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  • 1.
    Abdi, Allan
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Political Science.
    Tunisiens tillfälliga övergångsregim 2011: En teorikonsumerande fallstudie av politiska aktörers betydelse för övergången till demokratiskt styre2018Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    According to The Economist Democracy Index, Tunisia was at 2.79 during 2010 and by the end of 2011 they had climbed up to 5.53. Therefore Tunisia entered a new category, called hybrid regime. This was a step closer to a more democratic regime. Rustow Dankwart, Shain Yossi and Linz J. Juan would say that the interim government and the political actors within it had a significant impact on Tunisias increase in democracy index. Therefore the aim of this study took the shape of a theory consuming case study. The purpose of the study was to analyze the political actors and the interim government importance during the Tunisian democratic transition, with the delimitation to the year 2011. The results firstly showed us the categorization hardliners within the authoritarian coalition in combination with radicals in the oppositional coalition. During the second interim government the categorization changes from hardliners to softliners. During the third, we see a glint of moderates within the opposition. Secondly, the results showed us that there is evidence of an opposition-led, power-sharing and incumbent-led caretaker regime in Tunisia. The study discusses two conclusions about political actors during the transition. Firstly, the importance of radicals within the opposition and secondly the importance of the authoritarian coalition changing from hardliners to softliners, which allowed the country to transition. Within the categorization of the interim government we have come to the conclusion that the opposition-led government played a significant role in the Tunisian transition.

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  • 2.
    Adibi Garakani, Sepideh
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Political Science.
    The response of the international community to genocide with a particular focus on the case of Myanmar2019Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (Two Years)), 20 credits / 30 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    The Myanmar crisis is generally known as a textbook example of systematic genocide where the Rohingya Muslims (and to a smaller extent, Rohingya Hindus) are systematically being persecuted by a radical suborder of Buddhism (Rakhine Buddhists, also known as the Maghs) under the leadership of Ashin Wirathu and the Myanmar military commanded by General Min Aung Hlaing. The aim of this thesis is to study the international response to cases of genocide and will include previous examples of genocide (Yugoslavia and Rwanda) in order to obtain a better understanding and to study the positive steps and short-comings of those past tribunals. This thesis will utilize both liberal and realist theories, as the former explains the establishment and role of responsible international organizations, while as the latter theory is better at explaining actions and responses at a state level. In addition, we will analyze the international bodies responsible for addressing the Myanmar genocide, the current status of the crisis, and target the reasons why the conflict has not ceased nor has the Myanmar government been held responsible.

  • 3.
    Adolfsson, Tim
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Political Science.
    Eriksson, Adam
    Den mediala diskursordningen i förändring: En jämförande kritisk diskursanalys av medias framställning av Sverigedemokraterna.2019Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    The Sweden democrats has for a long time been labelled as a racist party in swedish media. Due to the problems related to the members of the party in the 90s, where members were subject to criminal actions and racist scandals, the media had focus on the racist actions and labelled the party as a racist party therefore. How does the discourse present itself today? The purpose is to make a comparative study between the year 2014 and 2018/2019 and to research if the discourse surrounding the sweden democrats has changed during this time. Relevance for the study is how we discover, categorize and give the discourses names that helps us and also the reader to understand the process about how the media picture Sweden democrats. Our method is a comparative critical discourse analysis that we are going to use on articles published in the two largest newspapers in sweden, Aftonbladet and Expressen. We will locate the surrounding discourses from 2014 at first and then locate what kind of discourses is surrounding the party in 2018/2019. The main discourse from 2014 is the racist discourse, it´s present in nearly every article we analyse. With the racist discourse, the big difference is that the discourse is changing. When we look upon 2018/2019, new discourses take place, the new discourses we locate it’s the right populism-, scandal- and normalization discourse, the rasism discourse is still present but not so extensive as during 2014. During 2014 the racism discourse depends on the scandal discourse, this changes significant, the scandal discourse is no longer in 2018/2019 dependent on the racism discourse, but it acutally transforms into its own discourse. The focus on racism is almost gone and new scandals take place instead. In combination with the normalization discourse we can se that there has been a change, actually a big change in the media discourse surrounding the Sweden democrats.

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    Den mediala diskursordningen i förändring
  • 4.
    Akouri, Elie
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Political Science.
    Styrmodeller, etiska utmaningar och migrationspolitiska dilemman: En kritisk fallstudie om den syriska flyktingsituationen i Libanon, etiska begränsningar och internationell inblandning2019Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (Two Years)), 20 credits / 30 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    This paper is characterized as a critical case study aimed to scrutinize the continuous situation regarding Syrian refugees in Lebanon from an ethical theoretical approach. Mainly, two specific theoretical models regarding ethics in migration and a theoretical standpoint regarding ethics in migration are presented as the theoretical and scientific framework. Arash Abizadeh’s two models, known as the state sovereignty model and the liberal model are implemented in order to understand and to pinpoint the course of the Lebanese situation. Additional, Joseph Carens’ theory concerning ethics in migration is implemented parallel with the two models, to enhance the analytical tools and to introduce a normative perspective. Regarding the empirical result, three distinct perspectives are utilized in order to cope with the situation on a fair and nuanced ground. The Syrian refugees themselves, international involvement and the Lebanese government are presented as the empirical pathways throughout this paper.

    Concluding results of this paper tends to pinpoint uncertainty and unawareness to be the key factors in explaining the actions of the Lebanese government. Based on the theoretical framework presented in this paper, there is an established tendency to conclude that Syrian refugees has not been treated accordingly to ethical concepts. Because of the distinct ideal differences between the two theoretical models, the results tend to be more evident. The Lebanese government has initially tended to affiliate itself with the liberal model. However, as time has progressed the government has acted accordingly to the state sovereignty model, with not acknowledging ethical limitations in its decision making. While remaining in the grasp of the state sovereignty model, the government and the civil society has begun lighting sparks in actions that have been taken. These actions tend to recognize ethical limitations, thus moving Lebanon towards the liberal model, but far from being completely implemented. In summary, Lebanon’s situation has brought it to a tendency to conduct temporary policies in an increasingly permanent situation.

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  • 5.
    Al Hanota, Fbyana
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Political Science. Linköping University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences.
    Att undervisa om kontroversiella frågor: Hur kan lärare hantera komplexa frågor som kan väcka känslor och åsiktsskiljaktigheter?2022Independent thesis Advanced level (professional degree), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [sv]

    Med tanke på att samhället är i ständig förändring uppstår samtidigt nya frågor som i sin tur står i samklang med det som lärare i den svenska skolan behöver lyfta upp. I samband med det är syftet med denna uppsats att undersöka hur lärare hanterar kontroversiella samhällsfrågor i undervisningen, som till exempel genus, väpnade konflikter och rasism. Lärarnas förhållande till känsliga frågor och hanteringen av dessa har undersökts genom en semistrukturerad intervjustudie. I denna uppsats har således åtta gymnasielärare intervjuats där respondenterna fått besvara om hur de förhåller sig till problematiska frågor som kan skapa meningsskiljaktigheter i undervisningen. Uppsatsen visar därmed likheter och skillnader gällande lärarnas tillvägagångsätt och motiv bakom en undervisning präglad av ett problematiskt innehåll. Studien visar dessutom att några lärare önskar tydligare riktlinjer från exempelvis styrdokumenten för att förbättra sin undervisning. Samtidigt hävdar andra lärare att materialet som de har att tillgå för att undervisa om kontroversiella ämnesområden är tillräckliga. Vidare menar respondenterna att det kan uppstå svårigheter som kan skapa dilemman och utmaningar i arbetet med kontroversiella ämnesområden. Samtidigt menar lärarna att utmaningarna inte hindrar dem från att inkludera och problematisera kontroversiella ämnesområden i undervisningen. 

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  • 6.
    Al Taie, Salwan
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Political Science.
    The 2003 war on Iraq: Purposes and Motivations, An Analytical View2016Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (Two Years)), 20 credits / 30 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    The Iraqi war represents a form of coercive diplomacy between words and war in the enforcement of international norms and is considered as a new and old notion at the same time. This holds true ever since the days of the Desert Storm: the war waged to liberate Kuwait. This mechanism was launched in 1990 under the title of the war to liberate Iraq or the punitive war, the core idea of which would correspond to the purposes and motivations of the 2003 war. This study begins with a review of the literature, both for background information and for the identification of variables of the events and factors in this issue. This war is analysed in relation to the US objectives in the region when it comes to maintaining its interests, ensuring security for its allies and dominating the whole region.

    This study investigates the controversy surrounding the case of 2003 war on Iraq, which is embodied in the plural reasons for the war. The situation in Iraq is of course still a subject for debate, as the country has experienced a stalemate for some years now. The study focuses on one chosen central research question; What was the real reason behind that war? The methodological triangulation approach adopted is about using different research methods to complement one another, in order for the findings to have validity and credibility. Relying upon conceptual analysis, critical review of relevant literature and concepts, political discourses analysis and also on primary data in the form of interviews with Iraqi elite experts of intelligence service and weapons experts, including the former top administrators who are linked to this issue, this thesis provides both facts and opinions which could be used as qualitative data. The aim of the variegated sources and material used for this study is to exemplify contending perspectives on the subject under study.

    The findings of this study suggest that since the war lacks a strong moral base, it remains suspicious as a legitimate policy instrument to solve the problematic issue in Iraq. While the war came about during the reign of the Republicans and the foreign policy then adopted, as this study demonstrates, the repercussions are severe to this day. Coercive diplomacy can ultimately lead the region into enormous chaos, which may have dire consequences for the whole region, not only within Iraq.

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  • 7. Order onlineBuy this publication >>
    Algotson, Albin
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Political Science. Linköping University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences.
    Entreprenöriell förvaltning: Om den lokala utvecklingspolitikens förvaltningslogik2022Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    This thesis aims to deepen the understanding of entrepreneurship as an ideal and practice in local government administration. Organization, practices and the roles of civil servants in public administration are all grounded in certain ideals of what a modern public administration should look like. In order to capture the relationship between ideals and practices in local government administration, this introductory essay takes its point of departure in an institutional logic perspective.

    Entrepreneurial practices are well documented in a public administration context. Both civil servants and organizations can be more or less creative, alert and energetic, in other words more or less entrepreneurial. However, practices such as these are often understood to derive from the motives, driving forces and extraordinary characteristics of the specific actor. By contrast, this thesis aims to contribute to the literature on public administrative trends and reforms, by discussing entrepreneurship in terms of institutionalized ideals and patterns of action, i.e., institutional logics.

    The analysis is based on empirical studies of local development work in ten Swedish municipalities. The research design is grounded in an interpretative ethnographic approach and the development projects in each of the municipalities were closely followed for three years. Local development work is studied as a policy field where entrepreneurial ideals and practices are likely to arise, making it a suitable subject for studies that aim to deepen the theoretical understanding of entrepreneurship in a public administration context.

    The thesis demonstrates how an entrepreneurial logic is institutionalized in local government development work and embedded in governance and administrative practices as a natural consequence of certain contemporary reforms and trends in local policy and administration.Through ethnographic studies of local development work, the ideals and practices of the entrepreneurial logic are made visible. The entrepreneurial logic is contrasted to the still prevalent and institutionalized bureaucratic- rational administrative logic. These two logics are in many respects the logical opposite of one another and provide different answers to the question of which administrative practices are appropriate.

    The thesis makes three contributions to different theoretical discussions. First, the clarification of the entrepreneurial logic helps both researchers and practitioners make sense of and bring conceptual order to the messy practices of local development work.

    Second, the entrepreneurial logic expands the concept of entrepreneurship in a public sector context by viewing entrepreneurship as an institutional phenomenon rather than a phenomenon that represents a break from traditional institutions.

    Third, the entrepreneurial logic sheds light on institutionalized administrative ideals and practices that potentially imply major changes in public administration legitimacy, values and norms.

    List of papers
    1. The legitimacy of political entrepreneurs in networks: lessons from local development projects in swedish municipalities
    Open this publication in new window or tab >>The legitimacy of political entrepreneurs in networks: lessons from local development projects in swedish municipalities
    2018 (English)In: Governance and political entrepreneurship in Europe: promoting growth and welfare in times of crisis / [ed] Charlie Karlsson, Charlotte Silander, Daniel Silander, Cheltenham, UK: Edward Elgar Publishing, 2018, 1, p. 229-253Chapter in book (Other academic)
    Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
    Cheltenham, UK: Edward Elgar Publishing, 2018 Edition: 1
    Keywords
    political entrepreneurship, legitimacy, network governance, Politiskt entreprenörskap, Kommuner, Sverige
    National Category
    Public Administration Studies
    Identifiers
    urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-150154 (URN)9781788112758 (ISBN)
    Available from: 2018-08-14 Created: 2018-08-14 Last updated: 2022-04-04Bibliographically approved
    2. Legitimacy of uncertain policy work: Exploring values in local economic development projects
    Open this publication in new window or tab >>Legitimacy of uncertain policy work: Exploring values in local economic development projects
    2020 (English)In: Local Economy, ISSN 0269-0942, E-ISSN 1470-9325, Vol. 35, no 5, p. 440-459Article in journal (Refereed) Published
    Abstract [en]

    This article takes the standpoint that, due to high levels of uncertainty, local economic development work suffers from both input- and output-based legitimacy. Nevertheless, local governments are active development agents and try to come up with economic development initiatives. In order to better understand the legitimate basis for uncertain economic development work, this article offers an unconventional analysis of economic development projects. Drawing on scholars of organization theory, legitimacy is defined as congruence in values between the studied projects and the stakeholders in the surrounding environment. The article examines what kinds of values pervade local governments’ economic development projects. The empirical material is based on thick interview and observation data derived from a study of eight local development projects in Sweden. The results show that values of professionalization and deliberation pervade the analysed projects. Taking the two sets of values together, the results indicate that local government administration seeks to legitimize its economic development work as being based on professional directed processes of public deliberation. Both these sets of values challenge the local representative democratic system of government as the prime source of the legitimacy of local governments’ interventions.

    Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
    Sage Publications, 2020
    Keywords
    legitimacy, local economic development, local government, policymaking, values
    National Category
    Public Administration Studies
    Identifiers
    urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-168968 (URN)10.1177/0269094220953199 (DOI)000565900800001 ()2-s2.0-85090207281 (Scopus ID)
    Available from: 2020-09-04 Created: 2020-09-04 Last updated: 2022-10-28Bibliographically approved
    3. Understanding Political Entrepreneurship in Local Government Administration: a Contextual Framework
    Open this publication in new window or tab >>Understanding Political Entrepreneurship in Local Government Administration: a Contextual Framework
    2019 (English)In: Lex Localis, ISSN 1581-5374, E-ISSN 1855-363X, Vol. 17, no 3, p. 643-658Article in journal (Refereed) Published
    Abstract [en]

    It has been argued that political entrepreneurship is playing an increased role for public organizations and play a vital role in local government organizations. Political entrepreneurship has previously been studied from the motivations and actions of the individual entrepreneur. We argue that in order to understand why political entrepreneurship occurs in local public administration, these aspects are not enough. Instead, we need to consider entrepreneurship as situated, and analyse contextual conditions which form institutional demands for political entrepreneurship. A tentative framework is presented, which distinguish conditions coming from reformed organizational setting and conditions coming from new policy challenges. Finally, we conclude that the character of the conditions and thus the institutional demands directs political entrepreneurship towards either value-generative or collaborative entrepreneurship.

    Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
    Maribor: Institute for Local Self-Government Maribor, 2019
    Keywords
    political entrepreneurship, local government, public administrators, institutional demands, situated agency
    National Category
    Public Administration Studies
    Identifiers
    urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-159526 (URN)10.4335/17.3.643-658(2019) (DOI)000477968600012 ()
    Available from: 2019-08-12 Created: 2019-08-12 Last updated: 2021-12-20
    4. Conceptualizing local development practitioners: creators, coordinators or inside lobbyists?
    Open this publication in new window or tab >>Conceptualizing local development practitioners: creators, coordinators or inside lobbyists?
    2021 (English)In: Urban Governance, ISSN 2664-3286, Vol. 1, no 1, p. 30-37Article in journal (Refereed) Published
    Abstract [en]

    Local development practitioners in local government administration play a significant role in the governance of local development. This category of public officials – development officers, managers, strategists, secretaries, etc. – have received some attention in the local development literature. However, the directions in the literature are just as varied as the descriptions of the different aspects of local development governance they are taking part in. That means that the overarching understanding of what local development practitioners actually do is blurred, and is left to detailed case studies with very little or no conceptual ambition. Against this backdrop, the ambition of this article is to grasp what the local development practitioner role consists of at a conceptual level.

    This article offers a better understanding of what local development practitioner roles in particular consist of and how these roles relate to existing theories of governance and public administration. In order to do so, we first clarify and refine what the literature has stressed about local development practitioners’ roles and functions, and cluster the findings into three theoretically separated roles: the coordinator, the creator and the inside lobbyist. Second, we bridge these roles with recent trends in public administration research. Finally, we discuss how this conceptualization informs us about governance modes of local development, as well as ‘new and modern’ public official roles in local government administration.

    Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
    Elsevier, 2021
    National Category
    Public Administration Studies
    Identifiers
    urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-181945 (URN)10.1016/j.ugj.2021.10.002 (DOI)
    Available from: 2021-12-20 Created: 2021-12-20 Last updated: 2022-09-28Bibliographically approved
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  • 8.
    Algotson, Albin
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Political Science. Linköping University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences.
    Ekholm, David
    Linköping University, Department of Culture and Society, Division of Social Work. Linköping University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences. Linköping University, Department of Culture and Society, Centre for Local Government Studies.
    Kommunal styrning av folkhälsoarbete: I spänningsfältet mellan operativt och strategiskt arbete2024Report (Other academic)
    Abstract [sv]

    Denna rapport handlar om villkor och förutsättningar för folkhälsoarbete i svenska kommuner. Kommunernas roll i folkhälsopolitiken är komplex, föränderlig och saknar tydlig reglering. Samtidigt som rollen är oklar, ansvarar kommunerna för mycket av det som påverkar befolkningens hälsa, såsom skola och utbildning, sociala verksamheter, fritid och stadsplanering. Dessutom möter Sveriges kommuner idag ökade förväntningar när det kommer till att hantera en tilltagande ojämlikhet i hälsa bland barn och unga. I rapporten undersöks de institutionella och organisatoriska villkor som påverkar kommunernas folkhälsoarbete genom en fallstudie av Generation Peps pilotprojekt Pep Kommun.

    Pep Kommun är ett pilotprojekt initierat av Generation Pep, en icke-vinstdrivande organisation. Pilotprojektet syftar till att utveckla och testa insatser för att främja barns och ungas hälsa i sex kommuner. Genom fokusgruppsintervjuer med deltagare från de sex deltagande kommunerna nås en djupare förståelse för de spänningar och ibland skiftande logiker som formar villkoren för hur lokalt folkhälsoarbete kan bedrivas.

    Rapporten visar på en klyfta mellan det strategiska, kommunövergripande arbetet som Pep Kommun haft för ambition att utveckla, och det operativa arbetet med framförallt barn och unga som bedrivs inom ramen för kommunernas välfärdsarbete med skola, fritid och social verksamhet. Framför allt identifieras utmaningar i att implementera och utveckla lokala arbetsformer för folkhälsoarbete i relation till den sektoriserade förvaltningen. Denna utmaning förstås som en spänning mellan den traditionella och sektoriserade välfärdspolitiken visavi den tvärsektoriella folkhälsopolitiken.

    Resultaten innebär inte att tvärsektoriellt och strategiskt folkhälsoarbete är helt skilt ifrån det sektoriserade välfärdsarbetet. Men det innebär att olika delar av kommunal verksamhet med bäring på barn och ungas hälsa vilar på olika traditioner, olika former för styrning, olika professionell kunskap liksom skilda organisatoriska och politiska kontexter. Detta behöver hanteras för att ett tvärsektoriellt och kommungemensamt folkhälsoarbete ska kunna utvecklas.

    Avslutningsvis diskuteras behovet av att förstå den lokala kontexten som en dynamisk spelplan liksom vikten av att hantera förändring istället för att etablera en fixerad ordning för lokalt folkhälsoarbete. Vi menar också att det krävs ett kontinuerligt arbete att skapa klarhet kring vad kommunerna vill med sitt folkhälsoarbete (exempelvis i form av medverkan i Pep Kommun). Därtill menar vi att en större konceptuell klarhet kring vad kommunalt folkhälsoarbete är och förväntas vara måste utvecklas i dialog mellan statliga myndigheter, regioner och kommuner.

    Sammanfattningsvis bidrar rapporten med kunskap om villkor och förutsättning för folkhälsoarbete på kommunal nivå genom att peka på centrala institutionella och organisatoriska spänningar. Samtidigt pekar rapporten på att det finns ett stort behov av att fortsatt – i framtida praktiknära forskning – utveckla förståelsen för lokalt folkhälsoarbete genom att integrera kunskap om interventioner och medicinska aspekter av hälsa, med kontextuell och implementeringsinriktad kunskap om folkhälsoarbetets kommunala styrning och organisering.

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  • 9.
    Algotson, Albin
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Political Science. Linköping University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences. Linköping University, Department of Culture and Society, Centre for Local Government Studies.
    Svensson, Petra
    Halmstad University, Halmstad, Sweden.
    Conceptualizing local development practitioners: creators, coordinators or inside lobbyists?2021In: Urban Governance, ISSN 2664-3286, Vol. 1, no 1, p. 30-37Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Local development practitioners in local government administration play a significant role in the governance of local development. This category of public officials – development officers, managers, strategists, secretaries, etc. – have received some attention in the local development literature. However, the directions in the literature are just as varied as the descriptions of the different aspects of local development governance they are taking part in. That means that the overarching understanding of what local development practitioners actually do is blurred, and is left to detailed case studies with very little or no conceptual ambition. Against this backdrop, the ambition of this article is to grasp what the local development practitioner role consists of at a conceptual level.

    This article offers a better understanding of what local development practitioner roles in particular consist of and how these roles relate to existing theories of governance and public administration. In order to do so, we first clarify and refine what the literature has stressed about local development practitioners’ roles and functions, and cluster the findings into three theoretically separated roles: the coordinator, the creator and the inside lobbyist. Second, we bridge these roles with recent trends in public administration research. Finally, we discuss how this conceptualization informs us about governance modes of local development, as well as ‘new and modern’ public official roles in local government administration.

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  • 10.
    Andersson, Annika
    et al.
    Örebro universitet.
    Hedström, Karin
    Örebro universitet.
    Moll, Jonas
    Örebro universitet.
    Mårtensson, Maria
    Linnéuniversitetet.
    Siegert, Steffi
    Linnéuniversitetet.
    Sommar, Carl-Johan
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Political Science. Linköping University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences.
    Ledarskap för ett hållbart arbetsliv: Teknikstrategier och arbetslivets gränser2023Report (Other academic)
    Abstract [sv]

    Användning av allt mindre mobiler och mer lättflyttade datorer gör att gränsen mellan vårt hem och vårt arbete gradvis suddas ut. Användandet av digital teknik möjliggör för skolor att finnas på flera platser, en utveckling som tydliggjorts under pandemin. Sociala medier har för många skolanställda blivit en naturlig del både i det pedagogiska arbetet och i den dagliga kontakten med varandra, elever och vårdnadshavare. Hur skolan formeras i en digital verklighet är därför en nyckelfråga för framtiden.

    För att bidra till en bättre förståelse för digitaliseringens påverkan på arbetslivet och arbetsmiljön har vi genomfört ett forskningsprojekt med titel ”Ledarskap för ett hållbart digitalt arbetsliv: Teknikstrategier och arbetslivets gränser”. Projektet har finansierats av AFA Försäkring inom deras FoU-program “Digitaliseringens effekter på arbetsmiljön”.

    Projektets syfte har varit att analysera hur styrning och ledarskap kan utformas i skolan för att tillvarata nyttan hos sociala medier och samtidigt skapa en hållbar digital arbetsmiljö för medarbetare och chefer.

    Våra resultat bygger på ett omfattande empiriskt intervjumaterial, och ett mindre antal enkäter. Vi kan i våra resultat se att samtliga aktörer som är engagerade i skolan behöver diskutera hur man vill och bör använda sociala medier. I vissa fall kan det behövas en tydligare styrning, i andra fall kan det vara tillräckligt med en mjukare styrning med tydligt uttryckta förväntningar och levande diskussioner om hur man som lärare och skolledare ska förhålla sig till sociala medier. Sammantaget tecknas en bild där användandet av sociala medier inte bara suddar ut gränslinjerna mellan det privata och det offentliga, utan också utvidgar gränserna för den egna yrkesrollen. Berättelserna vi har fångat från olika aktörer visar på komplexiteten och svårigheten att styra sociala medier som befinner sig mellan privatlivet och arbetslivet. Vi måste därför förändra hur vi förstår skolan och skolans roll i en digital verklighet. Resultaten har spridits genom vetenskapliga artiklar, populärvetenskapliga artiklar i media och tidskrifter, samt genom möten med intressenter.

  • 11.
    Andersson, Annika
    et al.
    Örebro Universitet.
    Hedström, Karin
    Örebro Universitet.
    Siegert, Steffi
    Södertörns högskola.
    Sommar, Carl-Johan
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Political Science. Linköping University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences.
    Teachers Falling off the Cliff Affordances and Constraints of Social Media in School2021In: Proceedings of the 54th Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences: January 4-8, 2021 / [ed] Tung X. Bui, Honolulu, 2021, p. 2995-3004Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    In a digitalized society our work environment is highly integrated with our home environment making work boundless both in terms of time and space. The digital work environment risks increased stress. Based on a case study in Swedish schools we investigate how teachers experience the use of social media for work-related purposes. We do so by using the Technology Affordance and Constraints Theory to capture the affordances as well as constraints of this use. Findings show that affordances of social media in schools were increased opportunities for learning, transparency and community building. Constraints were distractions from learning, increased isolation, stress and, above all, lack of guidance in how and when to use social media. We end the paper arguing that lack of policies and guidelines governing the use of social media at work is risking an increase in boundary blurring and potentially more stress.

  • 12.
    Andersson, Fredrik
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Political Science.
    Åhlander, Pia
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Political Science.
    Tillbaka till framtiden: Fyra scenarier för EU:s framtid efter eurokrisen2011Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    The starting point of this study is theories of European integration, which are used to formulate different scenarios about the future of the European Union. This is made in regards to the eurocrisis which has intensified the discussion about how to change the construction of the euro to overcome the economic difficulties that has arisen. In this study, four different scenarios are presented: "An updated Europe", "A new Europe", "The death of the euro" and "Goodbye Greece". The first two scenarios takes its starting point in the neofunctionalist theory of European integration and describes how the EU might increase its level of integration in different ways. We can either see a development where the EU tries to improve the implementation of the rules that are meant to coordinate the member states’ economic policy, or we might encounter a more advanced integration where fiscal policy competences are transferred to the EU-level.

    The latter scenarios, however, takes another theory in to account, liberal intergovernmentalism, and describes how the eurozone might be fragmented in different ways due to conflicts of interest between lenders and countries that has to receive loan-packages. In the third scenario the euro stands in front of a collapse. This is connected to a situation where Spain, which is one of the largest economies in the EU, is starting to have similar problems as countries like Grecce, Ireland and Portugal. The fourth scenario describes a more ordered progress where Grecce, as part of a joint decision with the other EU-members, decides to abolish the euro as their currency. This is a way for the EU to reduce its economic burden, in the same time as Greece are given an opportunity to use an independent monetary policy to cope with their problematic situation.

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    Tillbaka till framtiden
  • 13.
    Andersson, Jonas
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Political Science.
    Oikofobi i svensk kulturarvspolitik: En kvalitativ textanalys av Sveriges första kulturarvsproposition2018Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    In May 2017 Sweden’s first cultural heritage bill was approved by Sveriges riksdag, Sweden’s national legislature. Before being approved of, the bill had received a great amount of attention in the public debate from different parties like the media, the civil society and the political parties. The cultural heritage bill is unique since it is the first time in Swedish history that cultural heritage policy has been presented through a separate bill by the government, instead of being part of a bigger cultural bill. This study will examine the bill closer with the help of the British philosopher Roger Scruton’s concept oikophobia. Examination is relevant because of the public debate surrounding the bill and because of the fact that oikophobia concerns inheritance and home. The aim of this study is more precisely to examine Sweden’s first cultural heritage bill through a qualitative text analysis in order to see if the bill is to be considered oikophobic. To accomplish the study, oikophobia as a concept is operationalized to be used as an analysis tool when analysing the empirical material in form of the cultural heritage bill. The results of the study show that the cultural heritage bill is to be considered oikophobic. It is considered oikophobic mainly because of its relativizing attitude towards the own cultural heritage and the own nation.

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    Oikofobi i svensk kulturarvspolitik
  • 14.
    Andersson, Sanna
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Political Science.
    Rage Abukar, Dirie
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Political Science.
    Kvinnors politiska representation i postsovjetiska republiker2018Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    The purpose of this essay is to analyse and systematically describe the spatial variance of women's political representation in national parliaments of post-Soviet republics. The study aims to explain the spatial variance through scrutinizing theoretical explanation factors of women's political representation. The main question that this study revolves around is:

     

    1. How can the spatial variance of women's political representation in national parliaments of post-Soviet states be explained?

     

    The essay uses a statistical and comparative method to answer the question. The study is of a quantitative nature and uses both an explorative and a descriptive approach. The statistical analysis used in this study is bivariate analysis and linear regression analysis.

     

    The result indicates that there is a great variance in the number of female parliamentarians between the post-Soviet countries. It is slightly higher for the group of post-Soviet countries located within Europe. The result implies that traditional theoretical explanation models cannot entirely be adapted to post-Soviet republics. In this study we found positive correlation between the number of female parliamentarians and majority electoral system and social-economic development. Furthermore, negative correlation was found between gender quotas and democratic level.

  • 15.
    Andreas, Bergh
    et al.
    Lunds universitet, Lund, Sweden.
    Erlingsson, Gissur Ó
    Linköping University, Department for Studies of Social Change and Culture, Centre for Municipality Studies – CKS. Linköping University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences.
    Öhrvall, Richard
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Political Science. Linköping University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences.
    Korruption i Sverige har underskattats2018In: Ekonomisk Debatt, ISSN 0345-2646, Vol. 46, no 2, p. 63-65Article in journal (Other (popular science, discussion, etc.))
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    fulltext
  • 16.
    Andreassen, Felicia
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Political Science.
    Demokrati i gråzonen?: En demokratiteoretisk värdering av överenskommelsen mellan staten och Sveriges Kommuner och Regioner (SKR) om förlossningsvård och kvinnors hälsa 2023.2023Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (Two Years)), 20 credits / 30 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    The relationship between the Swedish government and the Swedish Association of Local Authorities and Regions (SALAR) has sparked debates, particularly regarding the agreements established in the healthcare sector. These agreements strive to ensure national equivalence while allowing municipal influence in governance. However, the agreements entail closed negotiations and bestow decision-making authority upon SALAR – a non-public employers' and interest organization funded by tax money – representing the municipalities. Despite their significance, limited research has explored the utilization and repercussions of these agreements, especially concerning their democratic implications. This knowledge gap is striking given the regional authorities' substantial management of tax revenues and primary responsibility for healthcare, as regional democracy has received scant attention in political science research and society.

    Therefore, this thesis aims to bridge this gap by mapping and evaluating the democratic legitimacy of the agreement development process between the government and SALAR. The focus of analysis is on the 2023 agreement relating to maternity care and women's health. The empirical material includes accessible documents, as well as interviews with individuals knowledgeable about the decision-making process and those anticipated to have gained insights.

    Through reconstructing the decision-making process and employing two contrasting democratic ideals – the traditional representative model and the network-based multi-actor model – this study uncovers the challenges encountered in upholding these ideals during the agreement development. Notably, the democratic values of accountability, openness, and transparency were significantly compromised. Therefore, the decision-making process can be assessed as lacking full democratic legitimacy.

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    fulltext
  • 17. Order onlineBuy this publication >>
    Andréasson, Ester
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Political Science. Linköping University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences.
    ”Det är väldigt mycket datoriserat är det.” – En studie om IT-utveckling i ett landsting: policy, implementering och praktik2011Licentiate thesis, monograph (Other academic)
    Abstract [sv]

    Den ökade användningen av informationsteknik (IT) är en av flera förändringsprocesser i den offentliga sektorn idag. Användningen är nära kopplad till positiva föreställningar om de möjligheter IT-användningen ger för att kunna modernisera och effektivisera verksamhet. I de offentliga organisationerna råder ofta en starkt teknikpositiv diskurs. IT-utveckling ses som viktig och nödvändig och sker många gånger relativt politiskt oreflekterat.

    I de processer som äger rum när nya IT-system upphandlas och implementeras i offentliga organisationer samlas flera olika slag av aktörer, såväl offentliga som privata. I denna licentiatuppsats undersöks vilka aktörer som har makt i dessa förändringsprocesser kopplade till IT i den offentliga sektorn.

    Mer precist sker denna undersökning genom en fallstudie i ett svenskt landsting, där processerna kring införandet av ett nytt vårdinformationssystem har studerats. Studierna har skett genom dokumentstudier, observationer av olika slag samt flertalet intervjuer med tjänstemän och vårdpersonal. De empiriska resultaten analyseras i uppsatsen med hjälp av teorier kring policy, implementering samt teknik och organisation.

    Licentiatuppsatsen bidrar till forskningen om e-förvaltning såväl empiriskt som teoretiskt. Dess viktigaste empiriska bidrag är två. För det första har införandet av nya IT-system omfattande betydelse för organisering i offentliga organisationer. För det andra indikerar uppsatsens resultat att införandet av ny teknik i offentliga organisationer kan bidra till att sudda ut gränsen mellan det offentliga och det privata. Uppsatsens teoretiska bidrag sammanfattas i den analysmodell som presenteras, och som ger möjlighet att betrakta och analysera policy-, implementerings- och praktikprocesser rörande IT-utveckling i offentliga organisationer som integrerade sådana.

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    ”Det är väldigt mycket datoriserat är det”: En studie om IT-utveckling i ett landsting: Policy, implementering och praktik
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  • 18. Order onlineBuy this publication >>
    Andréasson, Ester
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Political Science. Linköping University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences.
    Digitalisering i den offentliga förvaltningen: IT, värden och legitimitet2015Doctoral thesis, monograph (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    We live in a society where the importance of digitalisation grows in every day life as well as in the workplace. In this dissertation the development of the digitalisation of public administration is studied – this development is usually referred to as egovernment. The main focus of the analysis in this dissertation is to gain a better understanding of the meanings of values in these digitalisation processes in public organisations. Three qualitative, interpretative case studies make up the foundation for this analysis. The first case is an analysis of Swedish e-government policies. The two other cases focus on organisational practices in public administration; the County Council of Östergötland and the Swedish Social Insurance Agency. These case studies have been based on interviews, document studies and observations. Theoretically the analyses of the dissertation build on theories of public values, legitimacy and the interplay between organisation and technology. The analyses show which values are given importance in digitalisation processes and how digitalisation can affect basic democratic values in public organisations. The results of the dissertation can be summarised in three comprehensive conclusions: 1) The digitalisation of the public administration is context dependent and takes place in an interplay between technology, policy and administration and the specific values which constitute these different domains. 2) The development towards e-government comprises a multitude of values, and is inspired and shaped by different sets of values. 3) The digitalisation can influence the role of the democratic values in public organisations, and therefore affect the legitimacy of the public administration. The main contribution of this dissertation is a deeper understanding of what implications e-government reforms can have for the administrations democratic values and its legitimacy. Processes of digitalisation are not value neutral, but are booth shaped by and shape values in the interplay between technology, political goals and the administrations particular organisational forms. Hereby, awareness of the values of digitalisation becomes crucial when e-government reforms are initiated and carried out. Further research on how technology and public organisations shape each other can contribute to uphold the legitimacy of public administration in a digitalised world.

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  • 19.
    Andréasson, Ester
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Political Science. Linköping University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences.
    E-förvaltning i Sverige – frågor om makt och legitimitet2014Conference paper (Other academic)
  • 20.
    Andréasson, Ester
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Political Science. Linköping University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences.
    E-government in Swedish healthcare – policy, implementation and practice2013Conference paper (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    E-government is an area under strong development and the Swedish public administration is not an exception in that respect. There is a whole chain of processes connected with introduction of new technologies in public organizations – from policy decisions, to implementation and thereafter every day-practice. Political scientists are often interested in policy and implementation, but more seldom about how technology and organization interacts with each other. In this paper, I will argue for that we – in order to be able to study the introduction of new technology in public organizations – need to use theoretical concepts concerning all three areas of policy, implementation and practice, and also acknowledge the fact that they are linked together. Illustrating this theoretical discussion, results from a case study in a Swedish health care organization are used. The analysis concerns how e-government is constructed through the processes of policy, implementation and practice in the specific case. The overall conclusions are that the construction of e-government, from national policies to the everyday use of ICT systems, takes place in several steps and that the framework presented in this paper can guide us in the understanding of these construction processes.  

  • 21.
    Andréasson, Ester
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Political Science . Linköping University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences.
    Förändring, organisering och makt –en studie av teknikens roll i en lokal offentlig organisation2010Conference paper (Other academic)
    Abstract [sv]

    Papperet utgör ett första utkast till slutsatskapitel i min licentiatavhandling. I papperet ges även en kort presentation av licentiatavhandlingens övriga delar.

     

    Det empiriska material som ligger till grund för licentiatavhandlingens analys utgörs av en fallstudie av införandet av ett integrerat IT-system i ett svenskt landsting. Genom en rik empirisk beskrivning av detta strategiskt utvalda fall och en analys av empirin utifrån teorier kring implementering och strukturering har kunskap och förståelse för samspelet mellan teknik och organisation i en offentlig vårdorganisation utvecklats.

     

    I papperet presenteras avhandlingens slutsatser samlade under tre kritiska teman som har identifierats i den studerade processen. Dessa rör spänningen mellan värderingar i den privata och offentliga sektorn, synen på tekniken som en aktör möjlig att känna tillit till samt interaktionen mellan sociala och tekniska system.

     

    Ett av licentiatavhandlingens bidrag är att den dragit fram en i statsvetenskapliga sammanhang ofta dold aktör –tekniken– och därmed visat på teknikens betydelsefulla roll i offentlig verksamhet. Avhandlingen har också bidragit med ett konkret exempel på hur gränserna mellan privat och offentlig sektor suddas ut i informationssamhället, och vilka konsekvenser detta får för organisering och arbetsvardag i en lokal offentlig organisation.

  • 22.
    Andréasson, Ester
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Political Science. Linköping University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences.
    IT-utveckling i offentlig sektor - privat och offentligt vävs samman2013In: När förvaltning blir business: marknadiseringens utmaningar för demokratin och välfärdsstaten / [ed] Linda Rönnberg, Urban Strandberg, Elin Wihlborg och Ulrika Winblad, Linköping: Linköping University Electronic Press, 2013, p. 97-115Chapter in book (Other academic)
    Abstract [sv]

    Att företag bedriver vård, omsorg och andra verksamheter på det offentligas uppdrag är idag en del av vår vardag. Den svenska förvaltningen har förändrats och blivit alltmer business. I den här boken väcker forskare från nio svenska lärosäten frågor och uppmuntrar till fortsatt diskussion på detta tema. Antologins kapitel tar upp vad det enskilda vinstintresset, konkurrensutsättning och privatisering betyder för den svenska demokratin och förvaltningsmodellen. Hur står det till med politikens möjligheter till styrning? Vad händer med synen på medborgarskapet? Finns det till exempel vinnare och förlorare? Finns det en framtid för förvaltningen som business?

  • 23.
    Andréasson, Ester
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Political Science . Linköping University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences.
    Social entrepreneurship in development of e-government –how new challenges to local government blurs the line between public and private sectors2009In: Uddevalla Symposium 2009 -The Geography of Innovation and Entrepreneurship / [ed] Bernhard, Iréne, Trollhättan: University West , 2009, p. 43-65Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    A growing number of areas in our lives are nowadays integrated with ICT solutions of different kinds. Therefore, there is an increased expectation on public authorities to make information and service more available through ICT. The transformation of public administration into e-administration is a major challenge to local government.  

     

    In 2008 the Swedish government launched a comprehensive policy on e-government. The policy aims to develop a modern public e-administration making it “as simple as possible for as many as possible”. In spite of the local and regional autonomy in Sweden, most authorities relate to this policy. Furthermore, e-administration systems are often developed by private firms in close collaboration with the central administration of the public authority. However, private and public organisations operate from different aims and logics, which are not always compatible.

     

    General theories on implementation indicate that implementation processes require that someone actively carries out the idea and acts as a driving force within the public administration. I will argue that those who do so can be seen as social entrepreneurs, since they promote and internalize new policies and their practical implications in the organisation.

     

    The aim of the paper is to analyse the implementation of an innovation in public health care administration, by focusing on the social entrepreneurs who combine the public and private spheres of an organisation.

     

    In the case study the social entrepreneurs appear to be crucial for the implementation process. They believe in the advantages of the innovation, they make the innovation and usability of it meaningful for others in the public administration, and by using different tools they make sure that it becomes properly introduced. In our case, the central administrators are important in bringing together technical and social demands as well as private and public spheres.

  • 24.
    Andréasson, Ester
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Political Science. Linköping University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences.
    Utvecklingen av e-legitimationer i Sverige: – en studie av det privata och det offentligas roller2011Conference paper (Other academic)
    Abstract [sv]

    Detta papper är framförallt ett empiriskt explorativt sådant, som behandlar en pågående utvecklingsprocess i offentlig förvaltning.

    Idag samverkar ofta både privata och offentliga aktörer i formande och verkställande av offentlig policy. Exempel på policyområden där detta är vanligt förekommande är skola, äldreomsorg och primärvård. Jag argumenterar i detta papper för att även IT-utveckling i offentlig sektor – e-förvaltning – är ett sådant område där gränserna mellan privat och offentligt suddas ut allt mer.

    I papperet undersöks ett specifikt empiriskt område inom e-förvaltningen – utvecklingen kring en ny struktur för e-legitimationer i Sverige. Denna analyseras med hjälp av Lennart J. Lundqvists privatiseringsmatris, som här används som ett verktyg för att för att åskådliggöra och diskutera hur olika förslag till organisering av infrastruktur för e-legitimationer i Sverige innebär olika former av samspel mellan privata och offentliga organisationer.

    Papperet avslutas med att fyra olika förslag till framtida forskningsinriktningar kring det aktuella forskningsområdet presenteras.

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    Utvecklingen av e-legitimationer i Sverige – en studie av det privata och det offentligas roller
  • 25.
    Andréasson, Ester
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Political Science . Linköping University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences.
    Visionen om säkerhet, tillgänglighet och effektivitet - förhoppningar knutna till implementeringen av journalsystemet Cosmic2009Conference paper (Other academic)
    Abstract [sv]

    Utvecklingen av svensk e-förvaltning befinner sig i en intensiv fas, där regeringens uttalade målsättning är en modern e-förvaltning, som gör det ”så enkelt som möjligt för så många som möjligt”. Regeringen argumenterar för att den offentliga förvaltningen har ett särskilt ansvar för att stödja och/eller leda utvecklingen på IT-området. Arbetssättet inom offentlig sektor ska också förändras för att full nytta ska kunna fås av de nya IT-systemen. Att på detta sätt försöka leva upp till de förväntningar (som förvaltningen upplever att) allmänheten har kan ses som en strategi för att skapa eller bevara tillit till offentlig sektor. Det är centralt när utvecklingen mot e-förvaltning pågår att det finns en tillit för de nya IT-lösningarna, både på olika nivåer inom myndigheterna och hos allmänheten.

     

    Föreliggande paper undersöker IT-utvecklingen inom offentlig sektor genom att studera ett lokalt exempel; införandet av det elektroniska journalsystemet Cosmic i ett svenskt landsting. Landsting är den regionala politiska nivån i Sverige, som bland annat har ansvar för sjukvård. Den övergripande fråga som detta paper vill besvara är:

    • Hur konstrueras och tolkas tillit när ett nytt informationssystem införs i en stor offentlig organisation?

    Analysen fokuserar på de bilder av Cosmic som landstinget respektive bevakningen i media förmedlar för att synliggöra sambanden mellan tillit och visionen om säkerhet, tillgänglighet och effektivitet.

     

    Inledningsvis analyseras den nationella diskursen kring IT i offentlig sektor. Därefter analyseras hur landstinget beskriver och presenterar det nya journalsystemet. Detta görs genom studier av landstingets egna projektdokument, budgetar och hemsidetexter. De nyckelord som landstinget framhäver i samband med införandet av Cosmic är ”säkerhet”, ”tillgänglighet” och ”effektivitet”. Den tredje och sista delanalysen behandlar den relativt omfattande bevakning som Cosmic varit föremål för i lokal media.

     

    Slutligen jämförs de två olika bilder som landstinget respektive media ger av Cosmic. Klyftan mellan dessa bilder beskrivs och analyseras utifrån teoretiska begrepp kring tillit och sociotekniska system. Analysen landar i slutsatsen att tillit konstrueras och tolkas på vitt skilda sätt inom olika delar av landstinget. Fallet Cosmic pekar på att det finns flera olika sätt att förstå utvecklingen mot e-förvaltning på inom en och samma organisation, vilket i sin tur bör beaktas vid införandet av nya informationssystem i offentliga organisationer. 

  • 26.
    Andréasson, Ester
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Political Science . Linköping University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences.
    Visionen realiserad? -När nationell politik möter lokal praktik2009Conference paper (Other academic)
    Abstract [sv]

    Utvecklingen av e-förvaltning i Sverige befinner sig i en intensiv fas. I detta papper analyseras implementeringsprocessen från nationell diskurs (kring IKT-utveckling i offentlig sektor) till lokal praktik (i en offentlig vårdorganisation). Fokus ligger på att förstå hur lokal policy kring e-förvaltning uppstår.    

     

    Den nationella diskursen på e-förvaltningsområdet harmoniserar inte nödvändigtvis med den lokala. I lokal implementering av nationell policy tolkas, utvecklas och förändras de centrala visionerna. Detta sker i samverkansprocesser i nätverk av aktörer, som befinner sig såväl i som utanför den offentliga sektorn. Syftet med detta papper är att analysera betydelsen av lokal kunskap när en policy skapas i mötet mellan nationell politik och lokal praktik.

     

    De empiriska resultat som presenteras i papperet härrör från en studie av ett lokalt exempel: införandet av det elektroniska journalsystemet Cosmic i ett svenskt landsting.

     

    De preliminära slutsatserna är att lokal kunskap är betydelsefullt i utvecklingen av lokal policy, och avgörande för hur den nationella diskursen tolkas och iscensätts.

  • 27.
    Andréasson, Ester
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Political Science . Linköping University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences.
    Värderingar, visioner och konflikter i utvecklingen av lokal e-förvaltning2009Conference paper (Other academic)
    Abstract [sv]

    Våra liv och vårt samhälle integreras allt mer med Informations- och Kommunikationsteknologi (IKT), detta gäller även den offentliga sektorn. Förväntningarna på att offentliga organisationer ska tillgängliggöra service, information och demokrati genom IKT ökar. Detta medför att den offentliga sektorn försöker finna vägar och strategier för att anpassa sig till det framväxande informations- och nätverkssamhället. Syftet med detta papper är att analysera utvecklingen av lokal e-förvaltning genom att fokusera på aktörernas värderingar och visioner ur ett diskursivt maktperspektiv. Den empiriska undersökningen utgörs av en fallstudie som studerar utvecklingen av lokal e-förvaltning i ett svenskt landsting. Analysen visar att de olika aktörernas värderingar och visioner kring utvecklingen av lokal e-förvaltning kan vara både samstämmiga och motstridiga. Detta väcker ytterligare frågor kring vilken betydelse värderingar och visioner har för den studerade policyprocessen. Papperet utmynnar således i nya frågeställningar att utgå från i det fortsatta arbetet med forskningsproblemet.

  • 28.
    Andréasson, Ester
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Political Science. Linköping University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences.
    Axelsson, Karin
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Information Systems. Linköping University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences.
    Gustafsson, Mariana S
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Political Science. Linköping University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences.
    Hedström, Karin
    Handelshögskolan vid Örebro universitet.
    Melin, Ulf
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Information Systems. Linköping University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences.
    Söderström, Fredrik
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Information Systems. Linköping University, The Institute of Technology.
    Wihlborg, Elin
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Political Science. Linköping University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences.
    Vem är vem på nätet?: en studie av elektronisk identifiering2014Book (Other academic)
    Abstract [sv]

    Att identifiera sig är något vi gör i många olika vardagssituationer; exempelvis när vi ska styrka vår ålder i krogkön, uträtta bankärenden eller bli insläppta av vakten på en bevakad arbetsplats. För att identifiera oss i dessa situationer använder vi oftast någon form av fysisk identitetshandling; ett körkort, pass eller ID-kort. Samtidigt har vi idag ett samhälle där allt fler ärenden går att utföra via nätet, där såväl offentliga som kommersiella aktörer erbjuder elektroniska tjänster (e-tjänster) i ökande omfattning. Vi blir därmed alltmer beroende av informationsteknik (IT) i samhället för att samverka och kommunicera effektivt och enkelt. Vår riskexponering och sårbarhet ökar i takt med att vi utför allt fler ärenden via e-tjänster. Känslig information kan utnyttjas av obehöriga eller missbrukas på olika sätt.

    Elektronisk identifiering blir i dessa sammanhang en viktig komponent och förutsättning för att kunna erbjuda och använda effektiva och säkra e-tjänster. När man identifierar sig på nätet och i IT-system kan man göra det på många olika sätt; man kan logga in med användarnamn och lösenord, använda elektroniska ID-lösningar (eID) med dosor och koder, scanna fingeravtryck, använda e-tjänstekort och kortläsare eller RFID-teknik. Man skulle kunna betrakta dessa identifieringslösningar som rent tekniska landvinningar, som bara syftar till att man ska kunna nå den e-tjänst man vill använda. Likt en nyckel som används för att låsa upp dörren så att man kommer in i sitt hus. Vi menar dock att det är en alldeles för snäv syn på elektronisk identifiering – den behöver vara vidare än så för att vara fruktbar och kunna sättas i meningsfulla sammanhang av exempelvis design, utvärdering och vidareutveckling.

    Även om det är en teknisk lösning (en artefakt) med en begränsad uppgift vi avser, så kan dess utformning och sättet den införs och används på få stora konsekvenser för hela användningssituationen. Med artefakt menas här konstruerade föremål i form av olika tekniska lösningar och människors meningar kopplade till dessa. Identifieringslösningen påverkar både säkerheten i sig och den bild vi får av den e-tjänst eller det IT-system där vi identifierar oss. Dessutom påverkar den också bilden vi har av det sammanhang där vi använder identifieringslösningen. Om vi använder en e-tjänst som erbjuds av exempelvis den kommun där vi bor, påverkas också vår tilltro till kommunen och samhället av hur vi uppfattar identifieringslösningen och e-tjänsten. Samma resonemang gäller om vi köper en vara av ett privat företag på nätet. Med andra ord påverkas samhällets såväl som företagens legitimitet av hur vi som medborgare eller kunder uppfattar olika IT-lösningar.

    Den här boken handlar därför om de möjligheter och utmaningar som elektronisk identifiering kan innebära för individer, organisationer och samhället. Vi talar inte om isolerade tekniska problem i första hand, utan anlägger ett vidare perspektiv på de möjligheter och problem som kommer med e-tjänster och elektronisk identifiering.

    Vi har skrivit den här boken för att dela med oss av en del av de tankar och insikter som vi fått under projektet. Syftet med boken är att sätta ljuset på ett antal teman som framstår som centrala för utveckling och användning av elektronisk identifiering. Vi beskriver tre exempel som hämtar inspiration från våra studier inom projektet. Utifrån dessa exempel lyfter vi fram ett antal teman och diskuterar dessa samt sammanfattar utmaningar som vi sett i våra studier. Vår förhoppning är att Du som läser vår bok kan använda våra resonemang för att diskutera frågorna vidare i det praktiska sammanhang som Du befinner Dig i. Oavsett om Du finns på ett kommunkontor, i ett landsting, i en myndighet eller i en privat livssituation. Vi har inte haft ambitionen att skriva en vetenskaplig, teorirelaterad text, men Du som vill läsa forskningsbaserade publikationer från projektet hittar lästips i slutet av boken.

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    Vem är vem på nätet? : En studie av elektronisk identifiering: En diskussionsbok baserad på forskningsprojektet ”Framtidens säkra elektroniska identifiering – framväxt och användning av e-legitimationer”
  • 29.
    Andréasson, Ester
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Political Science. Linköping University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences.
    Melin, Ulf
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, VITS - Development of Informations Systems and Work Context. Linköping University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences.
    COSMIC - syndabock eller frälsare?: En fallstudie av införandet av och arbetet med ett IT-system för vård- och patientadministration inom Landstinget i Östergötland2011Report (Other academic)
    Abstract [sv]

    Denna studie belyser införandet av och arbetet med ett elektroniskt vård- och patientadministrat-ionssystem –COSMIC– i Landstinget i Östergötland. Syftet med studien är att analysera och karak-tärisera införandet av och arbetet med COSMIC. Vi belyser särskilt fyra teman i vår analys: (1) Verksamhetsutveckling och IT, (2) Kompetens och arbete, (3) Tillit och säkerhet samt (4) Privat och offentligt. Denna fallstudie är kvalitativ och tolkande och bygger på flera typer av empiriska data. De metoder som använts är intervjuer med vårdpersonal i öppen- och slutenvård, projekt-ledning, projektmedarbetare och patienter, studier av såväl interna som externa dokument samt systemanvändning. Resultatet av vår studie visar att aktörer och aktörsgrupper bär på många olika bilder av införandeprocessen och av det system –COSMIC– som införs. Studien visar också att det finns förväntningar relaterade till COSMIC som berör förändrade och mera effektiva arbetssätt, tillgänglighet till information –exempelvis om patienters vårdhistorik och medicinering– samt en ökad patientsäkerhet. Dessa förväntningar har utmanats av farhågor i vårdverksamheten rö-rande både systeminförandet och systemets funktionalitet. Föreställningarna har sin grund bland annat i den negativa kritik som framfördes mot COSMIC i samband med pilotimplementering och uppgradering av systemet; negativ kritik som även har rapporterats i lokal och regional media. Betydelsen av att systemet utvecklas av en extern leverantör och landstingets relation till denna analyseras också. Den longitudinella studien visar också att COSMIC institutionaliseras i verksam-heten över tid; detta kommer exempelvis till uttryck genom att systemet blir en del av vårdens vardag och stegvis vinner en större acceptans. Beroendet av systemet ökar också över tid. Studien visar även att tillit och säkerhet påverkas av införandet av det nya systemet – samtidigt som nya risker tillkommer reduceras dock tidigare sådana. Vi karaktäriserar den förändring som systemet hittills bidragit till som snarare informationsteknisk, än samlat och samordnat administrativ och organisatorisk. Centralt blir därför att medvetet, utifrån lokala framgångsrika arbetssätt kombi-nerat med samlad erfarenhet på landstingsnivå, arbeta vidare med samordnad verksamhets- och IT-utveckling.

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    COSMIC - syndabock eller frälsare?: En fallstudie av införandet av och arbetet med ett IT-system för vård- och patientadministration inom Landstinget i Östergötland
  • 30.
    Andréasson, Ester
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Political Science . Linköping University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences.
    Wihlborg, Elin
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Political Science . Linköping University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences.
    The Paradox of Community Informatics in the Health Care Sector2010In: Vision and Reality in Community Informatics.: CIRN -DIAC Conference Proceedings: Prato, Italy 27-29 October 2010 / [ed] Larry Stillman, Ricardo Gomez, 2010Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Local health care centres (publicly funded primary health care) play an important role for most people. This is where the citizens are most likely to have their first contact with the health care system if they get ill or injured; this is where different groups of chronics go to do their routine check ups and where elderly citizens get qualified medical care. The health care centres also often include a child health centre, where parents regularly bring their small children so that the medical staff can give insurance that the children are growing and developing the way they should. The health care centres are an important part of the infrastructure in communities. In small villages, the staff is also quite familiar with the patients they give service to. Recently most local health care centres have improved their use of informatics for administration and patient contacts.

    Our field studies of community health care centres concern the use of a new electronic system for patient’s medical records in a health care organisation. This ICT solution brings that the medical records are now tied to the patient, rather than to a specific health care unit. This means that the patient’s medical records are always available for the staff at any of the units within the health care organisation. Thereby, the staff at a local health care centre has faster and more complete access to medical information than before, which means that they can be more efficient and professional in care giving and contribute better.

    Our results indicate that the new electronic medical records makes physical place less important in order to give qualitative care, while they at the same time strengthens the health care centres central role in the community. An indication is that there is a potential for even more empowerment of the local community and people’s connectedness to the community.

    The concluding impression is that community informatics in the health care sector is characterized by a paradox. It works in different directions at the same time: It expands the community in the sense that the flow of medical information increase, but at the same time it strengthens the community as a physical place since the health care centres gets an even stronger role. The aim of this paper is to verify this paradox from a Swedish case study and discuss its general and even global implications on community informatics in the health care sector. The preliminary conclusion is that small communities still can become empowered by the use of new health care informatics.  

  • 31.
    Arabi, Ahmad
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Political Science.
    Libanon - från ”Mellanösterns Paris” till en ”Failed State”: en studie av den konsociala maktdelningen i Libanon och dess konsekvenser2021Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Lebanon is seen as a failed state by the international community and this study aims to look at the causes that have made Lebanon dysfunctional. The study uses Andrej Lijpharts consociational power sharing model and the international relations theory realism to analyse the internal and external causes that have made Lebanon a failed state.

    The study is based on interviews from the three major sects in Lebanon and a text analysis. The study shows that Lebanon is suffering from a corrupt elite that uses the state institutions to benefit their own families. The elite uses clientelism by manipulating consociational power sharing to make the ethnoreligious groups dependant on the elite’s own success. Different regional and international powers use Lebanon in their struggle for power and dominance over the Middle East. The external actors support different ethnic and religious groups by financing and arming them. That in turn deepens the divide between the sectarian groups and hinders the political progress.

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    Libanon - från ”Mellanösterns Paris” till en ”Failed State”
  • 32.
    Arce, Israel
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Political Science.
    The Nuclear Non-Proliferation Regime: Towards a Cognitivist Approach2016Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (Two Years)), 20 credits / 30 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    After the use of the first nuclear weapons, during World War II, the world changed forever, as the balance of military power would no longer by measured by the amount of conventional weapons each state possesses. Alongside this, the world experienced a crude awakening to the catastrophic costs, for the environment and in terms of human misery, that the use of these armaments involved. In order to tackle the spreading of these weapons, with the aim to prevent further tragedies, the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Regime (NNPR) begun to develop in the mid 1950s. Since then, the regime, together with its cornerstone, the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT), have produced outstanding achievements in the non-proliferation field, as well as being the source of glaring disappointments and tensions among states to the present day.

    It is in this context that the following document uses regime theory, the framework that focuses on the study of why and how states decide to cooperate with each other, to present an analysis of the NNPR, understood as a series of overlapping, interlocking and mutually reinforcing agreements and mechanisms on the issue-area of nuclear activities among nations.

    The study is driven by two research questions: 1) How can regime theory explain the longevity and broad acceptance of the NNPR/ NPT and what is its current state after the 2015 Review Conference?; 2) From the point of view of regime theory, in which way would an international effort towards demilitarisation be beneficial for the fulfilment of Art VI of the NPT, regarding nuclear disarmament? The research achieves the objective of deepening the comprehension around the success and broad acceptance of the NNPR and the NPT, while presenting a plausible alternative for an agreement on nuclear disarmament that  could involve demilitarisation. This alternative is elaborated through a pathway suggested with the use of regime theory, specifically, with the use of the weak cognitivist approach.

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    fulltext
  • 33.
    Ask, Tova
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Political Science.
    Identitet mellan raderna: –       En studie om hur amerikanska tidningar beskriver den nationella identiteten i USA2019Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (Two Years)), 20 credits / 30 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [sv]

    Under the latest presidential election in the USA debates of the national identity was one of the central topics, which have made the polarization between the parties wider. Today we know that people choose the media that sympathies with their opinion and turn from the media that challenge their political believes. By studying newspapers one can examine what they say about national identity and membership, which in turn shows which groups are represented in society. By using membership as a theory, the study gives a new theoretical approach and see if membership theory can describe how the American identity is described in newspapers. The study will analyze six American newspapers and ten articles per paper, in total of 60 articles. The method is describing analysis of ideas, which will be used to clarify and analyze how the newspapers are describing membership. All the newspapers are analyzed separately and, in the end, a comparative analysis between the papers is made. There are three major conclusions to been drawn. The first one shows a divided identity in USA, but all the papers have the same solution, it is the governments task to fix and restore the national identity. The second conclusion shows how divided the newspapers are from their ideological undertone from different points of views of membership. The third conclusion shows that all newspapers describe membership in different ways. 

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    fulltext
  • 34.
    Asp, Pernilla
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Political Science. Linköping University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences.
    Olofsson, Therése
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Political Science. Linköping University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences.
    Ideella organisationer - självständiga samhällsaktörer eller kommunens förlängda arm?: En studie om homogeniseringstryck och kontroll2014Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    This thesis examine if social voluntary organisations are independent or if they are being regulated by the public sector. We ask how free the organisations are since they get so much support and funding from the municipality. This is examined by looking at the homogenisation pressure, which means that organisations are being exposed by a pressure to become more similar. The control that the municipality has over the organisations is another aspect in this paper. The study focuses on the relation between the municipality of Linköping and three social voluntary organisations and their characteristics. The theory about homogenisation pressure, developed by Staffan Johansson, is used to analyse if there is a tendency for the organisations to change their work because of the municipality. Whether the organisations are subject of control is analysed by using Kuhnle and Selle’s concept of nearness and dependence.

     

    The study showed that particularly financial support and contact are of importance when it comes to whether the organisations are being exposed to homogenisation pressure and control or not. An important aspect that affects these channels of integration is the attitude of the municipality. With an attitude of not wanting to affect the organisations the financing and integration tend to lead to understanding of the organisations instead of homogenisation pressure and control. The role of the organisation is also of importance. A role as a complement towards the municipality has less pressure to change while the risk is higher for an organisation that works as a replacement. 

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    Kandidatuppsats2014
  • 35.
    Assmo, Per
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Political Science. Linköping University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences.
    A Time-geographic Appraisal for Local Sustainable Development2015In: International Journal of Environmental, Cultural, Economic and Social Sustainability, ISSN 1832-2077, no 1, p. 15-26Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Sustainable development is often described as including ecological, social and economic dimensions. The conventional view of “sustainable” development is largely based on ideas of economic growth, which promotes expansion in space and compression in time – what we call a global market economy. Furthermore, the dominant conventional view also enhances a technical-economic approach that results in a rather narrow subject specific research focus on specific problems. Thereto connected strategies thereby use general technological and institutional policies and solutions that tend to conceal the reality of how people act and respond in relation to resources and constraints in a time-spatial context. So, the conventional development perspective seems in many ways to be unsustainable in ecological, social and thereby also economic terms. This article is of a conceptual character and focuses on local development in a time-space context. The article is inspired by Hägerstrand’s time-geographical approach, and explores an approach that contextualizes processes of change in time and space. This time-spatial approach thereby enhances an alternative view for integrated local social-, economic- and ecological sustainable development processes. In so doing, this approach has the potential to enhance a more all-embracing sustainable development approach applicable to design local policy instruments and strategies.This article is of a conceptual character and focuses on local development in a time-space context. The article is inspired by Hägerstrand’s time-geographical approach, and explores an approach that contextualizes processes of change in time and space. This time-spatial approach thereby enhances an alternative view for integrated local social-, economic- and ecological sustainable development processes. In so doing, this approach has the potential to enhance a more all-embracing sustainable development approach applicable to design local policy instruments and strategies.

  • 36.
    Assmo, Per
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Political Science. Linköping University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences.
    Wihlborg, Elin
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Political Science. Linköping University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences.
    An Alternative View of Integrated Sustainable Development Through a Time-Spatial Lens2012In: OIDA International Journal of Sustainable Development, ISSN 1923-6654, E-ISSN 1923-6662, Vol. 3, no 12, p. 87-96Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The conventional monetary market oriented economic view of development is the dominant approach of development, despite its shortcomings and inability to include social and environmental aspects into long term processes of change. Essential values are often concealed or even excluded in conventional monetary analyses, which are fundamental for integrated sustainable livelihoods.Using a time-spatial perspective, building on Hägerstrand’s time-geography, this article aims to elaborate upon an alternative conceptual development approach. The time-spatial model open for an alternative constructive approach to analyze and physically anchoring socio-economic and ecological processes extended over time. Such a view thereby contrasts and reaches beyond the conventional monetary market growth strategy.Combining the conceptual discussion with empirical illustrations from rural livelihoods in Sweden, the article highlight new alternative political-economic analytical tools and strategies to achieve sustainable sound integrated socio-, economic-, and ecological development processes.

  • 37.
    Assmo, Per
    et al.
    Institutionen för ekonomi och IT, Avdelningen för juridik, ekonomi, statistik och politik, Högskolan Väst.
    Wihlborg, Elin
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Political Science. Linköping University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences.
    En annan kommunal ekonomi: om andra sätt att värdera lokala resurser och aktiviteter : bilder från Ydre kommun2014Book (Other (popular science, discussion, etc.))
    Abstract [sv]

    Med denna bok vill vi vidga perspektiven och visa på möjligheter att se kommunal ekonomi i ett bredare perspektiv och söka en annan kommunal ekonomi. Vi vill visa att det i en landsbygdskommun och dess bygder finns och används mer resurser för att skapa välfärd och ett gott liv än det som i dag räknas och därmed syns i den kommunala ekonomin där man räknar kronor och ören. Genom att vända och utveckla perspektiven kring ekonomi vill vi peka på behovet av att se och synliggöra fler resurser som gör att resurshushållning utifrån lokala förutsättningar bidrar till en integrerad och hållbar utveckling för landsbygden.

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    En annan kommunal ekonomi: om andra sätt att värdera lokala resurser och aktiviteter : bilder från Ydre kommun
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    presentationsbild
  • 38.
    Assmo, Per
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Political Science. Linköping University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences.
    Wihlborg, Elin
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Political Science. Linköping University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences.
    Local Alternative Development through a Time-Spatial Lens: A Case Study of Ydre Inspired by Hägerstrand2013In: Entrepreneurship, Social Capital and Governance: Directions for the Sustainable Development and Competitiveness of Regions / [ed] Charlie Karlsson, Börje Johansson and Roger R. Stough, Edward Elgar Publishing, 2013, p. 378-391Chapter in book (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    This book highlights the role of entrepreneurship, social capital and governance for regional economic development. In recent decades, many researchers have claimed that entrepreneurship is the most critical factor in sustaining regional economic growth. However, most entrepreneurship research is undertaken without considering the fundamental importance of the regional context. Other research has emphasized the role of social capital but there are substantial problems in empirically relating measures of social capital to regional economic development.

    The expert contributors to this work highlight the role of governance in regional growth, an area that has so far been relatively under-researched, underpinning their findings with new theoretical and empirical evidence. They conclude that the relationship between entrepreneurship, social capital and governance in factors affecting regional economic development are complex and interdependent, and that to influence these factors and the relationship between them, policymakers must have a long-term perspective and be both patient and persistent in their efforts.

    This enlightening book will be of great interest to academics, students and researchers across a range of fields including regional science, regional economics, economic geography, regional planning, public policy, entrepreneurship, political science and economic sociology. Policymakers involved in regional policymaking from national down to regional and local levels will also find the book to be an illuminating read.

  • 39.
    Assmo, Per
    et al.
    University West, Trollhättan, Sweden.
    Wihlborg, Elin
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Political Science. Linköping University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences.
    Local Policy Entrepreneurs and Sustainable Development in Rural Areas2015In: Regional development in an international context: regional, national, cross border and international factors for growth and development. Revised papers presented at the 18th Uddevalla symposium, 11-13 June, 2015, Sönderborg, Denmark / [ed] Iréne Bernhard, Trollhättan: Högskolan Väst , 2015, p. 59-74Conference paper (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    A popular trend in today’s development debate is to highlight arguments favouring local production, local entrepreneurship, or the importance of buying local. But what do we actually mean when we talk about the term “local”. Similar to other popular development terms, the concept “local” seems to be used in a wide variety of meanings and interpretations. Furthermore, the term “local” is also often connected as an important component in the perhaps even more vague argumentations for sustainable development.        

    The conventional view of development, based on economic growth, promotes expansion in space and compression in time – a global market economy. This dominant technical-economic approach largely use general technological and institutional policies and solutions more suitable for urban large-scale structures. Such structures and policies thereby tend to hamper what often is seen as local development.

    Initially, the article discusses the term “local” using a geographical time-spatial conceptual approach. With the use of empirical field studies focusing on rural local development in Sweden, the article thereafter apply the approach in an analytical framework to clarify and identify the meaning(s) of the term local, and identify the possibilities and constraints of processes of change in time and space – e.g. local development. In so doing, the time-spatial approach provide a possibility to identify the potential for alternative interwoven applicable local policy instruments and strategies.

  • 40.
    Assmo, Per
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Political Science. Linköping University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences.
    Wihlborg, Elin
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Political Science. Linköping University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences.
    Public Services Choices When There Are No Alternatives?: A Paradox of New Public Management in Rural Areas2012In: Journal of Rural and Community Development, E-ISSN 1712-8277, Vol. 7, no 2, p. 1-17Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    There is a common decrease in services in rural areas around the world. This is not at least the case regarding public services, since the decreasing population also decreases the resources available for local public services. The aim of this article is to critically analyse challenges of New Public Management in a rural area community in Sweden to discuss the complex double management role (as employer and as service provider) of the rural municipality. The core of NPM is based on a private sector ethos and is thus also heavily influenced by corporate sector techniques and management. In this paradigm cost effectiveness and efficiency become the dominant considerations for how the state is run. It becomes even more problematic in rural areas without a critical mass of customers (former citizens) and additional costs for transportation. This is illustrated by a discussion of local schools. The analysis shows that even non-monetary resources should be taken into account to reach legitimate policy changes in rural communities. This opens for a creative discussion on time-spatial localized policy-making including extending the interpretations of local resources.

     

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    Public Services Choices When There Are No Alternatives
  • 41.
    Assmo, Per
    et al.
    Högskolan Väst.
    Wihlborg, Elin
    Linköping University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences. Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Political Science.
    Turning Time-Spatial Modes - A Conceptual Model to Integrate Environmental-Economic Processes of Change2009In: International Conference on Environmental, Cultural, Economic and Social Sustainability,2009, 2009Conference paper (Refereed)
  • 42.
    Assmo, Per
    et al.
    University West, Trollhättan, Sweden.
    Wihlborg, Elin
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Political Science. Linköping University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences.
    Turning Time-Spatial Modes: An Alternative Perspective to Integrate Environmental-economic Processes of Change2008In: Uddevalla Symposium 2008. Spatial dispersed production and network governance: Revised papers presented at the 11th Uddevalla Symposium, 15-17 May, 2008, Kyoto, Japan / [ed] Iréne Bernhard, Trollhättan, Sweden: Department of Economics and IT, University West , 2008, p. 115-128Chapter in book (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    The global markel economy is built on a political institutional arrangement promoting free and open trade. The existing natural and human resources make up the basis for all produclive activilies. The dominating economy strive to reach efficient use of human and natural resources, by enhancing processes of spatial expansion and time-compression.

    The conceptual argument in this paper takes its starting point in Hägerstrand's traditional time-space mode!. lt illustrates two conflicting perspectives the global markel economic horizontal norm (expansion in space, compression in time) and the environmental sustainable vertical processes (expansion over lime in limiled spaces). These two norms head in different directions and environmental sustainability is therefore conflicting with the common meaning of economic development.

    In a time-spatial perspective, a sustainable use of resources is spatially limited, and extended over time. A development process, in terms of environmental sustainability, relies on local resource use and extension in time, to limit the use of externa! input of energy. This process is the opposile to what today is seen as economic development (growth) that compresses time and expands in space, to reach the most favourable comparative advantages.

    The monetary market economy is a political construction. What activities and resources that are given a price on the markel depend on the institutional arrangements of property rights, prices and legal structures. Our conceptual conclusion is that the current political construction of the economy is "in-complete"and thus creates and fosters a mis-match with environmental pre-condilions. The political system can have the capacity to use the tools and power to harmonise economic development with environmental sustainability, locally, nationally and globally.

  • 43.
    Assmo, Per
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Political Science. Linköping University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences.
    Wihlborg, Elin
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Political Science. Linköping University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences.
    Ydre 2.0: An Alternative Time-Spatial Approach towards Post-Monetarism2010In: ERSA 2010, 2010Conference paper (Other academic)
  • 44.
    Axelsson, Karin
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, VITS - Development of Informations Systems and Work Context. Linköping University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences.
    Tillmar, Malin
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Business Administration. Linköping University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences.
    Wihlborg, Elin
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Political Science. Linköping University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences.
    Kundval – dilemman i gränssnittet mellan privata och offentliga organisationer2010In: Samtal pågår… från forskare till politiker och tjänstemän i kommuner / [ed] Tora Friberg, Sabrina Thelander, Linköping: Linköpings universitet , 2010, p. 9-19Chapter in book (Other academic)
    Abstract [sv]

    Är det bättre med stora än med små kommuner? Kommer folkrörelsepartierna att bli mer kampanj- och väljarorienterade i framtiden? Hur formas en boendepolitik för det goda åldrandet? Lokala transportstrategier – hur och för vem? Hur påverkas kommunledningars samverkan om gymnasieskolan av att det finns friskolor? Är kulturekonomi framtidens lokala tillväxtmotor?</p><p>Dessa och andra frågor behandlas i denna bok. Den är ett led i Centrum för kommunstrategiska studiers, CKS, arbete med att bygga en dialog – utveckla goda samtal – mellan Linköpings universitet och medlemskommunerna i CKS. Den innehåller fjorton olika artiklar, inlägg, som forskare författat för att förmedla sina resultat, men också för att stärka en dialog med politiker och tjänstemän i kommunerna. Inläggen spänner över många olika ämnen och frågeställningar. De är i vissa fall konkreta och koncisa i andra fall beskrivande och reflekterande. Alla är de av kommunstrategisk karaktär.</p><p>I en kommun fattas en mängd olika politiska beslut kring de mest skiftande ämnen. Det kräver kunskap, reflektion och gedigna beslutsunderlag. Då kan forskares analyser och kunskapsproduktion vara till nytta. För att en fördjupad och samhällsrelevant forskning ska komma till stånd behövs emellertid reaktioner från politiker och tjänstemän. Det finns alltså ett ömsesidigt beroende. Det kan hanteras genom samtal i vilka forskare, politiker och tjänstemän kan utbyta erfarenheter, tankar och kunskaper. Inläggen i denna bok visar att samtal pågår

  • 45.
    Axelsson, Kim
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Political Science.
    Massi Nylander, Jonas
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Political Science.
    Vilken överdokumentation?: En kvalitativ studie om förskollärares dokumentations - och administrationsarbete och dess anknytning till professionalisering och tidsbrist2023Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Drawing inspiration from the authors own term paper, this thesis examines the documentational and administrative workload of Swedish pre-school teachers. The focus being on its relationship with New Public Management, professionalization, deprofessionalization, and pre-school teachers' experiences of time constraints. The study itself consists of interviews with 15 individuals, thirteen of which are pre-school teachers, and 2 pre-school principals, most of whom work in the same municipality. These municipalities, as well as the true names and workplaces of the respondents, have been anonymized. The analysis centers around the respondents' perspectives on documentation, professionalization, deprofessionalization, and perceived lack of time. Findings indicate that respondents generally believed documentation to be pedagogically valuable for children's learning and progress, reflecting a perception of professionalization with occasional instances of deprofessionalization. However, the extent to which these scenarios represent pre-schools overall remains unclear. Notably, most respondents expressed a lack of time for their daily tasks, attributing it primarily to understaffing rather than the documentational and administrative workload itself. The study concludes that pre-school teachers find the documentational and administrative workload time-consuming and frustrating. It observes that documentation is perceived as an integral aspect of the pedagogical process. The emphasis on the pedagogic nature of pre-school reflects a continuous professionalization process and status elevation strategies employed by teachers, which has resulted in increased documentation. This insight may help explain the absence of negative experiences associated with the documentational workload.

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    vilkenoverdokumentation.pdf
  • 46.
    Backström, Elin
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Political Science. Linköping University, Department of Culture and Society, Centre for Local Government Studies. Linköping University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences.
    Regionalisering underifrån?: En studie av kommuners kapacitet till regional samordning av gymnasieutbildningar genom mellankommunal samverkan2020Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (Two Years)), 20 credits / 30 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    With potential of increased efficiency and a broader range of services, inter-municipal cooperation is often presented as a universal solution to public welfare challenges. Today, all Swedish municipalities are involved in inter-municipal cooperation in various policy areas. However, little is known about the municipalities’ capacity to coordinate their cooperation arrangements in the complex network of institutions and overlapping territories that characterise the regional level of governance. Building on the institutional collective action framework and the concept of governance capacity, this study examines how the municipalities’ capacity for regional coordination of upper secondary education in the city region of Örebro County varies depending on the institutional structures, the opportunities for cooperation and the social capital that embed the inter-municipal arrangements. The empirical study is based on a mixed method approach; where a qualitative content analysis of public documents is combined with interviews of representatives from different inter-municipal arrangements in Örebro County.

    By analysing how inter-municipal cooperation on upper secondary education has emerged and developed in Örebro County, this study shows how the municipalities have established institutions at two different levels. In Örebro County, regional networks and contracts operate in parallel with local agreements and municipal associations with delegated authority – only including a few municipalities in the city region. Several of the cooperation arrangements also include actors from the private sector and different levels of governance. The emergence of these inter-municipal cooperation arrangements can be interpreted as an institutional outcome of the municipalities' intrinsic motives to ensure a wide range of education to their local citizens as well as the need to secure the supply of skills and workforce in private and public sector. But it can also be interpreted as a strategy for the smaller municipalities to ensure their influence and governance capacity in the city region – which has a built- in power asymmetry linked to the municipalities’ heterogeneity. The emergence of the cooperation arrangements also illustrates a path dependent development, where the municipalities’ historical collaboration tradition determines which institutions that emerge and to which degree social capital can be established. Particularly noteworthy in the emergence of the inter-municipal cooperation in Örebro County is the presence of government, which manifests itself through conditional financing of the inter-municipal cooperation arrangements.

    Thus, within one and the same geographical city region, and within one and the same policy area, there is an overlap of different inter-municipal collaborative arrangements and functional regions, which has emerged in a symbiosis of both horizontal and vertical relations. As a result, the regionalisation that the municipalities create “bottom up”, through voluntary cooperation, work in parallel with the regionalisation that is created “top down”, through formal regional institutions.

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    Regionalisering underifrån - Backström
  • 47.
    Barnes, Philippa
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Political Science. Linköping University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences.
    Iacobaeus, Helena
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Political Science. Linköping University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences.
    Institutional Collaboration for Developing Local Democracy: A Literature Review2022Book (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    This literature review presents findings from earlier research on institutional collaboration for developing local democracy. Local authorities engage in a range of different collaborative relationships with partners abroad to exchange knowledge and practices to the assumed benefit of all parties. Common examples of this are municipal partnerships, twinning projects and sister cities. This is an interesting area to study since it provides knowledge that can be of use to local politicians and public servants who are, or aim to be, involved in institutional collaboration. 

    The review seeks to identify the critical aspects of collaborative partnerships for local democracy development in existing research and the implications of these for practitioners. It examines relevant peer-reviewed articles accumulated through systematic searches on two search engines, Scopus and UniSearch, in 2021. This involved different types of institutional collaboration in order to present an overview of common challenges, opportunities and success factors for collaborative programmes set within the wider field of local democracy development. Key aspects for collaboration are examined regarding North-South dynamics and issues of mutuality in learning, participation, accountability, and transparency. 

    The most common forms of collaboration studied in the articles were at the municipal or city level, often involving wider community groups. Despite being promoted as holding great potential due to institutional similarities that traditional development actors lack, there is a range of challenges associated with these partnerships. The literature centres around the dynamics of partnerships and which factors lead to achieving desired outcomes. 

    There are three main types of collaboration differing in levels of formal institutional structure. The first is network, which is loose, horizontal structures lacking articulated goals and commitments. The second is cooperation, which has mutual gains as the main characteristic. The final is partnership, which is the most structured and features agreements, plans of action and independent partners (Baud 2002). 

    Important themes in the literature were mutual learning and the links between trust building, accountability, transparency and participation. While many of the researchers identified different success factors for collaboration projects, recurring factors were political support, public participation, communication through information and knowledge exchange, structured leadership and management and relationships, and trust between partner members. 

  • 48. Becker, A
    et al.
    Castelletti, G
    Gooch, Geoffrey
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Political Science. Linköping University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences.
    Pahl-Wostl, Claudia
    Hatterman, F.F
    Kaden, S
    Kundzewicz, Z.W.
    Laurens, Y
    Muhar, S
    Soncini-Sessa, R
    Stålnacke, P
    Willems, P
    Practical Experiences from Existing Case Studies and Pilot River Basins2010In: Water Framework Directive: Model Supported Implementation / [ed] Hatterman, F., Z.W. Kundzewicz (eds), London: IWA Publishing , 2010, p. 99-202Chapter in book (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    Water resources planning and management and the development of appropriate policies requires methodologies and tools that are able to support systematic, integrative and multidisciplinary assessments at various scales. It also requires the quantification of various uncertainties in both data and models, and the incorporation of stakeholders participation and institutional mechanisms into the various tools and risk assessment methodologies, to help decision makers understand and evaluate alternative measures and decisions. This requirement has been explicitly recognised in the context of the European Union Water Framework Directive (WFD). This book is one of the concrete outcomes of the Harmoni-CA concerted action (supported by the European Commission). It provides a framework for model-supported participatory planning of measures at various river basin scales and practical guidance to water managers and other interested stakeholders on the model-supported implementation of the WFD. The objective of the book is to offer guidance to water managers on the model-supported implementation of the Water Framework Directive at the level of a river basin district and at other levels (such as sub-basins, national, or international scale in the case of international river basins). It should help water managers to better understand how models may be used for planning purposes, while special attention is given to the problem of predicting an uncertain future, one very likely to differ from the present. Six case studies from different parts of Europe are provided to illustrate the practical applicability of the planning framework in the WFD implementation. They are very important for illustrating how concepts from earlier parts of the document are applied to real-world situations. The case studies cover several aspects of mesoscale river basin management, water quantity and quality issues, and the role of modelling, with two case studies located in pilot river basins. This text is intended for use by water managers and hydrologists engaged in the implementation of the Water Framework Directive.

  • 49.
    Bengtsson, Erik
    et al.
    Lunds universitet.
    Fridolfsson, Charlotte
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Political Science. Linköping University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences.
    Svensk landsbygdspolitik mellan EU och klassrummet: introduktion till avsnittets texter2022In: Landsbygder / [ed] Kalle Eriksson, Charlotte Fridolfsson, Carolina Pettersson, Malmö: Fronesis , 2022, Vol. Sidorna 156-164, p. 156-164Chapter in book (Other academic)
  • 50.
    Bengtsson, Kristofer
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Political Science.
    Skadeplatsen i Sverige ur Polisens och räddningstjänstens perspektiv: Högre grad av verkan genom samverkan i nätverk?2017Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (Two Years)), 20 credits / 30 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [sv]

    Uppsatsen syftar till att undersöka den svenska Polisens och räddningstjänstverksamhetens syn på skadeplatsen idag och i framtiden. Av särskilt intresse är då hur samverkan sker. För att analysera detta används teorier kring bland annat nätverksstyrning för att kunna definiera framgångsfaktorer och utgångspunkter men också utmaningar och hinder för bedrivandet av samverkan på och kring skadeplatsen idag och i framtiden. Skadeplatsen har valts som utgångspunkt med hänsyn tagen till att det är här som en stor del av samverkan sker i vardagen, såväl på lokal som regional nivå. Uppsatsen har genomförts på uppdrag av Katastrofmedicinskt centrum i Linköping och utgör ett tillägg till en tidigare genomförd intervjustudie med landstingens beredskapssamordnare med samma syfte. Intervjuerna ger en mer sammantagen bild av hur samverkan sker på och kring skadeplats och då specifikt vilka typer av nätverk som bildas och hur dessa kan tänkas komma att se ut i framtiden utifrån de intervjuades professionella uppfattningar. Genom att analysera aktörernas uppgifter och beröringspunkter utifrån teorier om nätverksstyrning påvisas vissa problem i de övergripande nationella styrningarna, vilket begränsar aktörernas samverkansförmåga. Den övergripande slutsatsen är, givet teorin, att en ökad förståelse för nätverksstyrning är en nödvändighet för formandet och bibehållandet av effektiva nätverk idag och i framtiden, på och kring skadeplatsen.

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    fulltext
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