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  • 1.
    Angelhoff, Charlotte
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Social and Welfare Studies, Division of Nursing Science. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine. Region Östergötland, Center of Paediatrics and Gynaecology and Obstetrics, H.K.H. Kronprinsessan Victorias barn- och ungdomssjukhus.
    Askenteg, Hanna
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of Children's and Women's health. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Region Östergötland, Center of Paediatrics and Gynaecology and Obstetrics, H.K.H. Kronprinsessan Victorias barn- och ungdomssjukhus.
    Wikner, Ulrica
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of Children's and Women's health. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences.
    Edéll-Gustafsson, Ulla
    Linköping University, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Division of Nursing Science. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences.
    "To Cope with Everyday Life, I Need to Sleep" - A Phenomenographic Study Exploring Sleep Loss in Parents of Children with Atopic Dermatitis.2018In: Journal of Pediatric Nursing: Nursing Care of Children and Families, ISSN 0882-5963, E-ISSN 1532-8449, Vol. 43, p. E59-E65Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    PURPOSE: The whole family is affected when a child has atopic dermatitis (AD), and parents experience sleep disruption related to the child's condition leading to physical and mental exhaustion, mood swings, loss of concentration and lower job performance. This study aimed to explore and describe perceptions of sleep in parents of children <2 years old with AD, consequences of parental sleep loss, and what strategies the parents used to manage sleep loss and to improve sleep.

    DESIGN AND METHODS: This qualitative interview study had an inductive and descriptive design. Twelve parents (eleven mothers and one father) participated in the study. Data analysis was performed using a phenomenographic approach.

    RESULTS: Three categories of description were found: Acceptance and normalization of parental sleep loss; Changed routines and behavior to compensate for sleep loss; and Support is needed to gain sleep and manage daily life.

    CONCLUSIONS: Sleep loss due to the child's AD affected the parents' emotional state, mood, well-being, cognitive function, ability to concentrate and take initiative, and sensitivity to stress and sound negatively. The parents managed their sleep loss mainly by changing their behavior and creating new routines, by taking me-time and through support from partners.

    PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS: Pediatric nurses should acknowledge sleep loss in parents of small children with AD in time to prevent negative consequences, which affect the well-being of the entire family. Advice on how to improve sleep should be given early to increase the parents' understanding, make them feel safer and strengthen them in their parenthood.

  • 2.
    Angelhoff, Charlotte
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Social and Welfare Studies, Division of Nursing Science. Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Region Östergötland, Center of Paediatrics and Gynaecology and Obstetrics, H.K.H. Kronprinsessan Victorias barn- och ungdomssjukhus Linköping/Motala.
    Edéll-Gustafsson, Ulla
    Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Linköping University, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Division of Nursing Science.
    Morelius, Evalotte
    Linköping University, Department of Social and Welfare Studies, Division of Nursing Science. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Region Östergötland, Center of Paediatrics and Gynaecology and Obstetrics, H.K.H. Kronprinsessan Victorias barn- och ungdomssjukhus Linköping/Motala.
    The cortisol response in parents staying with a sick child at hospital2019In: Nursing Open, E-ISSN 2054-1058, Vol. 6, no 2, p. 620-625Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Aim

    To study the cortisol response in parents staying with their child in paediatric wards, to compare the parents’ cortisol levels between the paediatric ward and at home 4 weeks after discharge and to compare the parents’ cortisol levels with data of an adult reference population, reported by Wust et al., as there are few studies investigating parental cortisol.

    Design

    This study has a descriptive and prospective comparative design.

    Method

    Thirty‐one parents participated. Saliva samples were collected in the paediatric ward and 4 weeks later at home.

    Results

    The parents had lower morning awakening cortisol levels in the paediatric ward than at home after discharge. There were no statistically significant differences in postawakening cortisol or cortisol awakening response (CAR). The child's age, diagnosis or previously diagnosed chronic condition did not affect the parents’ cortisol levels. The morning and postawakening cortisol levels were lower than those of the reference population.

    Conclusion

    The hospital stay with a sick child affects parents’ cortisol levels. Parental stress needs more attention to find interventions to prevent the risk of stress‐related complications that subsequently can affect the care of the child.

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  • 3.
    Angelhoff, Charlotte
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Social and Welfare Studies, Division of Health, Activity and Care. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences.
    Edéll-Gustafsson, Ulla
    Linköping University, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Division of Nursing Science. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences.
    Mörelius, Evalotte
    Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Center of Paediatrics and Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Department of Paediatrics in Linköping. Linköping University, Department of Social and Welfare Studies, Division of Health, Activity and Care. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences.
    Parental mood when staying overnight at hospital with their sick child2015Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Parental mood when staying overnight at hospital with their sick child

    Objective

    to describe mood in parents, staying with their sick children overnight at the hospital.

    Methodology

    A descriptive design, including 75 parents staying overnight at hospital with their sick child, was used. The parents filled out Mood-scale the morning after staying overnight at the hospital. The Mood-scale is a validated and reliable self-administered instrument measuring six dimensions of mood; control, calmness, social orientation, pleasantness, activation, and extraversion (Sjöberg L, 1979). The study is a part of a larger project, with focus on mood, stress and sleep in parents staying with their sick children overnight at the hospital.

    Results

    The result will describe how parents report their total mood and how they report the different dimensions when they stay with their sick children overnight at the hospital. A comparison will be made between the parent´s mood and gender and the child´s age. Data is under analysis and will be presented as preliminary data.

     

    Conclusion

    According to UNICEF Convention on the Rights of the Child, children in hospital have the right to have their parents with them at all times and parents should be offered accommodation and be encouraged to stay. However, the hospital environment, in combination with having a sick child, might affect the parent´s mood, which in turn might affect the ability to handle the situation and the child´s care. Therefore it is of importance to study parental mood and find ways to help the families during their hospital stay.

  • 4.
    Angelhoff, Charlotte
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Social and Welfare Studies. Linköping University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences.
    Edéll-Gustafsson, Ulla
    Linköping University, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Division of Nursing Science. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Mörelius, Evalotte
    Linköping University, Department of Social and Welfare Studies, Division of Health, Activity and Care. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Center of Paediatrics and Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Department of Paediatrics in Linköping.
    Perceptions of sleep quality and stress by parents of children enrolled in hospital organized home-care2013In: Nordic Advances in Health Care Sciences Research, Lund, 2013: Abstract book / [ed] Gerd Ahlström, Lena von Koch, 2013, p. 56-56Conference paper (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    Introduction

    Caring for a sick child creates much greater demands for parents than those associated with raising a healthy child. Parents of chronically ill children reports higher levels of parental stress as a consequence of the substantial social, emotional and personal demands associated with caring. Sleep quality is an important aspect of wellbeing and is strongly related to stress and quality of life. In some Swedish counties families are offered hospital organized home-care for sick children. Caring for a child at home gives the family the opportunity to be together in an environment they know well and where they can feel comfortable and secure. On the other hand it includes several sleep disturbances during the night which affects the ability to handle the situation and support their child. No other study is found about how parents sleep when their child is enrolled in hospital organized home-care.

     

    Aim

    To explore parents’ perceptions of sleep quality and stress when they sleep at home with a child enrolled in hospital organized home-care.

     

    Material

    Fifteen parents (11 mothers and 4 fathers) with children enrolled in hospital organized home-care from one university hospital and one general hospital in South-eastern Sweden were included. The children ranged in age 0-12 years.

     

    Method

    Parents were interviewed with open-ended questions. Data was analysed with a phenomenographic method according to Marton and Both.

     

    Results

    Four descriptive categories in the phenomenon of parents’ perceptions of sleep quality and stress when they sleep at home with a child enrolled in hospital organized home-care were identified; Routines helps to manage the situation, Time for oneself and the partner, Feelings of isolation and Need of support

     

    Conclusion

    Sleep is important for the parents in several aspects. They are in a stressful situation with high demands both from the society and from themselves and there is often a lack of support from relatives and friends. Nurses need to acknowledge and promote parents’ sleep when they care for their sick children at home and support them in the caregiving.

  • 5.
    Angelhoff, Charlotte
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Social and Welfare Studies, Division of Nursing Science. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine. Region Östergötland, Center of Paediatrics and Gynaecology and Obstetrics, H.K.H. Kronprinsessan Victorias barn- och ungdomssjukhus.
    Edéll-Gustafsson, Ulla
    Linköping University, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Division of Nursing Science. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences.
    Mörelius, Evalotte
    Linköping University, Department of Social and Welfare Studies, Division of Nursing Science. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Region Östergötland, Center of Paediatrics and Gynaecology and Obstetrics, H.K.H. Kronprinsessan Victorias barn- och ungdomssjukhus.
    Sleep quality and mood in mothers and fathers accommodated in the family-centred paediatric ward2018In: Journal of Clinical Nursing, ISSN 0962-1067, E-ISSN 1365-2702, Vol. 27, no 3-4, p. e544-e550Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Aims and objectives

    To describe sleep quality and mood in parents accommodated with their sick child in a family‐centred paediatric ward. Secondary aims were to compare mothers’ and fathers’ sleep quality and mood in the paediatric ward and to compare the parents’ sleep quality and mood between the paediatric ward and in a daily‐life home setting after discharge.

    Background

    Frequent interruptions, ward noise and anxiety affect parents’ sleep quality and mood negatively when accommodated with their sick child in paediatric wards. Poor sleep quality and negative mood decrease the parents’ ability to sustain attention and focus, and to care for their sick child.

    Methods

    This was a prospective and descriptive study. Eighty‐two parents (61 mothers and 21 fathers) with children (median age 6.25 years) admitted to six paediatric wards participated in the study. Uppsala Sleep Inventory, a sleep diary and the Mood Adjective Checklist were used to measure sleep quality and mood.

    Results

    The parents had a good sleep quality in the paediatric ward even though they had more nocturnal awakenings compared to home. Moreover, they were less alert, less interested and had reduced concentration, and were more tired, dull and passive in the hospital than at home after discharge. Vital sign checks, noises made by the staff and medical treatment were given reasons influencing sleep. Poor sleep quality correlated with negative mood.

    Conclusion

    Parents’ sleep quality in family‐centred paediatric care is good. However, the habitual sleep efficacy before admittance to the hospital is lower than expected and needs to be further investigated.

    Relevance to Clinical Practice

    The healthcare professionals should acknowledge parents’ sleep and mood when they are accommodated with their sick child. Further should care at night be scheduled and sleep promoted for the parents to maintain health and well‐being in the family.

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  • 6.
    Angelhoff, Charlotte
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Social and Welfare Studies.
    Edéll-Gustfsson, Ulla
    Linköping University, Department of Medical and Health Sciences.
    Mörelius, Evalotte
    Linköping University, Department of Social and Welfare Studies.
    Parents´ perception of circumstances influencing their own sleep when living with a child enrolled in hospital-based home care services2015In: The Gerry Schwartz and Heather Reisman 4th International Conference on Pediatric Chronic Diseases, Disability and Human Development: ICCD 2015 Jerusalem Israel / [ed] Kerem, Eitan, Jerusalem: Paragon Israel , 2015Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Background: Caring for a sick child creates great demands for the parents. Sleep is an important aspect of wellbeing and is strongly related to stress and quality of life. Caring for a child at home gives the family the opportunity to be together in a familiar environment, but includes several sleep disturbances during the night which affects the ability to handle the situation.

    Aim: To describe parents’ perceptions of circumstances influencing their own sleep, living with a child enrolled in Hospital-Based Home Care Services.

    Method: This is a phenomenographic study with an inductive, exploratory design, using semi-structured interviews with main and follow-up questions. Fifteen parents with children enrolled in Hospital-Based Home Care Services were included.

    Findings: The outcome space consists of four descriptive categories: s; Sleep influence mood and mood influences sleep, Support and safeness influence sleep, The child´s needs and routines influence sleep, and Me-time influences sleep.

    Discussion: Parents to children in Hospital-Based Home Care Services perceive their sleep differently depending on how safe they feel with the situation. Troubling thoughts, bedtime worries, anxiety and stress affect sleep negatively. Safeness is prerequisite for sleep. Shared responsibility and social support help the parents to cope with the daily life and thus facilitate sleep. The parents adjust their routines after the cild´s needs to find time for sleep and relaxation. Me-time and physical activity was perceived as important tools to improve coping and sleeping.

  • 7.
    Angelhoff, Charlotte
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Social and Welfare Studies.
    Edéll-Gustfsson, Ulla
    Linköping University, Department of Medical and Health Sciences.
    Mörelius, Evalotte
    Linköping University, Department of Social and Welfare Studies.
    Perceptions of sleep by parents of children in hospital organized home-care2014In: Programbok Barnveckan 2014, Malmö, 7-11 april,  2014, 2014, p. 33-33Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Introduction

    Caring for a sick child creates great demands for the parents. Sleep is an important aspect of wellbeing and is strongly related to stress and quality of life. Caring for a child at home gives the family the opportunity to be together in a familiar environment. On the other hand it includes several sleep disturbances during the night which affects the ability to handle the situation.

     

    Aim

    To explore parents’ perceptions of sleep living with a child enrolled in hospital-organized home-care.

     

    Material

    Fifteen parents with children enrolled in hospital-organized home-care were included.

     

    Method

    Interviews with open-ended questions, analysed with a phenomenographic method.

     

    Results

    Four descriptive categories were identified; Anxiety, stress and demands affects sleep negatively’, ‘When I get support I feel safe’, ‘Routines optimizes time for sleep’, and ‘Time for oneself is important for relaxation’

     

    Conclusion

    Sleep is important for the parents in several aspects. They are in a stressful situation with high demands both from the society and from themselves and there is often a lack of support from relatives and friends. Nurses need to acknowledge and promote parents’ sleep when they care for their sick children at home and support them in the caregiving.

  • 8.
    Angelhoff, Charlotte
    et al.
    Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Linköping University, Department of Social and Welfare Studies, Division of Health, Activity and Care.
    Edéll-Gustfsson, Ulla
    Linköping University, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Division of Nursing Science. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences.
    Mörelius, Evalotte
    Linköping University, Department of Social and Welfare Studies, Division of Health, Activity and Care. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Center of Paediatrics and Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Department of Paediatrics in Linköping.
    Sleep of Parents Living With a Child Receiving Hospital-Based Home Care: A Phenomenographical Study.2015In: Nursing Research, ISSN 0029-6562, E-ISSN 1538-9847, Vol. 64, no 5, p. 372-380Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Background: Caring for an ill child at home gives the family the chance to be together in a familiar environment. However, this involves several nocturnal sleep disturbances, such as frequent awakenings and bad sleep quality, which may affect parents' ability to take care of the child and themselves.

    Objectives: The aim of this study was to describe parents' perceptions of circumstances influencing their own sleep when living with a child enrolled in hospital-based home care (HBHC) services.

    Method: This is a phenomenographical study with an inductive, exploratory design. Fifteen parents (11 mothers and 4 fathers) with children enrolled in HBHC services were interviewed. Data were analyzed to discover content-related categories describing differences in ways parents experienced sleep when caring for their children receiving HBHC.

    Results: Four descriptive categories were detected: sleep influences mood and mood influences sleep; support influences safeness and safeness influences sleep; the child's needs influence routines and routines influence sleep; and "me time" influences sleep.

    Discussion: Sleep does not affect only the parents' well-being but also the child's care. Symptoms of stress may limit the parents' capacity to meet the child's needs. Support, me time, and physical activity were perceived as essential sources for recovery and sleep. It is important for nurses to acknowledge parental sleep in the child's nursing care plan and help the parents perform self-care to promote sleep and maintain life, health, and well-being.

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  • 9.
    Angelhoff, Charlotte
    et al.
    Region Östergötland, Center of Paediatrics and Gynaecology and Obstetrics, H.K.H. Kronprinsessan Victorias barn- och ungdomssjukhus. Linköping University, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Division of Children's and Women's Health. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences.
    Grundström, Hanna
    Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Region Östergötland, Center of Paediatrics and Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics in Norrköping. Linköping University, Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Division of Nursing Sciences and Reproductive Health. Linköping University, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences.
    Supporting girls with painful menstruation - A qualitative study with school nurses in Sweden2023In: Journal of Pediatric Nursing: Nursing Care of Children and Families, ISSN 0882-5963, E-ISSN 1532-8449, Vol. 68, p. e109-e115Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Background: Painful menstruation is common among girls. To optimize school nurses' work more knowledgeabout their experiences of supporting these girls is needed. The aim of this study was to describe school nurses'experiences of supporting girls with menstrual pain.Methods: Interviews were conducted with 15 school nurses in Sweden and analyzed using thematic analysis.Results: Three themes emerged: Taking menstrual pain seriously, Being a disseminator of knowledge, andExternal conditions for conducting professional work as a school nurse.Conclusion: School nurses felt competent in supporting girls with menstrual pain. However, they lacked struc-tural, written guidelines and routines for how to treat, support, follow-up and refer girls with menstrual pain.Practice implications: School education about menstruation and sexual health needs to be strengthened. Cooper-ation with other healthcare facilities and networks with other school nurses should be increased. Specific guide-lines on how to support girls with menstrual pain should be implemented.

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  • 10.
    Angelhoff, Charlotte
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Division of Children's and Women's Health. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Region Östergötland, Center of Paediatrics and Gynaecology and Obstetrics, H.K.H. Kronprinsessan Victorias barn- och ungdomssjukhus.
    Sjolie, Hege
    Oslo Metropolitan Univ, Norway.
    Mörelius, Evalotte
    School of Nursing and Midwifery, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia; Perth Children’s Hospital, Nedlands, WA, Australia.
    Loyland, Borghild
    Oslo Metropolitan Univ, Norway.
    Like Walking in a Fog: Parents' perceptions of sleep and consequences of sleep loss when staying overnight with their child in hospital2020In: Journal of Sleep Research, ISSN 0962-1105, E-ISSN 1365-2869, Vol. 29, no 2, article id e12945Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Disruption of parental sleep in hospital, with frequent awakenings and poor sleep quality, limits the parents resources to meet the childs needs and maintain parental wellbeing. The aim of the study was to explore and describe how parents perceive their sleep when staying overnight with their sick child in hospital. A further aim was to explore and describe parents perception of what circumstances influence their sleep in the hospital. Twenty-two parents who were accommodated with their sick child (0-17 years) in paediatric wards in Norway and Sweden participated. Interviews were conducted during the hospital stay to elicit their perspectives. Phenomenography was used to analyse data. Two descriptive categories were found: (a) "Perceptions of sleep", with two sub-categories: "Sleep in the paediatric ward" and "Consequences of sleep loss"; and (b) "Circumstances influencing sleep in the paediatric ward" with three sub-categories: "The importance of the family", "Information and routines at the paediatric ward", and "Accommodation facilities". Parents sleep and needs must be acknowledged in paediatric wards. An individual plan of care for the upcoming night could be a valuable tool for both the parents and nurses. The childs medical needs must be met with respect to the parents willingness to take part in the childs care during the night, and the need for rest and sleep for both parent and child.

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  • 11.
    Angelhoff, Charlotte
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Social and Welfare Studies, Division of Nursing Science. Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine. Region Östergötland, Center of Paediatrics and Gynaecology and Obstetrics, H.K.H. Kronprinsessan Victorias barn- och ungdomssjukhus. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences.
    Thernström Blomqvist, Ylva
    Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
    Sahlén Helmer, Charlotte
    Linköping University, Department of Social and Welfare Studies, Division of Nursing Science. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Region Östergötland, Center of Paediatrics and Gynaecology and Obstetrics, H.K.H. Kronprinsessan Victorias barn- och ungdomssjukhus. Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine.
    Olsson, Emma
    Department of Pediatrics and Centre for Health Care Sciences, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden.
    Shorey, Shefaly
    Alice Lee Centre for Nursing Studies, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore.
    Frostell, Anneli
    Linköping University, Department of Behavioural Sciences and Learning, Psychology. Linköping University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences.
    Mörelius, Evalotte
    Linköping University, Department of Social and Welfare Studies, Division of Nursing Science. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Region Östergötland, Center of Paediatrics and Gynaecology and Obstetrics, H.K.H. Kronprinsessan Victorias barn- och ungdomssjukhus.
    Effect of skin-to-skin contact on parents sleep quality, mood, parent-infant interaction and cortisol concentrations in neonatal care units: study protocol of a randomised controlled trial2018In: BMJ Open, E-ISSN 2044-6055, Vol. 8, no 7, article id e021606Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Introduction Separation after preterm birth is a major stressor for infants and parents. Skin-to-skin contact (SSC) is a method of care suitable to use in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) to minimise separation between parents and infants. Less separation leads to increased possibilities for parent-infant interaction, provided that the parents’ sleep quality is satisfactory. We aimed to evaluate the effect of continuous SSC on sleep quality and mood in parents of preterm infants born <33 weeks of gestation as well as the quality of parent-infant interaction and salivary cortisol concentrations at the time of discharge.

    Methods and analysis A randomised intervention study with two arms—intervention versus standard care. Data will be collected from 50 families. Eligible families will be randomly allocated to intervention or standard care when transferred from the intensive care room to the family-room in the NICU. The intervention consists of continuous SSC for four consecutive days and nights in the family-room. Data will be collected every day during the intervention and again at the time of discharge from the hospital. Outcome measures comprise activity tracker (Actigraph); validated self-rated questionnaires concerning sleep, mood and bonding; observed scorings of parental sensitivity and emotional availability and salivary cortisol. Data will be analysed with pairwise, repeated measures, Mann Whitney U-test will be used to compare groups and analysis of variance will be used to adjust for different hospitals and parents’ gender.

    Ethics and dissemination The study is approved by the Regional Research Ethics Board at an appropriate university (2016/89–31). The results will be published in scientific journals. We will also use conferences and social media to disseminate our findings.

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  • 12.
    Edell-Gustafsson, Ulla
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Nursing Science. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Angelhoff, Charlotte
    Linköping University, Department of Social and Welfare Studies, Health, Activity, Care. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Johnsson, Ewa
    Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Centre of Paediatrics and Gynecology and Obstetrics, Department of Paediatrics in Linköping.
    Karlsson, Jenny
    Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Centre of Paediatrics and Gynecology and Obstetrics, Department of Paediatrics in Linköping.
    Mörelius, Evalotte
    Linköping University, Department of Social and Welfare Studies, Health, Activity, Care. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Centre of Paediatrics and Gynecology and Obstetrics, Department of Paediatrics in Linköping.
    Parents’ perceptions of sleeping in a neonatal intensive care unit2013Conference paper (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    Introduction

    Sleep is important for mental and emotional health. For parents staying in the hospital with their preterm and/or sick infant, lack of sleep may affect their ability to handle the situation, supporting their infant, and participate in decision-making. Moreover, when a child is born preterm, parents may experience stress that potentially affects their ability to interact and bond with the infant.

     

    Purpose

    To describe parents’ perceptions of what it is like to sleep in a neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) in a room nearby or in the same room as their infant.

     

    Material

    Twelve parents (eight mothers and four fathers) of infants born between week 29 and 36, in three different hospitals, were included. Eight of the parents slept in the same room as their infants and four parents slept in parents’ rooms in the NICU.  

     

    Methods

    Parents were interviewed with open-ended questions. Data was analysed with a phenomenographic method according to Marton and Both.

     

    Results

    Five descriptive categories in the phenomenon of parents’ perception of how it is to sleep  in a NICU  were  identified; Transition to parenthood, How parents perceive and manage their tiredness, A feeling of being out of control, Different forms of support and Environment.

     

    Conclusions

    Parents in the NICU are vulnerable, in a stressful situation, with an infant in need of neonatal intensive care. At the same time they are going through a complicated transition to parenthood. Hence sleep is important for the parents in several aspects, and NICU staff needs to acknowledge and promote parents’ sleep. 

  • 13.
    Edéll-Gustafsson, Ulla
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Division of Nursing Science. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences.
    Angelhoff, Charlotte
    Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Linköping University, Department of Social and Welfare Studies, Division of Health, Activity and Care.
    Johnsson, Ewa
    Region Östergötland, Center of Paediatrics and Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Department of Paediatrics in Linköping.
    Karlsson, Jenny
    Region Östergötland, Center of Paediatrics and Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Department of Paediatrics in Linköping.
    Mörelius, Evalotte
    Linköping University, Department of Social and Welfare Studies, Division of Health, Activity and Care. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Region Östergötland, Center of Paediatrics and Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Department of Paediatrics in Linköping.
    Hindering and buffering factors for parental sleep in neonatal care. A phenomenographic study2015In: Journal of Clinical Nursing, ISSN 0962-1067, E-ISSN 1365-2702, Vol. 24, no 5-6, p. 717-727Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    AIMS AND OBJECTIVES:

    To explore and describe how parents of preterm and/or sick infants in neonatal care perceive their sleep.

    BACKGROUND:

    Parents experience many stressful situations when their newborn infant is preterm and/or sick. This affects bonding. By developing more family-centred care units with single-family rooms, parents are given the opportunity to stay and care for their newborn infant(s) 24 hours a day. Lack of sleep may affect new parents' ability to cope with the many challenges they face on a daily basis.

    DESIGN:

    A phenomenographic study with an inductive and exploratory design.

    METHODS:

    Semi-structured interviews were conducted with twelve parents of infants in neonatal care between January-March 2012. To describe variations in perception of the phenomenon, data were analysed using phenomenography.

    FINDINGS:

    Four descriptive categories were identified within the phenomenon sleep in parents of preterm and/or sick infants in neonatal care: impact of stress on sleep; how the environment affects sleep; keeping the family together improves sleep; and, how parents manage and prevent tiredness.

    CONCLUSION:

    Anxiety, uncertainty and powerlessness have a negative influence on sleep. This can be decreased by continuous information, guidance and practical support. Skin-to-skin care was perceived as a stress-reducing factor that improved relaxation and sleep and should be encouraged by the nurse. The parents also mentioned the importance of being together. Having a private place where they could relax and take care of themselves and their newborn infant improved sleep. It was also desirable to involve older siblings in order to decrease feelings of loneliness, sadness and isolation.

    RELEVANCE FOR CLINICAL PRACTICE:

    Improved parental sleep in neonatal care may help the families cope with the situation and facilitate problem-solving, emotional regulation and the transition to parenthood.

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  • 14.
    Edéll-Gustfsson, Ulla
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Division of Nursing Science. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Angelhoff, Charlotte
    Linköping University, Department of Social and Welfare Studies, Division of Health, Activity and Care. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Johnsson, Ewa
    Region Östergötland, Center of Paediatrics and Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Department of Paediatrics in Linköping.
    Karlsson, Jenny
    Region Östergötland, Center of Paediatrics and Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Department of Paediatrics in Linköping.
    Mörelius, Eva-Lotta
    Linköping University, Department of Social and Welfare Studies, Division of Health, Activity and Care. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Center of Paediatrics and Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Department of Paediatrics in Linköping.
    Hindering and buffering factors for parental sleep in neonatal care.: A phenomenographic study2015In: Disability, Chronic Disease and Human Development / [ed] Joav Merrick, Nova Science Publishers, Inc., 2015, no 5-6Conference paper (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    Background

    Parents experience many stressful situations when their newborn infant is preterm and/or sick. This affects bonding. By developing more family-centered care units with single-family rooms, parents are given the opportunity to stay and care for their newborn infant(s) twenty-four hours a day. Lack of sleep may affect the new parents’ ability to handle the situation.

    Aim

    To explore and describe how parents of preterm and/or sick infants in neonatal care perceive their sleep.

    Methods This is a phenomenographic study with an inductive, exploratory design. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with twelve parents of infants in neonatal care. Data was analysed to describe variations of the phenomenon.

    Findings

    Four descriptive categories were identified within the phenomenon sleep in parents of preterm and/or sick infants in neonatal care; Impact of stress on sleep, How the environment affects sleep, Keeping the family together improves sleep, and How parents manage and prevent tiredness.

    Conclusion

    Anxiety, uncertainty and powerlessness have a negative influence on sleep. This can be decreased by continuous information, guidance, and practical support. Skin-to-skin-care is an important source for recovery, relaxation and sleep, and should be encouraged by the nurse. The parents also mentioned the importance of being together. To have a private place where they could relax and take care of themselves and their newborn infant improved sleep. It was also desirable to involve older siblings in order to decrease feelings of loneliness, sadness and isolation. Improved parental sleep in the neonatal care may help the families to cope with the situation, and facilitate problem-solving, emotional regulation, and the transition to parenthood.

  • 15.
    Loyland, Borghild
    et al.
    OsloMet Oslo Metropolitan Univ, Norway.
    Angelhoff, Charlotte
    Linköping University, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Division of Children's and Women's Health. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Region Östergötland, Center of Paediatrics and Gynaecology and Obstetrics, H.K.H. Kronprinsessan Victorias barn- och ungdomssjukhus.
    Kristjansdottir, Gudrun
    Univ Iceland, Iceland; Landspitali Univ Hosp, Iceland.
    Sjolie, Hege
    OsloMet Oslo Metropolitan Univ, Norway.
    A systematic integrative review of parents experience and perception of sleep when they stay overnight in the hospital together with their sick children2020In: Journal of Clinical Nursing, ISSN 0962-1067, E-ISSN 1365-2702, Vol. 29, no 5-6, p. 706-719Article, review/survey (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Aims and objectives To elucidate knowledge available on parents experience and perception of sleep when they stay overnight in hospital together with their sick children. Background In Nordic countries, children are entitled to have at least one parent with them during hospitalisation. Parents sleep, when accommodated at the hospital during the childs admission, may be a challenge. Design A systematic literature search was conducted in EMBASE, MEDLINE and PsycINFO; period is restricted from 1 January 2007 to 1 April 2019. Studies included were those in which parents were accommodated in hospital with their child, 0-18 years of age, for at least one night. Original peer-reviewed scientific research papers conducting qualitative, quantitative or mixed designs were included. Systematic reviews were not included. This systematic integrative review was registered in PROSPERO and performed according to the PRISMA guidelines. All authors participated in study selection, data extraction and quality assessment of the literature. Results Fifteen studies were included, and they varied in terms of origin, aims, design, methods used and sample size. Three overall main themes appeared: sleep quality, factors affecting sleep and consequences of sleep loss. Combined psychological factors were found to affect parents sleep, as well as isolated psychological factors, for example, stress, anxiety, worries and difficult thoughts. Environmental and social factors were also identified, for example, privacy and caring for family. Conclusion Study of this subject is still in its exploratory phase. There is a need for the development of theory of substance in the clarification of the meaning of sleep among parents during difficult times such as childrens hospitalisation. Relevance to clinical practice Understanding risk factors associated with sleep and sleep deprivation in parents staying overnight in the hospital with their sick child is important, since lack of sleep may lead to serious stress-related outcomes for the parents.

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  • 16.
    Lundgren, Johan
    et al.
    Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Linköping University, Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Division of Nursing Sciences and Reproductive Health.
    Norell Clarke, Annika
    Karlstad University, Karlstad, Sweden.
    Hellström, Ingrid
    Linköping University, Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Division of Nursing Sciences and Reproductive Health. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Ersta Sköndal Bräcke University College, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Angelhoff, Charlotte
    Linköping University, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Division of Children's and Women's Health. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Region Östergötland, Center of Paediatrics and Gynaecology and Obstetrics, H.K.H. Kronprinsessan Victorias barn- och ungdomssjukhus.
    Adolescents’ experiences of staying overnight at family-centered pediatric wards2020In: Sage Open Nursing, E-ISSN 2377-9608, Vol. 6Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Background

    Sleep is essential for health and recovery. Hospital stays may affect adolescents’ sleep quality negatively as routines in the ward are not adapted for adolescents’ developmental status or sleep habits. The aims with this study were to (a) explore and describe how adolescents experience sleep in the family-centered pediatric ward, (b) explore and describe how adolescents experience the presence or absence of a parent during the hospital stay, and (c) identify circumstances that the adolescents describe as influential of their sleep in the pediatric wards.

    Methods

    This is a qualitative interview study employing thematic analysis with an inductive and exploratory approach. Sixteen adolescents aged between 13 and 17 years participated in the study.

    Results

    Three themes were found: the importance of good sleep, safety as a prerequisite for sleep in hospital, and circumstances influencing adolescents’ sleep in hospital.

    Conclusion

    The adolescents described their sleep at the pediatric ward positively, but mentioned disturbing factors associated with pain, nightly check-ups, noises, and inactivity. Parental presence was perceived as very positive both during the night and the day.

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  • 17.
    Mörelius, Evalotte
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Social and Welfare Studies, Division of Health, Activity and Care. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Center of Paediatrics and Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Department of Paediatrics in Linköping.
    Angelhoff, Charlotte
    Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Center of Paediatrics and Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Department of Paediatrics in Linköping.
    Eriksson, Jennie
    Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Center of Paediatrics and Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Department of Paediatrics in Linköping.
    Olhager, Elisabeth
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Pediatrics. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Center of Paediatrics and Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Department of Paediatrics in Linköping.
    Time of initiation of skin-to-skin contact in extremely preterm infants in Sweden2012In: Acta Paediatrica, ISSN 0803-5253, E-ISSN 1651-2227, Vol. 101, no 1, p. 14-18Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Aim:  To describe the time of first skin-to-skin contact in extremely preterm infants in a national perspective and to investigate possible factors affecting the time of first skin-to-skin contact. Methods:  A population-based prospective descriptive study of extremely preterm infants (n = 520) in seven regional hospitals in Sweden. Results:  Extremely preterm infants in Sweden experience first skin-to-skin contact with the parent at a median of six postnatal days (range 0-44). Low gestational age, a high score on the clinical risk index for babies, and the number of days on a ventilator tended to delay first skin-to-skin contact. A statistically significant difference was also found between regional hospitals. Conclusion:  There is a difference in the time of first skin-to-skin contact based on the infant's medical condition and the tradition in the neonatal intensive care unit at the regional hospital where the infant is born.

  • 18.
    Store, Siri Jakobsson
    et al.
    Karlstad Univ, Sweden.
    Tillfors, Maria
    Karlstad Univ, Sweden.
    Wastlund, Erik
    Karlstad Univ, Sweden.
    Angelhoff, Charlotte
    Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Region Östergötland, Center of Paediatrics and Gynaecology and Obstetrics, H.K.H. Kronprinsessan Victorias barn- och ungdomssjukhus. Linköping University, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Division of Children's and Women's Health.
    Clarke, Annika Norell
    Karlstad Univ, Sweden.
    Technically sleeping? A clinical single-case study of a commercial sleep robot2022In: Frontiers in Psychology, E-ISSN 1664-1078, Vol. 13, article id 919023Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The Somnox sleep robot is promoted as sleep enhancing. The current study investigated individual effects, the acceptability and the safety of, and experiences with, a 3-week intervention in adults with insomnia. A repeated ABA single-case design (n = 4) was used to evaluate the effects of the sleep robot compared with baseline, as measured with a sleep diary and actigraphy. Pre-, post-, and 1-month follow-up assessments were conducted, measuring symptoms of insomnia, level of somatic arousal, and symptoms of depression and anxiety. Questions about adherence were included in the sleep diary. Individual interviews were conducted post intervention to explore the participants experiences with the sleep robot. The sleep diary and actigraphy data showed marginal differences, and if something, often a slight deterioration in the intervention phase. Three participants reported improvements regarding their sleep in the interviews compared with baseline, which mirrored the results on the questionnaires (insomnia and arousal) for two of the participants. The same three participants adhered to the intervention. Stable or improved self-assessed symptoms of depression and anxiety, and information from the individual interviews, suggest that the intervention is safe for adults with insomnia. The results regarding the effects of the sleep robot were mixed, and ought to be scrutinized in larger studies before confident recommendations can be made. However, the study supports the acceptability and safety of the intervention in adults with insomnia.

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  • 19.
    Store, Siri Jakobsson
    et al.
    Karlstad Univ, Sweden.
    Tillfors, Maria
    Karlstad Univ, Sweden.
    Wästlund, Erik
    Karlstad Univ, Sweden.
    Angelhoff, Charlotte
    Linköping University, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Division of Children's and Women's Health. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Region Östergötland, Center of Paediatrics and Gynaecology and Obstetrics, H.K.H. Kronprinsessan Victorias barn- och ungdomssjukhus.
    Andersson, Gerhard
    Linköping University, Department of Behavioural Sciences and Learning, Psychology. Linköping University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences. Linköping University, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Region Östergötland, Anaesthetics, Operations and Specialty Surgery Center, Department of Otorhinolaryngology. Karolinska Inst, Sweden.
    Norell-Clarke, Annika
    Karlstad Univ, Sweden; Kristianstad Univ, Sweden.
    The effects of a sleep robot intervention on sleep, depression and anxiety in adults with insomnia - A randomized waitlist-controlled trial2023In: Journal of Sleep Research, ISSN 0962-1105, E-ISSN 1365-2869, Vol. 32, no 3, article id e13758Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The study objective was to assess if a 3-week intervention with the Somnox sleep robot had effects on symptoms of insomnia, somatic arousal, and/or concurrent symptoms of depression and anxiety in adults with insomnia, compared with a waitlist-control group. The participants (n = 44) were randomized to a 3-week intervention with the sleep robot (n = 22), or to a waitlist-control group (n = 22). The primary outcome measure was the Insomnia Severity Index administered at baseline, mid-intervention, post-intervention and at 1-month follow-up. Secondary outcome measures were the Pre-Sleep Arousal Scale, and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. Additionally, sleep-onset latency, wake time after sleep onset, total sleep time and sleep efficiency were measured the week prior to and the last week of the intervention, both subjectively with the Consensus Sleep Diary and objectively with wrist actigraphy. Mixed-effects models were used to analyse data. The effect of the sleep robot on the participants insomnia severity was not statistically significant. The differences between the intervention group and the control group on the measures of arousal, anxiety and depression were also not statistically significant, and neither were the sleep diary and actigraphy variables. In conclusion, a 3-week intervention with daily at-home use of the robot was not found to be an effective method to relieve the symptom burden in adults with insomnia.

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  • 20.
    Støre, Siri Jakobsson
    et al.
    Karlstad Univ, Sweden.
    Tillfors, Maria
    Karlstad Univ, Sweden.
    Wästlund, Erik
    Karlstad Univ, Sweden.
    Angelhoff, Charlotte
    Region Östergötland, Center of Paediatrics and Gynaecology and Obstetrics, H.K.H. Kronprinsessan Victorias barn- och ungdomssjukhus. Linköping University, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Division of Children's and Women's Health. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences.
    Andersson, Gerhard
    Linköping University, Department of Behavioural Sciences and Learning, Psychology. Linköping University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences. Linköping University, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Region Östergötland, Anaesthetics, Operations and Specialty Surgery Center, Department of Otorhinolaryngology. Karolinska Inst, Sweden.
    Norell, Annika
    Orebro Univ, Sweden; Kristianstad Univ, Sweden.
    Mind, Body and Machine: Preliminary Study to Explore Predictors of Treatment Response After a Sleep Robot Intervention for Adults with Insomnia.2023In: Nature and Science of Sleep, ISSN 1179-1608, Vol. 15, p. 567-577Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    INTRODUCTION: The study aimed to explore characteristics of responders to a sleep robot intervention for adults with insomnia, and the likelihood that participants responded to the intervention.

    METHODS: Data from the intervention and the control group in a randomized waitlist-controlled trial (n = 44) were pooled together after both had undergone the intervention. A repeated measures ANOVA and Friedman tests were used to explore changes over time. Differences in baseline characteristics between responders (n = 13), defined as a reduction of -5 on the Insomnia Severity Index from pre- to post-intervention, and non-responders (n = 31) were analyzed with t-tests and chi-square tests. Finally, logistic regression models were estimated.

    RESULTS: Baseline anxiety was the only statistically significant difference between responders and non-responders (p = 0.03). A logistic regression model with anxiety and sleep quality as predictors was statistically significant, correctly classifying 83.3% of cases.

    DISCUSSION: The results imply that people with lower anxiety and higher sleep quality at baseline are more likely to report clinically significant improvements in insomnia from the sleep robot intervention.

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