Objective: To investigate respondent satisfaction regarding SF-36 and EQ-5D and patients' perspectives concerning health outcome assessment within routine health care. Methods: Eighteen Swedish hospitals participated in the study which included 30 patient intervention groups (e.g. education groups for patients with ischemic heart disease or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease). Patients responded to SF-36 and EQ-5D before and after ordinary interventions (n = 463), and then completed an evaluation form. Results: Regarding respondent satisfaction, most patients found both questionnaires easy to understand (70% vs. 75% for SF-36 and EQ-5D respectively), easy to respond to (54% vs. 60%), and that they gave the ability of describing their health in a comprehensive way (68% for both). Health outcome assessment in routine health care was perceived as valuable by 57% of the patients, while 4% disapproved. Most patients (68%) considered both questionnaires equally suitable, 25% preferred SF-36 and 8% EQ-5D. Among those who were more satisfied with a short questionnaire (EQ-5D), several still preferred a longer and more comprehensive questionnaire (SF-36). Conclusion: Health outcome assessment within routine health care seems to be acceptable, and even appreciated, by patients. Questionnaire length and ease of response were not found to be crucial arguments in choosing between SF-36 and EQ-5D. © 2007 Springer Science+Business Media B.V.
Molecular life science has become one of the fastest-growing fields of scientific and technical innovation. An important issue for tomorrow-s education is to meet the challenge posed by various facets of molecular life science. This thesis highlights four aspects of molecular life science education: the rapid production and flow of information, its multi- and interdisciplinary character, the complexity of life phenomena and our knowledge of them, and the high level of abstraction of the knowledge produced. Images, diagrams and other forms of visualization are playing increasingly important roles in molecular life science teaching and research, both for conveying information and as conceptual tools, transforming the way we think about the events and processes the subject covers. This study examines how upper secondary school students interpret visualizations of proteins. The participating students were taking different variants of the natural science program in the second (grade 11) or third (grade 12) year of their upper secondary school education in Sweden. A set of 107 students answered a questionnaire with open-ended questions about proteins, and 20 were interviewed in semi-structured, revised clinical interviews. The interviews were structured around 2D illustrations of proteins and an animated representation of water molecules being transported through a channel in the cell membrane. The results from the study indicate occurrence of alternative conceptions relating to scale and systems level, DNA-related problems and confusion about the properties of the cell membrane. Three sources of difficulties regarding the ability to visualize biomolecular processes were identified: the complexity of biomolecular processes, the dynamic nature of the processes and extrapolations between 2D and 3D conceptions. The results indicate that the students may possess an understanding of a process (expressed in the visual code) which they cannot express in words. The results also indicate that beginner students use a kind of intermediate language when learning a new content area, frequently making use of metaphors, some that they have obtained from their teaching and some that they create themselves, i.e. spontaneous metaphors. They also make use of words that seemingly have no meaning, such as -plupp- and -flopp-. These words are here referred to as helpwords. The results from this study indicate that spontaneous metaphors and helpwords do take on a meaning in learning situations and that they play a role in the meaning-making of the students.
Images, diagrams and other forms of visualization are playing increasingly important roles in molecular life science teaching and research, both for conveying information and as conceptual tools, transforming the way we think about the events and processes the subject covers. This study examines how upper secondary school students interpret visualizations of proteins in the form of 2D images and animations. A set of 107 students taking different variants of the natural science program answered a questionnaire with open-ended questions about proteins, and 20 were interviewed in semi-structured, revised clinical interviews. The interviews were structured around three 2D illustrations of proteins and an animated representation of water molecules being transported through a channel in the cell membrane. The results from the study indicate occurrence of alternative conceptions relating to scale and systems level, DNA-related problems and confusion about the properties of the cell membrane. Three sources of difficulties regarding the ability to visualize biomolecular processes were identified: the complexity of biomolecular processes, the dynamic nature of the processes and extrapolations between 2D and 3D conceptions.
I denna antologi ges en bred bild av svensk NO-didaktisk forskning. Såväl teoretiska forskningsperspektiv som empiriska frågeställningar belyses i antologins olika artiklar. I fokus står forskningsresultat som behandlar hur naturvetenskapsbaserad kunskap kommuniceras i skolan. Naturvetenskapens språk skiljer sig ofta från vardagsspråket, vilket innebär ett annat sätt att tänka och resonera än vad man är van vid i vardagslivet. Att abstrahera och generalisera är naturvetenskapens styrka och nyckeln till dess unika framgång. Men det ställer krav på den kommunikativa förmågan. Den kommunikativa utmaningen ställs på sin spets i skolans undervisning och lärande i NO-ämnen, där förutom naturvetenskaplig kunskap även etiska och samhälleliga värderingar ingår. Boken är avsedd för studerande i akademisk utbildning och kan användas i det utvecklingsarbete som bedrivs av lärare, lärarkandidater och lärarutbildare. Den kan också läsas av dem som är generellt intresserade av möjligheterna och hindren att förmedla naturvetenskaplig kunskap.
Recension av avhandlingen -Sharing lived experience. How upper secondary school chemistry teachers and students use narratives to make chemistry more meaningful- författad av Agneta Boström. ISBN 13:978-91-7656-617-6.
The educational challenge of polysemy of words used both in non-formal(every-day) and scientific formal languages is addressed. An analysing tool has been elaborated to make this kind of polysemy of words explicit by discerning three different sets of meaning: non-formal, a scientific quality and a physical quantity, respectively. The discernment process is a particular way of seeing the critical aspects of variation of meaning simultaneously connected to one and the same invariant word.
En beskrivning av den nationella forskarskolan i naturvetenskapernas och teknikens didaktik, behov, organisation, program och verksamhet.
En diskussion av didaktikens plats i lärarutbildningen i anslutning till de tre nationella rapporter om lärarutbildning som publicerades 1996.
Ord har ofta olika mening i vardagsspråk och vetenskapligt språk. Så är det exempelvis med energi, värme och massa. I naturvetenskapligt språk betecknar dessa ord främst fysikaliska storheter med precis innebörd, medan de i vardagsspråk framför allt är knutna till fenomen. Denna problematik illustreras av resultat från en översiktlig analys av den aktuella kursplanen i fysik för grundskolan (i anslutning till Lpo 94). Distinktionen mellan objekt, fenomen och fysikaliska storheter är betydelsefull för möjligheten att bilda klara begrepp. Om avsikten är att eleverna skall lära sig naturvetenskap förutsätter detta att de fysikaliska storheterna urskiljs och förstås inom ramen för de teoriramar där de hör hemma. Laborativt arbete lyfts ofta fram som lösningen på de svårigheter studerande har att tillägna sig naturvetenskapliga begrepp. Vad man då bortser från är naturvetenskapens diskursiva sida. Att lära naturvetenskap handlar om att bli delaktig i specifika sätt att tänka och resonera om världen, ofta med matematiken som kommunikativt instrument.
En analys och diskussion av frågeställningarna i den nationella utvärderingen av de naturvetenskapliga ämnena i skolan 1992.
One of the most significant developments in school education in recent years has been the development and introduction of standards, a subject of considerable controversy. This book is the result of a symposium held in Kiel, a symposium that was arranged by two leading science education groups, one at IPN (Leibniz Institute for Science Education at the University of Kiel) in Germany and the other at the University of York, UK. The seminar brought together experts from 15 countries. These countries include those that have extensive experience with the effects of standards on the educational system, on individual schools and teachers and on students. Other reports concern countries which are introducing them shortly and yet others on countries that are in the early stages of development of standards. 11 are from Europe and the others are from Australia, Israel, Taiwan and the U.S. The book is divided into three parts.<BR><BR>In Part A, two of the organizers set the scene, describing the reasons for arranging the symposium and outlining the preparations and the work done at the meeting. Part B contains 17 reports from the 15 countries and in Part C, there are two summaries, analysing the conclusions, taken from two different vantage points.<BR><BR>The controversies surrounding standards remain. However, this book gives a succinct and authoritative overall account of the advantages and disadvantages of their introduction taken from the experiences of many countries.
Engineering education offer traditionally problem-based courses and projects with the intention to prepare the students for future carriers. In this article we present an exploratory study of a transnational collaborative project involving students in masters programs in Mechatronics and Mechanical Engineering at KTH Sweden and Stanford University, California USA. The empirical data indicate improved interdisciplinary learning and increased knowledge and skills in related areas. Somewhat counter-intuitive we found that the problems posed by differences in time and space can be apprehended as learning opportunities, however under proper guidance of the teacher.
Die Didaktik des molbegriffs ist immer noch umstritten. Dieser phänomenographische untersuchung ist ein beitrag zum konzeptualisierung die Begiffs Mol und Stoffmenge von 29 schwedishen Schüler und Schülerinnen. Das Ergebnis der auf Veherstehensprocesse ausgerichteten Untersuchung liefert auch zu einen Beitrag für die Chemie selbst, um zu die begriffliche Unklarheiten bei den Begriffen Mol und Stoffmenge zu klären.
This study describe students´ conceptions of 1 mol and chemistry educators' conceptions of how they teach 'the mole' by means of a collective 'teaching model' consisting of five different sets of conceptions, in which the first set is of general character and largely determines the educators´ teaching approaches, described by the remaining four sets of conceptions.
In this study an outcome space of four categories - fundamentals - are constructed according to 28 experienced chemistry educators´ conceptions of the unit 1 mole. Our claim is that the fundamentals can be used as tools to make conceptual ambiguities explicit both in individuals and textbooks. They can also be a starting point for designing teaching models concerning "mol" and the physical quantity "amount of substance".
Boken handlar om den svåra konsten att värna sin personliga integritet i förhållande till modernitetens centrala maktinstitutioner: masskomm unikation, vetenskap och politik. Boken diskuterar och analyserar vår utsatthet i det moderna. Ytterst gäller denna diskussion den moderna d emokratins grundfrågor. En rad framstående forskare medverkar.
This paper examines how participants in an interpreter-mediated televised interview communicate involvement in a shared event. It takes as a case in point an interview where Michail Gorbachev, accompanied by his interpreter Pavel Palazchenko, appear on the -ALL TALK show-, hosted by the BBC journalist Clive Anderson. Detailed analysis of the interview demonstrates how the interpreter-s physical presence helps shape a shared image of him as someone -just translating-. It is suggested, that the efficiency by which his translation work is communicated, apart from owing to the interpreter-s fluency in English and Russian, is due to the others- communicative behaviour. While addressing one another as conversational partners and interacting with the studio audience and the viewer, they cast him variably as sharing and not fully sharing their ongoing exchange. Moreover, his efficiency as interpreter is shown to be a result of his ability to anticipate grammatical and pragmatic features of turn composition. Overall, the study demonstrates how detailed analyses of real-life interpreter-mediated interaction can assist in explaining and teasing apart the illusive -invisibility- of interpreters.
This paper examines a televised interview that BBC journalist and show host Clive Anderson conducted with the former head of state of the dissolved USSR, Mikhail Gorbachev, assisted by the interpreter Pavel Palazchenko. The paper explores this interview, focusing on its opening and closing, its local organization, and the involvement of the audience. Applying conversation analysis, the paper traces the generic belonging of current talk and looks into a variety of features that shaped the image of Gorbachev as a television personality in British TV. It demonstrates how Gorbachev and Anderson moved between and played with a ‘talk show interview’ and a ‘news interview’ framing of interaction. The analysis demonstrates how the encounter helped portray Gorbachev as a witty and adequate performer, irrespective of the fact that he did not speak English—the language of the broadcast and of the viewers. This was due to what he said, but no less to how he performed, and not least to his way of utilizing the assistance of the highly skilled interpreter, and also, I will argue, to the fact that the interview allowed him to take part in a shared game of entertainment, in a genuinely hybrid form of talk.
Boken om den tappre soldaten Svejk kom ut på svenska kring år 1930. Drygt 60 år senare översattes den på nytt. Vilka förändringar i översättningen kan spåras? Vilken översättning ligger närmast originalet? Det är frågor som diskuteras i denna antologi.
Antologin presenterar olika perspektiv ur vilka översatta och tolkade texter kan studeras. Infallsvinklarna skiljer sig från artikel till artikel. Samtliga författare anser dock att det är lika viktigt att studera det sammanhang där översättningarna blir till och tas emot som att studera de översatta texterna i sig.
De åtta artiklarna tar bland annat upp skönlitterära översättningar av Nobelpristagaren Nadine Gordimer, sakprosa i produktbroschyrer och tolkens roll, här i en tv-intervju med Michail Gorbatjov. Boken vänder sig till studerande inom översättningsvetenskap och redan verksamma översättare men också till alla med intresse för översättarens arbete.
Gränslösa texter har redigerats av Yvonne Lindqvist som är forskare och lärare vid Tolk- och översättarinstitutet, Stockholms universitet.
I denna bok behandlas frågor om vad förskolans uppdrag innebär och hur synen på omsorg och bilden av barnet har förändrats, samt hur barndomsforskningen förhåller sig till frågor om barns kompetens och barns beroende. Förskolan diskuteras som en plats för barn, men där också barnen skapar egna platser. Ann-Marie Markström, Maria Simonsson och Eva Änggård har i sina avhandlingar studerat hur barn använder sig av förskolan och de bidrar med varsitt kapitel i boken.