Mit ihren 34 gesammelten Beitraegen zielt die vorliegende Publikation darauf ab, die Reihe European Yearbook of Young Legal History mit einem anspruchsvollen wissenschaftlichen Grenzbereich zusammenzufuehren. Sie naehert sich der Disziplin der Rechtsgeschichte in einem komplexen Ansatz, indem sie sich ganz bewusst ueber die ungeschriebenen roten Grenzlinien allgemein anerkannter Rechtsgeschichte hinaus begibt, welche bisher von der vorherrschenden Geschichtsschreibung gepraegt ist. Dabei gelingt es dem Band, Disziplinen benachbarter sozialwissenschaftlicher Richtungen, wie beispielsweise die der Linguistik, der Theorie Internationaler Beziehungen, der Geschichte des Altertums und sogar der Roemischen Gesetzgebung aufzugreifen und einzubeziehen. Insofern strebt dieses Projekt danach, zu einem besseren, nicht notgedrungen konfliktgeladenen Verstaendnis der interkulturellen Erzeugung gesetzlicher Praktiken, Mechanismen und Normen in Europa beizutragen.
The essay is about medieval town governance in northern Europe. By comparing English, German and Scandinavian towns, the structural similarities among medieval towns are pointed out. The roles played by the major actors within the towns: town lords, bailiffs, burgomasters, councils and the burgher communities are scrutinized, as well as their relationships to each other and how these changed over the centuries. Even though every medieval town differed from the other depending on their local conditions, a majority of towns shared a common basic structure of governance, irrespective of their geographical location and prerequisites. This is interpreted as being a result of a common town culture. The author therefore encourages wider perspecives, beyond the regional and national sphere, in studies of medieval towns.
Kometer, norrsken, jordbävningar, drakar, missbildningar och andra märkligheter ofta uppfattades de som så kallade järtecken som varslade om kommande olyckor.
I sin 400 sidor långa bok från 1500-talets andra hälft beskriver kyrkoherden Joen Petri Klint i ord och bild dessa bisarra tecken, deras uppkomst och betydelser. Han försöker finna sambandet mellan dem och efterföljande händelser såsom Johan III:s död och slaget vid Stångebro. Intresset för järtecken delade Klint med sin omvärld, inte minst med det lutherska prästerskapet i Europa. Naturfenomen betraktades av de flesta som en reaktion från Gud på människornas synder i värsta fall ett tecken på den annalkande apokalypsen.
I Järtecken analyserar historikern Sofia Gustafsson Klints tidigare förbisedda järteckenbok i ljuset av tidens lutherska föreställningsvärld. Varför skrev Klint boken och hur typiska var berättelserna i boken för sin tid?
The existence and changing of generations in family life, business and politics was a central feature of towns as well as rural societies in earlier times. Even so, it remains understudied by urban historians of the pre-modern period. This book aims to fill some of this gap, containing twelve studies of generations in late medieval and early modern European towns, ranging from the Mediterranean to the Nordic countries, with a time-span from the fourteenth to the early nineteenth century. Dealing with topics like succession and inheritance, family consciousness, as well as relations and conflicts within and between generations, the articles demonstrate the importance and potential of generational studies on pre-modern towns. The book will appeal to anyone who takes an interest in urban social and cultural history, legal and family history in medieval and early modern times.Show more Show less
How did the Swedish towns compare to the surrounding world during the late Middle Ages concerning town organization and political culture? Previous research has claimed a strong German influence on the Swedish town life, but in this dissertation the Europeanization is being put forward as the explanatory factor for the extensive international similarities that can be identified during the Middle Ages. The towns were part of an international town culture that was highly integrated. Differences between towns are foremost analysed as a result of different local conditions such as population size, social structure and relationship to the town lord.
Since preserved sources from all towns of medieval Sweden (including Finland) have been examined in a joint study and been placed in a wider context, the dissertation presents renewed and deepened knowledge about the Swedish towns. The study includes Danish, English and German towns and thus compares regions with each other that rarely have been compared before, and thereby presents new perspectives on each respective area.
The aspects of the organization that are being systematically compared are the creation of councils, the number of aldermen and mayors, the rotation of offices and functions of the town lords, bailiffs, councils, mayors and chamberlains. Regarding political culture, it is investigated how the councils expressed their group cohesiveness and power in the town and how they defined the border between themselves and the town population. Furthermore, the expectations the town populations placed on the officials and their perception of their own part in the rule of the town is being examined. Finally, the political interaction between council and town population in different towns is compared and analysed.