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  • 1.
    Borg, Andreas
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Computer and Information Science, PELAB - Programming Environment Laboratory. Linköping University, The Institute of Technology.
    Yong, Angela
    Linköping University, Department of Computer and Information Science, PELAB - Programming Environment Laboratory. Linköping University, The Institute of Technology.
    Carlshamre, Pär
    Linköping University, Department of Computer and Information Science, MDA - Human Computer Interfaces. Linköping University, The Institute of Technology.
    Sandahl, Kristian
    Linköping University, Department of Computer and Information Science, PELAB - Programming Environment Laboratory. Linköping University, The Institute of Technology.
    The Bad Conscience of Requirements Engineering: An Investigation in Real-World Treatment of Non-Functional Requirements2003In: Third Conference on Software Engineering Research and Practice in Sweden (SERPS'03), Lund, 2003, p. 1-8Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Even though non-functional requirements (NFRs) are critical in order to provide software of good quality, the literature of NFRs is relatively sparse. We describe how NFRs are treated in two development organizations, an Ericsson application center and the IT department of the Swedish Meteorological and Hydrological Institute. We have interviewed professionals about problems they face and their ideas on how to improve the situation. Both organizations are aware of NFRs and related problems but their main focus is on functional requirements,primarily because existing methods focus on these. The most tangible problems experienced are that many NFRs remain undiscovered and that NFRs are stated in non-measurable terms. It became clear that the size andstructure of the organization require proper distribution of employees’ interest, authority and competence of NFRs. We argue that a feasible solution might be to strengthen the position of architectural requirements, which are more likely to emphasize NFRs.

    Download full text (pdf)
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  • 2.
    Carlshamre, Pär
    Linköping University, Department of Computer and Information Science. Linköping University, The Institute of Technology.
    A collaborative approach to usability engineering: technical communicators and system developers in usability-oriented systems development1994Licentiate thesis, monograph (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    For the last 20 years, the human-computer interaction research community has provided a multitude of methods and techniques intended to support the development of usable systems, but the impact on industrial software development has been limited. One of the reasons for this limited success is argued to be the gap between traditional academic theory generation and industrial practice.Furthermore, technical communicators (TCs) have until recently played a subordinate role in software design, even in usability-oriented methods. Considering their close relation to the users of the developed systems, and to the usability issue itself, they constitute a hidden resource, which potentially would contribute to the benefit of more usable systems.We formed the Delta project as a joint effort between industry and academia. The objectives of the project were to jointly develop usability-oriented method extensions, adapted for a particular industrial setting, and to account for the specialist competence of the TCs in the software development process. This thesis is a qualitative study of the development, introduction and evaluation of the Delta method extension. The analysis provides evidence in favor of a closer collaboration between system developers (SDs) and TCs. An additional outcome of the in-depth study is a proposed redefinition of the extended interface concept, taking into account the inseparability of user documentation and user interface, while providing a natural common ground for a closer collaboration between SDs and TCs.

  • 3.
    Carlshamre, Pär
    Linköping University, Department of Computer and Information Science, MDALAB - Human Computer Interfaces. Linköping University, The Institute of Technology.
    A usability perspective on requirements engineering: from methodology to product development2001Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    Usability is one of the most important aspects of software. A multitude of methods and techniques intended to support the development of usable systems has been provided, but the impact on industrial software development has been limited. One of the reasons for this limited success is the gap between traditional academic theory generation and commercial practice. Another reason is the gap between usability engineering and established requirements engineering practice. This thesis is based on empirical research and puts a usability focus on three important aspects of requirements engineering: elicitation, specification and release planning.

    There are two main themes of investigation. The first is concerned with the development and introduction of a usability-oriented method for elicitation and specification of requirements, with an explicit focus on utilizing the skills of technical communicators. This longitudinal, qualitative study, performed in an industrial setting in the first half of the nineties, provides ample evidence in favor of a closer collaboration between technical communicators and system developers. It also provides support for the benefits of a task-oriented approach to requirements elicitation. The results are also reflected upon in a retrospective paper, and the experiences point in the direction of an increased focus on the specification part, in order to bridge the gap between usability engineering and established requirements management practice.

    The second represents a usability-oriented approach to understanding and supporting release planning in software product development. Release planning is an increasingly important part of requirements engineering, and it is complicated by intricate dependencies between requirements. A survey performed at five different companies gave an understanding of the nature and frequency of these interdependencies. This knowledge was then turned into the design and implementation of a support tool, with the purpose of provoking a deeper understanding of the release planning task. This was done through a series of cooperative evaluation sessions with release planning experts. The results indicate that, although the tool was considered useful by the experts, the initial understanding of the task was overly simplistic. As a result, a number of design implications are proposed.

    List of papers
    1. Technical Communicators and System Developers Collaborating in Usability-Oriented Systems Development: Case Study
    Open this publication in new window or tab >>Technical Communicators and System Developers Collaborating in Usability-Oriented Systems Development: Case Study
    1994 (English)In: In Proc. 12th ACM Annual International Conference on Systems Documentation (SIGDOC'94), 1994, p. 200-207Conference paper, Published paper (Refereed)
    National Category
    Engineering and Technology
    Identifiers
    urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-13478 (URN)
    Available from: 2002-01-24 Created: 2002-01-24 Last updated: 2009-02-09
    2. A Usability-Oriented Approach to Requirements Engineering
    Open this publication in new window or tab >>A Usability-Oriented Approach to Requirements Engineering
    1996 (English)In: In Proc. 2nd IEEE International Conference on Requirements Engineering (ICRE´96), p. 145-152Article in journal (Refereed) Published
    Identifiers
    urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-13479 (URN)
    Available from: 2002-01-24 Created: 2002-01-24
    3. Dissemination of Usability: The Failure of a Success Story
    Open this publication in new window or tab >>Dissemination of Usability: The Failure of a Success Story
    2000 (English)In: ACM interactions, Vol. 8, no 1, p. 31–41-Article in journal (Refereed) Published
    National Category
    Engineering and Technology
    Identifiers
    urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-13480 (URN)
    Available from: 2002-01-24 Created: 2002-01-24
    4. Requirements Lifecycle Management and Release Planning in Market-Driven Requirements Engineering Processes
    Open this publication in new window or tab >>Requirements Lifecycle Management and Release Planning in Market-Driven Requirements Engineering Processes
    2000 (English)In: Proc. IEEE Int. Workshop on the Requirements Engineering Process. In Proc. 11th Int. Conf. on Data-base and Expert Systems Application (DEXA2000), IEEE , 2000, p. 961-965Conference paper, Published paper (Refereed)
    Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
    IEEE, 2000
    National Category
    Engineering and Technology
    Identifiers
    urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-13481 (URN)10.1109/DEXA.2000.875142 (DOI)0-7695-0680-1 (ISBN)
    Conference
    11th International Workshop on Database and Expert Systems Applications, 4-8 September 2000, London, UK
    Available from: 2002-01-24 Created: 2002-01-24 Last updated: 2015-03-16
    5. An Industrial Survey of Requirements Interdependencies in Software Product Release Planning
    Open this publication in new window or tab >>An Industrial Survey of Requirements Interdependencies in Software Product Release Planning
    Show others...
    2001 (English)In: In Proc. Fifth IEEE Int. Symposium on Requirements Engineering (RE'01), IEEE , 2001, p. 84-91Conference paper, Published paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The task of finding an optimal selection of requirements for the next release of a software system is difficult as requirements may depend on each other in complex ways. The paper presents the results from an in-depth study of the interdependencies within 5 distinct sets of requirements, each including 20 high-priority requirements of 5 distinct products from 5 different companies. The results show that: (1) roughly 20% of the requirements are responsible for 75% of the interdependencies; (2) only a few requirements are singular; (3) customer-specific bespoke development tend to include more functionality- related dependencies whereas market-driven product development have an emphasis on value-related dependencies. Several strategies for reducing the effort needed for identifying and managing interdependencies are outlined. A technique for visualization of interdependencies with the aim of supporting release planning is also discussed. The complexity of requirements interdependency analysis is studied in relation to metrics of requirements coupling. Finally, a number of issues for further research are identified

    Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
    IEEE, 2001
    National Category
    Engineering and Technology
    Identifiers
    urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-13482 (URN)10.1109/ISRE.2001.948547 (DOI)0-7695-1125-2 (ISBN)
    Conference
    Fifth IEEE International Symposium on Requirements Engineering, 27-31 August 2001, Toronto, Canada
    Available from: 2002-01-24 Created: 2002-01-24 Last updated: 2015-05-06
    6. Release Planning in Market-Driven Software Product Development: Provoking an Understanding
    Open this publication in new window or tab >>Release Planning in Market-Driven Software Product Development: Provoking an Understanding
    2002 (English)In: Requirements Engineering, ISSN 0947-3602, Vol. 7, no 3, p. 139-151Article in journal (Refereed) Published
    Abstract [en]

    In market-driven software development, release planning is one of the most critical tasks. Selecting a subset of requirements for realisation in a certain release is as complex as it is important for the success of a software product. Despite this, the literature provides little information on how release planning is done in practice. We designed, implemented and evaluated a support tool for release planning as a means for provoking a rich understanding of the task of release planning. The tool utilises a selection algorithm which, based on value, resource estimate and interdependencies, presents a number of valid and good release suggestions. The initial attempt at supporting release planning proved to be based on an overly simplistic and structuralistic view. The results provide ample evidence that the task could be characterised as a wicked problem, which in turn has several implications for the support needed. Although the provotype could indeed support the planner, in its current version it has several serious shortcomings related to the degree of interactivity, underlying models, presentation of information and general appearance. A rich description of the task of release planning is provided. Based on these findings, a list of design implications is proposed, which is intended to guide the future design of a support tool for release planning.  

    Keywords
    Pragmatic algorithm, Provotype, Release planning, Requirements coupling, Requirements interdependencies, Wicked problem
    National Category
    Engineering and Technology
    Identifiers
    urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-13483 (URN)10.1007/s007660200010 (DOI)
    Available from: 2002-01-24 Created: 2002-01-24
    Download full text (pdf)
    FULLTEXT01
  • 4.
    Carlshamre, Pär
    Linköping University, Department of Computer and Information Science, MDA. Linköping University, The Institute of Technology.
    Release Planning in Market-Driven Software Product Development: Provoking an Understanding2002In: Requirements Engineering, ISSN 0947-3602, Vol. 7, no 3, p. 139-151Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    In market-driven software development, release planning is one of the most critical tasks. Selecting a subset of requirements for realisation in a certain release is as complex as it is important for the success of a software product. Despite this, the literature provides little information on how release planning is done in practice. We designed, implemented and evaluated a support tool for release planning as a means for provoking a rich understanding of the task of release planning. The tool utilises a selection algorithm which, based on value, resource estimate and interdependencies, presents a number of valid and good release suggestions. The initial attempt at supporting release planning proved to be based on an overly simplistic and structuralistic view. The results provide ample evidence that the task could be characterised as a wicked problem, which in turn has several implications for the support needed. Although the provotype could indeed support the planner, in its current version it has several serious shortcomings related to the degree of interactivity, underlying models, presentation of information and general appearance. A rich description of the task of release planning is provided. Based on these findings, a list of design implications is proposed, which is intended to guide the future design of a support tool for release planning.  

  • 5.
    Carlshamre, Pär
    Linköping University, Department of Computer and Information Science, MDA. Linköping University, The Institute of Technology.
    Technical Communicators and System Developers Collaborating in Usability-Oriented Systems Development: Case Study1994In: In Proc. 12th ACM Annual International Conference on Systems Documentation (SIGDOC'94), 1994, p. 200-207Conference paper (Refereed)
  • 6.
    Carlshamre, Pär
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Computer and Information Science, MDA. Linköping University, The Institute of Technology.
    Rantzer, Martin
    Dissemination of Usability: The Failure of a Success Story2000In: ACM interactions, Vol. 8, no 1, p. 31–41-Article in journal (Refereed)
  • 7.
    Carlshamre, Pär
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Computer and Information Science, MDALAB - Human Computer Interfaces. Linköping University, The Institute of Technology.
    Regnell, Björn
    Requirements Lifecycle Management and Release Planning in Market-Driven Requirements Engineering Processes2000In: Proc. IEEE Int. Workshop on the Requirements Engineering Process. In Proc. 11th Int. Conf. on Data-base and Expert Systems Application (DEXA2000), IEEE , 2000, p. 961-965Conference paper (Refereed)
  • 8.
    Carlshamre, Pär
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Computer and Information Science, MDALAB - Human Computer Interfaces. Linköping University, The Institute of Technology.
    Sandahl, Kristian
    Linköping University, Department of Computer and Information Science, PELAB - Programming Environment Laboratory. Linköping University, The Institute of Technology.
    Lindvall, Mikael
    Regnell, Björn
    Natt och Dag, Johan
    An Industrial Survey of Requirements Interdependencies in Software Product Release Planning2001In: In Proc. Fifth IEEE Int. Symposium on Requirements Engineering (RE'01), IEEE , 2001, p. 84-91Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The task of finding an optimal selection of requirements for the next release of a software system is difficult as requirements may depend on each other in complex ways. The paper presents the results from an in-depth study of the interdependencies within 5 distinct sets of requirements, each including 20 high-priority requirements of 5 distinct products from 5 different companies. The results show that: (1) roughly 20% of the requirements are responsible for 75% of the interdependencies; (2) only a few requirements are singular; (3) customer-specific bespoke development tend to include more functionality- related dependencies whereas market-driven product development have an emphasis on value-related dependencies. Several strategies for reducing the effort needed for identifying and managing interdependencies are outlined. A technique for visualization of interdependencies with the aim of supporting release planning is also discussed. The complexity of requirements interdependency analysis is studied in relation to metrics of requirements coupling. Finally, a number of issues for further research are identified

1 - 8 of 8
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