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  • 1.
    Al Haji, Ghazwan
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Science and Technology, Communications and Transport Systems. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Fowler, Scott
    Linköping University, Department of Science and Technology, Communications and Transport Systems. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Andersson Granberg, Tobias
    Linköping University, Department of Science and Technology, Communications and Transport Systems. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Smart traffic calming measures for smart cities: a pre-study2018Report (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    Traffic calming measures, such as speed bumps and elevated crossing points, are used to reduce speed, to prevent overtaking and generally contribute to a safer traffic situation. However, they might also cause increased response times for rescue vehicles (e.g. ambulances or fire trucks). An alternative to the conventional traffic calming measures is so-called smart traffic calming measures. These can determine when a vehicle approaches, whose journey should not be hindered, and adjust to allow for free passage for this vehicle.

    This report gives an overview of the problem, and some examples of smart  traffic calming measures are discussed. Special focus is put on the wireless communication necessary to detect emergency vehicles. Furthermore, existing challenges and possible solutions for traffic calming measures and the communication needed to make them smart are discussed.

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    Smart traffic calming measures for smart cities - a pre-study
  • 2.
    Andersson Granberg, Tobias
    Linköping University, Department of Science and Technology, Communications and Transport Systems. Linköping University, The Institute of Technology.
    How to very quickly solve a staffing and dispatching problem for fire and rescue services2010Conference paper (Other academic)
  • 3.
    Andersson Granberg, Tobias
    Linköping University, Department of Science and Technology, Communications and Transport Systems. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Optimized Dispatch of Fire and Rescue Resources2022In: COMPUTATIONAL LOGISTICS (ICCL 2022), SPRINGER INTERNATIONAL PUBLISHING AG , 2022, Vol. 13557, p. 132-146Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    A dispatching problem for fire and rescue services is considered, where firefighters have to be allocated to vehicles, and vehicles dispatched to an emergency. A mathematical model for the problem is formulated, capable of managing multiple alarm plans for each emergency considered. The model is solved both exactly and heuristically, using input data from a fire and rescue service area in Skane, Sweden. The results show that the exact solution method might be too time consuming in some cases, but that the heuristic in most cases finds the optimal solution.

  • 4.
    Andersson Granberg, Tobias
    Linköping University, Department of Science and Technology, Communications and Transport Systems. Linköping University, The Institute of Technology.
    Preparedness Measures for Emergency and Disaster Response2013In: Humanitarian and Relief Logistics: Research Issues, Case Studies and Future Trends / [ed] Vasileios Zeimpekis, Soumia Ichoua, Ioannis Minis, Springer-Verlag New York, 2013, p. 59-75Chapter in book (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Quantitative preparedness measures can be used to calculate the level of preparedness for handling disasters or emergencies. They are useful for evaluating plans and preparations, and for comparing areas and organizations with each other. This chapter gives an introduction to the construction and use of such measures, and proposes a general methodology that can be applied when developing them. The methodology is exemplified on two case studies, the first concerning disaster preparedness, and the second daily events. In the first case study, a hurricane disaster risk index is developed to compare the preparedness for handling hurricanes in different counties. The second case study describes the development and validation of a preparedness measure for emergency medical services, which is used to support decisions about ambulance dispatch and relocation.

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  • 5.
    Andersson Granberg, Tobias
    Linköping University, Department of Science and Technology. Linköping University, The Institute of Technology.
    Solving the flight perturbation problem with meta heuristics2006In: Journal of Heuristics, ISSN 1381-1231, E-ISSN 1572-9397, Vol. 12, no 1-2, p. 37-53Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    When there is a perturbation in a carefully constructed aircraft schedule, e.g. an aircraft breakdown, it is important to minimize the negative consequences of this disturbance. Here, a tabu search and a simulated annealing approach to the flight perturbation problem are presented. The heuristics use a tree-search algorithm to find new schedules for the aircraft, and utilize a path relinking strategy to explore paths between structurally different solutions. The computational results indicate that the solution strategies, especially the tabu search, can be successfully used to solve the flight perturbation problem.

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    FULLTEXT02
  • 6.
    Andersson Granberg, Tobias
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Science and Technology, Communications and Transport Systems. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Axelsson, Peter
    Linköping University, Department of Science and Technology, Communications and Transport Systems. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Petersson, Jonas
    Linköping University, Department of Science and Technology, Communications and Transport Systems. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Polishchuk, Tatiana
    Linköping University, Department of Science and Technology, Communications and Transport Systems. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Polishchuk, Valentin
    Linköping University, Department of Science and Technology, Communications and Transport Systems. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Schmidt, Christiane
    Linköping University, Department of Science and Technology, Communications and Transport Systems. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Configuration and Planning of the Remote TowerModules in a Remote Tower Center2016Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Today, many small aerodromes struggle withfinancial difficulties, and a large cost is air traffic control.Remote tower centers, which remotely provide air traffic servicesto aerodromes, can help reduce this cost. Each center maycontain a number of remote tower modules, where each moduleis manned by a controller that can handle one or moreaerodromes. In this paper we present the remote tower centerconcept and develop a model that optimizes the assignment ofairports to the remote tower modules. Computational results fora possible scenario based on real data for Swedish airports arepresented.

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  • 7.
    Andersson Granberg, Tobias
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Science and Technology, Communications and Transport Systems. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Danielsson, Niklas
    Linköping University, Center for Advanced Research in Emergency Response (CARER). Geotelix AB.
    Fredriksson, Anna
    Linköping University, Department of Science and Technology, Communications and Transport Systems. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Nordström, Johan
    Räddningstjänsten Östra Götaland.
    Pilemalm, Sofie
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Information Systems. Linköping University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences.
    Tjernström, Richard
    Norrköping Municipality.
    Yousefi Mojir, Kayvan
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Information Systems. Linköping University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences.
    Using Semi-professionals in Emergency Response2016In: Proceedings of the 13th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management / [ed] Andrea H. Tapia, Pedro Antunes, Victor A. Bañuls, Kathleen Moore and João Porto de Albuquerque, 2016, p. 1-6Conference paper (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    The term semi-professional can be used to denote occupational groups that do not have emergency response as their primary profession but who get additional responsibilities within rescue and response, e.g. by performing a first response or assisting the professional emergency services. In this study, four different groups of possible semi-professional resources are analyzed and compared. Similarities and differences between the four groups are discussed. Factors, important for the successful implementation of a cross-sector collaboration of this kind, are highlighted. The preliminary results show that all four groups have the potential to act as semi-professional resources within emergency response. Interestingly, the basic requirements are the same for all groups, despite different prerequisites.

  • 8.
    Andersson Granberg, Tobias
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Science and Technology, Communications and Transport Systems. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Erlander, Sara
    Linköping University.
    Fredman, David
    Heartrunner Sweden AB.
    Olovsson, Lovisa
    Linköping University.
    Persson, Emma
    Linköping University.
    Predicting Volunteer Travel Time to Emergencies2022In: ISCRAM 2022 Conference Proceedings – 19th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management / [ed] Rob Grace; Hossein Baharmand, 2022, p. 44-54Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    A model is developed, which can predict the travel time for volunteers that are dispatched as first responders to emergencies. Specifically, the case of lay responders to out of hospital cardiac arrest is studied. Positions from historical responses is used to estimate the real response times, which are used to train and evaluate the new travel time model. The new model considers the road network and the transport mode most likely used by the volunteers. The results for the new model are compared to a model used in an existing volunteer initiative. They show that the new model can make better predictions in 59.7% of the cases. This can be used directly as a base for improving the travel time estimates in existing volunteer initiatives, and to improve the input data to the continuously evolving volunteer resource management systems. 

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  • 9.
    Andersson Granberg, Tobias
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Science and Technology, Communications and Transport Systems. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Fredriksson, Anna
    Linköping University, Department of Science and Technology, Communications and Transport Systems. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Pilemalm, Sofie
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Information Systems and Digitalization. Linköping University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences.
    Yousefi Mojir, Kayvan
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Information Systems and Digitalization. Linköping University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences.
    Effektivt sambruk av kommunala resurser för ökad säkerhet och trygghet2017Report (Other academic)
    Abstract [sv]

    Användandet av så kallade semiprofessionella resurser i räddningsinsatser har blivit allt vanligare i Sverige. En semiprofessionell är en person som fått utökade arbetsuppgifter inom respons och räddning inom ramen för sitt ordinarie yrke. Det kanske mest kända exemplet är väktare som responderar på den kommunala räddningstjänstens ärenden.

    I det projekt som avrapporteras här, är syftet att undersöka vilka yrkesgrupper som skulle passa bra som semiprofessionella, och vad som krävs för att de effektivt ska kunna utföra de nya arbetsuppgifterna, bland annat i form av utbildning och utrustning. Vidare syftar projektet till att utvärdera vilken samhällsnytta semiprofessionella kan bidra med. Som studieobjekt används Norrköpings kommun, och via en aktionsforskningsinspirerad metodansats är målet att projektresultaten ska kunna bidra till en ökad säkerhet och trygghet i kommunen.

    En kombination av kvalitativa och kvantitativa metoder används för att uppnå syftet. Genom workshops identifieras först fyra potentiella yrkesgrupper (räddningstjänstens dagtidspersonal, hemtjänstpersonal, förvaltningsentreprenörer och väktare), för vilka detaljerad data erhålls via fokusgruppsintervjuer. En grupp (räddningstjänstens dagtidspersonal) väljs ut för vidare analys, och ytterligare en workshop genomförs, plus ett experiment i form av en simulerad olycka där semiprofessionella får göra en första insats. En prototyp av ett utlarmningssystem tas fram, inklusive en smartphoneapplikation som de semiprofessionella kan använda för att ta emot och hantera larm. Med hjälp av applikationen utförs ett experiment där historiska larm skickas till potentiella semiprofessionella under två månaders tid, och de får svara på om de kan åka eller inte, samtidigt som deras position noteras. Genom att jämföra deltagarnas uppskattade insatstider med räddningstjänstens historiska, kan möjliga insatstidsförkortningar beräknas. Detta kompletteras med en bedömning av vad de kan bidra med i respektive händelse.

    Bedömningen görs enligt en strukturerad metod av professionell personal från två olika räddningstjänstorganisationer. De beräknade insatstiderna och den skattade förmågan vägs samman till en monetär nytta av den semiprofessionella insatsen.

    Resultatet visar att det finns ett stort antal yrkesgrupper som skulle kunna vara lämpliga att nyttja som semiprofessionella. I rapporten redovisas en lista med 23 grupper som anses ha potential och möjlighet att utföra räddningsinsatser som en del av sitt yrke. Vidare redovisas ett antal utmaningar och möjligheter, baserat på analysen av de fyra utvalda grupperna. En konkret sammanställning har gjorts i form av listor på utbildning och utrustning som krävs för att de effektivt kunna utföra sitt nya uppdrag. Dessa krav är förhållandevis enkla att uppfylla, och handlar om grundläggande utbildning i riskbedömning, brandsläckning och livräddande åtgärder, samt utrustning som tex handbrandsläckare och förbandslåda. Mer utmanande är de organisatoriska förändringar som är nödvändiga för att de semiprofessionella akut ska kunna lämna sina pågående arbetsuppgifter, samt hur utlarmningen ska kunna integreras i de tekniska system som används för professionella räddningsresurser. Vidare visar resultaten att semiprofessionella kan larmas, och förväntas göra nytta på en stor mängd olika typer av händelser, dock främst vid händelser med personskador eller akuta sjukdomsförlopp. Den monetära nyttan av att införa ett fåtal (i snitt 3,4 st) semiprofessionella i Norrköping och Linköpings kommuner beräknades till mellan 600 000 och 2 400 000 kr per år, beroende på hur lång tid det tar för de semiprofessionella ifrån att de får larm tills de påbörjar färden mot händelseplatsen.

    En slutsats från projektet är att semiprofessionella skulle bidra till en ökad säkerhet och trygghet i Norrköping kommun, om de används som förstainsatsresurser, som ett komplement till befintlig professionell räddningspersonal.

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    Effektivt sambruk av kommunala resurser för ökad säkerhet och trygghet
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  • 10.
    Andersson Granberg, Tobias
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Science and Technology, Communications and Transport Systems. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering. CARER.
    Granlund, Rego
    SICS East Swedish ICT AB, Sweden.
    Lindborg, Jonas
    Linköping University, Department of Science and Technology, Media and Information Technology. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Ulander, Anna
    Linköping University, Department of Science and Technology, Communications and Transport Systems. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering. CARER.
    Dynamisk planering av räddningstjänst2014Report (Other academic)
    Abstract [sv]

    Dynamisk planering innebär bland annat att brandmännen delar in sig i mindre grupper än traditionellt. Dessa kan då arbeta förebyggande med utbildning eller placeras strategiskt till exempel i närheten av olycksdrabbade vägsträckor, för att snabbare kunna nå fram till en olycksplats. Då en olycka inträffar larmas de brandmän som snabbast kan nå fram, och det kan vara nödvändigt att larma flera olika grupper.

    En utmaning vid dynamisk planering är att planeringssituationen blir svårare. Det är inte längre självklart vilka brandmän som ska larmas till en viss olycka. Det kan också vara svårt att hitta de bästa placeringarna för brandmän som snabbt ska kunna göra en insats.

    I projektet har vi utvecklat och utvärderat datorbaserade verktyg som kan stödja dynamisk planering av räddningstjänst.

    Bland verktygen finns en beredskapskalkylator med tillhörande visualisering, vilken beräknar beredskapen som en funktion av tiden det tar för de nödvändiga resurserna att nå fram till en viss typ av olycka och sannolikheten för att olyckan ska inträffa i närområdet. Ett annat verktyg kan ge förslag på vilka resurser som bör skickas till en olycksplats för att de ska komma fram så fort som möjligt. Ett tredje verktyg kan ge förslag på hur fordon och personal dynamiskt bör placeras för att beredskapen ska förbättras, dvs. de ska kunna nå fram så fort som möjligt till de platser där det är störst sannolikhet att en olycka kommer att inträffa.

    Verktygen har utvärderats genom två experimentserier. I experimenten testades mänskligt beslutsfattande i en simulerad räddningstjänstmiljö. I den första serien fick personal från olika räddningstjänster prova på dynamisk planering utan hjälp av de datorbaserade verktygen. I den andra serien fick andra räddningstjänster köra samma scenarier, men då ta hjälp av de i projektet utvecklade verktygen.

    Resultaten visar att verktygen kan hjälpa räddningstjänsten med planeringen av beredskapen, men också att det finns risk att detta sker på bekostnad av att planeringen tar något längre tid. En tydlig majoritet av de deltagande räddningstjänstbefälen var positivt inställda till de utvecklade verktygen och tyckte verktyg av detta slag skulle kunna hjälpa dem i det dagliga arbetet.

    Resultaten tydliggör också att olika personer – till och med nära kollegor inom samma räddningstjänst – uppfattar begreppet beredskap på olika sätt. Det visade sig dock att beredskapsvisualiseringen kan bidra till att denna skillnad i uppfattning minskar; i den andra experimentserien, där de hade tillgång till detta verktyg, minskade variationerna i bedömningarna och deltagarnas uppfattningar stämde bättre överens med den beräknade beredskapen.

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  • 11.
    Andersson Granberg, Tobias
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Science and Technology, Communications and Transport Systems. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Grönbäck, Anna-Maria
    Linköping University.
    Johansson, Magnus
    Karlstads universitet.
    Waldemarsson, Martin
    Linköping University, Department of Science and Technology, Communications and Transport Systems. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Plattform för analys av förmågan att hantera händelser med avseende på ett förändrat klimat (PAKT)2023Report (Other academic)
    Abstract [sv]

    För att kunna hantera framtida klimatrelaterade händelser behöver samhällets beredskap anpassas och sannolikt utökas. Kunskapsläget över vilken förmåga som behövs för att hantera risker i ett förändrat klimat behöver sammanställas och framtida behov behöver jämföras mot nuvarande beredskapsnivåer för att identifiera lämpliga åtgärder. En analys behöver göras kring eventuella brister, utifrån vilken åtgärder sedan kan prioriteras och vidtas avseende olika delar i förmågan att hantera händelser, bland annat avseende tillhandahållande av statliga förstärkningsresurser. Denna studie analyserar vilken systematik som kan vara aktuell för att möjliggöra sådana analyser och utredningar.

    Studiens övergripande syfte är att ge förslag kring hur bedömningar kan göras om framtidens behov av statliga förstärkningsresurser i syfte att möta framtidens klimatrelaterade risker. Detta inkluderar en sammanställning av kunskapsläget kring risker och scenarion avseende framtida naturhändelser utifrån ett klimatförändringsperspektiv, med information om var mer kunskap kan hittas. Det inkluderar också att titta på metoder för att dels analysera behov av förmåga på olika nivåer att hantera de klimatrelaterade riskerna och dels hur dimensionering av förmåga kan göras för att möta behovet.

    Studien består av två delar. I del 1 ges en sammanställning av kunskapsläget om riskbilder och scenarion i Sverige vad gäller framtida naturhändelser utifrån ett klimatförändringsperspektiv och tidsperioden fram till ca år 2100. I del 2 presenteras initialt ett konceptuellt ramverk för kartläggning av beredskap uppdelat i fyra huvuddomäner: Behov, Resurs, Styrning och Beroenden. Baserat på ramverket presenteras därefter en metodik för att analysera samhällets förmåga att hantera framtida händelser i ett förändrat klimat. För att kunna identifiera en lämplig framtida beredskapsnivå, behöver samhällets förmåga att hantera händelser gentemot en framtida riskbild analyseras. Del 2 fokuserar på hur relevanta myndigheter ska kunna gå tillväga för att göra en sådan analys som slutligen kan utgöra beslutsunderlag avseende framtida beredskap. Avslutningsvis ges ett exempel på hur metoden kan användas där händelsen skogsbrand, av omfattningen att nationella förstärkningsresurser i form av MSBs upphandlade helikoptrar och flygplan för skogsbrandbekämpning kan bli aktuella att nyttja, utgör själva händelsen.

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  • 12.
    Andersson Granberg, Tobias
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Science and Technology. Linköping University, The Institute of Technology.
    Gustafsson, Anna
    Linköping University, Department of Science and Technology. Linköping University, The Institute of Technology.
    Lokalisering av räddningstjänstresurser i Östergötland2010Report (Other academic)
    Abstract [sv]

    Lokalisering av brandstationer har historiskt sett i många fall baserats på tradition, sunt förnuft och de kommungränser som bestämmer ansvarsområdet för den kommunala räddningstjänsten. Med detta som bakgrund uppdrogs till Linköpings universitet att undersöka hur brand- och räddningsresurserna i Östergötland borde lokaliseras om ingen hänsyn tas till nuvarande kommungränser och organisationer för räddningstjänst.

    I detta projekt utvecklas en matematisk modell för att ta fram underlag för hur brand- och räddningsresurserna i Östergötlands län skall placeras för att minimera insatstiderna till trafik- och brandolyckor inom länet. Modellen minimerar en sammanvägning av tiden det tar för en första enhet att nå en viss olycka, den så kallade förstainsatsen, och tiden det tar för tillräckligt med resurser för att utgöra en full styrka att nå olyckan. Exempel på en full styrka för trafikolyckor är i modellen en släckbil och fem personer. Ett antal olika scenarier konstrueras och en mängd lösningar skapas för att ta fram så bra och generella lokaliseringsförslag som möjligt. I samråd med Räddningstjänsten Östra Götaland väljs 10 scenarion ut för närmare analys. Scenarierna skiljer sig åt i sammansättningen av olika värden på parametrar och olika resursegenskaper.

    Det som framförallt visar sig skilja resultatmässigt mellan de optimerade resultaten jämfört med nuläget är andelen olyckor som kan nås inom 10 minuter. Andelen olyckor som kan nås av en förstainsatsenhet inom 10 min ökar från 74 % till 84 % i ett scenario, och andelen olyckor som kan nås av en full styrka ökar i samma scenario från 64 % till 79 %. Medelinsatstiderna för förstainsats och full styrka i samma scenario minskar med drygt 20 %. Vid en reduktion av antalet tillgängliga enheter kan en optimerad lösning ge ett bättre resultat med avseende på täckningsgrad inom 10 minuter och medelinsatstid, samt likvärdigt med avseende på täckningsgrad inom 20 minuter, som dagens läge.

    Lokaliseringen av resurser i de optimerade lösningarna skiljer sig något mellan de olika scenarierna, men tillräckligt många gemensamma komponenter finns för att det ska vara möjligt att dra slutsatser kring vilka platser i länet som, enligt modellen, bör ha en brandresurs i närområdet. I många fall överensstämmer modellens förslag med den nuvarande lokaliseringen, men de förändringar som görs i de optimerade lösningarna skulle ändå kunna bidra till en markant sänkning av den förväntade insatstiden till brand‐ och trafikolyckor i Östergötlands län.

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    Lokalisering av räddningstjänstresurser i Östergötland
  • 13.
    Andersson Granberg, Tobias
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Science and Technology, Communications and Transport Systems. Linköping University, The Institute of Technology.
    Gustafsson, Anna
    Linköping University, Department of Science and Technology, Communications and Transport Systems. Linköping University, The Institute of Technology.
    Using variable neighborhood search to locate fire and rescue resources for Räddningstjänsten Östra Götaland2011Conference paper (Refereed)
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    Extended abstract
  • 14.
    Andersson Granberg, Tobias
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Science and Technology, Communications and Transport Systems. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Jonson, Carl-Oscar
    Linköping University, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Division of Surgery, Orthopedics and Oncology. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Region Östergötland, Regionledningskontoret, Center for Disaster Medicine and Traumatology.
    Prytz, Erik
    Linköping University, Department of Computer and Information Science, Human-Centered systems. Linköping University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences.
    Steins, Krisjanis
    Linköping University, Department of Science and Technology, Communications and Transport Systems. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Waldemarsson, Martin
    Linköping University, Department of Science and Technology, Communications and Transport Systems. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Sensor Requirements for Logistics Analysis of Emergency Incident Sites2020In: Proceedings of the 17th ISCRAM Conference / [ed] Amanda Lee Hughes, Fiona McNeill, Christopher Zobe, Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management , 2020, p. 952-960Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Using sensors to collect data at emergency incident sites can facilitate analysis of the logistic operations. This can be used to improve planning and preparedness for new operations. Furthermore, real-time information from the sensors can serve as operational decision support. In this work in progress, we investigate the requirements on the sensors, and on the sensor data, to facilitate such an analysis. Through observations of exercises, the potential of using sensors for data collection is explored, and the requirements are considered. The results show that the potential benefits are significant, especially for tracking patients, and understanding the interaction between the response actors. However, the sensors need to be quite advanced in order to capture the necessary data.

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  • 15.
    Andersson Granberg, Tobias
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Science and Technology, Communications and Transport Systems. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Lundberg, Jonas
    Linköping University, Department of Science and Technology, Media and Information Technology. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Ulander, Anna
    Linköping University, Department of Science and Technology, Communications and Transport Systems. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Rego, Granlund
    SICS Swedish ICT, Linkoping, Sweden.
    Supporting dispatch decisions for the fire and rescue services2015In: 2015 IEEE 18th International Conference on Intelligent Transportation Systems, IEEE conference proceedings, 2015, p. 2562-2567Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Decision support tools for efficient dispatching of fire and rescue resources are developed and evaluated. The tools can give suggestions about which resources to dispatch to new accidents, and help the decision makers in evaluating the current preparedness for handling future accidents. The tools are evaluated using simulation game based experiments, with players from the fire and rescue services. The results indicate that the tools can help the fire and rescue services in identifying the closest resources to new accidents, and to select resources that preserve the preparedness in the area. However, the results also indicate that there is a risk that the tools increase the decision time. 

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  • 16.
    Andersson Granberg, Tobias
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Science and Technology, Communications and Transport Systems. Linköping University, The Institute of Technology.
    Munoz, Ander Oquillas
    Linköping University, Department of Science and Technology, Communications and Transport Systems. Linköping University, The Institute of Technology.
    Developing key performance indicators for airports2013Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    We develop a set of airport key performance indicators, i.e. a set of measures that can be used to monitor and manage an airport, giving indications of the current state of the operations and supporting improvement work. By reviewing previous relevant work, the airport is divided into five activity areas (operations, economy, environmental issues, safety and security, costumer service), and for each area an initial set of indicators is selected. These indicators are then ranked by airport managers in Sweden and Spain, using a questionnaire based survey. Using the ranking as a base, a final set of indicators is constructed with the aim that is should be manageable, easy to interpret and useful for analyzing the entire airport.

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  • 17.
    Andersson Granberg, Tobias
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Science and Technology, Communications and Transport Systems. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Nguyen, Ngoc Hien Thi
    Linköping University, Department of Science and Technology, Communications and Transport Systems. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    SIMULATION BASED PREDICTION OF THE NEAR-FUTURE EMERGENCY MEDICAL SERVICES SYSTEM STATE2018In: 2018 WINTER SIMULATION CONFERENCE (WSC), IEEE , 2018, p. 2542-2553Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    An ambulance dispatcher decides which ambulances to allocate to new calls, and how to relocate ambulances in order to maintain a good coverage. Doing this, it is valuable to have information about the future expected response times in different parts of the area of responsibility, as well as the expected number of available ambulances. We present a simulation model that can be used to predict this, and compare the results to a naive forecasting model. The results show that while it is difficult to accurately predict the future system state, the simulation based prediction manages this better than the naive model.

  • 18.
    Andersson Granberg, Tobias
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Science and Technology, Communications and Transport Systems. Linköping University, The Institute of Technology.
    Norin, Anna
    Linköping University, Department of Science and Technology, Communications and Transport Systems. Linköping University, The Institute of Technology.
    Värbrand, Peter
    Linköping University, Department of Science and Technology, Communications and Transport Systems. Linköping University, The Institute of Technology.
    Yuan, Di
    Linköping University, Department of Science and Technology, Communications and Transport Systems. Linköping University, The Institute of Technology.
    Integrating optimization and simulation to gain more efficient airport logistics2009In: Eighth USA/Europe Air Traffic Management Research and Development Seminar (ATM2009), 2009, p. 1-10Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    In this paper we present airport logistics, which is a framework of resource management in the air transportation system. Focus is on the processes supporting turn-around. A detailed simulation model of various processes involved in turn-around is developed, by which the interaction between these processes are analyzed. We show that integrating optimization and simulation is a powerful tool to demonstrate efficiency improvements in airport logistics, using scheduling de-icing trucks as an example. An optimization algorithm for scheduling de-icing trucks is developed and simulations are performed comparing different schedules. The schedule obtained when considering total airport performance in the optimization algorithm gives minimum flight delay and waiting times in the simulations.

  • 19.
    Andersson Granberg, Tobias
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Science and Technology, Communications and Transport Systems. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Pilemalm, Sofie
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Information Systems and Digitalization. Linköping University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences.
    Evaluation of new first response initiatives in emergency services2020In: Socio-Economic Planning Sciences, ISSN 0038-0121, E-ISSN 1873-6041, Vol. 71, article id 100829Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    By training and equipping human resources from other public service sectors than emergency response, to act as first responders, it is possible to reduce the first response times at a low cost. Before launching such an initiative, it is however important to evaluate the potential benefits. In this work, a method for doing this kind of evaluation is developed and applied to a potential initiative, utilizing fire service day personnel as new first responders. By developing a smartphone application and performing an experiment, sending alerts to potential first responders, and combining this with expert reviews of the possible value of their contribution, it is possible to estimate the response time reductions, as well as the monetary benefits of the initiative. The results show that there is a monetary benefit, even with a low number of new first responders, but that it is highly dependent on how quickly they can start travelling towards the emergency site. © 2020 Elsevier Ltd

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  • 20.
    Andersson Granberg, Tobias
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Science and Technology, Communications and Transport Systems. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Polishchuk, Tatiana
    Linköping University, Department of Science and Technology, Communications and Transport Systems. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Polishchuk, Valentin
    Linköping University, Department of Science and Technology, Communications and Transport Systems. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Schmidt, Christiane
    Linköping University, Department of Science and Technology, Communications and Transport Systems. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    A framework for integrated terminal airspace design2019In: Aeronautical Journal, ISSN 0001-9240, Vol. 123, no 1263, p. 567-585Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Route planning and airspace sectorisation are two central tasks in air traffic management. Traditionally, the routing and sectorisation problems were considered separately, with aircraft trajectories serving as input to the sectorisation problem and, reciprocally, sectors being part of the input to the path finding algorithms. In this paper we propose a simultaneous design of routes and sectors for a transition airspace. We compare two approaches for this integrated design: one based on mixed integer programming, and one Voronoi-based model that separates potential "hotspots" of controller activity resulting from the terminal routes. We apply our two approaches to the design of Stockholm Terminal Maneuvering Area.

  • 21.
    Andersson Granberg, Tobias
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Science and Technology, Communications and Transport Systems. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Polishchuk, Tatiana
    Linköping University, Department of Science and Technology, Communications and Transport Systems. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Polishchuk, Valentin
    Linköping University, Department of Science and Technology, Communications and Transport Systems. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Schmidt, Christiane
    Linköping University, Department of Science and Technology, Communications and Transport Systems. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    A Framework for Integrated Terminal Airspace Design2017Conference paper (Refereed)
  • 22.
    Andersson Granberg, Tobias
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Science and Technology, Communications and Transport Systems. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Polishchuk, Tatiana
    Linköping University, Department of Science and Technology, Communications and Transport Systems. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Polishchuk, Valentin
    Linköping University, Department of Science and Technology, Communications and Transport Systems. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Schmidt, Christiane
    Linköping University, Department of Science and Technology, Communications and Transport Systems. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Integer Programming-Based Airspace Sectorization for Terminal Maneuvering Areas with Convex Sectors2019In: Journal of Air Transportation, E-ISSN 2380-9450, Vol. 27, no 4Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    In this paper an airspace sectorization framework for terminal maneuvering areas based on mixed integer programming is presented. It incorporates an airspace complexity representation, as well as various constraints on the sectors’ geometry, for example, the requirement that points demanding increased attention from air traffic controllers should lie in the sector’s interior to allow for enough time to resolve possible conflicts. The method can enforce convex sectors. In contrast to earlier integer/constraint programming approaches, which used synthesis methods with variables per elementary airspace piece that were glued together to form sectors, the integer programming formulation uses a variable per potential edge on the sector boundary. It is also the first step toward an integrated design of routes, the resulting complexity, and a sectorization. This paper presents results for Stockholm Arlanda airport and compares the integer programming results to convex sectorizations obtained by enumerating all possible topologies for a given number of sectors. This yields a proof-of-concept for the application of this highly flexible approach to terminal maneuvering areas.

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  • 23.
    Andersson Granberg, Tobias
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Science and Technology, Communications and Transport Systems. Linköping University, The Institute of Technology.
    Polishchuk, Valentin
    Linköping University, Department of Science and Technology, Communications and Transport Systems. Linköping University, The Institute of Technology.
    Socially optimal allocation of ATM resources via truthful market-based mechanisms2012In: Proceedings of the SESAR Innovation Days (2012) / [ed] Schaefer, Dirk, 2012Conference paper (Other academic)
  • 24.
    Andersson Granberg, Tobias
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Science and Technology, Communications and Transport Systems. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Steins, Krisjanis
    Linköping University, Department of Science and Technology, Communications and Transport Systems. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Waldemarsson, Martin
    Linköping University, Department of Science and Technology, Communications and Transport Systems. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Kvantitativa modeller för ett robust och resilient transportsystem2022Report (Other academic)
    Abstract [sv]

    Både mindre störningar och större händelser som katastrofer och kriser har en påverkan på transportsystemet. Dels kan de ge upphov till förändrade möjligheter att tillgodose efterfrågan, till exempel om infrastruktur blir skadad, dels kan det ge förändringar i efterfrågan, vilket t.ex. var tydligt under Covid-19 pandemin, eller ge upphov till nya behov, t.ex. av nödtransporter. Hanteringen av dessa störningar, ur ett transportsystemperspektiv, kan ske via förebyggande och förberedande åtgärder, vilka bidrar till en ökad robusthet och resiliens. Det kan vara att stärka och skydda infrastruktur eller att ha resurser i beredskap, som operativt kan verka avhjälpande och återställande. Åtgärderna kräver ofta komplexa beslut kring prioritering och resurshantering - områden där kvantitativa modeller har goda möjligheter att användas som grund för beslutsstöd.

    Syftet med denna studie var att undersöka möjligheten att använda kvantitativa modeller för att öka robustheten och resiliensen hos det svenska transportsystemet vid större störningar.

    Via en litteraturstudie och intervjuer med systemexperter från räddningsområdet, transportsektorn samt akademin, identifierades fem olika områden där kvantitativa modeller bedöms kunna ge värdefulla bidrag. Dessa är 1. Efterfrågemodellering, 2. Risk- och sårbarhetsanalys, 3. Evakueringsplanering, 4. Resurslokalisering och 5. Prioritering och resurshantering. Inom samtliga finns utrymme för att via forskning och utveckling ta fram beslutsstödsverktyg som kan bidra vid planering, förebyggande arbete, och operativ resursstyrning. Även inom andra områden, till exempel kommunikation, samverkan och organisering, finns det behov av forskning, då gärna med inslag av andra discipliner såsom human factors och digitalisering.

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  • 25.
    Andersson Granberg, Tobias
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Science and Technology. Linköping University, The Institute of Technology.
    Stenberg, Rebecca
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Business Administration. Linköping University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences.
    Johansson, Lars
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering. Linköping University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences.
    Bång, Magnus
    Linköping University, Department of Computer and Information Science, MDALAB - Human Computer Interfaces. Linköping University, The Institute of Technology.
    Kaspersson, Thomas
    Linköping University, Department of Computer and Information Science. Linköping University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences.
    Jonsson, Sandra
    Linköping University, Department of Computer and Information Science. Linköping University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences.
    Nilsson, Lisa
    Linköping University, Department of Computer and Information Science. Linköping University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences.
    Tåla: Trygghetsskapande åtgärder för landsbygden2010Report (Other academic)
    Abstract [sv]

    I april 2010 gav regeringen i uppdrag till Myndigheten för samhällsskydd och beredskap (MSB) att i ett projekt öka säkerheten på landsbygden genom nya former för räddning och respons. Inom ramen för ovanstående uppdrag, vilket benämns ”Samhällsviktig samverkan i landsbygd” har CARER – Centrum för respons- och räddningssystem – vid Linköpings universitet fått i uppdrag av MSB att inventera vilka behov och resurser för säkerhet och trygghet som existerar på lands- och glesbygd, samt undersöka vilka andra projekt och initiativ som föregått detta, nationellt och internationellt. CARERs projekt, som görs inom ramen för regeringsuppdraget, benämns Trygghetshöjande åtgärder för landsbygden (TÅLA).

    TÅLA har genomförts som fyra sammanhängande delstudier där de två första delstudierna använder kvalitativ metodik, främst intervjuer, och syftar till att skapa en förståelse för den upplevda tryggheten på lands- och glesbygden, samt utröna vad den består i och hur den kan stärkas. Delstudie 3 syftar till att kvantitativt uttrycka behov och resurser för säkerhet och trygghet på landsoch glesbygd genom ett urval av indikatorer. Delstudie 4 syftar till att ge en överblick över tidigare forskning och utveckling på området.

    Några generella slutsatser som kan dras från TÅLA-projektets olika delstudier är att det finns en god medvetenhet hos boende i land- och glesbygd för att det kan ta tid innan hjälp kan fås ifrån de traditionella räddningssystemen (som till exempel polis eller räddningstjänst), ett faktum som också kan bekräftas numerärt. Vissa indikatorer tyder dessutom på att boende på lands- och glesbygden är mer drabbade av olyckor än boende i tätort, vilket ger ett ökat behov av de aktuella resurserna. Detta har lett till att nya typer av lösningar har utvecklats, oftast av de boende, för att bistå vid olyckor, många baserade på självhjälp och frivillighet.

    Tydligt är också att trygghet omfattar mer än bara blåljusverksamheter och stöd från det allmänna. Här inkluderas också behov som el, vatten och möjligheten att handla mat. En stor del av den upplevda tryggheten hos befolkningen kommer från det sociala nätverk som finns i respektive by. Möjligheter till kommunikation är centralt och det är när individen är ensam utan möjlighet till kontakt med omvärlden som den största otryggheten infinner sig.

    Det framkom under projektet flera exempel på samverkan och de som medverkar framhåller vikten av att känna varandra innan insatsen, för att bästa möjliga resultat ska uppnås. Såväl de båda kvalitativa studierna som kunskapsöversikten pekar på att en trolig väg till framgång för en ökad säkerhet och trygghet på landsbygden bygger på att de lokala resurserna och strukturerna nyttjas i samverkan med de traditionella räddningsresurserna. Detta innebär att det bör vara möjligt att stärka dels de boendes möjligheter att hjälpa sig själva och att hjälpa varandra, men också att nyttja organisationer som idag inte tillhör blåljusmyndigheterna för att i samverkan med räddningstjänsten, sjukvården och polisen kunna bistå vid olyckor, akuta sjukdomsförlopp och andra relevanta händelser. Viktigt att beakta i detta sammanhang är då att använda de befintliga strukturer som existerar bland såväl boende som olika organisationer, för att på bästa sätt kunna dra nytta av den lokala kunskap, de resurser och det engagemang som existerar.

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    Tåla : Trygghetsskapande åtgärder för landsbygden
  • 26.
    Andersson Granberg, Tobias
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Science and Technology. Linköping University, The Institute of Technology.
    Värbrand, Peter
    Linköping University, Department of Science and Technology. Linköping University, The Institute of Technology.
    Decision support tools for ambulance dispatch and relocation2007In: Journal of the Operational Research Society, ISSN 0160-5682, Vol. 58, p. 195-201Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    In this paper, the development of decision support tools for dynamic ambulance relocation and automatic ambulance dispatching is described. The ambulance dispatch problem is to choose which ambulance to send to a patient. The dynamic ambulance relocation problem occurs in the operational control of ambulances. The objective is to find new locations for some of the ambulances, to increase the preparedness in the area of responsibility. Preparedness is a way of evaluating the ability to serve potential patients with ambulances now and in the future. Computational tests using a simulation model show that the tools are beneficial in reducing the waiting periods for the patients.

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    FULLTEXT01
  • 27.
    Andersson Granberg, Tobias
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Science and Technology. Linköping University, The Institute of Technology.
    Värbrand, Peter
    Linköping University, Department of Science and Technology. Linköping University, The Institute of Technology.
    The flight perturbation problem2004In: Transportation planning and technology (Print), ISSN 0308-1060, E-ISSN 1029-0354, Vol. 27, no 2, p. 91-117Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Airlines spend considerable time, effort and financial resources on planning. It is essential to create a competitive timetable and construct a fleet and a crew schedule that utilizes these resources to the maximum. Unfortunately, it is all too common that an airline is faced with the necessity of reconstructing their schedules due to some unforeseen event, for example an aircraft breakdown or a crew member that is indisposed. In this paper, an application that can help airlines solve the complex problem of reconstructing aircraft schedules is presented. A mixed integer multicommodity flow model with side constraints is developed and further reformulated into a set packing model using the Dantzig—Wolfe decomposition. Cancellations, delays and aircraft swaps are used to resolve the perturbation, and the model ensures that the schedule returns to normal within a certain time. Two column generation schemes for heuristically solving the model are tested on real problem data obtained from a Swedish domestic airline. The computational tests show that the application is capable of presenting high quality solutions in a few seconds and therefore can be used as a dynamic decision support tool by the airlines.

    Download full text (pdf)
    FULLTEXT01
  • 28.
    Andersson, Henrik
    et al.
    Norwegian Univ Sci and Technol, Norway.
    Andersson Granberg, Tobias
    Linköping University, Department of Science and Technology, Communications and Transport Systems. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Christiansen, Marielle
    Norwegian Univ Sci and Technol, Norway.
    Skorge Aartun, Eirik
    Norwegian Univ Sci and Technol, Norway.
    Leknes, Hakon
    Norwegian Univ Sci and Technol, Norway.
    Using optimization to provide decision support for strategic emergency medical service planning - Three case studies2020In: International Journal of Medical Informatics, ISSN 1386-5056, E-ISSN 1872-8243, Vol. 133, article id UNSP 103975Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    To achieve high performing emergency medical services (EMS), planning is of vital importance. EMS planners face several challenges when managing ambulance stations and the fleet of ambulances. In this paper, three strategic cases for EMS planners are presented together with potential solutions. In the first case, the effects of closing down a local emergency room (ER) are analyzed together with how adding an ambulance station and an ambulance to the area affected by the closing of the ER can be used to mitigate the negative consequences from the closing. The second case investigates a change in the organization of EMS. Currently, many non-urgent transport assignments are performed by ambulances which make them unavailable for more urgent calls. The potential for a more effective utilization of the ambulances is explored through transferring these assignments to designated transport vehicles. The third case is more technical and challenges the common practice regarding how time dependent demand is handled. Looking at the busiest hour or the average daily demand, is compared with taking time varying demand into account. The cases and solutions are studied using a recently developed strategic ambulance station location and ambulance allocation model for the Maximum Expected Performance Location Problem with Heterogeneous Regions (MEPLP-HR). The model has been extended to also include multiple time periods. This article demonstrates an innovative use of the model and how it can be applied to find and evaluate solutions to real cases within the field of strategic planning of EMS. The model is found to be a useful decision support tool when analyzing the cases and the expected performance of potential solutions.

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  • 29.
    Andersson, Tobias
    Linköping University, The Institute of Technology. Linköping University, Department of Science and Technology.
    Decision support for operational ambulance control2004In: Management Information Systems: managing information technology in the business enterprise / [ed] James A. O'Brien, New York, NY, USA: WIT Press , 2004, 6, p. 329-338Chapter in book (Other academic)
  • 30.
    Andersson, Tobias
    Linköping University, Department of Science and Technology. Linköping University, The Institute of Technology.
    Decision support tools for dynamic fleet management: applications in airline planning and ambulance logistics2005Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    In this work, decision support tools for dynamic fleet management problems are developed. The operational management tasks include dispatching, supervising and sometimes reconstructing the vehicle schedule. These tasks are often complex, while the time available to complete them is short. Therefore, decision support tools assisting the controller can be of great service.

    Two studies on dynamic fleet management problems are presented. The first concerns airline planning and the problem of how to handle schedule perturbations. The second study is within the field of ambulance logistics, with focus on operational ambulance control.

    For an airline, the flight perturbation problem arises when it is impossible to continue executing the original aircraft schedule, e.g. due to an aircraft breakdown. The flight controller then has to decide whether some flights have to be delayed or cancelled, or perhaps flights have to be reassigned to new aircraft. This is done in order to find an attainable, cost effective solution, where the airline can continue to serve the passengers. In this work, a decision support tool that can repair the aircraft schedule is suggested. The tool is based on a multicommodity network flow model with side constraints. A number of different solution strategies are suggested for the model, including heuristics based on column generation and meta heuristics utilizing path relinking. Computational tests show that several of the solution algorithms find near optimal solutions within a few seconds.

    Ambulance logistics comprises most aspects of managing an efficient ambulance health care. This involves both emergency medical services and patient transportations. Controlling a fleet of ambulances includes deciding which ambulance to dispatch to a call. The controller also has to ensure that most or all parts of the area of responsibility can be reached by an ambulance in a short time. This is referred to as maintaining an adequate level of preparedness in the area. In this work, a way of calculating the preparedness is presented. It is incorporated into a number of decision support tools, including a dispatch tool and a relocation tool. The dispatch tool can suggest which ambulance to assign to a new call. The relocation tool suggests a way of relocating the ambulances, i.e. sending them to new locations, to increase the level of preparedness in the area. A simulation tool is also developed and used to study the effect of dynamically relocating ambulances. Furthermore, it is used to test if new locations for the ambulance stations will affect the waiting periods for the patients. The results show that the decision support tools have a positive effect on the system performance.

    List of papers
    1. The flight perturbation problem
    Open this publication in new window or tab >>The flight perturbation problem
    2004 (English)In: Transportation planning and technology (Print), ISSN 0308-1060, E-ISSN 1029-0354, Vol. 27, no 2, p. 91-117Article in journal (Refereed) Published
    Abstract [en]

    Airlines spend considerable time, effort and financial resources on planning. It is essential to create a competitive timetable and construct a fleet and a crew schedule that utilizes these resources to the maximum. Unfortunately, it is all too common that an airline is faced with the necessity of reconstructing their schedules due to some unforeseen event, for example an aircraft breakdown or a crew member that is indisposed. In this paper, an application that can help airlines solve the complex problem of reconstructing aircraft schedules is presented. A mixed integer multicommodity flow model with side constraints is developed and further reformulated into a set packing model using the Dantzig—Wolfe decomposition. Cancellations, delays and aircraft swaps are used to resolve the perturbation, and the model ensures that the schedule returns to normal within a certain time. Two column generation schemes for heuristically solving the model are tested on real problem data obtained from a Swedish domestic airline. The computational tests show that the application is capable of presenting high quality solutions in a few seconds and therefore can be used as a dynamic decision support tool by the airlines.

    Keywords
    Airline operations; Scheduling; Optimization; Perturbations; Dantzig—Wolfe decomposition
    National Category
    Engineering and Technology
    Identifiers
    urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-17061 (URN)10.1080/0308106042000218195 (DOI)
    Note
    This is an electronic version of an article published in:Tobias Andersson Granberg and Peter Värbrand, The flight perturbation problem, 2004, Transportation planning and technology, (27), 2, 91-117.Transportation planning and technology is available online at informaworldTM: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0308106042000218195Copyright: Taylor & Francishttp://www.tandf.co.uk/journals/default.aspAvailable from: 2009-03-04 Created: 2009-03-04 Last updated: 2017-12-13Bibliographically approved
    2. Solving the flight perturbation problem with meta heuristics
    Open this publication in new window or tab >>Solving the flight perturbation problem with meta heuristics
    2006 (English)In: Journal of Heuristics, ISSN 1381-1231, E-ISSN 1572-9397, Vol. 12, no 1-2, p. 37-53Article in journal (Refereed) Published
    Abstract [en]

    When there is a perturbation in a carefully constructed aircraft schedule, e.g. an aircraft breakdown, it is important to minimize the negative consequences of this disturbance. Here, a tabu search and a simulated annealing approach to the flight perturbation problem are presented. The heuristics use a tree-search algorithm to find new schedules for the aircraft, and utilize a path relinking strategy to explore paths between structurally different solutions. The computational results indicate that the solution strategies, especially the tabu search, can be successfully used to solve the flight perturbation problem.

    Keywords
    Aircraft recovery - Irregular operations - Operational airline scheduling - Simulated annealing - Tabu search - Path relinking
    National Category
    Engineering and Technology
    Identifiers
    urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-17062 (URN)10.1007/s10732-006-4833-4 (DOI)
    Note
    The original publication is available at www.springerlink.com: Tobias Andersson Granberg, Solving the flight perturbation problem with meta heuristics, 2006, Journal of Heuristics, (12), 1-2, 37-53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10732-006-4833-4 Copyright: Springer Science Business Media http://www.springerlink.com/ Available from: 2009-03-04 Created: 2009-03-04 Last updated: 2017-12-13
    3. Decision support for efficient ambulance logistics
    Open this publication in new window or tab >>Decision support for efficient ambulance logistics
    2005 (English)Report (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    Ambulance logistics comprises everything that has to do with managing an efficient ambulance health care, which includes both emergency medical services and patient transportations. In this work, ambulance logistics is defined and discussed using the Swedish public service enterprise SOS Alarm as a basis. A number of ways of improving the ambulance logistic service provided by SOS Alarm is identified. Work that has been performed in two of the nine identified areas is described in more detail. In both of these two areas, the main improvement lies in the development of decision support tools for the ambulance dispatchers. The tools that are developed are a preparedness calculator, an ambulance dispatch tool a relocation tool and a simulation tool.

    Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
    Linköping: Department of Science and Technology (ITN), Campus Norrköping, Linköping University, 2005. p. 15
    Series
    ITN research report, ISSN 1650-2612 ; 1
    Keywords
    Ambulance logistics, Preparedness, Dispatch, Relocation, Optimization, Simulation
    National Category
    Engineering and Technology
    Identifiers
    urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-85908 (URN)
    Available from: 2012-12-03 Created: 2012-12-03 Last updated: 2012-12-03
    4. Quantifying the preparedness for efficient ambulance logistics
    Open this publication in new window or tab >>Quantifying the preparedness for efficient ambulance logistics
    (English)Manuscript (preprint) (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    Preparedness is an important concept in ambulance logistics. It is a way of evaluating the ability to serve potential patients with ambulances in a swift and efficient manner. Here, a way of calculating the preparedness for different parts of a geographical area is presented. The developed measure is calibrated for use in the county of Stockholm in Sweden. Different areas of application for the measure are discussed in strategic, tactical and operational ambulance planning. Specifically, a mathematical model for ambulance station location, based on the preparedness measure, is developed and solved using a simulated annealing heuristic. A new set of locations, obtained from the model, is compared to the existing locations by simulating the ambulance operations. The results show that the new locations have a positive effect on the patient waiting periods.

    Keywords
    Preparedness, Ambulance Logistics, Location Analysis, Optimization, Transportation
    National Category
    Natural Sciences
    Identifiers
    urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-85912 (URN)
    Available from: 2012-12-03 Created: 2012-12-03 Last updated: 2012-12-03
    5. Decision support tools for ambulance dispatch and relocation
    Open this publication in new window or tab >>Decision support tools for ambulance dispatch and relocation
    2007 (English)In: Journal of the Operational Research Society, ISSN 0160-5682, Vol. 58, p. 195-201Article in journal (Refereed) Published
    Abstract [en]

    In this paper, the development of decision support tools for dynamic ambulance relocation and automatic ambulance dispatching is described. The ambulance dispatch problem is to choose which ambulance to send to a patient. The dynamic ambulance relocation problem occurs in the operational control of ambulances. The objective is to find new locations for some of the ambulances, to increase the preparedness in the area of responsibility. Preparedness is a way of evaluating the ability to serve potential patients with ambulances now and in the future. Computational tests using a simulation model show that the tools are beneficial in reducing the waiting periods for the patients.

    Keywords
    health, logistics, optimisation, simulation, heuristics
    National Category
    Engineering and Technology
    Identifiers
    urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-17063 (URN)10.1057/palgrave.jors.2602174 (DOI)
    Note
    This is a post-peer-review, pre-copyedit version of an article published in Journal of the Operational Research Society. The definitive publisher-authenticated version: Tobias Andersson Granberg and Peter Värbrand, Decision support tools for ambulance dispatch and relocation, 2007, Journal of the Operational Research Society, (58), 195-201.is available online at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.jors.2602174Copyright: Palgrave Macmillanhttp://www.palgrave-journals.com/pal/index.htmlAvailable from: 2009-03-05 Created: 2009-03-04 Last updated: 2013-10-15Bibliographically approved
  • 31.
    Andersson, Tobias
    Linköping University, The Institute of Technology. Linköping University, Department of Science and Technology.
    Effektivt nyttjande av ambulans- och räddningsresurser2006In: Transportforum 2006,2006, 2006Conference paper (Other academic)
    Abstract [sv]

    De människor och fordon som ska undsätta oss i ett nödläge bör nyttjas på ett så effektivt sätt som möjligt. Påståendet lär inte motsägas av speciellt många, men att uppfylla det erbjuder en ansenlig utmaning. Projekten OPAL - Optimerad ambulanslogistik och OPERA - Optimal och effektiv resursanvändning vid räddningstjänst, syftar till att hitta sätt att öka effektiviteten i system för ambulanssjukvård respektive räddningstjänst. OPAL är ett samarbete mellan SOS Alarm och Linköpings universitet som pågått sedan början av 2003. Ett resultat ur projektet är utvecklandet av ett antal beslutsstödsverktyg riktade till ambulansdirigenter, det vill säga de personer som i SOS centralen bland annat bestämmer vilka ambulanser som ska betjäna respektive uppdrag. Verktygen, vilka inkluderar en beredskapskalkylator och en modul för resursförslag, är baserade på optimeringsmetoder och implementerade i ett geografiskt informationssystem. I projektet OPERA samarbetar universitetet med Räddningsverket sedan mitten av 2005 för att hitta sätt att mäta, utvärdera och öka effektiviteten i system för räddningsinsatser. Jämfört med ambulanssjukvård kompliceras situationen här av den variation i arbetsuppgifter som ingår i räddningstjänst. Detta medför att resurserna måste vara anpassade för att klara brand och bilolyckor, såväl som arbete på och i vatten och på hög höjd. I båda systemen är en av de största utmaningarna att undersöka vilken nytta en given åtgärd egentligen har, eftersom denna nytta, och därmed effektiviteten i systemen, svårligen låter sig mätas i allmänt använda kvantiteter, som till exempel pengar. 

  • 32.
    Andersson, Tobias
    Linköping University, The Institute of Technology. Linköping University, Department of Science and Technology.
    Efficient utilization of public safety resources2006In: 1st Nordic Optimization Symposium,2006, 2006Conference paper (Other academic)
  • 33.
    Andersson, Tobias
    Linköping University, The Institute of Technology. Linköping University, Department of Science and Technology.
    OPAL, ett logistikverktyg för planering och dirigering av ambulanser2005In: FLISA2005: 20 konferensen för Föreningen för Ledningsansvariga Inom Svensk Ambulanssjukvård,2005, 2005Conference paper (Other academic)
  • 34.
    Andersson, Tobias
    Linköping University, The Institute of Technology. Linköping University, Department of Science and Technology.
    Optimizing the ambulance logistic process in Sweden2006In: Hesculaep Second Conference,2006, 2006Conference paper (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

      

  • 35.
    Andersson, Tobias
    Linköping University, Department of Science and Technology, Communications and Transport Systems. Linköping University, The Institute of Technology.
    The flight perturbation problem: operational aircraft rescheduling2001Licentiate thesis, monograph (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    When there is a perturbation in a carefully planned flight schedule, e.g. an aircraft breakdown, it is important to minimize the negative consequences of this disturbance. In this thesis, a model and a number of solution strategies for the Flight Perturbation Problem is presented. Based on a connection network, a mixed integer multicommodity flow model with side constraints is developed. Cancellations, delays and aircraft swaps, both within the same fleet and between different aircraft types, are used to take care of the perturbation. The model also assures that the schedule returns to normal within a certain time.

    Six different solution strategies arc used to solve the model; the first based on a Lagrangian relaxation of the mixed integer multicommodity flow model. Four strategies are based on Dantzig-Wolfe decomposition and in two of them all feasible points are generated by a tree search algorithm before the master problem is solved, while the other two are column generation based. The last strategy is based on the metaheuristic tabu search.

    The computational tests with real problem data show that the Dantzig-Wolfe based strategies and the tabu search strategy arc very promising, and especially the tabu search strategies could be used in a real problem application that could provide airlines with solutions to complex perturbation problems.

  • 36.
    Andersson, Tobias
    et al.
    Linköping University, The Institute of Technology. Linköping University, Department of Science and Technology.
    Axelsson, Anders
    Räddningsverket.
    Optimal planning of public safety resources in Sweden2006In: EURO XXI: 21st European Conference on Operational Research,2006, 2006Conference paper (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    In this presentation, the similarities and differences between different public safety resources are discussed, concentrating on ambulance services and fire and rescue services. To provide some background for the discussion, two projects focusing on the construction of decision support tools for emergency services decision makers are described; OPAL - Optimized ambulance logistics and OPERA - Optimized and effective rescue resource allocation.

  • 37.
    Andersson, Tobias
    et al.
    Linköping University, The Institute of Technology. Linköping University, Department of Science and Technology.
    Häll, Carl Henrik
    Linköping University, The Institute of Technology. Linköping University, Department of Science and Technology.
    Användning av GIS i kombination med operationsanalys för effektivare transporter2006In: GeoInfo 2006,2006, 2006Conference paper (Other academic)
  • 38.
    Andersson, Tobias
    et al.
    Linköping University, The Institute of Technology. Linköping University, Department of Science and Technology.
    Petersson, S.
    SOS Alarm AB, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Värbrand, Peter
    Linköping University, The Institute of Technology. Linköping University, Department of Science and Technology.
    Calculating the preparedness for an efficient ambulance health care2004In: 7th International Conference on Intelligent Transport Systems,2004, New York, NY, USA: IEEE , 2004, p. 785-Conference paper (Refereed)
  • 39.
    Andersson, Tobias
    et al.
    Linköping University, The Institute of Technology. Linköping University, Department of Science and Technology.
    Petersson, S.
    SOS Alarm AB.
    Värbrand, Peter
    Linköping University, The Institute of Technology. Linköping University, Department of Science and Technology.
    Dynamic ambulance relocation for a higher preparedness2004In: 35th Annual Meeting of the Decision Sciences Institute,2004, Atlanta, Georia, USA: Decision Sciences Institute , 2004, p. 3911-Conference paper (Refereed)
  • 40.
    Andersson, Tobias
    et al.
    Linköping University, The Institute of Technology. Linköping University, Department of Science and Technology.
    Petersson, S.
    SOS Alarm AB, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Värbrand, Peter
    Linköping University, The Institute of Technology. Linköping University, Department of Science and Technology.
    OPAL - Optimized ambulance logistics2004In: TRISTIN V: 5th Triennial Symposium on Transport Analysis,2004, 2004Conference paper (Other academic)
  • 41.
    Andersson, Tobias
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Science and Technology, Communications and Transport Systems. Linköping University, The Institute of Technology.
    Petersson, Sverker
    SOS Alarm AB, Sweden.
    Värbrand, Peter
    Linköping University, Department of Science and Technology, Communications and Transport Systems. Linköping University, The Institute of Technology.
    Decision support for efficient ambulance logistics2007In: Operational Research for Health Policy: Making Better Decisions: Proceedings of the 31st Annual Conference of the European Working Group on Operational Research Applied to Health Services / [ed] Sally Brailsford, Paul Harper, Bern, Switzerland: Peter Lang AG , 2007, p. 107-125Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Ambulance logistics comprises everything that has to do with managing an efficient ambulance health care, which includes both emergency medical services and patient transportations. In this work, ambulance logistics is defined and discussed using the Swedish public service enterprise SOS Alarm as a basis. A number of ways of improving the ambulance logistic service provided by SOS Alarm are identified, and nine areas of improvement are defined. Two of the nine areas, -Visualisation of the preparedness- and -Decision support for efficient ambulance logistics- are described in more detail. In both of these, the main improvement lays in the development of decision support tools for the ambulance dispatchers. The tools that are developed are a preparedness calculator, an ambulance dispatch suggestion tool, a relocation tool and a simulation tool.

  • 42.
    Andersson, Tobias
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Science and Technology, Communications and Transport Systems. Linköping University, The Institute of Technology.
    Särdqvist, Stefan
    Swedish Rescue Services Agency, Sweden.
    Planning for effective use of fire and rescue service resources2007In: Interflam 2007 (Vol.2): 11th International Fire Science & Engineering Conference, London, UK: Interscience Communications, 2007, p. 1561-1566Conference paper (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    In this work, a model has been developed that can support and evaluate decisions on the location of rescue service resources. The main contributions are the possibilities to model multiple events and multiple resources, and foremost providing a method of quantifying the interaction between events and resources. In the model, it is possible to analyse different ways of organising the fire and rescue service, e.g. comparing the effect of small units in multiple locations with a traditional way of organising, where most resources comes from a single fire station. The model can also suggest advantageous locations for the resources.

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  • 43.
    Barth, Maren S.
    et al.
    Norwegian Univ Sci & Technol, Norway.
    Palm, Katharina
    Norwegian Univ Sci & Technol, Norway.
    Andersson, Henrik
    Norwegian Univ Sci & Technol, Norway.
    Andersson Granberg, Tobias
    Linköping University, Department of Science and Technology, Communications and Transport Systems. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Gullhav, Anders N.
    Norwegian Univ Sci & Technol, Norway.
    Kruger, Andreas
    Norwegian Univ Sci & Technol, Norway.
    Emergency exit layout planning using optimization and agent-based simulation2024In: Computational Management Science, ISSN 1619-697X, E-ISSN 1619-6988, Vol. 21, no 1, article id 1Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Evacuation preparedness includes ensuring proper infrastructure, resources and planning for moving people from a dangerous area to safety. This is especially important and challenging during mass gatherings, such as large concerts. In this paper, we present the Emergency Exit Layout Problem (EELP) which is the problem of locating a given number of emergency exits and deciding their width such that the time it takes to evacuate the crowd from an arena is minimized. The EELP takes into account the geography of the arena and its surroundings, as well as the number of pedestrians in the crowd and the distribution of these within the arena. The EELP is formulated as a two-stage stochastic mixed integer linear program to handle the uncertainty related to the location of the possible incidents and the distribution of the pedestrians. Two cases are studied, a large concert planned at the Leangen trotting track in Trondheim and a smaller indoor arena. For each case, the EELP is solved for different scenarios, and the suggested layouts are evaluated using an agent-based simulation model. In particular, the potential of incorporating detailed assessment regarding the location and probability of specific incidents and the distribution of pedestrians are investigated. The computational study shows that making a more detailed risk assessment has little effect on the large concert, but a significant impact on the location of the emergency exits for the smaller indoor case. The results also indicate that it is more important to consider the location and probability of specific incidents rather than the pedestrian distribution.

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  • 44.
    Dahlberg, Joen
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Science and Technology, Communications and Transport Systems. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Andersson Granberg, Tobias
    Linköping University, Department of Science and Technology, Communications and Transport Systems. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Polishchuk, Tatiana
    Linköping University, Department of Science and Technology, Communications and Transport Systems. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Schmidt, Christiane
    Linköping University, Department of Science and Technology, Communications and Transport Systems. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Sedov, Leonid
    Linköping University, Department of Science and Technology, Communications and Transport Systems. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Capacity-Driven Automatic Design of Dynamic Aircraft Arrival Routes2018In: 2018 IEEE/AIAA 37TH DIGITAL AVIONICS SYSTEMS CONFERENCE (DASC), IEEE , 2018, p. 1194-1202Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    We present a Mixed-Integer Programming framework for the design of aircraft arrival routes in a Terminal Maneuvering Area (TMA) that guarantee temporal separation of aircraft. The output routes constitute operationally feasible merge trees, and guarantee that the overall traffic pattern in the TMA can be monitored by air traffic controllers; in particular, we ensure that all aircraft on the arrival routes are separated in time and all merge points are spatially separated. We present a proof of concept of our approach, and demonstrate its feasibility by experiments for arrival routes during one hour at Stockholm TMA.

  • 45.
    Ennab Vogel, Nicklas
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Division of Society and Health. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences.
    Wester, Per
    Umea Univ, Sweden; Danderyd Hosp, Sweden.
    Andersson Granberg, Tobias
    Linköping University, Department of Science and Technology, Communications and Transport Systems. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Levin, Lars-Åke
    Linköping University, Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Division of Society and Health. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences.
    Cost-Effectiveness of Prehospital Ambulance Helicopter Transportation of Patients With Presumed Stroke in the Era of Mechanical Thrombectomy2024In: STROKE-VASCULAR AND INTERVENTIONAL NEUROLOGY, ISSN 2694-5746, Vol. 4, no 5, article id e001343Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Background Mechanical thrombectomy has emerged as standard of care in treatment of patients with acute ischemic stroke attributable to large-vessel occlusion. Efforts to reduce the time from symptom onset to treatment initiation remain critically important to improve functional outcomes in patients treated with either intravenous thrombolysis, mechanical thrombectomy, or both. The use of ambulance helicopters in prehospital acute stroke care could potentially reduce symptom onset to treatment time to mechanical thrombectomy. This study aims to optimize the use of ambulance helicopters in prehospital transportation of patients with presumed acute stroke attributable to large-vessel occlusion given economic constraints in health care budget.Methods By means of an economic model within a decision-analytical framework, this study evaluates the cost-effectiveness of complementary ambulance helicopters compared with road ambulances only for prehospital acute transportation of patients with presumed stroke and potential eligibility for mechanical thrombectomy, in regard to the number and locations of ambulance helicopters in Sweden.Results A single, optimally located complementary ambulance helicopter was cost-effective compared with road ambulances only. The most cost-effective solution in the base-case scenario with the current 8 thrombectomy centers comprised 13 optimally located helicopters. It reduced mean onset to treatment time with intravenous thrombolysis and onset to treatment time with mechanical thrombectomy by 7.9 and 32.1 minutes, respectively, and produced health gains equal to 91 quality-adjusted life-years per year. When the willingness to pay per quality-adjusted life-years gained was set at Euro (EUR) 80 000, the incremental net monetary benefit per patient reached EUR 2240. The solution with 13 optimally located helicopters prevailed as the most cost-effective in the extended scenario analysis with 11 thrombectomy centers, reaching an estimated incremental net monetary benefit per patient at EUR 1754. Furthermore, mean incremental net monetary benefit per patient reached global maximum (EUR 6046) at the geodesic distance of 165.2 km between patient location and the nearest thrombectomy center in the base-case scenario, and at 238.5 km in the extended scenario with an estimated incremental net monetary benefit per patient at EUR 7994.Conclusion This study demonstrates the cost-effectiveness of ambulance helicopters as a complementary mode of transportation to road ambulances. The most cost-effective solution of complementary ambulance helicopters comprises 13 optimally located heliports across Sweden.

  • 46.
    Ennab Vogel, Nicklas
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Division of Society and Health. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences.
    Wester, Per
    Umea Univ, Sweden; Danderyd Hosp, Sweden.
    Andersson Granberg, Tobias
    Linköping University, Department of Science and Technology, Communications and Transport Systems. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Levin, Lars-Åke
    Linköping University, Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Division of Society and Health. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences.
    Optimized density and locations of stroke centers for improved cost effectiveness of mechanical thrombectomy in patients with acute ischemic stroke2024In: JOURNAL OF NEUROINTERVENTIONAL SURGERY, ISSN 1759-8478, Vol. 16, p. 156-162Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    BackgroundDespite the proven cost effectiveness of mechanical thrombectomy (MT) in patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS) due to large vessel occlusion, treatment within 6 hours from symptom onset remains inaccessible for many patients. We aimed to find the optimal number and location of treatment facilities with respect to the cost effectiveness of MT in patients with AIS, first by the most cost effective implementation of comprehensive stroke centers (CSCs), and second by the most cost effective addition of complementary thrombectomy capable stroke centers (TSCs). MethodsThis study was based on nationwide observational data comprising 18 793 patients with suspected AIS potentially eligible for treatment with MT. The most cost effective solutions were attained by solving the p median facility location-allocation problem with the objective function of maximizing the incremental net monetary benefit (INMB) of MT compared with no MT in patients with AIS. Deterministic sensitivity analysis (DSA) was used as the basis of the results analysis. ResultsThe implementation strategy with seven CSCs produced the highest annual INMB per patient of all possible solutions in the base case scenario. The most cost effective implementation strategy of the extended scenario comprised seven CSCs and four TSCs. DSA revealed sensitivity to variability in MT rate and the maximum willingness to pay per quality adjusted life year gained. ConclusionThe combination of optimization modeling and cost effectiveness analysis provides a powerful tool for configuring the extent and locations of CSCs (and TSCs). The most cost effective implementation of CSCs in Sweden entails 24/7 MT services at all seven university hospitals.

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  • 47.
    Forsell, Anders
    et al.
    Carmenta AB.
    Andersson, Tobias
    Linköping University, The Institute of Technology. Linköping University, Department of Science and Technology.
    Faster ambulance transportation and better preparedness by using GIS and advanced optimization2006In: CIMI 2006: Civil and Military Co-operation for crisis management,2006, 2006Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The ambulance dispatchers are key players in any Emergency Medical Services (EMS) system, as they decide which ambulance to send to a patient. They are also responsible for keeping the ambulances favorably positioned, and thus decide if the ambulances need to be relocated to better cover some parts of the area of responsibility. As the call frequency and the fleet size grows, the complexity of these tasks increase exponentially. Therefore, tools that can support the dispatchers in their decisions are vital for the effectiveness of the whole system. In the OPAL project (Optimized Ambulance Logistics), SOS Alarm, Linköping University and Carmenta have collaborated to find new ways of making the ambulance health care in Sweden more effective. One result from the project was a number of optimization-based tools that support calculation and visualization of the preparedness level, finding suitable resources and planning resource relocation. The new tools help the ambulance dispatchers make better decisions faster.

  • 48.
    Frigstad, Lasse
    et al.
    Norwegian Univ Sci & Technol, Norway.
    Furu, Vegard
    Norwegian Univ Sci & Technol, Norway.
    Svenkerud, Sigve Kristiansen
    Norwegian Univ Sci & Technol, Norway.
    Claesson, Andreas
    Karolinska Inst, Sweden.
    Andersson, Henrik
    Norwegian Univ Sci & Technol, Norway.
    Andersson Granberg, Tobias
    Linköping University, Department of Science and Technology, Communications and Transport Systems. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Joint planning of drones and volunteers in emergency response to out-of-hospital cardiac arrest2023In: Computers & industrial engineering, ISSN 0360-8352, E-ISSN 1879-0550, Vol. 185, article id 109648Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Various initiatives are in place worldwide to reduce the time from the occurrence of an out-of-hospital cardiac arrest to the start of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) and defibrillation using an Automated External Defibrillator (AED). In addition to optimizing the management of emergency medical services and other professional emergency response resources, these include utilizing close-by volunteers using mobile phone dispatching, and delivering AEDs using Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs), commonly known as drones. The latter two examples have previously been studied separately, and it has been proved that the time to administer CPR and AED delivery can be reduced. In this paper, the potential of joint planning and dispatching of volunteers and AED delivering drones is investigated. Optimization models are used to determine good locations for drones. These are then evaluated, together with new, adapted dispatch strategies for the volunteers, using a simulation model. Results of a case study, with data for the county of Vastra Gotaland in Sweden, show that drones can indeed help reduce the time to defibrillation, and, by adaptive dispatching, the time to CPR can be reduced as well. Thus, it is shown that by joint planning of drones and volunteers, it may be possible to improve the survival probability from out-of-hospital cardiac arrest.

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  • 49.
    Grönbäck, Anna-Maria
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Science and Technology, Communications and Transport Systems. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Andersson Granberg, Tobias
    Linköping University, Department of Science and Technology, Communications and Transport Systems. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Matinrad, Niki
    Linköping University, Department of Science and Technology, Communications and Transport Systems. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Tillämpningar av modern teknik inom räddning: möjligheter och framtida frågeställningar2024Report (Other academic)
    Abstract [sv]

    Denna rapport ger en översikt över forskning och erfarenheter gällande räddningsinsatser där nya tekniker har använts, eller skulle kunna användas, vid såväl faktiska insatser som vid övning. Via en litteraturstudie, kompletterad med intervjuer med personer som är verksamma i projekt inom området, identifierades utmaningar och potential med modern teknik inom räddning. De olika teknologierna kategoriserades som Unmanned aerial/ground/surface vehicles (UXV), Artificiell intelligens (AI), Extended reality (XR, vilket inkluderar bland annat virtual och augmented reality), Kommunikationer, Sensorer, Robotar och Övrigt.

    Inom området artificiell intelligens för räddning behövs projekt som kan ta fram data av god kvalitet för att träna AI-modeller inom olika räddningstillämpningar (till exempel identifiering av skogsbrand, eller eftersök av person) i Sveriges varierande miljöer. Dessutom måste data och modeller valideras tillsammans med praktiker och förankras i räddningsverksamheten. Genom att utbilda responspersonal i principerna för maskininlärning kan användbarheten öka och risken för felaktiga resultat och tolkningar minskas.

    Teknikutvecklingen går fort medan relaterad metodutveckling och utvärdering ligger efter. För effektiv implementering av ny teknik är det viktigt att, tillsammans med användarna, undersöka vilka behov räddningstjänsten har och att ta fram metoder och modeller för hur nyttan med den nya tekniken ska utvärderas. Vidare måste den nya tekniken integreras med nuvarande arbetsmetoder, och modeller och metoder för effektiv gemensam resursanvändning av såväl nya som befintliga resurser måste utvecklas. Många mindre organisationer har svårt att själva driva denna typ av större utvecklingsprojekt, men skulle kunna hjälpas av administrativt stöd, till exempel från Myndigheten för samhällsskydd och beredskap (MSB).

    Säkra, robusta kommunikationsmöjligheter vid räddningsinsatser är ett viktigt område, och vidare forskning behövs för att möjliggöra detta med hjälp av drönare (UAS) i såväl fjällmiljö som till havs. Dessutom behövs flera projekt som kan tillhandahålla säkra lösningar för kommunikation och datasäkerhet inom räddning, och forskning kring hur relevant informationsdelning mellan olika aktörer kan möjliggöras. Användandet av UAS inom räddning börjar bli etablerat, och det finns potential i att utforska möjligheten med delat användande, till exempel hur drönare med andra tillämpningsområden (exempelvis matleveranser) skulle kunna bidra i räddningsinsatser. Många av de undersökta teknologierna kan användas kombinerat, till exempel kan en AI-modell tolka bilder som fångas av en drönare. Hur olika teknologier kan kombineras är ett område med fortsatt stor potential. Det saknas också vetenskapliga studier över potentialen av användningen av exoskelett inom räddning.

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  • 50.
    Gustafsson, Anna
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Science and Technology, Communications and Transport Systems. Linköping University, The Institute of Technology.
    Andersson Granberg, Tobias
    Linköping University, Department of Science and Technology, Communications and Transport Systems. Linköping University, The Institute of Technology.
    Dynamic Planning of Fire and Rescue Services2012In: ISCRAM 2012 Conference Proceedings / [ed] Leon Rothkrantz, Jozef Ristvej, Zeno Franco, 2012Conference paper (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    We discuss decision support tools used for more efficient planning of fire and rescue services. The methodology considers small and flexible units and includes dynamic utilization of the existing resources. We develop a quantitative measure for preparedness and use it as a basis for decision support. By constantly accounting for the current situation and using intelligent strategies to locate and allocate resources that support good preparedness, response times can be shortened. The tools will be tested using an experimental setup that includes human-in-the-loop simulations, and the results will compare situations that occur when the decision makers have and do not have access to the developed tools.

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