liu.seSearch for publications in DiVA
Change search
Refine search result
1234567 1 - 50 of 794
CiteExportLink to result list
Permanent link
Cite
Citation style
  • apa
  • ieee
  • modern-language-association-8th-edition
  • vancouver
  • oxford
  • Other style
More styles
Language
  • de-DE
  • en-GB
  • en-US
  • fi-FI
  • nn-NO
  • nn-NB
  • sv-SE
  • Other locale
More languages
Output format
  • html
  • text
  • asciidoc
  • rtf
Rows per page
  • 5
  • 10
  • 20
  • 50
  • 100
  • 250
Sort
  • Standard (Relevance)
  • Author A-Ö
  • Author Ö-A
  • Title A-Ö
  • Title Ö-A
  • Publication type A-Ö
  • Publication type Ö-A
  • Issued (Oldest first)
  • Issued (Newest first)
  • Created (Oldest first)
  • Created (Newest first)
  • Last updated (Oldest first)
  • Last updated (Newest first)
  • Disputation date (earliest first)
  • Disputation date (latest first)
  • Standard (Relevance)
  • Author A-Ö
  • Author Ö-A
  • Title A-Ö
  • Title Ö-A
  • Publication type A-Ö
  • Publication type Ö-A
  • Issued (Oldest first)
  • Issued (Newest first)
  • Created (Oldest first)
  • Created (Newest first)
  • Last updated (Oldest first)
  • Last updated (Newest first)
  • Disputation date (earliest first)
  • Disputation date (latest first)
Select
The maximal number of hits you can export is 250. When you want to export more records please use the Create feeds function.
  • 1.
    Adén, Sebastian
    Linköping University, Department of Electrical Engineering, Vehicular Systems. Linköping University, The Institute of Technology.
    Modellbaserad diagnostik tillämpad för hydrauliska applikationer2013Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (Two Years)), 20 credits / 30 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [sv]

    I en globaliserad värld där produktägare finner sina produkter på alltmer avslägsna platser, ökar behovet av att på ett så ekonomiskt och tidseffektivt sätt som möjligt, utföra reperationer och underhållningsarbeten. Att erbjuda en stark och mer effektiv eftermarknadssupport kan öka företagens konkurrenskraft och framför allt göra dem kostnadseffektiva med avseende på lägre bemanningsstyrka. Ett sätt att underlätta underhållningsarbetet är genom att använda modellbaserad diagnos för att generera underlag vid exempelvis reperationsarbeten.

    Denna rapport undersöker möjligheterna att utifrån en modell av en hydraulisk applikation, utföra autogenererad diagnostik bland annat iform av felträdsanalys.

    Innehållet i rapporten beskriver även hur modelleringsarbetet har gått till och utveckling av modellens ingående komponenter.

    Examensarbetet är utfört på Combitech AB, Linköping. 

    Download full text (pdf)
    fulltext
  • 2.
    Ahlberg, Jesper
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Electrical Engineering, Vehicular Systems.
    Blomquist, Esbjörn
    Linköping University, Department of Electrical Engineering, Vehicular Systems.
    Online Identification of Running Resistance and Available Adhesion of Trains2011Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (Two Years)), 20 credits / 30 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Two important physical aspects that determine the performance of a running train are the total running resistance that acts on the whole train moving forward, and the available adhesion (utilizable wheel-rail-friction) for propulsion and breaking. Using the measured and available signals, online identification of the current running resistance and available adhesion and also prediction of future values for a distance ahead of the train, is desired. With the aim to enhance the precision of those calculations, this thesis investigates the potential of online identification and prediction utilizing the Extended Kalman Filter.

    The conclusions are that problems with observability and sensitivity arise, which result in a need for sophisticated methods to numerically derive the acceleration from the velocity signal. The smoothing spline approximation is shown to provide the best results for this numerical differentiation. Sensitivity and its need for high accuracy, especially in the acceleration signal, results in a demand of higher sample frequency. A desire for other profound ways of collecting further information, or to enhance the models, arises with possibilities of future work in the field.

    Download full text (pdf)
    Ahlberg, Blomquist - Online Identification of Running Resistance and Available Adhesion of Trains
  • 3. Order onlineBuy this publication >>
    Albrektsson, Jörgen
    Linköping University, Department of Electrical Engineering, Vehicular Systems. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Optimisation of Off-Road Transport Missions2018Licentiate thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    Mines, construction sites, road construction and quarries are examples of applications where construction equipment are used. In a production chain consisting of several construction machines working together, the work needs to be optimised and coordinated to achieve an environmental friendly, energy efficient and productive production. Recent rapid development within positioning services, telematics and human machine interfaces (HMI) opens up for control of individual machines and optimisation of transport missions where several construction machines co-operate.

    The production chain on a work site can be split up in different sub-tasks of which some can be transport missions. Taking off in a transport mission where one wheel loader ("loader" hereinafter) and two articulated haulers ("haulers" hereinafter) co-operate to transport material at a set production rate [ton/h], a method for fuel optimal control is developed. On the mission level, optimal cycle times for individual sub-tasks such as wheel loader loading, hauler transport and hauler return, are established through the usage of Pareto fronts.

    The haulers Pareto fronts are built through the development of a Dynamic Programming (DP) algorithm that trades fuel consumption versus cycle time for a road stretch by means of a time penalty constant. Through varying the time penalty constant n number of times, discrete fuel consumption - cycle time values can be achieved, forming the Pareto front. At a later stage, the same DP algorithm is used to generate fuel optimal vehicle speed and gear trajectories that are used as control signals for the haulers. Input to the DP algorithm is the distance to be travelled, road inclination, rolling resistance coefficient and a max speed limit to avoid unrealistic optimisation results.

    Thus, a method to describe the road and detect the road related data is needed to enable the optimisation. A map module is built utilising an extended Kalman Filter, Rauch-Tung-Striebel smoother and sensor fusion to merge data and estimate parameters not observable by sensors. The map module uses a model of the vehicle, sensor signals from a GPS or GNSS sensor and machine sensors to establish a map of the road.

    The wheel loader Pareto front is based on data developed in previous research combined with Volvo in-house data. The developed optimisation algorithms are implemented on a PC and in an interactive computer tablet based system. A human machine interface is created for the tablet, guiding the operators to follow the optimal control signals, which is speed for the haulers and cycle time for the loader. To evaluate the performance of the system it is tested in real working conditions.

    The contributions develop algorithms, set up a demo mission control system and carry out experiments. Altogether rendering in a platform that can be used as a base for a future design of an off-road transport mission control system.

    List of papers
    1. Road estimation and fuel optimal control of an off-road vehicle
    Open this publication in new window or tab >>Road estimation and fuel optimal control of an off-road vehicle
    2017 (English)In: Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Vehicle Technology and Intelligent Transport Systems, SciTePress, 2017, p. 58-67Conference paper, Published paper (Refereed)
    Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
    SciTePress, 2017
    National Category
    Control Engineering
    Identifiers
    urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-142731 (URN)10.5220/0006247200580067 (DOI)000671783900005 ()978-989-758-242-4 (ISBN)
    Conference
    3rd International Conference on Vehicle Technology and Intelligent Transport Systems, VEHITS 2017, April 22-24, 2017, in Porto, Portugal
    Available from: 2018-04-03 Created: 2018-04-03 Last updated: 2024-02-01
    2. Fuel Optimal Control of an Articulated Hauler Utilising a Human Machine Interface
    Open this publication in new window or tab >>Fuel Optimal Control of an Articulated Hauler Utilising a Human Machine Interface
    2019 (English)In: Smart Cities, Green Technologies, and Intelligent Transport Systems / [ed] Donnellan, Brian; Klein, Cornel; Helfert, Markus; Gusikhin, Oleg; Pascoal, António, Springer International Publishing , 2019, p. 190-208Conference paper, Published paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Utilising optimal control presents an opportunity to increase the fuel efficiency in an off-road transport mission conducted by an articulated hauler. A human machine interface (HMI) instructing the hauler operator to follow the fuel optimal vehicle speed trajectory has been developed and tested in real working conditions. The HMI implementation includes a Dynamic Programming based method to calculate the optimal vehicle speed and gear shift trajectories. Input to the optimisation algorithm is road related data such as distance, road inclination and rolling resistance. The road related data is estimated in a map module utilising an Extended Kalman Filter (EKF), a Rauch-Tung-Striebel smoother and a data fusion algorithm. Two test modes were compared: (1) The hauler operator tried to follow the optimal vehicle speed trajectory as presented in the HMI and (2) the operator was given a constant target speed to follow. The objective of the second test mode is to achieve an approximately equal cycle time as for the optimally controlled transport mission, hence, with similar productivity. A small fuel efficiency improvement was found when the human machine interface was used.

    Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
    Springer International Publishing, 2019
    Series
    Communications in Computer and Information Science book series (CCIS), ISSN 1865-0929, E-ISSN 1865-0937 ; 921
    Keywords
    Off-road, Construction equipment, Human machine interface, Optimal control, Dynamic programming, Kalman filters
    National Category
    Vehicle Engineering
    Identifiers
    urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-153311 (URN)10.1007/978-3-030-02907-4_10 (DOI)000590141300010 ()978-3-030-02906-7 (ISBN)978-3-030-02907-4 (ISBN)
    Conference
    6th International Conference, SMARTGREENS 2017 and Third International Conference, VEHITS 2017, Porto, Portugal, April 22–24, 2017
    Note

    Funding agencies: Volvo CE; FFI - Strategic Vehicle Research and Innovation

    Available from: 2018-12-12 Created: 2018-12-12 Last updated: 2020-12-07
    3. Fuel optimal control of an off-road transport mission
    Open this publication in new window or tab >>Fuel optimal control of an off-road transport mission
    2018 (English)In: 2018 IEEE International Conference on Industrial Technology (ICIT), 2018, p. 175-180Conference paper, Published paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    To coordinate and optimise an off-road transport mission, on which a wheel loader and two articulated haulers cooperate, a fuel-optimal control algorithm is developed. The control algorithm utilises Pareto fronts of fuel consumption versus cycle time to e

    National Category
    Electrical Engineering, Electronic Engineering, Information Engineering
    Identifiers
    urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-151856 (URN)10.1109/ICIT.2018.8352172 (DOI)000494652000027 ()978-1-5090-5949-2 (ISBN)
    Conference
    2018 IEEE International Conference on Industrial Technology (ICIT), 19-22 Feb.,Lyon, France
    Note

    Funding agencies:  Volvo CE; FFI - Strategic Vehicle Research and Innovation

    Available from: 2018-10-06 Created: 2018-10-06 Last updated: 2020-01-09
    Download full text (pdf)
    Optimisation of Off-Road Transport Missions
    Download (pdf)
    omslag
    Download (png)
    presentationsbild
  • 4.
    Albrektsson, Jörgen
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Electrical Engineering, Vehicular Systems. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering. Volvo Construction Equipment, Eskilstuna, Sweden.
    Åslund, Jan
    Linköping University, Department of Electrical Engineering, Vehicular Systems. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Fuel Optimal Control of an Articulated Hauler Utilising a Human Machine Interface2019In: Smart Cities, Green Technologies, and Intelligent Transport Systems / [ed] Donnellan, Brian; Klein, Cornel; Helfert, Markus; Gusikhin, Oleg; Pascoal, António, Springer International Publishing , 2019, p. 190-208Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Utilising optimal control presents an opportunity to increase the fuel efficiency in an off-road transport mission conducted by an articulated hauler. A human machine interface (HMI) instructing the hauler operator to follow the fuel optimal vehicle speed trajectory has been developed and tested in real working conditions. The HMI implementation includes a Dynamic Programming based method to calculate the optimal vehicle speed and gear shift trajectories. Input to the optimisation algorithm is road related data such as distance, road inclination and rolling resistance. The road related data is estimated in a map module utilising an Extended Kalman Filter (EKF), a Rauch-Tung-Striebel smoother and a data fusion algorithm. Two test modes were compared: (1) The hauler operator tried to follow the optimal vehicle speed trajectory as presented in the HMI and (2) the operator was given a constant target speed to follow. The objective of the second test mode is to achieve an approximately equal cycle time as for the optimally controlled transport mission, hence, with similar productivity. A small fuel efficiency improvement was found when the human machine interface was used.

  • 5.
    Albrektsson, Jörgen
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Electrical Engineering, Vehicular Systems. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Åslund, Jan
    Linköping University, Department of Electrical Engineering, Vehicular Systems. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Fuel optimal control of an off-road transport mission2018In: 2018 IEEE International Conference on Industrial Technology (ICIT), 2018, p. 175-180Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    To coordinate and optimise an off-road transport mission, on which a wheel loader and two articulated haulers cooperate, a fuel-optimal control algorithm is developed. The control algorithm utilises Pareto fronts of fuel consumption versus cycle time to e

  • 6.
    Albrektsson, Jörgen
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Electrical Engineering, Vehicular Systems. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Åslund, Jan
    Linköping University, Department of Electrical Engineering, Vehicular Systems. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Road estimation and fuel optimal control of an off-road vehicle2017In: Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Vehicle Technology and Intelligent Transport Systems, SciTePress, 2017, p. 58-67Conference paper (Refereed)
  • 7.
    Alegret, Guillem
    et al.
    MAN Diesel & Turbo, Copenhagen, Denmark.
    Llamas, Xavier
    Linköping University, Department of Electrical Engineering, Vehicular Systems. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Vejlgaard-Laursen, Morten
    MAN Diesel & Turbo, Copenhagen, Denmark.
    Eriksson, Lars
    Linköping University, Department of Electrical Engineering, Vehicular Systems. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Modeling of a Large Marine Two-Stroke Diesel Engine with Cylinder Bypass Valve and EGR System2015In: 10th IFAC Conference on Manoeuvring and Control of Marine Craft MCMC 2015: Copenhagen, 24–26 August 2015 / [ed] Roberto Galeazzi and Mogens Blanke, IFAC Papers Online, 2015, Vol. 48, p. 273-278Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    A nonlinear mean value engine model (MVEM) of a two-stroke turbocharged marine diesel engine is developed, parameterized and validated against measurement data. The goal is to have a computationally fast and accurate engine model that captures the main dynamics and can be used in the development of control systems for the newly introduced EGR system. The tuning procedure used is explained, and the result is a six-state MVEM with seven control inputs that capture the main system dynamics.

    Download full text (pdf)
    fulltext
  • 8.
    Alfredsson, Sandra
    Linköping University, Department of Electrical Engineering, Vehicular Systems.
    Model Based Diagnosis of an Air Source Heat Pump2011Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (Two Years)), 20 credits / 30 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    The purpose of a heat pump is to control the temperature of an enclosed space. This is done by using heat exchange with a heat source, for example water, air, or ground. In the air source heat pump that has been studied during this master thesis, a refrigerant exchanges heat with the outdoor air and with a water distribution system.

    The heat pump is controlled through the circuit containing the refrigerant and it is therefore crucial that this circuit is functional. To ensure this, a diagnosis system has been created, to be able to detect and isolate sensor errors. The diagnosis system is based on mathematical models of the refrigerant circuit with its main components: a compressor, an expansion valve, a plate heat exchanger, an air heat exchanger, and a four-way valve. Data has been collected from temperature- and pressure sensors on an air source heat pump. The data has then been divided into data for model estimation and data for model validation. The models are used to create test quantities, which in turn are used by a diagnosis algorithm to determine whether an error has occurred or not.

    There are nine temperature sensors and two pressure sensors on the studied air source heat pump. Four fault modes have been investigated for each sensor: Stuck, Offset, Short circuit and Open circuit. The designed diagnosis system is able to detect all of the investigated error modes and isolate 40 out of 44 single errors. However, there is room for improvement by constructing more test quantities to detect errors and decouple more fault modes. To further develop the diagnosis system, the existing models can be improved and new models can be created.

    Download full text (pdf)
    fulltext
  • 9.
    Alkelin, Viktor
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Electrical Engineering, Vehicular Systems.
    Christiansen, Casper
    Linköping University, Department of Electrical Engineering, Vehicular Systems.
    Alternative Input Devices for Steer-by-Wire Systems2020Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (Two Years)), 20 credits / 30 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    With the recent push towards autonomous cars, a traditional steering wheel with its mechanical connection between the road and driver may soon be unnecessary. To facilitate interior design and lower production costs whilst still maintaining a manual alternative for maneuvering, an alternative steering input device relying on Steer-by-Wire technology is investigated.

    In order to finish the investigation and development of the steering device within the time-span of a master thesis, the limitation to only investigate the design of a hand wheel was established.

    The finished alternative steering device utilises an optical encoder for position measurement and a brushless direct current (DC) motor with a planetary gearbox for force feedback. Open-loop speed control proved to be insufficient with the available hardware. Instead, an approach of two PD-controllers regulating the angular error between the steering rack and the steering device was implemented successfully.

    Initially, mathematical models of the system components were derived and implemented in Mathworks Simulink. The transition from models to test rig implementation proved to be difficult due to unknown parameters in the hardware components such as embedded controllers in the steering gear and the internal works of the sensor emulator used to control the steering gear. By modifying parameters in accordance with system identification measurements performed on the test rig, the models could be validated.

    At the end of the project, a Volvo S60 was made available and the steering device was tested with real world driving. It was discovered that controllers tuned only for good reference following in the test rig did not translate to good driveability as the controller allowed for overly aggressive maneuvers. Following some in vehicle tuning, the proposed solution performed well during testing with surprisingly high drive-ability.

    For future iterations of similar hand wheel design projects, a user study was performed with regards to user experience, hand wheel size and perceived driveability.

    Download full text (pdf)
    fulltext
  • 10.
    Almgren, Johan
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Electrical Engineering, Vehicular Systems.
    Elingsbo, Gustav
    Linköping University, Department of Electrical Engineering, Vehicular Systems.
    Route Based Optimal Control Strategy for Plug-In Hybrid Electric Vehicles2017Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (Two Years)), 20 credits / 30 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    More restrictive emission legislations, rising fuel prices and the realisation that oil is a limited resource have lead to the emergence of the hybrid electric vehicles.To fully utilise the potential of the hybrid electric vehicles, energy management strategies are needed. The main objective of the strategy is to ensure that the limited electric energy is utilised in an efficient manner.This thesis develops and evaluates an optimisation based energy management strategy for plug-in hybrid electric vehicles. The optimisation methods used are based on a dynamic programming and ECMS approach. The strategy is validated against Vsim, Volvo Cars' performance and fuel consumption analysis tool as well as against strategies where parts of the optimisation is replaced by logic. The results show that the developed strategy consumes less fuel both compared to the corresponding Vsim strategy and the logic strategies.

    Download full text (pdf)
    fulltext
  • 11. Almqvist, Erik
    et al.
    Eriksson, Daniel
    Linköping University, Department of Electrical Engineering, Vehicular Systems.
    Lundberg, Andreas
    Nilsson, Emil
    Wahlström, Niklas
    Frisk, Erik
    Linköping University, Department of Electrical Engineering, Vehicular Systems.
    Krysander, Mattias
    Linköping University, Department of Electrical Engineering, Vehicular Systems.
    Solving the ADAPT Benchmark Problem - A Student Project Study2010Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    This paper describes a solution to the Advanced Diagnosis and Prognostics testbed (ADAPT) diagnosis benchmark problem. One main objective was to study and discuss how engineering students, with no diagnosis research background, would solve a challenging diagnosis problem. The study was performed within the framework of a final year project course for control engineering students. A main contribution of the work is the discussion on the development process used by the students. The solution is based on physical models of components and includes common techniques from control theory, like observers and parameter estimators, together with established algorithms for consistency based fault isolation. The system is fully implemented in C++ and evaluated, using the DXC software platform, with good diagnosis performance.

  • 12.
    Almén, Marcus
    Linköping University, Department of Electrical Engineering, Vehicular Systems.
    Driver Model for Mission-Based Driving Cycles2017Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (Two Years)), 20 credits / 30 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    When further demands are placed on emissions and performance of cars, trucks and busses, the vehicle manufacturers are looking to have cheap ways to evaluate their products for specific customers' needs. Using simulation tools to quickly compare use cases instead of manually recording data is a possible way forward. However, existing traffic simulation tools do not provide enough detail in each vehicle for the driving to represent real life driving patterns with regards to road features.

    For the purpose of this thesis data has been recorded by having different people drive a specific route featuring highway driving, traffic lights and many curves. Using this data, models have then been estimated that describe how human drivers adjust their speed through curves, how long braking distances typically are with respect to the driving speed, and the varying deceleration during braking sequences. An additional model has also been created that produces a speed variation when driving on highways. In the end all models are implemented in Matlab using a traffic control interface to interact with the traffic simulation tool SUMO.

    The results of this work are promising with the improved simulation being able to replicate the most significant characteristics seen from human drivers when approaching curves, traffic lights and intersections.

    Download full text (pdf)
    fulltext
  • 13.
    Andersson, Anders
    et al.
    Statens väg- och transportforskningsinstitut, Fordonsteknik och simulering, FTS, Linköping, Sweden.
    Kharrazi, Sogol
    Statens väg- och transportforskningsinstitut, Fordonsteknik och simulering, FTS, Linköping, Sweden.
    Lind, Simon
    Statens väg- och transportforskningsinstitut, Fordonsteknik och simulering, FTS, Linköping, Sweden.
    Myklebust, Andreas
    Linköping University, Department of Electrical Engineering, Vehicular Systems. Linköping University, The Institute of Technology.
    Parameterization procedure of a powertrain model for a driving simulator2016In: Advances in Transportation Studies, ISSN 1824-5463, Vol. 1, p. 99-112Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The automotive industry is facing a major challenge to reduce environmental impacts. As a consequence, the increasing diversity of powertrain configurations put a demand on testing and evaluation procedures. One of the key tools for this purpose is simulators. In this paper a powertrain model and a procedure for parameterizing it, using chassis dynamometers and a developed pedal robot are presented. The parameterizing procedure uses the on-board diagnostics of the car and does not require any additional invasive sensors.

    Thus, the developed powertrain model and parameterization procedure provide a rapid non- invasive way of modelling powertrains of test cars. The parameterizing procedure has been used to model a front wheel drive Golf V with a 1.4L multi-fuel engine and a manual gearbox. The achieved results show a good match between simulation results and test data. The powertrain model has also been tested in real-time in a driving simulator.

  • 14.
    Andersson, Anders
    et al.
    Vehicle Technology and Simulation, VTI, Linköping, Sweden.
    Nyberg, Peter
    Linköping University, Department of Electrical Engineering, Vehicular Systems. Linköping University, The Institute of Technology.
    Sehammar, Håkan
    Vehicle Technology and Simulation, VTI, Linköping, Sweden.
    Öberg, Per
    Linköping University, Department of Electrical Engineering, Vehicular Systems. Linköping University, The Institute of Technology.
    Vehicle Powertrain Test Bench Co-Simulation with a Moving Base Simulator Using a Pedal Robot2013In: SAE International Journal of Passenger Cars - Electronic and Electrical Systems, ISSN 1946-4614, E-ISSN 1946-4622, Vol. 6, no 1, p. 169-179Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    To evaluate driver perception of a vehicle powertrain a moving base simulator is a well-established technique. We are connecting the moving base simulator Sim III, at the Swedish National Road and Transport Research Institute with a newly built chassis dynamometer at Vehicular Systems, Linköping University. The purpose of the effort is to enhance fidelity of moving base simulators by letting drivers experience an actual powertrain. At the same time technicians are given a new tool for evaluating powertrain solutions in a controlled environment. As a first step the vehicle model from the chassis dynamometer system has been implemented in Sim III. Interfacing software was developed and an optical fiber covering the physical distance of 500 m between the facilities is used to connect the systems. Further, a pedal robot has been developed that uses two linear actuators pressing the accelerator and brake pedals. The pedal robot uses feedback loops on accelerator position or brake cylinder pressure and is controlled via an UDP interface. Results from running the complete setup showed expected functionality and we are successful in performing a driving mission based on real road topography data. Vehicle acceleration and general driving feel was perceived as realistic by the test subjects while braking still needs improvements. The pedal robot construction enables use of a large set of cars available on the market and except for mounting the brake pressure sensor the time to switch vehicle is approximately 30 minutes.

  • 15.
    Andersson, Conny
    Linköping University, Department of Electrical Engineering, Vehicular Systems. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Design of the Modelica Library VehProLib with Non-ideal Gas Models in Engines2015Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (Two Years)), 20 credits / 30 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    This thesis covers the reconstruction and the redesign of the modeling library VehProLib,which is constructed in the modeling language Modelica with help of the modeling toolWolfram SystemModeler. The design choices are discussed and implemented. This thesisalso includes the implementation of a turbocharger package and an initial study of the justificationof the ideal gas law in vehicle modeling. The study is made with help of Van derWaals equation of states as a reference of non-ideal gas model. It will be shown that for themean-value-engine-model, the usage of ideal gas law is justified.

    Download full text (pdf)
    Design_of_the_Modelica_Library_VehProLib_with_Non-ideal_Gas_Models_in_Engines
  • 16.
    Andersson, Erik
    Linköping University, Department of Electrical Engineering, Vehicular Systems. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Modelling of Cranking Behaviour in Heavy Duty Truck Engines2015Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (Two Years)), 20 credits / 30 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    In modern heavy duty trucks the battery is a central component. Its traditional role as an energy source for engine cranking has been extended to include powering a number of elec- trical components on the truck, both during driving and during standstill. As a consequence of this it is important to know how much a battery in use has aged and lost in terms of ca- pacity and power output. The difficulty in measuring these factors on a battery in use causes problem, since heavy duty truck batteries are often replaced too early or too late, leading to unnecessary high replacement costs or truck standstill respectively.

    The overall goal of the effort, of which this thesis is a part, is to use a model of the cranking behaviour of a heavy duty truck engine, which depends on the battery condition, to estimate the ageing and wear of a heavy duty truck battery. This thesis proposes a modelling approach to model the components involved in engine cranking.

    In the thesis work, system identification is made of the systems forming part of the cranking of a heavy duty truck engine. These components are the starter battery, the starter motor and its electrical circuit and the internal combustion engine. Measurement data has been provided by Scania AB for the evaluation of the models. The data has been collected from crankings of a heavy duty diesel engine at different temperatures and battery charge levels. For every cranking lapse the battery voltage and current have been measured as well as the engine rotational speed.

    A starter battery model is developed and evaluated. The resulting battery model is then incorporated into two different engine cranking models, Model 1 and Model 2, including a starter motor model and an internal combustion engine model apart form the battery model. The two cranking models differ in several aspects and their differences and resulting evalu- ations are discussed.

    The battery model is concluded to be sufficiently accurate during model verification, however the two cranking models are not. Model 2 is verified as more correct in in its output than Model 1, but neither is sufficiently accurate for their purpose. The conclusion is drawn that the modelling approach is sound but development of Model 2 is needed before the model can be used in model-based condition estimation. 

    Download full text (pdf)
    fulltext
  • 17.
    Andersson, Fredrik
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Electrical Engineering, Vehicular Systems.
    Andersson, Hampus
    Linköping University, Department of Electrical Engineering, Vehicular Systems.
    Numerical Optimal Control of Hybrid Electric Trucks: Exhaust Temperature, NOx Emission and Fuel Consumption2018Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (Two Years)), 20 credits / 30 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    The controls for a parallel hybrid electric truck are optimized using numerical optimal control. Trade-offs between catalyst light-off times, NOx emission and fuel consumption have been investigated for cold starts at two operating points, as well as temperature differences between conventional and hybrid powertrains during WHTC (World Harmonized Transient Cycle). A model describing the temperature dynamics of the aftertreatment system is implemented as well as temperature-based deNOx performance for both Cu-Zeolite and Fe-Zeolite catalysts. Control is performed in a piecewise linear fashion, resulting in a total of 23 states including control signals. It is shown that high temperatures can be a larger threat to catalyst performance when running the WHTC than low temperatures, for both conventional and hybrid powertrains. Furthermore, decreasing the light-off time of the catalyst does not always lead to decreased NOx emission, instead there is a trade-off between light-off time and NOx emission. It is found that there are controls that will realize decreased NOx emission for a hybrid truck during cold starts at the expense of increased fuel consumption.

    Download full text (pdf)
    fulltext
  • 18.
    Andersson, Henrik
    Linköping University, Department of Electrical Engineering, Vehicular Systems.
    Model Based Control of Throttle, EGR and Wastegate: A System Analysis of the Gas Flows in an SI-Engine2017Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (Two Years)), 20 credits / 30 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Due to governmental requirements on low exhaust gas emissions and the drivers request of fast response, it is important to be able to control the gas flow in a spark ignited engine accurately. The air into the cylinder is directly related to the torque generated by the engine. The technique with recirculation of exhaust gases (EGR) affect the air flow into the cylinder and increase the complexity of the control problem. In this thesis a mean value model for a spark ignited engine has been created. The basis was a diesel model from Linköping University that has been modified and parameterized with data from a test cell. The model has been used to study the gas exchange system with respect to the dynamic behaviors and nonlinearities that occur when the three actuators (throttle, wastegate and EGR-valve) are changed. Based on this analysis, some different control strategies have been developed and tested on the model. The presented results show that different control strategies give different behaviors and there is a trade-off between fast torque response and high precision for controlling the EGR-ratio. A control strategy is proposed containing two main feedback loops, prefiltering of the reference signal and a feedforward part.

    Download full text (pdf)
    fulltext
  • 19.
    Andersson, Ingemar
    et al.
    Chalmers.
    Eriksson, Lars
    Linköping University, Department of Electrical Engineering, Vehicular Systems. Linköping University, The Institute of Technology. Linköping University, Department of Electrical Engineering.
    A Parametric Model for Ionization Current in a Four Stroke SI Engine2009In: JOURNAL OF DYNAMIC SYSTEMS MEASUREMENT AND CONTROL-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME, ISSN 0022-0434, Vol. 131, no 2, p. 021001-Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    A model for the thermal part of an ionization signal is presented that connects the ionization current to cylinder pressure and temperature in a spark ignited internal combustion engine. One strength of the model is that, after calibration, it has only two free parameters: burn angle and initial kernel temperature. By fitting the model to a measured ionization signal, it is possible to estimate both cylinder pressure and temperature, where the pressure is estimated with good accuracy. The model approach is validated on engine data. Cylinder pressure and ionization current data were collected on a Saab four-cylinder spark ignited engine for a variation in ignition timing and air-fuel ratio. The main result is that the parametrized ionization current model can be used to estimating combustion properties as pressure, temperature, and content of nitric oxides based on measured ionization currents. The current status of the model is suitable for off-line analysis of ionization currents and cylinder pressure. This ionization current model not only describes the connection between the ionization current and the combustion process, but also offers new possibilities for engine management system to control the internal combustion engine.

  • 20.
    Andersson, Ingemar
    et al.
    Chalmers.
    Eriksson, Lars
    Linköping University, Department of Electrical Engineering, Vehicular Systems.
    Ion Current Interpretation for Sensing and Control of Combustion Stability1999In: Second conference on Computer Science and Systems Engineering in Linköping, 1999, p. 119-124Conference paper (Refereed)
  • 21.
    Andersson, Ingemar
    et al.
    Chalmers.
    Eriksson, Lars
    Linköping University, Department of Electrical Engineering, Vehicular Systems.
    Ion Sensing for Combustion Stability Control of a Spark Ignited Direct Injected Engine2000In: Electronic Engine Controls: Controls, 2000, Vol. SP-1500Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The combustion stability of a direct injected spark ignited engine depends on the injection timing and it is desirable to have a controller that minimizes the combustion variability. A novel approach for determining combustion stability in stratified mode is presented that rely on the ionization current and enables closed loop control of the injection timing. The coefficient of variation for IMEP is used as a measure of combustion stability and a connection between maximum torque and low combustion variability is pointed out. The coefficient of variation of the ion current integral is well correlated with the coefficient of variation for IMEP. Furthermore, it is shown how the integral of the ion current together with COV(ion integral) can be used to determine the combustion stability and to distinguish high combustion stability from misfire.

  • 22.
    Andersson, Ingemar
    et al.
    Fordonssystem Department of Electrical Engineering, Linköpings universitet.
    Frisk, Erik
    Linköping University, The Institute of Technology. Linköping University, Department of Electrical Engineering, Vehicular Systems.
    Diagnosis of Evaporative Leaks and Sensor Faults in a Vehicle Fuel System2001In: IFAC Workshop: Advances in Automotive Control,2001, 2001, p. 629-634Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    This paper describes a vacuum-decay based evaporative leak detection procedure for vehicle fuel systems. A physical model for an evaporative system is proposed containing parts for fuel evaporation, leakage flow and canister flow. Two methods for detecting evaporative leakages based on the model is presented. Both methods can detect a 0.5 mm diameter leakage in a laboratory environment. Keywords: purge system, fault diagnosis, fault detection, model based diagnosis 1. INTRODUCTION According to regulations for emissions from vehicles, fuel vapor leakage from the fuel tank must be detected. Fuel vapor is always generated in the fuel tank, the amount depends on ambient conditions like temperature and movement of the tank. Filling fuel also causes extra vapor to be generated. The fuel vapor may cause an over pressure that may push vapor out of the tank. Also, as fuel is consumed an under-pressure develops in the tank and it is required to level the fuel-tank gas pressure with ambi.

  • 23.
    Andersson, Johan
    Linköping University, Department of Electrical Engineering, Vehicular Systems.
    Automated Fault Tree Generation from Requirement Structures2015Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (Two Years)), 20 credits / 30 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    The increasing complexity of today’s vehicles gives drivers help with everything from adaptive cruisecontrol to warning lights for low fuel level. But the increasing functionality also increases the risk offailures in the system. To prevent system failures, different safety analytic methods can be used, e.g.,fault trees and/or FMEA-tables. These methods are generally performed manually, and due to thegrowing system size the time spent on safety analysis is growing with increased risk of human errors. If the safety analysis can be automated, lots of time can be saved.

    This thesis investigates the possibility to generate fault trees from safety requirements as wellas which additional information, if any, that is needed for the generation. Safety requirements are requirements on the systems functionality that has to be fulfilled for the safety of the system to be guaranteed. This means that the safety of the truck, the driver, and the surroundings, depend on thefulfillment of those requirements. The requirements describing the system are structured in a graphusing contract theory. Contract theory defines the dependencies between requirements and connectsthem in a contract structure.

    To be able to automatically generate the fault tree for a system, information about the systems failure propagation is needed. For this a Bayesian network is used. The network is built from the contract structure and stores the propagation information in all the nodes of the network. This will result in a failure propagation network, which the fault tree generation will be generated from. The failure propagation network is used to see which combinations of faults in the system can violate thesafety goal, i.e., causing one or several hazards. The result of this will be the base of the fault tree.

    The automatic generation was tested on two different Scania systems, the fuel level displayand the dual circuit steering. Validation was done by comparing the automatically generated trees withmanually generated trees for the two systems showing that the proposed method works as intended. The case studies show that the automated fault tree generation works if the failure propagationinformation exists and can save a lot of time and also minimize the errors made by manuallygenerating the fault trees. The generated fault trees can also be used to validate written requirementsto by analyzing the fault trees created from them.

    Download full text (pdf)
    fulltext
  • 24.
    Andersson, Johan
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Electrical Engineering, Vehicular Systems. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Wyckman, Oscar
    Linköping University, Department of Electrical Engineering, Vehicular Systems. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Modeling of Fuel Dynamics in a Small Two-Stroke Engine Crankcase2015Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (Two Years)), 20 credits / 30 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    For any crankcase scavenged two-stroke engine, the fuel dynamics is not easily predicted. This is due to the fact that the fuel has to pass the crankcase volume before it enters the combustion chamber. This thesis is about the development of a model for fuel dynamics in the crankcase of a small crankcase scavenged two-stroke engine that gives realistic dynamic behavior.

    The crankcase model developed in this thesis has two parts. One part is a model for wall wetting and the other part is a model for concentration of evaporated fuel in the crankcase. Wall wetting is a phenomenon where fuel is accumulated in fuel films on the crankcase walls. The wall wetting model has two parameters that have to be tuned. One is for the fraction of fuel from the carburetor that is not directly evaporated and one parameter is for the evaporation time of the fuel film.

    The thesis treats tuning of these parameters by running the model with input data from measurements. Since not all input data are possible to measure, models for these inputs are also needed. Hence, development of simple models for air flows, fuel flow, gas mixing in the exhaust and the behavior of the λ-probe used for measurements are also treated in this thesis.

    The parameter estimation for the crankcase model made in this thesis results in parameters that corresponds to constant fraction of fuel from the carburetor that evaporates directly and a wall wetting evaporation rate that increases with increasing engine speed. The parameter estimation is made with measurements at normal operation and three specific engine speeds. The validity of the model is limited to these speeds and does not apply during engine heat-up.

    The model is run and compared to validation data at some different operation conditions. The model predicts dynamic behavior well, but has a bias in terms of mean level of the output λ. Since this mean value depends on the relation between input air and fuel flow, this bias is probably an effect of inaccuracy in the simple models developed for these flows.

    Download full text (pdf)
    fulltext
  • 25.
    Andersson, Michael
    Linköping University, Department of Electrical Engineering, Vehicular Systems. Linköping University, The Institute of Technology.
    Fault diagnosis of a Fixed Wing UAV Using Hardware and Analytical Redundancy2013Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (Two Years)), 20 credits / 30 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    In unmanned aerial systems an autopilot controls the vehicle without human interference. Modern autopilots use an inertial navigation system, GPS, magnetometers and barometers to estimate the orientation, position, and velocity of the aircraft. In order to make correct decisions the autopilot must rely on correct information from the sensors.

    Fault diagnosis can be used to detect possible faults in the technical system when they occur. One way to perform fault diagnosis is model based diagnosis, where observations of the system are compared with a mathematical model of the system. Model based diagnosis is a common technique in many technical applications since it does not require any additional hardware. Another way to perform fault diagnosis is hardware diagnosis, which can be performed if there exists hardware redundancy, i.e. a set of identical sensors measuring the same quantity in the system.

    The main contribution of this master thesis is a model based diagnosis system for a fixed wing UAV autopilot. The diagnosis system can detect faults in all sensors on the autopilot and isolate faults in vital sensors as the GPS, magnetometer, and barometers. This thesis also provides a hardware diagnosis system based on the redundancy obtained with three autopilots on a single airframe. The use of several autopilots introduces hardware redundancy in the system, since every autopilot has its own set of sensors. The hardware diagnosis system handles faults in the sensors and actuators on the autopilots with full isolability, but demands additional hardware in the UAV.

    Download full text (pdf)
    Exjobb_Michael_Andersson_2013
  • 26.
    Andersson, Per
    Linköping University, Department of Electrical Engineering, Vehicular Systems. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Comparison of two Exhaust Manifold Pressure Estimation Methods2001Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    In turbocharged engines with wastegate the exhaust pressure can change rapidly. Two methods to estimate the exhaust manifold pressure are compared for diagnosis of wastegate and turbocharger of a spark-ignited engine. One relies on the first law of thermodynamics and produces changes in exhaust manifold pressure. The second uses a model of the mass of remaining exhaust gases in the cylinder and results in absolute estimations of the exhaust manifold pressure. They does not require any extra sensors in the exhaust system after the calibration. Estimates of the exhaust manifold pressure relies on information from an air-to-cylinder observer and a static map. The exhaust manifold pressure estimators are compared using a series of wastegate steps on a turbocharged SAAB 2.3 dm^3 SI-engine. The comparison showed that the method based on the first law of thermodynamics was best suited for diagnosis purposes since it was least sensitive to model errors.

  • 27.
    Andersson, Per
    Linköping University, Department of Electrical Engineering, Vehicular Systems. Linköping University, The Institute of Technology.
    Intake air dynamics on a turbocharged SI-engine with wastegate2002Licentiate thesis, monograph (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    On turbocharged spark-ignited (SI) engines with wastegate the position of the wastegate changes the exhaust manifold pressure. A secondary effect of this is that the residual gas mass trapped inside the cylinder at exhaust valve closing changes and causes the volumetric efficiency to change. The volumetricefficiency is used to estimate air-mass-to-cylinder which is important for good air/fuel ratio control.

    Air-mass to-cylinder is not directly measurable so observers for air-mass flow to the cylinder are therefore often proposed. For observers with one state for intake manifold pressure and proportional feed-back from measured state, there is a tradeoff whether to estimate intake manifold pressure or air-mass-to-cylinder. A new nonlinear air-mass-to-cylinder observer is suggested with two states: one for intake manifold pressure and one for the in-cylinder air-mass offset compared to expected using the volumetric efficiency.

    The exhaust manifold pressure can change rapidly in an engine with wastegate. A method to estimate the exhaust manifold pressure is presented for diagnosis of wastegate and turbocharger on SI-engines. It does not use any extra sensors in the exhaust system after the calibration. The exhaust manifold pressure estimator is validated using a series of wastegate steps. The exhaust pressure estimation is designed for steady-state conditions and the validation shows that it works well and converges within 1 to 4 seconds.

    Finally a method to detect leakages in the exhaust manifold is suggested. Leakage detection before the three way catalyst is important since untreated emissions leak out and since, due to standing waves in the exhaust system, air can leak in and disturb the air/fuel ratio controller. To extend the operating region for the detection, the proposed method utilizes both information on leaks out of the manifold and information on presence of oxygen in the exhaust manifold.

  • 28.
    Andersson, Per
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Electrical Engineering, Vehicular Systems.
    Eriksson, Lars
    Linköping University, Department of Electrical Engineering, Vehicular Systems.
    Observer Based Feedforward Air-Fuel Control of Turbocharged SI-Engines2005Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Abstract: Air-fuel control on turbocharged (TC) SI-engines require precise prediction of the cylinder air-charge (CAC). Using an observer it is possible to both estimate the necessary system states and to provide a framework to design the necessary CAC feedforward controller. Here a mean value engine model of a TC SI-engine is used to develop an observer. The output of the observer is fed as an initial condition to a predictor which is used for feedforward of the CAC for air-fuel control. The resulting controller is experimentally validated on a SAAB 2.0 dm^3 TC engine using tip-in and tip-out transients. The results show that the excursions in lambda are less than 5%.

  • 29.
    Andersson, Per
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Electrical Engineering, Vehicular Systems. Linköping University, The Institute of Technology.
    Eriksson, Lars
    Linköping University, Department of Electrical Engineering, Vehicular Systems. Linköping University, The Institute of Technology.
    Observer Based Feedforward Air-Fuel Control of Turbocharged SI-Engines2005In: Proceedings of 16th Triennial World Congress, Prague, Czech Republic, IFAC Papers Online, 2005, Vol. 38, p. 200-205Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Air-fuel control on turbocharged (TC) SI-engines require precise prediction of the cylinder air-charge (CAC). Using an observer it is possible to both estimate the necessary system states and to provide a framework to design the necessary CAC feedforward controller. Here a mean value engine model of a TC SI-engine is used to develop an observer. The output of the observer is fed as an initial condition to a predictor which is used for feedforward of the CAC for air-fuel control. The resulting controller is experimentally validated on a SAAB 2.0 dm3 TC engine using tip-in and tip-out transients. The results show that the excursions in Λ are less than 5%

  • 30.
    Andersson, Per
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Electrical Engineering, Vehicular Systems.
    Eriksson, Lars
    Linköping University, Department of Electrical Engineering, Vehicular Systems.
    Three Way Catalyst Control using a PI-style Controller with HEGO Sensor Feedback2002Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Recent research has shown that control of the oxygen content in the catalyst has potential to further reduce the emissions from spark ignited engines. This gives rise to a cascade structure where an outer loop influences an inner loop. Different ways of augmenting the inner loop, a traditional PI-feedback controller based on feedback from the binary oxygen sensor, are studied. The SI-engine constraints on the control, such as low emissions and drive ability, are considered in the evaluation of the controllers. The result is that a delayed switching of the sensor is needed to control the oxygen content in the TWC using binary sensor feedback.

  • 31. Andersson, Per
    et al.
    Eriksson, Lars
    Linköping University, Department of Electrical Engineering, Vehicular Systems.
    Nielsen, Lars
    Linköping University, Department of Electrical Engineering, Vehicular Systems.
    Modelling and Architecture Examples of Model Based Engine Control1999Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Environmental regulations and drivability issues are driving forces in the development of control systems for automotive engines. Precise control of the air and fuel is fundamental for achieving the goals. Furthermore, the architecture for the controller plays a central role in how the goals are achieved.

    A comparison is made between two conventional controller structures and a model based structure. The performance of the different control structures is evaluated on a simulation model. To point out the differences the evaluation is concentrated to transient conditions where a step in throttle angle is used as input to the system. In addition, connections between controllers and the engine model is discussed.

  • 32.
    Andersson, Per
    et al.
    Linköping University, The Institute of Technology. Linköping University, Department of Electrical Engineering, Vehicular Systems.
    Frisk, Erik
    Linköping University, The Institute of Technology. Linköping University, Department of Electrical Engineering, Vehicular Systems.
    Eriksson, Lars
    Linköping University, The Institute of Technology. Linköping University, Department of Electrical Engineering, Vehicular Systems.
    Sensor Selection for Observer Feedback in Turbocharged Spark Ignited Engines2005Conference paper (Refereed)
  • 33.
    Andersson, Rikard
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Electrical Engineering, Vehicular Systems. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Garrido, Mario
    Univ Politecn Madrid, Spain.
    Using Rotator Transformations to Simplify FFT Hardware Architectures2020In: IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems Part 1: Regular Papers, ISSN 1549-8328, E-ISSN 1558-0806, Vol. 67, no 12, p. 4784-4793Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    In this paper, we present a new approach to simplify fast Fourier transform (FFT) hardware architectures. The new approach is based on a group of transformations called decimation, reduction, center, move and merge. By combining them it is possible to transform the rotators at different FFT stages, move them to other stages and merge them in such a way that the resulting rotators are simpler than the original ones. The proposed approach can be combined with other existing techniques such coefficient selection and shift-and-add implementation, or rotator allocation in order to obtain low-complexity FFT hardware architectures. To show the effectiveness of the proposed approach, it has been applied to single-path delay feedback (SDF) FFT hardware architectures, where it is observed that the complexity of the rotators is reduced up to 33%.

  • 34.
    Andersson, Simon
    Linköping University, Department of Electrical Engineering, Vehicular Systems.
    Modeling and Control of Fuel Cell Stacks in Autonomous Underwater Vehicles2024Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (Two Years)), 28 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Download full text (pdf)
    fulltext
  • 35. Order onlineBuy this publication >>
    Anistratov, Pavel
    Linköping University, Department of Electrical Engineering, Vehicular Systems. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Autonomous Avoidance Maneuvers for Vehicles using Optimization2021Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    To allow future autonomous passenger vehicles to be used in the same driving situations and conditions as ordinary vehicles are used by human drivers today, the control systems must be able to perform automated emergency maneuvers. In such maneuvers, vehicle dynamics, tire–road interaction, and limits on what the vehicle is capable of performing are key factors to consider. After detecting a static or moving obstacle, an avoidance maneuver or a sequence of lane changes are common ways to mitigate the critical situation. For that purpose, motion planning is important and is a primary task for autonomous-vehicle control subsystems. Optimization-based methods and algorithms for such control subsystems are the main focus of this thesis.

    Vehicle-dynamics models and road obstacles are included as constraints to be fulfilled in an optimization problem when finding an optimal control input, while the available freedom in actuation is utilized by defining the optimization criterion. For the criterion design, a new proposal is to use a lane-deviation penalty, which is shown to result in well-behaved maneuvers and, in comparison to minimum-time and other lateral-penalty objective functions, decreases the time that the vehicle spends in the opposite lane.

    It is observed that the final phase of a double lane-change maneuver, also called the recovery phase, benefits from a dedicated treatment. This is done in several steps with different criteria depending on the phase of the maneuver. A theoretical redundancy analysis of wheel-torque distribution, which is derived independently of the optimization criterion, complements and motivates the suggested approach.

    With a view that a complete maneuver is a sequence of two or more sub-maneuvers, a decomposition approach resulting in maneuver segments is proposed. The maneuver segments are shown to be possible to determine with coordinated parallel computations with close to optimal results. Suitable initialization of segmented optimizations benefits the solution process, and different initialization approaches are investigated. One approach is built upon combining dynamically feasible motion candidates, where vehicle and tire forces are important to consider. Such candidates allow addressing more complicated situations and are computed under dynamic constraints in the presence of body and wheel slip. 

    To allow a quick reaction of the vehicle control system to moving obstacles and other sudden changes in the conditions, a feedback controller capable of replanning in a receding-horizon fashion is developed. It employs a coupling between motion planning using a friction-limited particle model and a novel low-level controller following the acceleration-vector reference of the computed plan. The controller is shown to have real-time performance.

    List of papers
    1. Lane-deviation penalty formulation and analysis for autonomous vehicle avoidance maneuvers
    Open this publication in new window or tab >>Lane-deviation penalty formulation and analysis for autonomous vehicle avoidance maneuvers
    2021 (English)In: Proceedings of the Institution of mechanical engineers. Part D, journal of automobile engineering, ISSN 0954-4070, E-ISSN 2041-2991, Vol. 235, no 12, p. 3036-3050, article id 09544070211007979Article in journal (Refereed) Published
    Abstract [en]

    Autonomous vehicles hold promise for increased vehicle and traffic safety, and there are several developments in the field where one example is an avoidance maneuver. There it is dangerous for the vehicle to be in the opposing lane, but it is safe to drive in the original lane again after the obstacle. To capture this basic observation, a lane-deviation penalty (LDP) objective function is devised. Based on this objective function, a formulation is developed utilizing optimal all-wheel braking and steering at the limit of road-tire friction. This method is evaluated for a double lane-change scenario by computing the resulting behavior for several interesting cases, where parameters of the emergency situation such as the initial speed of the vehicle and the size and placement of the obstacle are varied, and it performs well. A comparison with maneuvers obtained by minimum-time and other lateral-penalty objective functions shows that the use of the considered penalty function decreases the time that the vehicle spends in the opposing lane.

    Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
    SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD, 2021
    Keywords
    Active safety systems; vehicle control systems; intelligent vehicles; vehicle dynamics; passenger vehicles; at-the-limit operation; double lane change
    National Category
    Vehicle Engineering
    Identifiers
    urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-178560 (URN)10.1177/09544070211007979 (DOI)000682386000001 ()
    Note

    Funding Agencies|Wallenberg AI, Autonomous Systems, and Software Program (WASP) - Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation

    Available from: 2021-08-27 Created: 2021-08-27 Last updated: 2021-11-08
    2. Analysis and design of recovery behaviour of autonomous-vehicle avoidance manoeuvres
    Open this publication in new window or tab >>Analysis and design of recovery behaviour of autonomous-vehicle avoidance manoeuvres
    2022 (English)In: Vehicle System Dynamics, ISSN 0042-3114, E-ISSN 1744-5159, Vol. 60, no 7, p. 2231-2254Article in journal (Refereed) Published
    Abstract [en]

    Autonomous vehicles allow utilisation of new optimal driving approaches that increase vehicle safety by combining optimal all-wheel braking and steering even at the limit of tyre-road friction. One important case is an avoidance manoeuvre that, in previous research, for example, has been approached by different optimisation formulations. An avoidance manoeuvre is typically composed of an evasive phase avoiding an obstacle followed by a recovery phase where the vehicle returns to normal driving. Here, an analysis of the different aspects of the recovery phase is presented, and a subsequent formulation is developed in several steps based on theory and simulation of a double lane-change scenario. Each step leads to an extension of the optimisation criterion. Two key results are a theoretical redundancy analysis of wheel-torque distribution and the subsequent handling of it. The overall contribution is a general treatment of the recovery phase in an optimisation framework, and the method is successfully demonstrated for three different formulations: lane-deviation penalty, minimum time, and squared lateral-error norm.

    Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
    Taylor & Francis, 2022
    Keywords
    Optimal vehicle manoeuvring; at-the-limit operation; force allocation
    National Category
    Vehicle Engineering
    Identifiers
    urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-175288 (URN)10.1080/00423114.2021.1900577 (DOI)000635424600001 ()
    Note

    Funding Agencies|Wallenberg AI, Autonomous Systems and Software Program (WASP) - Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation

    Available from: 2021-04-26 Created: 2021-04-26 Last updated: 2022-10-20Bibliographically approved
    3. Autonomous-Vehicle Maneuver Planning Using Segmentation and the Alternating Augmented Lagrangian Method
    Open this publication in new window or tab >>Autonomous-Vehicle Maneuver Planning Using Segmentation and the Alternating Augmented Lagrangian Method
    2020 (English)In: 21th IFAC World Congress Proceedings / [ed] Rolf Findeisen, Sandra Hirche, Klaus Janschek, Martin Mönnigmann, Elsevier, 2020, Vol. 53, p. 15558-15565Conference paper, Published paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Segmenting a motion-planning problem into smaller subproblems could be beneficial in terms of computational complexity. This observation is used as a basis for a new sub-maneuver decomposition approach investigated in this paper in the context of optimal evasive maneuvers for autonomous ground vehicles. The recently published alternating augmented Lagrangianmethod is adopted and leveraged on, which turns out to fit the problem formulation with several attractive properties of the solution procedure. The decomposition is based on moving the coupling constraints between the sub-maneuvers into a separate coordination problem, which is possible to solve analytically. The remaining constraints and the objective function are decomposed into subproblems, one for each segment, which means that parallel computation is possible and benecial. The method is implemented and evaluated in a safety-critical double lane-change scenario. By using the solution of a low-complexity initialization problem and applying warm-start techniques in the optimization, a solution is possible to obtain after just a few alternating iterations using the developed approach. The resulting computational time is lower than solving one optimization problem for the full maneuver.

    Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
    Elsevier, 2020
    Series
    IFAC PapersOnline, E-ISSN 2405-8963
    Keywords
    trajectory and path planning, motion planning, optimal control, problem decomposition, vehicle safety maneuvers
    National Category
    Vehicle Engineering Robotics Computational Mathematics
    Identifiers
    urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-171784 (URN)10.1016/j.ifacol.2020.12.2400 (DOI)000652593600372 ()
    Conference
    The 21st IFAC World Congress (Virtual), Berlin, Germany, July 12-17, 2020
    Funder
    Wallenberg AI, Autonomous Systems and Software Program (WASP)
    Note

    Funding: Wallenberg AI, Autonomous Systems and Software Program (WASP) - Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation

    Available from: 2020-12-06 Created: 2020-12-06 Last updated: 2021-09-22Bibliographically approved
    4. Predictive Force-Centric Emergency Collision Avoidance
    Open this publication in new window or tab >>Predictive Force-Centric Emergency Collision Avoidance
    2021 (English)In: Journal of Dynamic Systems Measurement, and Control, ISSN 0022-0434, E-ISSN 1528-9028, Vol. 143, no 8, article id 081005Article in journal (Refereed) Published
    Abstract [en]

    A controller for critical vehicle maneuvering is proposed that avoids obstacles and keeps the vehicle on the road while achieving heavy braking. It operates at the limit of friction and is structured in two main steps: a motion-planning step based on receding-horizon planning to obtain acceleration-vector references, and a low-level controller for following these acceleration references and transforming them into actuator commands. The controller is evaluated in a number of challenging scenarios and results in a well behaved vehicle with respect to, e.g., the steering angle, the body slip, and the path. It is also demonstrated that the controller successfully balances braking and avoidance such that it really takes advantage of the braking possibilities. Specifically, for a moving obstacle, it makes use of a widening gap to perform more braking, which is a clear advantage of the online replanning capability if the obstacle should be a moving human or animal. Finally, real-time capabilities are demonstrated. In conclusion, the controller performs well, both from a functional perspective and from a real-time perspective.

    Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
    ASME, 2021
    National Category
    Electrical Engineering, Electronic Engineering, Information Engineering
    Identifiers
    urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-174796 (URN)10.1115/1.4050403 (DOI)000668220800008 ()
    Note

    Funding: ELLIIT Strategic Area for ICT research - Swedish Government; Wallenberg AI, Autonomous Systems and Software Program (WASP) - Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation

    Available from: 2021-04-01 Created: 2021-04-01 Last updated: 2022-04-01
    Download full text (pdf)
    fulltext
    Download (png)
    presentationsbild
  • 36.
    Anistratov, Pavel
    Linköping University, Department of Electrical Engineering, Vehicular Systems. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Computation of Autonomous Safety Maneuvers Using Segmentation and Optimization2019Licentiate thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    This thesis studies motion planning for future autonomous vehicles with main focus on passenger cars. By having automatic steering and braking together with information about the environment, such as other participants in the traffic or obstacles, it would be possible to perform autonomous maneuvers while taking limitations of the vehicle and road–tire interaction into account. Motion planning is performed to find such maneuvers that bring the vehicle from the current state to a desired future state, here by formulating the motion-planning problem as an optimal control problem. There are a number of challenges for such an approach to motion planning; some of them are how to formulate the criterion in the motion planning (objective function in the corresponding optimal control problem), and how to make the solution of motion-planning problems efficient to be useful in online applications. These challenges are addressed in this thesis.

    As a criterion for motion-planning problems of passenger vehicles on doublelane roads, it is investigated to use a lane-deviation penalty function to capture the observation that it is dangerous to drive in the opposing lane, but safe to drive in the original lane after the obstacle. The penalty function is augmented with certain additional terms to address also the recovery behavior of the vehicle. The resulting formulation is shown to provide efficient and steady maneuvers and gives a lower time in the opposing lane compared to other objective functions. Under varying parameters of the scenario formulation, the resulting maneuvers are changing in a way that exhibits structured characteristics.

    As an approach to improve efficiency of computations for the motion-planning problem, it is investigated to segment motion planning of the full maneuver into several smaller maneuvers. A way to extract segments is considered from a vehicle dynamics point of view, and it is based on extrema of the vehicle orientation and the yaw rate. The segmentation points determined using this approach are observed to allow efficient splitting of the optimal control problem for the full maneuver into subproblems.

    Having a method to segment maneuvers, this thesis further studies methods to allow parallel computation of these maneuvers. One investigated method is based on Lagrange relaxation and duality decomposition. Smaller subproblems are formulated, which are governed by solving a low-complexity coordination problem. Lagrangian relaxation is performed on a subset of the dynamic constraints at the segmentation points, while the remaining variables are predicted. The prediction is possible because of the observed structured characteristics resulting from the used lane-deviation penalty function. An alternative approach is based on adoption of the alternating augmented Lagrangian method. Augmentation of the Lagrangian allows to apply relaxation for all dynamic constraints at the segmentation points, and the alternating approach makes it possible to decompose the full problem into subproblems and coordinating their solutions by analytically solving an overall coordination problem. The presented decomposition methods allow computation of maneuvers with high correspondence and lower computational times compared to the results obtained for solving the full maneuver in one step.

    List of papers
    1. Segmentation and Merging of Autonomous At-the-Limit Maneuvers for Ground Vehicles
    Open this publication in new window or tab >>Segmentation and Merging of Autonomous At-the-Limit Maneuvers for Ground Vehicles
    2018 (English)In: Proceedings of the 14th International Symposium on Advanced Vehicle Control, Beijing, July 16-20, 2018, 2018, p. 1-6Conference paper, Published paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    To decrease the complexity of motion-planning optimizations, a segmentation and merging strategy for maneuvers is proposed. Maneuvers that are at-the-limit of friction are of special interest since they appear in many critical situations. The segmentation pointsare used to set constraints for several smaller optimizations for parts of the full maneuver, which later are merged and compared withoptimizations of the full maneuver. The technique is illustrated for a double lane-change maneuver.

    Keywords
    vehicle automation and control, ground vehicle motion-planning, aggressive maneuvers
    National Category
    Control Engineering
    Identifiers
    urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-152222 (URN)
    Conference
    The 14th International Symposium on Advanced Vehicle Control, Beijing, July 16-20, 2018
    Available from: 2018-10-22 Created: 2018-10-22 Last updated: 2021-05-26Bibliographically approved
    2. Efficient Motion Planning for Autonomous Vehicle Maneuvers Using Duality-Based Decomposition
    Open this publication in new window or tab >>Efficient Motion Planning for Autonomous Vehicle Maneuvers Using Duality-Based Decomposition
    2019 (English)In: IFAC PAPERSONLINE, ELSEVIER , 2019, Vol. 52, no 5, p. 78-84Conference paper, Published paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    A method to decompose a motion-planning problem into several segments is presented. It is based on a modification of the original problem, such that certain variables at the splitting points are considered to be precomputed and thus fixed and the remaining variables are obtained by performing Lagrange relaxation. The resulting dual problem is split into several subproblems, allowing parallel computation. The method is formalized as a computational algorithm and evaluated in a safety critical double lane-change situation. The resulting maneuver has close-to-optimal behavior and, for certain initialization strategies, it is obtained in shorter computational time compared to computing the full maneuver in one step. (C) 2019, IFAC (International Federation of Automatic Control) Hosting by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

    Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
    ELSEVIER, 2019
    Series
    IFAC papers online, E-ISSN 2405-8963
    Keywords
    trajectory and path planning; autonomous vehicles; duality-based decomposition; motion control; safety; intelligent transportation systems
    National Category
    Computational Mathematics
    Identifiers
    urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-161215 (URN)10.1016/j.ifacol.2019.09.013 (DOI)000486629500014 ()
    Conference
    9th IFAC International Symposium on Advances in Automotive Control (AAC)
    Note

    Funding Agencies|Wallenberg AI, Autonomous Systems and Software Program (WASP) - Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation

    Available from: 2019-10-25 Created: 2019-10-25 Last updated: 2021-08-23
    Download full text (pdf)
    Computation of Autonomous Safety Maneuvers Using Segmentation and Optimization
    Download (png)
    presentationsbild
  • 37.
    Anistratov, Pavel
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Electrical Engineering, Vehicular Systems. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Olofsson, Björn
    Linköping University, Department of Electrical Engineering, Vehicular Systems. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Burdakov, Oleg
    Linköping University, Department of Mathematics, Optimization. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Nielsen, Lars
    Linköping University, Department of Electrical Engineering, Vehicular Systems. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Autonomous-Vehicle Maneuver Planning Using Segmentation and the Alternating Augmented Lagrangian Method2020In: 21th IFAC World Congress Proceedings / [ed] Rolf Findeisen, Sandra Hirche, Klaus Janschek, Martin Mönnigmann, Elsevier, 2020, Vol. 53, p. 15558-15565Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Segmenting a motion-planning problem into smaller subproblems could be beneficial in terms of computational complexity. This observation is used as a basis for a new sub-maneuver decomposition approach investigated in this paper in the context of optimal evasive maneuvers for autonomous ground vehicles. The recently published alternating augmented Lagrangianmethod is adopted and leveraged on, which turns out to fit the problem formulation with several attractive properties of the solution procedure. The decomposition is based on moving the coupling constraints between the sub-maneuvers into a separate coordination problem, which is possible to solve analytically. The remaining constraints and the objective function are decomposed into subproblems, one for each segment, which means that parallel computation is possible and benecial. The method is implemented and evaluated in a safety-critical double lane-change scenario. By using the solution of a low-complexity initialization problem and applying warm-start techniques in the optimization, a solution is possible to obtain after just a few alternating iterations using the developed approach. The resulting computational time is lower than solving one optimization problem for the full maneuver.

    Download full text (pdf)
    fulltext
  • 38.
    Anistratov, Pavel
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Electrical Engineering, Vehicular Systems. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Olofsson, Björn
    Linköping University, Department of Electrical Engineering, Vehicular Systems. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering. Lund Univ, Sweden.
    Nielsen, Lars
    Linköping University, Department of Electrical Engineering, Vehicular Systems. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Analysis and design of recovery behaviour of autonomous-vehicle avoidance manoeuvres2022In: Vehicle System Dynamics, ISSN 0042-3114, E-ISSN 1744-5159, Vol. 60, no 7, p. 2231-2254Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Autonomous vehicles allow utilisation of new optimal driving approaches that increase vehicle safety by combining optimal all-wheel braking and steering even at the limit of tyre-road friction. One important case is an avoidance manoeuvre that, in previous research, for example, has been approached by different optimisation formulations. An avoidance manoeuvre is typically composed of an evasive phase avoiding an obstacle followed by a recovery phase where the vehicle returns to normal driving. Here, an analysis of the different aspects of the recovery phase is presented, and a subsequent formulation is developed in several steps based on theory and simulation of a double lane-change scenario. Each step leads to an extension of the optimisation criterion. Two key results are a theoretical redundancy analysis of wheel-torque distribution and the subsequent handling of it. The overall contribution is a general treatment of the recovery phase in an optimisation framework, and the method is successfully demonstrated for three different formulations: lane-deviation penalty, minimum time, and squared lateral-error norm.

    Download full text (pdf)
    fulltext
  • 39.
    Anistratov, Pavel
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Electrical Engineering, Vehicular Systems. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering. Chalmers Univ Technol, Sweden.
    Olofsson, Björn
    Linköping University, Department of Electrical Engineering, Vehicular Systems. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering. Lund Univ, Sweden.
    Nielsen, Lars
    Linköping University, Department of Electrical Engineering, Vehicular Systems. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Dynamics-Based Optimal Motion Planning of Multiple Lane Changes using Segmentation2022In: IFAC PAPERSONLINE, ELSEVIER , 2022, Vol. 55, no 24, p. 233-240Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Avoidance maneuvers at normal driving speed or higher are demanding driving situations that force the vehicle to the limit of tire-road friction in critical situations. To study and develop control for these situations, dynamic optimization has been in growing use in research. One idea to handle such optimization computations effectively is to divide the total maneuver into a sequence of sub-maneuvers and to associate a segmented optimization problem to each sub-maneuver. Here, the alternating augmented Lagrangian method is adopted, which like many other optimization methods benefits strongly from a good initialization, and to that purpose a method with motion candidates is proposed to get an initially feasible motion. The two main contributions are, firstly, the method for computing an initially feasible motion that is found to use obstacle positions and progress of vehicle variables to its advantage, and secondly, the integration with a subsequent step with segmented optimization showing clear improvements in paths and trajectories. Overall, the combined method is able to handle driving scenarios at demanding speeds.

  • 40.
    Anistratov, Pavel
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Electrical Engineering, Vehicular Systems. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Olofsson, Björn
    Linköping University, Department of Electrical Engineering, Vehicular Systems. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering. Lund Univ, Sweden.
    Nielsen, Lars
    Linköping University, Department of Electrical Engineering, Vehicular Systems. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Efficient Motion Planning for Autonomous Vehicle Maneuvers Using Duality-Based Decomposition2019In: IFAC PAPERSONLINE, ELSEVIER , 2019, Vol. 52, no 5, p. 78-84Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    A method to decompose a motion-planning problem into several segments is presented. It is based on a modification of the original problem, such that certain variables at the splitting points are considered to be precomputed and thus fixed and the remaining variables are obtained by performing Lagrange relaxation. The resulting dual problem is split into several subproblems, allowing parallel computation. The method is formalized as a computational algorithm and evaluated in a safety critical double lane-change situation. The resulting maneuver has close-to-optimal behavior and, for certain initialization strategies, it is obtained in shorter computational time compared to computing the full maneuver in one step. (C) 2019, IFAC (International Federation of Automatic Control) Hosting by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  • 41.
    Anistratov, Pavel
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Electrical Engineering, Vehicular Systems. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Olofsson, Björn
    Linköping University, Department of Electrical Engineering, Vehicular Systems. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Nielsen, Lars
    Linköping University, Department of Electrical Engineering, Vehicular Systems. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Lane-Deviation Penalty for Autonomous Avoidance Maneuvers2018In: Proceedings of the 14th International Symposium on Advanced Vehicle Control, Beijing, July 16-20, 2018, 2018Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    A formulation of an offline motion-planning method for avoidance maneuvers based on a lane-deviation penalty function is proposed,which aims to decrease the risk of a collision by minimizing the time when a vehicle is outside of its own driving lane in the case ofavoidance maneuvers. The penalty function is based on a logistic function. The method is illustrated by computing optimal maneuversfor a double lane-change scenario. The results are compared with minimum-time maneuvers and squared-error norm maneuvers. Thecomparison shows that the use of the considered penalty function requires fewer constraints and that the vehicle stays less time in theopposing lane. The similarity between the obtained trajectories for different problem configurations was noticed. This property couldbe used in the future for predicting an intermediate trajectory online from a sparse data set of maneuvers.

  • 42.
    Anistratov, Pavel
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Electrical Engineering, Vehicular Systems. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Olofsson, Björn
    Linköping University, Department of Electrical Engineering, Vehicular Systems. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering. Lund Univ, Sweden.
    Nielsen, Lars
    Linköping University, Department of Electrical Engineering, Vehicular Systems. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Lane-deviation penalty formulation and analysis for autonomous vehicle avoidance maneuvers2021In: Proceedings of the Institution of mechanical engineers. Part D, journal of automobile engineering, ISSN 0954-4070, E-ISSN 2041-2991, Vol. 235, no 12, p. 3036-3050, article id 09544070211007979Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Autonomous vehicles hold promise for increased vehicle and traffic safety, and there are several developments in the field where one example is an avoidance maneuver. There it is dangerous for the vehicle to be in the opposing lane, but it is safe to drive in the original lane again after the obstacle. To capture this basic observation, a lane-deviation penalty (LDP) objective function is devised. Based on this objective function, a formulation is developed utilizing optimal all-wheel braking and steering at the limit of road-tire friction. This method is evaluated for a double lane-change scenario by computing the resulting behavior for several interesting cases, where parameters of the emergency situation such as the initial speed of the vehicle and the size and placement of the obstacle are varied, and it performs well. A comparison with maneuvers obtained by minimum-time and other lateral-penalty objective functions shows that the use of the considered penalty function decreases the time that the vehicle spends in the opposing lane.

    Download full text (pdf)
    fulltext
  • 43.
    Anistratov, Pavel
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Electrical Engineering, Vehicular Systems. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Olofsson, Björn
    Linköping University, Department of Electrical Engineering, Vehicular Systems. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Nielsen, Lars
    Linköping University, Department of Electrical Engineering, Vehicular Systems. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Segmentation and Merging of Autonomous At-the-Limit Maneuvers for Ground Vehicles2018In: Proceedings of the 14th International Symposium on Advanced Vehicle Control, Beijing, July 16-20, 2018, 2018, p. 1-6Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    To decrease the complexity of motion-planning optimizations, a segmentation and merging strategy for maneuvers is proposed. Maneuvers that are at-the-limit of friction are of special interest since they appear in many critical situations. The segmentation pointsare used to set constraints for several smaller optimizations for parts of the full maneuver, which later are merged and compared withoptimizations of the full maneuver. The technique is illustrated for a double lane-change maneuver.

    Download full text (pdf)
    Segmentation and Merging of Autonomous At-the-Limit Maneuvers for Ground Vehicles
  • 44.
    Armengol Llobet, J.
    et al.
    n/a.
    Bregon, A.
    n/a.
    Escobet, E
    n/a.
    Gelso, R.
    n/a.
    Krysander, Mattias
    n/a.
    Nyberg, Mattias
    Linköping University, Department of Electrical Engineering, Vehicular Systems. Linköping University, The Institute of Technology.
    Olive, X.
    n/a.
    Pulido, B.
    n/a.
    Trave-Massuyes, L.
    n/a.
    Minimal Structurally Overdetermined Sets for Residual Generation: A Comparison of Alternative Approaches2009In: Proceedings of IFAC Safeprocess'09, Barcelona, Spain, 2009, p. 1480-1485Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The issue of residual generation using structural analysis has been studied by several authors. Structural analysis does not permit to generate the analytical expressions of residuals since the model of the system is abstracted by its structure. However, it determines the set of constraints from which residuals can be generated and it provides the computation sequence to be used. This paper presents and compares four recently proposed algorithms that solve this problem.

  • 45.
    Aronsson, Christopher
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Molecular Physics. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Dånmark, Staffan
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Molecular Physics. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Zhou, Feng
    Nanyang Technology University, Singapore.
    Öberg, Per
    Linköping University, Department of Electrical Engineering, Vehicular Systems. Linköping University, The Institute of Technology.
    Enander, Karin
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Molecular Physics. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Su, Haibin
    Nanyang Technology University, Singapore.
    Aili, Daniel
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Molecular Physics. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Self-sorting heterodimeric coiled coil peptides with defined and tuneable self-assembly properties2015In: Scientific Reports, E-ISSN 2045-2322, Vol. 5, no 14063Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Coiled coils with defined assembly properties and dissociation constants are highly attractive components in synthetic biology and for fabrication of peptide-based hybrid nanomaterials and nanostructures. Complex assemblies based on multiple different peptides typically require orthogonal peptides obtained by negative design. Negative design does not necessarily exclude formation of undesired species and may eventually compromise the stability of the desired coiled coils. This work describe a set of four promiscuous 28-residue de novo designed peptides that heterodimerize and fold into parallel coiled coils. The peptides are non-orthogonal and can form four different heterodimers albeit with large differences in affinities. The peptides display dissociation constants for dimerization spanning from the micromolar to the picomolar range. The significant differences in affinities for dimerization make the peptides prone to thermodynamic social self-sorting as shown by thermal unfolding and fluorescence experiments, and confirmed by simulations. The peptides self-sort with high fidelity to form the two coiled coils with the highest and lowest affinities for heterodimerization. The possibility to exploit self-sorting of mutually complementary peptides could hence be a viable approach to guide the assembly of higher order architectures and a powerful strategy for fabrication of dynamic and tuneable nanostructured materials.

    Download full text (pdf)
    fulltext
  • 46.
    Astré, Gustav
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Electrical Engineering, Vehicular Systems.
    Edman, Joakim
    Linköping University, Department of Electrical Engineering, Vehicular Systems.
    Development and Implementation of Drive Away Release Function for a Vehicle2020Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (Two Years)), 20 credits / 30 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    As autonomy increases in today’s vehicles, the demands increase on both safety and comfort functions. Vehicle Hold, which holds the vehicle stationary without requiring the driver to press the brake pedal, is an example of such as function. This thesis aims to develop a concept for a Drive Away Release from this hold state, following several requirements regarding such as rollback, comfort, manual and autonomous drive mode, driving direction, road inclinations, with or without a trailer, and following the safety standard ISO 26262.

    In order to develop the concept function, a study of the state-of-the-art was made, followed by modeling the dynamics and control. The control algorithm was validated and tested first by running co-simulations between Matlab/Simulink and CarMaker. It was then implemented in a test vehicle. The test vehicle did not have all systems which are usually provided, demanding estimations to be made, such as the road inclination and vehicle mass.

    For manual drive mode, the driver controls the propulsion torque, and the control algorithm is based on releasing the brakes depending on estimations of the gravitational and propulsion torques. For autonomous drive mode, the vehicle is supposed to follow an acceleration reference. The control algorithm for autonomous drive mode is then extended with two feedforward compensators, one from reference and one from the gravitational torque, which is regarded as a disturbance, and with a feedback PI controller. To ensure that rollback do not occur at drive away release, a rollback prevention safety feature was also developed.

    The results of both the simulations and the test drives show that the concept function provides comfortable drive-off for most inclinations, drive modes and directions, without causing an undesired rollback

    Download full text (pdf)
    fulltext
  • 47.
    Axelsson, Daniel
    Linköping University, Department of Electrical Engineering, Vehicular Systems.
    Hastighetsstyrsystem för Förarrobot: Konstruktion, Modell, Test och Utvärdering2007Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (Two Years)), 20 credits / 30 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [sv]

    De krocktester som utförs idag är låsta till det system av styr och draganordningar som byggs upp. Att göra en krocktest därbilarna kan styras individuellt med hjälp av en förarrobot ökar friheten att designa tester. Att krocka två bilar som på bilden på framsidan, med 90 graders vinkel mellan bilarnas färdriktning ställer det mest tidskritiska kravet när de ska träffa varandra. Detta kräver en bra hastighetsreglering vilket är huvuddelen i examensarbetet.

    I denna rapport redovisas hur ett sådant styrsystem skulle kunna byggas samt tester i en simuleringsmodell för denna typ av krocktest.

    Simuleringsmodellen är uppbyggd i Matlab/Simulink och eftersträvar att efterlikna ett verkligt sidokollisionstest tillräckligt mycket för att kunna testa styrsystemet.

    Efter de tester som gjorts kan man konstatera att det är möjligt att konstruera ett sådant styrsystem som kan få två bilar att träffa varandra i en sådan sidokollision som är beskriven ovan.

    Download full text (pdf)
    LITH-ISY-EX-4090-SE
  • 48.
    Axelsson, Maria
    Linköping University, Department of Electrical Engineering, Vehicular Systems.
    Early-Stage Validation of Autonomous Vehicles in Ambiguous Environments: A Systems-Theoretic Process Analysis (STPA) of an Autonomous Military Defense Industry Vehicle2024Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (Two Years)), 28 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    This report delves into the early developmental phase of an autonomous vehicle designed for defense applications. Navigating diverse terrains, this unmanned ground vehicle (UGV) poses unique challenges, particularly in the absence of clearly defined directives found in typical traffic scenarios. The analysis employs the Systems-Theoretic Process Analysis (STPA) to identify and anticipate risks inherent in the conceptual stage of product development. Beyond the specific UGV case, the report explores the broader landscape of validating autonomous systems. It discusses prevalent methods, emphasizing adaptability to different contexts and stages of development. By shedding light on the risks and challenges of autonomy in vehicles and examining effective validation strategies, this report aims to contribute valuable insights to the ongoing discourse surrounding autonomous vehicle development.

    Download full text (pdf)
    fulltext
  • 49.
    Bachmann, Bernhard
    et al.
    Dept. Mathematics and Engineering, University of Applied Sciences, Bielefeld, Germany.
    Ochel, Lennart
    Dept. Mathematics and Engineering, University of Applied Sciences, Bielefeld, Germany.
    Ruge, Vitalij
    Dept. Mathematics and Engineering, University of Applied Sciences, Bielefeld, Germany.
    Gebremedhin, Mahder
    Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering. Linköping University, Department of Computer and Information Science, PELAB - Programming Environment Laboratory.
    Fritzson, Peter
    Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering. Linköping University, Department of Computer and Information Science, PELAB - Programming Environment Laboratory.
    Nezhadali, Vaheed
    Linköping University, Department of Electrical Engineering, Vehicular Systems. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Eriksson, Lars
    Linköping University, Department of Electrical Engineering, Vehicular Systems. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Sivertsson, Martin
    Linköping University, Department of Electrical Engineering, Vehicular Systems. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Parallel Multiple-Shooting and Collocation Optimization with OpenModelica2012In: Proceedings of the 9th International MODELICA Conference; September 3-5; 2012; Munich; Germany, Linköping University Electronic Press, 2012, p. 659-668, article id 067Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Nonlinear model predictive control (NMPC) has become increasingly important for today’s control engineers during the last decade. In order to apply NMPC a nonlinear optimal control problem (NOCP) must be solved which needs a high computational effort.

    State-of-the-art solution algorithms are based on multiple shooting or collocation algorithms; which are required to solve the underlying dynamic model formulation. This paper describes a general discretization scheme applied to the dynamic model description which can be further concretized to reproduce the mul-tiple shooting or collocation approach. Furthermore; this approach can be refined to represent a total collocation method in order to solve the underlying NOCP much more efficiently. Further speedup of optimization has been achieved by parallelizing the calculation of model specific parts (e.g. constraints; Jacobians; etc.) and is presented in the coming sections.

    The corresponding discretized optimization problem has been solved by the interior optimizer Ipopt. The proposed parallelized algorithms have been tested on different applications. As industrial relevant application an optimal control of a Diesel-Electric power train has been investigated. The modeling and problem description has been done in Optimica and Modelica. The simulation has been performed using OpenModelica. Speedup curves for parallel execution are presented.

  • 50.
    Backlund, Tomas
    Linköping University, Department of Electrical Engineering, Vehicular Systems.
    Overtake assistance2010Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (Two Years)), 30 credits / 45 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    This thesis is about the development of a function that assists the driver of a heavy vehicle to do an estimation over the possibilities to overtake a preceding heavy vehicle. The function utilizes Look-Ahead and vehicle-to-vehicle communication to do a calculation of the distance between the vehicles in some road distance ahead. Consequently the report also contains an investigation of what data that is needed to be known about a vehicle to be able to do a satisfying estimation about this vehicle. The most vital problem is to estimate what velocity the vehicle will get in an uphill/downhill slope. A Simulink model is developed to simulate the function with two independent vehicles. Real tests are also performed to evaluate the velocity estimation part of the function.

     

    Download full text (pdf)
    FULLTEXT01
1234567 1 - 50 of 794
CiteExportLink to result list
Permanent link
Cite
Citation style
  • apa
  • ieee
  • modern-language-association-8th-edition
  • vancouver
  • oxford
  • Other style
More styles
Language
  • de-DE
  • en-GB
  • en-US
  • fi-FI
  • nn-NO
  • nn-NB
  • sv-SE
  • Other locale
More languages
Output format
  • html
  • text
  • asciidoc
  • rtf