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  • 1. Order onlineBuy this publication >>
    Abrikossova, Natalia
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Molecular Surface Physics and Nano Science. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Investigation of nanoparticle-cell interactions for development of next generation of biocompatible MRI contrast agents2018Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    Progress in synthesis technologies and advances in fundamental understanding of materials with low dimensionality has led to the birth of a new scientific field, nanoscience, and to strong expectations of multiple applications of nanomaterials. The physical properties of small particles are unique, bridging the gap between atoms and molecules, on one side, and bulk materials on the other side. The work presented in this thesis investigates the potential of using magnetic nanoparticles as the next generation of contrast agents for biomedical imaging. The focus is on gadolinium-based nanoparticles and cellular activity including the uptake, morphology and production of reactive oxygen species.

    Gd ion complexes, like Gd chelates, are used today in the clinic, world-wide. However, there is a need for novel agents, with improved contrast capabilities and increased biocompatibility. One avenue in their design is based on crystalline nanoparticles. It allows to reduce the total number of Gd ions needed for an examination. This can be done by nanotechnology, which allows one to improve and fine tune the physico- chemical properties on the nanomaterial in use, and to increase the number of Gd atoms at a specific site that interact with protons and thereby locally increase the signal. In the present work, synthesis, purification and surface modification of crystalline Gd2O3-based nanoparticles have been performed. The nanoparticles are selected on the basis of their physical properties, that is they show enhanced magnetic properties and therefore may be of high potential interest for applications as contrast agents.

    The main synthesis method of Gd2O3 nanoparticles in this work was the modified “polyol” route, followed by purification of as-synthesized DEG-Gd2O3 nanoparticles suspensions. In most cases the purification step involved dialysis of the nanoparticle samples. In this thesis, organosilane were chosen as an exchange agent for further functionalization. Moreover, several paths have been explored for modification of the nanoparticles, including Tb3+ doping and capping with sorbitol.

    Biocompatibility of the newly designed nanoparticles is a prerequisite for their use in medical applications. Its evaluation is a complex process involving a wide range of biological phenomena. A promising path adopted in this work is to study of nanoparticle interactions with isolated blood cells. In this way one could screen nanomaterial prior to animal studies.

    The primary cell type considered in the thesis are polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN) which represent a type of the cells of human blood belonging to the granulocyte family of leukocytes. PMNs act as the first defense of the immune system against invading pathogens, which makes them valuable for studies of biocompatibility of newly synthesized nanoparticles. In addition, an immortalized murine alveolar macrophage cell line (MH-S), THP-1 cell line, and Ba/F3 murine bone marrow-derived cell line were considered to investigate the optimization of the cell uptake and to examine the potential of new intracellular contrast agent for magnetic resonance imaging.

    In paper I, the nanoparticles were investigated in a cellular system, as potential probes for visualization and targeting intended for bioimaging applications. The production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by means of luminol-dependent chemiluminescence from human neutrophils was studied in presence of Gd2O3 nanoparticles. In paper II, a new design of functionalized ultra-small rare earth-based nanoparticles was reported. The synthesis was done using polyol method followed by PEGylation, and dialysis. Supersmall gadolinium oxide (DEG-Gd2O3) nanoparticles, in the range of 3-5 nm were obtained and carefully characterized. Neutrophil activation after exposure to this nanomaterial was studied by means of fluorescence microscopy. In paper III, cell labeling with Gd2O3 nanoparticles in hematopoietic cells was monitored by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). In paper IV, ultra-small gadolinium oxide nanoparticles doped with terbium ions were synthesized as a potentially bifunctional material with both fluorescent and magnetic contrast agent properties. Paramagnetic behavior was studied. MRI contrast enhancement was received, and the luminescent/ fluorescent property of the particles was attributable to the Tb3+ ion located on the crystal lattice of the Gd2O3 host. Fluorescent labeling of living cells was obtained. In manuscript V, neutrophil granulocytes were investigated with rapid cell signaling communicative processes in time frame of minutes, and their response to cerium-oxide based nanoparticles were monitored using capacitive sensors based on Lab-on-a-chip technology. This showed the potential of label free method used to measure oxidative stress of neutrophil granulocytes. In manuscript VI, investigations of cell-(DEGGd2O3) nanoparticle interactions were carried out. Plain (DEG-Gd2O3) nanoparticles, (DEG-Gd2O3) nanoparticles in presence of sorbitol and (DEG-Gd2O3) nanoparticles capped with sorbitol were studied. Relaxation studies and measurements of the reactive oxygen species production by neutrophils were based on chemiluminescence. Cell morphology was evaluated as a parameter of the nanoparticle induced inflammatory response by means of the fluorescence microscopy.

    The thesis demonstrates high potential of novel Gd2O3-based nanoparticles for development of the next generation contrast agents, that is to find biocompatible compounds with high relaxivity that can be detected at lower doses, and in the future enable targeting to provide great local contrast.

    List of papers
    1. Effects of gadolinium oxide nanoparticles on the oxidative burst from human neutrophil granulocytes
    Open this publication in new window or tab >>Effects of gadolinium oxide nanoparticles on the oxidative burst from human neutrophil granulocytes
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    2012 (English)In: Nanotechnology, ISSN 0957-4484, E-ISSN 1361-6528, Vol. 23, no 27, p. 275101-Article in journal (Refereed) Published
    Abstract [en]

    We have previously shown that gadolinium oxide (Gd2O3) nanoparticles are promising candidates to be used as contrast agents in magnetic resonance (MR) imaging applications. In this study, these nanoparticles were investigated in a cellular system, as possible probes for visualization and targeting intended for bioimaging applications. We evaluated the impact of the presence of Gd2O3 nanoparticles on the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) from human neutrophils, by means of luminol-dependent chemiluminescence. Three sets of Gd2O3 nanoparticles were studied, i.e. as synthesized, dialyzed and both PEG-functionalized and dialyzed Gd2O3 nanoparticles. In addition, neutrophil morphology was evaluated by fluorescent staining of the actin cytoskeleton and fluorescence microscopy. We show that surface modification of these nanoparticles with polyethylene glycol (PEG) is essential in order to increase their biocompatibility. We observed that the as synthesized nanoparticles markedly decreased the ROS production from neutrophils challenged with prey (opsonized yeast particles) compared to controls without nanoparticles. After functionalization and dialysis, more moderate inhibitory effects were observed at a corresponding concentration of gadolinium. At lower gadolinium concentration the response was similar to that of the control cells. We suggest that the diethylene glycol (DEG) present in the as synthesized nanoparticle preparation is responsible for the inhibitory effects on the neutrophil oxidative burst. Indeed, in the present study we also show that even a low concentration of DEG, 0.3%, severely inhibits neutrophil function. In summary, the low cellular response upon PEG-functionalized Gd2O3 nanoparticle exposure indicates that these nanoparticles are promising candidates for MR-imaging purposes.

    Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
    Institute of Physics, 2012
    National Category
    Engineering and Technology
    Identifiers
    urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-79667 (URN)10.1088/0957-4484/23/27/275101 (DOI)000305802000001 ()
    Available from: 2012-08-14 Created: 2012-08-13 Last updated: 2022-02-07
    2. Synthesis and Characterization of PEGylated Gd2O3 Nanoparticles for MRI Contrast Enhancement
    Open this publication in new window or tab >>Synthesis and Characterization of PEGylated Gd2O3 Nanoparticles for MRI Contrast Enhancement
    Show others...
    2010 (English)In: Langmuir, ISSN 0743-7463, E-ISSN 1520-5827, Vol. 26, no 8, p. 5753-5762Article in journal (Refereed) Published
    Abstract [en]

    Recently, much attention has been given to the development of biofunctionalized nanoparticles with magnetic properties for novel biomedical imaging. Guided, smart, targeting nanoparticulate magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agents inducing high MRI signal will be valuable tools for future tissue specific imaging and investigation of molecular and cellular events. In this study, we report a new design of functionalized ultrasmall rare earth based nanoparticles to be used as a positive contrast agent in MRI. The relaxivity is compared to commercially available Gd based chelates. The synthesis, PEGylation, and dialysis of small (3−5 nm) gadolinium oxide (DEG-Gd2O3) nanoparticles are presented. The chemical and physical properties of the nanomaterial were investigated with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and dynamic light scattering. Neutrophil activation after exposure to this nanomaterial was studied by means of fluorescence microscopy. The proton relaxation times as a function of dialysis time and functionalization were measured at 1.5 T. A capping procedure introducing stabilizing properties was designed and verified, and the dialysis effects were evaluated. A higher proton relaxivity was obtained for as-synthesized diethylene glycol (DEG)-Gd2O3 nanoparticles compared to commercial Gd-DTPA. A slight decrease of the relaxivity for as-synthesized DEG-Gd2O3 nanoparticles as a function of dialysis time was observed. The results for functionalized nanoparticles showed a considerable relaxivity increase for particles dialyzed extensively with r1 and r2 values approximately 4 times the corresponding values for Gd-DTPA. The microscopy study showed that PEGylated nanoparticles do not activate neutrophils in contrast to uncapped Gd2O3. Finally, the nanoparticles are equipped with Rhodamine to show that our PEGylated nanoparticles are available for further coupling chemistry, and thus prepared for targeting purposes. The long term goal is to design a powerful, directed contrast agent for MRI examinations with specific targeting possibilities and with properties inducing local contrast, that is, an extremely high MR signal at the cellular and molecular level.

    Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
    American Chemical Society (ACS), 2010
    National Category
    Natural Sciences
    Identifiers
    urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-54946 (URN)10.1021/la903566y (DOI)000276562300061 ()
    Available from: 2010-04-23 Created: 2010-04-23 Last updated: 2022-02-07Bibliographically approved
    3. Gd2O3 nanoparticles in hematopoietic cells for MRI contrast enhancement
    Open this publication in new window or tab >>Gd2O3 nanoparticles in hematopoietic cells for MRI contrast enhancement
    Show others...
    2011 (English)In: International journal of nano medicine, ISSN 1178-2013, Vol. 6, p. 3233-3240Article in journal (Refereed) Published
    Abstract [en]

    As the utility of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) broadens, the importance of having specific and efficient contrast agents increases and in recent time there has been a huge development in the fields of molecular imaging and intracellular markers. Previous studies have shown that gadolinium oxide (Gd2O3) nanoparticles generate higher relaxivity than currently available Gd chelates: In addition, the Gd2O3 nanoparticles have promising properties for MRI cell tracking. The aim of the present work was to study cell labeling with Gd2O3 nanoparticles in hematopoietic cells and to improve techniques for monitoring hematopoietic stem cell migration by MRI. Particle uptake was studied in two cell lines: the hematopoietic progenitor cell line Ba/F3 and the monocytic cell line THP-1. Cells were incubated with Gd2O3 nanoparticles and it was investigated whether the transfection agent protamine sulfate increased the particle uptake. Treated cells were examined by electron microscopy and MRI, and analyzed for particle content by inductively coupled plasma sector field mass spectrometry. Results showed that particles were intracellular, however, sparsely in Ba/F3. The relaxation times were shortened with increasing particle concentration. Relaxivities, r1 and r2 at 1.5 T and 21°C, for Gd2O3 nanoparticles in different cell samples were 3.6–5.3 s-1 mM-1 and 9.6–17.2 s-1 mM-1, respectively. Protamine sulfate treatment increased the uptake in both Ba/F3 cells and THP-1 cells. However, the increased uptake did not increase the relaxation rate for THP-1 as for Ba/F3, probably due to aggregation and/or saturation effects. Viability of treated cells was not significantly decreased and thus, it was concluded that the use of Gd2O3 nanoparticles is suitable for this type of cell labeling by means of detecting and monitoring hematopoietic cells. In conclusion, Gd2O3 nanoparticles are a promising material to achieve positive intracellular MRI contrast; however, further particle development needs to be performed.

    Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
    Manchester, UK: Dove Medical Press Ltd, 2011
    Keywords
    gadolinium oxide, magnetic resonance imaging, contrast agent, cell labeling, Ba/F3 cells, THP-1 cells
    National Category
    Medical and Health Sciences
    Identifiers
    urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-72275 (URN)10.2147/IJN.S23940 (DOI)000298164300001 ()
    Note

    funding agencies|Swedish Research Council| 621-2007-3810 621-2009-5148 521-2009-3423 |VINNOVA| 2009-00194 |Center in Nanoscience and Technology at LiTH (CeNano)||

    Available from: 2011-11-24 Created: 2011-11-24 Last updated: 2021-10-13
    4. Synthesis and Characterization of Tb3+-Doped Gd2O3 Nanocrystals: A Bifunctional Material with Combined Fluorescent Labeling and MRI Contrast Agent Properties
    Open this publication in new window or tab >>Synthesis and Characterization of Tb3+-Doped Gd2O3 Nanocrystals: A Bifunctional Material with Combined Fluorescent Labeling and MRI Contrast Agent Properties
    Show others...
    2009 (English)In: The Journal of Physical Chemistry C, ISSN 1932-7447, E-ISSN 1932-7455, Vol. 113, no 17, p. 6913-6920Article in journal (Refereed) Published
    Abstract [en]

    Ultrasmall gadolinium oxide nanoparticles doped with terbium ions were synthesized by the polyol route and characterized as a potentially bifunctional material with both fluorescent and magnetic contrast agent properties. The structural, optical, and magnetic properties of the organic-acid-capped and PEGylated Gd2O3:Tb3+ nanocrystals were studied by HR-TEM, XPS, EDX, IR, PL, and SQUID. The luminescent/fluorescent property of the particles is attributable to the Tb3+ ion located on the crystal lattice of the Gd2O3 host. The paramagnetic behavior of the particles is discussed. Pilot studies investigating the capability of the nanoparticles for fluorescent labeling of living cells and as a MRI contrast agent were also performed. Cells of two cell lines (THP-1 cells and fibroblasts) were incubated with the particles, and intracellular particle distribution was visualized by confocal microscopy. The MRI relaxivity of the PEGylated nanoparticles in water at low Gd concentration was assessed showing a higher T-1 relaxation rate compared to conventional Gd-DTPA chelates and comparable to that of undoped Gd2O3 nanoparticles.

    National Category
    Natural Sciences
    Identifiers
    urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-12944 (URN)10.1021/jp808708m (DOI)000265529700009 ()
    Note

    On the day of the defence date the status of this article was Submitted

    Available from: 2008-02-21 Created: 2008-02-21 Last updated: 2021-10-13Bibliographically approved
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    Investigation of nanoparticle-cell interactions for development of next generation of biocompatible MRI contrast agents
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  • 2.
    Abrikossova, Natalia
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Molecular Surface Physics and Nano Science. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Skoglund, Caroline
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Molecular Surface Physics and Nano Science. Linköping University, The Institute of Technology.
    Ahrén, Maria
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Molecular Surface Physics and Nano Science. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Bengtsson, Torbjorn
    University of Örebro, Sweden .
    Uvdal, Kajsa
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Molecular Surface Physics and Nano Science. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Effects of gadolinium oxide nanoparticles on the oxidative burst from human neutrophil granulocytes2012In: Nanotechnology, ISSN 0957-4484, E-ISSN 1361-6528, Vol. 23, no 27, p. 275101-Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    We have previously shown that gadolinium oxide (Gd2O3) nanoparticles are promising candidates to be used as contrast agents in magnetic resonance (MR) imaging applications. In this study, these nanoparticles were investigated in a cellular system, as possible probes for visualization and targeting intended for bioimaging applications. We evaluated the impact of the presence of Gd2O3 nanoparticles on the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) from human neutrophils, by means of luminol-dependent chemiluminescence. Three sets of Gd2O3 nanoparticles were studied, i.e. as synthesized, dialyzed and both PEG-functionalized and dialyzed Gd2O3 nanoparticles. In addition, neutrophil morphology was evaluated by fluorescent staining of the actin cytoskeleton and fluorescence microscopy. We show that surface modification of these nanoparticles with polyethylene glycol (PEG) is essential in order to increase their biocompatibility. We observed that the as synthesized nanoparticles markedly decreased the ROS production from neutrophils challenged with prey (opsonized yeast particles) compared to controls without nanoparticles. After functionalization and dialysis, more moderate inhibitory effects were observed at a corresponding concentration of gadolinium. At lower gadolinium concentration the response was similar to that of the control cells. We suggest that the diethylene glycol (DEG) present in the as synthesized nanoparticle preparation is responsible for the inhibitory effects on the neutrophil oxidative burst. Indeed, in the present study we also show that even a low concentration of DEG, 0.3%, severely inhibits neutrophil function. In summary, the low cellular response upon PEG-functionalized Gd2O3 nanoparticle exposure indicates that these nanoparticles are promising candidates for MR-imaging purposes.

  • 3. Order onlineBuy this publication >>
    Ahrén, Maria
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Molecular Surface Physics and Nano Science. Linköping University, The Institute of Technology.
    Metal Oxide Nanoparticles for Contrast Enhancement in Magnetic Resonance Imaging: Synthesis, Functionalization and Characterization2013Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    This thesis work focuses on the design and production of nanoparticle based contrast agents for signal enhancement in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Three different synthesis routes are explored, primarily to produce crystalline gadolinium oxide (Gd2O3) nanoparticles, and surface modification is done to obtain stable, dispersible, biocompatible probes inducing high proton relaxivities.

    In Paper I and II we utilized the polyol synthesis method and nanoparticle purification was performed with dialysis. Active surface functionalization was achieved by an innermost layer of 3-mercaptopropyl trimetoxy silanes (MPTS) and an outer layer of bifunctional PEG. Surface capping was shown to greatly affect the water proton relaxation to a degree which is strongly dependent on the purification time. PEGylation also induced stabilizing effects and the ability to provide the nanoparticles with luminescent properties was proven by linking the fluorescent dye Rhodamine to the bifunctional PEG.

    In Paper III the magnetic behavior of yttrium (Y) alloyed Gd2O3 nanoparticles was investigated as a function of Y concentration. This was done by performing magnetic measurements and by studying the signal line width in electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy for Gd2O3, Y2O3 and a series of (GdxY1-x)2O3 samples produced using the combustion synthesis. The results verified that the signal line width is dependent on the percent of yttrium dilution. This is considered as an indication of that yttrium dilution changes the electron spin relaxation time in Gd2O3.

    Paper IV and V present a novel precipitation synthesis method for Gd2O3 nanoparticles. Acetate molecular groups were found to coordinate the nanoparticle surface increasing the water dispersability. The Gd2O3 nanoparticles induce a twice as high relaxivity per gadolinium atom, as compared to the commercially available contrast agent Magnevist. Incorporation of luminescent europium (Eu3+) ions into the Gd2O3 nanoparticles in combination with surface modification with a fluorescent branched carboxyl terminated TEG, produced dual probes with tunable luminescence, maintained relaxivity and thus a bright contrast in MRI.

    In Paper VI, a new approach to accomplish a dual probe was investigated. Luminescent ZnO nanoparticles decorated with Gd ions bound in an organic matrix were evaluated for MR signal enhancement and ability to function as fluorescent probes. Interestingly, these nanoprobes did show an enhanced capability to both strengthen the MR signal and increase the fluorescent quantum yield, as compared to the pure oxides.

    In Paper VII we investigate sub 5 nm crystalline manganese based nanoparticles produced by the precipitation synthesis used for Gd2O3 nanoparticles. Manganese oxide was chosen as another candidate for MRI contrast enhancement as it is expected to have a straight forward surface coupling chemistry. Characterization of the crystal structure and chemical composition indicated nanoparticles with a MnO core and presence of manganese species of higher valences at the nanoparticle surface. The MnO nanomaterial showed a superparamagnetic behavior and less capability to increase the MR signal as compared to Gd2O3.

    Characterization of the nanoparticle crystal structure and size is, throughout the work, performed by means of transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction and dynamic light scattering. The chemical composition is studied with X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, infrared spectroscopy and near edge X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy and the fluorescence characteristics are evaluated with fluorescence spectroscopy. In addition, theoretical models and calculated IR spectroscopy and near edge X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy data have been used for evaluation of experimental results.

    To conclude, the aim of this work is the design, production and characterization of ultrasmall rare earth based nanoparticles for signal enhancement in biomedical imaging. Surface modification clearly increases the colloidal stability and biocompatibility of the nanoparticles. Compared to the agents in clinical use today, these nanoprobes have a higher capability to enhance the MR-signal, and they will in the near future be equipped with tags for specific targeting.

    List of papers
    1. Positive MRI Enhancement in THP-1 Cells with Gd2O3 Nanoparticles
    Open this publication in new window or tab >>Positive MRI Enhancement in THP-1 Cells with Gd2O3 Nanoparticles
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    2008 (English)In: Contrast Media and Molecular Imaging, ISSN 1555-4309, Vol. 3, no 3, p. 106-111Article in journal (Refereed) Published
    Abstract [en]

    There is a demand for more efficient and tissue-specific MRI contrast agents and recent developments involve the design of substances useful as molecular markers and magnetic tracers. In this study, nanoparticles of gadolinium oxide (Gd2O3) have been investigated for cell labeling and capacity to generate a positive contrast. THP-1, a monocytic cell line that is phagocytic, was used and results were compared with relaxivity of particles in cell culture medium (RPMI 1640). The results showed that Gd2O3-labeled cells have shorter T1 and T2 relaxation times compared with untreated cells. A prominent difference in signal intensity was observed, indicating that Gd2O3 nanoparticles can be used as a positive contrast agent for cell labeling. The r1 for cell samples was 4.1 and 3.6 s-1 mm-1 for cell culture medium. The r2 was 17.4 and 12.9 s-1 mm-1, respectively. For r1, there was no significant difference in relaxivity between particles in cells compared to particles in cell culture medium, (pr1 = 0.36), but r2 was significantly different for the two different series (pr2 = 0.02). Viability results indicate that THP-1 cells endure treatment with Gd2O3 nanoparticles for an extended period of time and it is therefore concluded that results in this study are based on viable cells.

    Keywords
    gadolinium oxide, nanoparticles, contrast agent, THP-1 cells, magnetic resonance imaging
    National Category
    Medical and Health Sciences
    Identifiers
    urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-12945 (URN)10.1002/cmmi.236 (DOI)000257982000002 ()
    Available from: 2008-02-21 Created: 2008-02-21 Last updated: 2021-10-13Bibliographically approved
    2. Synthesis and Characterization of PEGylated Gd2O3 Nanoparticles for MRI Contrast Enhancement
    Open this publication in new window or tab >>Synthesis and Characterization of PEGylated Gd2O3 Nanoparticles for MRI Contrast Enhancement
    Show others...
    2010 (English)In: Langmuir, ISSN 0743-7463, E-ISSN 1520-5827, Vol. 26, no 8, p. 5753-5762Article in journal (Refereed) Published
    Abstract [en]

    Recently, much attention has been given to the development of biofunctionalized nanoparticles with magnetic properties for novel biomedical imaging. Guided, smart, targeting nanoparticulate magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agents inducing high MRI signal will be valuable tools for future tissue specific imaging and investigation of molecular and cellular events. In this study, we report a new design of functionalized ultrasmall rare earth based nanoparticles to be used as a positive contrast agent in MRI. The relaxivity is compared to commercially available Gd based chelates. The synthesis, PEGylation, and dialysis of small (3−5 nm) gadolinium oxide (DEG-Gd2O3) nanoparticles are presented. The chemical and physical properties of the nanomaterial were investigated with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and dynamic light scattering. Neutrophil activation after exposure to this nanomaterial was studied by means of fluorescence microscopy. The proton relaxation times as a function of dialysis time and functionalization were measured at 1.5 T. A capping procedure introducing stabilizing properties was designed and verified, and the dialysis effects were evaluated. A higher proton relaxivity was obtained for as-synthesized diethylene glycol (DEG)-Gd2O3 nanoparticles compared to commercial Gd-DTPA. A slight decrease of the relaxivity for as-synthesized DEG-Gd2O3 nanoparticles as a function of dialysis time was observed. The results for functionalized nanoparticles showed a considerable relaxivity increase for particles dialyzed extensively with r1 and r2 values approximately 4 times the corresponding values for Gd-DTPA. The microscopy study showed that PEGylated nanoparticles do not activate neutrophils in contrast to uncapped Gd2O3. Finally, the nanoparticles are equipped with Rhodamine to show that our PEGylated nanoparticles are available for further coupling chemistry, and thus prepared for targeting purposes. The long term goal is to design a powerful, directed contrast agent for MRI examinations with specific targeting possibilities and with properties inducing local contrast, that is, an extremely high MR signal at the cellular and molecular level.

    Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
    American Chemical Society (ACS), 2010
    National Category
    Natural Sciences
    Identifiers
    urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-54946 (URN)10.1021/la903566y (DOI)000276562300061 ()
    Available from: 2010-04-23 Created: 2010-04-23 Last updated: 2022-02-07Bibliographically approved
    3. Magnetic and Electron Spin Relaxation Properties of (GdxY1-x)2O3 (0 ≤ x ≤ 1) Nanoparticles Synthesized by the Combustion Method. Increased Electron Spin Relaxation Times with Increasing Yttrium Content
    Open this publication in new window or tab >>Magnetic and Electron Spin Relaxation Properties of (GdxY1-x)2O3 (0 ≤ x ≤ 1) Nanoparticles Synthesized by the Combustion Method. Increased Electron Spin Relaxation Times with Increasing Yttrium Content
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    2011 (English)In: The Journal of Physical Chemistry C, ISSN 1932-7447, E-ISSN 1932-7455, Vol. 115, no 13, p. 5469-5477Article in journal (Refereed) Published
    Abstract [en]

    The performance of a magnetic resonance imaging contrast agent (CA) depends on several factors, including the relaxation times of the unpaired electrons in the CA. The electron spin relaxation time may be a key factor for the performance of new CAs, such as nanosized Gd2O3 particles. The aim of this work is, therefore, to study changes in the magnetic susceptibility and the electron spin relaxation time of paramagnetic Gd2O3 nanoparticles diluted with increasing amounts of diamagnetic Y2O3. Nanoparticles of (GdxY1-x)2O3 (0 e x e 1) were prepared by the combustion method and thoroughly characterized (by X-ray di.raction, transmission electron microscopy, thermogravimetry coupled with mass spectroscopy, photoelectron spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and magnetic susceptibility measurements). Changes in the electron spin relaxation time were estimated by observations of the signal line width in electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy, and it was found that the line width was dependent on the concentration of yttrium, indicating that diamagnetic Y2O3 may increase the electron spin relaxation time of Gd2O3 nanoparticles.

    Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
    United States: American Chemical Society, 2011
    National Category
    Natural Sciences
    Identifiers
    urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-67439 (URN)10.1021/jp111368t (DOI)000288885900036 ()
    Available from: 2011-04-13 Created: 2011-04-12 Last updated: 2021-10-13Bibliographically approved
    4. A simple polyol-free synthesis route to Gd2O3 nanoparticles for MRI applications: an experimental and theoretical study
    Open this publication in new window or tab >>A simple polyol-free synthesis route to Gd2O3 nanoparticles for MRI applications: an experimental and theoretical study
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    2012 (English)In: Journal of nanoparticle research, ISSN 1388-0764, E-ISSN 1572-896X, Vol. 14, no 8Article in journal (Refereed) Published
    Abstract [en]

    Chelated gadolinium ions, e. g., GdDTPA, are today used clinically as contrast agents for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). An attractive alternative contrast agent is composed of gadolinium oxide nanoparticles as they have shown to provide enhanced contrast and, in principle, more straightforward molecular capping possibilities. In this study, we report a new, simple, and polyol-free way of synthesizing 4-5-nm-sized Gd2O3 nanoparticles at room temperature, with high stability and water solubility. The nanoparticles induce high-proton relaxivity compared to Gd-DTPA showing r(1) and r(2) values almost as high as those for free Gd3+ ions in water. The Gd2O3 nanoparticles are capped with acetate and carbonate groups, as shown with infrared spectroscopy, near-edge X-ray absorption spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and combined thermogravimetric and mass spectroscopy analysis. Interpretation of infrared spectroscopy data is corroborated by extensive quantum chemical calculations. This nanomaterial is easily prepared and has promising properties to function as a core in a future contrast agent for MRI.

    Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
    Springer Verlag (Germany), 2012
    Keywords
    Gadolinium oxide, Synthesis, Relaxivity, XPS, IR, Toxicity
    National Category
    Engineering and Technology
    Identifiers
    urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-81505 (URN)10.1007/s11051-012-1006-2 (DOI)000307273400028 ()
    Note

    Funding Agencies|VINNOVA|2008-03011|Centre in Nanoscience and Technology at LiTH (CeNano)||Swedish research council|621-2010-5014|SERC (Swedish e-Science Research Center)||

    Available from: 2012-09-18 Created: 2012-09-18 Last updated: 2021-10-13
    5. Highly Water-Dispersible Surface-Modified Gd2O3 Nanoparticles for Potential Dual-Modal Bioimaging
    Open this publication in new window or tab >>Highly Water-Dispersible Surface-Modified Gd2O3 Nanoparticles for Potential Dual-Modal Bioimaging
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    2013 (English)In: Chemistry - A European Journal, ISSN 0947-6539, E-ISSN 1521-3765, Vol. 19, no 38, p. 12658-12667Article in journal (Refereed) Published
    Abstract [en]

    Water-dispersible and luminescent gadolinium oxide (GO) nanoparticles (NPs) were designed and synthesized for potential dual-modal biological imaging. They were obtained by capping gadolinium oxide nanoparticles with a fluorescent glycol-based conjugated carboxylate (HL). The obtained nanoparticles (GO-L) show long-term colloidal stability and intense blue fluorescence. In addition, L can sensitize the luminescence of europium(III) through the so-called antenna effect. Thus, to extend the spectral ranges of emission, europium was introduced into L-modified gadolinium oxide nanoparticles. The obtained Eu-III-doped particles (Eu:GO-L) can provide visible red emission, which is more intensive than that without L capping. The average diameter of the monodisperse modified oxide cores is about 4nm. The average hydrodynamic diameter of the L-modified nanoparticles was estimated to be about 13nm. The nanoparticles show effective longitudinal water proton relaxivity. The relaxivity values obtained for GO-L and Eu:GO-L were r(1)=6.4 and 6.3s(-1)mM(-1) with r(2)/r(1) ratios close to unity at 1.4T. Longitudinal proton relaxivities of these nanoparticles are higher than those of positive contrast agents based on gadolinium complexes such as Gd-DOTA, which are commonly used for clinical magnetic resonance imaging. Moreover, these particles are suitable for cellular imaging and show good biocompatibility.

    Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
    Wiley-VCH Verlagsgesellschaft, 2013
    National Category
    Natural Sciences
    Identifiers
    urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-98690 (URN)10.1002/chem.201301687 (DOI)000324316300018 ()
    Available from: 2013-10-11 Created: 2013-10-11 Last updated: 2022-02-07Bibliographically approved
    6. Bifunctional gadolinium decorated ZnO nanocrystals integrating both enhanced MR signal and bright fluorescence
    Open this publication in new window or tab >>Bifunctional gadolinium decorated ZnO nanocrystals integrating both enhanced MR signal and bright fluorescence
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    2013 (English)Manuscript (preprint) (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    Gadolinium decorated ZnO nanoparticles simultaneously possess both fluorescent and MR enhancement properties. These ZnO nanoparticles are crystalline and shielded by an amorphous gadolinium acetate matrix. Interestingly, the Gd-acetate decoration enhances the fluorescence emission of the ZnO nanoparticles. The quantum yield does increase for samples with high Gd/Zn relative ratios and these samples do also show a higher colloidal stability.

    In addition, these nanoparticles show an enhanced relaxivity value per Gd atom (r119.9mM1s-1) compared to results earlier reported both on Gd alloyed ZnO nanoparticles and pure Gd2O3 nanoparticles. This improvement is considered to be due to the close proximity of Gd atoms and surrounding water molecules. A comprehensive study of the quantum yield and the relaxivity, as a function of composition, enable us to identify the ultimate design/composition of gadolinium decorated ZnO nanoparticles for optimum fluorescence and MR enhancement properties.

    National Category
    Natural Sciences
    Identifiers
    urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-91847 (URN)
    Available from: 2013-05-03 Created: 2013-05-03 Last updated: 2022-02-07Bibliographically approved
    7. One-step synthesis of sub 5 nm sized manganese oxide based nanoparticles
    Open this publication in new window or tab >>One-step synthesis of sub 5 nm sized manganese oxide based nanoparticles
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    2013 (English)Manuscript (preprint) (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    Sub 5 nm sized manganese oxide nanoparticles; MnOx (1 ≤ x ≤ 2), were synthesized via a short time room temperature synthesis route. The nanoparticles are crystalline, spherically shaped and in the size range of 2-4 nm as shown by transmission electron microscopy studies. Selected area electron diffraction patterns were collected and their appearance indicated that the nanoparticle cores are composed of MnO. Also, co-existence of the (II) and (III) oxidation states at the nanoparticle surface was verified by results achieved from infrared spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. These measurements also supported presence of a minor amount of acetate groups as well as a negligible fraction of carbonate groups at the nanoparticle surfaces. The interpretation of the IR spectra was confirmed by quantum chemical calculations using the high spin manganese nanoparticle Mn12O12(OAc)16(H2O)4, as a model system for the MnOx nanoparticle surface. Bulk MnO and Mn2O3 are known to be antiferromagnetic. The magnetic properties are however somewhat dependent of the crystallite size and changes when scaling down to the nanoregion. The MnOx (1 ≤ x ≤ 2) nanoparticles investigated in this work show a superparamagnetic behavior with a blocking temperature of approximately 12 K proven by means of SQUID measurements. The relaxivities of the nanoparticles and the Mn(OAc)2 precursors were studied with a bench top NMR analyzer verifying nanoparticle r1 and r2 of 0.5 and 6 mMs-1 respectively. The r1 relaxivity is lower than what is earlier reported for Gd based contrast agent, but improvements are expected by further surface modification, due to increased rotational time and higher water dispersability.

    National Category
    Natural Sciences
    Identifiers
    urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-98692 (URN)
    Available from: 2013-10-11 Created: 2013-10-11 Last updated: 2021-10-13Bibliographically approved
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    Metal Oxide Nanoparticles for Contrast Enhancement in Magnetic Resonance Imaging: Synthesis, Functionalization and Characterization
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  • 4.
    Ahrén, Maria
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Molecular Surface Physics and Nano Science. Linköping University, The Institute of Technology.
    Selegård, Linnéa
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Molecular Surface Physics and Nano Science. Linköping University, The Institute of Technology.
    Klasson, Anna
    Linköping University, Center for Medical Image Science and Visualization (CMIV). Linköping University, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Radiology. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Söderlind, Fredrik
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Chemistry. Linköping University, The Institute of Technology.
    Abrikossova, Natalia
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Molecular Surface Physics and Nano Science. Linköping University, The Institute of Technology.
    Skoglund, Caroline
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Molecular Surface Physics and Nano Science. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Bengtsson, Torbjörn
    Linköping University, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Division of Drug Research. Linköping University, The Institute of Technology.
    Engström, Maria
    Linköping University, Center for Medical Image Science and Visualization (CMIV). Linköping University, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Radiology. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Käll, Per-Olov
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Chemistry. Linköping University, The Institute of Technology.
    Uvdal, Kajsa
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Molecular Surface Physics and Nano Science. Linköping University, The Institute of Technology.
    Synthesis and Characterization of PEGylated Gd2O3 Nanoparticles for MRI Contrast Enhancement2010In: Langmuir, ISSN 0743-7463, E-ISSN 1520-5827, Vol. 26, no 8, p. 5753-5762Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Recently, much attention has been given to the development of biofunctionalized nanoparticles with magnetic properties for novel biomedical imaging. Guided, smart, targeting nanoparticulate magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agents inducing high MRI signal will be valuable tools for future tissue specific imaging and investigation of molecular and cellular events. In this study, we report a new design of functionalized ultrasmall rare earth based nanoparticles to be used as a positive contrast agent in MRI. The relaxivity is compared to commercially available Gd based chelates. The synthesis, PEGylation, and dialysis of small (3−5 nm) gadolinium oxide (DEG-Gd2O3) nanoparticles are presented. The chemical and physical properties of the nanomaterial were investigated with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and dynamic light scattering. Neutrophil activation after exposure to this nanomaterial was studied by means of fluorescence microscopy. The proton relaxation times as a function of dialysis time and functionalization were measured at 1.5 T. A capping procedure introducing stabilizing properties was designed and verified, and the dialysis effects were evaluated. A higher proton relaxivity was obtained for as-synthesized diethylene glycol (DEG)-Gd2O3 nanoparticles compared to commercial Gd-DTPA. A slight decrease of the relaxivity for as-synthesized DEG-Gd2O3 nanoparticles as a function of dialysis time was observed. The results for functionalized nanoparticles showed a considerable relaxivity increase for particles dialyzed extensively with r1 and r2 values approximately 4 times the corresponding values for Gd-DTPA. The microscopy study showed that PEGylated nanoparticles do not activate neutrophils in contrast to uncapped Gd2O3. Finally, the nanoparticles are equipped with Rhodamine to show that our PEGylated nanoparticles are available for further coupling chemistry, and thus prepared for targeting purposes. The long term goal is to design a powerful, directed contrast agent for MRI examinations with specific targeting possibilities and with properties inducing local contrast, that is, an extremely high MR signal at the cellular and molecular level.

  • 5.
    Ahrén, Maria
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Molecular Surface Physics and Nano Science. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Selegård, Linnéa
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Molecular Surface Physics and Nano Science. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Söderlind, Fredrik
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Nanostructured Materials. Linköping University, The Institute of Technology.
    Linares, Mathieu
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Computational Physics. Linköping University, The Institute of Technology.
    Kauczor, Joanna
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Computational Physics. Linköping University, The Institute of Technology.
    Norman, Patrick
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Computational Physics. Linköping University, The Institute of Technology.
    Käll, Per-Olov
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Physical Chemistry. Linköping University, The Institute of Technology.
    Uvdal, Kajsa
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Molecular Surface Physics and Nano Science. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    A simple polyol-free synthesis route to Gd2O3 nanoparticles for MRI applications: an experimental and theoretical study2012In: Journal of nanoparticle research, ISSN 1388-0764, E-ISSN 1572-896X, Vol. 14, no 8Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Chelated gadolinium ions, e. g., GdDTPA, are today used clinically as contrast agents for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). An attractive alternative contrast agent is composed of gadolinium oxide nanoparticles as they have shown to provide enhanced contrast and, in principle, more straightforward molecular capping possibilities. In this study, we report a new, simple, and polyol-free way of synthesizing 4-5-nm-sized Gd2O3 nanoparticles at room temperature, with high stability and water solubility. The nanoparticles induce high-proton relaxivity compared to Gd-DTPA showing r(1) and r(2) values almost as high as those for free Gd3+ ions in water. The Gd2O3 nanoparticles are capped with acetate and carbonate groups, as shown with infrared spectroscopy, near-edge X-ray absorption spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and combined thermogravimetric and mass spectroscopy analysis. Interpretation of infrared spectroscopy data is corroborated by extensive quantum chemical calculations. This nanomaterial is easily prepared and has promising properties to function as a core in a future contrast agent for MRI.

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    fulltext
  • 6.
    Ahrén, Maria
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Molecular Surface Physics and Nano Science. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Söderlind, Fredrik
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Nanostructured Materials. Linköping University, The Institute of Technology.
    Linares, Mathieu
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Computational Physics. Linköping University, The Institute of Technology.
    Nordblad, Per
    Division of Solid State Physics, Department of Engineering Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
    Norman, Patrick
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Computational Physics. Linköping University, The Institute of Technology.
    Uvdal, Kajsa
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Molecular Surface Physics and Nano Science. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    One-step synthesis of sub 5 nm sized manganese oxide based nanoparticles2013Manuscript (preprint) (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    Sub 5 nm sized manganese oxide nanoparticles; MnOx (1 ≤ x ≤ 2), were synthesized via a short time room temperature synthesis route. The nanoparticles are crystalline, spherically shaped and in the size range of 2-4 nm as shown by transmission electron microscopy studies. Selected area electron diffraction patterns were collected and their appearance indicated that the nanoparticle cores are composed of MnO. Also, co-existence of the (II) and (III) oxidation states at the nanoparticle surface was verified by results achieved from infrared spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. These measurements also supported presence of a minor amount of acetate groups as well as a negligible fraction of carbonate groups at the nanoparticle surfaces. The interpretation of the IR spectra was confirmed by quantum chemical calculations using the high spin manganese nanoparticle Mn12O12(OAc)16(H2O)4, as a model system for the MnOx nanoparticle surface. Bulk MnO and Mn2O3 are known to be antiferromagnetic. The magnetic properties are however somewhat dependent of the crystallite size and changes when scaling down to the nanoregion. The MnOx (1 ≤ x ≤ 2) nanoparticles investigated in this work show a superparamagnetic behavior with a blocking temperature of approximately 12 K proven by means of SQUID measurements. The relaxivities of the nanoparticles and the Mn(OAc)2 precursors were studied with a bench top NMR analyzer verifying nanoparticle r1 and r2 of 0.5 and 6 mMs-1 respectively. The r1 relaxivity is lower than what is earlier reported for Gd based contrast agent, but improvements are expected by further surface modification, due to increased rotational time and higher water dispersability.

  • 7.
    Andersson, Viktor
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Biomolecular and Organic Electronics. Linköping University, The Institute of Technology.
    Skoglund, Caroline
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Molecular Surface Physics and Nano Science. Linköping University, The Institute of Technology.
    Uvdal, Kajsa
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Molecular Surface Physics and Nano Science. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Solin, Niclas
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Biomolecular and Organic Electronics. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Preparation of amyloidlike fibrils containing magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles: Effect of protein aggregation on proton relaxivity2012In: Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications - BBRC, ISSN 0006-291X, E-ISSN 1090-2104, Vol. 419, no 4, p. 682-686Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    A method to prepare amyloid-like fibrils functionalized with magnetic nanoparticles has been developed. The amyloid-like fibrils are prepared in a two step procedure, where insulin and magnetic nanoparticles are mixed simply by grinding in the solid state, resulting in a water soluble hybrid material. When the hybrid material is heated in aqueous acid, the insulin/nanoparticle hybrid material self assembles to form amyloid-like fibrils incorporating the magnetic nanoparticles. This results in magnetically labeled amyloid-like fibrils which has been characterized by Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) and electron tomography. The influence of the aggregation process on proton relaxivity is investigated. The prepared materials have potential uses in a range of bio-imaging applications.

  • 8.
    Assenhöj, Maria
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Division of Prevention, Rehabilitation and Community Medicine. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Region Östergötland, Medicine Center, Occupational and Environmental Medicine Center.
    Eriksson, Peter
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Molecular Surface Physics and Nano Science. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Donnes, Pierre
    SciCross AB, Sweden.
    Ljunggren, Stefan
    Linköping University, Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Division of Prevention, Rehabilitation and Community Medicine. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Region Östergötland, Medicine Center, Occupational and Environmental Medicine Center.
    Marcusson-Stahl, Maritha
    Res Inst Sweden RISE, Sweden.
    Du Rietz, Anna
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Molecular Surface Physics and Nano Science. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Uvdal, Kajsa
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Molecular Surface Physics and Nano Science. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Karlsson, Helen
    Linköping University, Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Division of Prevention, Rehabilitation and Community Medicine. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Region Östergötland, Medicine Center, Occupational and Environmental Medicine Center.
    Cederbrant, Karin
    Res Inst Sweden RISE, Sweden.
    Protein interaction, monocyte toxicity and immunogenic properties of cerium oxide crystals with 5% or 14% gadolinium, cobalt oxide and iron oxide nanoparticles - an interdisciplinary approach2021In: Nanotoxicology, ISSN 1743-5390, E-ISSN 1743-5404, Vol. 15, no 8, p. 1035-1058Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Metal oxide nanoparticles are widely used in both consumer products and medical applications, but the knowledge regarding exposure-related health effects is limited. However, it is challenging to investigate nanoparticle interaction processes with biological systems. The overall aim of this project was to improve the possibility to predict exposure-related health effects of metal oxide nanoparticles through interdisciplinary collaboration by combining workflows from the pharmaceutical industry, nanomaterial sciences, and occupational medicine. Specific aims were to investigate nanoparticle-protein interactions and possible adverse immune reactions. Four different metal oxide nanoparticles; CeOx nanocrystals with 5% or 14% Gd, Co3O4, and Fe2O3, were characterized by dynamic light scattering and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy. Nanoparticle-binding proteins were identified and screened for HLA-binding peptides in silico. Monocyte interaction with nanoparticle-protein complexes was assessed in vitro. Herein, for the first time, immunogenic properties of nanoparticle-binding proteins have been characterized. The present study indicates that especially Co3O4-protein complexes can induce both danger signals, verified by the production of inflammatory cytokines and simultaneously bind autologous proteins, which can be presented as immunogenic epitopes by MHC class II. The clinical relevance of these findings should be further evaluated to investigate the role of metal oxide nanoparticles in the development of autoimmune disease. The general workflow identified experimental difficulties, such as nanoparticle aggregate formation and a lack of protein-free buffers suitable for particle characterization, protein analyses, as well as for cell studies. This confirms the importance of future interdisciplinary collaborations.

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  • 9.
    Balian, Alien
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Molecular Surface Physics and Nano Science. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering. Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine (WCMM), Sweden.
    Garcia Gonzalez, Javier
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Molecular Surface Physics and Nano Science. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering. Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine (WCMM), Sweden.
    Bastida, Nora
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Molecular Surface Physics and Nano Science. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Akhtar, Khadija-Tul Kubra
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Borsa, Baris Ata
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Molecular Surface Physics and Nano Science. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering. Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine (WCMM), Sweden.
    Hernandez, Frank
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Molecular Surface Physics and Nano Science. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering. Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine (WCMM), Sweden.
    Kinetic Screening of Nuclease Activity using Nucleic Acid Probes2019In: Journal of Visualized Experiments, E-ISSN 1940-087X, no 153, article id e60005Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Nucleases are a class of enzymes that break down nucleic acids by catalyzing the hydrolysis of the phosphodiester bonds that link the ribose sugars. Nucleases display a variety of vital physiological roles in prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms, ranging from maintaining genome stability to providing protection against pathogens. Altered nuclease activity has been associated with several pathological conditions including bacterial infections and cancer. To this end, nuclease activity has shown great potential to be exploited as a specific biomarker. However, a robust and reproducible screening method based on this activity remains highly desirable. Herein, we introduce a method that enables screening for nuclease activity using nucleic acid probes as substrates, with the scope of differentiating between pathological and healthy conditions. This method offers the possibility of designing new probe libraries, with increasing specificity, in an iterative manner. Thus, multiple rounds of screening are necessary to refine the probes design with enhanced features, taking advantage of the availability of chemically modified nucleic acids. The considerable potential of the proposed technology lies in its flexibility, high reproducibility, and versatility for the screening of nuclease activity associated with disease conditions. It is expected that this technology will allow the development of promising diagnostic tools with a great potential in the clinic.

  • 10.
    Balian, Alien
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Molecular Surface Physics and Nano Science. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Hernandez, Frank
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Molecular Surface Physics and Nano Science. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering. Linköping University, Center for Medical Image Science and Visualization (CMIV).
    Nucleases as molecular targets for cancer diagnosis2021In: Biomarker Research, E-ISSN 2050-7771, Vol. 9, no 1, article id 86Article, review/survey (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Early cancer diagnosis is a crucial element to improved treatment options and survival. Great research efforts have been made in the search for better performing cancer diagnostic biomarkers. However, the quest continues as novel biomarkers with high accuracy for an early diagnosis remain an unmet clinical need. Nucleases, which are enzymes capable of cleaving nucleic acids, have been long considered as potential cancer biomarkers. The implications of nucleases are key for biological functions, their presence in different cellular counterparts and catalytic activity led the enthusiasm towards investigating the role of nucleases as promising cancer biomarkers. However, the most essential feature of these proteins, which is their enzymatic activity, has not been fully exploited. This review discusses nucleases interrogated as cancer biomarkers, providing a glimpse of their physiological roles. Moreover, it highlights the potential of harnessing the enzymatic activity of cancer-associated nucleases as a novel diagnostic biomarker using nucleic acid probes as substrates.

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  • 11.
    Bian, Bian
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Electronic and photonic materials. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Musumeci, Chiara
    Linköping University, Department of Science and Technology, Laboratory of Organic Electronics. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Wang, Chuan Fei
    Linköping University, Department of Science and Technology, Laboratory of Organic Electronics. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Skallberg, Andreas
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Molecular Surface Physics and Nano Science. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Chen, Yongzhen
    Linköping University, Department of Science and Technology, Laboratory of Organic Electronics. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Hu, Zhang-Jun
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Molecular Surface Physics and Nano Science. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Münger, Peter
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Theoretical Physics. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Uvdal, Kajsa
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Molecular Surface Physics and Nano Science. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Fahlman, Mats
    Linköping University, Department of Science and Technology, Laboratory of Organic Electronics. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Inganäs, Olle
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Electronic and photonic materials. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Nanocontacts give efficient hole injection in organic electronics2021In: Science Bulletin, ISSN 2095-9273, Vol. 66, no 9, p. 875-879Article in journal (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    n/a

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  • 12.
    Björefors, Fredrik
    et al.
    Linköping University, The Institute of Technology. Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Sensor Science and Molecular Physics.
    Petoral Jr, Rodrigo M.
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Molecular Surface Physics and Nano Science. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Uvdal, Kajsa
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Molecular Surface Physics and Nano Science. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy for investigations on ion permeation in ?-functionalized self-assembled monolayers2007In: Analytical Chemistry, ISSN 0003-2700, E-ISSN 1520-6882, Vol. 79, no 21, p. 8391-8398Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy was employed to explore the possibility of relating the permeation of electrolyte ions in ?-functionalized self-assembled monolayers to structural or polarity changes induced by interaction with metal ions. The monolayers were based on alkanethiols modified with a phosphorylated tyrosine analogue, which from previous work are known to drastically change their organization on gold surfaces upon interaction with aluminum and magnesium ions. The ion permeation was evaluated by using relatively low excitation frequencies, 1000 to 2 Hz, and quantified by an extra resistive component in the equivalent circuit (R SAM). The extent of ion permeation influenced by the dc potential, the electrolyte concentration, the functional group, and the thiol length were also investigated. It was, for example, found that RSAM decreased ~20% when the thiol organization collapsed and that RSAM increased ~4-5 times when the electrolyte concentration was decreased by 1 order of magnitude. Interesting observations were also made regarding the potential dependence of RSAM and the double layer capacitance. The evaluation of the ion permeation can be used to indirectly detect whether the organization of a SAM is influenced by, for example, electric fields or chemical and biological interactions. This analysis can be performed without addition of redox species, but is on the other hand complicated by the fact that other factors also influence the presence of ions within the monolayer. In addition, a second parallel RC process was obtained in some of the impedance spectra when using even lower frequencies, and its resistive component revealed different results compared to RSAM. Such data may be useful for the understanding of complex double layer phenomena at modified electrodes. © 2007 American Chemical Society.

  • 13.
    Björklund, Emil
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Chemistry. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Du Rietz, Anna
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Molecular Surface Physics and Nano Science. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Lundström, Patrik
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Chemistry. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Analysis of protein-ligand interactions from titrations and nuclear magnetic resonance relaxation dispersions2022In: Protein Science, ISSN 0961-8368, E-ISSN 1469-896X, Vol. 31, no 1, p. 301-307Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    We present PLIS, a publicly available, open-source software for the determination of protein-ligand dissociation constants that can be used to characterize biological processes or to shed light on biophysical aspects of interactions. PLIS can analyze data from titration experiments monitored by for instance fluorescence spectroscopy or from nuclear magnetic resonance relaxation dispersion experiments. In addition to analysis of experimental data, PLIS includes functionality for generation of synthetic data, useful for understanding how different parameters effect the data in order to better analyze experiments.

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  • 14.
    Book Isaksson, Johanna
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Molecular Surface Physics and Nano Science.
    Elofsson, Karin
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Molecular Surface Physics and Nano Science.
    Sustainable nano-sealing of anodic coatings2019Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (Two Years)), 20 credits / 30 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    For decades, hexavalent chromium has been used in the surface treatment of aluminum alloys in the aerospace industry. In the sealing process of anodic coatings, hexavalent chromium provides surface protection with excellent corrosion resistance. However, the toxicity and carcinogenity of chromium substances signify the need for more sustainable alternatives. Herein, the more environmentally friendly rare earth metal cerium is investigated as potential candidate to replace chromium to seal the pores of anodized Al alloy 2024-T3 sample surfaces. Sealing was performed in cerium chloride solution with the addition of hydrogen peroxide as accelerant to form cerium oxide nanoparticles. Several sealing conditions were investigated: i) sealing immersion time, ii) ratio of CeCl3:H2O2, iii) CeCl3 concentration, iv) addition of surfactant, v) stirring conditions and vi) hydrothermal sealing. Results were evaluated using contact angle measurements (CAMs), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). SEM showed increased number and size of cerium oxide nanoparticle clusters as a function of immersion time under stirred conditions. CAM and XRD results indicated changes in surface characteristics with the addition of surfactants and altered CeCl3:H2O2 ratio. The findings in this thesis supports the earlier proposed theory that cerium could be used as an environmentally friendly alternative to hexavalent chromium. The thesis work clearly shows that it was possible to control some surface characteristics of the Al alloy samples, such as the number of cerium oxide nanoparticles and the morphology of nanoparticle clusters.

  • 15.
    Borsa, Baris Ata
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Molecular Surface Physics and Nano Science. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Sudagidan, Mert
    Konya Food & Agr Univ, Turkey.
    Aldag, Mehmet E.
    Corlu State Hosp, Turkey.
    Baris, Isik I.
    Cakmak Erdem Hosp, Turkey.
    Acar, Elif E.
    Konya Food & Agr Univ, Turkey.
    Acuner, Cagatay
    Yeditepe Univ, Turkey.
    Kavruk, Murat
    Turkish Stand Inst TSE, Turkey.
    Ozalp, Veli C.
    Atilim Univ, Turkey.
    Antibiotic administration in targeted nanoparticles protects the faecal microbiota of mice2021In: RSC MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY, ISSN 2632-8682, Vol. 12, no 3, p. 380-383Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Antibiotic therapy comes with disturbances on human microbiota, resulting in changes of bacterial communities and thus leading to well-established health problems. In this study, we demonstrated that targeted teicoplanin administration maintains the faecal microbiota composition undisturbed in a mouse model while reaching therapeutic improvements for S. aureus infection.

  • 16.
    Bunnfors, Kalle
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Molecular Surface Physics and Nano Science. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Imaging and Spectroscopic Mapping of Blood Cell Activity: Nanoparticles and Neutrophil Extracellular Traps2021Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    Imaging and visualization of cell activity when exposed to nanomaterial are of main importance, when investigating biological response to a wide range of biomaterials from medical implants to smart nanoprobes. The ability to provide molecular and chemical information with spatial resolution in the region of sub-µm leads to increased insight and understanding of these biological challenges. Interdisciplinary collaborative effort may contribute and help solving urgent matters related to the challenges that we globally share. It is necessary to develop powerful tools such as analytical imaging techniques for addressing these urgent issues. This will increase our knowledge from the visualization on the cellular and subcellular level and help designing sustainable, personalized medical nanoprobes. In this thesis, the focus is to investigate the possibilities using the fluorescence microscopy, combined with surface analytical techniques delivering element specific information. 

    Neutrophils are the most abundant immune cell in our bodies. They scavenge the body for threats and are usually among the first ones to find intruders and start the inflammation process. They have several ways of handling a threat, the main three being degranulation, phagocytosis, and neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). In short, degranulation where granules are released into the extracellular matrix, phagocytosis is the process when for example the bacteria in engulfed by the neutrophil and neutralized. The NETs are when the neutrophil decondense their DNA and throw it out as a net to physically trap the invader and together with reactive oxygen species, proteases, and other antimicrobial molecules. It has been observed that nanoparticles (NP) can trigger NETs and there have been some comparisons between different parameters such as size, geometry, and functionalization. 

    In this thesis we have explored how to measure neutrophil activity by a novel label free and noninvasive method (Paper 1). The NanoEsca, a combined XPS and PEEM instrument, is used to chemically map the neutrophils and NETs. We could clearly observe the NETs in PEEM and XPS mode. Quantum Dots (QDots, CdSe based) was used to trigger NETs. We track down the Quantum Dots with the element specific mapping. In the next paper we further explored how to extract new information with this advanced instrument that is traditionally is used for material- and surface science, and just recently deliver results in imaging and visualization within life sciences. Ultrathin slices of neutrophils where made special focus was given to the research work developing strategies to obtain and extract additional information from inside the neutrophils. These are pilot studies and show great potential to get chemical information in a label free way and is a good complement to fluorescence, SEM and TEM. We then made an in-depth investigation on the mechanisms how nanoparticles interact with neutrophils, with special focus on processes triggering NETs formation. Using QDots as a model system we could show that the NETs release is strongly dependent on the uptake of the nanoparticles. We used fluorescence and TEM to investigate where the QDots uptake and to identify the pattern where they finally end up. We clearly observed them inside vesicles in the inner part of the cell and even within the NETs structure giving proof that the uptake of QDots play an important role of the NETs formation. In the last paper we expanded the study and exposed the cells to Iron Oxide NPs (FeNP) Here we developed a strategy how to alternate the magnetic field control the direction of the NETs. We could manipulate live NETs with a magnetic field and made observations that parts of the NETs are static and some clearly mobile, still with an internal memory to find its initial structure just after release. TEM studies revealed that, like the QDots, the FeNP end up inside the NETs. In conclusion in this thesis work, detailed processes are explored on neutrophils and their NETs formation with new unconventional methods and how neutrophils and nanoparticles interact with respect to NETs. 

    List of papers
    1. New Tools for Imaging Neutrophils: Work Function Mapping and Element-Specific, Label-Free Imaging of Cellular Structures
    Open this publication in new window or tab >>New Tools for Imaging Neutrophils: Work Function Mapping and Element-Specific, Label-Free Imaging of Cellular Structures
    2021 (English)In: Nano letters (Print), ISSN 1530-6984, E-ISSN 1530-6992, Vol. 21, no 1, p. 222-229Article in journal (Refereed) Published
    Abstract [en]

    Photoemission electron microscopy and imaging X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy are today frequently used to obtain chemical and electronic states, chemical shifts, work function profiles within the fields of surface- and material sciences. Lately, because of recent technological advances, these tools have also been valuable within life sciences. In this study, we have investigated the power of photoemission electron microscopy and imaging X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy for visualization of human neutrophil granulocytes. These cells, commonly called neutrophils, are essential for our innate immune system. We hereby investigate the structure and morphology of neutrophils when adhered to gold and silicon surfaces. Energy-filtered imaging of single cells are acquired. The characteristic polymorphonuclear cellular nuclei divided into 2-S lobes is visualized. Element-specific imaging is achieved based on O 1s, P 2p, C 1s, Si 2p, and N is core level spectra, delivering elemental distribution with submicrometer resolution, illustrating the strength of this type of cellular morphological studies.

    Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
    American Chemical Society (ACS), 2021
    Keywords
    PEEM; imaging XPS; work function mapping; elemental imaging; neutrophils
    National Category
    Atom and Molecular Physics and Optics
    Identifiers
    urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-174157 (URN)10.1021/acs.nanolett.0c03554 (DOI)000611082000031 ()33263404 (PubMedID)
    Note

    Funding Agencies|Swedish Government Strategic Research Area in Materials Science on Functional Materials at Linkoping University [SFO-Mat-LiU 2009-00971]; Swedish Research Council VRSwedish Research Council [2019-02409]; Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation KAWKnut & Alice Wallenberg Foundation [2014.0276]; CTS [CTS 18:399 19:379]; Centre in Nanoscience and Nanotechnology at LiTH (CeNano) at Linkoping University

    Available from: 2021-03-15 Created: 2021-03-15 Last updated: 2022-02-07
    2. Neutrophils Activated by Nanoparticles and Formation of Neutrophil Extracellular Traps: Work Function Mapping and Element Specific Imaging
    Open this publication in new window or tab >>Neutrophils Activated by Nanoparticles and Formation of Neutrophil Extracellular Traps: Work Function Mapping and Element Specific Imaging
    2019 (English)In: Analytical Chemistry, ISSN 0003-2700, E-ISSN 1520-6882, Vol. 91, no 21, p. 13514-13520Article in journal (Refereed) Published
    Abstract [en]

    Photoemission electron microscopy (PEEM) and imaging X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) have over the years been powerful tools in classical surface physics and material sciences, and due to recent technological advances, their uses within other fields/disciplines are rapidly growing. Lately, the XPS/PEEM based elemental analysis and characterization in imaging mode, with exquisite spatial resolution and high sensitivity, has shown the potential to deliver new mechanistic insights in cell-biology/medicine. In this work, the aim was to visualize biological processes on the cellular level, with the additional dimension of topographical morphology and element specific information, mapping chemical composition and chemical states. This is hereby demonstrated by combined PEEM and imaging XPS investigation of neutrophils and their activation processes, where fluorescence microscopy commonly used in biology is used for benchmarking. Neutrophils are phagocytic cells and are vital components in the human immune system, with the fundamental role of fighting invading pathogens. They are capable of ingesting microorganisms or particles, and in order to capture and trap foreign objects, one of their strategies is to release nuclear DNA by the formation of extracellular web-like traps (NETs). Here, we report how neutrophils are triggered by controlled nanoparticle (NP) exposure. The neutrophils and NETs formation are imaged in the presence of NPs, and we report the elemental composition of single cells and the structure of NETs. Cellular uptake of nanoparticles is proven and the states just before and after NETs release are imaged, as well as visualization of the extraordinary capability for mass transport at distances 10 times or more than the size of the cell itself. This method paves the way for element specific imaging of biorelated cells on surfaces as well as nanoparticle tracking in the submicro- and nanoregions.

    Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
    AMER CHEMICAL SOC, 2019
    National Category
    Cell and Molecular Biology
    Identifiers
    urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-162325 (URN)10.1021/acs.analchem.9b02579 (DOI)000495469100028 ()31553180 (PubMedID)
    Note

    Funding Agencies|Swedish Government Strategic Research Area in Materials Science on Functional Materials at Linkoping University (Faculty Grant SFO-Mat-LiU) [2009-00971]; Swedish Research Council VRSwedish Research Council [621-2013-5357]; Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation KAWKnut & Alice Wallenberg Foundation [2014.0276]; Centre in Nanoscience and Nanotechnology at LiTH (CeNano) at Linkoping University; CTS [17:478, CTS 18:399]

    Available from: 2019-11-28 Created: 2019-11-28 Last updated: 2022-02-07
    3. Nanoparticle activated neutrophils-on-a-chip: A label-free capacitive sensor to monitor cells at work
    Open this publication in new window or tab >>Nanoparticle activated neutrophils-on-a-chip: A label-free capacitive sensor to monitor cells at work
    Show others...
    2020 (English)In: Sensors and actuators. B, Chemical, ISSN 0925-4005, E-ISSN 1873-3077, SENSORS AND ACTUATORS B-CHEMICAL, Vol. 313, article id 128020Article in journal (Refereed) Published
    Abstract [en]

    Neutrophil granulocytes are the most abundant white blood cells in mammals and vital components of the immune system. They are involved in the early phase of inflammation and in generation of reactive oxygen species. These rapid cell-signaling communicative processes are performed in the time frame of minutes. In this work, the activity and the response of neutrophil granulocytes are monitored when triggered by cerium-oxide based nanoparticles, using capacitive sensors based on Lab-on-a-chip technology. The chip is designed to monitor activation processes of cells during nanoparticle exposure, which is for the first time recorded on-line as alteration of the capacitance. The complementary metal oxide semiconductor engineering chip design is combined with low temperature co-fired ceramic, LTCC, packaging technology. The method is label free and gently measures cells on top of an insulating surface in a weak electromagnetic field, as compared to commonly used four-point probes and impedance spectroscopy electric measurements where electrodes are in direct contact with the cells. In summary, this label free method is used to measure oxidative stress of neutrophil granulocytes in real time, minute by minute and visualize the difference in moderate and high cellular workload during exposure of external triggers. It clearly shows the capability of this method to detect cell response during exposure of external triggers. In this way, an informationally dense non-invasive method is obtained, to monitor cells at work.

    Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
    Elsevier, 2020
    Keywords
    Complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS); Low temperature co-fired ceramic (LTCC) packaging; Lab-on-a-chip; Neutrophil granulocytes; Capacitive sensor; Cerium oxide nanoparticles
    National Category
    Immunology
    Identifiers
    urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-165522 (URN)10.1016/j.snb.2020.128020 (DOI)000526287200022 ()2-s2.0-85082944740 (Scopus ID)
    Note

    Funding Agencies|Swedish Research CouncilSwedish Research Council [621-2013-5357, 2019-02409]; Swedish Government Strategic Research Area in Materials Science on Functional Mat erials at Linkoping University (Faculty Grant SFO-Mat-LiU) [2009-00971]; Knut and Alice Wallenberg FoundationKnut & Alice Wallenberg Foundation [2012.0083CTS 18: 399]; Centre in Nano Science and Nano technology at LiTH (CeNano) at Linkoping University; COST Action EuNetAir "European Network on New Sensing Technologies for Air-Pollution Control and Environmental Sustainability" [TD1105]; Academy of Finland (ClintoxNP project)Academy of Finland [268944]; TEKES (Chempack project) [1427/31/2010]

    Available from: 2020-05-06 Created: 2020-05-06 Last updated: 2022-02-16Bibliographically approved
  • 17.
    Bunnfors, Kalle
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Molecular Surface Physics and Nano Science. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Abrikossova, Natalia
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Thin Film Physics. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Kilpijarvi, Joni
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Molecular Surface Physics and Nano Science. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering. Univ Oulu, Finland.
    Eriksson, Peter
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Molecular Surface Physics and Nano Science. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Juuti, Jari
    Univ Oulu, Finland.
    Halonen, Niina
    Univ Oulu, Finland.
    Brommesson, Caroline
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Molecular Surface Physics and Nano Science. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Lloyd Spetz, Anita
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Sensor and Actuator Systems. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Uvdal, Kajsa
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Molecular Surface Physics and Nano Science. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Nanoparticle activated neutrophils-on-a-chip: A label-free capacitive sensor to monitor cells at work2020In: Sensors and actuators. B, Chemical, ISSN 0925-4005, E-ISSN 1873-3077, SENSORS AND ACTUATORS B-CHEMICAL, Vol. 313, article id 128020Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Neutrophil granulocytes are the most abundant white blood cells in mammals and vital components of the immune system. They are involved in the early phase of inflammation and in generation of reactive oxygen species. These rapid cell-signaling communicative processes are performed in the time frame of minutes. In this work, the activity and the response of neutrophil granulocytes are monitored when triggered by cerium-oxide based nanoparticles, using capacitive sensors based on Lab-on-a-chip technology. The chip is designed to monitor activation processes of cells during nanoparticle exposure, which is for the first time recorded on-line as alteration of the capacitance. The complementary metal oxide semiconductor engineering chip design is combined with low temperature co-fired ceramic, LTCC, packaging technology. The method is label free and gently measures cells on top of an insulating surface in a weak electromagnetic field, as compared to commonly used four-point probes and impedance spectroscopy electric measurements where electrodes are in direct contact with the cells. In summary, this label free method is used to measure oxidative stress of neutrophil granulocytes in real time, minute by minute and visualize the difference in moderate and high cellular workload during exposure of external triggers. It clearly shows the capability of this method to detect cell response during exposure of external triggers. In this way, an informationally dense non-invasive method is obtained, to monitor cells at work.

  • 18.
    Chang, Jui-Che
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Thin Film Physics. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Eriksson, Fredrik
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Thin Film Physics. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Sortica, Mauricio A.
    Uppsala Univ, Sweden.
    Greczynski, Grzegorz
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Thin Film Physics. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Bakhit, Babak
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Thin Film Physics. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Hu, Zhang-Jun
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Molecular Surface Physics and Nano Science. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Primetzhofer, Daniel
    Uppsala Univ, Sweden.
    Hultman, Lars
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Thin Film Physics. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Birch, Jens
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Thin Film Physics. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Hsiao, Ching-Lien
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Thin Film Physics. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Orthorhombic Ta3-xN5-yOy thin films grown by unbalanced magnetron sputtering: The role of oxygen on structure, composition, and optical properties2021In: Surface & Coatings Technology, ISSN 0257-8972, E-ISSN 1879-3347, Vol. 406, article id 126665Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Direct growth of orthorhombic Ta3N5-type Ta-O-N compound thin films, specifically Ta3-xN5-yOy, on Si and sapphire substrates with various atomic fractions is realized by unbalanced magnetron sputtering. Low-degree fiber-textural Ta3-xN5-yOy films were grown through reactive sputtering of Ta in a gas mixture of N-2, Ar, and O-2 with keeping a partial pressure ratio of 3:2:0.1 in a total working pressure range of 5-30 mTorr. With increasing total pressure from 5 to 30 mTorr, the atomic fraction of O in the as-grown Ta3-xN5-yOy films was found to increase from 0.02 to 0.15 while that of N and Ta decrease from 0.66 to 0.54 and 0.33 to 0.31, respectively, leading to a decrease in b lattice constant up to around 1.3%. Metallic TaNx phases were formed without oxygen. For a working pressure of 40 mTorr, an amorphous, O-rich Ta-N-O compound film with a high O fraction of similar to 0.48, was formed, mixed with non-stoichiometric TaON and Ta2O5. By analyzing the plasma discharge, the increasing O incorporation is associated with oxide formation on top of the Ta target due to a higher reactivity of Ta with O than with N. The increase of O incorporation in the films also leads to a optical bandgap widening from similar to 2.22 to similar to 2.96 eV, which is in agreement with the compositional and structural changes from a crystalline Ta3-xN5-yOy to an amorphous O-rich Ta-O-N compound.

    Download full text (pdf)
    fulltext
  • 19.
    Chen, Mengyun
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Electronic and photonic materials. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Zhang, Tiankai
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Electronic and photonic materials. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Elsukova, Anna
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Thin Film Physics. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Hu, Zhang-Jun
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Molecular Surface Physics and Nano Science. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Zhang, Rui
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Electronic and photonic materials. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Wang, Yonghong
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Electronic and photonic materials. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Liu, Xianjie
    Linköping University, Department of Science and Technology, Laboratory of Organic Electronics. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Liu, Xiaoke
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Electronic and photonic materials. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Gao, Feng
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Electronic and photonic materials. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Kinetically Controlled Synthesis of Quasi-Square CsPbI<sub>3</sub> Nanoplatelets with Excellent Stability2023In: Small, ISSN 1613-6810, E-ISSN 1613-6829Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Nanoplatelets (NPLs) share excellent luminescent properties with their symmetric quantum dots counterparts and entail special characters benefiting from the shape, like the thickness-dependent bandgap and anisotropic luminescence. However, perovskite NPLs, especially those based on iodide, suffer from poor spectral and phase stability. Here, stable CsPbI3 NPLs obtained by accelerating the crystallization process in ambient-condition synthesis are reported. By this kinetic control, the rectangular NPLs into quasi-square NPLs are tuned, where enlarged width endows the NPLs with a lower surface-area-to-volume ratio (S/V ratio), leading to lower surficial energy and thus improved endurance against NPL fusion (cause for spectral shift or phase transformation). The accelerated crystallization, denoting the fast nucleation and short period of growth in this report, is enabled by preparing a precursor with complete transformation of PbI2 into intermediates (PbI3-), through an additional iodide supplier (e.g., zinc iodide). The excellent color stability of the materials remains in the light-emitting diodes under various bias stresses.

  • 20.
    Chen, Zhiwen
    et al.
    Shanghai Univ, Peoples R China.
    Fei, Siming
    Shanghai Univ, Peoples R China.
    Wu, Chenghao
    Shanghai Univ, Peoples R China.
    Xin, Peijun
    Shanghai Univ, Peoples R China.
    Huang, Shoushuang
    Shanghai Univ, Peoples R China.
    Selegård, Linnéa
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Molecular Surface Physics and Nano Science. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Uvdal, Kajsa
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Molecular Surface Physics and Nano Science. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Hu, Zhang-Jun
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Molecular Surface Physics and Nano Science. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering. Shanghai Univ, Peoples R China.
    Integrated Design of Hierarchical CoSnO3@NC@MnO@NC Nanobox as Anode Material for Enhanced Lithium Storage Performance2020In: ACS Applied Materials and Interfaces, ISSN 1944-8244, E-ISSN 1944-8252, Vol. 12, no 17, p. 19768-19777Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Transition-metal oxides (TMOs) are potential candidates for anode materials of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) due to their high theoretical capacity (similar to 1000 mA h/g) and enhanced safety from suppressing the formation of lithium dendrites. However, the poor electron conductivity and the large volume expansion during lithiation/delithiation processes are still the main hurdles for the practical usage of TMOs as anode materials. In this work, the CoSnO3@NC@ MnO@NC hierarchical nanobox (CNMN) is then proposed and fabricated to solve those issues. The as-prepared nanobox contains hollow cubic CoSnO3 as a core and dual N-doped carbon-"sandwiched" MnO particles as a shell. As anode materials of LIBs, the hollow and carbon interlayer structures effectively accommodate the volume expansion while dual active TMOs of CoSnO3 and Notably, the dual-layer structure of N-doped carbons plays a critical functional role MnO efficiently increase the specific capacity. in the incorporated composites, where the inner layer serves as a reaction substrate and a spatial barrier and the outer layer offers electron conductivity, enabling more effective involvement of active anode materials in lithium storage, as well as maintaining their high activity during lithium cycling. Subsequently, the as-prepared CNMN exhibits a high specific capacity of 1195 mA h/g after the 200th cycle at 0.1C and an excellent stable reversible capacity of about 876 mA h/g after the 300th cycle at 0.5C with only 0.07 mA h/g fade per cycle after 300 cycles. Even after a 250 times fast charging/discharging cycle both at SC, it still retains a reversible capacity of 422.6 mA h/g. We ascribe the enhanced lithium storage performances to the novel hierarchical architectures achieved from the rational design.

  • 21.
    Chen, Zhiwen
    et al.
    Shanghai Univ, Peoples R China.
    Liu, Xiao
    Shanghai Univ, Peoples R China.
    Xin, Peijun
    Shanghai Univ, Peoples R China.
    Wang, Haitao
    Shanghai Univ, Peoples R China.
    Wu, Ye
    Shanghai Univ, Peoples R China.
    Gao, Chunyan
    Shanghai Univ, Peoples R China.
    He, Qingquan
    Shanghai Univ, Peoples R China.
    Jiang, Yong
    Shanghai Univ, Peoples R China.
    Hu, Zhang-Jun
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Molecular Surface Physics and Nano Science. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering. Shanghai Univ, Peoples R China.
    Huang, Shoushuang
    Shanghai Univ, Peoples R China.
    Interface engineering of NiS@MoS2 core-shell microspheres as an efficient catalyst for hydrogen evolution reaction in both acidic and alkaline medium2021In: Journal of Alloys and Compounds, ISSN 0925-8388, E-ISSN 1873-4669, Vol. 853, article id 157352Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Electrochemical splitting of water is one of the most reliable and effective ways for the sustainable production of pure hydrogen on a large scale, while the core of this technology lies in the development of highly active non-noble-metal-based electrocatalysts to lower the large dynamic overpotentials of electrode materials. Here, an interface engineering strategy is demonstrated to construct an efficient and stable catalyst based on NiS@MoS2 core-shell hierarchical microspheres for the hydrogen evolution reactions (HER). The ultrathin MoS2 nanosheets in-situ grow on the surface of NiS hierarchical micro-sized spheres constructed by porous nanoplates, endowing the composites with rich interfaces, well-exposed electroactive edges, high structural porosity and fast transport channels. These advantages are favorable for the improvement of catalytic sites and the transport of catalysis-relevant species. More importantly, the intimate contact between MoS2 nanosheets and NiS nanoplates synergistically favors the chemical sorption of hydrogen intermediates, thereby reducing the reaction barrier and accelerating the HER catalytic process. As a result, the optimized NiS@MoS2 catalyst manifests impressive HER activity and durability, with a low overpotential of 208 mV in 0.5 M H2SO4 and 146 mV in 1.0 M KOH at 10 mA cm(-2), respectively. This work not only provides an effective way to construct core-shell hierarchical microspheres but also a multiscale strategy to regulate the electronic structure of heterostructured materials for energy-related applications. (C) 2020 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

  • 22.
    Chen, Zhiwen
    et al.
    Shanghai Univ, Peoples R China.
    Wang, Wenwen
    Shanghai Univ, Peoples R China.
    Huang, Shoushuang
    Shanghai Univ, Peoples R China.
    Ning, Ping
    Shanghai Univ, Peoples R China.
    Wu, Ye
    Shanghai Univ, Peoples R China.
    Gao, Chunyan
    Shanghai Univ, Peoples R China.
    Le, Thanh-Tung
    Shanghai Univ, Peoples R China.
    Zai, Jiantao
    Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ, Peoples R China.
    Jiang, Yong
    Shanghai Univ, Peoples R China.
    Hu, Zhang-Jun
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Molecular Surface Physics and Nano Science. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering. Shanghai Univ, Peoples R China.
    Qian, Xuefeng
    Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ, Peoples R China; Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ, Peoples R China.
    Well-defined CoSe2@MoSe2 hollow heterostructured nanocubes with enhanced dissociation kinetics for overall water splitting2020In: Nanoscale, ISSN 2040-3364, E-ISSN 2040-3372, Vol. 12, no 1, p. 326-335Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Hollow heterostructures have tremendous advantages in electrochemical energy storage and conversion areas due to their unique structure and composition characteristics. Here, we report the controlled synthesis of hollow CoSe2 nanocubes decorated with ultrathin MoSe2 nanosheets (CoSe2@MoSe2) as an efficient and robust bifunctional electrocatalyst for overall water splitting in a wide pH range. It is found that integrating ultrathin MoS2 nanosheets with hollow CoSe2 nanocubes can provide abundant active sites, promote electron/mass transfer and bubble release and facilitate the migration of charge carriers. Additionally, the surface electron coupling in the heterostructures enables it to serve as a source of sites for H+ and/or OH- adsorption, thus reducing the activation barrier for water molecules adsorption and dissociation. As a result, the title compound, CoSe2@MoSe2 hollow heterostructures, exhibits an overpotential of 183 mV and 309 mV at a current density of 10 mA cm(-2) toward hydrogen evolution reactions and oxygen evolution reactions in 1.0 M KOH, respectively. When applied as both cathode and anode for overall water splitting, a low battery voltage of 1.524 V is achieved along with excellent stability for at least 12 h. This work provides a new idea for the design and synthesis of high-performance catalysts for electrochemical energy storage and conversion.

  • 23.
    Cheng, Erbo
    et al.
    Shanghai Univ, Peoples R China.
    Huang, Shoushuang
    Shanghai Univ, Peoples R China.
    Chen, Dayong
    Shanghai Univ, Peoples R China; Chizhou Univ, Peoples R China.
    Huang, Ruting
    Shanghai Univ, Peoples R China.
    Wang, Qing
    Shanghai Univ, Peoples R China.
    Hu, Zhang-Jun
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Molecular Surface Physics and Nano Science. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering. Shanghai Univ, Peoples R China.
    Jiang, Yong
    Shanghai Univ, Peoples R China.
    Li, Zhen
    Shanghai Univ, Peoples R China.
    Zhao, Bing
    Shanghai Univ, Peoples R China.
    Chen, Zhiwen
    Shanghai Univ, Peoples R China.
    Porous ZnO/Co3O4/N-doped carbon nanocages synthesized via pyrolysis of complex metal-organic framework (MOF) hybrids as an advanced lithium-ion battery anode2019In: ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION C-STRUCTURAL CHEMISTRY, ISSN 2053-2296, Vol. 75, p. 969-978Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Metal oxides have a large storage capacity when employed as anode materials for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). However, they often suffer from poor capacity retention due to their low electrical conductivity and huge volume variation during the charge-discharge process. To overcome these limitations, fabrication of metal oxides/carbon hybrids with hollow structures can be expected to further improve their electrochemical properties. Herein, ZnO-Co3O4 nanocomposites embedded in N-doped carbon (ZnO-Co3O4@N-C) nanocages with hollow dodecahedral shapes have been prepared successfully by the simple carbonizing and oxidizing of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs). Benefiting from the advantages of the structural features, i.e. the conductive N-doped carbon coating, the porous structure of the nanocages and the synergistic effects of different components, the as-prepared ZnO-Co3O4@N-C not only avoids particle aggregation and nanostructure cracking but also facilitates the transport of ions and electrons. As a result, the resultant ZnO-Co3O4@N-C shows a discharge capacity of 2373 mAh g(-1) at the first cycle and exhibits a retention capacity of 1305 mAh g(-1) even after 300 cycles at 0.1 A g(-1). In addition, a reversible capacity of 948 mAh g(-1) is obtained at a current density of 2 A g(-1), which delivers an excellent high-rate cycle ability.

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    fulltext
  • 24.
    Cui, Yang
    et al.
    University of Science and Technology China, Peoples R China.
    Liu, Sheng
    Huaibei Normal University, Peoples R China.
    Wei, Kaiju
    University of Science and Technology China, Peoples R China.
    Liu, Yangzhong
    University of Science and Technology China, Peoples R China.
    Hu, Zhang-Jun
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Molecular Surface Physics and Nano Science. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Magnetic solid-phase extraction of trace-level mercury(II) ions using magnetic core-shell nanoparticles modified with thiourea-derived chelating agents2015In: Microchimica Acta, ISSN 0026-3672, E-ISSN 1436-5073, Vol. 182, no 7-8, p. 1337-1344Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    We describe a method for magnetic solid phase extraction of trace-levels of Hg(II) ions by using Fe3O4 nanoparticles (NPs) covered with a shell of silica and modified with the chelator N-(2-acetylaminoethyl)-N-(3-triethoxysilylpropyl)thiourea. The new magnetic NPs enable rapid magnetic separation, thus leading to higher efficiency and accuracy. The extracted Hg(II) ions on the NPs were directly quantified using a mercury analyzer. Possible interferents are widely eliminated in this highly selective extraction process, and the NPs are not exerting an interfering effect either. The method has an enrichment factor of 100, and extraction recoveries are between 95 and 107 % when using 10 mg of the extracting NPs. The method works over a wide range of pH values and can be applied to even complex natural samples. The effects of pH value, extraction time, sample volume and adsorbent amount on the extraction efficiency were optimized. Under the optimal conditions, the detection limit is as low as 17 ng L-1. The method was applied to the preconcentration and detection of Hg(II) in three natural water samples using the standard addition method.

  • 25.
    Demirci, Mehmet
    et al.
    Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Medicine, Beykent University, Istanbul, Turkey.
    Guzel, Aylin Dag
    Department of Medical Services and Techniques, Vocational School, Istanbul Arel University, Istanbul, Turkey.
    Ersahin, Aynur Adeviye
    Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical Park Goztepe Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey.
    Yorulmaz, Eda
    Department of Biochemistry, Medical Park Bahcelievler Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey.
    Ersahin, Suat Suphan
    Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Altinbas University, Istanbul, Turkey.
    Borsa, Baris Ata
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Molecular Surface Physics and Nano Science. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering. Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Medicine, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, Turkey.
    Human papillomavirus prevalence and genotype distribution among Turkish women with or without cervical lesion2018In: Indian Journal of Medical Microbiology, ISSN 0255-0857, E-ISSN 1998-3646, Vol. 36, no 4, p. 517-521Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is the main cause of cervical cancer, but the risk is associated with the various HPV genotypes which may be found in women with or without clinical findings.

  • 26.
    Ding, Aixiang
    et al.
    Anhui University, Peoples R China.
    Yang, Longmei
    Anhui University, Peoples R China.
    Zhang, Yuyang
    Anhui University, Peoples R China.
    Zhang, Gaobin
    Anhui University, Peoples R China.
    Kong, Lin
    Anhui University, Peoples R China.
    Zhang, Xuanjun
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Molecular Surface Physics and Nano Science. Linköping University, The Institute of Technology.
    Tian, Yupeng
    Anhui University, Peoples R China; Shandong University, Peoples R China.
    Tao, Xutang
    Shandong University, Peoples R China.
    Yang, Jiaxiang
    Anhui University, Peoples R China; Shandong University, Peoples R China .
    Complex-Formation-Enhanced Fluorescence Quenching Effect for Efficient Detection of Picric Acid2014In: Chemistry - A European Journal, ISSN 0947-6539, E-ISSN 1521-3765, Vol. 20, no 38, p. 12215-12222Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Amine-functionalized alpha-cyanostilbene derivatives (Z)-2-(4-aminophenyl)-3-(4-butoxyphenyl) acrylonitrile (ABA) and (Z)-3-(4-butoxyphenyl)-2-[4-(butylamino) phenyl] acrylonitrile (BBA) were designed for specific recognition of picric acid (PA), an environmental and biological pollutant. The 1:1 host-guest complexes formed between the chemosensors and PA enhanced fluorescence quenching, thus leading to sensitive and selective detection in aqueous media and the solid phase.

  • 27.
    Ding, Yang
    et al.
    Nanjing Tech Univ NanjingTech, Peoples R China; Nanjing Tech Univ NanjingTech, Peoples R China; Northwestern Polytech Univ, Peoples R China; Northwestern Polytech Univ, Peoples R China.
    Chen, Jingjie
    Northwestern Polytech Univ, Peoples R China; Northwestern Polytech Univ, Peoples R China.
    Wu, Qiong
    Nanjing Tech Univ NanjingTech, Peoples R China; Nanjing Tech Univ NanjingTech, Peoples R China.
    Fang, Bin
    Northwestern Polytech Univ, Peoples R China; Northwestern Polytech Univ, Peoples R China.
    Ji, Wenhui
    Nanjing Tech Univ NanjingTech, Peoples R China; Nanjing Tech Univ NanjingTech, Peoples R China.
    Li, Xin
    Northwestern Polytech Univ, Peoples R China; Northwestern Polytech Univ, Peoples R China.
    Yu, Changmin
    Nanjing Tech Univ NanjingTech, Peoples R China; Nanjing Tech Univ NanjingTech, Peoples R China.
    Wang, Xuchun
    Univ Sci & Technol Anhui, Peoples R China.
    Cheng, Xiamin
    Nanjing Tech Univ NanjingTech, Peoples R China.
    Yu, Hai-Dong
    Northwestern Polytech Univ, Peoples R China; Northwestern Polytech Univ, Peoples R China.
    Hu, Zhang-Jun
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Molecular Surface Physics and Nano Science. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Uvdal, Kajsa
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Molecular Surface Physics and Nano Science. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Li, Peng
    Nanjing Tech Univ NanjingTech, Peoples R China; Nanjing Tech Univ NanjingTech, Peoples R China; Northwestern Polytech Univ, Peoples R China; Northwestern Polytech Univ, Peoples R China; Northwestern Polytech Univ, Peoples R China; Northwestern Polytech Univ, Peoples R China.
    Li, Lin
    Nanjing Tech Univ NanjingTech, Peoples R China; Nanjing Tech Univ NanjingTech, Peoples R China; Northwestern Polytech Univ, Peoples R China; Northwestern Polytech Univ, Peoples R China; Xiamen Univ, Peoples R China; Northwestern Polytech Univ, Peoples R China; Northwestern Polytech Univ, Peoples R China.
    Huang, Wei
    Nanjing Tech Univ NanjingTech, Peoples R China; Nanjing Tech Univ NanjingTech, Peoples R China; Northwestern Polytech Univ, Peoples R China; Northwestern Polytech Univ, Peoples R China; Xiamen Univ, Peoples R China; Northwestern Polytech Univ, Peoples R China; Northwestern Polytech Univ, Peoples R China.
    Artificial intelligence-assisted point-of-care testing system for ultrafast and quantitative detection of drug-resistant bacteria2023In: SMARTMAT, ISSN 2766-8525Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    As one of the major causes of antimicrobial resistance, beta-lactamase develops rapidly among bacteria. Detection of beta-lactamase in an efficient and low-cost point-of-care testing (POCT) way is urgently needed. However, due to the volatile environmental factors, the quantitative measurement of current POCT is often inaccurate. Herein, we demonstrate an artificial intelligence (AI)-assisted mobile health system that consists of a paper-based beta-lactamase fluorogenic probe analytical device and a smartphone-based AI cloud. An ultrafast broad-spectrum fluorogenic probe (B1) that could respond to beta-lactamase within 20 s was first synthesized, and the detection limit was determined to be 0.13 nmol/L. Meanwhile, a three-dimensional microfluidic paper-based analytical device was fabricated for integration of B1. Also, a smartphone-based AI cloud was developed to correct errors automatically and output results intelligently. This smart system could calibrate the temperature and pH in the beta-lactamase level detection in complex samples and mice infected with various bacteria, which shows the problem-solving ability in interdisciplinary research, and demonstrates potential clinical benefits.

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  • 28.
    Dullin, Christian
    et al.
    University of Medical Centre Gottingen, Germany.
    dal Monego, Simeone
    Cluster Biomed, Italy.
    Larsson, Emanuel
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Molecular Surface Physics and Nano Science. Linköping University, The Institute of Technology. Elettra Sincrotrone Trieste, Italy; University of Trieste, Italy.
    Mohammadi, Sara
    Elettra Sincrotrone Trieste, Italy.
    Krenkel, Martin
    University of Gottingen, Germany.
    Garrovo, Chiara
    IRCCS Burlo Garofolo, Italy.
    Biffi, Stefania
    IRCCS Burlo Garofolo, Italy.
    Lorenzon, Andrea
    Cluster Biomed, Italy.
    Markus, Andrea
    University of Medical Centre Gottingen, Germany.
    Napp, Joanna
    University of Medical Centre Gottingen, Germany; University of Medical Centre Gottingen, Germany; Max Planck Institute Expt Med, Germany.
    Salditt, Tim
    University of Gottingen, Germany.
    Accardo, Agostino
    University of Trieste, Italy.
    Alves, Frauke
    University of Medical Centre Gottingen, Germany; University of Medical Centre Gottingen, Germany; Max Planck Institute Expt Med, Germany.
    Tromba, Giuliana
    Elettra Sincrotrone Trieste, Italy.
    Functionalized synchrotron in-line phase-contrast computed tomography: a novel approach for simultaneous quantification of structural alterations and localization of barium-labelled alveolar macrophages within mouse lung samples2015In: Journal of Synchrotron Radiation, ISSN 0909-0495, E-ISSN 1600-5775, Vol. 22, p. 143-155Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Functionalized computed tomography (CT) in combination with labelled cells is virtually non-existent due to the limited sensitivity of X-ray-absorption-based imaging, but would be highly desirable to realise cell tracking studies in entire organisms. In this study we applied in-line free propagation X-ray phase-contrast CT (XPCT) in an allergic asthma mouse model to assess structural changes as well as the biodistribution of barium-labelled macrophages in lung tissue. Alveolar macrophages that were barium-sulfate-loaded and fluorescent-labelled were instilled intratracheally into asthmatic and control mice. Mice were sacrificed after 24 h, lungs were kept in situ, inflated with air and scanned utilizing XPCT at the SYRMEP beamline (Elettra Synchrotron Light Source, Italy). Single-distance phase retrieval was used to generate data sets with ten times greater contrast-to-noise ratio than absorption-based CT (in our setup), thus allowing to depict and quantify structural hallmarks of asthmatic lungs such as reduced air volume, obstruction of airways and increased soft-tissue content. Furthermore, we found a higher concentration as well as a specific accumulation of the barium-labelled macrophages in asthmatic lung tissue. It is believe that XPCT will be beneficial in preclinical asthma research for both the assessment of therapeutic response as well as the analysis of the role of the recruitment of macrophages to inflammatory sites.

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  • 29.
    Dullin, Christian
    et al.
    University of Medical Centre Goettingen, Germany.
    Larsson, Emanuel
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Molecular Surface Physics and Nano Science. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering. Elettra Sincrotrone Trieste, Italy; University of Trieste, Italy.
    Tromba, Giuliana
    Elettra Sincrotrone Trieste, Italy.
    Markus, Andrea M.
    University of Medical Centre Goettingen, Germany.
    Alves, Frauke
    University of Medical Centre Goettingen, Germany; University of Medical Centre Goettingen, Germany; Max Planck Institute Expt Med, Germany.
    Phase-contrast computed tomography for quantification of structural changes in lungs of asthma mouse models of different severity2015In: Journal of Synchrotron Radiation, ISSN 0909-0495, E-ISSN 1600-5775, Vol. 22, p. 1106-1111Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Lung imaging in mouse disease models is crucial for the assessment of the severity of airway disease but remains challenging due to the small size and the high porosity of the organ. Synchrotron inline free-propagation phase-contrast computed tomography (CT) with its intrinsic high soft-tissue contrast provides the necessary sensitivity and spatial resolution to analyse the mouse lung structure in great detail. Here, this technique has been applied in combination with single-distance phase retrieval to quantify alterations of the lung structure in experimental asthma mouse models of different severity. In order to mimic an in vivo situation as close as possible, the lungs were inflated with air at a constant physiological pressure. Entire mice were embedded in agarose gel and imaged using inline free-propagation phase-contrast CT at the SYRMEP beamline (Synchrotron Light Source, Elettra, Trieste, Italy). The quantification of the obtained phase-contrast CT data sets revealed an increasing lung soft-tissue content in mice correlating with the degree of the severity of experimental allergic airways disease. In this way, it was possible to successfully discriminate between healthy controls and mice with either mild or severe allergic airway disease. It is believed that this approach may have the potential to evaluate the efficacy of novel therapeutic strategies that target airway remodelling processes in asthma.

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  • 30.
    Dursun, Ali D.
    et al.
    Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Atilim University, Ankara, Turkey; Vocational School of Health Services, Atilim University, Ankara, Turkey.
    Borsa, Baris Ata
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Molecular Surface Physics and Nano Science. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Bayramoglu, Gulay
    Biochemical Processing and Biomaterial Research Laboratory, Gazi University, Teknikokullar, Ankara, Turkey; Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Gazi University, Teknikokullar, Ankara, Turkey.
    Arica, M. Yakup
    Biochemical Processing and Biomaterial Research Laboratory, Gazi University, 06500, Teknikokullar, Ankara, Turkey e Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Gazi University, Teknikokullar, Ankara, Turkey.
    Ozalp, Veli C.
    Department of Biology, Medical School, Atilim University, Ankara, Turkey.
    Surface plasmon resonance aptasensor for Brucella detection in milk2022In: Talanta: The International Journal of Pure and Applied Analytical Chemistry, ISSN 0039-9140, E-ISSN 1873-3573, Vol. 239, article id 123074Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    A Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) aptasensor was developed for the detection of Brucella melitensis (B. melitensis) in milk samples. Brucellosis is a bacterial zoonotic disease with global distribution caused mostly by contaminated milk or their products. Aptamers recognizing B. melitensis were selected following a whole bacteria-SELEX procedure. Two aptamers were chosen for high affinity and high specificity. The high affinity aptamer (B70 aptamer) was immobilized on the surface of magnetic silica core-shell nanoparticles for initial purification of the target bacteria cells from milk matrix. Another aptamer, highly specific for B. melitensis cells (B46 aptamer), was used to prepare SPR sensor chips for sensitive determination of Brucella in eluted samples from magnetic purification since direct injection of milk samples to SPR sensor chips is known for a high background unspecific signal. Thus, we integrated a quick and efficient magnetic isolation step for subsequent instant detection of B. melitensis contamination in one ml of milk sample by SPR with a LOD value as low as 27 ± 11 cells.

  • 31.
    Eriksson, Jens
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Applied Sensor Science. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Puglisi, Donatella
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Applied Sensor Science. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Strandqvist, Carl
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Applied Sensor Science. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering. Graphensic AB Linköping, Sweden.
    Gunnarsson, Rickard
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Plasma and Coating Physics. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Ekeroth, Sebastian
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Plasma and Coating Physics. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Ivanov, Ivan Gueorguiev
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Semiconductor Materials. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Helmersson, Ulf
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Plasma and Coating Physics. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Uvdal, Kajsa
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Molecular Surface Physics and Nano Science. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Yakimova, Rositsa
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Semiconductor Materials. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering. Graphensic AB Linköping, Sweden.
    Lloyd Spetz, Anita
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Applied Sensor Science. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Modified Epitaxial Graphene on SiC for Extremely Sensitive andSelective Gas Sensors2016In: Materials Science Forum, ISSN 0255-5476, E-ISSN 1662-9752, Vol. 858, p. 1145-1148Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Two-dimensional materials offer a unique platform for sensing where extremely high sensitivity is a priority, since even minimal chemical interaction causes noticeable changes inelectrical conductivity, which can be used for the sensor readout. However, the sensitivity has to becomplemented with selectivity, and, for many applications, improved response- and recovery times are needed. This has been addressed, for example, by combining graphene (for sensitivity) with metal/oxides (for selectivity) nanoparticles (NP). On the other hand, functionalization or modification of the graphene often results in poor reproducibility. In this study, we investigate thegas sensing performance of epitaxial graphene on SiC (EG/SiC) decorated with nanostructured metallic layers as well as metal-oxide nanoparticles deposited using scalable thin-film depositiontechniques, like hollow-cathode pulsed plasma sputtering. Under the right modification conditions the electronic properties of the surface remain those of graphene, while the surface chemistry can betuned to improve sensitivity, selectivity and speed of response to several gases relevant for airquality monitoring and control, such as nitrogen dioxide, benzene, and formaldehyde.

  • 32. Order onlineBuy this publication >>
    Eriksson, Peter
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Molecular Surface Physics and Nano Science. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Cerium Oxide Nanoparticles and Gadolinium Integration: Synthesis, Characterization and Biomedical Applications2019Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    A challenging task, in the area of magnetic resonance imaging is to develop contrast enhancers with built-in antioxidant properties. Oxidative stress is considered to be involved in the onset and progression of several serious conditions such as Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s disease, and the possibility to use cerium-contained nanoparticles to modulate such inflammatory response has gained a lot of interest lately. The rare earth element gadolinium is, due to its seven unpaired f-electrons and high symmetry of the electronic state, a powerful element for contrast enhancement in magnetic resonance imaging. Chelates based on gadolinium are the most commonly used contrast agents worldwide. When introducing external contrast agents there is always a risk that it may trigger inflammatory responses, why there is an urgent need for new, tailor-made contrast agents.

    Small sized cerium oxide nanoparticles have electronic structures that allows coexistence of oxidation states 3+ and 4+ of cerium, which correlates to applicable redox reactions in biomedicine. Such cerium oxide nanoparticles have recently shown to exhibit antioxidant properties both in vitro and in vivo, via the mechanisms involving enzyme mimicking activity.

    This PhD project is a comprehensive investigation of cerium oxide nanoparticles as scaffold materials for gadolinium integration. Gadolinium is well adopted into the crystal structure of cerium oxide, enabling the combination of diagnostic and therapeutic properties into a single nanoparticle. The main focus of this thesis project is to design cerium oxide nanoparticles with gadolinium integration. A stepwise approach was employed as follows: 1) synthesis with controlled integration of gadolinium, 2) material characterization by means of composition crystal structure, size, and size distribution and 3) surface modification for stabilization. The obtained nanoparticles exhibit remarkable antioxidant capability in vitro and in vivo. They deliver strongly enhanced contrast per gadolinium in magnetic resonance imaging, compared to commercially available contrast agents.

    A soft shell of dextran is introduced to encapsulate the cerium oxide nanoparticles with integrated gadolinium, which protects and stabilizes the hard core and to increases their biocompatibility. The dextran-coating is clearly shown to reduce formation of a protein corona and it improves the dispersibility of the nanoparticles in cell media. Functionalization strategies are currently being studied to endow these nanoparticles with specific tags for targeting purposes. This will enable guidance of the nanoparticles to a specific tissue, for high local magnetic resonance contrast complemented with properties for on-site reduced inflammation.

    In conclusion, our cerium oxide nanoparticles with integrated gadolinium, exhibit combined therapeutic and diagnostic, i.e. theragnostic capabilities. This type of nanomaterial is highly promising for applications in the field of biomedical imaging.

    List of papers
    1. Cerium oxide nanoparticles with antioxidant capabilities and gadolinium integration for MRI contrast enhancement
    Open this publication in new window or tab >>Cerium oxide nanoparticles with antioxidant capabilities and gadolinium integration for MRI contrast enhancement
    Show others...
    2018 (English)In: Scientific Reports, E-ISSN 2045-2322, Vol. 8, article id 6999Article in journal (Refereed) Published
    Abstract [en]

    The chelating gadolinium-complex is routinely used as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) -contrast enhancer. However, several safety issues have recently been reported by FDA and PRAC. There is an urgent need for the next generation of safer MRI-contrast enhancers, with improved local contrast and targeting capabilities. Cerium oxide nanoparticles (CeNPs) are designed with fractions of up to 50% gadolinium to utilize the superior MRI-contrast properties of gadolinium. CeNPs are well-tolerated in vivo and have redox properties making them suitable for biomedical applications, for example scavenging purposes on the tissue-and cellular level and during tumor treatment to reduce in vivo inflammatory processes. Our near edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS) studies show that implementation of gadolinium changes the initial co-existence of oxidation states Ce3+ and Ce4+ of cerium, thereby affecting the scavenging properties of the nanoparticles. Based on ab initio electronic structure calculations, we describe the most prominent spectral features for the respective oxidation states. The as-prepared gadolinium-implemented CeNPs are 3-5 nm in size, have r(1)-relaxivities between 7-13 mM(-1) s(-1) and show clear antioxidative properties, all of which means they are promising theranostic agents for use in future biomedical applications.

    Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
    Nature Publishing Group, 2018
    National Category
    Other Physics Topics
    Identifiers
    urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-147910 (URN)10.1038/s41598-018-25390-z (DOI)000431293100003 ()29725117 (PubMedID)2-s2.0-85046679522 (Scopus ID)
    Note

    Funding Agencies|Swedish Research Council [621-2013-5357]; Swedish Government Strategic Research Area in Materials Science on Functional Materials at Linkoping University (Faculty Grant SFO-Mat-LiU) [2009-00971]; Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation [2012.0083 CTS 15:507]; Centre in Nano Science and Nano technology at LiTH (CeNano) at Linkoping University; CoTXS; Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation [14.Y26.31.0005, K2-2017-080, 211]

    Available from: 2018-05-23 Created: 2018-05-23 Last updated: 2024-01-08Bibliographically approved
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  • 33.
    Eriksson, Peter
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Molecular Surface Physics and Nano Science. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Tal, Alexey
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Theoretical Physics. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Skallberg, Andreas
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Molecular Surface Physics and Nano Science. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Brommesson, Caroline
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Molecular Surface Physics and Nano Science. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Hu, Zhang-Jun
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Molecular Surface Physics and Nano Science. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Boyd, Robert
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Plasma and Coating Physics. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Olovsson, Weine
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Theoretical Physics. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Fairley, Neal
    Casa Software Ltd, Bay House, Teignmouth, United Kingdom.
    Abrikosov, Igor
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Theoretical Physics. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering. Materials Modeling and Development Laboratory, National University of Science and Technology “MISIS”, Moscow, Russia.
    Zhang, Xuanjun
    Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, SAR, China.
    Uvdal, Kajsa
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Molecular Surface Physics and Nano Science. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Cerium oxide nanoparticles with antioxidant capabilities and gadolinium integration for MRI contrast enhancement2018In: Scientific Reports, E-ISSN 2045-2322, Vol. 8, article id 6999Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The chelating gadolinium-complex is routinely used as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) -contrast enhancer. However, several safety issues have recently been reported by FDA and PRAC. There is an urgent need for the next generation of safer MRI-contrast enhancers, with improved local contrast and targeting capabilities. Cerium oxide nanoparticles (CeNPs) are designed with fractions of up to 50% gadolinium to utilize the superior MRI-contrast properties of gadolinium. CeNPs are well-tolerated in vivo and have redox properties making them suitable for biomedical applications, for example scavenging purposes on the tissue-and cellular level and during tumor treatment to reduce in vivo inflammatory processes. Our near edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS) studies show that implementation of gadolinium changes the initial co-existence of oxidation states Ce3+ and Ce4+ of cerium, thereby affecting the scavenging properties of the nanoparticles. Based on ab initio electronic structure calculations, we describe the most prominent spectral features for the respective oxidation states. The as-prepared gadolinium-implemented CeNPs are 3-5 nm in size, have r(1)-relaxivities between 7-13 mM(-1) s(-1) and show clear antioxidative properties, all of which means they are promising theranostic agents for use in future biomedical applications.

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  • 34.
    Eriksson, Peter
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Molecular Surface Physics and Nano Science. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Truong, Anh H. T.
    Nanyang Technol Univ, Singapore.
    Brommesson, Caroline
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Molecular Surface Physics and Nano Science. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Du Rietz, Anna
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Molecular Surface Physics and Nano Science. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Kokil, Ganesh R.
    Univ Queensland, Australia.
    Boyd, Robert
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Plasma and Coating Physics. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Hu, Zhang-Jun
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Molecular Surface Physics and Nano Science. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Dang, Tram T.
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Thin Film Physics. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Persson, Per O A
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Thin Film Physics. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Uvdal, Kajsa
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Molecular Surface Physics and Nano Science. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Cerium Oxide Nanoparticles with Entrapped Gadolinium for High T-1 Relaxivity and ROS-Scavenging Purposes2022In: ACS Omega, E-ISSN 2470-1343, Vol. 7, no 24, p. 21337-21345Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Gadolinium chelates are employed worldwide today as clinical contrast agents for magnetic resonance imaging. Until now, the commonly used linear contrast agents based on the rare-earth element gadolinium have been considered safe and well-tolerated. Recently, concerns regarding this type of contrast agent have been reported, which is why there is an urgent need to develop the next generation of stable contrast agents with enhanced spin-lattice relaxation, as measured by improved T-1 relaxivity at lower doses. Here, we show that by the integration of gadolinium ions in cerium oxide nanoparticles, a stable crystalline 5 nm sized nanoparticulate system with a homogeneous gadolinium ion distribution is obtained. These cerium oxide nanoparticles with entrapped gadolinium deliver strong T-1 relaxivity per gadolinium ion (T-1 relaxivity, r(1) = 12.0 mM(-1) s(-1)) with the potential to act as scavengers of reactive oxygen species (ROS). The presence of Ce3+ sites and oxygen vacancies at the surface plays a critical role in providing the antioxidant properties. The characterization of radial distribution of Ce3+ and Ce4+ oxidation states indicated a higher concentration of Ce3+ at the nanoparticle surfaces. Additionally, we investigated the ROS-scavenging capabilities of pure gadolinium-containing cerium oxide nanoparticles by bioluminescent imaging in vivo, where inhibitory effects on ROS activity are shown.

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  • 35.
    Fortin, Marc-André
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Molecular Surface Physics and Nano Science. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Petoral Jr, Rodrigo M.
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Molecular Surface Physics and Nano Science. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Söderlind, Fredrik
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Physical Chemistry. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Klasson, Anna
    Linköping University, Center for Medical Image Science and Visualization (CMIV). Linköping University, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Radiology. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Engström, Maria
    Linköping University, Center for Medical Image Science and Visualization (CMIV). Linköping University, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Radiology. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Veres, Teodor
    National Research Council of Canada (CNRC-IMI) 75, Boucherville, QC, Canada.
    Käll, Per-Olov
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Physical Chemistry. Linköping University, The Institute of Technology.
    Uvdal, Kajsa
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Molecular Surface Physics and Nano Science. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Polyethylene glycol-cover ultra-small Gd2O3 nanoparticles for positive contras at 1.5 T magnetic resonance clinical scanning2007In: Nanotechnology, ISSN 0957-4484, Vol. 18, no 39, p. 395501-Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The size distribution and magnetic properties of ultra-small gadolinium oxide crystals (US-Gd2O3) were studied, and the impact of polyethylene glycol capping on the relaxivity constants (r1, r2) and signal intensity with this contrast agent was investigated. Size distribution and magnetic properties of US-Gd2O3 nanocrystals were measured with a TEM and PPMS magnetometer. For relaxation studies, diethylene glycol (DEG)-capped US-Gd2O3 nanocrystals were reacted with PEG-silane (MW 5000). Suspensions were adequately dialyzed in water to eliminate traces of Gd3+ and surfactants. The particle hydrodynamic radius was measured with dynamic light scattering (DLS) and the proton relaxation times were measured with a 1.5 T MRI scanner. Parallel studies were performed with DEG–Gd2O3 and PEG-silane–SPGO (Gd2O3,< 40 nm diameter). The small and narrow size distribution of US-Gd2O3 was confirmed with TEM (~3 nm) and DLS. PEG-silane–US-Gd2O3 relaxation parameters were twice as high as for Gd–DTPA and the r2/r1 ratio was 1.4. PEG-silane–SPGO gave low r1 relaxivities and high r2/r1 ratios, less compatible with positive contrast agent requirements. Higher r1 were obtained with PEG-silane in comparison to DEG–Gd2O3. Treatment of DEG–US-Gd2O3 with PEG-silane provides enhanced relaxivity while preventing aggregation of the oxide cores. This study confirms that PEG-covered Gd2O3 nanoparticles can be used for positively contrasted MR applications requiring stability, biocompatible coatings and nanocrystal functionalization.

  • 36.
    Fu, Jie
    et al.
    Shanghai Univ, Peoples R China.
    Wu, Ye
    Shanghai Univ, Peoples R China.
    Xin, Peijun
    Shanghai Univ, Peoples R China.
    Jin, Zhiqiang
    Shanghai Univ, Peoples R China.
    Zhang, Qian
    Shanghai Univ, Peoples R China.
    Zhang, Jie
    Shanghai Univ, Peoples R China.
    Hu, Zhang-Jun
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Molecular Surface Physics and Nano Science. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering. Shanghai Univ, Peoples R China.
    Chen, Zhiwen
    Shanghai Univ, Peoples R China.
    Huang, Shoushuang
    Shanghai Univ, Peoples R China.
    Nanoporous CoP nanowire arrays decorated with carbon-coated CoP nanoparticles: the role of interfacial engineering for efficient overall water splitting2022In: International Journal of Energy Research, ISSN 0363-907X, E-ISSN 1099-114X, Vol. 46, no 8, p. 11359-11370Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The innovative construction of bifunctional non-noble electrocatalyst for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is imperative for electrochemical water splitting. Herein, we provide a collaborative self-templating method to prepare a hybrid catalyst of nanoporous CoP nanowire (NWs) arrays decorated with carbon-coated CoP nanoparticles (NPs). Its found that the unique structure and morphology of the resultant catalyst can provide abundant available active sites and faciliatate the rapid H-2/O-2 transmission. Additionally, the N-doped carbon improves the conductivity of the catalyst and prevents the aggregation and deactivation of CoP nanoparticles. Forthermore, the strong coupling and synergistic effects by interface engineering are also conducive to the electrochemical performance. Benefiting from these advantages, the CoP NWs/CoP NPs@NC/CC only needs a low overpotential of 103 mV to achieve 10 mA cm(-2) with a small Tafel slope of 87 mV dec(-1) for HER. When employed in an electrolytic cell as an electrocatalyst for overall water splitting, a low voltage of 1.60 V is required to drive 10 mA cm(-2). This study may provide a novel way to fabricate transitionmetal-based catalysts for water splitting.

  • 37.
    Fursatz, Marian
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Molecular Physics. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Skog, Mårten
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Molecular Physics. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering. S2Med AB, Linnegatan 9, SE-58225 Linkoping, Sweden.
    Sivlér, Petter
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering. S2Med AB, Linnegatan 9, SE-58225 Linkoping, Sweden.
    Palm, Eleonor
    Orebro Univ, Sweden.
    Aronsson, Christopher
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Molecular Physics. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Skallberg, Andreas
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Molecular Surface Physics and Nano Science. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Greczynski, Grzegorz
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Thin Film Physics. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Khalaf, Hazem
    Orebro Univ, Sweden.
    Bengtsson, Torbjorn
    Orebro Univ, Sweden.
    Aili, Daniel
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Molecular Physics. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Functionalization of bacterial cellulose wound dressings with the antimicrobial peptide epsilon-poly-L-Lysine2018In: Biomedical Materials, ISSN 1748-6041, E-ISSN 1748-605X, Vol. 13, no 2, article id 025014Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Wound dressings based on bacterial cellulose (BC) can form a soft and conformable protective layer that can stimulate wound healing while preventing bacteria from entering the wound. Bacteria already present in the wound can, however, thrive in the moist environment created by the BC dressing which can aggravate the healing process. Possibilities to render the BC antimicrobial without affecting the beneficial structural and mechanical properties of the material would hence be highly attractive. Here we present methods for functionalization of BC with epsilon-poly-L-Lysine (epsilon-PLL), a non-toxic biopolymer with broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity. Low molecular weight epsilon-PLL was crosslinked in pristine BC membranes and to carboxymethyl cellulose functionalized BC using carbodiimide chemistry. The functionalization of BC with epsilon-PLL inhibited growth of S. epidermidis on the membranes but did not affect the cytocompatibility to cultured human fibroblasts as compared to native BC. The functionalization had no significant effects on the nanofibrous structure and mechanical properties of the BC. The possibility to functionalize BC with epsilon-PLL is a promising, green and versatile approach to improve the performance of BC in wound care and other biomedical applications.

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  • 38.
    Garcia Gonzalez, Javier
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Biology. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Hernandez, Frank J
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Biology. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering. Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Molecular Surface Physics and Nano Science. Linköping University, Center for Medical Image Science and Visualization (CMIV).
    Nuclease activity: an exploitable biomarker in bacterial infections2022In: Expert Review of Molecular Diagnostics, ISSN 1473-7159, E-ISSN 1744-8352, Vol. 22, no 3, p. 265-294Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Introduction In the increasingly challenging field of clinical microbiology, diagnosis is a cornerstone whose accuracy and timing are crucial for the successful management, therapy, and outcome of infectious diseases. Currently employed biomarkers of infectious diseases define the scope and limitations of diagnostic techniques. As such, expanding the biomarker catalog is crucial to address unmet needs and bring about novel diagnostic functionalities and applications. Areas covered This review describes the extracellular nucleases of 15 relevant bacterial pathogens and discusses the potential use of nuclease activity as a diagnostic biomarker. Articles were searched for in PubMed using the terms: nuclease, bacteria, nuclease activity or biomarker. For overview sections, original and review articles between 2000 and 2019 were searched for using the terms: infections, diagnosis, bacterial, burden, challenges. Informative articles were selected. Expert opinion Using the catalytic activity of nucleases offers new possibilities compared to established biomarkers. Nucleic acid activatable reporters in combination with different transduction platforms and delivery methods can be used to detect disease-associated nuclease activity patterns in vitro and in vivo for prognostic and diagnostic applications. Even when these patterns are not obvious or of unknown etiology, screening platforms could be used to identify new disease reporters.

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  • 39.
    Gavelius, Marianne
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Molecular Surface Physics and Nano Science. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Andersson, Karin
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Molecular Surface Physics and Nano Science.
    Surface Treatment for Additive Manufactured Aluminum Alloys2020Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (Two Years)), 20 credits / 30 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Manufacturing of aircraft parts is often complex and time-consuming, which has led to an increased interest in new manufacturing technologies in the Swedish industry such as additive manufacturing (AM). Additive manufacturing techniques could be a solution to meet the aircrafts’ demand since it contributes to an efficient manufacturing and allows a just-in-time production of complex metal parts in their final shape. However, the use of AM aluminum for aircraft applications is in a development phase and no surface treatment process exists. Thereby, it is of high interest to further investigate surface treatments for AM alloys. Currently at Saab AB, conventional aluminum alloys are generally anodized in tartaric sulphuric acid (TSA) to improve the corrosion resistance and adhesion properties of the metal. On the behalf of Saab AB, there is also an interest in establishing powder coating as a surface treatment.

    This master thesis’ purpose is to investigate the anodizing and adhesion properties for the two additive manufacturing alloys - AlSi10Mg and ScalmalloyⓇ, and compare it with the conventionally produced Al alloy 2024-T3. The anodization and the powder coating is examined by using following characterization techniques: profilometry, light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and contact angle measurements. The results from the experimental part indicated successful anodizations for all the alloys and good adhesion properties for powder coating. This research is a first step in contributing to a better understanding of the anodic coating and adhesion properties for the AM samples ScalmalloyⓇ and AlSi10Mg

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  • 40.
    Gustafsson, Håkan
    et al.
    Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Linköping University, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Radiation Physics. Linköping University, Center for Medical Image Science and Visualization (CMIV).
    Ahrén, Maria
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Molecular Surface Physics and Nano Science. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Söderlind, Fredrik
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Chemistry. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Córdoba Gallego, José M.
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Nanostructured Materials. Linköping University, The Institute of Technology.
    Käll, Per-Olov
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Physical Chemistry. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Nordblad, Per
    Uppsala Universitet.
    Westlund, Per-Olof
    Umeå Universitet.
    Uvdal, Kajsa
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Molecular Surface Physics and Nano Science. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Engström, Maria
    Linköping University, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Radiology. Linköping University, Center for Medical Image Science and Visualization (CMIV). Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Magnetic and Electron Spin Relaxation Properties of (GdxY1-x)2O3 (0 ≤ x ≤ 1) Nanoparticles Synthesized by the Combustion Method. Increased Electron Spin Relaxation Times with Increasing Yttrium Content2011In: The Journal of Physical Chemistry C, ISSN 1932-7447, E-ISSN 1932-7455, Vol. 115, no 13, p. 5469-5477Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The performance of a magnetic resonance imaging contrast agent (CA) depends on several factors, including the relaxation times of the unpaired electrons in the CA. The electron spin relaxation time may be a key factor for the performance of new CAs, such as nanosized Gd2O3 particles. The aim of this work is, therefore, to study changes in the magnetic susceptibility and the electron spin relaxation time of paramagnetic Gd2O3 nanoparticles diluted with increasing amounts of diamagnetic Y2O3. Nanoparticles of (GdxY1-x)2O3 (0 e x e 1) were prepared by the combustion method and thoroughly characterized (by X-ray di.raction, transmission electron microscopy, thermogravimetry coupled with mass spectroscopy, photoelectron spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and magnetic susceptibility measurements). Changes in the electron spin relaxation time were estimated by observations of the signal line width in electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy, and it was found that the line width was dependent on the concentration of yttrium, indicating that diamagnetic Y2O3 may increase the electron spin relaxation time of Gd2O3 nanoparticles.

  • 41.
    Hedlund, Anna
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Radiology. Linköping University, Center for Medical Image Science and Visualization (CMIV). Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Ahrén, Maria
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Molecular Surface Physics and Nano Science. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Gustafsson, Håkan
    Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Linköping University, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Radiation Physics. Linköping University, Center for Medical Image Science and Visualization (CMIV).
    Abrikossova, Natalia
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Molecular Surface Physics and Nano Science. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Warntjes, Marcel
    Linköping University, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Clinical Physiology. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Linköping University, Center for Medical Image Science and Visualization (CMIV).
    Jönsson, Jan-Ivar
    Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Medical and Physiological Chemistry.
    Uvdal, Kajsa
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Molecular Surface Physics and Nano Science. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Engström, Maria
    Linköping University, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Radiology. Linköping University, Center for Medical Image Science and Visualization (CMIV). Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Gd2O3 nanoparticles in hematopoietic cells for MRI contrast enhancement2011In: International journal of nano medicine, ISSN 1178-2013, Vol. 6, p. 3233-3240Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    As the utility of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) broadens, the importance of having specific and efficient contrast agents increases and in recent time there has been a huge development in the fields of molecular imaging and intracellular markers. Previous studies have shown that gadolinium oxide (Gd2O3) nanoparticles generate higher relaxivity than currently available Gd chelates: In addition, the Gd2O3 nanoparticles have promising properties for MRI cell tracking. The aim of the present work was to study cell labeling with Gd2O3 nanoparticles in hematopoietic cells and to improve techniques for monitoring hematopoietic stem cell migration by MRI. Particle uptake was studied in two cell lines: the hematopoietic progenitor cell line Ba/F3 and the monocytic cell line THP-1. Cells were incubated with Gd2O3 nanoparticles and it was investigated whether the transfection agent protamine sulfate increased the particle uptake. Treated cells were examined by electron microscopy and MRI, and analyzed for particle content by inductively coupled plasma sector field mass spectrometry. Results showed that particles were intracellular, however, sparsely in Ba/F3. The relaxation times were shortened with increasing particle concentration. Relaxivities, r1 and r2 at 1.5 T and 21°C, for Gd2O3 nanoparticles in different cell samples were 3.6–5.3 s-1 mM-1 and 9.6–17.2 s-1 mM-1, respectively. Protamine sulfate treatment increased the uptake in both Ba/F3 cells and THP-1 cells. However, the increased uptake did not increase the relaxation rate for THP-1 as for Ba/F3, probably due to aggregation and/or saturation effects. Viability of treated cells was not significantly decreased and thus, it was concluded that the use of Gd2O3 nanoparticles is suitable for this type of cell labeling by means of detecting and monitoring hematopoietic cells. In conclusion, Gd2O3 nanoparticles are a promising material to achieve positive intracellular MRI contrast; however, further particle development needs to be performed.

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  • 42.
    Hernandez, Luiza I.
    et al.
    SOMAprobes SL, Spain.
    Arauzo-Bravo, Marcos J.
    Max Planck Inst Mol Biomed, Germany; Biodonostia Hlth Res Inst, Spain; Basque Fdn Sci, Spain.
    Gerovska, Daniela
    Biodonostia Hlth Res Inst, Spain.
    Solaun, Ricardo Rezola
    Onkologikoa Fdn, Spain.
    Machado, Isabel
    SOMAprobes SL, Spain.
    Balian, Alien
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Molecular Surface Physics and Nano Science. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Botero, Juliana
    SOMAprobes SL, Spain.
    Jimenez, Tania
    SOMAprobes SL, Spain.
    Zuriarrain Bergara, Olaia
    Onkologikoa Fdn, Spain.
    Larburu Gurruchaga, Lide
    Onkologikoa Fdn, Spain.
    Urruticoechea, Ander
    Onkologikoa Fdn, Spain.
    Hernandez, Frank
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Molecular Surface Physics and Nano Science. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Discovery and Proof-of-Concept Study of Nuclease Activity as a Novel Biomarker for Breast Cancer Tumors2021In: Cancers, ISSN 2072-6694, Vol. 13, no 2, article id 276Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Simple Summary A diagnostic biomarker for the detection of breast cancer remains an unmet clinical need despite decades of intensive research efforts. Herein, we describe, for the first time, the use of nuclease activity as a biomarker to discriminate between healthy and cancer biopsy samples. We have identified a panel of three nucleic acid probes able to target nucleases derived from breast cancer tumors with high sensitivity and specificity. These results are in good agreement with histopathological analysis as the diagnostic gold standard. Moreover, these findings support nuclease activity as a potential adjacent diagnostic tool and shed light on the use of nuclease activity as a detection biomarker in breast cancer. Breast cancer is one of the most common pathologies diagnosed in the clinical practice. Despite major advancements in diagnostic approaches, there is no widely accepted biomarker in the clinical practice that can diagnose breast malignancy. Confirmatory diagnosis still relies on the pathological assessment of tissue biopsies by expert pathologists. Thus, there is an unmet need for new types of biomarkers and novel platform technologies that can be easily and robustly integrated into the clinic and that can assist pathologists. Herein, we show that nuclease activity associated to malignant tumors can be used as a novel biomarker in breast cancer, which can be detected via specific degradation of nucleic acid probes. In this study we have identified a set of three chemically modified nucleic acid probes that can diagnose malignancy in biopsy samples with high accuracy (89%), sensitivity (82%) and specificity (94%). This work represents a breakthrough for the potential clinical use of nuclease activity as biomarker, which can be detected via nucleic acids probes, for the clinical diagnosis of malignancy in breast tissue biopsies. This platform technology could be readily implemented into the clinic as adjunct to histopathological diagnostic.

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  • 43.
    Hu, Jiwen
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Molecular Surface Physics and Nano Science. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering. Tongji University, Peoples R China.
    Hu, Zhang-Jun
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Molecular Surface Physics and Nano Science. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering. Shanghai University, Peoples R China.
    Chen, Zhiwen
    Shanghai University, Peoples R China.
    Gao, Hong-Wen
    Tongji University, Peoples R China.
    Uvdal, Kajsa
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Molecular Surface Physics and Nano Science. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    A logic gate-based fluorogenic probe for Hg2+ detection and its applications in cellular imaging2016In: Analytica Chimica Acta, ISSN 0003-2670, E-ISSN 1873-4324, Vol. 919, p. 85-93Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    A new colorimetric and fluorogenic probe (RN3) based on rhodamine-B has been successfully designed and synthesized. It displays a selective response to Hg2+ in the aqueous buffer solution over the other competing metals. Upon addition of Hg2+, the solution of RN3 exhibits a naked eye observable color change from colorless to red and an intensive fluorescence with about 105-fold enhancement. The changes in the color and fluorescence are ascribed to the ring-opening of spirolactam in rhodamine fluorophore, which is induced by a binding of the constructed receptor to Hg2+ with the association and dissociation constants of 0.22 x 10(5) M-1 and 25.2 mM, respectively. The Jobs plot experiment determines a 1: 1 binding stoichiometry between RN3 and Hg2+. The resultant "turn-on" fluorescence in buffer solution, allows the application of a method to determine Hg2+ levels in the range of 4.0-15.0 mu M, with the limit of detection (LOD) calculated at 60.7 nM (3 sigma/slope). In addition, the fluorescence turn-off and color fading-out happen to the mixture of RN3-Hg2+ by further addition of I- or S2-. The reversible switching cycles of fluorescence intensity upon alternate additions of Hg2+ and S2- demonstrate that RN3 can perform as an INHIBIT logic gate. Furthermore, the potential of RN3 as a fluorescent probe has been demonstrated for cellular imaging. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

  • 44.
    Hu, Jiwen
    et al.
    Tongji University, Peoples R China.
    Hu, Zhang-Jun
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Molecular Surface Physics and Nano Science. Linköping University, The Institute of Technology. Tongji University, Peoples R China.
    Cui, Yang
    Tongji University, Peoples R China.
    Zhang, Xuanjun
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Molecular Surface Physics and Nano Science. Linköping University, The Institute of Technology.
    Gao, Hong-Wen
    Tongji University, Peoples R China.
    Uvdal, Kajsa
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Molecular Surface Physics and Nano Science. Linköping University, The Institute of Technology.
    A rhodamine-based fluorescent probe for Hg2+ and its application for biological visualization2014In: Sensors and actuators. B, Chemical, ISSN 0925-4005, E-ISSN 1873-3077, Vol. 203, p. 452-458Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    A new visible light excitable fluorescent probe (1) is synthesized by appending a hydroxymethyl-pyridine to rhodamine B hydrazide. The probe displays very specific Hg2+-induced colour change and fluorescent enhancement in the aqueous systems. The "turn-on" response of fluorescence is based on a binding-induced ring-opening process from the spirolactam (nonfluorescent) to acyclic xanthene (fluorescent) in rhodamine B. The coordinating atoms O-center dot-N-N-O-center dot from the hydroxymethyl-pyridine and rhodamine B hydrazide play dominant role in the formation of a complex with 1:1 stoichiometry of Hg2+ to 1. It exhibits a linear response in the range of 0.1-5 mu M with the limit of detection (LOD) of 15.7 nM (3 sigma/slope), while the calculated value of the association constant of Hg2+/1 is 0.70 x 10(5) M-1. Furthermore, confocal microscopy imaging experiment demonstrates the probe 1 can be applied as a fluorescent probe for visualization of Hg2+ in living HeLa cells.

  • 45.
    Hu, Jiwen
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Molecular Surface Physics and Nano Science. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering. Tongji University, Peoples R China.
    Hu, Zhang-Jun
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Molecular Surface Physics and Nano Science. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Liu, Sheng
    Huaibei Normal University, Peoples R China.
    Zhang, Qiong
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Molecular Surface Physics and Nano Science. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Gao, Hong-Wen
    Tongji University, Peoples R China.
    Uvdal, Kajsa
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Molecular Surface Physics and Nano Science. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    A new ratiometric fluorescent chemodosimeter based on an ICT modulation for the detection of Hg2+2016In: Sensors and actuators. B, Chemical, ISSN 0925-4005, E-ISSN 1873-3077, Vol. 230, p. 639-644Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    We design and synthesize a new ratiometric fluorescent chemodosimeter (S1) for the selective and sensitive detection of Hg2+. Upon addition of Hg2+, the emission of the S1 exhibits a large bathochromic shift from 393 to 515 nm (up to 122 nm) which is ascribed to an intramolecular charge transfer process in the resultant. The Hg2+-induced dethioacetalization for sensing mechanism has been demonstrated by using high-performance liquid chromatography analysis of the sensing process. The interference experiments further demonstrate that S1 exhibits very high selectivity towards Hg2+ over other coexisting cations/anions. Subsequently, a good linearity of the concentrations of Hg2+ (0-15 mu M) vs the ratiometric signals (I-515/I-393) allows a fluorogenic method for the quantitative detection of Hg2+, with the limitation of detection determined to be 5.22 x 10(-7) M. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

  • 46.
    Hu, Jiwen
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Molecular Surface Physics and Nano Science. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering. Shanghai Univ, Peoples R China.
    Liu, TingTing
    Tongji Univ, Peoples R China.
    Gao, Hong-Wen
    Tongji Univ, Peoples R China.
    Lu, Senlin
    Shanghai Univ, Peoples R China.
    Uvdal, Kajsa
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Molecular Surface Physics and Nano Science. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Hu, Zhang-Jun
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Molecular Surface Physics and Nano Science. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering. Shanghai Univ, Peoples R China.
    Selective detections of Hg2+ and F- by using tailor-made fluorogenic probes2018In: Sensors and actuators. B, Chemical, ISSN 0925-4005, E-ISSN 1873-3077, Vol. 269, p. 368-376Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    By ingeniously using a (imino)coumarin-precursor, three reactive fluorogenic probes of MP, FP, and FMP have been fabricated in a single facile synthetic route. MP and FP are able to respectively act as selective "turn-on" fluorescent probes for detecting Hg2+ and F- in buffer solution via specific analyte-induced reactions. Linear ranges for the detection of Hg2+ and F- are 0-10 mu M and 0-100 mu M with the limits of detection (LODs) of 4.0 x 10(-8) M and 1.14 x 10(-6) M (3 delta/slope), respectively. FMP is able to work as a molecular "AND" logic gate-based fluorogenic probe for monitoring the coexistence of Hg2+ and F- via a multistep reaction cascade. The analytes-induced sensing mechanisms have been determined by using high-performance liquid chromatography analysis (HPLC). In addition, three probes show negligible toxicity under the experimental conditions, and are successfully used for monitoring Hg2+ and F- in living cells with good cell permeability. The success of the work demonstrates that ingenious utility of specific analyte-induced reactions and conventional concepts on the appropriate molecular scaffold can definitely deliver tailor-made probes for various intended sensing purposes. (C) 2018 Published by Elsevier B.V.

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  • 47.
    Hu, Jiwen
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Molecular Surface Physics and Nano Science. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Wang, Lei
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Electronic and photonic materials. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Zhang, Xin
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Molecular Surface Physics and Nano Science. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Yu, Weibin
    Tongji Univ, Peoples R China.
    Gao, Hong-Wen
    Tongji Univ, Peoples R China.
    Solin, Niclas
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Electronic and photonic materials. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Hu, Zhang-Jun
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Molecular Surface Physics and Nano Science. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Uvdal, Kajsa
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Molecular Surface Physics and Nano Science. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Selective colorimetric detection of copper (II) by a protein-based nanoprobe2021In: Spectrochimica Acta Part A - Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy, ISSN 1386-1425, E-ISSN 1873-3557, Vol. 252, article id 119462Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    In this work, we report a novel protein-based nanoprobe (PNP) that can be employed for quantitative analysis of Cu2+ in pure water medium and real samples. Structurally, the proposed nanoprobe comprises a biofriendly protein (hen egg-white lysozyme (HEWL)) and a Cu2+-specific chromogenic agent, where HEWL acts as a nanocarrier encapsulating a structurally tailored rhodamine B derivate. The resulting PNP exhibits a hydrodynamic diameter of similar to 106 nm and efficiently disperses in water, enabling the detection of Cu2+ in pure aqueous systems without the aid of any organic co-solvents. The high sensitivity and selectivity of PNP allow the colorimetric detection of Cu2+ in the presence of other metal interferents with a low detection limit of 160 nM. The satisfying recovery of trace level Cu2+ in environmental samples demonstrate the great potential of employing PNP for the determination of Cu2+ in actual applications. Most importantly, the simple co-grinding method employing proteins and chromogenic agents provides a novel strategy to generate sensing systems that are useful detection of pollutants in aqueous samples. (C) 2021 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

  • 48.
    Hu, Jiwen
    et al.
    Shanghai Univ, Peoples R China.
    Yu, Xili
    Shanghai Univ, Peoples R China.
    Zhang, Xin
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Molecular Surface Physics and Nano Science. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Jing, Changcheng
    Univ Liverpool, England.
    Liu, Tingting
    Tongji Univ, Peoples R China.
    Hu, Xiaochun
    Tongji Univ, Peoples R China.
    Lu, Senlin
    Shanghai Univ, Peoples R China.
    Uvdal, Kajsa
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Molecular Surface Physics and Nano Science. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Gao, Hong-Wen
    Tongji Univ, Peoples R China.
    Hu, Zhang-Jun
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Molecular Surface Physics and Nano Science. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering. Shanghai Univ, Peoples R China.
    Rapid detection of mercury (II) ions and water content by a new rhodamine B-based fluorescent chemosensor2020In: Spectrochimica Acta Part A - Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy, ISSN 1386-1425, E-ISSN 1873-3557, Vol. 241, article id 118657Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    A rhodamine B-based sensor (RS) was designed and synthesized by a combination of the spirolacton rhodamine B (fluorophore) and multidentate chelates (ionophore) with high affinity towards Hg2+. In the presence of Hg2+, the resulting red-orange fluorescence (under UV light) and naked eye red color of IDS are supposed to be used for quantitative and qualitative measurement of Hg2+. Further fluorescent titration and analysis demonstrate that RS can selectively detect Hg2+ within 1 s with a low limit of detection (LOD) of 16 nM in acetonitrile media, meanwhile, the association constant (K-a) was calculated to be 0.32 x 10(5) M-1. More importantly, the resultant complex (RSHg) of RS and Hg2+ has also been successfully applied to detect limited water content in acetonitrile solution. (C) 2020 Published by Elsevier B.V.

  • 49.
    Hu, Jiwen
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Molecular Surface Physics and Nano Science. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering. Shanghai Univ, Peoples R China.
    Zhang, Xin
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Molecular Surface Physics and Nano Science. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Liu, Tingting
    Tongji Univ, Peoples R China.
    Gao, Hong-Wen
    Tongji Univ, Peoples R China.
    Lu, Senlin
    Shanghai Univ, Peoples R China.
    Uvdal, Kajsa
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Molecular Surface Physics and Nano Science. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Hu, Zhang-Jun
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Molecular Surface Physics and Nano Science. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering. Shanghai Univ, Peoples R China.
    Ratiometric fluorogenic determination of endogenous hypochlorous acid in living cells2019In: Spectrochimica Acta Part A - Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy, ISSN 1386-1425, E-ISSN 1873-3557, Vol. 219, p. 232-239Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Hypochlorous acid (HClO) is one of the most important ROS (reactive oxygen species) and common pollutant in tap-water. However, the determination of HClO with fast response and high sensitivity/selectivity is still an urgent demanding. Here we fabricated a ratiometric fluorescent probe RC based on TBET (through-bond energy transfer) on the platform of coumarin and rhodamine with the thiosemicarbazide group as the linker. This probe could display the characteristic fluorescence emission of coumarin. Upon addition of HClO, the linker was reacted into an oxadiazole, resulting in the opening of spiro-ring of rhodamine. The resultant then gives ratiometric fluorogenic changes. The probe exhibits fast response and high selectivity and sensitivity towards HClO with a low limit of detection (similar to 140 nM). Eventually, RC is successfully applicated for determining spiked HClO in water samples and imaging endogenous HClO in living cells. (C) 2019 Published by Elsevier B.V.

  • 50.
    Hu, Zhangjun
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Molecular Surface Physics and Nano Science. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Ahrén, Maria
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Molecular Surface Physics and Nano Science. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Selegård, Linnéa
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Molecular Surface Physics and Nano Science. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Skoglund, Caroline
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Molecular Surface Physics and Nano Science. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Söderlind, Fredrik
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Molecular Surface Physics and Nano Science. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Engström, Maria
    Linköping University, Center for Medical Image Science and Visualization (CMIV). Linköping University, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Division of Radiological Sciences. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Zhang, Xuanjun
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Molecular Surface Physics and Nano Science. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Uvdal, Kajsa
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Molecular Surface Physics and Nano Science. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Highly Water-Dispersible Surface-Modified Gd2O3 Nanoparticles for Potential Dual-Modal Bioimaging2013In: Chemistry - A European Journal, ISSN 0947-6539, E-ISSN 1521-3765, Vol. 19, no 38, p. 12658-12667Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Water-dispersible and luminescent gadolinium oxide (GO) nanoparticles (NPs) were designed and synthesized for potential dual-modal biological imaging. They were obtained by capping gadolinium oxide nanoparticles with a fluorescent glycol-based conjugated carboxylate (HL). The obtained nanoparticles (GO-L) show long-term colloidal stability and intense blue fluorescence. In addition, L can sensitize the luminescence of europium(III) through the so-called antenna effect. Thus, to extend the spectral ranges of emission, europium was introduced into L-modified gadolinium oxide nanoparticles. The obtained Eu-III-doped particles (Eu:GO-L) can provide visible red emission, which is more intensive than that without L capping. The average diameter of the monodisperse modified oxide cores is about 4nm. The average hydrodynamic diameter of the L-modified nanoparticles was estimated to be about 13nm. The nanoparticles show effective longitudinal water proton relaxivity. The relaxivity values obtained for GO-L and Eu:GO-L were r(1)=6.4 and 6.3s(-1)mM(-1) with r(2)/r(1) ratios close to unity at 1.4T. Longitudinal proton relaxivities of these nanoparticles are higher than those of positive contrast agents based on gadolinium complexes such as Gd-DOTA, which are commonly used for clinical magnetic resonance imaging. Moreover, these particles are suitable for cellular imaging and show good biocompatibility.

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