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  • 1.
    Andersson, Gerhard
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Behavioural Sciences and Learning, Psychology. Linköping University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences. Karolinska Inst, Sweden.
    Carlbring, Per
    Stockholm Univ, Sweden; Univ Southern Denmark, Denmark.
    Titov, Nickolai
    Macquarie Univ, Australia.
    Lindefors, Nils
    Karolinska Inst, Sweden.
    Internet Interventions for Adults with Anxiety and Mood Disorders: A Narrative Umbrella Review of Recent Meta-Analyses2019In: Canadian journal of psychiatry, ISSN 0706-7437, Vol. 64, no 7, p. 465-470Article, review/survey (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Internet-delivered cognitive behaviour therapy (ICBT) has existed for 20 years and there are now several controlled trials for a range of problems. In this paper, we focused on recent meta-analytic reviews of the literature and found moderate to large effects reported for panic disorder, social anxiety disorder, generalized anxiety disorder, posttraumatic stress disorder, and major depression. In total, we reviewed 9 recent meta-analytic reviews out of a total of 618 meta-analytic reviews identified using our search terms. In these selected reviews, 166 studies were included, including overlap in reviews on similar conditions. We also covered a recent review on transdiagnostic treatments and 2 reviews on face-to-face v. internet treatment. The growing number of meta-analytic reviews of studies now suggests that ICBT works and can be as effective as face-to-face therapy.

  • 2.
    Cuijpers, Pim
    et al.
    Vrije University of Amsterdam, Netherlands .
    Berking, Matthias
    Leuphana University, Germany .
    Andersson, Gerhard
    Linköping University, Department of Behavioural Sciences and Learning, Psychology. Linköping University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences.
    Quigley, Leanne
    University of Calgary, Canada .
    Kleiboer, Annet
    Vrije University of Amsterdam, Netherlands .
    Dobson, Keith S.
    University of Calgary, Canada .
    A Meta-Analysis of Cognitive-Behavioural Therapy for Adult Depression, Alone and in Comparison With Other Treatments2013In: Canadian journal of psychiatry, ISSN 0706-7437, Vol. 58, no 7, p. 376-385Article, review/survey (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Objective: No recent meta-analysis has examined the effects of cognitive-behavioural therapy (CBT) for adult depression. We decided to conduct such an updated meta-analysis. less thanbrgreater than less thanbrgreater thanMethods: Studies were identified through systematic searches in bibliographical databases (PubMed, PsycINFO, Embase, and the Cochrane library). We included studies examining the effects of CBT, compared with control groups, other psychotherapies, and pharmacotherapy. less thanbrgreater than less thanbrgreater thanResults: A total of 115 studies met inclusion criteria. The mean effect size (ES) of 94 comparisons from 75 studies of CBT and control groups was Hedges g = 0.71 (95% CI 0.62 to 0.79), which corresponds with a number needed to treat of 2.6. However, this may be an overestimation of the true ES as we found strong indications for publication bias (ES after adjustment for bias was g = 0.53), and because the ES of higher-quality studies was significantly lower (g = 0.53) than for lower-quality studies (g = 0.90). The difference between high-and low-quality studies remained significant after adjustment for other study characteristics in a multivariate meta-regression analysis. We did not find any indication that CBT was more or less effective than other psychotherapies or pharmacotherapy. Combined treatment was significantly more effective than pharmacotherapy alone (g = 0.49). less thanbrgreater than less thanbrgreater thanConclusions: There is no doubt that CBT is an effective treatment for adult depression, although the effects may have been overestimated until now. CBT is also the most studied psychotherapy for depression, and thus has the greatest weight of evidence. However, other treatments approach its overall efficacy.

  • 3.
    Holmqvist, Rolf
    Linköping University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences. Linköping University, Department of Behavioural Sciences and Learning.
    Staff feelings and patient diagnosis2000In: Canadian journal of psychiatry, ISSN 0706-7437, Vol. 45, no 4, p. 349-356Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Objective: To assess the associations between staff feelings toward patients and the patients' diagnoses, in view of the fact that clinical reports of such associations have not been corroborated by systematic research. Method: At 24 psychiatric units, 143 patients were assessed according to their personality organization, and staff feelings toward these patients were followed for 5 years. The feelings were reported on a feeling checklist twice yearly, and outcome was assessed as the effect size at year 5, using ratings on Kernberg's structural model complemented with ratings on Strauss-Carpenter's function scale. Results: The study showed that it was possible, using discriminant analyses, to separate diagnostic groups by the different feelings that they evoked in the staff: Patients with borderline personality organization (BPO) evoked fewer relaxed and more aggressive feelings, in contrast to patients with psychotic personality organization (PPO). In contrast to patients with neurotic personality organization (NPO), who evoked feelings of sympathy and helpfulness, PPO patients evoked more feelings of insufficiency and disappointment. A stepwise discriminant analysis of reactions to patients with positive treatment outcome separated the 3 personality organizations with 2 functions using only 2 feelings, "relaxed" and "objective. " The feeling relaxed separated the NPO patients from the BPO patients, and the feeling objective separated the PPO patients from the other groups. The patients' diagnoses accounted for larger proportions of variance in feelings for the patients with positive outcome. Conclusion: The results implied that the patients' different personality organizations evoked different staff feelings in this treatment context and that positive treatment outcome was associated with more pronounced and clear-cut staff reactions.

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