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  • 1.
    Arrell, Douglas
    et al.
    Siemens Industrial Turbomachinery AB, Finspång.
    Hasselqvist, Magnus
    Siemens Industrial Turbomachinery AB, Finspång.
    Sommer, C
    ABB Technology Ldt, Heidelberg, Germany.
    Moverare, Johan
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Engineering Materials. Linköping University, The Institute of Technology.
    On TMF damage, degradation effects, and the associated TMin influence on TMF test results in γ/γ′ alloys2004In: Proceedings of the International Symposium on Superalloys / [ed] Green K.A., Pollock T.M., Harada H., Howson T.E., Reed R.C., Schirra J.J., Walston S., Warrendale, PA, USA: The Minerals, Metals and Materials Society, TMS , 2004, p. 291-294Conference paper (Other academic)
  • 2.
    Azeez, Ahmed
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Solid Mechanics. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Eriksson, Robert
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Solid Mechanics. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Norman, Viktor
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Engineering Materials. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Leidermark, Daniel
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Solid Mechanics. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Moverare, Johan
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Engineering Materials. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    The effect of dwell times and minimum temperature on out-of-phase thermomechanical fatigue crack propagation in a steam turbine steel - Crack closure prediction2022In: International Journal of Fatigue, ISSN 0142-1123, E-ISSN 1879-3452, Vol. 162, article id 106971Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Exploring crack growth behaviour is needed to establish accurate fatigue life predictions. Cracked specimens were tested under strain-controlled out-of-phase thermomechanical fatigue conditions. The tests included dwell times and three different minimum temperatures. Higher minimum temperature gave faster crack growth rates while the additions of dwell times showed no effects. Crack closure was observed in all the tests where the addition of dwell times and change in minimum temperature displayed little to no effect on crack closure stresses. Finite element models with a sharp stationary crack and material parameters switching provided acceptable predictions for the maximum, minimum, and crack closure stresses.

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  • 3.
    Azeez, Ahmed
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Solid Mechanics. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Norman, Viktor
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Engineering Materials. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Eriksson, Robert
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Solid Mechanics. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Leidermark, Daniel
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Solid Mechanics. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Moverare, Johan
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Engineering Materials. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Out-of-phase thermomechanical fatigue crack propagation in a steam turbine steel — modelling of crack closure2021In: International Journal of Fatigue, ISSN 0142-1123, E-ISSN 1879-3452, Vol. 149, article id 106251Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Understanding of crack growth behaviour is necessary to predict accurate fatigue lives. Out-of-phase thermomechanical fatigue crack propagation tests were performed on FB2 steel used in high-temperature steam turbine sections. Testing results showed crack closure where the compressive part of the fatigue cycle affected crack growth rate. Crack closing stress was observed to be different, and had more influence on the growth rate, than crack opening stress. Crack growth rate was largely controlled by the minimum temperature of the cycle, which agreed with an isothermal crack propagation test. Finite element models with stationary sharp cracks captured the crack closure behaviour.

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  • 4.
    Balachandramurthi, Arun Ramanathan
    et al.
    Univ West, Sweden.
    Jaladurgam, Nitesh Raj
    Chalmers Univ Technol, Sweden.
    Kumara, Chamara
    Univ West, Sweden.
    Hansson, Thomas
    Univ West, Sweden; GKN Aerosp Sweden AB, Sweden.
    Moverare, Johan
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Engineering Materials. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering. Univ West, Sweden.
    Gardstam, Johannes
    Qunitus Technol AB, Sweden.
    Pederson, Robert
    Univ West, Sweden.
    On the Microstructure of Laser Beam Powder Bed Fusion Alloy 718 and Its Influence on the Low Cycle Fatigue Behaviour2020In: Materials, ISSN 1996-1944, E-ISSN 1996-1944, Vol. 13, no 22, article id 5198Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Additive manufacturing of Alloy 718 has become a popular subject of research in recent years. Understanding the process-microstructure-property relationship of additively manufactured Alloy 718 is crucial for maturing the technology to manufacture critical components. Fatigue behaviour is a key mechanical property that is required in applications such as gas turbines. Therefore, in the present work, low cycle fatigue behaviour of Alloy 718 manufactured by laser beam powder bed fusion process has been investigated. The material was tested in as-built condition as well as after two different thermal post-treatments. Three orientations with respect to the building direction were tested to evaluate the anisotropy. Testing was performed at room temperature under controlled amplitudes of strain. It was found that defects, inclusions, strengthening precipitates, and Youngs modulus influence the fatigue behaviour under strain-controlled conditions. The strengthening precipitates affected the deformation mechanism as well as the cycle-dependent hardening/softening behaviour. The defects and the inclusions had a detrimental effect on fatigue life. The presence of Laves phase in LB-PBF Alloy 718 did not have a detrimental effect on fatigue life. Youngs modulus was anisotropic and it contributed to the anisotropy in strain-life relationship. Pseudo-elastic stress vs. fatigue life approach could be used to handle the modulus-induced anisotropy in the strain-life relationship.

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  • 5.
    Balachandramurthi, Arun Ramanathan
    et al.
    Univ West, Sweden.
    Moverare, Johan
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Engineering Materials. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering. Univ West, Sweden.
    Dixit, Nikhil
    Univ West, Sweden.
    Deng, Dunyong
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Engineering Materials. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Pederson, Robert
    Univ West, Sweden.
    Microstructural influence on fatigue crack propagation during high cycle fatigue testing of additively manufactured Alloy 7182019In: Materials Characterization, ISSN 1044-5803, E-ISSN 1873-4189, Vol. 149, p. 82-94Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    A study of the microstructure of additively manufactured Alloy 718 was performed in order to better understand the parameters that have an influence on the fatigue properties of the material. The specimens were manufactured using two powder bed fusion techniques - Electron Beam Melting (EBM) and Selective Laser Melting (SLM). Four point bending fatigue tests were performed at room temperature with a stress ratio of R = 0.1 and 20 Hz frequency, on material that was either in hot isostatically pressed (HIP) and solution treated and aged (STA) condition or in STA condition without a prior HIP treatment. The grains in the SLM material in the HIP + STA condition have grown considerably both in the hatch and the contour regions; EBM material, in contrast, shows grain growth only in the contour region. Fractographic analysis of the specimens in HIP + STA condition showed a faceted appearance while the specimens in STA condition showed a more planar crack appearance. The crack propagation occurred in a transgranular mode and it was found that precipitates such as NbC, TiN or 8-phase, when present, did not affect the crack path. The areas with larger grains corresponded to the faceted appearance of the fracture surface. This could be attributed to the plastic zone ahead of the crack tip being confined within one grain, in case of the larger grains, which promotes single shear crack growth mode.

  • 6.
    Balachandramurthi, Arun Ramanathan
    et al.
    Univ West, Sweden.
    Moverare, Johan
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Engineering Materials. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering. Univ West, Sweden.
    Dixit, Nikhil
    Univ West, Sweden.
    Pederson, Robert
    Univ West, Sweden.
    Influence of defects and as-built surface roughness on fatigue properties of additively manufactured Alloy 7182018In: Materials Science & Engineering: A, ISSN 0921-5093, E-ISSN 1873-4936, Vol. 735, p. 463-474Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Electron beam melting (EBM) and Selective Laser Melting (SLM) are powder bed based additive manufacturing (AM) processes. These, relatively new, processes offer advantages such as near net shaping, manufacturing complex geometries with a design space that was previously not accessible with conventional manufacturing processes, part consolidation to reduce number of assemblies, shorter time to market etc. The aerospace and gas turbine industries have shown interest in the EBM and the SLM processes to enable topology-optimized designs, parts with lattice structures and part consolidation. However, to realize such advantages, factors affecting the mechanical properties must be well understood - especially the fatigue properties. In the context of fatigue performance, apart from the effect of different phases in the material, the effect of defects in terms of both the amount and distribution and the effect of "rough" as-built surface must be studied in detail. Fatigue properties of Alloy 718, a Ni-Fe based superalloy widely used in the aerospace engines is investigated in this study. Four point bending fatigue tests have been performed at 20 Hz in room temperature at different stress ranges to compare the performance of the EBM and the SLM material to the wrought material. The experiment aims to assess the differences in fatigue properties between the two powder bed AM processes as well as assess the effect of two post-treatment methods namely - machining and hot isostatic pressing (HIP). Fractography and metallography have been performed to explain the observed properties. Both HIPing and machining improve the fatigue performance; however, a large scatter is observed for machined specimens. Fatigue properties of SLM material approach that of wrought material while in EBM material defects severely affect the fatigue life.

  • 7.
    Balachandramurthi, Arun Ramanathan
    et al.
    Univ West, Sweden.
    Moverare, Johan
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Engineering Materials. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering. Univ West, Sweden.
    Hansson, Thomas
    Univ West, Sweden; GKN Aerosp Sweden AB, Sweden.
    Pederson, Robert
    Univ West, Sweden.
    Anisotropic fatigue properties of Alloy 718 manufactured by Electron Beam Powder Bed Fusion2020In: International Journal of Fatigue, ISSN 0142-1123, E-ISSN 1879-3452, Vol. 141, article id 105898Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    In this study, Alloy 718 specimens manufactured by Electron Beam Powder Bed Fusion process are subjected to two different post-treatments to have different microstructural features. Low cycle fatigue testing has been performed both parallel and transverse to the build direction. EB-PBF Alloy 718 exhibits anisotropic fatigue behaviour; the fatigue life is better along the parallel direction compared to the transverse direction. The anisotropy in fatigue life is related to the anisotropy in the Youngs modulus. The pseudo-elastic stress vs. fatigue life approach is presented as a potential solution to handle anisotropy in fatigue life assessment of additively manufactured engineering components.

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  • 8.
    Balachandramurthi, Arun Ramanathan
    et al.
    Univ West, Sweden.
    Moverare, Johan
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Engineering Materials. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering. Univ West, Sweden.
    Mahade, Satyapal
    Univ West, Sweden.
    Pederson, Robert
    Univ West, Sweden.
    Additive Manufacturing of Alloy 718 via Electron Beam Melting: Effect of Post-Treatment on the Microstructure and the Mechanical Properties2019In: Materials, ISSN 1996-1944, E-ISSN 1996-1944, Vol. 12, no 1, article id 68Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Alloy 718 finds application in gas turbine engine components, such as turbine disks, compressor blades and so forth, due to its excellent mechanical and corrosion properties at elevated temperatures. Electron beam melting (EBM) is a recent addition to the list of additive manufacturing processes and has shown the capability to produce components with unique microstructural features. In this work, Alloy 718 specimens were manufactured using the EBM process with a single batch of virgin plasma atomized powder. One set of as-built specimens was subjected to solution treatment and ageing (STA); another set of as-built specimens was subjected to hot isostatic pressing (HIP), followed by STA (and referred to as HIP+STA). Microstructural analysis of as-built specimens, STA specimens and HIP+STA specimens was carried out using optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Typical columnar microstructure, which is a characteristic of the EBM manufactured alloy, was observed. Hardness evaluation of the as-built, STA and HIP+STA specimens showed that the post-treatments led to an increase in hardness in the range of similar to 50 HV1. Tensile properties of the three material conditions (as-built, STA and HIP+STA) were evaluated. Post-treatments lead to an increase in the yield strength (YS) and the ultimate tensile strength (UTS). HIP+STA led to improved elongation compared to STA due to the closure of defects but YS and UTS were comparable for the two post-treatment conditions. Fractographic analysis of the tensile tested specimens showed that the closure of shrinkage porosity and the partial healing of lack of fusion (LoF) defects were responsible for improved properties. Fatigue properties were evaluated in both STA and HIP+STA conditions. In addition, three surface conditions were also investigated, namely the raw as-built surface, the machined surface with the contour region and the machined surface without the contour region. Machining off the contour region completely together with HIP+STA led to significant improvement in fatigue performance.

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  • 9.
    Barba, D.
    et al.
    Univ Oxford, England.
    Alabort, E.
    Univ Oxford, England.
    Garcia-Gonzalez, D.
    Univ Oxford, England.
    Moverare, Johan
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Engineering Materials. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Reed, R. C.
    Univ Oxford, England.
    Jerusalem, A.
    Univ Oxford, England.
    A thermodynamically consistent constitutive model for diffusion-assisted plasticity in Ni-based superalloys2018In: International journal of plasticity, ISSN 0749-6419, E-ISSN 1879-2154, Vol. 105, p. 74-98Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    An elasto-viscoplastic thermodynamically consistent constitutive model for diffusion-assisted phase transformations is presented here. The model accounts for the different deformation mechanisms, their time dependence, the crystal rotations produced by microtwin propagation and the chemistry-plasticity coupling occurring at high temperature. It is applied to the study of the chemically assisted microtwinning observed in Ni-based superalloys in the temperature range of 600-800 degrees C. The model parameters are calibrated against multi-directional mechanical data from tensile creep tests of single crystal superalloy MD2. The constitutive model is then implemented into a crystal plasticity finite element code to study the activation of the different deformation mechanisms within single crystal and polycrystalline aggregates. Doing so, a relation between the rotations of the crystal and the creep life of the different crystal orientations is established. The results eventually reveal the critical role of the strong anisotropy of microtwin formation on the asymmetric behavior of the alloy and its relevant role on the mechanical performance.

  • 10.
    Blomstedt, Mats
    et al.
    Siemens Industrial Turbomachinery AB, Finspång.
    Lindgren, Håkan
    Siemens Industrial Turbomachinery AB, Finspång.
    Olausson, Hans-Lennart
    Siemens Industrial Turbomachinery AB, Finspång.
    Moverare, Johan
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Engineering Materials. Linköping University, The Institute of Technology.
    Innovative starting procedure of Siemens SGT-600 in cold climate conditions2011In: ASME 2011 Turbo Expo:Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition: Volume 4: Cycle Innovations; Fans and Blowers; Industrial and Cogeneration; Manufacturing Materials and Metallurgy; Marine; Oil and Gas Applications, The American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME) , 2011, Vol. 4, p. 1021-1026Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    A start-up of a gas turbine means that stress and forces are put on the machine. A start-up in cold climate conditions means that the forces are more critical since the material in the machine becomes more brittle. At a certain temperature the material is utilized to its limits (with appropriate margins applied) and for the SGT-600 ambient temperatures below -30°C (-22°F) become critical. In earlier installations in an arctic climate, an electric pre- heater has been utilized to prevent the critical components from becoming too brittle. This additional hardware costs money, is consuming auxiliary power and may contribute to unavailability. Another way to solve this issue may be to install material that is less brittle, but this will also increase the cost of the installation. Siemens is now applying an improved control logic during start-up, solving this issue in the software, without any additional hardware and avoiding unnecessary material changes. This new innovative start-up procedure is performing an automatic check of the stress levels before loading the machine, resulting in a safe and reliable start at temperatures below -30°C (-22°F). 

  • 11.
    Busse, Christian
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Solid Mechanics. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Gustafsson, D.
    Siemens Ind Turbomachinery AB, Sweden.
    Palmert, Frans
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Engineering Materials. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Sjodin, B.
    Siemens Ind Turbomachinery AB, Sweden.
    Almroth, P.
    Siemens Ind Turbomachinery AB, Sweden.
    Moverare, Johan
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Engineering Materials. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Simonsson, Kjell
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Solid Mechanics. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Leidermark, Daniel
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Solid Mechanics. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Criteria evaluation for the transition of cracking modes in a single-crystal nickel-base superalloy2020In: Theoretical and applied fracture mechanics (Print), ISSN 0167-8442, E-ISSN 1872-7638, Vol. 106, article id 102453Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Single-crystal nickel-base superalloys frequently experience two distinct fatigue crack growth modes. It has been observed that, under certain conditions, cracks transition from a path perpendicular to the loading direction to a crystallographic slip plane. As crystallographic cracking is associated with an increased fatigue crack growth rate, it is important to be able to predict when this transition occurs. In this work three different criteria for crystallographic cracking based on resolved anisotropic stress intensity factors are evaluated in a three-dimensional finite element context. The criteria were calibrated and evaluated using isothermal fatigue experiments on two different specimen geometries. It is suggested by the results, that a threshold value of a resolved shear stress intensity factor can act as a conservative criterion indicating cracking mode transition. Further, a trend hinting towards a loading frequency dependency could be observed.

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  • 12.
    Busse, Christian
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Solid Mechanics. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Gustafsson, David
    Siemens Ind Turbomachinery AB, Sweden.
    Rasmusson, Patrik
    Siemens Ind Turbomachinery AB, Sweden.
    Sjodin, Bjorn
    Siemens Ind Turbomachinery AB, Sweden.
    Moverare, Johan
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Engineering Materials. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Simonsson, Kjell
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Solid Mechanics. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Leidermark, Daniel
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Solid Mechanics. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Three-Dimensional LEFM Prediction of Fatigue Crack Propagation in a Gas Turbine Disk Material at Component Near Conditions2016In: Journal of engineering for gas turbines and power, ISSN 0742-4795, E-ISSN 1528-8919, Vol. 138, no 4, article id 042506Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    In this paper, the possibility to use linear elastic fracture mechanics (LEFM), with and without a superimposed residual stress field, to predict fatigue crack propagation in the gas turbine disk material Inconel 718 has been studied. A temperature of 400 degrees C and applied strain ranges corresponding to component near conditions have been considered. A three-dimensional crack propagation software was used for determining the stress intensity factors (SIFs) along the crack path. In the first approach, a linear elastic material behavior was used when analyzing the material response. The second approach extracts the residual stresses from an uncracked model with perfectly plastic material behavior after one loading cycle. As a benchmark, the investigated methods are compared to experimental tests, where the cyclic lifetimes were calculated by an integration of Paris law. When comparing the results, it can be concluded that the investigated approaches give good results, at least for longer cracks, even though plastic flow was taking place in the specimen. The pure linear elastic simulation overestimates the crack growth for all crack lengths and gives conservative results over all considered crack lengths. Noteworthy with this work is that the 3D-crack propagation could be predicted with the two considered methods in an LEFM context, although plastic flow was present in the specimens during the experiments.

  • 13.
    Busse, Christian
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Solid Mechanics. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Loureiro Homs, Jordi
    Siemens Ind Turbomachinery AB, Sweden.
    Gustafsson, David
    Siemens Ind Turbomachinery AB, Sweden.
    Palmert, Frans
    Siemens Ind Turbomachinery AB, Sweden.
    Sjodin, Bjorn
    Siemens Ind Turbomachinery AB, Sweden.
    Moverare, Johan
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Engineering Materials. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Simonsson, Kjell
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Solid Mechanics. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Leidermark, Daniel
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Solid Mechanics. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    A FINITE ELEMENT STUDY OF THE EFFECT OF CRYSTAL ORIENTATION AND MISALIGNMENT ON THE CRACK DRIVING FORCE IN A SINGLE-CRYSTAL SUPERALLOY2016In: PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME TURBO EXPO: TURBINE TECHNICAL CONFERENCE AND EXPOSITION, 2016, VOL 7A, AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS , 2016, no UNSP V07AT28A002Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The elastic and plastic anisotropy of the single-crystal materials bring many difficulties in terms of modeling, evaluation and prediction of fatigue crack growth. In this paper a single-crystal material model has been adopted to a finite element-environment, which is paired with a crack growth tool. All simulations are performed in a three-dimensional context. This methodology makes it possible to analyze complex finite element-models, which are more application-near than traditional two-dimensional models. The influence of the crystal orientation, as well as the influence of misalignments of the crystal orientation due to the casting process are investigated. It is shown that both the crystal orientation and the misalignment from the ideal crystal orientation are important for the crack driving force. The realistic maximum limit of 10 degrees misalignment is considered. It can be seen that crack growth behavior is highly influenced by the misalignment. This knowledge is of great interest for the industry in order to evaluate the crack growth in single-crystal components more accurately.

  • 14.
    Calmunger, Mattias
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Engineering Materials. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Chai, Guocai
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Engineering Materials. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering. Sandvik Materials Technology, Sandviken, Sweden.
    Eriksson, Robert
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Solid Mechanics. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Johansson, Sten
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Engineering Materials. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Moverare, Johan J.
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Engineering Materials. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Characterization of austenitic stainless steels deformed at elevated temperature2017In: Metallurgical and Materials Transactions. A, ISSN 1073-5623, E-ISSN 1543-1940, Vol. 48A, no 10, p. 4525-4538Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Highly alloyed austenitic stainless steels are promising candidates to replace more expansive nickel-based alloys within the energy-producing industry. The present study investigates the deformation mechanisms by microstructural characterisation, mechanical properties and stress-strain response of three commercial austenitic stainless steels and two commercial nickel-based alloys using uniaxial tensile tests at elevated temperatures from 400 C up to 700 C. The materials showed different influence of temperature on ductility, where the ductility at elevated temperatures increased with increasing nickel and solid solution hardening element content. The investigated materials showed planar dislocation driven deformation at elevated temperature. Scanning electron microscopy showed that deformation twins were an active deformation mechanism in austenitic stainless steels during tensile deformation at elevated temperatures up to 700 C.

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  • 15.
    Calmunger, Mattias
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Engineering Materials. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Chai, Guocai
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Engineering Materials. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering. Sandvik Materials Technology,Sandviken, Sweden.
    Johansson, Sten
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Engineering Materials. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Moverare, Johan
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Engineering Materials. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Creep and Fatigue Interaction Behavior in Sanicro 25 Heat Resistant Austenitic Stainless Steel2016In: Transactions of the Indian Institute of Metals, ISSN 0972-2815, E-ISSN 0975-1645, Vol. 69, no 2, p. 337-342Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Sanicro 25 is a newly developed advanced high strength heat resistant austenitic stainless steel. The material shows good resistance to steam oxidation and flue gas corrosion, and has higher creep rupture strength than other austenitic stainless steels available today. It is thus an excellent candidate for superheaters and reheaters for advanced ultra-super critical power plants with efficiency higher than 50 %. This paper provides a study on the creep–fatigue interaction behavior of Sanicro 25 at 700 °C. Two strain ranges, 1 and 2 %, and two dwell times, 10 and 30 min, were used. The influences of dwell time on the cyclic deformation behavior and life has been evaluated. Due to stress relaxation the dwell time causes a larger plastic strain range compared to the tests without dwell time. The results also show that the dwell time leads to a shorter fatigue life for the lower strain range, but has no or small effect on the life for the higher strain range. Fracture investigations show that dwell times result in more intergranular cracking. With the use of the electron channeling contrast imaging technique, the influences of dwell time on the cyclic plastic deformation, precipitation behavior, recovery phenomena and local plasticity exhaustion have also been studied.

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  • 16.
    Calmunger, Mattias
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Engineering Materials. Linköping University, The Institute of Technology.
    Chai, Guocai
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Engineering Materials. Linköping University, The Institute of Technology. Sandvik Materials Technology, Sandviken, Sweden.
    Johansson, Sten
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Engineering Materials. Linköping University, The Institute of Technology.
    Moverare, Johan
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Engineering Materials. Linköping University, The Institute of Technology.
    Damage and Fracture Behaviours in Advanced Heat Resistant Materials During Slow Strain Rate Test at High Temperature2013Conference paper (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    As a renewable energy resource, biomass or biomass co-firing in coal-fired power plants with high efficiency are desired which corresponding to elevated temperature and high pressure. An upgrade of the material performance to austenitic stainless steels is therefore required in order to meet the increased demands due to the higher temperature and the more corrosive environment. These materials suffer from creep and fatigue damage during the service. In this study, these behaviours are evaluated using slow strain rate testing (SSRT) with strain rate down to 1*10-6/s at temperature up to 700°C. The influence of temperature and strain rate on strength and ductility in one austenitic stainless steel and one nickel base alloys are investigated. The damage and fracture due to the interaction between moving dislocations and precipitates are studied using electron channelling contrast imaging (ECCI) and electron backscattering diffraction (EBSD). The deformation and damage mechanisms active during SSRT are essentially the same as under creep. The influence of dynamic strain ageing (DSA) phenomena that appears in the tested temperature and strain rate regime is also discussed, DSA is intensified by increased temperature and decreased strain rate.

  • 17.
    Calmunger, Mattias
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Engineering Materials. Linköping University, The Institute of Technology.
    Chai, Guocai
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Engineering Materials. Linköping University, The Institute of Technology. Sandvik Materials Technology, Sandviken, Sweden.
    Johansson, Sten
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Engineering Materials. Linköping University, The Institute of Technology.
    Moverare, Johan
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Engineering Materials. Linköping University, The Institute of Technology.
    Damage and Fracture Behaviours in Aged Austentic Materials During High-Temperature Slow Strain Rate Testing2014Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Biomass power plants with high efficiency are desired as a renewable energy resource. High efficiency can be obtained by increasing temperature and pressure. An upgrade of the material performance to high temperature material is therefore required in order to meet the increased demands due to the higher temperature and the more corrosive environment. In this study, the material’s high-temperature behaviours of AISI 304 and Alloy617 under slow deformation rate are evaluated using high-temperature long-term aged specimens subjected to slow strain rate tensile testing (SSRT) with strain rates down to 10-6/s at 700°C. Both materials show decreasing stress levels and elongation to fracture when tensile deformed using low strain rate and elevated temperature. At high-temperature and low strain rates cracking in grain boundaries due to larger precipitates formed during deformation is the most common fracture mechanism.

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  • 18.
    Calmunger, Mattias
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Engineering Materials. Linköping University, The Institute of Technology.
    Chai, Guocai
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Engineering Materials. Linköping University, The Institute of Technology.
    Johansson, Sten
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Engineering Materials. Linköping University, The Institute of Technology.
    Moverare, Johan
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Engineering Materials. Linköping University, The Institute of Technology.
    Deformation and damage behaviours of austenitic alloys in the dynamic strain ageing regimeManuscript (preprint) (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    Deformation and damage behaviours influenced by dynamic strain ageing (DSA) in three austenitic stainless steels and two nickel-base alloys have been investigated using tensile tests at elevated temperatures. The deformation and damage behaviours have been analysed using electron channeling contrast imaging and electron backscatter diffraction. The results from this study show that DSA not always reduce ductility, in fact for some materials the ductility can increase in the DSA regime. This is attributed to the formation of nano twins by DSA stimulated twinning induced plasticity. Damage mechanisms due to DSA were also investigated and discussed.

  • 19.
    Calmunger, Mattias
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Engineering Materials. Linköping University, The Institute of Technology.
    Chai, Guocai
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Engineering Materials. Linköping University, The Institute of Technology. Sandvik Materials Technology, Sandviken, Sweden.
    Johansson, Sten
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Engineering Materials. Linköping University, The Institute of Technology.
    Moverare, Johan
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Engineering Materials. Linköping University, The Institute of Technology.
    Deformation behaviour in advanced heat resistant materials during slow strain rate testing at elevated temperature2014In: Theoretical and Applied Mechanics Letters, ISSN 2095-0349, Vol. 4, no 041004Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    In this study, slow strain rate tensile testing at elevated temperature is used to evaluate the influence of temperature and strain rate on deformation behaviour in two different austenitic alloys. One austenitic stainless steel (AISI 316L) and one nickel-base alloy (Alloy 617) have been investigated. Scanning electron microscopy related techniques as electron channelling contrast imaging and electron backscattering diffraction have been used to study the damage and fracture micromechanisms. For both alloys the dominante damage micromechanisms are slip bands and planar slip interacting with grain bounderies or precipitates causing strain concentrations. The dominante fracture micromechanism when using a slow strain rate at elevated temperature, is microcracks at grain bounderies due to grain boundery embrittlement caused by precipitates. The decrease in strain rate seems to have a small influence on dynamic strain ageing at 650°C.

  • 20.
    Calmunger, Mattias
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Engineering Materials. Linköping University, The Institute of Technology.
    Chai, Guocai
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Engineering Materials. Linköping University, The Institute of Technology.
    Johansson, Sten
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Engineering Materials. Linköping University, The Institute of Technology.
    Moverare, Johan
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Engineering Materials. Linköping University, The Institute of Technology.
    Influence of deformation rate on mechanical response of an AISI 316L austenitic stainless steel2014In: Advanced Materials Research, ISSN 1022-6680, E-ISSN 1662-8985, Vol. 922, p. 49-54Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Austenitic stainless steels are often used for components in demanding environment. These materials can withstand elevated temperatures and corrosive atmosphere like in energy producing power plants. They can be plastically deformed at slow strain rates and high alternating or constant tensile loads such as fatigue and creep at elevated temperatures. This study investigates how deformation rates influence mechanical properties of an austenitic stainless steel. The investigation includes tensile testing using strain rates of 2*10-3/ and 10-6/s at elevated temperatures up to 700°C. The material used in this study is AISI 316L. When the temperature is increasing the strength decreases. At a slow strain rate and elevated temperature the stress level decreases gradually with increasing plastic deformation probably due to dynamic recovery and dynamic recrystallization. However, with increasing strain rate elongation to failure is decreasing. AISI 316L show larger elongation to failure when using a strain rate of 10-6/s compared with 2*10-3/s at each temperature. Electron channelling contrast imaging is used to characterize the microstructure and discuss features in the microstructure related to changes in mechanical properties. Dynamic recrystallization has been observed and is related to damage and cavity initiation and propagation.

  • 21.
    Calmunger, Mattias
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Engineering Materials. Linköping University, The Institute of Technology.
    Chai, Guocai
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Engineering Materials. Linköping University, The Institute of Technology.
    Johansson, Sten
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Engineering Materials. Linköping University, The Institute of Technology.
    Moverare, Johan
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Engineering Materials. Linköping University, The Institute of Technology.
    Influence of Dynamic Strain Ageing on Damage in Austenitic Stainless Steels2012Conference paper (Other academic)
  • 22.
    Calmunger, Mattias
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Engineering Materials. Linköping University, The Institute of Technology.
    Chai, Guocai
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Engineering Materials. Linköping University, The Institute of Technology. Sandvik Materials Technology, Sandviken, sweden.
    Johansson, Sten
    Linköping University, The Institute of Technology. Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Engineering Materials.
    Moverare, Johan
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Engineering Materials. Linköping University, The Institute of Technology.
    Influence of High Temperature Ageing on the Toughness of Advanced Heat Resistant Materials2013Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Advanced biomass, biomass co-firing in coal-fired and future advanced USC coal-fired power plants with high efficiency require the materials to be used at even higher temperature under higher pressure. The reliability and integrity of the material used are therefore of concern. In this study, the influence of ageing at temperatures up to 700°C for up to 3 000 hours on the toughness of two advanced heat resistant austenitic steels and one nickel alloy are investigated. The influence on toughness due to differences in the chemical composition as well as the combined effect of precipitation and growth of the precipitates has been analysed by using SEM techniques. The fracture mechanisms that are active for the different ageing treatments are identified as a function of temperature and time. Local approach methods are used to discuss the influence of the precipitation and growth of precipitates on the toughness or fracture in  the different aged materials.

  • 23.
    Calmunger, Mattias
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Engineering Materials. Linköping University, The Institute of Technology.
    Chai, Guocai
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Engineering Materials. Linköping University, The Institute of Technology. Sandvik Materials Technology, Sandviken, Sweden.
    Johansson, Sten
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Engineering Materials. Linköping University, The Institute of Technology.
    Moverare, Johan
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Engineering Materials. Linköping University, The Institute of Technology.
    Long Term High-Temperature Environmental Effect on Impact Toughness in Austenitic Alloys2015In: / [ed] Key Engineering Materials Vol 627 (2015),pp 205-208., 2015, p. 205-308Conference paper (Refereed)
  • 24.
    Calmunger, Mattias
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Engineering Materials. Linköping University, The Institute of Technology.
    Chai, Guocai
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Engineering Materials. Linköping University, The Institute of Technology. Sandvik Materials Technology, Strategy research, SE-81181 Sandviken, Sweden.
    Johansson, Sten
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Engineering Materials. Linköping University, The Institute of Technology.
    Moverare, Johan
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Engineering Materials. Linköping University, The Institute of Technology.
    Mechanical behaviors of alloy 617 with varied strain rates at high temperatures2014In: THERMEC 2013, Trans Tech Publications Ltd , 2014, Vol. 783-786, p. 1182-1187Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Nickel base alloys due to their high performances have been widely used in biomass and coal fired power plants. They can undertake plastic deformation with different strain rates such as those typically seen during creep and fatigue at elevated temperatures. In this study, the mechanical behaviors of Alloy 617 with strain rates from 10-2/s down to 10-6/s at temperatures of 650C and 700C have been studied using tensile tests. Furthermore, the microstructures have been investigated using electron backscatter detection and electron channeling contrast imaging. At relatively high strain rate, the alloy shows higher fracture strains at these temperatures. The microstructure investigation shows that it is caused by twinning induced plasticity due to DSA. The fracture strain reaches the highest value at a strain rate of 10-4/s and then it decreases dramatically. At strain rate of 10-6/s, the fracture strain at high temperature is now smaller than that at room temperature, and the strength also decreases with further decreasing strain rate. Dynamic recrystallization can also be observed usually combined with crack initiation and propagation. This is a new type of observation and the mechanisms involved are discussed. © (2014) Trans Tech Publications, Switzerland.

  • 25.
    Calmunger, Mattias
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Engineering Materials. Linköping University, The Institute of Technology.
    Chai, Guocai
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Engineering Materials. Linköping University, The Institute of Technology.
    Johansson, Sten
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Engineering Materials. Linköping University, The Institute of Technology.
    Moverare, Johan
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Engineering Materials. Linköping University, The Institute of Technology.
    Mechanical Behaviours of Alloy 617 with Varied Strain Rate at High Temperatures2014In: Materials Science Forum, ISSN 0255-5476, E-ISSN 1662-9752, Vol. 783-786, p. 1182-1187Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Nickel-base alloys due to their high performances have been widely used in biomass and coal fired power plants. They can undertake plastic deformation with different strain rates such as those typically seen during creep and fatigue at elevated temperatures. In this study, the mechanical behaviours of Alloy 617 with strain rates from 10-2/s down to 10-6/s at temperatures of 650°C and 700°C have been studied using tensile tests. Furthermore, the microstructures have been investigated using electron backscatter detection and electron channeling contrast imaging. At relatively high strain rate, the alloy shows higher fracture strains at these temperatures. The microstructure investigation shows that it is caused by twinning induced plasticity due to DSA. The fracture strain reaches the highest value at a strain rate of 10-4/s and then it decreases  dramatically. At strain rate of 10-6/s, the fracture strain at high temperature is now smaller than that at room temperature, and the strength also decreases with further decreasing strain rate. Dynamic recrystallization can also be observed usually combined with crack initiation and propagation. This is a new type of observation and the mechanisms involved are discussed.

  • 26.
    Calmunger, Mattias
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Engineering Materials. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Eriksson, Robert
    Siemens Industrial Turbomachinery AB, Berlin.
    Chai, Guocai
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Engineering Materials. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Johansson, Sten
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Engineering Materials. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Högberg, Jan
    AB Sandvik Materials Technology R&D Center Sandviken.
    Moverare, Johan
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Engineering Materials. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Local Surface Phase Stability During Cyclic Oxidation Process2017In: Materials Science Forum, ISSN 0255-5476, E-ISSN 1662-9752, Vol. 879, p. 855-860Article in journal (Refereed)
  • 27.
    Calmunger, Mattias
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Engineering Materials. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Eriksson, Robert
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Solid Mechanics. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Chai, Guocai
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Engineering Materials. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Johansson, Sten
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Engineering Materials. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Moverare, Johan
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Engineering Materials. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Influence of Cyclic Oxidation in Moist Air on Surface Oxidation-Affected Zones2017Conference paper (Refereed)
  • 28.
    Calmunger, Mattias
    et al.
    Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering. Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Engineering Materials.
    Eriksson, Robert
    Siemens AG, Huttenstr. 12, 10553 Berlin, Germany.
    Chai, Guocai
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Engineering Materials. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering. Sandviken, Sweden.
    Johansson, Sten
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Engineering Materials. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Moverare, Johan
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Engineering Materials. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Surface Phase Transformation in Austenitic Stainless Steel Induced by Cyclic Oxidation in Humidified Air2015In: Corrosion Science, ISSN 0010-938X, E-ISSN 1879-0496, Vol. 100, p. 524-534Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The formation of α’ martensite at the surface of an AISI 304 stainless steel subjected to cyclic heating in humidified air is reported. The α’ martensite formed during the cooling part of the cyclic tests due to local depletion of Cr and Mn and transformed back to austenite when the temperature again rose to 650 °C. The size of the α’ martensite region increased with increasing number of cycles. Thermodynamical simulations were used as basis for discussing the formation of α’ martensite. The effect of the α’ martensite on corrosion is also discussed.

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  • 29.
    Calmunger, Mattias
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Engineering Materials. Linköping University, The Institute of Technology.
    Moverare, Johan
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Engineering Materials. Linköping University, The Institute of Technology.
    Evaluation of Creep Properties Using Slow Strain Rate Tensile Testing2015Conference paper (Other academic)
  • 30.
    Calmunger, Mattias
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Engineering Materials. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Moverare, Johan
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Engineering Materials. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Johansson, Sten
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Engineering Materials. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Chai, Guocai
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Engineering Materials. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering. Sandvik Materials Technology, Sandviken, Sweden.
    Characterisation of creep deformation during slow strain rate tensile testing2015Manuscript (preprint) (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    The strain-rate dependent deformation of the superalloy Haynes 282 during slow strain-rate tensile testing (SSRT) at 700 C has been investigated. The stress-strain response is remarkably well described by a simple constitutive model over a wide range of different strain-rates. The microstructure development is characterised and related to the influence of both strainrate dependent and independent deformation. Damage and cracking similar to what has been observed previously during conventional creep testing of Haynes 282 was found and explained. The model and the microstructure investigations show that the deformation and damage mechanisms during SSRT are essentially the same as under creep.

  • 31.
    Calmunger, Mattias
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Engineering Materials. Linköping University, The Institute of Technology.
    Peng, Ru
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Engineering Materials. Linköping University, The Institute of Technology.
    Chai, Guocai
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Engineering Materials. Linköping University, The Institute of Technology. Sandvik Materials Technology, Sandviken, Sweden.
    Johansson, Sten
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Engineering Materials. Linköping University, The Institute of Technology.
    Moverare, Johan
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Engineering Materials. Linköping University, The Institute of Technology.
    Advanced Microstructure Studies of an Austenitic Material Using EBSD in Elevated Temperature In-Situ Tensile Testing in SEM2014Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    In this study an advanced method for investigation of the microstructure such as electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) together with in-situ tensile test in a scanning electron microscope (SEM) has been used at room temperature and 300°C. EBSD analyses provide information about crystallographic orientation in the microstructure and dislocation structures caused by deformation. The in-situ tensile tests enabled the same area to be investigated at different strain levels. For the same macroscopic strain values a lower average misorientation in individual grains at elevated temperature indicates that less residual strain at grain level are developed compared to room temperature. For both temperatures, while large scatters in grain average misorientation are observed for grains of similar size, there seems to be a tendency showing that larger grains may accumulate somewhat more strains.

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  • 32.
    Calmunger, Mattias
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Engineering Materials. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Wärner, Hugo
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Engineering Materials. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Chai, Guocai
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Engineering Materials. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Johansson, Sten
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Engineering Materials. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Moverare, Johan
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Engineering Materials. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    High Temperature Properties of Austenitic Stainless Steels for Future Power Plant Applications2019Conference paper (Refereed)
  • 33.
    Chai, Guocai
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Engineering Materials. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Calmunger, Mattias
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Engineering Materials. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Johansson, Sten
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Engineering Materials. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Moverare, Johan
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Engineering Materials. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Toughening Behavior in Alloy 617 with Long Term Ageing2017In: Solid State Phenomena, ISSN 1012-0394, E-ISSN 1662-9779, Vol. 258, p. 302-305Article in journal (Refereed)
  • 34.
    Chai, Guocai
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Engineering Materials. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering. Sandvik Materials Technology, Strategy research, Sandviken, Sweden.
    Calmunger, Mattias
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Engineering Materials. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Johansson, Sten
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Engineering Materials. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Moverare, Johan
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Engineering Materials. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Odqvist, Joakim
    Sandvik Materials Technology, Strategy research, Sandviken, Sweden.
    Influence of Dynamic Strain Ageing and Long Term Ageing on Deformation and Fracture Behaviors of Alloy 6172016In: THERMEC 2016 / [ed] C. Sommitsch, M. Ionescu, B. Mishra, E. Kozeschnik and T. Chandra, Trans Tech Publications, 2016, Vol. 879, p. 306-311Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Influences of dynamic strain ageing and long term ageing on deformation, damage and fracture behaviors of Alloy 617 material have been studied. Dynamic strain ageing can occur in this alloy at temperature from 400 to 700°C, which leads to a strain hardening and also an increase in fracture strain due to plastic deformation caused by twinning. Long term ageing at 700°C for up to 20 000 hours can cause different precipitation such as γ ́, M6C (Mo-rich) and M23C6 (Cr-rich) carbides. These carbides are both inter-and intra-granular particles. The long term ageing reduces the fracture toughness of the material, but the alloy can still have rather high impact toughness and fracture toughness even with an ageing at 700°C for 20 000 hour. The mechanisms have been studied using electron backscatter detection and electron channeling contrast imaging. It shows that besides dislocation slip, twinning is another main deformation mechanism in these aged Alloy 617 materials. At the crack front, plenty of micro or nanotwins can be observed. The formation of these twins leads to a high ductility and toughness which is a new observation or a new concept for this type of material.

  • 35.
    Chen, Jialiang
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Engineering Materials. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Xu, Jinghao
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Engineering Materials. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Segersäll, Mikael
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Engineering Materials. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Hryha, Eduard
    Chalmers Univ Technol, Sweden.
    Peng, Ru
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Engineering Materials. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Moverare, Johan
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Engineering Materials. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Cyclic Deformation Behavior of Additive-Manufactured IN738LC Superalloys from Virgin and Reused Powders2022In: Materials, ISSN 1996-1944, E-ISSN 1996-1944, Vol. 15, no 24, article id 8925Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    In laser powder bed fusion (L-PBF), most powders are not melted in the chamber and collected after the printing process. Powder reuse is appreciable without sacrificing the mechanical properties of target components. To understand the influences of powder reuse on mechanical performance, a nickel-based superalloy, IN738LC, was investigated. Powder morphology, microstructure and chemical compositions of virgin and reused powders were characterized. An increase in oxygen content, generally metallic oxides, was located on the surface of powders. Monotonic tensile and cyclic fatigue were tested. Negligible deterioration in strength and tensile ductility were found, while scattered fatigue performance with regard to fatigue life was shown. Deformation and fatigue crack propagation mechanisms were discussed for describing the powder degradation effects.

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  • 36.
    Chen, Zhe
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Engineering Materials. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Moverare, Johan
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Engineering Materials. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Peng, Ru
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Engineering Materials. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Johansson, Sten
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Engineering Materials. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Surface Integrity and Fatigue Performance of Inconel 718 in Wire Electrical Discharge Machining2016In: 3RD CIRP CONFERENCE ON SURFACE INTEGRITY, 2016, Vol. 45, p. 307-310Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    This paper presents a study to characterize the surface integrity in wire electrical discharge machining (EDM) of Inconel 718 and investigate its effect on the fatigue performance of the alloy in a four-point bending fatigue mode at room temperature. The EDM process generates a rough recast surface with multi-types of defects. Surface craters, micro-cracks and micro-voids within the recast layer have been found to be most detrimental from the point of view of fatigue as they could provide many preferential initiation sites for fatigue cracks. As a consequence, the specimens with an EDM cut surface show an approximately 30% decrease in fatigue life compared to those with a polished surface, and multiple crack origins were observed on the fracture surface. The high tensile residual stresses generated on the EDM cut surface, on the other hand, are also believed to be partly responsible for the loss in fatigue life of the alloy machined by EDM.

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  • 37.
    Chen, Zhe
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Engineering Materials. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Moverare, Johan
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Engineering Materials. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Peng, Ru
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Engineering Materials. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Johansson, Sten
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Engineering Materials. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Gustafsson, David
    Siemens Industrial Turbomachinery AB, SE-61283 Finspång, Sweden.
    On the Conjoint Influence of Broaching and Heat Treatment on Bending Fatigue Behavior of Inconel 7182016In: Materials Science & Engineering: A, ISSN 0921-5093, E-ISSN 1873-4936, Vol. 671, p. 158-169Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    In this study, the conjoint effect of a broaching operation, similar to that used for machining fir-tree slots on turbine discs, and subsequent heat treatments at 550 °C and 650 °C on the fatigue performance and corresponding crack initiation behavior of forged Inconel 718 has been investigated. Four-point bending fatigue tests were conducted under load control on specimens of two groups, i.e. a polished group and a broached group, with totally six different surface conditions. Compared to the as-polished specimens, a beneficial effect of the broaching operation was found on the fatigue life due to the high compressive residual stresses on the broached surface which transfer the fatigue crack initiation from surface to sub-surface regions. Introducing a heat treatment generally deteriorated the fatigue performance of the alloy because of the oxidation assisted crack initiation, while the reduction in fatigue life was found to be more remarkable for the broached specimens, in particular when heat treated at 650 °C, as the thermal impact also led to a great relaxation of the compressive residual stresses; the combined effect, together with the substantial anomalies created by broaching on the surface, such as cracked carbides and machining grooves, caused an increased propensity to surface cracking in fatigue and consequently a loss of the lifetime. Furthermore, it was found that the occurrence of surface recrystallization at elevated temperatures in machined Inconel 718 could lead to intergranular oxidation, creating micro-notches as preferable sites for the fatigue crack initiation.

  • 38.
    Chen, Zhe
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Engineering Materials. Linköping University, The Institute of Technology.
    Peng, Ru
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Engineering Materials. Linköping University, The Institute of Technology.
    Avdovic, Pajazit
    Siemens Industrial Turbomachinery, Finspång, Sweden.
    Moverare, Johan
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Engineering Materials. Linköping University, The Institute of Technology.
    Karlsson, Fredrik
    Siemens Industrial Turbomachinery AB, Finspång, Sweden.
    Zhou, Jinming
    Division of Production and Materials Engineering, Lund university.
    Johansson, Sten
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Engineering Materials. Linköping University, The Institute of Technology.
    Analysis of Thermal Effect on Residual Stresses of Broached Inconel 7182014Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Inconel 718 is a nickel based superalloy that is widely used as a turbine disc material in gas turbine industries. This study details the effect of thermal exposure on the residual stresses produced when broaching Inconel 718. The chosen parameters for broaching in this study are similar to those used when manufacturing turbine discs. The broaching operation produced a high level of tensile residual stresses at the broached surface. A layer with tensile residual stresses was formed in the sub-surface region, followed by a layer several times thicker with compressive residual stresses. Thermal exposure was conducted at 550 °C. The depth distributions of residual stresses after thermal exposure are presented and discussed in this paper. Complete relaxation of the surface tensile residual stresses was observed after 30 h thermal exposure, whereas the 3000 h thermal exposure influenced both the surface and sub-surface residual stress states.

  • 39.
    Chen, Zhe
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Engineering Materials. Linköping University, The Institute of Technology.
    Peng, Ru Lin
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Engineering Materials. Linköping University, The Institute of Technology.
    Moverare, Johan
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Engineering Materials. Linköping University, The Institute of Technology.
    Avdovic, Pajazit
    Siemens Industrial Turbomachinery AB, Finspång, Sweden.
    Zhou, Jinming
    Division of Production and Materials Engineering, Lund university.
    Johansson, Sten
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Engineering Materials. Linköping University, The Institute of Technology.
    Surface Integrity and Structural Stability of Broached Inconel 718 at High Temperatures2016In: Metallurgical and Materials Transactions. A, ISSN 1073-5623, E-ISSN 1543-1940, Vol. 47A, no 7, p. 3664-3676Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The current study focused on the surface integrity issues associated with broaching of Inconel 718 and the structural stability of the broached specimen at high temperatures, mainly involving the microstructural changes and residual stress relaxation. The broaching operation was performed using similar cutting conditions as that used in turbo machinery industries for machining fir-tree root fixings on turbine disks. Thermal exposure was conducted at 723 K, 823 K, and 923 K (450 A degrees C, 550 A degrees C, and 650 A degrees C) for 30, 300, and 3000 hours, respectively. Surface cavities and debris dragging, sub-surface cracks, high intensity of plastic deformation, as well as the generation of tensile residual stresses were identified to be the main issues in surface integrity for the broached Inconel 718. When a subsequent heating was applied, surface recrystallization and alpha-Cr precipitation occurred beneath the broached surface depending on the applied temperature and exposure time. The plastic deformation induced by the broaching is responsible for these microstructural changes. The surface tension was completely relaxed in a short time at the temperature where surface recrystallization occurred. The tensile layer on the sub-surface, however, exhibited a much higher resistance to the stress relief annealing. Oxidation is inevitable at high temperatures. The study found that the surface recrystallization could promote the local Cr diffusion on the broached surface.

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  • 40.
    Chen, Zhe
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Engineering Materials. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Peng, Ru Lin
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Engineering Materials. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Zhou, Jinming
    Bushlya, Volodymyr
    Saoubi, Rachid M
    Johansson, Sten
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Engineering Materials. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Moverare, Johan
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Engineering Materials. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Effect of Cutting Conditions on Machinability of AD 730 TM during High Speed Turning with PCBN Tools2017Conference paper (Refereed)
  • 41.
    Chen, Zhe
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Engineering Materials. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Peng, Ru Lin
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Engineering Materials. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Zhou, Jinming
    Division of Production and Materials Engineering, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
    M'Saoubi, Rachid
    Seco Tools AB, Fagersta, Sweden.
    Gustafsson, David
    Siemens Industrial Turbomachinery AB, Finspång, Sweden.
    Moverare, Johan
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Engineering Materials. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Effect of Machining Parameters on Cutting Force and Surface Integrity when High-Speed Turning AD730™ with PCBN Tools2019In: The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, ISSN 0268-3768, E-ISSN 1433-3015, Vol. 100, no 9-12, p. 2601-2615Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The novel wrought nickel-based superalloy, AD 730™, is a good candidate material for turbine disc applications at high temperatures beyond 650 °C. The present study focuses on the machining performance of this newly developed alloy under high-speed turning conditions with advanced PCBN tools. Meanwhile, the machined surface integrity as influenced by cutting speed and feed rate was also investigated. The surface integrity was thoroughly characterized in terms of surface roughness and morphology, machining-induced plastic deformation, white layer formation, and residual stresses. It has been found that the cutting speed and feed rate had a strong effect on the cutting forces and resultant surface integrity. The cutting forces required when machining the alloy were gradually reduced with increasing cutting speed, while at 250 m/min and above, the flank tool wear became stronger which led to increased thrust force and feed force. A higher feed rate, on the other hand, always resulted in higher cutting forces. Increasing the cutting speed and feed rate in general deteriorated the surface integrity. High cutting speeds within the range of 200–250 m/min and a low feed rate of 0.1 mm/rev are preferable in order to implement more cost-effective machining without largely reducing the surface quality achieved. The formation of tensile residual stresses on the machined AD 730™, however, could be of a concern where good fatigue resistance is critical.

  • 42.
    Chen, Zhe
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Engineering Materials. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Peng, Ru
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Engineering Materials. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Moverare, Johan
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Engineering Materials. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Widman, Olle
    Ytstruktur Arboga AB, Arboga, Sweden.
    Gustafsson, David
    Siemens Industrial Turbomachinery AB, Finspång, Sweden.
    Johansson, Sten
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Engineering Materials. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Effect of Cooling and Shot Peening on Residual Stresses and Fatigue Performance of Milled Inconel 7182017In: Residual Stresses 2016 ICRS 10 / [ed] T.M. Holden, O. Muránsky, and L. Edwards, 2017, Vol. 2, p. 13-18Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The present study highlights the effect of cooling and post-machining surface treatment of shot peening on the residual stresses and corresponding fatigue life of milled superalloy Inconel 718. It was found that tensile residual stresses were created on the milled surface, regardless of the use of coolant, however, the wet milling operation led to a lower surface tension and a reduced thickness of the tensile layer. The shot peening performed on the dry-milled specimens completely annihilated the surface tensile residual tresses and introduced a high level of surface compression. A comparable fatigue life for the wet-milled specimens was obtained as compared with the specimens prepared by dry milling. This is very likely attributed to that the milling-induced surface damage with respect to cracked non-metallic inclusions is the predominant cause of the fatigue failure. The presence of the compressive layer induced by shot peening resulted in a significant increase of the fatigue life and strength, while the extent to which the lifetime was prolonged was decreased as the applied load was increased.

  • 43.
    Chen, Zhe
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Engineering Materials. Linköping University, The Institute of Technology.
    Peng, Ru
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Engineering Materials. Linköping University, The Institute of Technology.
    Zhou, Jinming
    Division of Production and Materials Engineering, Lund university.
    Moverare, Johan
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Engineering Materials. Linköping University, The Institute of Technology.
    Bushlya, Volodymyr
    Division of Production and Materials Engineering, Lund university.
    Johansson, Sten
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Engineering Materials. Linköping University, The Institute of Technology.
    ECCI and EBSD Study of Surbsurface Damages in High Speed Turning of Inconel 718 under Different Tools and Machining Parameters2013Conference paper (Refereed)
  • 44.
    Chen, Zhe
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Engineering Materials. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Zhou, Jinming
    Division of Production and Materials Engineering,Lunds University, Sweden.
    Peng, Ru Lin
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Engineering Materials. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    M'Saoubi, R
    Seco Tools AB, Fagersta, Sweden.
    Gustafsson, David
    Siemens Industrial Turbomachinery AB, Finspång, Sweden.
    Palmert, Frans
    Siemens Industrial Turbomachinery AB, Finspång.
    Moverare, Johan
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Engineering Materials. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Plastic Deformation and Residual Stress in High Speed Turning of AD730™ Nickel-based Superalloy with PCBN and WC Tools2018In: Procedia CIRP 71 (2018) pp 440-445, Elsevier, 2018, Vol. 71, p. 440-445Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    A higher gas turbine efficiency can be achieved by increasing the operating temperature in hot sections. AD730™ is a recently-developed wrought/cast nickel-based superalloy which can maintain excellent mechanical properties above 700 ℃. However, machining of AD730™ could be a difficult task like other nickel-based superalloys. Therefore, studies are needed with respect to the machinability of this new alloy.

    In this paper, high-speed turning was performed on AD730™ using polycrystalline cubic boron nitride (PCBN) tools and coated tungsten carbide (WC) tools at varied cutting speeds. The surface integrity was assessed in two important aspects, i.e., surface and sub-surface plastic deformation and residual stresses. The PCBN tools generally showed better performance compared with the WC tools since it led to reduced machining time without largely compromising the surface integrity achieved. The optimal cutting speed was identified in the range of 200-250 m/min when using the PCBN tools, which gives rise to a good combination of machining efficiency and surface integrity. The further increase of the cutting speed to 300 m/min resulted in severe and deep plastic deformation. Meanwhile, a continuous white layer was formed at the machined surface. When turning with the WC tools, the increased cutting speed from 80 m/min to 100 m/min showed very little effect with respect to the plastic deformation on the machined surface. It was found that tensile residual stresses were developed on all machined surfaces no matter when the PCBN or WC tools were used, and the surface tension was generally increased with increasing cutting speed. The tensile layer might need to be modified by e.g., post-machining surface treatments such as shot peening, if taking good fatigue performance into consideration.

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  • 45.
    Cui, Luqing
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Engineering Materials. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Deng, Dunyong
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Engineering Materials. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Jiang, Fuqing
    Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, China.
    Peng, Ru Lin
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Engineering Materials. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Xin, Tongzheng
    School of Materials Science and Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
    Mousavian, Reza Taherzadeh
    I-Form, Advanced Manufacturing Research Centre, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland.
    Yang, Zhiqing
    Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, China; Ji Hua Laboratory, Foshan, China.
    Moverare, Johan
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Engineering Materials. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Superior low cycle fatigue property from cell structures in additively manufactured 316L stainless steel2022In: Journal of Materials Science & Technology, ISSN 1005-0302, Vol. 111, p. 268-278Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    We have investigated the low cycle fatigue (LCF) properties and the extent of strengthening in a dense additively manufactured stainless steel containing different volume fractions of cell structures but having all other microstructure characteristics the same. The samples were produced by laser powder bed fusion (L-PBF), and the concentration of cell structures was varied systematically by varying the annealing treatments. Load-controlled fatigue experiments performed on samples with a high fraction of cell structures reveal an up to 23 times increase in fatigue life compared to an essentially cell-free sample of the same grain configuration. Multiscale electron microscopy characterizations reveal that the cell structures serve as the soft barriers to the dislocation propagation and the partials are the main carrier for cyclic loading. The cell structures, stabilized by the segregated atoms and misorientation between the adjacent cells, are retained during the entire plastic deformation, hence, can continuously interact with dislocations, promote the formation of nanotwins, and provide massive 3D network obstacles to the dislocation motion. The compositional micro-segregation caused by the cellular solidification features serves as another non-negligible strengthening mechanism to dislocation motion. Specifically, the cell structures with a high density of dislocation debris also appear to act as dislocation nucleation sites, very much like coherent twin boundaries. This work indicates the potential of additive manufacturing to design energy absorbent alloys with high performance by tailoring the microstructure through the printing process.

  • 46.
    Cui, Luqing
    et al.
    Xi An Jiao Tong Univ, Peoples R China.
    Deng, Dunyong
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Engineering Materials. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences.
    Jiang, Shuang
    Northeastern Univ, Peoples R China.
    Peng, Ru
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Engineering Materials. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Xin, Tongzheng
    Univ Hong Kong, Peoples R China.
    Zhang, Honghong
    Xi An Jiao Tong Univ, Peoples R China.
    Hegedues, Zoltan
    Univ Hong Kong, Peoples R China; Deutsch Elektronen Synchrotron DESY, Germany.
    Lienert, Ulrich
    Deutsch Elektronen Synchrotron DESY, Germany.
    He, Weifeng
    Xi An Jiao Tong Univ, Peoples R China.
    Moverare, Johan
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Engineering Materials. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    New insights into the anisotropic ductility of additively manufactured Inconel 7182023In: International journal of plasticity, ISSN 0749-6419, E-ISSN 1879-2154, Vol. 169, article id 103738Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Anisotropic ductility in additively manufactured (AM) alloys, namely better ductility along the building direction (BD) has been extensively studied and traditionally attributed to the crystallographic texture. However, recent studies have shown significant ductility anisotropy in weakly or non-textured AM alloys, indicating that other factors may also play critical roles. To explore this, AM Inconel 718 with weak crystallographic texture was selected as the model material, and the in-situ high-energy X-ray diffraction tests together with multiscale microstructural characterization techniques were performed to explore the deformation micromechanisms. The results of this study, for the first time, revealed that the better ductility in the vertical specimen (loading parallel to BD) was partially due to the negative stress triaxiality factor (TF) of the {220} grains during plastic deformation, which results in the shrinkage or even healing of the microvoids. Furthermore, the & delta;-phase alignment in conjunction with grain boundary orientation were also proved to have a pronounced impact on the anisotropic ductility of AM alloys. On the other hand, though in the overall weak-textured microstructure, the proportion of 101 grains were marginally over other grains. Thus, the positive effect of {220} grains on ductility was stronger than the negative effect of {200} and {311} grains, contributing to the excellent failure elongation exceeding 12% for both samples. The findings of this study shed new light on the mechanisms underlying the anisotropic ductility of AM alloys and provide insight into strategies for enhancing their performance.

  • 47.
    Cui, Luqing
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Engineering Materials. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering. Inst of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, China and School of Materials Science and Eng, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.
    Jiang, Fuqing
    Shenyang National laboratory for Materials Science, Inst of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences.
    Deng, Dunyong
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Engineering Materials. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Xin, Tongzheng
    School of Materials Science and Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.
    Sun, Xiaoyu
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Engineering Materials. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Mousavian, Reza Taherzadeh
    I-Form, Advanced Manufacturing Research Centre, Dublin City University, Ireland.
    Peng, Ru Lin
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Engineering Materials. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Yang, Zhiqing
    Shenyang National Lab of Mateials Science, Inst of Metal Research and Ji Hua Lab, Foshan, China.
    Moverare, Johan
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Engineering Materials. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Cyclic Response of Additive Manufactured 316L Stainless Steel: The Role of Cell Structures2021In: Scripta Materialia, ISSN 1359-6462, E-ISSN 1872-8456, Vol. 205, article id 114190Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    We report the effect of cell structures on the fatigue behavior of additively manufactured (AM) 316L stainless steel (316LSS). Compared with the cell-free samples, the fatigue process of fully cellular samples only consists of steady and overload stages, without an initial softening stage. Moreover, the fully cellular sample possesses higher strength, lower cyclic softening rate and longer lifetime. Microscopic analyses show no difference in grain orientations, dimensions, and shapes. However, the fully cellular samples show planar dislocation structures, whereas the cell-free samples display wavy dislocation structures. The existence of cell structures promotes the activation of planar slip, delays strain localization, and ultimately enhances the fatigue performance of AM 316LSS.

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  • 48.
    Cui, Luqing
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Engineering Materials. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Jiang, Fuqing
    Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, China.
    Peng, Ru Lin
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Engineering Materials. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Mousavian, Reza Taherzadeh
    I-Form, Advanced Manufacturing Research Centre, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland.
    Yang, Zhiqing
    Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, China; Ji Hua Laboratory, Foshan, China.
    Moverare, Johan
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Engineering Materials. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Dependence of microstructures on fatigue performance of polycrystals: A comparative study of conventional and additively manufactured 316L stainless steel2022In: International journal of plasticity, ISSN 0749-6419, E-ISSN 1879-2154, Vol. 149, article id 103172Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The fatigue properties and microstructural evolution of 316 L stainless steel (316LSS) manufactured by laser powder bed fusion (L-PBF) were systematically studied and compared with its wrought counterpart. The as-built L-PBF 316LSS shows a pronounced heterogeneity, not only structurally but also chemically, with a unique microstructure of highly serrated grain boundaries, bimodal grain structure, nano-precipitates, solidification cell structures, and chemical segregations. The microindentation test showed that the hardness of the as-built L-PBF 316LSS reached 2.589 GPa, which was about 1.6 times higher than that of the wrought solution annealed counterpart, and the sparser slip steps around indentations revealed its greater dislocation storage capability. The S-N curves indicated that the fatigue resistance of the as-built L-PBF 316LSS was significantly better than that of the wrought solution annealed samples, and this was ascribed to its unique microstructural characteristics, especially the pre-existing high-density dislocations and chemical microsegregation within cellular solidification features. Furthermore, the enhanced planar slip in L-PBF 316LSS by its unique microstructure, especially the formation of deformation twins, delays the strain localization and restrains slip band generation, thereby significantly inhibiting crack initiation, and contributing greatly to the fatigue performance. The unique cell structure appears to be more effective in improving the low-cycle fatigue performance of L-PBF 316LSS due to the enhanced ductility.

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  • 49.
    Cui, Luqing
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Engineering Materials. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering. Inst of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, China and School of Materials Science and Eng, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.
    Jiang, Shuang
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Engineering Materials. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Xu, Jinghao
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Engineering Materials. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Peng, Ru Lin
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Engineering Materials. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Mousavian, Reza Taherzadeh
    I-Form, Advanced Manufacturing Research Centre, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland.
    Moverare, Johan
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Engineering Materials. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Revealing Relationships between Microstructure and Hardening Nature of Additively Manufactured 316L Stainless Steel2021In: Materials & Design, ISSN 0261-3069, Vol. 198, article id 109385Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Relationships between microstructures and hardening nature of laser powder bed fused (L-PBF) 316 L stainless steel have been studied. Using integrated experimental efforts and calculations, the evolution of microstructure entities such as dislocation density, organization, cellular structure and recrystallization behaviors were characterized as a function of heat treatments. Furthermore, the evolution of dislocation-type, namely the geometrically necessary dislocations (GNDs) and statistically stored dislocations (SSDs), and their impacts on the hardness variation during annealing treatments for L-PBF alloy were experimentally investigated. The GND and SSD densities were statistically measured utilizing the Hough-based EBSD method and Taylor's hardening model. With the progress of recovery, the GNDs migrate from cellular walls to more energetically-favourable regions, resulting in the higher concentration of GNDs along subgrain boundaries. The SSD density decreases faster than the GND density during heat treatments, because the SSD density is more sensitive to the release of thermal distortions formed in printing. In all annealing conditions, the dislocations contribute to more than 50% of the hardness, and over 85.8% of the total dislocations are GNDs, while changes of other strengthening mechanism contributions are negligible, which draws a conclusion that the hardness of the present L-PBF alloy is governed predominantly by GNDs.

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  • 50.
    Cui, Luqing
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Engineering Materials. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering. Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, China; University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.
    Liu, Jinlai
    Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, China.
    Peng, Ru Lin
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Engineering Materials. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Yu, Jinjiang
    Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, China.
    Moverare, Johan
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Engineering Materials. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Sun, Xiaofeng
    Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, China.
    Low Cycle Fatigue Behavior and Microstructural Evolution of Nickel-based Superalloy M951G at Elevated Temperatures2020In: Materials Characterization, ISSN 1044-5803, E-ISSN 1873-4189, Vol. 163, article id 110241Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Low cycle fatigue (LCF) tests of the newly developed nickel-based superalloy M951G have been conducted at 900 and 1000 °C under different total strain amplitudes. Results show that the fatigue properties, fracture mechanisms as well as coarsening of γ′ precipitates are dependent on testing temperatures and strain amplitudes. Fatigue life and cyclic stress response under the same total strain amplitude at 1000 °C are lower than that at 900 °C, which is due to the degradation of microstructures, shearing of γ′ precipitates by dislocations and serious oxidation. Fracture modes change from intergranular cracking to the mixed mode cracking as the strain amplitude increases. At low strain amplitudes, M951G alloy fails in the form of intergranular cracking owing to the oxidation of surface carbides and the relatively low deformation rate. At higher strain amplitudes, the strain localization in grain interior, the distribution of broken carbides and eutectics as well as the relatively higher strain rate are the main reasons for the formation of transgranular microcracks. Ultimately, the effects of fatigue conditions on coarsening of cubic γ′ precipitates are also analyzed from the aspect of γ′ volume fraction, fatigue life and flow stress difference between the γ/γ′ interfaces.

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