In this article the post war development of public transport demand in the town of Linköping is explained using time series analysis. It is found that the dramatic increase in public transport demand between 1946 and 1983, at least in part, can be explained by the rapid increase in female labour force participation and the expansion of the city’s outer areas. After that, female labour force participation decreased slightly and the town expansion has stopped. Without these positive forces to counterbalance the rising levels of car ownership public transport demand has fallen by 71%. The effects of a policy change, including peak-load pricing, straighter bus routes, smaller bus size and staggered school hours, is analysed. It is found that the proposed package would increase public transport travel by 42 % compared to present policy.
This chapter aims at outlining pricing policy for public transport that maximizes the social surplus, that is, the sum of the producer surplus and the consumer surplus, while internalizing possible system-external costs. It starts by presenting the door-to-door transport cost as a key concept in price theory for public transport, and then first principles of optimal pricing valid for all modes of public transport are laid down. These principles are applied to urban (short-distance) public transport in sections 13.2–13.5 and to inter-urban (long-distance) public transport in section 13.6. Section 13.7 summarizes the methodological conclusions.
In one volume, this book brings together a selection of the best papers presented at the 9th International Conference series on Competition and Ownership of Land Passenger Transport (known as the Thredbo Series). Thredbo is a premier international event that brings together academics, government policy makers, politicians, consultants and public transport operators to review the international developments in the theme area. As the most important international conference in this field of expertise, the series has more than 120 papers of well known authors and practitioners of Land Transport. Best papers from previous conferences were published in "T& F journal" and "Transport Reviews". Papers are reviewed and revised appropriately to ensure high quality. This book takes a practical approach by focusing on real world examples
Except in Stockholm, local public transport shows a declining trend in spite of an annual total subsidy from the County councils of 10 billion SEK. This is fair enough. Running local bus services in small and medium sized towns in accordance with welfare economic criteria implies among other things a pricing policy which requires subsidization just above 50%, which happens to be the same as the present degree of tax-financing. However, this is just a coincidence, and not a mark of optimality, because it is found that the structure of fares is clearly suboptimal. As regards investment policy it is furthermore confirmed by a questionnaire survey that neither the principals (the County councils) nor their agents (bus companies) use cost-benefit analysis (CBA) for the design of local public transport systems, so the purpose of the thesis is to demonstrate the potential improvements of public transport in small and medium sized towns run on the basis of welfare economics.
The operationalization of the welfare economic foundations requires some theoretical reorientation in the particular case of local public transport. A fundamental division of the supply is made between the “merit goods” part of total supply and the “normal goods” part, where benefit is measured by the individual willingness-to-pay.
In a case study of the bus transport system of Linköping a number of generally applicable minor improvements are found by the welfare economic approach, which aggregated to the national level would imply a total net benefit which more spectacular projects in the public transport sector rarely can present.
In one volume, this book brings together a selection of the best papers presented at the 9th International Conference series on Competition and Ownership of Land Passenger Transport (known as the Thredbo Series). Thredbo is a premier international event that brings together academics, government policy makers, politicians, consultants and public transport operators to review the international developments in the theme area. As the most important international conference in this field of expertise, the series has more than 120 papers of well known authors and practitioners of Land Transport. Best papers from previous conferences were published in "T& F journal" and "Transport Reviews". Papers are reviewed and revised appropriately to ensure high quality. This book takes a practical approach by focusing on real world examples.
Syfte: Syftet med denna inledande enkätstudie är dels rent metodologisk och dels att erhålla en uppfattning om valet mellan (/hur upplevelsen av) spårvagn och tunnelbana påverkas av individspecifika faktorer. Ett försök till uppskattning av en eventuell skillnad i värdering av restiden mellan tunnelbana och spårvagn genomförs också.
Metod: Information om resande samlades in med enkäter ombord på tunnelbana och spårvagn. Enkäterna var utformade utifrån en del av den kunskap som idag finns om kollektivtrafikresande i Stockholm. Den information som erhålls utgörs både av så kallad RP-(revealed preference) och SP- (stated preference) data. Datamaterialet har analyserats i statistikprogrammet SPSS, dels grafiskt men framförallt med binär logitmodell. Beräkningsoch diagramfunktioner hos Excel har också använts.
Disposition: I nästa kapitel (2) redogörs för några svenska studier vad gäller komfort och kollektivtrafik, därefter (kapitel 3) beskrivs undersökningens uppläggning. I kapitel 4 redovisas resultaten. Först presenteras urvalet vad gäller bortfall, socioekonomiska faktorer och kollektivtrafikanvändande, därefter beskrivs viktiga faktorer hos ett kollektivt färdmedel och restidskostnaden på spårvagn relativt tunnelbana nämns. Slutligen förs en sammanfattande diskussion i kapitel 5 och väsentlig vidare forskning inom detta område föreslås.
I ett antal bilagor återfinns, förutom använda enkäter, kompletterande tabeller och diagram. Teori kring logitmodellen har också förlagts dit för att underlätta läsandet av huvudtexten. Bilagorna erhålls mot förfrågan, kontakta anders.ljungberg@eki.liu.se