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  • 1.
    Aanaes, K
    et al.
    Rigshosp, Denmark .
    Rasmussen, N
    Rigshosp, Denmark Statens Serum Institute, Denmark .
    Pressler, T
    Rigshosp, Denmark Rigshosp, Denmark .
    Segelmark, Mårten
    Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för medicin och hälsa, Farmakologi. Linköpings universitet, Hälsouniversitetet. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Hjärt- och Medicincentrum, Njurmedicinska kliniken US.
    Johansen, H K
    Rigshosp, Denmark .
    Lindberg, U
    Lund University, Sweden .
    Hoiby, N
    Rigshosp, Denmark .
    Carlsson, M
    Lund University, Sweden .
    Wieslander, J
    EuroDiagnostica AB, Sweden .
    Buchwald, C
    Rigshosp, Denmark .
    Extensive Endoscopic Image-Guided Sinus Surgery Decreases BPI-ANCA in Patients with Cystic Fibrosis2012Inngår i: Scandinavian Journal of Immunology, ISSN 0300-9475, E-ISSN 1365-3083, Vol. 76, nr 6, s. 573-579Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    Antineutrophil cytoplasm autoantibodies (ANCA) directed against bactericidal/permeability-increasing protein (BPI) are common in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF), and serum levels are correlated with lung colonization by Pseudomonas aeruginosa and the severity of lung damage. The production of BPI-ANCA may be due to the costimulation of BPI when mounting an immune response against P. aeruginosa. The effect of surgery aiming to eradicate bacteria and infected tissue on BPI-ANCA levels is sparsely described. A cohort of patients with CF were included: 53 patients having extensive image-guided sinus surgery (EIGSS) with topical postoperative antibiotic treatment, 131 non-operated controls and 36 who had double lung transplantation (LTX). In all 219 patients, serum samples before and after surgery or at similar intervals were analysed for IgG and IgA BPI-ANCA. The EIGSS group showed a highly significant decrease in both IgA and IgG BPI-ANCA levels compared with their own preoperative values and control group values (P andlt; 0.0010.02). The LTX patients also showed a highly significant decrease in both IgA and IgG BPI-ANCA levels (P andlt; 0.001). EIGSS and LTX decrease IgA and IgG BPI-ANCA levels in patients with CF, indicating that extensive removal of infected tissue influences the pathogenic process of autoantibody production. The results shown herein are in favour of applying EIGSS in selected patients with CF and for using BPI-ANCA as a surrogate marker for guiding further therapeutic interventions.

    Fulltekst (pdf)
    fulltext
  • 2.
    Abdgawad, Mohamed
    et al.
    Lund University.
    Pettersson, Asa
    Lund University.
    Gunnarsson, Lena
    Lund University.
    Bengtsson, Anders A
    Lund University.
    Geborek, Pierre
    Lund University.
    Nilsson, Lars
    Lund University.
    Segelmark, Mårten
    Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för medicin och hälsa, Farmakologi. Linköpings universitet, Hälsouniversitetet. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Hjärt- och Medicincentrum, Njurmedicinska kliniken US.
    Hellmark, Thomas
    Lund University.
    Decreased Neutrophil Apoptosis in Quiescent ANCA-Associated Systemic Vasculitis2012Inngår i: PLOS ONE, E-ISSN 1932-6203, Vol. 7, nr 3Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    Background: ANCA-Associated Systemic Vasculitis (AASV) is characterized by leukocytoclasis, accumulation of unscavenged apoptotic and necrotic neutrophils in perivascular tissues. Dysregulation of neutrophil cell death may contribute directly to the pathogenesis of AASV. less thanbrgreater than less thanbrgreater thanMethods: Neutrophils from Healthy Blood Donors (HBD), patients with AASV most in complete remission, Polycythemia Vera (PV), Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE), Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) and renal transplant recipients (TP) were incubated in vitro, and the rate of spontaneous apoptosis was measured by FACS. Plasma levels of cytokines and sFAS were measured with cytometric bead array and ELISA. Expression of pro/anti-apoptotic factors, transcription factors C/EBP-alpha, C/EBP-beta and PU.1 and inhibitors of survival/JAK2-pathway were measured by real-time-PCR. less thanbrgreater than less thanbrgreater thanResults: AASV, PV and RA neutrophils had a significantly lower rate of apoptosis compared to HBD neutrophils (AASV 50 +/- 14% vs. HBD 64 +/- 11%, p andlt; 0.0001). In RA but not in AASV and PV, low apoptosis rate correlated with increased plasma levels of GM-CSF and high mRNA levels of anti-apoptotic factors Bcl-2A1 and Mcl-1. AASV patients had normal levels of G-CSF, GM-CSF and IL-3. Both C/EBP-alpha, C/EBP-beta were significantly higher in neutrophils from AASV patients than HBD. Levels of sFAS were significantly higher in AASV compared to HBD. less thanbrgreater than less thanbrgreater thanConclusion: Neutrophil apoptosis rates in vitro are decreased in AASV, RA and PV but mechanisms seem to differ. Increased mRNA levels of granulopoiesis-associated transcription factors and increased levels of sFAS in plasma were observed in AASV. Additional studies are required to define the mechanisms behind the decreased apoptosis rates, and possible connections with accumulation of dying neutrophils in regions of vascular lesions in AASV patients.

    Fulltekst (pdf)
    fulltext
  • 3.
    Adolfsson, Per
    et al.
    Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för medicin och vård, Farmakologi. Linköpings universitet, Hälsouniversitetet.
    Ahlstrand, Christer
    Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för klinisk och experimentell medicin, Urologi. Linköpings universitet, Hälsouniversitetet.
    Varenhorst, Eberhard
    Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för klinisk och experimentell medicin, Urologi. Linköpings universitet, Hälsouniversitetet.
    Svensson, Samuel
    Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för medicin och hälsa, Farmakologi. Linköpings universitet, Hälsouniversitetet.
    Lysophosphatidic acid stimulates proliferation of cultured smooth muscle cells from human BPH tissue: Sildenafil and papaverin generate inhibition2002Inngår i: The Prostate, ISSN 0270-4137, E-ISSN 1097-0045, Vol. 51, nr 1, s. 50-58Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    Background The endogenous substance lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) has been found to generate proliferation of cultured smooth muscle cells (SMC). Therefore, the effect of LPA on human benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH) could be of interest.

    Methods The proliferative effect of LPA on cultured human prostatic SMC from specimens obtained at trans-urethral resection of the prostate (TURP) because of BPH, was analyzed by [3H]-thymidine and [35S]-methionine incorporation. In addition, LPA stimulated BPH SMC were treated with papaverin, forskolin, sildenafil or zaprinast, well known to increase the intracellular level of cAMP or cGMP.

    Results LPA produced a dose-dependent increase in BPH SMC, both regarding DNA- and protein-synthesis with EC50 values of 3 and 10 μM, respectively. Furthermore, both papaverin, a general phosphodiesterase inhibitor regarding cAMP hydrolyzes, and forskolin, an adenylyl cyclase stimulating agent, inhibited the LPA-stimulated DNA replication in a dose dependent manner with IC50  = 2.5, and 0.35 μM, respectively. cGMP increasing agents, such as the NO-donors SIN-1 and SNAP, produced a weak anti-proliferative response. However, both phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitors sildenafil (Viagra®) and zaprinast efficiently blocked DNA replication. In addition, when the protein synthesis was examined, we found that the LPA response was significantly inhibited by forskolin and papaverin.

    Conclusions The major conclusion of this investigation is that the endogenous serum component LPA, is able to promote human BPH SMC growth. In addition, our study indicates that cyclic nucleotides can inhibit this effect. Future clinical studies will be needed to determine if different specific phosphodiesterase inhibitors per se or in combination could represent a new therapeutic possibility for the treatment of BPH.

  • 4.
    Alm, Albert
    et al.
    Uppsala University.
    Nilsson , Siv
    Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för medicin och hälsa, Farmakologi. Linköpings universitet, Hälsouniversitetet.
    Uveoscleral outflow - A review2009Inngår i: EXPERIMENTAL EYE RESEARCH, ISSN 0014-4835 , Vol. 88, nr 4, s. 760-768Artikkel, forskningsoversikt (Annet vitenskapelig)
    Abstract [en]

    The uveoscleral outflow route was described more than 40 years ago. Part of aqueous leaves the eye through the iris root. The ciliary muscle, and there are large species differences in the fraction of aqueous outflow that leaves the eye through this route. In non-human primates 40-50% of aqueous leaves the eye by the uveoscleral route. In human eyes most data has been collected by indirect calculations, with results suggesting a similar fraction, at least in eyes from younger individuals. An age-dependent reduction in uveoscleral flow in human eyes may explain the initial difference seen between non-human primate and human eyes. Unlike trabecular outflow, intraocular pressures within the normal range have little effect on uveoscleral outflow. This may be explained by the fact that changes in intraocular pressure have little effect on the pressure gradient for flow through the ciliary muscle, which is likely to be the rate-limiting step in uveoscleral outflow. The state of the ciliary muscle is important and contraction reduces while relaxation increases uveoscleral flow. Similar effects are achieved with cholinergic agonists and antagonists. Epinephrine increases uveoscleral flow, most likely through stimulating beta(2)-adrenergic receptors. Prostaglandin F-2 alpha and prostaglandin F-2 alpha-analogues effectively reduce intraocular pressure by increasing uveoscleral flow. This is mediated by structural changes in the extracellular matrix of the ciliary muscle, and is likely to contribute to a valuable excess route for aqueous and proteins during intraocular inflammation. Whether uveoscleral flow plays a significant role in any other eye disease is not clear. Thus, 40 years later we are able to successfully increase aqueous flow through the uveoscleral route, a valuable contribution to glaucoma treatment, but we still have only a limited understanding on its physiological role.

  • 5.
    Andersson, Rolf
    Linköpings universitet, Hälsouniversitetet. Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för medicin och hälsa, Farmakologi.
    Commentary: Artificial neural networks: Useful aid in diagnosing acute appendicitis2008Inngår i: World Journal of Surgery, ISSN 0364-2313, E-ISSN 1432-2323, Vol. 32, nr 2, s. 310-311s. 310-311Artikkel i tidsskrift (Annet vitenskapelig)
    Abstract [en]

    [No abstract available]

  • 6.
    Andersson, Rolf
    et al.
    Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för medicin och hälsa, Farmakologi. Linköpings universitet, Hälsouniversitetet.
    Quirk, Chris
    Royal Perth Hospital, WA Australien.
    Sullivan, John
    Liverpool Hospital, NSW Australien.
    Anderson, Chris
    Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för klinisk och experimentell medicin, Dermatologi och venerologi. Linköpings universitet, Hälsouniversitetet. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Medicincentrum, Hudkliniken i Östergötland.
    Cutaneous manifestations of internal disease2008Inngår i: Drug Discovery Today : Disease Mechanisms, E-ISSN 1740-6765, Vol. 5, nr 1, s. e113-e123Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    The skin mirrors the individual's well being. Visible for both the patient and the attending physician, it can be a source of information for the diagnosis of multi-system diseases and diseases of internal organs. Therapy is usually directed at the primary disease. Pharmaco-therapeutic options for internal diseases are at present not always optimal and specific management of side effects of drugs with vital indication may be necessary. Better understanding of the mechanisms of the cutaneous manifestations may help develop more efficacious, better tolerated therapy and improve the patient's situation.

  • 7.
    Bengtsson, Torbjörn
    et al.
    Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för medicin och hälsa, Farmakologi. Linköpings universitet, Hälsouniversitetet.
    Karlsson, Helen
    Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för klinisk och experimentell medicin. Linköpings universitet, Hälsouniversitetet.
    Gunnarsson, Patrik
    Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Medicincentrum, Arbets- och miljömedicin. Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för medicin och hälsa. Linköpings universitet, Hälsouniversitetet.
    Skoglund, Caroline
    Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för medicin och hälsa, Farmakologi. Linköpings universitet, Hälsouniversitetet.
    Elison, Charlotte
    Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för klinisk och experimentell medicin. Linköpings universitet, Hälsouniversitetet.
    Leanderson, Per
    Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för klinisk och experimentell medicin, Yrkes- och miljömedicin. Linköpings universitet, Hälsouniversitetet. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Medicincentrum, Arbets- och miljömedicin.
    Lindahl, Mats
    Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för klinisk och experimentell medicin. Linköpings universitet, Hälsouniversitetet.
    The periodontal pathogen Porphyromonas gingivalis cleaves apoB-100 and increases the expression of apoM in LDL in whole blood leading to cell proliferation2008Inngår i: Journal of Internal Medicine, ISSN 0954-6820, E-ISSN 1365-2796, Vol. 263, nr 5, s. 558-571Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    Objective: Several studies support an association between periodontal disease and atherosclerosis with a crucial role for the pathogen Porphyromonas gingivalis. This study aims to investigate the proteolytic and oxidative activity of P. gingivalis on LDL in a whole blood system by using a proteomic approach and analyze the effects of P. gingivalis-modifed LDL on cell proliferation.

    Methods: The cellular effects of P. gingivalis in human whole blood were assessed using lumi-aggregometry analyzing reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and aggregation. Blood was incubated for 30 min with P. gingivalis, whereafter LDL was isolated and a proteomic approach was applied to examine protein expression. LDL-oxidation was determined by analyzing the formation of protein carbonyls. The effects of P. gingivalis-modifed LDL on fibroblast proliferation were studied using the MTS-assay.

    Results: Incubation of whole blood with P. gingivalis caused an extensive aggregation and ROS-production, indicating platelet and leukocyte activation. LDL prepared from the bacteria-exposed blood showed an increased protein oxidation, elevated levels of apoM and formation of two apoB-100 N-terminal fragments. P. gingivalis-modified LDL markedly increased the growth of fibroblasts. Inhibition of gingipain R suppressed the modification of LDL by P. gingivalis.

    Conclusions: The ability of P. gingivalis to change the protein expression and the proliferative capacity of LDL may represent a crucial event in periodontitis-associated atherosclerosis.

    Fulltekst (pdf)
    FULLTEXT01
  • 8.
    Berg, Anna
    et al.
    Linköpings universitet, Hälsouniversitetet. Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för klinisk och experimentell medicin, Cellbiologi.
    Ericson, Ann-Charlott
    Linköpings universitet, Hälsouniversitetet. Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för klinisk och experimentell medicin, Cellbiologi.
    Kechagias, Stergios
    Linköpings universitet, Hälsouniversitetet. Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för medicin och hälsa, Internmedicin. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Medicincentrum, Endokrin- och magtarmmedicinska kliniken US.
    Sjöstrand, Sven-Erik
    Linköpings universitet, Hälsouniversitetet. Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för medicin och hälsa, Farmakologi.
    Unique localization of eNOS-IR in human gastric mucosa.2000Inngår i: Gastroenterology, ISSN 0016-5085, E-ISSN 1528-0012, Vol. 118, nr 4, s. 5095-Konferansepaper (Annet vitenskapelig)
  • 9.
    Berndt, Carsten
    et al.
    Division for Biochemistry, Department for Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, Sweden. Institute for Cinical Cytobiology and Cytopathology, Philipps-Universität, Marburg, Germany .
    Kurz, Tino
    Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för medicin och hälsa, Farmakologi. Linköpings universitet, Hälsouniversitetet.
    Selenius, Markus
    Division of Pathology, Department of Laboratory Medicineand Division of Medical Radiation Physics, Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Fernandes, Aristi P
    Division of Pathology, Department of Laboratory Medicineand Division of Medical Radiation Physics, Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Edgren, Margareta R
    Division of Medical Radiation Physics, Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Brunk, Ulf T
    Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för medicin och hälsa, Farmakologi. Linköpings universitet, Hälsouniversitetet.
    Chelation of lysosomal iron protects against ionizing radiation.2010Inngår i: Biochemical Journal, ISSN 0264-6021, E-ISSN 1470-8728, Vol. 432, nr 2, s. 295-301Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    Ionizing radiation causes DNA damage and consequent apoptosis, mainly due to the production of hydroxyl radicals (HO•) that follows radiolytic splitting of water. However, superoxide (O2•-) and H2O2 also form and induce oxidative stress with resulting LMP (lysosomal membrane permeabilization) arising from iron-catalysed oxidative events. The latter will contribute significantly to radiation-induced cell death and its degree largely depends on the quantities of lysosomal redox-active iron present as a consequence of autophagy and endocytosis of iron-rich compounds. Therefore radiation sensitivity might be depressed by lysosome-targeted iron chelators. In the present study, we have shown that cells in culture are significantly protected from ionizing radiation damage if initially exposed to the lipophilic iron chelator SIH (salicylaldehyde isonicotinoyl hydrazone), and that this effect is based on SIH-dependent lysosomal stabilization against oxidative stress. According to its dose-response-modifying effect, SIH is a most powerful radioprotector and a promising candidate for clinical application, mainly to reduce the radiation sensitivity of normal tissue. We propose, as an example, that inhalation of SIH before each irradiation session by patients undergoing treatment for lung malignancies would protect normally aerated lung tissue against life-threatening pulmonary fibrosis, whereas the sensitivity of malignant lung tumours, which usually are non-aerated, will not be affected by inhaled SIH.

    Fulltekst (pdf)
    FULLTEXT01
  • 10.
    Björck, Hanna
    et al.
    Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för medicin och hälsa, Fysiologi. Linköpings universitet, Hälsouniversitetet.
    Eriksson, Per
    Karolinska Institute, Stockholm.
    Alehagen, Urban
    Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för medicin och hälsa, Kardiologi. Linköpings universitet, Hälsouniversitetet. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Hjärt- och Medicincentrum, Kardiologiska kliniken US.
    Debasso, Rachel
    Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för medicin och hälsa, Fysiologi. Linköpings universitet, Hälsouniversitetet.
    Ljungberg, Liza
    Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för medicin och hälsa, Farmakologi. Linköpings universitet, Hälsouniversitetet.
    Persson, Karin
    Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för medicin och hälsa, Farmakologi. Linköpings universitet, Hälsouniversitetet.
    Dahlström, Ulf
    Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för medicin och hälsa, Kardiologi. Linköpings universitet, Hälsouniversitetet. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Hjärt- och Medicincentrum, Kardiologiska kliniken US.
    Länne, Toste
    Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för medicin och hälsa, Fysiologi. Linköpings universitet, Hälsouniversitetet. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Hjärt- och Medicincentrum, Thorax-kärlkliniken i Östergötland.
    Gender-Specific Association of the Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor-1 4G/5G Polymorphism With Central Arterial Blood Pressure2011Inngår i: American Journal of Hypertension, ISSN 0895-7061, E-ISSN 1941-7225, Vol. 24, nr 7, s. 802-808Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    BACKGROUND The functional plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) 4G/5G polymorphism has previously been associated with hypertension. In recent years, central blood pressure, rather than brachial has been argued a better measure of cardiovascular damage and clinical outcome. The aim of this study was to investigate the possible influence of the 4G/5G polymorphism on central arterial blood pressure in a cohort of elderly individuals. METHODS We studied 410 individuals, 216 men and 194 women, aged 70-88. Central pressures and pulse waveforms were calculated from the radial artery pressure waveform by the use of the SphygmoCor system and a generalized transfer function. Brachial pressure was recorded using oscillometric technique (Dinamap, Critikon, Tampa, FL). PAI-1 antigen was determined in plasma. RESULTS The results showed that central pressures were higher in women carrying the PAI-1 4G/4G genotype compared to female carriers of the 5G/5G genotype, (P = 0.025, P = 0.002, and P = 0.002 for central systolic-, diastolic-, and mean arterial pressure, respectively). The association remained after adjustment for potentially confounding factors related to hypertension. No association of the PAI-1 genotype with blood pressure was found in men. Multiple regression analysis revealed an association between PAI-1 genotype and plasma PAI-1 levels (P = 0.048). CONCLUSIONS Our findings show a gender-specific association of the PAI-1 4G/5G polymorphism with central arterial blood pressure. The genotype effect was independent of other risk factors related to hypertension, suggesting that impaired fibrinolytic potential may play an important role in the development of central hypertension in women.

    Fulltekst (pdf)
    fulltext
  • 11.
    Björck, Hanna
    et al.
    Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för medicin och hälsa, Fysiologi. Linköpings universitet, Hälsouniversitetet.
    Länne, Toste
    Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för medicin och hälsa, Fysiologi. Linköpings universitet, Hälsouniversitetet. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Hjärtcentrum, Thorax-kärlkliniken.
    Alehagen, Urban
    Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för medicin och hälsa, Kardiologi. Linköpings universitet, Hälsouniversitetet. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Hjärtcentrum, Kardiologiska kliniken.
    Persson, Karin
    Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för medicin och hälsa, Farmakologi. Linköpings universitet, Hälsouniversitetet.
    Rundkvist, Louise
    Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för medicin och hälsa, Kardiologi. Linköpings universitet, Hälsouniversitetet.
    Hamsten, A
    Karolinska Institute.
    Dahlström, Ulf
    Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för medicin och hälsa, Kardiologi. Linköpings universitet, Hälsouniversitetet. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Hjärtcentrum, Kardiologiska kliniken.
    Eriksson, P
    Karolinska Institute, Stockholm.
    Association of genetic variation on chromosome 9p21.3 and arterial stiffness2009Inngår i: Journal of Internal Medicine, ISSN 0954-6820, E-ISSN 1365-2796, Vol. 265, nr 3, s. 373-381Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    Genome wide association studies have consistently reported associations between a region on chromosome 9p21.3 and a broad range of vascular diseases, such as coronary artery disease (CAD), aortic and intracranial aneurysms and type-2 diabetes (T2D). However, clear associations with intermediate phenotypes have not been described so far. To shed light on a possible influence of this chromosomal region on arterial wall integrity, we analysed associations between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and degree of stiffness of the abdominal aorta in elderly individuals.

    A total of 400 subjects, 212 men and 188 women, aged 70-88 years were included. Arterial stiffness was examined at the midpoint between the renal arteries and the aortic bifurcation. Two CAD- and aneurysm-associated SNPs (rs10757274 and rs2891168) and one T2D-associated SNP (rs1081161) within the 9p21.3 region were genotyped. Aortic compliance and distensibility coefficients were higher in carriers of the rs10757274G and rs2891168G alleles in men reflecting a decrease in aortic stiffness. Adjustment for age and mean arterial pressure had no effect on these associations. The two SNPs were not associated with intima-media thickness or lumen diameter of the abdominal aorta. There were no associations between the rs10811661 SNP and any measure of aortic stiffness.

    Impaired mechanical properties of the arterial wall may explain the association between chromosome 9p21.3 polymorphisms and vascular disease.

    Fulltekst (pdf)
    FULLTEXT01
  • 12.
    Björck, Hanna M.
    et al.
    Linköpings universitet, Centrum för medicinsk bildvetenskap och visualisering, CMIV. Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för medicin och hälsa, Fysiologi. Linköpings universitet, Hälsouniversitetet.
    Renner, Johan
    Linköpings universitet, Centrum för medicinsk bildvetenskap och visualisering, CMIV. Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för ekonomisk och industriell utveckling, Mekanisk värmeteori och strömningslära. Linköpings universitet, Tekniska högskolan.
    Maleki, Shohreh
    Atherosclerosis Research Unit, Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Sweden.
    Nilsson, Siv F.E.
    Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för medicin och hälsa, Farmakologi. Linköpings universitet, Hälsouniversitetet.
    Kihlberg, Johan
    Linköpings universitet, Centrum för medicinsk bildvetenskap och visualisering, CMIV. Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för medicin och hälsa, Medicinsk radiologi. Linköpings universitet, Hälsouniversitetet.
    Folkersen, Lasse
    Atherosclerosis Research Unit, Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Sweden.
    Karlsson, Matts
    Linköpings universitet, Centrum för medicinsk bildvetenskap och visualisering, CMIV. Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för ekonomisk och industriell utveckling, Mekanisk värmeteori och strömningslära. Linköpings universitet, Tekniska högskolan.
    Ebbers, Tino
    Linköpings universitet, Centrum för medicinsk bildvetenskap och visualisering, CMIV. Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för medicin och hälsa, Klinisk fysiologi. Linköpings universitet, Hälsouniversitetet. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Hjärt- och Medicincentrum, Fysiologiska kliniken US.
    Eriksson, Per
    Atherosclerosis Research Unit, Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Sweden.
    Länne, Toste
    Linköpings universitet, Centrum för medicinsk bildvetenskap och visualisering, CMIV. Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för medicin och hälsa, Fysiologi. Linköpings universitet, Hälsouniversitetet. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Hjärt- och Medicincentrum, Thorax-kärlkliniken i Östergötland.
    Characterization of Shear-Sensitive Genes in the NormalRat Aorta Identifies Hand2 as a Major Flow-ResponsiveTranscription Factor2012Inngår i: PLOS ONE, E-ISSN 1932-6203, Vol. 7, nr 12Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    Objective: Shear forces play a key role in the maintenance of vessel wall integrity. Current understanding regarding shear-dependent gene expression is mainly based on in vitro or in vivo observations with experimentally deranged shear, hence reflecting acute molecular events in relation to flow. Our objective was to determine wall shear stress (WSS) in the rat aorta and study flow-dependent vessel wall biology under physiological conditions.

    Methods and Results: Animal-specific aortic WSS magnitude and vector direction were estimated using computational fluid dynamic simulation based on aortic geometry and flow information acquired by MRI. Two distinct flow pattern regions were identified in the normal rat aorta; the distal part of the inner curvature being exposed to low WSS and a non-uniform vector direction, and a region along the outer curvature being subjected to markedly higher levels of WSS and a uniform vector direction. Microarray analysis revealed a strong differential expression between the flow regions, particularly associated with transcriptional regulation. In particular, several genes related to Ca2+-signalling, inflammation, proliferation and oxidative stress were among the most highly differentially expressed.

    Conclusions: Microarray analysis validated the CFD-defined WSS regions in the rat aorta, and several novel flow-dependent genes were identified. The importance of these genes in relation to atherosusceptibility needs further investigation.

    Fulltekst (pdf)
    fulltext
  • 13.
    Borgegard, Tomas
    et al.
    AstraZeneca, Sweden .
    Gustavsson, Susanne
    AstraZeneca, Sweden .
    Nilsson, Charlotte
    AstraZeneca, Sweden .
    Parpal, Santiago
    AstraZeneca, Sweden .
    Klintenberg, Rebecka
    AstraZeneca, Sweden .
    Berg, Anna-Lena
    AstraZeneca, Sweden .
    Rosqvist, Susanne
    AstraZeneca, Sweden .
    Serneels, Lutgarde
    University of Louvain, Belgium University of Louvain, Belgium VIB Centre Biol Disease VIB, Belgium .
    Svensson, Samuel
    Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för medicin och hälsa, Farmakologi. Linköpings universitet, Hälsouniversitetet.
    Olsson, Fredrik
    AstraZeneca, Sweden .
    Jin, Shaobo
    Karolinska Institute, Sweden .
    Yan, Hongmei
    AstraZeneca, Sweden .
    Wanngren, Johanna
    Karolinska Institute, Sweden .
    Jureus, Anders
    AstraZeneca, Sweden .
    Ridderstad-Wollberg, Anna
    AstraZeneca, Sweden .
    Wollberg, Patrik
    AstraZeneca, Sweden .
    Stockling, Kenneth
    AstraZeneca, Sweden .
    Karlstrom, Helena
    Karolinska Institute, Sweden .
    Malmberg, Asa
    AstraZeneca, Sweden .
    Lund, Johan
    AstraZeneca, Sweden .
    I. Arvidsson, Per
    AstraZeneca, Sweden Uppsala University, Sweden University of KwaZulu Natal, South Africa .
    De Strooper, Bart
    University of Louvain, Belgium University of Louvain, Belgium VIB Centre Biol Disease VIB, Belgium .
    Lendahl, Urban
    Karolinska Institute, Sweden .
    Lundkvist, Johan
    Alzacure Fdn, Sweden AstraZeneca, Sweden Karolinska Institute, Sweden .
    Alzheimers Disease: Presenilin 2-Sparing gamma-Secretase Inhibition Is a Tolerable A beta Peptide-Lowering Strategy2012Inngår i: Journal of Neuroscience, ISSN 0270-6474, E-ISSN 1529-2401, Vol. 32, nr 48, s. 17297-17305Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    gamma-Secretase inhibition represents a major therapeutic strategy for lowering amyloid beta (A beta) peptide production in Alzheimers disease (AD). Progress toward clinical use of gamma-secretase inhibitors has, however, been hampered due to mechanism-based adverse events, primarily related to impairment of Notch signaling. The gamma-secretase inhibitor MRK-560 represents an exception as it is largely tolerable in vivo despite displaying only a small selectivity between A beta production and Notch signaling in vitro. In exploring the molecular basis for the observed tolerability, we show that MRK-560 displays a strong preference for the presenilin 1(PS1) over PS2 subclass of gamma-secretases and is tolerable in wild-type mice but causes dose-dependent Notch-related side effect in PS2-deficient mice at drug exposure levels resulting in a substantial decrease in brain A beta levels. This demonstrates that PS2 plays an important role in mediating essential Notch signaling in several peripheral organs during pharmacological inhibition of PS1 and provide preclinical in vivo proof of concept for PS2-sparing inhibition as a novel, tolerable and efficacious gamma-secretase targeting strategy for AD.

  • 14.
    Bornfeldt, Karin E.
    Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för medicin och hälsa, Farmakologi. Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för medicin och vård, Internmedicin. Linköpings universitet, Hälsouniversitetet.
    Actions and interactions of insulin-like growth factor-I and insulin in vascular smooth muscle1991Doktoravhandling, med artikler (Annet vitenskapelig)
    Abstract [en]

    Insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) is a polypeptide with structural and biological similarities with insulin, and the receptors for IGF-I and insulin are homologous. The present investigation was devoted to the actions and interactions of IGF-I and insulin in vascular smooth muscle.

    In vascular smooth muscle from intact arteries and in cultured vascular smooth muscle cells there are abundant IGF-I receptors, but very few insulin receptors. IGF-I and insulin stimulated proliferation of cultured vascular smooth muscle cells, and the effects were probably mediated via the IGF-I receptor. However, the maximal growthpromoting effect of IGF-I was twice the maximal effect of insulin. If an acidic amino acid was substituted for the basic amino acid histidine in insulin B-chain (BlO His:::} Asp), like in IGF-I, the maximal growth-promoting activity reached the effect of IGF-1. The amino acid in position 10 in insulin B-chain may thus be important for the growthpromoting activity of insulin.

    Vascular smooth muscle cells express IGF-1 mRNA and produce imm1,1noreactive IGF-1 in vitro. Levels of IGF-1 m RNA were decreased by platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF-BB), basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) and serum, whereas IGF-1 and high concentrations of insulin increased IGF-I rnRNA and immunoreactive IGF-I. It is thus possible that IGF-1 is able to increase its own production in an autocrine loop withpositive feedback. The growth-promoting effects of IGF-1 and insulin were weak compared to the effects ofPDGF-BB and bFGF. The results indicate qualitative as well as quantitative differences between IGF-1 and insulin compared to PDGF-BB and bFGF.

    IGF-1 gene expression in aortic tissue was found to be decreased by diabetes and fasting in vivo, and the levels were restored if diabetic rats were treated with insulin.

    Vascular smooth muscle proliferation induced by balloon catheterization was found to be impaired by diabetes and increased by insulin-treatment in vivo, although not to the levels in normal rats. IGF-1 stimulated vascular smooth muscle proliferation in diabetic rats in vivo without affecting the diabetic state, and IGF-I gene expression was increased in proliferating vascular smooth muscle. The results suggest that IGF-I is involved in vascular smooth muscle proliferation in vivo.

    In conclusion, insulin is less potent than IGF-1 in stimulating proliferation of vascular smooth muscle, and the growth-promoting effects of insulin are weaker than the effects ofiGF-1, suggesting that insulin in concentrations found in plasma has little direct effect on vascular smooth muscle proliferation. IGF-1 is probably of importance for vascular smooth muscle proliferation, and the results suggest that IGF-1 can be locally produced and regulated in the vascular wall.

  • 15.
    Brunk, Ulf
    Linköpings universitet, Hälsouniversitetet. Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för medicin och hälsa, Farmakologi.
    Lysosomal involvement in apoptosis2002Inngår i: Free Radical Biology & Medicine, ISSN 0891-5849, E-ISSN 1873-4596, Vol. 33, s. 195-Konferansepaper (Annet vitenskapelig)
  • 16.
    Brunk, Ulf
    et al.
    Linköpings universitet, Hälsouniversitetet. Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för medicin och hälsa, Farmakologi.
    Neuzil, J.
    Institute for Prevention of Cardiovascular Diseases, Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich, Germany.
    Eaton, J.W.
    James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States.
    Lysosomal involvement in apoptosis2001Inngår i: Redox report, ISSN 1351-0002, E-ISSN 1743-2928, Vol. 6, nr 2, s. 91-97Artikkel, forskningsoversikt (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    [No abstract available]

  • 17.
    Brunk, Ulf
    et al.
    Linköpings universitet, Hälsouniversitetet. Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för medicin och hälsa, Farmakologi.
    Yu, ZQ
    Persson, Lennart
    Linköpings universitet, Hälsouniversitetet. Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för klinisk och experimentell medicin, Experimentell patologi. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Kirurgi- och onkologicentrum, Lungmedicinska kliniken US.
    Eaton, John Wallace
    Linköpings universitet, Hälsouniversitetet. Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för klinisk och experimentell medicin, Experimentell patologi. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Laboratoriemedicinskt centrum, Klinisk patologi och klinisk genetik.
    Lysosomes, iron and oxidative stress2003Inngår i: Free radical research, ISSN 1071-5762, E-ISSN 1029-2470, Vol. 37, s. 34-34Konferansepaper (Annet vitenskapelig)
  • 18.
    Brunk, Ulf
    et al.
    Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för medicin och hälsa, Farmakologi. Linköpings universitet, Hälsouniversitetet.
    Zhao, Ming
    Experimental Vascular Research Unit, Clinical Research Center, Lund University.
    Septic shock and the lysosomal-mitochondrial axis theory of apoptosis2009Inngår i: Molecular Mechanism of Severe Shock, Kerala, India: Research Signpost , 2009, s. 91-106Kapittel i bok, del av antologi (Annet vitenskapelig)
    Abstract [en]

    Over 250 years ago, Le Dran, a distinguished French Surgeon, first used the word “shock” in his treatise. Since then, much progress has been made in shock research. However, many questions have still confused the medical doctors until now. For example, why the reduced blood pressure can’t return to normal after anti-shock treatment in severe shock, why the high mortality of septic shock can’t be reduced though many new therapies are reported, what is the reason for the development of systemic inflammatory response syndrome and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome following a prolonged severe shock, and what event triggers the connection among shock, systemic inflammation, and multi-organ dysfunction, etc. In order to resolve these questions, research on the pathogenesis of shock has been made at molecular level in recent years. Current advances of shock molecular mechanism are presented in this book, which is divided into 10 chapters, including new theory about auto-digestion in shock and organ failure, septic shock and the lysosomal-mitochondrial axis theory in apoptosis, molecular mechanism of endotoxin action, HMGB-1 and sepsis after burns, role of MAPK in inflammation and septic shock, ion channels and low vasoreactivity in severe shock, vascular permeability in shock, lymphatic microcirculation and shock, calcium signaling in cardiac dysfunction of burns, the effect and mechanism of a new anti-shock medicine Polydatin. We hope that these chapters will help the readers to develop strategies and tactics that will promote shock research. We want to thank all the authors for their excellent cooperation and manuscript preparation. We also give special thanks to Dr. Pandalai for inviting us to edit and publish this review book in Research Signpost

     

  • 19.
    Börgeson, Emma
    et al.
    Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för medicin och hälsa, Farmakologi. Linköpings universitet, Hälsouniversitetet.
    Lönn, Johanna
    Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för medicin och hälsa, Farmakologi. Linköpings universitet, Hälsouniversitetet.
    Bergström, Ida
    Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för medicin och hälsa, Kardiologi. Linköpings universitet, Hälsouniversitetet.
    Brodin Patcha, Veronika
    Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för klinisk och experimentell medicin, Medicinsk mikrobiologi. Linköpings universitet, Hälsouniversitetet.
    Ramström, Sofia
    Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för klinisk och experimentell medicin, Klinisk kemi. Linköpings universitet, Hälsouniversitetet.
    Nayeri, Fariba
    Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för klinisk och experimentell medicin, Infektionsmedicin. Linköpings universitet, Hälsouniversitetet. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Medicincentrum, Infektionskliniken i Östergötland.
    Sarndahl, Eva
    University Orebro.
    Bengtsson, Torbjörn
    Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för medicin och hälsa, Farmakologi. Linköpings universitet, Hälsouniversitetet.
    Lipoxin A(4) Inhibits Porphyromonas gingivalis-Induced Aggregation and Reactive Oxygen Species Production by Modulating Neutrophil-Platelet Interaction and CD11b Expression2011Inngår i: INFECTION AND IMMUNITY, ISSN 0019-9567, Vol. 79, nr 4, s. 1489-1497Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    Porphyromonas gingivalis is an etiological agent that is strongly associated with periodontal disease, and it correlates with numerous inflammatory disorders, such as cardiovascular disease. Circulating bacteria may contribute to atherogenesis by promoting CD11b/CD18-mediated interactions between neutrophils and platelets, causing reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and aggregation. Lipoxin A(4) (LXA(4)) is an endogenous anti-inflammatory and proresolving mediator that is protective of inflammatory disorders. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of LXA(4) on the P. gingivalis-induced activation of neutrophils and platelets and the possible involvement of Rho GTPases and CD11b/CD18 integrins. Platelet/leukocyte aggregation and ROS production was examined by lumiaggregometry and fluorescence microscopy. Integrin activity was studied by flow cytometry, detecting the surface expression of CD11b/CD18 as well as the exposure of the high-affinity integrin epitope, whereas the activation of Rac2/Cdc42 was examined using a glutathione S-transferase pulldown assay. The study shows that P. gingivalis activates Rac2 and Cdc42 and upregulates CD11b/CD18 and its high-affinity epitope on neutrophils, and that these effects are diminished by LXA(4). Furthermore, we found that LXA(4) significantly inhibits P. gingivalis-induced aggregation and ROS generation in whole blood. However, in platelet-depleted blood and in isolated neutrophils and platelets, LXA(4) was unable to inhibit either aggregation or ROS production, respectively. In conclusion, this study suggests that LXA(4) antagonizes P. gingivalis-induced cell activation in a manner that is dependent on leukocyte-platelet interaction, likely via the inhibition of Rho GTPase signaling and the downregulation of CD11b/CD18. These findings may contribute to new strategies in the prevention and treatment of periodontitis-induced inflammatory disorders, such as atherosclerosis.

  • 20.
    Carlsson, Malin
    et al.
    Lund University.
    Shukla, Swati
    Lund University.
    Petersson, Ann Cathrine
    University and Reg Labs Reg Shane.
    Segelmark, Mårten
    Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för medicin och hälsa, Farmakologi. Linköpings universitet, Hälsouniversitetet. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Hjärt- och Medicincentrum, Njurmedicinska kliniken US.
    Hellmark, Thomas
    Lund University.
    Pseudomonas aeruginosa in cystic fibrosis: Pyocyanin negative strains are associated with BPI-ANCA and progressive lung disease2011Inngår i: Journal of Cystic Fibrosis, ISSN 1569-1993, E-ISSN 1873-5010, Vol. 10, nr 4, s. 265-271Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    The clinical consequence of chronic Pseudomonas aeruginosa colonization in cystic fibrosis (CF) varies between individuals for unknown reasons. Auto-antibodies against bactericidal/permeability increasing protein (BPI-ANCA) are associated with poor prognosis in CF. We hypothesize that there is a correlation between the presence of BPI-ANCA, the properties of the colonizing bacteria and the clinical conditions of the host. We compared isolates of P. aeruginosa from BPI-ANCA positive CF patients who have deteriorating lung disease with BPI-ANCA negative CF patients who are in stable clinical conditions. Epithelial cells (A549) and isolated polymorphonuclear granulocytes (PMNs) were stimulated with the isolates and cell death was analyzed with flow cytometry. We found that the ANCA associated strains in most cases showed pyocyanin negative phenotypes. These strains also induced less inflammatory response than the non-ANCA associated strains as shown by apoptosis and necrosis of epithelial cells and neutrophils. Our results suggest that colonization with strains of P. aeruginosa that induce a weak inflammatory response is associated with unfavorable outcome in CF. We speculate that inadequate control of pathogen proliferation through an insufficient inflammatory response results in a slowly increasing number of bacteria and accumulation of dying PMNs in the airways, contributing to progression in CF lung disease.

  • 21.
    Carlsson, Michael C
    et al.
    Lund University.
    Bakoush, Omran
    University of Lund Hospital.
    Tengroth, Lotta
    Lund University.
    Kilsgard, Ola
    Lund University.
    Malmstrom, Johan
    Lund University.
    Hellmark, Thomas
    University of Lund Hospital.
    Segelmark, Mårten
    Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för medicin och hälsa, Farmakologi. Linköpings universitet, Hälsouniversitetet.
    Leffler, Hakon
    Lund University.
    Galectin-8 in IgA Nephritis: Decreased Binding of IgA by Galectin-8 Affinity Chromatography and Associated Increased Binding in Non-IgA Serum Glycoproteins2012Inngår i: Journal of Clinical Immunology, ISSN 0271-9142, E-ISSN 1573-2592, Vol. 32, nr 2, s. 246-255Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    Background Immunoglobulin A nephritis (IgAN) is the most common primary glomerulonephritis worldwide. It is caused by accumulation of IgA1-containing immune complexes in the kidney resulting in renal failure, which is thought to be due to altered glycosylation of IgA with a decrease of 2-3-sialylated galactosides (NeuAc alpha 2-3Gal). less thanbrgreater than less thanbrgreater thanPurpose The purpose of this study was to analyze whether altered glycosylation of IgA would lead to an altered binding to galectin-8, an endogenous lectin with strong affinity for 2-3-sialylated galactosides. Galectins are a family of beta-galactoside-binding proteins; by binding various glycoproteins, they play important roles in the regulation of cellular functions in inflammation and immunity. Hence, an altered binding of IgA to galectin-8 could lead to pathologic immune functions, such as glomerulonephritis. less thanbrgreater than less thanbrgreater thanMethods Affinity chromatography of serum glycoproteins on the human sialogalactoside-binding lectin galectin-8N permitted quantitation of bound and unbound fractions, including IgA. less thanbrgreater than less thanbrgreater thanResults Analysis of similar to 100 IgA nephritis sera showed that the galectin-8N unbound fraction of IgA increased compared to similar to 100 controls, consistent with the known loss of galactosylation. A subgroup of similar to 15% of the IgAN patients had a ratio of galectin-8 bound/unbound IgA andlt;0.09, not found for any of the controls. Unexpectedly, the galectin-8N-binding fraction of serum glycoproteins other than IgA increased in the sera of IgAN patients but not in controls, suggesting a previously unrecognized change in this disease. less thanbrgreater than less thanbrgreater thanConclusion This is the first study that relates a galectin, an endogenous lectin family, to IgA nephritis and thus should stimulate new avenues of research into the pathophysiology of the disease.

    Fulltekst (pdf)
    fulltext
  • 22.
    Carlsson, Michael C
    et al.
    Lund University, Sweden .
    Balog, Crina I A
    Leiden University, Netherlands .
    Kilsgard, Ola
    Lund University, Sweden .
    Hellmark, Thomas
    University of Lund Hospital, Sweden .
    Bakoush, Omran
    University of Lund Hospital, Sweden .
    Segelmark, Mårten
    Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för medicin och hälsa, Farmakologi. Linköpings universitet, Hälsouniversitetet.
    Ferno, Marten
    University of Lund Hospital, Sweden .
    Olsson, Hakan
    University of Lund Hospital, Sweden .
    Malmstrom, Johan
    Lund University, Sweden .
    Wuhrer, Manfred
    Leiden University, Netherlands .
    Leffler, Hakon
    Lund University, Sweden Skåne University Hospital, Sweden .
    Different fractions of human serum glycoproteins bind galectin-1 or galectin-8, and their ratio may provide a refined biomarker for pathophysiological conditions in cancer and inflammatory disease2012Inngår i: Biochimica et Biophysica Acta - General Subjects, ISSN 0304-4165, E-ISSN 1872-8006, Vol. 1820, nr 9, s. 1366-1372Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    Background: Changes in glycosylation of serum proteins are common, and various glycoforms are being explored as biomarkers in cancer and inflammation. We recently showed that glycoforms detected by endogenous galectins not only provide potential biomarkers, but also have different functions when they encounter galectins in tissue cells. Now we have explored the use of a combination of two galectins with different specificities, to further increase biomarker sensitivity and specificity. less thanbrgreater than less thanbrgreater thanMethods: Sera from 14 women with metastatic breast cancer, 12 healthy controls, 14 patients with IgA-nephritis (IgAN), and 12 patients with other glomerulonephritis were fractionated by affinity chromatography on immobilized human galectin-1 or galectin-8N, and the protein amounts of the bound and unbound fractions for each galectin were determined. less thanbrgreater than less thanbrgreater thanResults: Each galectin bound largely different fractions of the serum glycoproteins, including different glycoforms of haptoglobin. In the cancer sera, the level of galectin-1 bound glycoproteins was higher and galectin-8N bound glycoproteins lower compared to the other patients groups, whereas in IgAN sera the level of galectin-8N bound glycoproteins were higher. less thanbrgreater than less thanbrgreater thanConclusion: The ratio of galectin-1 bound/galectin-8N bound glycoproteins showed high discriminatory power between cancer patients and healthy, with AUC of 0.98 in ROC analysis, and thus provides an interesting novel cancer biomarker candidate. less thanbrgreater than less thanbrgreater thanGeneral significance: The galectin-binding ability of a glycoprotein is not only a promising biomarker candidate but may also have a specific function when the glycoprotein encounters the galectin in tissue cells, and thus be related to the pathophysiological state of the patient. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled Glycoproteomics.

    Fulltekst (pdf)
    fulltext
  • 23.
    Coulthard, Sally A
    et al.
    Newcastle University.
    Redfern, Christopher P F
    Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för medicin och hälsa, Farmakologi. Linköpings universitet, Hälsouniversitetet.
    Lindqvist Appell, Malin
    Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för medicin och hälsa, Klinisk farmakologi. Linköpings universitet, Hälsouniversitetet.
    Skoglund, Karin
    Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för medicin och hälsa, Avdelningen för läkemedelsforskning. Linköpings universitet, Hälsouniversitetet.
    Jakobsen Falk, Ingrid
    Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för medicin och hälsa, Klinisk farmakologi. Linköpings universitet, Hälsouniversitetet.
    Hall, Andrew G
    Newcastle University.
    Taylor, Gordon A
    Newcastle University.
    Hogarth, Linda A
    Newcastle University.
    Increased Sensitivity to Thiopurines in Methylthioadenosine Phosphorylase-Deleted Cancers2011Inngår i: MOLECULAR CANCER THERAPEUTICS, ISSN 1535-7163, Vol. 10, nr 3, s. 495-504Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    The thiopurines, 6-mercaptopurine (6-MP) and 6-thioguanine (6-TG), are used in the treatment of leukemia. Incorporation of deoxythioguanosine nucleotides (dG(s)) into the DNA of thiopurine-treated cells causes cell death, but there is also evidence that thiopurine metabolites, particularly the 6-MP metabolite methylthioinosine monophosphate (MeTIMP), inhibit de novo purine synthesis (DNPS). The toxicity of DNPS inhibitors is influenced by methylthioadenosine phosphorylase (MTAP), a gene frequently deleted in cancers. Because the growth of MTAP-deleted tumor cells is dependent on DNPS or hypoxanthine salvage, we would predict such cells to show differential sensitivity to 6-MP and 6-TG. To test this hypothesis, sensitivity to 6-MP and 6-TG was compared in relation to MTAP status using cytotoxicity assays in two MTAP-deficient cell lines transfected to express MTAP: the T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemic cell line, Jurkat, transfected with MTAP cDNA under the control of a tetracycline-inducible promoter, and a lung cancer cell line (A549-MTAP(-)) transfected to express MTAP constitutively (A549-MTAP(+)). Sensitivity to 6-MP or methyl mercaptopurine riboside, which is converted intracellularly to MeTIMP, was markedly higher in both cell lines under MTAP(-) conditions. Measurement of thiopurine metabolites support the hypothesis that DNPS inhibition is a major cause of cell death with 6-MP, whereas dG(s) incorporation is the main cause of cytotoxicity with 6-TG. These data suggest that thiopurines, particularly 6-MP, may be more effective in patients with deleted MTAP.

  • 24.
    Cuervo, Ana Maria
    et al.
    Albert Einstein College of Medicine.
    Bergamini, Ettore
    University of Pisa.
    Brunk, Ulf
    Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för medicin och hälsa, Farmakologi. Linköpings universitet, Hälsouniversitetet.
    Droge, Wolf
    Heidelberg, Germany.
    Ffrench, Martine
    Central Hospital, Lyon.
    Terman, Alexei
    Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för klinisk och experimentell medicin, Geriatrik. Linköpings universitet, Hälsouniversitetet.
    Autophagy and aging - The importance of maintaining "clean" cells2005Inngår i: autophagy, Vol. 1, nr 3, s. 131-140Artikkel, forskningsoversikt (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    A decrease in the turnover of cellular components and the intracellular accumulation of altered macromolecules and organelles are features common to all aged cells. Diminished autophagic activity plays a major role in these age-related manifestations. In this work we review the molecular defects responsible for the malfunctioning of two forms of autophagy, macroautophagy and chaperone-mediated outophagy, in old mammals, and highlight general and cell-type specific consequences of dysfunction of the autophagic system with age. Dietary caloric restriction and antilipolytic agents have been proven to efficiently stimulate autophagy in old rodents. These and other possible experimental restorative efforts are discussed.

  • 25.
    Dahl Jensen, Lasse
    et al.
    Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för medicin och hälsa, Farmakologi. Linköpings universitet, Hälsouniversitetet.
    Cao, Ziquan
    Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för medicin och hälsa, Avdelningen för kardiovaskulär medicin. Linköpings universitet, Hälsouniversitetet.
    Nakamura, Masaki
    Karolinska Institute, Sweden .
    Yang, Yunlong
    Karolinska Institute, Sweden .
    Brautigam, Lars
    Karolinska Institute, Sweden .
    Andersson, Patrik
    Karolinska Institute, Sweden .
    Zhang, Yin
    Karolinska Institute, Sweden .
    Wahlberg, Eric
    Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för medicin och hälsa, Kärlkirurgi. Linköpings universitet, Hälsouniversitetet. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Hjärt- och Medicincentrum, Thorax-kärlkliniken i Östergötland.
    Länne, Toste
    Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för medicin och hälsa, Fysiologi. Linköpings universitet, Hälsouniversitetet. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Hjärt- och Medicincentrum, Thorax-kärlkliniken i Östergötland.
    Hosaka, Kayoko
    Karolinska Institute, Sweden .
    Cao, Yihai
    Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för medicin och hälsa, Avdelningen för kardiovaskulär medicin. Linköpings universitet, Hälsouniversitetet. Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Opposing Effects of Circadian Clock Genes Bmal1 and Period2 in Regulation of VEGF-Dependent Angiogenesis in Developing Zebrafish2012Inngår i: Cell Reports, E-ISSN 2211-1247, Vol. 2, nr 2, s. 231-241Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    Molecular mechanisms underlying circadian-regulated physiological processes remain largely unknown. Here, we show that disruption of the circadian clock by both constant exposure to light and genetic manipulation of key genes in zebrafish led to impaired developmental angiogenesis. A bmal1-specific morpholino inhibited developmental angiogenesis in zebrafish embryos without causing obvious nonvascular phenotypes. Conversely, a period2 morpholino accelerated angiogenic vessel growth, suggesting that Bmal1 and Period2 display opposing angiogenic effects. Using a promoter-reporter system consisting of various deleted vegf-promoter mutants, we show that Bmal1 directly binds to and activates the vegf promoter via E-boxes. Additionally, we provide evidence that knockdown of Bmal1 leads to impaired Notch-inhibition-induced vascular sprouting. These results shed mechanistic insight on the role of the circadian clock in regulation of developmental angiogenesis, and our findings may be reasonably extended to other types of physiological or pathological angiogenesis.

  • 26.
    Dong, Lan-Feng
    et al.
    Griffith University.
    Freeman, Ruth
    Griffith University.
    Liu, Ji
    Griffith University.
    Zobalova, Renata
    Griffith University.
    Marin-Hernandez, Alvaro
    National Institute of Cardiology, Mexico City.
    Stantic, Marina
    Griffith University.
    Rohlena, Jakub
    Acadamy of Science, Czech Republic.
    Valis, Karel
    Acadamy of Science, Czech Republic.
    Rodriguez-Enriquez, Sara
    National Institute of Cardiology, Mexico City.
    Butcher, Bevan
    Griffith University.
    Goodwin, Jacob
    Griffith University.
    Brunk, Ulf
    Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för medicin och hälsa, Farmakologi. Linköpings universitet, Hälsouniversitetet.
    Witting, Paul K
    ANZAC Research Institute.
    Moreno-Sanchez, Rafael
    National Institute of Cardiology, Mexico City.
    Scheffler, Immo E
    University California at San Diego.
    Ralph, Stephen J
    Griffith University.
    Neuzil , Jiri
    Griffith University.
    Suppression of Tumor Growth In vivo by the Mitocan alpha-tocopheryl Succinate Requires Respiratory Complex II2009Inngår i: CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH, ISSN 1078-0432 , Vol. 15, nr 5, s. 1593-1600Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    Purpose: Vitamin E analogues are potent novel anticancer drugs. The purpose of this study was to elucidate the cellular target by which these agents, represented by alpha-tocopoheryl succinate (alpha-TOS), suppress tumors in vivo, with the focus on the mitochondrial complex II (CII).

    Experimental Design: Chinese hamster lung fibroblasts with functional, dysfunctional, and reconstituted CII were transformed using H-Ras. The cells were then used to form xenografts in immunocompromized mice, and response of the cells and the tumors to alpha-TOS was studied.

    Results: The CII-functional and CII-reconstituted cells, unlike their CII-dysfunctional counterparts, responded to alpha-TOS by reactive oxygen species generation and apoptosis execution. Tumors derived from these cell lines reciprocated their responses to alpha-TOS. Thus, growth of CII-functional and CII-reconstituted tumors was strongly suppressed by the agent, and this was accompanied by high level of apoptosis induction in the tumor cells. On the other hand, alpha-TOS did not inhibit the CII-dysfuntional tumors.

    Conclusions: We document in this report a novel paradigm, according to which the mitochondrial CII, which rarely mutates in human neoplasias, is a plausible target for anticancer drugs from the group of vitamin E analogues, providing support for their testing in clinical trials.

  • 27.
    Dong, X.-P.
    et al.
    Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, 830 North University, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States.
    Cheng, X.
    Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, 830 North University, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States.
    Mills, E.
    Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, 830 North University, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States.
    Delling, M.
    Department of Cardiology, Children's Hospital Boston, Enders 1350, 320 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, United States.
    Wang, F.
    Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China.
    Kurz, Tino
    Linköpings universitet, Hälsouniversitetet. Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för medicin och hälsa, Farmakologi.
    Xu, H.
    Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, 830 North University, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States.
    The type IV mucolipidosis-associated protein TRPML1 is an endolysosomal iron release channel2008Inngår i: Nature, ISSN 0028-0836, E-ISSN 1476-4687, Vol. 455, nr 7215, s. 992-996Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    TRPML1 (mucolipin 1, also known as MCOLN1) is predicted to be an intracellular late endosomal and lysosomal ion channel protein that belongs to the mucolipin subfamily of transient receptor potential (TRP) proteins. Mutations in the human TRPML1 gene cause mucolipidosis type IV disease (ML4). ML4 patients have motor impairment, mental retardation, retinal degeneration and iron-deficiency anaemia. Because aberrant iron metabolism may cause neural and retinal degeneration, it may be a primary cause of ML4 phenotypes. In most mammalian cells, release of iron from endosomes and lysosomes after iron uptake by endocytosis of Fe3+-bound transferrin receptors, or after lysosomal degradation of ferritin-iron complexes and autophagic ingestion of iron-containing macromolecules, is the chief source of cellular iron. The divalent metal transporter protein DMT1 (also known as SLC11A2) is the only endosomal Fe2+ transporter known at present and it is highly expressed in erythroid precursors. Genetic studies, however, suggest the existence of a DMT1-independent endosomal and lysosomal Fe2+ transport protein. By measuring radiolabelled iron uptake, by monitoring the levels of cytosolic and intralysosomal iron and by directly patch-clamping the late endosomal and lysosomal membrane, here we show that TRPML1 functions as a Fe2+ permeable channel in late endosomes and lysosomes. ML4 mutations are shown to impair the ability of TRPML1 to permeate Fe2+ at varying degrees, which correlate well with the disease severity. A comparison of TRPML1-/-ML4 and control human skin fibroblasts showed a reduction in cytosolic Fe2+ levels, an increase in intralysosomal Fe 2+ levels and an accumulation of lipofuscin-like molecules in TRPML1-/- cells. We propose that TRPML1 mediates a mechanism by which Fe2+ is released from late endosomes and lysosomes. Our results indicate that impaired iron transport may contribute to both haematological and degenerative symptoms of ML4 patients. ©2008 Macmillan Publishers Limited. All rights reserved.

  • 28.
    Double, K L
    et al.
    Australien.
    Dedov, V N
    Australien.
    Fedorow, H
    Australien.
    Kettle, E
    Australien.
    Halliday, G M
    Australien.
    Garner, B
    Australien.
    Brunk, Ulf
    Linköpings universitet, Hälsouniversitetet. Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för medicin och hälsa, Farmakologi.
    The comparative biology of neuromelanin and lipofuscin in the human brain2008Inngår i: Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences (CMLS), ISSN 1420-682X, E-ISSN 1420-9071, Vol. 65, nr 11, s. 1669-1682Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    Neuromelanin and lipofuscin are two pigments produced within the human brain that, until recently, were considered inert cellular waste products of little interest to neuroscience. Recent research has increased our understanding of the nature and interactions of these pigments with their cellular environment and suggests that these pigments may, indeed, influence cellular function. The physical appearance and distribution of the pigments within the human brain differ, but both accumulate in the aging brain and the pigments share some structural features. Lipofuscin accumulation has been implicated in postmitotic cell aging, while neuromelanin is suggested to function as an iron-regulatory molecule with possible protective functions within the cells which produce this pigment. This review presents comparative aspects of the biology of neuromelanin and lipofuscin, as well as a discussion of their hypothesized functions in brain and their possible roles in aging and neurodegenerative disease. © 2008 Birkhaueser.

  • 29.
    Dunlop, Rachael A
    et al.
    Heart Research Institute, Australia.
    Brunk, Ulf
    Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för medicin och hälsa, Farmakologi. Linköpings universitet, Hälsouniversitetet.
    Rodgers , Kenneth J
    Heart Research Institute, Australia.
    Oxidized Proteins: Mechanisms of Removal and Consequences of Accumulation2009Inngår i: IUBMB LIFE, ISSN 1521-6543 , Vol. 61, nr 5, s. 522-527Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    Elevated levels of oxidized proteins are reported in diseased tissue from age-related pathologies such as atherosclerosis, neurodegenerative disorders, and cataract. Unlike the precise mechanisms that exist For the repair of nucleic acids, lipids, and carbohydrates, the primary pathway for the repair of oxidized proteins is complete catabolism to their constitutive amino acids. This process can be inefficient as is evidenced by their accumulation. It is generally considered that damaged proteins are degraded by the proteasome, however, this is only true for mildly oxidized proteins, because substrates must be unfolded to enter the narrow catalytic core. Rather, evidence suggests that moderately or heavily oxidized proteins are endocytosed and enter the endosomal/lysosomal system, indicating co-operation between the proteasomes and the lysosomes. Heavily modified substrates are incompletely degraded and accumulate within the lysosomal compartments resulting in the formation of lipofuscin-like, autofluorescent aggregates. Accumulation eventually results in impaired turnover of large organelles such as proteasomes and mitochondria, lysosomal destablization, leakage of proteases into the cytosol and apoptosis. In this review, we summarize reports published since our last assessments of the field of oxidized protein degradation including a role for modified proteins in the induction of apoptosis.

  • 30.
    Dunlop, Rachael A
    et al.
    Cell Biology Group, Heart Research Institute, Newton, NSW 2042, Australia.
    Brunk, Ulf T
    Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för medicin och hälsa, Farmakologi. Linköpings universitet, Hälsouniversitetet.
    Rodgers, Kenneth J
    Cell Biology Group, Heart Research Institute, Newton, NSW 2042, Australia.
    Proteins containing oxidized amino acids induce apoptosis in human monocytes.2011Inngår i: Biochemical Journal, ISSN 0264-6021, E-ISSN 1470-8728, Vol. 435, nr 1, s. 207-216Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    Cellular deposits of oxidized and aggregated proteins are hallmarks of a variety of age-related disorders, but whether such proteins contribute to pathology is not well understood. We previously reported that oxidized proteins form lipofuscin/ceroid-like bodies with a lysosomal-type distribution and up-regulate the transcription and translation of proteolytic lysosomal enzymes in cultured J774 mouse macrophages. Given the recently identified role of lysosomes in the induction of apoptosis, we have extended our studies to explore a role for oxidized proteins in apoptosis. Oxidized proteins were biosynthetically generated in situ by substituting oxidized analogues for parent amino acids. Apoptosis was measured with Annexin-V/PI (propidium iodide), TUNEL (terminal deoxynucleotidyltransferase-mediated dUTP nick-end labelling), MMP (mitochondrial membrane permeabilization), caspase activation and cytochrome c release, and related to lysosomal membrane permeabilization. Synthesized proteins containing the tyrosine oxidation product L-DOPA (L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine) were more potent inducers of apoptosis than proteins containing the phenylalanine oxidation product o-tyrosine. Apoptosis was dependent upon incorporation of oxidized residues, as indicated by complete abrogation in cultures incubated with the non-incorporation control D-DOPA (D-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine) or when incorporation was competed out by parent amino acids. The findings of the present study suggest that certain oxidized proteins could play an active role in the progression of age-related disorders by contributing to LMP (lysosomal membrane permeabilization)-initiated apoptosis and may have important implications for the long-term use of L-DOPA as a therapeutic agent in Parkinson's disease.

  • 31.
    Elvers, Margitta
    et al.
    University of Tubingen, Germany .
    Grenegård, Magnus
    Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för medicin och hälsa, Farmakologi. Linköpings universitet, Hälsouniversitetet.
    Khoshjabinzadeh, Hanieh
    Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för klinisk och experimentell medicin, Klinisk kemi. Linköpings universitet, Hälsouniversitetet.
    Muenzer, Patrick
    University of Tubingen, Germany .
    Borst, Oliver
    University of Tubingen, Germany University of Tubingen, Germany .
    Tian, Huasong
    Columbia University, NY 10032 USA .
    Di Paolo, Gilbert
    Columbia University, NY 10032 USA .
    Lang, Florian
    University of Tubingen, Germany .
    Gawaz, Meinrad
    University of Tubingen, Germany .
    Lindahl, Tomas
    Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för klinisk och experimentell medicin, Klinisk kemi. Linköpings universitet, Hälsouniversitetet. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Diagnostikcentrum, Klinisk kemi.
    Fälker, Knut
    Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för klinisk och experimentell medicin. Linköpings universitet, Hälsouniversitetet.
    A novel role for phospholipase D as an endogenous negative regulator of platelet sensitivity2012Inngår i: Cellular Signalling, ISSN 0898-6568, E-ISSN 1873-3913, Vol. 24, nr 9, s. 1743-1752Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    Platelet aggregation, secretion and thrombus formation play a critical role in primary hemostasis to prevent excessive blood loss. On the other hand, uncontrolled platelet activation leads to pathological thrombus formation resulting in myocardial infarction or stroke. Stimulation of heterotrimeric G-proteins by soluble agonists or immunoreceptor tyrosine based activation motif-coupled receptors that interact with immobilized ligands such as the collagen receptor glycoprotein (GP) VI lead to the activation of phospholipases that cleave membrane phospholipids to generate soluble second messengers. Platelets contain the phospholipases (PL) D1 and D2 which catalyze the hydrolysis of phosphatidylcholine to generate the second messenger phosphatidic acid (PA). The production of PA is abrogated by primary alcohols that have been widely used for the analysis of PLD-mediated processes. However, it is not clear if primary alcohols effectively reduce PA generation or if they induce PLD-independent cellular effects. In the present study we made use of the specific PLD inhibitor 5-fluoro-2-indolyl des-chlorohalopemide (FIPI) and show for the first time, that FIPI enhances platelet dense granule secretion and aggregation of human platelets. Further. FIPI has no effect on cytosolic Ca2+ activity but needs proper Rho kinase signaling to mediate FIPI-induced effects on platelet activation. Upon FIPI treatment the phosphorylation of the PKC substrate pleckstrin was prominently enhanced suggesting that FIPI affects PKC-mediated secretion and aggregation in platelets. Similar effects of FIPI were observed in platelets from mouse wild-type and Pld1(-/-) mice pointing to a new role for PLD2 as a negative regulator of platelet sensitivity.

    Fulltekst (pdf)
    fulltext
  • 32. Bestill onlineKjøp publikasjonen >>
    Eriksson, Andreas
    Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för medicin och hälsa, Farmakologi. Linköpings universitet, Hälsouniversitetet.
    Platelet Adhesion to Proteins in Microplates: Applications in Experimental and Clinical Research2008Doktoravhandling, med artikler (Annet vitenskapelig)
    Abstract [en]

    Platelets are crucial for prevention of blood loss after vessel injury. Platelet adhesion to disrupted vessel walls is mediated by receptors such as the GPIb-IX-V complex that binds von Willebrand factor and the collagen-binding integrin α2β1. Also cross-linking of platelets, mediated by αIIbβ3 that binds to fibrinogen, results in platelet aggregation that further contributes to hemostasis. Platelets are also important pathophysiologically because of their role in thrombus formation following atherosclerotic plaque rupture. Pharmacological treatments aimed to prevent such events include use of platelet inhibitors such as acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) and clopidogrel. Despite the presence of several different platelet function assays, no one has so far been considered useful for clinical evaluation of the effect of anti-platelet treatment. The aim of this thesis was to evaluate possible applications in experimental as well as in clinical research for a platelet adhesion assay performed during static conditions. In principle, platelets in plasma are allowed to attach to protein coated microplates. Adhered platelets are then detected by induction of an enzymatic reaction followed by spectrophotometric measurements of the developed product. Our results show that the platelet adhesion assay is able to detect experimentally induced activation as well as inhibition of platelets. The assay also seems useful for investigation of synergistically induced platelet activation, especially when the coated surface consists of albumin. This is exemplified by the combination of lysophosphatidic acid and adrenaline, which induced a synergistically increased platelet adhesion to albumin that was dependent on αIIbβ3-receptors and on the secretion of ADP. Furthermore, secretion of ADP as well as TXA2 seems to contribute to several adhesive reactions investigated with this assay. The dependence on secretion, together with results showing that adhesion to collagen and fibrinogen is dependent on α2β1- and αIIbβ3-receptors respectively, indicate that the adhesive interactions occurring in the assay is in accordance with the general knowledge about platelet function. Regarding clinical applications, we found that platelet adhesion was increased for patients with essential thrombocythemia (ET) compared to controls. This is in line with the in vivo function of ET-platelets since a common complication for ET-patients is thrombosis. Furthermore, the assay was able to detect effects of treatment with clopidogrel in patients with unstable angina. To some extent it also measured the effects of ASA-treatment. In conclusion, our results suggest that the assay is suitable for experimental research and that further studies should be performed aimed at developing the assay into a clinically useful device.

    Delarbeid
    1. Measurement of adhesion of human platelets in plasma to protein surfaces in microplates
    Åpne denne publikasjonen i ny fane eller vindu >>Measurement of adhesion of human platelets in plasma to protein surfaces in microplates
    2005 (engelsk)Inngår i: Journal of Pharmacological and Toxicological Methods, ISSN 1056-8719, Vol. 52, nr 3, s. 356-365Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert) Published
    Abstract [en]

    Introduction

    Platelet adhesion is an initial, crucial and complex event for inhibiting blood loss upon vascular injury. Activation and adhesion of platelets also play a fundamental role in the development of thrombosis. A combination of exposed extracellular matrix proteins in the vascular wall and release of activating compounds from the participating cells activate the platelets. New potent anti-platelet agents are in progress but there is a shortage of methods that measure the concerted action of adhesive surfaces and soluble compounds upon platelet adhesion in vitro. The aim of this work was to develop a method to measure adhesion of platelets in plasma with standard laboratory equipment.

    Methods

    Platelet-rich plasma from healthy humans was used in studies to optimise the conditions of the present assay. Different proteins were coated in microplate wells and various soluble platelet activators and inhibitors were added to establish the ability of the current method to detect increased as well as decreased platelet adhesion. The amount of platelet adhesion was measured by the reaction between p-nitrophenyl phosphate and the intracellular enzyme acid phosphatase.

    Results

    Adhesion of platelets in plasma to microplate wells coated with albumin, collagen, fibrinogen and activated plasma showed significant surface dependency. The known soluble platelet activators adenosine diphosphate, adrenaline and ristocetin enhanced the levels of adhesion. Available anti-platelet agents such as prostacyclin, forskolin, acetylsalicylic acid and RGD containing peptides caused dose-dependent inhibition of platelet adhesion.

    Discussion

    This report describes a further development of a previously described method and offers the advantage to use platelets in plasma to measure platelet adhesion to protein surfaces. The assay is simple and flexible and is suitable in basic research for screening and characterisation of platelet adhesion responsiveness.

    Emneord
    Antiplatelet agents; Collagen; Fibrinogen; Human; Methods; Platelet activation; Platelet adhesion; Platelet assay
    HSV kategori
    Identifikatorer
    urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-13246 (URN)10.1016/j.vascn.2005.06.002 (DOI)
    Tilgjengelig fra: 2008-05-21 Laget: 2008-05-21 Sist oppdatert: 2013-09-03
    2. Adhesion of human platelets to albumin is synergistically increased by lysophosphatidic acid and adrenaline in a donor-dependent fashion
    Åpne denne publikasjonen i ny fane eller vindu >>Adhesion of human platelets to albumin is synergistically increased by lysophosphatidic acid and adrenaline in a donor-dependent fashion
    2006 (engelsk)Inngår i: Blood Coagulation and Fibrinolysis, ISSN 0957-5235, Vol. 17, nr 5, s. 359-368Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert) Published
    Abstract [en]

    Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) and adrenaline are weak platelet activators considered important for thrombus formation, and were previously shown to synergistically increase platelet aggregation. Here we investigate synergistic activation by LPA and adrenaline when measuring platelet adhesion. Platelet-rich plasma from healthy blood donors together with adrenaline and/or LPA were added to protein-coated microplates. Platelets were allowed to adhere and the amount of adhesion detected enzymatically. The LPA and adrenaline combination induced a synergistic increase of platelet adhesion to a normally non-adhesive albumin surface. The degree of synergy varied markedly between individuals; these variations could not be explained by age, gender, blood type or different amounts of platelets, oxidized low-density lipoprotein, insulin or glucose in plasma. There was a trend indicating increased synergistic effect for platelets sensitive to adrenaline stimulation. The synergistic effect was blocked by the α2-adrenoceptor antagonist yohimbine and inhibited by the ADP scavenger system creatine phosphate/creatine phosphokinase and antibodies against αIIbβ3. Furthermore, platelets adhering to albumin after adrenaline and LPA treatment expressed P-selectin. In conclusion, LPA and adrenaline act synergistically to increase αIIbβ3-mediated platelet adhesion to albumin, dependent on α2-adrenoceptor signalling and platelet secretion. We also confirm that synergistic platelet activation achieved with LPA and adrenaline is highly donor dependent.

    Emneord
    adrenaline, albumin, lysophosphatidic acid, platelet adhesion, synergism
    HSV kategori
    Identifikatorer
    urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-13247 (URN)10.1097/01.mbc.0000233366.18605.b2 (DOI)
    Tilgjengelig fra: 2008-05-21 Laget: 2008-05-21 Sist oppdatert: 2018-02-20
    3. Characterization of static adhesion of human platelets in plasma to protein surfaces in microplates
    Åpne denne publikasjonen i ny fane eller vindu >>Characterization of static adhesion of human platelets in plasma to protein surfaces in microplates
    2009 (engelsk)Inngår i: BLOOD COAGULATION and FIBRINOLYSIS, ISSN 0957-5235 , Vol. 20, nr 3, s. 197-206Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert) Published
    Abstract [en]

    Platelet adhesion is a complex and important event for prevention of blood loss after vessel injury. This study investigated fundamental adhesive mechanisms occurring in an in-vitro assay developed for the measurement of static adhesion of human platelets in plasma. The aim was to gain methodological knowledge that could be used for interpretations of results from other studies using this specific assay. Involvement of adhesive receptors was investigated by the use of various antibodies as well as therapeutic drugs (abciximab, eptifibatide and tirofiban). Inhibitors of adenosine 5-diphosphate receptors (cangrelor, MRS2179) and of thromboxane A(2) signalling (BM-531) were used to estimate the role of autocrine activation. Adhesion to collagen was found to be mainly mediated by alpha(2)beta(1) and to some extent by alpha(IIb)beta(3) Adhesion to fibrinogen was mediated by alpha IIb beta 3. In addition, adenosine 5-diphosphate-induced adhesion to albumin was dependent on alpha(IIb)beta(3). Furthermore, experiments with cangrelor and BM-531 showed that the majority of the adhesive interactions tested were dependent on adenosine 5-diphosphate or thromboxane A(2). We conclude that the mechanisms of adhesion measured by the static platelet adhesion assay are in accordance with the current knowledge regarding platelet activation and adhesion. Despite its simplicity, we suggest that this adhesion assay could be used as a screening device for the study of the influence of various surfaces and soluble substances on platelet adhesion.

    Emneord
    adhesion receptor, antiplatelet agents, autocrine signalling, platelet adhesion, platelet assay
    HSV kategori
    Identifikatorer
    urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-18037 (URN)10.1097/MBC.0b013e328327353d (DOI)
    Merknad
    This is a non-final version of an article published in final form: Andreas Eriksson and Per Whiss , Characterization of static adhesion of human platelets in plasma to protein surfaces in microplates, 2009, BLOOD COAGULATION and FIBRINOLYSIS, (20), 3, 197-206. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/MBC.0b013e328327353d Copyright: Lippincott Williams and Wilkins; 1999 http://www.lww.com/ Tilgjengelig fra: 2009-05-14 Laget: 2009-05-04 Sist oppdatert: 2013-09-03bibliografisk kontrollert
    4. Enhanced platelet adhesion in essential thrombocythemia after in vitro activation
    Åpne denne publikasjonen i ny fane eller vindu >>Enhanced platelet adhesion in essential thrombocythemia after in vitro activation
    2010 (engelsk)Inngår i: TURKISH JOURNAL OF HEMATOLOGY, ISSN 1300-7777, Vol. 27, nr 2, s. 82-90Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert) Published
    Abstract [en]

    Objective: Essential thrombocythemia (ET) is a chronic myeloproliferative disorder characterized by elevated platelet counts and increased risk of thrombosis. Ex vivo data suggest increased platelet reactivity in agreement with the increased thrombosis risk, while in vitro tests often detect decreased platelet activity. The present study aimed to investigate adhesion of ET-platelets in vitro, which is an aspect of platelet function that has been addressed in only a few studies on ET patients. Material and Methods: The study included 30 Er patients and 14 healthy controls. Platelet adhesion was measured with a static platelet adhesion assay. Results: The main finding was that ET-platelets were more readily activated by adhesion-inducing stimuli in vitro than control platelets. This was particularly evident in elderly patients and when using multiple stimuli, such as surfaces of collagen or fibrinogen combined with addition of adenosine 5-diphosphate or ristocetin. Such multiple stimuli resulted in adhesion above the control mean +2 standard deviations for approximately 50% of the patients. Conclusion: The results are in accordance with the concept of increased platelet activity in ET, but opposite to most other in vitro studies. We suggest that the conditions in the adhesion assay might mimic the in vivo situation regarding the presence of chronic platelet activation. (Turk J Hematol 2010; 27: 82-90)

    sted, utgiver, år, opplag, sider
    Aves Yayincilik, 2010
    Emneord
    Essential thrombocythemia; platelet activation; adhesion; thrombosis; platelet assay
    HSV kategori
    Identifikatorer
    urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-13249 (URN)10.5152/tjh.2010.05 (DOI)000278947500005 ()
    Tilgjengelig fra: 2008-05-21 Laget: 2008-05-21 Sist oppdatert: 2013-09-03
    5. Static platelet adhesion, flow cytometry and serum TXB2 levels for monitoring platelet inhibiting treatment with ASA and clopidogrel in coronary artery disease: a randomised cross-over study
    Åpne denne publikasjonen i ny fane eller vindu >>Static platelet adhesion, flow cytometry and serum TXB2 levels for monitoring platelet inhibiting treatment with ASA and clopidogrel in coronary artery disease: a randomised cross-over study
    Vise andre…
    2009 (engelsk)Inngår i: Journal of Translational Medicine, ISSN 1479-5876, E-ISSN 1479-5876, Vol. 7, nr 42Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert) Published
    Abstract [en]

    Background: Despite the use of anti-platelet agents such as acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) and clopidogrel in coronary heart disease, some patients continue to suffer from atherothrombosis. This has stimulated development of platelet function assays to monitor treatment effects. However, it is still not recommended to change treatment based on results from platelet function assays. This study aimed to evaluate the capacity of a static platelet adhesion assay to detect platelet inhibiting effects of ASA and clopidogrel. The adhesion assay measures several aspects of platelet adhesion simultaneously, which increases the probability of finding conditions sensitive for anti-platelet treatment. Methods: With a randomised cross-over design we evaluated the anti-platelet effects of ASA combined with clopidogrel as well as monotherapy with either drug alone in 29 patients with a recent acute coronary syndrome. Also, 29 matched healthy controls were included to evaluate intra-individual variability over time. Platelet function was measured by flow cytometry, serum thromboxane B-2 (TXB2)-levels and by static platelet adhesion to different protein surfaces. The results were subjected to Principal Component Analysis followed by ANOVA, t-tests and linear regression analysis. Results: The majority of platelet adhesion measures were reproducible in controls over time denoting that the assay can monitor platelet activity. Adenosine 5-diphosphate (ADP)-induced platelet adhesion decreased significantly upon treatment with clopidogrel compared to ASA. Flow cytometric measurements showed the same pattern (r(2) = 0.49). In opposite, TXB2-levels decreased with ASA compared to clopidogrel. Serum TXB2 and ADP-induced platelet activation could both be regarded as direct measures of the pharmacodynamic effects of ASA and clopidogrel respectively. Indirect pharmacodynamic measures such as adhesion to albumin induced by various soluble activators as well as SFLLRN-induced activation measured by flow cytometry were lower for clopidogrel compared to ASA. Furthermore, adhesion to collagen was lower for ASA and clopidogrel combined compared with either drug alone. Conclusion: The indirect pharmacodynamic measures of the effects of ASA and clopidogrel might be used together with ADP-induced activation and serum TXB2 for evaluation of anti-platelet treatment. This should be further evaluated in future clinical studies where screening opportunities with the adhesion assay will be optimised towards increased sensitivity to anti-platelet treatment.

    sted, utgiver, år, opplag, sider
    BioMed Central, 2009
    HSV kategori
    Identifikatorer
    urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-19665 (URN)10.1186/1479-5876-7-42 (DOI)000267242100001 ()19508722 (PubMedID)
    Merknad

    Original Publication: Andreas Eriksson, Lena Jonasson, Tomas Lindahl, Bo Hedbäck and Per Whiss, Static platelet adhesion, flow cytometry and serum TXB2 levels for monitoring platelet inhibiting treatment with ASA and clopidogrel in coronary artery disease: a randomised cross-over study, 2009, JOURNAL OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE, (7), 42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1479-5876-7-42 Licensee: BioMed Central http://www.biomedcentral.com/

    Tilgjengelig fra: 2009-08-28 Laget: 2009-07-10 Sist oppdatert: 2018-01-13bibliografisk kontrollert
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  • 33.
    Eriksson, Andreas C
    et al.
    Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för medicin och hälsa, Farmakologi. Linköpings universitet, Hälsouniversitetet.
    Lotfi, Kourosh
    Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för medicin och hälsa, Klinisk farmakologi. Linköpings universitet, Hälsouniversitetet. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Laboratoriemedicinskt centrum, Klinisk farmakologi.
    Whiss, Per A
    Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för medicin och hälsa, Farmakologi. Linköpings universitet, Hälsouniversitetet.
    Enhanced platelet adhesion in essential thrombocythemia after in vitro activation2010Inngår i: TURKISH JOURNAL OF HEMATOLOGY, ISSN 1300-7777, Vol. 27, nr 2, s. 82-90Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    Objective: Essential thrombocythemia (ET) is a chronic myeloproliferative disorder characterized by elevated platelet counts and increased risk of thrombosis. Ex vivo data suggest increased platelet reactivity in agreement with the increased thrombosis risk, while in vitro tests often detect decreased platelet activity. The present study aimed to investigate adhesion of ET-platelets in vitro, which is an aspect of platelet function that has been addressed in only a few studies on ET patients. Material and Methods: The study included 30 Er patients and 14 healthy controls. Platelet adhesion was measured with a static platelet adhesion assay. Results: The main finding was that ET-platelets were more readily activated by adhesion-inducing stimuli in vitro than control platelets. This was particularly evident in elderly patients and when using multiple stimuli, such as surfaces of collagen or fibrinogen combined with addition of adenosine 5-diphosphate or ristocetin. Such multiple stimuli resulted in adhesion above the control mean +2 standard deviations for approximately 50% of the patients. Conclusion: The results are in accordance with the concept of increased platelet activity in ET, but opposite to most other in vitro studies. We suggest that the conditions in the adhesion assay might mimic the in vivo situation regarding the presence of chronic platelet activation. (Turk J Hematol 2010; 27: 82-90)

  • 34.
    Eriksson, Andreas C
    et al.
    Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för medicin och hälsa, Farmakologi. Linköpings universitet, Hälsouniversitetet.
    Whiss, Per A
    Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för medicin och hälsa, Farmakologi. Linköpings universitet, Hälsouniversitetet.
    Measurement of adhesion of human platelets in plasma to protein surfaces in microplates2005Inngår i: Journal of Pharmacological and Toxicological Methods, ISSN 1056-8719, Vol. 52, nr 3, s. 356-365Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    Introduction

    Platelet adhesion is an initial, crucial and complex event for inhibiting blood loss upon vascular injury. Activation and adhesion of platelets also play a fundamental role in the development of thrombosis. A combination of exposed extracellular matrix proteins in the vascular wall and release of activating compounds from the participating cells activate the platelets. New potent anti-platelet agents are in progress but there is a shortage of methods that measure the concerted action of adhesive surfaces and soluble compounds upon platelet adhesion in vitro. The aim of this work was to develop a method to measure adhesion of platelets in plasma with standard laboratory equipment.

    Methods

    Platelet-rich plasma from healthy humans was used in studies to optimise the conditions of the present assay. Different proteins were coated in microplate wells and various soluble platelet activators and inhibitors were added to establish the ability of the current method to detect increased as well as decreased platelet adhesion. The amount of platelet adhesion was measured by the reaction between p-nitrophenyl phosphate and the intracellular enzyme acid phosphatase.

    Results

    Adhesion of platelets in plasma to microplate wells coated with albumin, collagen, fibrinogen and activated plasma showed significant surface dependency. The known soluble platelet activators adenosine diphosphate, adrenaline and ristocetin enhanced the levels of adhesion. Available anti-platelet agents such as prostacyclin, forskolin, acetylsalicylic acid and RGD containing peptides caused dose-dependent inhibition of platelet adhesion.

    Discussion

    This report describes a further development of a previously described method and offers the advantage to use platelets in plasma to measure platelet adhesion to protein surfaces. The assay is simple and flexible and is suitable in basic research for screening and characterisation of platelet adhesion responsiveness.

  • 35.
    Eriksson, Andreas C.
    et al.
    Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för medicin och hälsa, Farmakologi. Linköpings universitet, Hälsouniversitetet.
    Whiss, Per A.
    Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för medicin och hälsa, Farmakologi. Linköpings universitet, Hälsouniversitetet.
    Nanomolar concentrations of adrenaline induce platelet adhesion in vitro.2013Inngår i: Platelets, ISSN 0953-7104, E-ISSN 1369-1635, Vol. 24, nr 2, s. 129-135Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    Adrenaline is a platelet activator having a resting plasma concentration of <1 nmol/l that increases to a few nmol/l during stress. However, most in vitro assays only detect effects of adrenaline in micromolar concentrations. This makes it difficult to estimate the relevance of in vitro data for the in vivo situation. The aim of this study was to investigate experimental conditions in vitro that could detect platelet effects of adrenaline in nanomolar concentrations. Platelet adhesion to albumin and collagen was evaluated with a static platelet adhesion assay. Our results show that 10 nmol/l adrenaline induced platelet adhesion to albumin in platelet-rich plasma (PRP) prepared at 140 × g, while 100 nmol/l was necessary in order to increase adhesion of platelets prepared at 220 × g. The mean platelet volume was increased after preparation at 140 × g, suggesting that large reactive platelets contributed to the increased adrenaline sensitivity. At optimal Mg(2+)-concentration, adhesion to collagen was increased by 10 nmol/l adrenaline irrespective of centrifugal force applied during PRP preparation. More specifically, we defined two populations where adhesion to collagen was increased by 10 nmol/l adrenaline either upon centrifugation at 140 × g but not 220 × g or vice versa. In some experiments, platelet adhesion to collagen was induced by 3 nmol/l adrenaline, which corresponds to concentrations achieved during stress in vivo. In summary, the static adhesion assay is able to detect platelet activating effects of adrenaline very close to physiological concentrations. This is rare for in vitro assays and motivates further research about adrenergic signalling in platelets.

  • 36.
    Eriksson, Andreas C
    et al.
    Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för medicin och hälsa, Farmakologi. Linköpings universitet, Hälsouniversitetet.
    Whiss, Per A
    Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för medicin och hälsa, Farmakologi. Linköpings universitet, Hälsouniversitetet.
    Nilsson, Ulrika K
    Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för medicin och hälsa, Farmakologi. Linköpings universitet, Hälsouniversitetet.
    Adhesion of human platelets to albumin is synergistically increased by lysophosphatidic acid and adrenaline in a donor-dependent fashion2006Inngår i: Blood Coagulation and Fibrinolysis, ISSN 0957-5235, Vol. 17, nr 5, s. 359-368Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) and adrenaline are weak platelet activators considered important for thrombus formation, and were previously shown to synergistically increase platelet aggregation. Here we investigate synergistic activation by LPA and adrenaline when measuring platelet adhesion. Platelet-rich plasma from healthy blood donors together with adrenaline and/or LPA were added to protein-coated microplates. Platelets were allowed to adhere and the amount of adhesion detected enzymatically. The LPA and adrenaline combination induced a synergistic increase of platelet adhesion to a normally non-adhesive albumin surface. The degree of synergy varied markedly between individuals; these variations could not be explained by age, gender, blood type or different amounts of platelets, oxidized low-density lipoprotein, insulin or glucose in plasma. There was a trend indicating increased synergistic effect for platelets sensitive to adrenaline stimulation. The synergistic effect was blocked by the α2-adrenoceptor antagonist yohimbine and inhibited by the ADP scavenger system creatine phosphate/creatine phosphokinase and antibodies against αIIbβ3. Furthermore, platelets adhering to albumin after adrenaline and LPA treatment expressed P-selectin. In conclusion, LPA and adrenaline act synergistically to increase αIIbβ3-mediated platelet adhesion to albumin, dependent on α2-adrenoceptor signalling and platelet secretion. We also confirm that synergistic platelet activation achieved with LPA and adrenaline is highly donor dependent.

  • 37.
    Eriksson, Andreas
    et al.
    Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för medicin och hälsa, Farmakologi. Linköpings universitet, Hälsouniversitetet.
    Jonasson, Lena
    Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för medicin och hälsa, Kardiologi. Linköpings universitet, Hälsouniversitetet. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Hjärt- och Medicincentrum, Kardiologiska kliniken US.
    Hedbäck, Bo
    Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för medicin och hälsa, Kardiologi. Linköpings universitet, Hälsouniversitetet. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Hjärt- och Medicincentrum, Kardiologiska kliniken US.
    Whiss, Per A.
    Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för medicin och hälsa, Farmakologi. Linköpings universitet, Hälsouniversitetet.
    Monitoring platelet inhibiting treatment in coronary heart disease by static platelet adhesion2007Konferansepaper (Annet vitenskapelig)
  • 38.
    Eriksson, Andreas
    et al.
    Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för medicin och hälsa, Farmakologi. Linköpings universitet, Hälsouniversitetet.
    Jonasson, Lena
    Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för medicin och hälsa, Kardiologi. Linköpings universitet, Hälsouniversitetet. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Hjärtcentrum, Kardiologiska kliniken.
    Lindahl, Tomas
    Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för klinisk och experimentell medicin, Klinisk kemi. Linköpings universitet, Hälsouniversitetet. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Laboratoriemedicinskt centrum, Klinisk kemi.
    Hedbäck, Bo
    Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för medicin och hälsa, Kardiologi. Linköpings universitet, Hälsouniversitetet. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Hjärtcentrum, Kardiologiska kliniken.
    Whiss, Per
    Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för medicin och hälsa, Farmakologi. Linköpings universitet, Hälsouniversitetet.
    Static platelet adhesion, flow cytometry and serum TXB2 levels for monitoring platelet inhibiting treatment with ASA and clopidogrel in coronary artery disease: a randomised cross-over study2009Inngår i: Journal of Translational Medicine, ISSN 1479-5876, E-ISSN 1479-5876, Vol. 7, nr 42Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    Background: Despite the use of anti-platelet agents such as acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) and clopidogrel in coronary heart disease, some patients continue to suffer from atherothrombosis. This has stimulated development of platelet function assays to monitor treatment effects. However, it is still not recommended to change treatment based on results from platelet function assays. This study aimed to evaluate the capacity of a static platelet adhesion assay to detect platelet inhibiting effects of ASA and clopidogrel. The adhesion assay measures several aspects of platelet adhesion simultaneously, which increases the probability of finding conditions sensitive for anti-platelet treatment. Methods: With a randomised cross-over design we evaluated the anti-platelet effects of ASA combined with clopidogrel as well as monotherapy with either drug alone in 29 patients with a recent acute coronary syndrome. Also, 29 matched healthy controls were included to evaluate intra-individual variability over time. Platelet function was measured by flow cytometry, serum thromboxane B-2 (TXB2)-levels and by static platelet adhesion to different protein surfaces. The results were subjected to Principal Component Analysis followed by ANOVA, t-tests and linear regression analysis. Results: The majority of platelet adhesion measures were reproducible in controls over time denoting that the assay can monitor platelet activity. Adenosine 5-diphosphate (ADP)-induced platelet adhesion decreased significantly upon treatment with clopidogrel compared to ASA. Flow cytometric measurements showed the same pattern (r(2) = 0.49). In opposite, TXB2-levels decreased with ASA compared to clopidogrel. Serum TXB2 and ADP-induced platelet activation could both be regarded as direct measures of the pharmacodynamic effects of ASA and clopidogrel respectively. Indirect pharmacodynamic measures such as adhesion to albumin induced by various soluble activators as well as SFLLRN-induced activation measured by flow cytometry were lower for clopidogrel compared to ASA. Furthermore, adhesion to collagen was lower for ASA and clopidogrel combined compared with either drug alone. Conclusion: The indirect pharmacodynamic measures of the effects of ASA and clopidogrel might be used together with ADP-induced activation and serum TXB2 for evaluation of anti-platelet treatment. This should be further evaluated in future clinical studies where screening opportunities with the adhesion assay will be optimised towards increased sensitivity to anti-platelet treatment.

    Fulltekst (pdf)
    FULLTEXT01
  • 39.
    Eriksson, Andreas
    et al.
    Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för medicin och hälsa, Farmakologi. Linköpings universitet, Hälsouniversitetet.
    Lotfi, Kourosh
    Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för medicin och hälsa, Klinisk farmakologi. Linköpings universitet, Hälsouniversitetet. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Laboratoriemedicinskt centrum, Klinisk farmakologi.
    Whiss, Per
    Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för medicin och hälsa, Farmakologi. Linköpings universitet, Hälsouniversitetet.
    Correction: Enhanced platelet adhesion in essential thrombocythemia after in vitro activation (vol 27 pg 82, 2010)2010Inngår i: Turkish Journal of Hematology, ISSN 1300-7777, E-ISSN 1308-5263, Vol. 27, nr 3, s. 223-223Artikkel i tidsskrift (Annet vitenskapelig)
    Abstract [en]

    n/a

  • 40.
    Eriksson, Andreas
    et al.
    Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för medicin och hälsa, Farmakologi. Linköpings universitet, Hälsouniversitetet.
    Whiss , Per
    Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för medicin och hälsa, Farmakologi. Linköpings universitet, Hälsouniversitetet.
    Characterization of static adhesion of human platelets in plasma to protein surfaces in microplates2009Inngår i: BLOOD COAGULATION and FIBRINOLYSIS, ISSN 0957-5235 , Vol. 20, nr 3, s. 197-206Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    Platelet adhesion is a complex and important event for prevention of blood loss after vessel injury. This study investigated fundamental adhesive mechanisms occurring in an in-vitro assay developed for the measurement of static adhesion of human platelets in plasma. The aim was to gain methodological knowledge that could be used for interpretations of results from other studies using this specific assay. Involvement of adhesive receptors was investigated by the use of various antibodies as well as therapeutic drugs (abciximab, eptifibatide and tirofiban). Inhibitors of adenosine 5-diphosphate receptors (cangrelor, MRS2179) and of thromboxane A(2) signalling (BM-531) were used to estimate the role of autocrine activation. Adhesion to collagen was found to be mainly mediated by alpha(2)beta(1) and to some extent by alpha(IIb)beta(3) Adhesion to fibrinogen was mediated by alpha IIb beta 3. In addition, adenosine 5-diphosphate-induced adhesion to albumin was dependent on alpha(IIb)beta(3). Furthermore, experiments with cangrelor and BM-531 showed that the majority of the adhesive interactions tested were dependent on adenosine 5-diphosphate or thromboxane A(2). We conclude that the mechanisms of adhesion measured by the static platelet adhesion assay are in accordance with the current knowledge regarding platelet activation and adhesion. Despite its simplicity, we suggest that this adhesion assay could be used as a screening device for the study of the influence of various surfaces and soluble substances on platelet adhesion.

    Fulltekst (pdf)
    FULLTEXT01
  • 41.
    Eriksson, Andreas
    et al.
    Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för medicin och hälsa, Farmakologi. Linköpings universitet, Hälsouniversitetet.
    Whiss, Per
    Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för medicin och hälsa, Farmakologi. Linköpings universitet, Hälsouniversitetet.
    Platelet adhesion to proteins in microplates: from experimental research to clinical evaluation of platelet function2009Konferansepaper (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

     Available platelet function assays differ with respect to the response they measure as well as in applicability, which range from experimental research to clinical evaluation of platelet function. This study focuses on the measurement of static adhesion of platelets in plasma to proteins in microplates. The aim was to describe fundamental adhesive events occurring in the assay and to investigate the ability to detect effects of factors acting both in vitro and in vivo. This communication combines several studies and presents novel interpretations. First of all, in vitro studies showed that platelets adhered to collagen via integrin alpha2beta1 whereas adhesion to surfaces coated with fibrinogen or albumin were dependent on alphaIIbbeta3. Elevated platelet adhesion, dependent on in vitro effects, was detected after addition of known platelet activators. The sensitivity of the assay is illustrated by significantly increased adhesion induced by 30 nmol/L epinephrine. Further in vitro studies showed that inhibition of autocrine activation decreased platelet adhesion. Also, adhesion was synergistically increased when combining two platelet activators at subthreshold levels. The detection of in vivo effects is illustrated by increased platelet adhesion for patients with the thrombosis prone disease essential thrombocythemia compared to healthy controls. The adhesion assay was reproducible in controls over time denoting that the assay can monitor platelet function. Decreased platelet adhesion was observed in vitro after addition of known platelet inhibitors and ex vivo after treatment with clopidogrel alone or in combination with acetylsalicylic acid in patients with a recent acute coronary syndrome. In conclusion, our studies show that this simple and flexible in vitro assay is able to detect elevated as well as decreased platelet adhesion both in vitro and ex vivo.

     

     

  • 42.
    Eriksson, Andreas
    et al.
    Linköpings universitet, Hälsouniversitetet. Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för medicin och hälsa, Farmakologi.
    Whiss, Per
    Linköpings universitet, Hälsouniversitetet. Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för medicin och hälsa, Farmakologi.
    Platelets and Epinephrine2008Inngår i: Research Progress on Epinephrine / [ed] Arnold G. Lawson, Hauppauge, NY, USA: Nova Science Publishers Inc. , 2008, 1, s. 73-94Kapittel i bok, del av antologi (Annet vitenskapelig)
    Abstract [en]

         This new book is devoted to new research on epinephrine (INN) sometimes spelled "epinephrin" or "adrenalin" respectively, which is a hormone when carried in the blood and a neurotransmitter when it is released across a neuronal synapse. It is a catecholamine, a sympathomimetic monoamine derived from the amino acids phenylalanine and tyrosine.When secreted into the bloodstream, it rapidly prepares the body for action in emergency situations. The hormone boosts the supply of oxygen and glucose to the brain and muscles, while suppressing other non-emergency bodily processes (digestion in particular). It increases heart rate and stroke volume, dilates the pupils, and constricts arterioles in the skin and gut while dilating arterioles in skeletal muscles. It elevates the blood sugar level by increasing catalysis of glycogen to glucose in the liver, and at the same time begins the breakdown of lipids in fat cells. Like some other stress hormones, epinephrine has a suppressive effect on the immune system. Although epinephrine does not have any psychoactive effects, stress or arousal also releases norepinephrine in the brain. Norepinephrine has similar actions in the body, but is also psychoactive. Epinephrine is used as a drug to treat cardiac arrest and other cardiac dysrhythmias resulting in diminished or absent cardiac output; its action is to increase peripheral resistance via á±­adrenoceptor vasoconstriction, so that blood is shunted to the body's core, and the â±­adrenoceptor response which is increased cardiac rate and output (the speed and pronouncement of heart beats). This beneficial action comes with a significant negative consequence?increased cardiac irritability?which may lead to additional complications immediately following an otherwise successful resuscitation. Alternatives to this treatment include vasopressin, a powerful antidiuretic which also increases peripheral vascular resistance leading to blood shunting via vasoconstriction, but without the attendant increase in myocardial irritability.

  • 43.
    Eriksson, Andreas
    et al.
    Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för medicin och hälsa, Farmakologi. Linköpings universitet, Hälsouniversitetet.
    Whiss, Per A.
    Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för medicin och hälsa, Farmakologi. Linköpings universitet, Hälsouniversitetet.
    Platelets and Epinephrine2008Inngår i: Research Progress on Epinephrine / [ed] Lawson, A. G., Gorman, R. I., Nova Science Publishers, Inc , 2008, 1, s. 73-94Kapittel i bok, del av antologi (Annet vitenskapelig)
    Abstract [en]

    This new book is devoted to new research on epinephrine (INN) sometimes spelled "epinephrin" or "adrenalin" respectively, which is a hormone when carried in the blood and a neurotransmitter when it is released across a neuronal synapse. It is a catecholamine, a sympathomimetic monoamine derived from the amino acids phenylalanine and tyrosine.When secreted into the bloodstream, it rapidly prepares the body for action in emergency situations. The hormone boosts the supply of oxygen and glucose to the brain and muscles, while suppressing other non-emergency bodily processes (digestion in particular). It increases heart rate and stroke volume, dilates the pupils, and constricts arterioles in the skin and gut while dilating arterioles in skeletal muscles. It elevates the blood sugar level by increasing catalysis of glycogen to glucose in the liver, and at the same time begins the breakdown of lipids in fat cells. Like some other stress hormones, epinephrine has a suppressive effect on the immune system. Although epinephrine does not have any psychoactive effects, stress or arousal also releases norepinephrine in the brain. Norepinephrine has similar actions in the body, but is also psychoactive. Epinephrine is used as a drug to treat cardiac arrest and other cardiac dysrhythmias resulting in diminished or absent cardiac output; its action is to increase peripheral resistance via á±­adrenoceptor vasoconstriction, so that blood is shunted to the body's core, and the â±­adrenoceptor response which is increased cardiac rate and output (the speed and pronouncement of heart beats). This beneficial action comes with a significant negative consequence?increased cardiac irritability?which may lead to additional complications immediately following an otherwise successful resuscitation. Alternatives to this treatment include vasopressin, a powerful antidiuretic which also increases peripheral vascular resistance leading to blood shunting via vasoconstriction, but without the attendant increase in myocardial irritability.

  • 44. Bestill onlineKjøp publikasjonen >>
    Eriksson, Therese
    Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för medicin och hälsa, Farmakologi. Linköpings universitet, Hälsouniversitetet.
    Organelle movement in melanophores: Effects of Panax ginseng, ginsenosides and quercetin2009Licentiatavhandling, med artikler (Annet vitenskapelig)
    Abstract [en]

    Panax ginseng is a traditional herb that has been used for over 2000 years to promote health and longevity. Active components of ginseng include ginsenosides, polysaccharides, flavonoids, polyacetylenes, peptides, vitamins, phenols and enzymes, of which the ginsenosides are considered to be the major bioactive constituents. Although widely used, the exact mechanisms of ginseng and its compounds remain unclear. In this thesis we use melanophores from Xenopus laevis to investigate the effects of Panax ginseng extract G115 and its constituents on organelle transport and signalling. Due to coordinated bidirectional movement of their pigmented granules (melanosomes), in response to defined chemical signals, melanophores are capable of fast colour changes and provide a great model for the study of intracellular transport. The movement is regulated by alterations in cyclic adenosine 3’:5’-monophosphate (cAMP) concentration, where a high or low level induce anterograde (dispersion) or retrograde (aggregation) transport respectively, resulting in a dark or light cell. Here we demonstrate that Panax ginseng and its constituents ginsenoside Rc and Rd and flavonoid quercetin induce a concentration-dependent anterograde transport of melanosomes. The effect of ginseng is shown to be independent of cAMP changes and protein kinase A activation. Upon incubation of melanophores with a combination of Rc or Rd and quercetin, a synergistic increase in anterograde movement was seen, indicating cooperation between the ginsenoside and flavonoid parts of ginseng. Protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitor Myristoylated EGF-R Fragment 651-658 decreased the anterograde movement stimulated by ginseng and ginsenoside Rc and Rd. Moreover, ginseng, but not ginsenosides or quercetin, stimulated an activation of 44/42-mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK), previously shown to be involved in both aggregation and dispersion of melanosomes. PKC-inhibition did not affect the MAPK-activation, suggesting a role for PKC in the ginseng- and ginsenoside-induced dispersion but not as an upstream activator of MAPK.

    Delarbeid
    1. Panax ginseng induces anterograde transport of pigment organelles in Xenopus melanophores
    Åpne denne publikasjonen i ny fane eller vindu >>Panax ginseng induces anterograde transport of pigment organelles in Xenopus melanophores
    Vise andre…
    2008 (engelsk)Inngår i: Journal of Ethnopharmacology, ISSN 0378-8741, E-ISSN 1872-7573, Vol. 119, nr 1, s. 17-23Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert) Published
    Abstract [en]

    Melanophores from Xenopus laevis are pigmented cells, capable of quick colour changes through cyclic adenosine 3':5'-monophosphate (cAMP) coordinated transport of their intracellular pigment granules, melanosomes. In this study we use the melanophore cell line to evaluate the effects of Panax ginseng extract G115 on organelle transport. Absorbance readings of melanophore-coated microplates, Correlate-EIA direct cAMP enzyme immunoassay kit, and western blot were used to measure the melanosome movement and changes in intracellular signalling. We show that Panax ginseng induces a fast concentration-dependent anterograde transport of the melanosomes. No significant increase in the cAMP level was seen and pre-incubation of melanophores with the protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitor EGF-R Fragment 651-658 (M-EGF) only partly decreased the ginseng-induced dispersion. We also demonstrate that Panax ginseng, endothelin-3 (ET-3) and alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormone (MSH) stimulate an activation of mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK). Pre-incubation with M-EGF decreased the MAPK activity induced by ET-3 and MSH, but again only marginally affected the response of Panax ginseng. Thus, in melanophores we suggest that Panax ginseng stimulates an anterograde transport of pigment organelles via a non-cAMP and mainly PKC-independent pathway.

    sted, utgiver, år, opplag, sider
    Elsevier, 2008
    HSV kategori
    Identifikatorer
    urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-19968 (URN)10.1016/j.jep.2008.05.024 (DOI)
    Tilgjengelig fra: 2009-08-21 Laget: 2009-08-21 Sist oppdatert: 2017-12-13bibliografisk kontrollert
    2. Role of ginsenosides and quercetin in anterograde transport of melanosomes
    Åpne denne publikasjonen i ny fane eller vindu >>Role of ginsenosides and quercetin in anterograde transport of melanosomes
    (engelsk)Manuskript (Annet vitenskapelig)
    Abstract [en]

    Panax ginseng is a traditional herb that has been used in the Orient for several thousands of years as a tonic and restorative. Active components of ginseng include ginsenosides, polysaccharides, flavonoids, polyacetylenes, peptides, vitamins, phenols and enzymes, of which the ginsenosides are considered to be the major bioactive constituents. In spite of extensive use, the exact mechanisms of ginseng and its components are still unknown. In the present study we use melanophores from Xenopus laevis to investigate the effects of Panax ginseng extract G115, ginsenosides and the flavonoid quercetin on pigment organelle transport and signalling. Through coordinated transport of their black pigmented granules (melanosomes), melanophores are capable of fast colour changes. The movement is regulated by changes in cyclic adenosine 3’:5’-monophosphate (cAMP) concentration, where a high or low level induce anterograde (dispersion) or retrograde (aggregation) transport respectively, leaving a dark or light cell. Previously we have shown that Panax ginseng induces dispersion of melanosomes. Here, ginsenoside Rc and Rd and the flavonoid quercetin are shown to stimulate an anterograde transport of pigment organelles. When Rc or Rd and quercetin were combined, a significant synergistic increase in dispersion could be seen. Protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitor Myristoylated EGF-R Fragment (651-658) (M-EGF) decreased the anterograde movement stimulated by ginseng and ginsenoside Rc and Rd. We also demonstrate that ginseng, but not ginsenosides or quercetin, induce a concentration-dependent activation of 44/42-mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK). PKC-inhibition did not affect the MAPK-activation, suggesting a role for PKC in the ginseng- and ginsenoside-induced anterograde transport but not in the activation of MAPK.

    Emneord
    melanophore, pigment organelle transport, Panax ginseng, ginsenosides, quercetin, PKC, MAPK
    HSV kategori
    Identifikatorer
    urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-19970 (URN)
    Tilgjengelig fra: 2009-08-21 Laget: 2009-08-21 Sist oppdatert: 2010-01-14bibliografisk kontrollert
    Fulltekst (pdf)
    Organelle movement in melanophores : Effects of Panax ginseng, ginsenosides and quercetin
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  • 45.
    Eriksson, Therese
    et al.
    Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för medicin och vård, Farmakologi. Linköpings universitet, Hälsouniversitetet.
    Svensson, Samuel
    Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för medicin och hälsa, Farmakologi. Linköpings universitet, Hälsouniversitetet.
    Lundström, Ingemar
    Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för fysik, kemi och biologi, Tillämpad Fysik. Linköpings universitet, Tekniska högskolan.
    Andersson, Rolf
    Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för medicin och vård, Farmakologi. Linköpings universitet, Hälsouniversitetet.
    Role of ginsenosides and quercetin in anterograde transport of melanosomesManuskript (Annet vitenskapelig)
    Abstract [en]

    Panax ginseng is a traditional herb that has been used in the Orient for several thousands of years as a tonic and restorative. Active components of ginseng include ginsenosides, polysaccharides, flavonoids, polyacetylenes, peptides, vitamins, phenols and enzymes, of which the ginsenosides are considered to be the major bioactive constituents. In spite of extensive use, the exact mechanisms of ginseng and its components are still unknown. In the present study we use melanophores from Xenopus laevis to investigate the effects of Panax ginseng extract G115, ginsenosides and the flavonoid quercetin on pigment organelle transport and signalling. Through coordinated transport of their black pigmented granules (melanosomes), melanophores are capable of fast colour changes. The movement is regulated by changes in cyclic adenosine 3’:5’-monophosphate (cAMP) concentration, where a high or low level induce anterograde (dispersion) or retrograde (aggregation) transport respectively, leaving a dark or light cell. Previously we have shown that Panax ginseng induces dispersion of melanosomes. Here, ginsenoside Rc and Rd and the flavonoid quercetin are shown to stimulate an anterograde transport of pigment organelles. When Rc or Rd and quercetin were combined, a significant synergistic increase in dispersion could be seen. Protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitor Myristoylated EGF-R Fragment (651-658) (M-EGF) decreased the anterograde movement stimulated by ginseng and ginsenoside Rc and Rd. We also demonstrate that ginseng, but not ginsenosides or quercetin, induce a concentration-dependent activation of 44/42-mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK). PKC-inhibition did not affect the MAPK-activation, suggesting a role for PKC in the ginseng- and ginsenoside-induced anterograde transport but not in the activation of MAPK.

  • 46.
    Eriksson, Therese
    et al.
    Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för medicin och hälsa, Farmakologi. Linköpings universitet, Hälsouniversitetet.
    Svensson, Samuel
    Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för medicin och vård, Farmakologi. Linköpings universitet, Hälsouniversitetet.
    Lundström, Ingemar
    Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för fysik, kemi och biologi, Tillämpad Fysik. Linköpings universitet, Tekniska högskolan.
    Persson, Karin
    Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för medicin och hälsa, Farmakologi. Linköpings universitet, Hälsouniversitetet.
    Andersson, Tony
    Landstinget i Kronoberg.
    Andersson, Rolf
    Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för medicin och vård, Farmakologi. Linköpings universitet, Hälsouniversitetet.
    Panax ginseng induces anterograde transport of pigment organelles in Xenopus melanophores2008Inngår i: Journal of Ethnopharmacology, ISSN 0378-8741, E-ISSN 1872-7573, Vol. 119, nr 1, s. 17-23Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    Melanophores from Xenopus laevis are pigmented cells, capable of quick colour changes through cyclic adenosine 3':5'-monophosphate (cAMP) coordinated transport of their intracellular pigment granules, melanosomes. In this study we use the melanophore cell line to evaluate the effects of Panax ginseng extract G115 on organelle transport. Absorbance readings of melanophore-coated microplates, Correlate-EIA direct cAMP enzyme immunoassay kit, and western blot were used to measure the melanosome movement and changes in intracellular signalling. We show that Panax ginseng induces a fast concentration-dependent anterograde transport of the melanosomes. No significant increase in the cAMP level was seen and pre-incubation of melanophores with the protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitor EGF-R Fragment 651-658 (M-EGF) only partly decreased the ginseng-induced dispersion. We also demonstrate that Panax ginseng, endothelin-3 (ET-3) and alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormone (MSH) stimulate an activation of mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK). Pre-incubation with M-EGF decreased the MAPK activity induced by ET-3 and MSH, but again only marginally affected the response of Panax ginseng. Thus, in melanophores we suggest that Panax ginseng stimulates an anterograde transport of pigment organelles via a non-cAMP and mainly PKC-independent pathway.

  • 47.
    Felixsson, Emma
    et al.
    Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för medicin och hälsa, Farmakologi. Linköpings universitet, Hälsouniversitetet.
    Persson, Ingrid A.-L.
    Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för medicin och hälsa, Farmakologi. Linköpings universitet, Hälsouniversitetet.
    Eriksson, Andreas C.
    Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för medicin och hälsa, Farmakologi. Linköpings universitet, Hälsouniversitetet.
    Persson, Karin
    Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för medicin och hälsa, Farmakologi. Linköpings universitet, Hälsouniversitetet.
    Horse chestnut extract contracts bovine vessels and affects human platelet aggregation through 5-HT(2A) receptors: an in vitro study2010Inngår i: Phytotherapy Research, ISSN 0951-418X, E-ISSN 1099-1573, Vol. 24, nr 9, s. 1297-1301Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    Extract from seeds and bark of horse chestnut (Aesculus hippocastanum L) is used as an herbal medicine against chronic venous insufficiency. The effect and mechanism of action on veins, arteries, and platelets are not fully understood. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects and mechanisms of action of horse chestnut on the contraction of bovine mesenteric veins and arteries, and human platelet aggregation. Contraction studies showed that horse chestnut extract dose-dependently contracted both veins and arteries, with the veins being the most sensitive. Contraction of both veins and arteries were significantly inhibited by the 5-HT(2A) receptor antagonist ketanserin. No effect on contraction was seen with the cyclooxygenase inhibitor indomethacin, the alpha(1) receptor antagonist prazosin or the angiotensin AT(1) receptor antagonist saralasin neither in veins nor arteries. ADP-induced human platelet aggregation was significantly reduced by horse chestnut. A further reduction was seen with the extract in the presence of ketanserin. In conclusion, horse chestnut contraction of both veins and arteries is, at least partly, mediated through 5-HT(2A) receptors. Human platelet aggregation is reduced by horse chestnut. The clinical importance of these findings concerning clinical use, possible adverse effects, and drug interactions remains to be investigated. Copyright (c) 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

  • 48.
    Fägerstam, Patrik
    et al.
    Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Bildmedicinskt centrum, Röntgenkliniken i Linköping. Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för medicin och hälsa, Farmakologi. Linköpings universitet, Hälsouniversitetet.
    Östberg, Anna Karin
    Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för medicin och hälsa, Farmakologi. Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för medicin och hälsa. Linköpings universitet, Hälsouniversitetet.
    Eriksson, Andreas
    Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för medicin och hälsa, Farmakologi. Linköpings universitet, Hälsouniversitetet.
    Fransson, Sven-Göran
    Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för medicin och hälsa, Medicinsk radiologi. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Bildmedicinskt centrum, Röntgenkliniken i Linköping. Linköpings universitet, Hälsouniversitetet.
    Whiss, Per
    Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för medicin och hälsa, Farmakologi. Linköpings universitet, Hälsouniversitetet.
    Similar inhibition of platelet adhesion, P-selectin expression and plasma coagulation by ioversol, iodixanol and ioxaglate2010Inngår i: The British Journal of Radiology, ISSN 0007-1285, Vol. 83, nr 989, s. 401-410Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    Contrast media (CM) are reported to possess both pro-thrombotic and anticoagulant properties. The mechanisms are not clearly understood and early reports are contradictory. To study the effects of CM on haemostasis, we analysed the ex vivo effects of ioversol and iodixanol on platelet adhesion and P-selectin expression, and the in vitro effects of ioversol, iodixanol and ioxaglate on platelet adhesion, P-selectin expression and plasma coagulation. A novel enzymatic assay was used to measure platelet adhesion to protein surfaces and an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to measure platelet P-selectin surface expression. Pro-thrombin time (PT) and activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) were used to measure plasma coagulation. The ex vivo study consisted of blood from 27 outpatients administered ioversol and 9 patients administered iodixanol intravenously. Samples were collected before and 5 min after CM administration. Healthy donors were used for the in vitro studies on the effects of CM. The ex vivo study showed significantly (p<0.05) decreased platelet adhesion and P-selectin expression after administration of ioversol and iodixanol. Adhesion was more affected than P-selectin expression. The in vitro study showed that ioversol, iodixanol and ioaxaglate significantly (p<0.05) and dose dependently (beginning at 3 mg ml(-1)) decreased platelet adhesion and P-selectin expression. APTT and PT were significantly (p<0.01) prolonged at concentrations of 10 mg ml(-1) and 30 mg ml(-1), respectively. In conclusion, ioversol, iodixanol and ioxaglate inhibit platelet adhesion and P-selectin expression, as well as plasma coagulation. Platelets are more sensitive in relation to the inhibiting effect on plasma coagulation.

  • 49.
    Fälker, Knut
    et al.
    Linköpings universitet, Hälsouniversitetet. Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för klinisk och experimentell medicin, Klinisk kemi.
    Haglund, Linda
    Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för medicin och hälsa, Farmakologi. Linköpings universitet, Hälsouniversitetet.
    Gunnarsson, Peter
    Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för medicin och hälsa, Farmakologi. Linköpings universitet, Hälsouniversitetet.
    Nylander, Martina
    Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för medicin och hälsa, Farmakologi. Linköpings universitet, Hälsouniversitetet.
    Lindahl, Tomas
    Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för klinisk och experimentell medicin, Klinisk kemi. Linköpings universitet, Hälsouniversitetet. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Diagnostikcentrum, Klinisk kemi.
    Grenegård, Magnus
    Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för medicin och hälsa, Farmakologi. Linköpings universitet, Hälsouniversitetet.
    Protease-activated receptor 1 (PAR1) signalling desensitization is counteracted via PAR4 signalling in human platelets2011Inngår i: Biochemical Journal, ISSN 0264-6021, E-ISSN 1470-8728, Vol. 436, s. 469-480Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    FARs (protease-activated receptors) 1 and 4 belong to the family of G-protein-coupled receptors which induce both G(alpha 12/13) and G(alpha q) signalling. By applying the specific PAR1- and PAR4-activating hexapeptides, SFLLRN and AYPGKF respectively, we found that aggregation of isolated human platelets mediated via PAR1, but not via PAR4, is abolished upon homologous receptor activation in a concentration- and time-dependent fashion. This effect was not due to receptor internalization, but to a decrease in Ca(2+) mobilization, PKC (protein kinase C) signalling and alpha-granule secretion, as well as to a complete lack of dense granule secretion. Interestingly, subthreshold PAR4 activation rapidly abrogated PAR1 signalling desensitization by differentially reconstituting these affected signalling events and functional responses, which was sufficient to re-establish aggregation. The lack of ADP release and P2Y(12) receptor-induced G(alpha i) signalling accounted for the loss of the aggregation response, as mimicking G(alpha i/z) signalling with 2-MeS-ADP (2-methylthioadenosine-5-O-diphosphate) or epinephrine (adrenaline) could substitute for intermediate PAR4 activation. Finally, we found that the re-sensitization of PAR1 signalling-induced aggregation via PAR4 relied on PKC-mediated release of both ADP from dense granules and fibrinogen from alpha-granules. The present study elucidates further differences in human platelet PAR signalling regulation and provides evidence for a cross-talk in which PAR4 signalling counteracts mechanisms involved in PAR1 signalling down-regulation.

  • 50.
    Godman, B.
    et al.
    Institute for Pharmacological Research, Mario Negri, Milan.
    Wettermark, B.
    Stockholm County Council.
    Hoffmann, M.
    Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för medicin och hälsa, Farmakologi. Linköpings universitet, Hälsouniversitetet.
    Andersson, K.
    Nordic School of Public Health.
    Haycox, A.
    University of Liverpool Management School.
    Gustafsson, L.L.
    Stockholm County Council.
    Multifaceted national and regional drug reforms and initiatives in ambulatory care in Sweden: Global relevance2009Inngår i: Expert Review of Pharmacoeconomics and Outcomes Research, ISSN 1473-7167, Vol. 9, nr 1, s. 65-83Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    It is a continual challenge trying to improve the quality of prescribing while concurrently trying to address increasing pharmaceutical development, utilization and expenditure. National and regional reforms and initiatives in Sweden have moderated growth in ambulatory drug expenditure to 2.7% per annum in recent years despite increasing volumes. National reforms include mandatory generic substitution and value-based pricing alongside devolution of drug budgets to the regions. Regional initiatives include strengthening the role of the regional Drug and Therapeutic Committees, further budget devolution as well as strategies incorporating prescribing guidance and monitoring coupled with financial incentives. The extent and nature of the regional initiatives vary depending on their characteristics. In this article, we compare initiatives undertaken in two major counties, Stockholm and Östergötland, and their outcomes. Outcomes include annual drug budget savings while achieving agreed quality as well as increased adherence to prescribing targets and guidance; the latter associated with savings. Appraising these multifaceted reforms can provide guidance to other countries and regions in view of their diversity. Future steps must incorporate measures to improve the utilization of new expensive drugs, which should include horizon scanning and forecasting activities as well as post-launch activities involving monitoring of prescribing and registries. This may well require cooperation with other European countries.

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