The overarching research problem addressed in this chapter is the relationship between professional/higher education and professional work. The chapter will discuss the relevance of university education for professional practice with a particular focus on professional identity formation and formation of professional responsibility. We deiscuss how different professional programs and their traditions and culturs shape different curricula structures that have an impact on students professional identity formation and transition to work. We will also discuss ecperiences with and learning of professional responsibility in the web of commitments within educational settings and how new multiple expectations emerge and lead to new learning experiencies when entering work life. The argument of the chapter is based on the rationale and findings from an extensive international research program, conducted between 2001-2008.

A brief narrative description of the journal article, document, or resource.The number of doctorates being awarded around the world has almost doubled over the last ten years, propelling it from a small elite enterprise into a large and ever growing international market. Within the context of increasing numbers of doctoral students this book examines the new doctorate environment and the challenges it is starting to face. Drawing on research from around the world the individual authors contribute to a previously under-represented focus of theorising the emerging practices of doctoral education and the shape of change in this arena. Key aspects, expertly discussed by contributors from the UK, USA, Australia, New Zealand, China, South Africa, Sweden and Denmark include: (1) the changing nature of doctoral education; (2) the need for systematic and principled accounts of doctoral pedagogies; (3) the importance of disciplinary specificity; (4) the relationship between pedagogy and knowledge generation; and (5) issues of transdisciplinarity. "Reshaping Doctoral Education" provides rich accounts of traditional and more innovative pedagogical practices within a range of doctoral systems in different disciplines, professional fields and geographical locations, providing the reader with a trustworthy and scholarly platform from which to design the doctoral experience. It will prove an essential resource for anyone involved in doctorate studies, whether as students, supervisors, researchers, administrators, teachers or mentors. After an introduction, this book is divided into three parts. Part I, Old Basics/New Basics?, contains the following: (2) Framing Doctoral Pedagogy As Design and Action, Susan Danby and Alison Lee; (3) Writing as Craft and Practice in the Doctoral Curriculum (Claire Aitchison and Anthony Pare); (4) Learning from the Literature: Some Pedagogies (David Boote); (5) "Team" Supervision: New Positionings in Doctoral Education Pedagogies (Catherine Manathunga); (6) The Seminar as Enacted Doctoral Pedagogy (Madeleine Abrandt Dahlgren and Anna Bjuremark); (7) Taking a Break: Doctoral Summer Schools as Transformative Pedagogies (Miriam Zukas and Linda Lundgaard Andersen); and (8) "What's Going on Here?" The Pedagogy of a Data Analysis Session (Harris, J., Theobald, M., Danby, S., Reynolds, E., Rintel, E.S., and Members The Transcript Analysis Group (Tag)). Part II, Disciplinary and Transdisciplinary Pedagogies, contains the following: (9) Designing (In) the PhD in Architecture: Knowledge, Discipline, Pedagogy (Charles Rice and Linda Matthews); (10) Pedagogies for Creativity in Science Doctorates (Liezel Frick); (11) Creative Tensions: Negotiating the Multiple Dimensions of a Transdisciplinary Doctorate (Juliet Willetts, Cynthia Mitchell, Ku mi Absurdity and Dena Fame; (12) Cognitive Apprenticeship: The Making of a Scientist (Barbara J. Gabey's and Alina Bletch); and (13) Pedagogies of Industry Partnership (Barbara Adkins, Jennifer Summer ville, Susan Dan by and Judy Matthews). Part III, Inter-National and Intercultural Pedagogical Spaces, contains the following: (14) The Graduate School in the Sky: Emerging Pedagogies for An International Network for Doctoral Education and Research (Madeleine Brandt-Walgreen, Sofia Nostrum, Garnet Grossman and Alison Lee); (15) Ignorance and Pedagogies of Generative Equality: Internationalizing Australian Doctoral Education Programs and Pedagogies through Engaging Chinese Theoretical Tools (Michael Sing and Fang Chen); and (16) Expanding Pedagogical Boundaries: Indigenous Students Undertaking Doctoral Education (Liz McKinley and Barbara Grant). [Foreword by Erica McWilliam.]

Series editors abstract:

A key goal of this book series is to contribute to discussions about and processes for improving the enactment of occupational capacities through professional practice- based experiences. A related goal is associated with understanding and enhancing the contributions that different kinds of experiences can make to the formation and continuity of those occupational practices. The volumes in this series have contrib- uted a range of perspectives, approaches and outcomes to these discussions. This volume continues that tradition through considerations of how simulation-based activities can contribute to enhancing occupational practices in which working and learning progresses inter- and intra-professionally within healthcare settings. The procedural concern here is to enhance patient safety through improving the quality of collaborative working and learning by healthcare workers. The conceptual concern here is to understand how such working and learning can be understood more fully as a process of interdependence amongst practitioners, and how such co- working and learning progresses, in what ways and for what outcomes. Added here are the ways in which technology comes to mediate and support that process. Perhaps only through such considerations, focused empirical work and detailed analysis will our understanding of human capacities, their enactment and evaluation transcend from either wholly individualised or wholly socialised accounts.

The sections comprising this book are drawn from a large collaborative study hosted by three institutions that have longer and solid traditions of making contribu- tions to understanding the development of professional capacities through interpro- fessional practices (i.e. Linkoping), dedicated focuses on improving healthcare practices (Karolinska) and the use of technology in working and learning (Gothenburg). These collaborations have been informed and enriched by contribu- tors from other institutions who bring explanatory concepts. The attempt to utilise, accommodate and optimise these different contributions is exercised within the organisation of the sections of the book and chapters within it, highlighted by a process of dual considerations and separate commentaries. Each of these sections provides an overview, statements about procedural matters (e.g. how to conduct inquiries or how to analyse data), proposing and advancing particular explanatory accounts, and also offering perspectives on how educational or work practice might be enhanced. This structuring is particularly helpful as it provides focused consid- erations of particular phenomena (e.g. team-based approaches to simulation, use of video recordings, doing simulations) through description, analysis and commentary.

In these ways, this volume offers contributions to discussions about the goals for, processes of and outcomes of professional and practice-based learning in a manner that is highly consistent with the ambitions of this book series.

This article aims to review the pedagogical research on simulation training in voca-tional education and training (VET) and to discuss the emerging teaching practice from a socio-material perspective on learning and practice. Literature reviews on research into simulation training with pedagogical interests show that there are three main themes: 1) the effect of technology-enhanced simulation training, 2) the fidelity and authenticity of simulation and learning, and 3) pedagogical consideration and under-pinnings. The article draws on a sociomaterial perspective on learning and practice to problematise and discuss the findings of previous research. This theoretical perspec-tive makes it possible to discuss how technology, educational practice and social rela-tions are intertwined and precondition each other.

Through the lens of sociomaterial theory, the article discusses how the introduction of the new technologies brings about changes and expectations of what can be learned, how the teaching practices are enacted and how this affects the relationship between teachers and students.

It is argued that the use of high-fdelity simulators is educationally efective, since students are able to work more independently and can better control their learning. Therefore, simulations can be used as a teaching method to facilitate and ease teachers’ work situations. This raises questions as to whether teachers’ professional bodies are a bounded physicality, or whether we can understand teachers’ professional bodies in practice in terms of enactments? This article analyses and discusses the enactment of VET teachers’ professional bodies in the context of vocational and simulation-based training. The empirical material is based on ethnographic observations in three classes in two diferent vocational education programmes at two upper secondary schools in Sweden. Three diferent cases are presented and analysed as examples of how VET teachers’ professional bodies are enacted. Guided by a practice theory perspective (Schatzki, T. R. Social practices: a Wittgensteinian approach to human activity and the social (1996), Schatzki, T. R. The site of the social: A philosophical account of the constitution of social life and change (2002), Schatzki, T. R. & Natter, W. Sociocultural bodies, bodies sociopolitical. In T. R.Schatzki & W. Natter (Eds.), The social and political body (1996), the study shows that VET teachers’ professional bodies are enacted in multiples, distributed, and delegated in an interplay between the teachers, the students, the simulator, and its material set-up. In these enactments of professional bodies, VET teachers embody both a teacher identity and a previous vocational identity, which they perform simultaneously depending on the educational situation.

Hur går det till att bli lärare för vuxna? Vilka krav på kompetens finns för denna yrkesgrupp? Vad innebär det att vara lärare för vuxna i olika utbildningsformer och utifrån att deltagaren är just vuxen? Förutsättningarna för lärare i den kommunala vuxenutbildningen (komvux), yrkeshögskolan, folkhögskolan respektive studieförbunden varierar när det gäller bland annat kompetenskrav, uppdrag och handlingsutrymme. Att deltagarna är vuxna innebär ofta en större åldersspridning än i utbildning för barn och ungdomar, vilket också för med sig en större variation i bakgrunder och erfarenheter. Samtidigt handlar lärarens samspel med sina deltagare om relationer med andra vuxna och i den meningen jämbördiga medmänniskor. Allt detta innebär olika utmaningar och dilemman i arbetet.

Welcome to a new issue of the Nordic Journal of Vocational Education and Training. We continue to develop an open forum for research on vocational and professional education and training, with a particular focuson the Nordic con-texts. Our journal is published online, open access, and there are no submission or article processing charges, which means that anyone with access to the Inter-net also has access to the research findings we present.

Welcome to a new volume of the Nordic Journal of Vocational Education and Training. In this first issue of 2018 we are proud to present a new associate editor of our journal. Associate professor Hedvig Skonhoft Johannesen from OsloMet - Oslo Metropolitan University in Norway has joined the editorial group, and we look forward to fruitful cooperation with the journal. In this issue of NJVET we have seven contributions ￜ six peer-reviewed research articles and one magazine article ￜ from Sweden, Norway, and Denmark. The topics of the articles address assessment in empirical and analytical approaches, VET studentsￜ as well as teachersￜ boundary learning, digital storytelling as an approach to vocational didactics, drop out from vocational education, and finally the quality of vocational education.

This chapter has a particular focus on the observers’ role in simulation-based learning activities. Simulation-based learning is often organised so that participants rotates between active participation in the scenario and participation as observers. The research examples provided show that the conditions for learning are related to the locations where and the ways the observers are situated, and to how the instructions to the observers are formulated. Arguments are put forward that the observers’ role in simulation has unexploited potential for developing skills of noticing.

I det här kapitlet fokuserar vi på hur lärare resonerar om sitt agerande i relation till olika etiska dilemman som aktualiseras i arbetet med nyanlända. Kapitlet problematiserar gränssättning i arbetet och i mötet med utsatta grupper och lyfter yrkets relationella karaktär. Vi visar bland annat hur lärare ser på sin roll i relation till elevernas möjligheter att ta sig vidare i utbildningssystemet och att få stanna och etableras i Sverige.

Background

The rationale for introducing full-scale patient simulators in training to improve patient safety is to recreate clinical situations in a realistic setting. Although high-fidelity simulators mimic a wide range of human features, simulators differ from the body of a sick patient. The gap between the simulator and the human body implies a need for facilitators to provide information to help participants understand scenarios. The authors aimed at describing different methods that facilitators in our dataset used to provide such extra scenario information and how the different methods to convey information affected how scenarios played out.

Methods

A descriptive qualitative study was conducted to examine the variation of methods to deliver extra scenario information to participants. A multistage approach was employed. The authors selected film clips from a shared database of 31 scenarios from three participating simulation centers. A multidisciplinary research team performed a collaborative analysis of representative film clips focusing on the interplay between participants, facilitators, and the physical environment. After that, the entire material was revisited to further examine and elaborate the initial findings.

Results

The material displayed four distinct methods for facilitators to convey information to participants in simulation-based teamwork training. The choice of method had impact on the participating teams regarding flow of work, pace, and team communication. Facilitators’ close access to the teams’ activities when present in the simulation suite, either embodied or disembodied in the simulation, facilitated the timing for providing information, which was critical for maintaining the flow of activities in the scenario. The mediation of information by a loudspeaker or an earpiece from the adjacent operator room could be disturbing for team communication.

Conclusions

In-scenario instruction is an essential component of simulation-based teamwork training that has been largely overlooked in previous research. The ways in which facilitators convey information about the simulated patient have the potential to shape the simulation activities and thereby serve different learning goals. Although immediate timing to maintain an adequate pace is necessary for professionals to engage in training of medical emergencies, novices may gain from a slower tempo to train complex clinical team tasks systematically.

I kölvattnet av senaste årens migrationsrörelser har en rad olika initiativ tagits för att möjliggöra nyanländas etablering i det svenska samhället. En sådan insats har varit att på prov erbjuda gymnasieskolans språkintroduktionsprogram (SI) även på folkhögskola. Förhoppningen är att just denna utbildningsform är särskilt väl lämpad för nyanlända ungdomar. I denna forskningsrapport jämförs verksamheten inom SI såsom den bedrivs på två gymnasieskolor och två folkhögskolor. Analysen visar att folkhögskolans organisering av SI-verksamheten är mer flexibel och integrerad i övrig verksamhet, vilket också ger potential till en mer inkluderande undervisning.

Studien är del av forskningsprogrammet Migration, lärande och social inkludering, som genom en longitudinell forskningsdesign söker svar på frågan om hur olika sammanhang för (unga) vuxnas språkliga lärande bidrar till deras sociala inkludering. Programmet är ett samarbete mellan forskningsmiljöerna Vuxenpedagogik och folkbildning och Socialt arbete vid Linköpings universitet.

Popular education has a long history in Sweden, dating back to the mid-1800s and having developed in close relationship with the state. This relationship has been sustained over the years by the way popular education is spoken of as being “unique”—as being complementary to formal education. In this article, we focus on how the uniqueness of popular education is shaped today, and how it operates to legitimize further support. We draw on Barthes’ notion of myth, analyzing interviews with managers, principals, study circle leaders and teachers working with adult asylum seekers and refugees at study associations and folk high schools. We argue that the myth of the uniqueness of popular education is made up of three rhetorical figures that are mobilized by a range of actors legitimizing state support for popular education. The myth thus becomes a “tool” that commodifies popular education, that is, that turns the myth into monetary funds.

I föregående kapitel undersökte vi formella utbildningsinstitutioner och deras arbete för inkludering. I det här kapitlet går vi vidare med att undersöka icke-formella utbildningsinstitutioner. Mer specifikt handlar det om institutioner verksamma inom det bredare fältet folkbildning, och hur det kommer sig att just folkbildningen fått en sådan framskjuten roll när det gäller inkludering av nyanlända. Här fokuserar vi på den diskussion som framträder i vårt empiriska material, där folkbildningen och dess särart pekas ut. Just folkbildning ses som en god grund för att framgångsrikt jobba med nyanlända.

I detta projekt undersöker vi vilka sammanhang och aktiviteter som framträder som centrala för migranters sociala inkludering. Vi har följt 58 vuxna migranter i tre år och resultaten pekar på att det civila samhället spelar stor roll för deras bana mot inkludering. Vidare framträder migranternas bakgrund i termer av ålder, utbildning och yrkeserfarenhet som centrala faktorer som villkorar möjligheten till social inkludering.

Svenska(r) från dag ett är den andra forskningsrapporten i ABFs skriftserie folkbildning och forskning.

Rapporten beskriver folkbildningen och specifikt ABFs verksamhet för asylsökande i satsningen ”Svenska från dag ett”. Den tar upp hur verksamheten bidrar till migranters sociala inkludering, hur lärandet organiseras och den speciella ovissa situation som deltagaren befinner sig i samt hur det påverkar ledare och lärandet.

Den har tillkommit i samarbetet mellan ABF och Linköpings universitet och är en del av forskningsprogrammet Migration, lärande och social inkludering.

Sverige har ett unikt, väl utbyggt och förmånligt system för vuxnas studier och lärande. Vuxnas studiedeltagande är omfattande och sker i en rad olika sammanhang, bland annat kommunal vuxenutbildning, folkhögskola, yrkeshögskola, studiecirklar och högskola.

Om vuxenutbildning och vuxnas studier erbjuder läsaren en överblick över det svenska utbildningslandskapet för vuxna. Här introduceras läsaren inte bara för de olika utbildningssammanhangen, deras organisation och framväxt, utan även för olika pedagogiska och didaktiska begrepp med bäring på utbildning för vuxna. Det handlar till exempel om lärandeteorier och didaktik för vuxna, samt om normkritik och bedömning. Blicken riktas även mot frågor som berör granskning och uppföljning av vuxenutbildning, vilka lärarna och eleverna är och frågor om digitalisering av utbildning för vuxna.

Boken vänder sig till dig som är lärarstudent på ämnes- och yrkeslärarprogrammen eftersom du efter examen får behörighet för arbete inom komvux. Men även till dig som utbildar dig till sfi-lärare, jobbar inom komvux eller inom andra former av utbildning för vuxna. Eller som i övrigt har ett intresse för frågor om vuxnas studier och lärande.

En stor andel av den vuxna befolkningen i Sverige deltar i studier i olika sammanhang. Samtidigt är kunskapen om flera av dessa sammanhang begränsad, såväl hos politiska beslutsfattare som inom ramen för det bredare utbildningsvetenskapliga kunskapsområdet och på landets lärarutbildningar. I detta kapitel introducerar vi kunskapsområdet vuxnas studier, riktar blicken mot frågor om varför och för vad sådana studiesammanhang organiseras, samt hur forskningen kring sådana sammanhang ser ut i Sverige. Kapitlet avslutas med en introduktion av boken och dess kapitel.

Medan föregående kapitel handlande om deltagarna och deras ambitioner om inkludering, så handlar detta kapitel om lärarna och deras ambitioner att stötta deltagarna på deras väg mot inkludering. I kapitlet undersöker vi närmare bestämt hur lärare i språkintroduktion talar om sitt arbete med nyanlända elever och hur detta tal skapar olika lärarpositioner. Det är framför allt två lärarpositioner, positionen som den engagerade beskyddaren och positionen som den motvillige spärrvakten, som vi kan urskilja. Analysen visar att lärarna som vi mött i vår studie positionerar sig som något mer än enbart lärare i relation till sina elever, de framträder också som engagerade och viktiga vuxna i elevernas liv. Ämnet ger upphov till en rad angelägna frågor relaterade till etiska och moraliska dilemman i lärararbetet, vilka rör den professionella rollen som lärare, och som ytterst handlar om hur lärarna vill vara som människor i relation till sina elever.

Denna bok belyser och jämför flera gemensamma brännpunkter i kommunal vuxenutbildning, folkhögskola och högskola: till vilka utbildningarna riktas, hur de utformas didaktiskt, hur de studerande betygssätts och bedöms. Författarna använder konkreta exempel när de diskuterar bland annat utbildares och studerandes perspektiv på dessa områden. Boken riktar sig till blivande och verksamma personalvetare, yrkes- och studievägledare samt pedagoger.

This chapter illustrate how the social and material arrangements for interprofessional simulation produces different conditions for learning. The first section focuses on the emerging medical knowing, affective knowing and communicative knowing in the socio-material arrangements of three locations involved in the simulation, i.e. the simulation room, the observation room and the reflection room, during the course of events in the scenario. The second section focuses on emerging rhythms of collaboration. Different ways of relating to the manikin as a technical, medical and human body, and the relevance of these findings for simulation pedagogy are described.

This study analyses how teachers on a language introduction programme describe themselves as teachers, and how they position themselves in relation to newly arrived students and their schooling. We conducted a thematic analysis of interviews and observations with the teachers, using positioning theory. Our findings show that the teachers take four positions: compassionate helper, distancing oneself, reluctant gatekeeper and fostering for Swedishness. Teachers’ work is a balancing act between different dilemmas, positions and decisions, all of which have a significant impact on newly arrived students’ lives.

Today’s society is characterized by high unemployment, a prevailing trust in and demands for an academic degree, and an emphasis on the individual’s own responsibility for their educational choices. This study aims to examine adults’ vocational education choices, their intentions in connection with municipal adult education (MAE) studies, and how this relates to identity formation. The study is based on 18 interviews and compares students from two vocational MAE training programmes in assistant nursing and floor laying. The analysis has identified different pathways concerning adult students’ decisions to enrol in municipal adult education and a specific vocational education and training (VET) programme. We see educational choices and paths in terms of underlying causes or as forward-looking rationalities. The results show that the process of identity formation is larger than simply one of vocational becoming within a vocational community of practice, since MAE studies involve a student’s whole being, including both their personal identity trajectories and their vocational identity formation. With this article we hope to provide a foundation for a pedagogical discussion about student intentions, focusing on how different subjectivities affect students with regard to their future vocational becoming.

The professional knowledge of a forensic expert is highly specialized and a narrow professional area with high quality demands from the judicial system. How do you learn such special professional knowledge? How do you become a forensic expert? In this paper we present the findings from an ethnographical study of the only way to become a forensic expert in Sweden – an internal training program at the Swedish National Laboratory of Forensic Science (SKL). In other countries you learn to be a forensic expert through higher education. Previous research concerning learning forensic science or becoming a forensic expert are scarce. The aim of this paper is to explore the development of professional knowledge for future forensic experts. Specifically, the paper investigates how the forensic expert trainees’ learn through the internal training program within SKL focusing the supervision at work. We have conducted observations and informal/formal interviews with five forensic expert trainees’ and their supervisors. By drawing on a socio culturally perspective on learning it is possible to get an understanding of the forensic expert trainee’s learning trajectory and professional identity formation, as well as the activities of supervision. The findings show that processes of supervision, professional language and the interplay between internal training courses and learning integrated in everyday work are central in order to understand the process of becoming a forensic expert. SKL has an extensive internal training program within a quality assurance system. Despite this, the findings show that the socio cultural knowledge and traditions within the different work practices have a significant impact on how the supervision and thus, the learning processes are being shaped. Furthermore, a large part of the professional knowledge is tacit and this impose high and challenging demands on the quality of supervision since the practice of forensic work is a part of the Swedish judicial system.

The profession of a forensic expert is a narrow field in which professional knowledge is highly specialised and must meet the judicial system’s demand for high quality. How does one obtain such knowledge? And furthermore, how does one arrange for the necessary education and training to become a forensic expert? In Europe, professional training to become a forensic scientist is available through Forensic Science degree programs in universities (Welsh & Hannis, 2011). In this report, we present findings from an ethnographical study (Köpsén & Nyström, 2011, 2012) of the only formal way to become a forensic expert in Sweden: an internal training program at the Swedish National Laboratory of Forensic Science (SKL).

This report is based on a study with the overall aim of investigating future forensic experts’ learning of professional knowledge and professional identity formation. In the Swedish National Laboratory of Forensic Science (SKL), there is a structured internal training system for forensic expert trainees, which combines general forensic introductory courses for forensic experts with supervised learning in practice. The specific aim of the study was to investigate subject-specific supervision and how it interacts with the more general courses. The results of the study demonstrate that supervision and gradual learning in practice are crucial to the development of future professional forensic experts, and its interplay with the courses in the internal training program is poor. Our findings show there are different ways to understand and realise supervision. Therefore, the preconditions for learning professional forensic knowledge differ. We have presented these variations of learning in a model of supervision arrangements and relationships according to the distinctiveness of the learning and the relationship with the assigned supervisor and other forensic experts. Using examples of supervision, we have shown how various supervision activities relate to different aspects of learning and, thus, direct the learning of different aspects of professional knowledge. We have found that having a professional language is crucial to a skilled forensic expert, though the trainees’ development of such language is not comprehensive. From the findings, we can observe a “transitional movement” in how the supervision is staged, depending on the trainees’ experience, i.e., how long they have been trainees and their educational backgrounds. An additional finding is that the economic and material preconditions are significant as the conditions of supervising and learning.

The study explores the professional development of future forensic experts. Specifically, it investigates how the forensic expert trainees learn through the internal training program at the Swedish National Laboratory of Forensic Science with a focus on the supervision at work. The findings are drawn from an ethnographical study where five trainees and their supervisors have been observed and interviewed. By drawing on a socio cultural perspective on learning, the results show that supervision is crucial for professional development. Two types of activities and relations define how supervision is implemented. There is a “transitional movement” in how supervision is staged depending on the trainees’ gradual changes in participation in the work practice and increased experience. Forensic experts need skills and know-how to make wise and impartial judgments, i.e. a kind tacit professional practical knowledge, as well as the skill to communicate with other professionals. However, the development of a professional language is somewhat unspoken or planned. Becoming a forensic expert is a learning process in practice where supervision plays a decisive role in maintaining the professional knowledge in the judicial system. Therefore, supervision for supervising might be a valuable support for supervisors.

Supervision intended to support learning is of great interest in professional knowledge development. No single definition governs the implementation and enactment of supervision because of different conditions, intentions, and pedagogical approaches. Uncertainty exists at a time when knowledge and methods are undergoing constant development. This situation affects professions with high demands on precision and safety, and thus supervision and learning. The aim of this article is to explore the practice of supervision for learning professional knowledge of forensic specialists. The context is the Swedish National Laboratory of Forensic Science internal training program, which focuses on learning in daily work when the forensic trainee is assigned a supervisor. Ethnographic studies of supervisors and trainees in different forensic specialties were conducted. Practice theory is used to understand how supervision is planned and implemented to support professional development. Findings show that supervision by seasoned professional forensic specialists is significant for trainee learning. However, supervision is arranged, and performed differently, indicating various conditions for learning. Furthermore, the material set-ups of the professional practice prefigure the practice of supervision. Supervision is an area of expertise that needs to be cultivated and learned to maintain highly specialized professional knowledge in current time of change and uncertainty.

Studies on graduates’ transitions from education into clinical work highlight inequalities concerning how women and men experience their professional learning and development. This study explores how female and male students from different programs within the health care education system, i.e. medicine, nursing, occupational therapy and physiotherapy programmes, experience an IPTW as a part of their professional identity formation.

Students from the medicine, nursing, physiotherapy, and occupational therapy programmes collaborate in teams during two weeks at one of three IPTWs at the medical school, Linköping University. They together take the responsibility for diagnosis, treatment and rehabilitation of the patients, albeit with professional supervisors as support. During 2010 to 2011 454 (93%) of the 488 students who practiced at the IPTWs answered a questionnaire on their experiences of the IPTW. The students stated that the IPTW had positively influenced their professional development. The female and male medical students were significantly less positive than other female and male students, respectively, concerning the value of IPTW. The male students from all programmes were slightly, but significantly, less positive than all the female students. These findings show that students “do gender” as an integral part of the educational practice. It is important to scrutinize the IPTW as an educational practice, influencing students’ preparation for future work. Gender should be discussed during the IPTW rotation but also in general during the curriculum for all healthcare programmes.

Tidigare i boken har det uppmärksammats hur och varför folkbildningen har kommit att spela en viktig roll i arbetet med nyanlända. I detta kapitel undersöker vi hur folkbildningen, närmare bestämt studieförbundet ABF, konkret bedriver detta arbete. Mer specifikt undersöker vi de resurser ABF mobiliserar för att kunna genomföra arbetet, bland annat genom vittförgrenade nätverk och kontakter runtom i landet. Genom sin förankring på både nationell och lokal nivå kunde ABF snabbt svara upp mot de stora och akuta behov av insatser för asylsökande som uppstod under 2015.

In times of market reforms and international migration, the Swedish welfare model has been seriously challenged. In the context of the arrival of refugees in 2015-2017, the state turned to civil society in facing up to the challenges. In this article, we direct our attention to the Workers Educational Associations (ABF) state-funded work with refugees, with a specific focus on the activities conducted, the resources making them possible and the use-value of the resources mobilised. The article is based on observations and interviews with study circle leaders, managers and asylum seekers. The analysis illustrates that ABF, in line with its historical legacy, the broader workers movement, the strong notion of popular education as free and voluntary, has, with its well-established connections throughout the country, not solely taken on the task defined by the state. In solidarity, ABF has also responded to the needs of the refugees. As highlighted in the analysis, ABF has mobilized a wide range of resources, not least providing refugees with social networks and help in contacting the authorities. With such mobilization, opportunities were provided for the inclusion of refugees in Sweden.

Följande slutrapport redovisar resultaten från utvärderingen av mål, resultat och effekter i projektet #jagmed. Vi som har haft i uppdrag att göra utvärderingen är universitetslektor Sofia Nordmark, Institutionen för samhälls- och välfärdsstudier, universitetslektor Karolina Muhrman och universitetslektor Sofia Nyström (projektledare), Institutionen för beteendevetenskap och lärande, vid Linköpings universitet. Inom ramen för utvärderingsuppdraget har tidigare en uppstartsrapport och en halvtidsrapport presenterat tillvägagångssätt och processer i #jagmed (Nordmark & Nyström, 2017) och en halvtidsrapport (Muhrman, Nordmark & Nyström, 2017).

Utvärderingsarbetet inleddes 2016 med inläsning av projektdokument, planer och program. Därefter utvecklades designen för utvärderingen genom urval och precisering av frågeställningar. Kontakter etablerades med läns- och delprojekt och en första datainsamling i form interaktiva workshopar på länsnivå, samt en omgång med intervjuer i de fem projekt som valts ut för fördjupningsstudier genomfördes. Under 2017 genomfördes en enkätundersökning för samtliga projektmedarbetare, en andra omgång av interaktiva workshopar på länsnivå samt två omgångar med intervjuer av projektledare och projektmedarbetare, i de fem fördjupningsprojekten. Under våren 2018 genomfördes en andra enkätundersökning, en tredje omgång med workshopar på länsnivå, ytterligare en intervjuomgång med fördjupningsprojekten samt avslutande intervjuer med de regionala projektledarna. I denna rapport presenteras utvärderingens sammantagna resultat.

Rapporten inleds med en beskrivning av utvärderingsuppdragets syfte och frågeställningar. Därefter följer en bakgrundsöversikt till #jagmed-projektet, samt tidigare forskning och litteratur kring studieavbrott, skolavhopp, organisering av insatser för att motverka studieavbrott och organisering av utvecklingsprojekt. I rapportens tredje del presenteras de metoder och tillvägagångssätt som har använts för utvärderingen samt en tidsaxel över utvärderingens datainsamling. Vi beskriver också hur återkoppling av resultat har skett under utvärderingen samt vilka avstämningspunkter som har skett med uppdragsgivare och lokala projekt. Därefter följer ett avsnitt där resultat och analys av det insamlade materialet presenteras utifrån syftet med utvärderingen. Avslutningsvis diskuteras resultat och effekter av #jagmed och några avslutande slutsatser kring vad som varit framgångsfaktorer och hinder för projektens arbete.

Följande halvtidsrapport syftar till att redogöra för hur arbetet går med projekten inom #jagmed, samt att utvärdera och diskutera de mål, resultat och effekter som har uppnåtts i projekten så här långt. Denna rapport bygger till vissa delar på den uppstartsrapport som Nordmark och Nyström levererade i januari 2017. Vi som har i uppdrag att utvärdera projektet #jagmed är universitetslektor Sofia Nordmark, Institutionen för samhälls- och välfärdsstudier, universitetslektor Karolina Muhrman och universitetslektor Sofia Nyström (projektledare), Institutionen för beteendevetenskap och lärande, vid Linköpings universitet.

Under hösten 2016 har utvärderingsarbetet främst bestått av inläsning av projektdokument, planer och program, att utveckla designen för utvärderingen genom urval och preciserade frågeställningar, att etablera kontakter med läns- och delprojekt samt att genomföra en första datainsamling i form av en runda med interaktiva workshopar på länsnivå, samt en omgång med intervjuer i de utvalda fördjupningsprojekten. Under våren 2017 genomfördes en enkätundersökning för samtliga projektmedarbetare, samt en andra omgång med intervjuer av projektledare och projektmedarbetare, i de fem projekt som valts ut för fördjupningsstudier. Under hösten 2017 har utvärderingsarbetet bestått av en andra omgång av interaktiva workshopar på länsnivå, samt en tredje omgång med intervjuer i de fem fördjupningsprojekten.

Rapporten inleds med en beskrivning av utvärderingsuppdragets syfte och frågeställningar. Därefter följer en kort beskrivning av utvärderarnas arbete med bakgrundsöversikten till #jagmed-projektet, samt tidigare forskning och litteratur kring studieavbrott, skolavhopp, organisering av insatser för att motverka studieavbrott och organisering av utvecklingsprojekt. I rapportens tredje del presenteras val av metoder, tillvägagångssätt och en tidsplan för utvärderingens datainsamling, plan för återkoppling av resultat och avstämningspunkter med uppdragsgivare och lokala projekt. Därefter följer ett avsnitt där resultat presenteras utifrån syftet med utvärderingen. I den sista delen avslutas rapporten ed en diskussion kring resultat och effekter, samt avslutande rekommendationer.

A central part of Swedish vocational teachers’ work concerns their students’ work-based learning (WBL). The focus of this article is the character of the relational work carried out by teachers of vocational education and training (VET) concerning WBL. The qualitative study is based on 15 interviews with teachers on the upper-secondary level Child and Recreation, Building and Construction, and Handicraft programmes. The study is based on a situated learning perspective, and uses the concepts of community of practice, broker and boundary crossing. The findings highlight three central aspects of VET teachers’ relational work with WBL: recruiting workplaces for WBL, matchmaking between students and workplaces, and ‘firefighting’ to prevent and deal with problems that occur during WBL periods. The study contributes to the understanding of the work of VET teachers, as they cross the blurred boundaries between school and working life and strive to create a good learning environment for all students during WBL periods.

De handledare som yrkeselever möter under det arbetsplatsförlagda lärandet (apl) är viktiga för lärandets kvalitet på arbetsplatsen, och hur samarbetet mellan skolan och arbetsplatsen utvecklas. Kapitlet fokuserar på handledare på arbetsplatser och hur deras handledning stödjer elevers lärande på arbetsplatsen inom ramen för yrkesutbildning. Vi utgår från aktuell forskning kring handledning för att diskutera de didaktiska och pedagogiska överväganden som handledare kan behöva göra för att stödja elevers lärande under apl.

The purpose of this paper is to draw on the research and scholarly literature to explore the changing discourses and perspectives concerning adult learning, education, and the labour market in the employability regime. The focus of the nalysis is a Nordic context. The dominant employability regime maintains a technical-rational perspective on learning and employability. Education is predominantly regarded as an instrumental preparation for the labour market. The future demands of the labour market are largely unknown, however, and vocational and professional training may not provide sufficient preparation for the increasing complexities of work. Theoretical discussions have been dominated by an alleged mismatch between individual competence and the qualifications that are required in the world of work. There is no consensus regarding how the gap should be described, explained, or bridged. New demands on educational design have emerged, and ideas related to liberal education and ‘bildung’ have been reinserted into the political agenda, offering general preparation for a wider array of challenges.

Under de senaste årtionden har det både i forskning och i praktik varit ett ökat fokus på lärande i arbete (e.g. Boud & Garrick, 1999). Det ökade intresset för lärande i arbetslivet kan bland annat förklaras med stora förändringar på arbetsmarknaden där innovationer, utveckling av ny kunskap och ökad konkurrens ställer ökade krav på organisationer att vara flexibla när det gäller vilken kunskap och kompetens som finns hos de anställda i organisationen (Brown, Hesketh &Williams, 2003; Nilsson & Ellström, 2011). Förändringar på samhällsnivå samspelar med och påverkar organisationers behov av kompetens och lärande i relation till sin verksamhet. Ytterligare en utmaning för organisationer inom offentlig sektor är att allt fler verksamheter blivit eller organiseras som om de vore konkurrensutsatta. Denna utveckling innebär att medarbetarnas kompetens på ett tydligare sätt utgör en av organisationens konkurrensfördelar som behövs för att säkerställa att organisationen är effektiv i relation till dess begränsade resurser och kan möta kunders eller brukares förväntningar på ett bättre sätt än konkurrenterna (Almqvist, 2004). Sveriges kommuner och landsting (SKL) poängterar att kompetensförsörjningsfrågorna har fått stor uppmärksamhet och att många kommuner har svårigheter med att förse sina verksamheter med kompetent arbetskraft (Östlund, 2012). Kompetensväxeln kan ses som ett projekt som tillkommit mot bakgrund av dessa utmaningar som ett sätt att genom olika aktiviteter och samarbetsformer bidra till att kommunerna klarar av att möta generationsväxling av personal och fortsätta att erbjuda högkvalitativa välfärdstjänster av kunniga och motiverade  medarbetare och chefer (Jonsson, 2012).

This paper compile four studies focusing graduates’ trajectories towards becoming professionals as they enter working life with a master’s degree in Psychology and Political Science. The result builds on a longitudinal design where graduates’ have been interviewed on three occasions; the last semester before graduation to the third year of professional work. The theoretical framework comprises a situated and social learning theory. The results indicate that becoming a professional is a dynamic learning process between a reflective individual, the interaction with a professional practice as well as a relationship between other spheres of life. This is also a process of professional identity formation influenced by the individuals’ belonging to and participation in other practices and closely related to a gender identity. It is through the negotiations between personal and socially derived imperatives that identity formation progresses throughout working life.

The study has a longitudinal design where Political Science and Psychology graduates’ have been interviewed on three consecutive occasions; the last semester before graduation, the first year and then, in the third year of professional work. The theoretical frame of reference comprises a situated and social learning theory and a gender perspective. These theories were chosen since they elaborate on concepts such as identity, practice, participation and learning.

The results indicate that becoming a professional is not an isolated phenomenon merely learned and nurtured in higher education and/or in working life. It is emphasised as a dynamic learning process between a reflective individual, the interaction with a professional practice as well as a relationship between other spheres of life, e.g. the personal and the private. The graduates’ professional trajectories can be characterised by a movement from appropriating new knowledge to a need to change direction, e.g. new work tasks or professional fields. This is also a process of professional identity formation. The graduates’ professional identity is emphasised as being both closely related to a gender identity and influenced by the individuals’ belonging to and participation in other practices. The results thus indicate that professional identity formation is an interplay between different spheres of life that changes over time. By using a longitudinal design, it can be claimed that becoming a professional requires balancing one’s whole life situation.