital Heart Block-Related Epitopes Within the 200-239 Amino Acid Stretch of the Ro52 Protein2004In: Scandinavian Journal of Immunology, ISSN 0300-9475, E-ISSN 1365-3083, Vol. 61, p. 109-118Article in journal (Refereed)
  • 24.
    Salomonsson, S.
    et al.
    Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm.
    Dzikaite, V.
    Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm.
    Zeffer, E.
    Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm.
    Eliasson, H.
    Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm.
    Ambrosi, A.
    Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm.
    Bergman, G.
    Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm.
    Fernlund, E.
    Skåne University Hospital, Malmö.
    Theander, E.
    Skåne University Hospital, Malmö.
    Öhman, A.
    Uppsala University.
    Rydberg, A.
    Umeå University.
    Skogh, Thomas
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Rheumatology. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Heart and Medicine Centre, Department of Rheumatology in Östergötland.
    Wållberg-Jonsson, S.
    Umeå University.
    Elfving, Å.
    Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm.
    Fored, M.
    Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm.
    Ekbom, A.
    Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm.
    Lundström, U.
    The Queen Silvia Children′s Hospital, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Göteborg.
    Mellander, M.
    The Queen Silvia Children′s Hospital, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Göteborg, Sweden.
    Winqvist, O.
    Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm.
    Sonesson, S.-E.
    Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm.
    Gadler, F.
    Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm.
    Jonzon, A.
    Uppsala University.
    Wahren-Herlenius, M.
    Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm.
    A Population-based Investigation of the Autoantibody Profile in Mothers of Children with Atrioventricular Block2011In: Scandinavian Journal of Immunology, ISSN 0300-9475, E-ISSN 1365-3083, Vol. 74, no 5, p. 511-517Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The objective of the study was to investigate the antigen specificity and occurrence of individual autoantibodies in mothers of children diagnosed with atrioventricular (AV) block in a nation-wide setting. Patients with AV block detected before 15 years of age were identified using national quality registries as well as a network of pediatric and adult cardiologists and rheumatologists at the six university hospitals in Sweden. Patients with gross heart malformations, surgically or infectiously induced blocks were excluded. Blood samples were obtained from the mothers and maternal autoantibody profile, including the occurrence of antibodies against Ro52, Ro60, La, SmB, SmD, RNP-70k, RNP-A, RNP-C, CENP-C, Scl-70, Jo-1, ribosomal RNP and histones was investigated in 193 mothers of children with AV block by immunoblotting and ELISA. Autoantibody reactivity was detected in 48% (93/193) of the mothers of children with AV block. In autoantibody-positive mothers, the vast majority, 95% (88/93), had antibodies against Ro52, while 63% (59/93) had autoantibodies to Ro60 and 58% (54/93) had autoantibodies to La. In addition, 13% (12/93) of the autoantibody-positive mothers had antibodies to other investigated antigens besides Ro52, Ro60 and La, and of these anti-histone antibodies were most commonly represented, detected in 8% (7/93) of the mothers. In conclusion, this Swedish population-based study confirms that maternal autoantibodies may associate with heart block in the child. Further, our data demonstrate a dominant role of Ro52 antibodies in association with AV block.

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  • 25.
    Sandholm, Kerstin
    et al.
    Linnaeus University, Kalmar, Sweden.
    Carlsson, Hanna
    Linköping University, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Division of Inflammation and Infection. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Department of Clinical Chemistry and Transfusion Medicine, Kalmar, Region Kalmar County.
    Persson, Barbro
    Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
    Skattum, Lillemor
    Lund University, Lund, Sweden; Clinical Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Lund, Sweden..
    Tjernberg, Ivar
    Linköping University, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Division of Inflammation and Infection. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Department of Clinical Chemistry and Transfusion Medicine, Linköping University, Kalmar, Region Kalmar County, Sweden.
    Nilsson, Bo
    Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
    Ekdahl, Kristina N
    Linnaeus University, Kalmar, Sweden; Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
    Discrepancies in plasma levels of complement components measured by a newly introduced commercially available magnetic bead technique compared to presently available clinical reference intervals2020In: Scandinavian Journal of Immunology, ISSN 0300-9475, E-ISSN 1365-3083, Vol. 91, no 2, article id e12831Article in journal (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    BACKGROUND: Complement system aberrations are implicated in numerous pathological conditions. Techniques used in complement diagnostic include monitoring of individual proteins, activation products or function using different types of immunoassays. Most recent techniques include multiplex assays which enable simultaneous detection of multiple complement components or activation products in the same sample thereby saving both sample volume and time.

    MATERIALS AND METHODS: We have tested the performance of the commercially available Human Complement Magnetic Bead multiplex assay MILLIPLEX MAP H (EMD Millipore Corporation, Billerica, MA, USA) for simultaneous determination of C1q, C4, C3, factor B, properdin and factor H as well as MBL, C2, factor D, factor I, C5 and C9 using plasma from 68 healthy blood donors.

    RESULTS: The main observation was very low levels of C3 determined by the MILLIPLEX assay: median value 16.4 mg/L (range 7.7-57.4) compared to the present reference value of 670-1290 mg/L used in the clinic (i.e., 60-fold lower). Discrepancies (although not as pronounced as for C3) were also found for C1q, factor B, factor H, C2 and C9.

    CONCLUSION: The MILLIPEX assay is highly inaccurate regarding C3 and less reliable for several other analytes, and implies that the company should reconstruct their assay for C3 since the results are not on par with the standard of other techniques used today.

  • 26.
    Silfverdal, Sven-Arne
    et al.
    Department of Paediatrics, Örebro University Hospital, Örebro and Department of Mothers' and Childrens' Health, Östersund Hospital, Östersund.
    Bodin, L.
    Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Örebro University Hospital, Örebro.
    Ulanova, M.
    Department of Clinical Immunology, Göteborg University, Göteborg, Sweden; and Division of Medical Sciences, Northern Ontario School of Medicine, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, Canada.
    Hahn-Zoric, M.
    Department of Clinical Immunology, Göteborg University, Göteborg, Sweden.
    Hanson, L. Å.
    Department of Clinical Immunology, Göteborg University, Göteborg, Sweden.
    Olcén, Per
    Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Örebro University Hospital, Örebro.
    Expression of Idiotypic Antibodies-1 and -2 and Breastfeeding in Relation to Antibody Levels Against Haemophilus Influenzae Type b in Children2006In: Scandinavian Journal of Immunology, ISSN 0300-9475, E-ISSN 1365-3083, Vol. 63, no 5, p. 371-375Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The aim of the study was to determine the concentrations of serum antibodies against Haemophilus influenzae type b in preschool children in relation to the distribution of idiotypic antibodies 1 and 2 (Id-1 and Id-2) and the exposure to breastfeeding in infancy. Sera were obtained from 74 control children recruited in an earlier case-control study before the introduction of general Hib vaccination. Duration of breastfeeding was monitored, and prevalence of noninvasive infections was registered. Concentrations of IgG1 and IgG2 anti-Hib, as well as of total Id-1 and Id-2, were determined in ELISA. The expression of Id-1 antibodies increased with age in contrast to the Id-2 antibodies that were found only in children up to 24 months of age. Expression of Id-1 antibodies was positively correlated with higher anti-Hib levels of both the IgG1 and IgG2 isotype. Children expressing Id-2 antibodies showed higher IgG2 anti-Hib concentrations than those who did not have Id-2 (P = 0.001). The concentrations of neither Id-1 nor Id-2 antibodies were related to the duration of breastfeeding. Duration of breastfeeding was related to increased anti-Hib IgG2 in healthy children above 18 months of age. These study shows that the expression of idiotype-1 and idiotype-2 antibodies was associated with higher IgG2 anti-Hib concentration and that breastfeeding could enhance the anti-Hib IgG2 production in children.

  • 27.
    Skarsvik, Susanne
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Pediatrics. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Tiittanen, Minna
    Department of Molecular Medicine, National Public Health Institute, Helsinki, Finland.
    Lindström, Anna
    Linköping University, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Pediatrics. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Casas, Rosaura
    Linköping University, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Pediatrics. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Ludvigsson, Johnny
    Linköping University, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Pediatrics. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Vaarala, Outi
    Linköping University, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Pediatrics. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Poor in vitro maturation and pro-inflammatory cytokine response of dendritic cells in children at genetic risk of type 1 diabetes2004In: Scandinavian Journal of Immunology, ISSN 0300-9475, E-ISSN 1365-3083, Vol. 60, no 6, p. 647-652Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Type 1 diabetes (T1D) has been associated with an aberrant maturation of dendritic cells (DC). We studied the maturation of monocyte-derived DC in children with newly diagnosed T1D and in healthy children with genetic risk for T1D. Peripheral blood monocytes from children with newly diagnosed T1D (n = 12; mean age 13.2 years), children with human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-risk genotype of T1D (n = 7; mean age 12.7 years) and healthy children (n = 14; mean age 11.2 years) were in vitro differentiated into DC. Expression of HLA-DR, CD80/86 and CD11c and secretion of interleukin (IL)-12, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, IL-6 and IL-10 were measured using flow cytometry. Lower percentage of DC expressed CD11c and HLA-DR, and decreased production of TNF-α was found in children with newly diagnosed T1D and in children at genetic risk when compared to healthy children. Children with risk genotype also had decreased IL-12 production by DC. Children with T1D and children at genetic risk of T1D appear to have similar aberrancies in the maturation of DC, which may predispose to β-cell autoimmunity.

  • 28. Strindhall, J
    et al.
    Lindgren, Per-Eric
    Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Linköping University, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Medical Microbiology.
    Löfgren, S
    Kihlström, Erik
    Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Linköping University, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Clinical Microbiology. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Centre for Laboratory Medicine, Department of Clinical Microbiology.
    Clinical isolates of Staphylococcus aureus vary in ability to stimulate cytokine expression in human endothelial cells2005In: Scandinavian Journal of Immunology, ISSN 0300-9475, E-ISSN 1365-3083, Vol. 61, no 1, p. 57-62Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) were infected for 24 h with 18 well-characterized Staphylococcus aureus isolates, and the supernatants from infected HUVEC were analysed for interleukin (IL)-1β, tumour necrosis factor-alpha, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12p70, growth-related oncogene (GRO)-α, granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and regulated upon activation, normal T cell expressed and secreted (RANTES) by immunoassay. All staphylococcal isolates induced the expression of IL-6, IL-8, GRO-α, GM-CSF and RANTES. The magnitude of cytokine expression varied between isolates. Staphylococcus aureus inducing high expression of one of these cytokines also showed simultaneous high expression of the other four, indicating a common mechanism for the ability of individual S. aureus to induce expression of these cytokines. No direct correlation between cytokine expression and adhesion of S. aureus to HUVEC was observed, indicating that bacterial properties besides adhesion contribute to the activation of HUVEC.

  • 29.
    Strindhall, Jan
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Biomedicine and Surgery, Clinical Chemistry. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Lundblad, Arne
    Linköping University, Department of Biomedicine and Surgery, Clinical Chemistry. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Påhlsson, Peter
    Linköping University, Department of Biomedicine and Surgery, Clinical Chemistry. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Interferon-γ enhancement of E-selectin expression on endothelial cells is inhibited by monensin1997In: Scandinavian Journal of Immunology, ISSN 0300-9475, E-ISSN 1365-3083, Vol. 46, no 4, p. 338-343Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The expression of E-selectin reaches a maximum 4–6 h after stimulation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) in vitro with tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and then declines to basal level within 24 h. If interferon-γ (IFN-γ) is added to the cell culture medium together with TNF-α the surface expression of E-selectin is augmented and prolonged in a synergistic way. The aim of the present study was to investigate if altered protein glycosylation could explain the IFN-γ induced persistent surface expression of E-selectin. SDS–PAGE analysis of HUVEC glycoproteins, metabolically radiolabelled in the carbohydrate portion, indicated that addition of IFN-γ produced an altered protein glycosylation. Lectin blot analysis using the Sambucus nigra agglutinin lectin also indicated differences in protein glycosylation when HUVEC were incubated with IFN-γ/TNF-α compared to TNF-α alone. The kinetics of surface expression of E-selectin were measured using a cell ELISA assay. When HUVEC were incubated with monensin, a potent inhibitor of late Golgi function, together with both TNF-α and IFN-γ, the additive effect of IFN-γ on E-selectin expression was almost abolished. Since monensin is known to affect glycosylation processing, this experiment suggested that the IFN-γ induced change in protein glycosylation might induce the prolonged surface expression of E-selectin. However, when HUVEC were cultured with IFN-γ/TNF-α in the presence of several different inhibitors of N-glycosylation processing, no significant effect of E-selectin expression was observed. Regulation of adhesion molecule expression after activation of endothelial cells is likely to play a pivotal role for the inflammatory response. Further studies are needed to understand the mechanisms underlying this regulation.

  • 30.
    Svensson, M.
    et al.
    Lund University, Sweden .
    Ramelius, A.
    Lund University, Sweden .
    Nilsson, A.-L.
    Ostersund Hospital, Sweden .
    Delli, A.J.
    Lund University, Sweden .
    Elding Larsson, H.
    Lund University, Sweden .
    Carlsson, A.
    Lund University, Sweden .
    Forsander, G.
    Sahlgrens University Hospital, Sweden .
    Ivarsson, S.A.
    Lund University, Sweden .
    Ludvigsson, Johnny
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of Clinical Sciences. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Center of Paediatrics and Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Department of Paediatrics in Linköping.
    Kockum, I.
    Karolinska Institute, Sweden .
    Marcus, C.
    Karolinska Institute, Sweden .
    Samuelsson, Ulf
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of Clinical Sciences. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Center of Paediatrics and Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Department of Paediatrics in Linköping.
    Ortqvist, E.
    Karolinska Institute, Sweden .
    Lernmark, A.
    Lund University, Sweden .
    Antibodies to Influenza Virus A/H1N1 Hemagglutinin in Type 1 Diabetes Children Diagnosed Before, During and After the SWEDISH A(H1N1)pdm09 Vaccination Campaign 2009-20102014In: Scandinavian Journal of Immunology, ISSN 0300-9475, E-ISSN 1365-3083, Vol. 79, no 2, p. 137-148Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    We determined A/H1N1-hemagglutinin (HA) antibodies in relation to HLAD-Q genotypes and islet autoantibodies at clinical diagnosis in 1141 incident 0.7 to 18-year-old type 1 diabetes patients diagnosed April 2009-December 2010. Antibodies to S-35-methionine-labelled A/H1N1 hemagglutinin were determined in a radio-binding assay in patients diagnosed before (n = 325), during (n = 355) and after (n = 461) the October 2009-March 2010 Swedish A(H1N1) pdm09 vaccination campaign, along with HLA-DQ genotypes and autoantibodies against GAD, insulin, IA-2 and ZnT8 transporter. Before vaccination, 0.6% patients had A/H1N1-HA antibodies compared with 40% during and 27% after vaccination (P less than 0.0001). In children less than3 years of age, A/H1N1-HA antibodies were found only during vaccination. The frequency of A/H1N1-HA antibodies during vaccination decreased after vaccination among the 3 less than 6 (P = 0.006) and 13 less than 18 (P = 0.001), but not among the 6 less than 13-year-olds. HLA-DQ2/8 positive children less than3 years decreased from 54% (15/28) before and 68% (19/28) during, to 30% (9/30) after vaccination (P = 0.014). Regardless of age, DQ2/2; 2/X (n = 177) patients had lower frequency (P = 0.020) and levels (P = 0.042) of A/H1N1-HA antibodies compared with non-DQ2/2; 2/X (n = 964) patients. GADA frequency was 50% before, 60% during and 51% after vaccination (P = 0.009). ZnT8QA frequency increased from 30% before to 34% during and 41% after vaccination (P = 0.002). Our findings suggest that young (less than3 years) along with DQ2/2; 2/X patients were low responders to Pandemrix (R). As the proportion of DQ2/8 patients less than3 years of age decreased after vaccination and the frequencies of GADA and ZnT8QA were enhanced, it cannot be excluded that the vaccine affected clinical onset of type 1 diabetes.

  • 31.
    Söderberg, Ola
    et al.
    Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Linköping University, Department of Biomedicine and Surgery, Cell biology.
    Thunberg, U
    Weigelt, C
    Christiansen, I
    Totterman, TH
    Carlsson, M
    Sallstrom, J
    Nilsson, K
    Staphylococcus aureus Cowan strain 1 activation of B-chronic lympocytic leukaemia cells augments the response to CD40 sitmulation.1999In: Scandinavian Journal of Immunology, ISSN 0300-9475, E-ISSN 1365-3083, Vol. 50, p. 363-370Article in journal (Refereed)
  • 32.
    Walldén (Fredriksson), Jenny
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Pediatrics . Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Ilonen, Jorma
    University of Kuopio.
    Roivainen, Merja
    National Public Health Institute, Helsinki, Finland .
    Ludvigsson, Johnny
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Pediatrics . Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Centre of Paediatrics and Gynecology and Obstetrics, Department of Paediatrics in Linköping.
    Vaarala, Outi
    National Public Health Institute, Helsinki, Finland .
    Effect of HLA genotype or CTLA-4 polymorphism on cytokine response in healthy children2008In: Scandinavian Journal of Immunology, ISSN 0300-9475, E-ISSN 1365-3083, Vol. 68, no 3, p. 345-350Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is considered to be a T-cell-mediated autoimmune disease in which genetic predisposition is affected by HLA class II alleles and polymorphisms in cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated antigen-4 (CTLA-4) gene. We tested the hypothesis whether these T1D-related gene polymorphisms modulate cytokine response and thus contribute to the development of autoimmunity. The study includes 67 non-diabetic children, typed for HLA class II alleles and CTLA-4 polymorphisms (+49A/G, CT60A/G, CTBC217_1C/T). We measured cytokine secretion of peripheral blood mononuclear cells after stimulation with tetanus toxoid (TT), polio virus, coxsackie virus B4, pertussis toxin (PT) and phytohemagglutinin (PHA). We saw higher IL-13 response to TT in individuals with DR3–DQ2 haplotype (P = 0.002). HLA class II protective haplotype, DR2–DQ6, showed association with increased production of IFN-γ (P < 0.001) and IL-2 (P = 0.005) in response to polio virus. In children with the autoimmunity-related homozygous genotypes CTLA-4 +49G/G, CT60G/G and CTBC217_1T/T, we found enhanced PT- and PHA-induced IFN-γ production (P < 0.05). The cytokine responses to studied antigens were weakly modified by HLA class II risk haplotypes, and children with T1D-associated HLA risk haplotypes are not specifically inclined to develop an immune response in general. Higher IFN-γ and IL-2 response to enterovirus in children with HLA class II protective haplotype DR2-DQ6 could be of importance in the protection from T1D-associated enterovirus infections. All autoimmunity related CTLA-4 polymorphisms were associated with enhanced IFN-γ. This suggests impaired downregulation of cellular immunity by these CTLA-4 polymorphisms.

  • 33.
    Widhe, Mona
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Infectious Diseases. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, LMÖ - Laboratoriemedicin i Östergötland, Transfusionsmedicin och klinisk immunologi. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Ekerfelt, Christina
    Linköping University, Department of Neuroscience and Locomotion, Neurology. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Forsberg, Pia
    Linköping University, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Infectious Diseases. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Bergström, S.
    Department of Microbiology, University of Umeå, Umeå, Sweden.
    Ernerudh, Jan
    Östergötlands Läns Landsting, LMÖ - Laboratoriemedicin i Östergötland, Transfusionsmedicin och klinisk immunologi. Linköping University, Department of Neuroscience and Locomotion, Neurology. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    IgG subclasses in Lyme borreliosis: a study of specific IgG subclass distribution in an interferon-γ-predominated disease1998In: Scandinavian Journal of Immunology, ISSN 0300-9475, E-ISSN 1365-3083, Vol. 47, no 6, p. 575-581Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Lyme borreliosis has shown a T helper type 1 (Th1)-like immune response with high production of interferon-gamma. Since the cytokine environment seems to be important in the regulation of immunoglobulin production and in the switch between different isotypes and subclasses, and since the subclasses of IgG have different functions, we wanted to examine the IgG subclass distribution in Lyme borreliosis. We have developed an ELISA measuring flagellin-specific antibodies of the different IgG subclasses in serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Thirty-five seropositive patients with varying manifestations of Lyme borreliosis were included in the study. According to the results, the predominating subclasses in both serum and CSF were IgG1 and IgG3. In samples taken early in disease this pattern was more pronounced in patients with a subacute disease, defined as recovery within 3 months, compared to patients that later on developed chronic borreliosis. The levels of IgG2 were generally low and IgG4 was below detection level. Thus, in the IFN-gamma-predominated immune response seen in Lyme borreliosis, mainly IgG1 and IgG3 were found, i.e. the subclasses that are complement activating as well as opsonizing in humans. Increased levels of these two subclasses early in disease might contribute to recovery and counteract the development of chronicity. The absence of IgG4 is in accordance with the presumed Th1-like situation of Lyme borreliosis.

1 - 33 of 33
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