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  • 1.
    Anshelm, Jonas
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Thematic Studies, Technology and Social Change. Linköping University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences.
    Haikola, Simon
    Linköping University, Department of Thematic Studies, Technology and Social Change. Linköping University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences.
    Wallsten, Björn
    Linköping University, Department of Thematic Studies, Technology and Social Change. Linköping University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences.
    Ojnarekonflikten och miljöfrågans återpolitisering2018In: Svensk gruvpolitik i omvandling: Aktörer, kontroverser, möjliga världar / [ed] Jonas Anshelm, Simon Haikola och Björn Wallsten, Möklinta: Gidlunds förlag, 2018, p. 75-99Chapter in book (Other academic)
    Abstract [sv]

    Historiskt sett så kan relationen mellan det liberalt kapitalistiska systemet och miljön beskrivas som en dubbel rörelse mellan ett kontinuerligt ökande resursuttag och statens ökade befogenheter att administrera miljöförstörande verksamheter.148 En viktig faktor för ett förbättrat skydd av miljön har parallellt med den liberala kapitalismens framväxt varit allmänhetens miljömedvetenhet, som har satt press på staten att införa miljömässigt motiverade regleringar. Givet hur ett nyliberalt beslutsfattande ofta verkar avpolitiserande, dvs. det strävar efter samstämmighet mellan grupper och en ökad grad av formalisering av sakfrågorna, har det blivit allt svårare för civilsamhället att påverka politiken. Detta beror också på att miljölagstiftningen anpassas för att gynna det privata kapitalets intressen, samtidigt som besluten ofta förläggs till teknokratiska processer i vilka ansvaret för miljön blir diffust.149 Trots detta utmanas avpolitiseringen av kontinuerliga försök till återpolitisering. Kraven höjs på att ansvar utkrävs av de politiker vars beslut påverkar livsbetingelserna för lokalsamhällen och deras omgivningar, och på att andra intressen än dem som gynnas och skyddas av ett avpolitiserat beslutsfattande också beaktas och tillåts påverka den politiska dagordningen....

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    Ojnarekonflikten och miljöfrågans återpolitisering
  • 2.
    Anshelm, Jonas
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Thematic Studies, Technology and Social Change. Linköping University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences.
    Haikola, SimonLinköping University, Department of Thematic Studies, Technology and Social Change. Linköping University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences.Wallsten, BjörnLinköping University, Department of Thematic Studies, Technology and Social Change. Linköping University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences.
    Svensk gruvpolitik i omvandling: Aktörer, kontroverser, möjliga världar2018Collection (editor) (Other academic)
    Abstract [sv]

    Under 2000-talet har svensk gruvpolitik tagit plats som en av de mest omdebatterade och omstridda inhemska miljöfrågorna. Den har engagerat människor över hela landet och över institutionella gränser, från lokala aktionsgrupper, genom nybildade protestnätverk till statliga myndigheter och riksdagen. Kanske inte trots utan just på grund av gruvindustrins långa historia i Sverige har den visat sig kunna alstra politiska energier gällande frågor som i allra högsta grad har relevans för dagens och morgondagens samhälle. Det är frågor som gäller vårt samhälles relation till naturen, statens relation till samhället, och minoritetsgruppers och enskildas rättigheter i relation till staten.

    Denna bok belyser genom fallstudier ett antal av de skärningspunkter där den statliga regleringen, den globala finans- och mineralmarknaden, samt lokala intressen, praktiker, förväntningar och farhågor har mötts och satt sin prägel på den svenska gruvpolitiken under 2000-talet. Tillsammans kan studierna läsas som ett vittnesmål om förnyade krav på statligt ansvarstagande för miljö, regional utveckling och ursprungsbefolkningsrättigheter i den långt drivna avregleringspolitikens tid.

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  • 3.
    Ekman Burgman, Linus
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Thematic Studies, Technology and Social Change. Linköping University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences.
    Wallsten, Björn
    Sociologiska institutionen, Uppsala Universitet, Uppsala, Sweden.
    Should the Sludge Hit the Farm?: – How Chemo-Social Relations Affect Policy Efforts to Circulate Phosphorus in Sweden2021In: Sustainable Production and Consumption, ISSN 2352-5509, Vol. 27, p. 1488-1497Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    This article discerns why the substantial political efforts to increase circulation of nutrients in sewage sludge, and phosphorus in particular, have shown such meager results over the last twenty years in Sweden. We have analyzed stakeholders’ statements of opinions to four government-initiated inquiries, to decipher the chemo-social relations between stakeholders and phosphorus, and how these relations have transformed over time and made a difference in the policy process. In our analysis, we found five different relations: 1) a metabolic, 2) a purity, 3) a nutritional, 4) a marketable, and 5) a geopolitical. These relations connect actors, phosphorus and politics in different ways, and obstruct policymaking by creating tensions between political objectives, values and stakeholder positions. We observe how the extraction of phosphorus as a singular, marketable element to be sold for profit reasons on a global market, is increasingly favored in comparison to local eco-cycling of nutrients between farmers and consumers. We see this as a consequence of that the circular economy as a concept has replaced eco-cycle efforts in the Swedish policy debate. We conclude that if circular economy-initiatives are to be successfully implemented, they need to be informed by the current configuration of material flows that they wish to transform as well as the political implications of their efforts. So far, this has not been the case regarding sewage sludge in Sweden.

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  • 4.
    Gustafsson, Sara
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Environmental Technology and Management. Linköping University, The Institute of Technology.
    Wallsten, Björn
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Environmental Technology and Management. Linköping University, The Institute of Technology.
    Fenton, Paul
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Environmental Technology and Management. Linköping University, The Institute of Technology.
    Win-win - att använda pågående samhällsutvecklingsprocesse som levande labb i ingenjörsutbildningen2013Conference paper (Other academic)
    Abstract [sv]

    Hållbar stadsutveckling förutsätter ett integrerat och gärna tvärvetenskapligt förhållningssätt. Dessutom fordras en helhetssyn inte bara i beträffande de för städernas hållbarhet helt centrala tekniska systemen utan även vad gäller de aktörer som har möjlighet att påverka stadens utformning. Hur väver en samman dessa aspekter till en kurs om hållbar stadsutveckling för studenter inom ingenjörsutbildningar? Och hur får en studenterna att tänka visionärt och utanför lådan utan att tappa förankringen till deras redan existerande kunskapsbas? Detta vill vi byta erfarenheter och reflektera kring under diskussionerna i rundabordssamtalet.

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  • 5.
    Haikola, Simon
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Thematic Studies, Technology and Social Change. Linköping University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences.
    Anshelm, Jonas
    Linköping University, Department of Thematic Studies, Technology and Social Change. Linköping University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences.
    Wallsten, Björn
    Linköping University, Department of Thematic Studies, Technology and Social Change. Linköping University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences.
    Politicizing environmental governance: A case study of heterogeneous alliances and juridical struggles around the Ojnare Forest, Sweden2018In: Geoforum, ISSN 0016-7185, E-ISSN 1872-9398, Vol. 91, p. 206-215Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    In this paper we use a case of resistance towards a proposed limestone quarry in Sweden to raise certain theoretical points regarding environmental politicization. Departing from ideas about depoliticization and neoliberal environmental governance, we first analyze the case in terms of scaling-up of the local conflict through actor alliances, discourse coalitions and through the juridical process. We then discuss how this case may indicate effective ways to politicize areas that have been depoliticized through neoliberal environmental governance. Most particularly, the chosen case highlights how depoliticization may be reversed through the politicization of the very channels through which depoliticized forms of environmental governance occur, here the juridical, formalized and nominally neutral processes of environmental planning.

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  • 6.
    Kaijser, Anna
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Thematic Studies, Tema Environmental Change. Linköping University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences.
    Wallsten, Björn
    Linköping University, Department of Thematic Studies, Technology and Social Change. Linköping University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences.
    Att göra gruvpolitik underifrån: Urbergsgruppen och deltagandets dolda kostnader2018In: Svensk gruvpolitik i omvandling: aktörer, kontroverser, möjliga världar / [ed] Jonas Anshelm, Simon Haikola, Björn Wallsten, Möklinta: Gidlunds förlag, 2018, Vol. sidor 125-149, p. 125-149Chapter in book (Other academic)
  • 7.
    Krook, Joakim
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Environmental Technology and Management. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Wallsten, Björn
    Linköping University, Department of Thematic Studies, Technology and Social Change. Linköping University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences. Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Environmental Technology and Management.
    Svensson, Niclas
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Environmental Technology and Management. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Anderberg, Stefan
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Environmental Technology and Management. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Urban mining: on the potential and multifaceted challenges of facilitating recycling of wire-based city infrastructure2020In: Handbook of the circular economy / [ed] Miguel Brandão, David Lazarevic, Göran Finnveden, Cheltenham: Edward Elgar Publishing, 2020, Vol. Sidorna 465-477, p. 465-477Chapter in book (Other academic)
  • 8. Order onlineBuy this publication >>
    Wallsten, Björn
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Environmental Technology and Management. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    The Urk World: Hibernating Infrastructures and the Quest for Urban Mining2015Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    This PhD thesis concerns urban mining, an umbrella term for different recycling strategies aimed to recover materials from the built environment. More specifically, it focuses on hibernating urban infrastructures, that is: cables and pipes that have been left behind in their subsurface location after they were disconnected. I term this subsurface urban realm of system rejects the “Urk World”. “Urk” is short for “urkopplad”, the Swedish word for “disconnected”, an abbreviation often found on old infrastructure maps denoting discarded system parts. Since urks contain high concentrations of copper, my normative stance is that the Urk World should be “mined” as a contribution towards diminishing the persistently wasteful handling of mineral resources in society.

    The thesis has three focus areas. The first of these discusses how the Urk World has emerged, that is: how the creation of urks is sustained in sociotechnical processes related to infrastructure’s provision. The second concerns the potential of urk mining, how much copper the Urk World contains, where these quantities are located and by which implications they could be recovered. The third focus area is devoted to the politics of urks, and is concerned with the political embeddedness of infrastructure and where politics might intervene for the sake of increased urk recovery.

    Five papers complete the thesis. The first paper investigates how much copper, aluminium and steel there is in the Urk World of the Swedish city of Norrköping, and how these quantities are spatially dispersed in the urban environment. The second paper is based on interviews with system owners and repair crews, and investigates how urks come into existence in relation to three different infrastructural processes: maintenance, larger installation projects and shutdown. The third paper describes how environmental systems analysis can be beneficially coupled with theories and methods from the social sciences to create knowledge useful to aid the development of urk recycling schemes. The fourth article makes use of the inherent ambiguities of urks to investigate a spectrum of locations where politics aimed for increased urk recovery can intervene as well as what is at stake there. The fifth and final paper investigates urks in Linköping’s power grid in spatial and weight terms, and analyses the implications of urk recovery from several different viewpoints.

    In overall terms, the major contribution of the thesis is how it improves the knowledge of societal stocks of materials, thereby giving an increased recognition of the built environment as a resource base. In overall scientific terms, it sets an example of how a coherent interdisciplinary research design can provide knowledge useful for the implementation of urk recycling schemes as well as for political decision–making for increased urk recovery.

    List of papers
    1. To prospect an urban mine - assessing the metal recovery potential of infrastructure "cold spots" in Norrkoping, Sweden
    Open this publication in new window or tab >>To prospect an urban mine - assessing the metal recovery potential of infrastructure "cold spots" in Norrkoping, Sweden
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    2013 (English)In: Journal of Cleaner Production, ISSN 0959-6526, E-ISSN 1879-1786, Vol. 55, p. 103-111Article in journal (Refereed) Published
    Abstract [en]

    In conventional mining, prospecting methods are used to increase the degree of certainty with regard to the stock of metals. Similarly, prospecting in terms of "urban mining" aims to increase the information about metal stocks available for recovery in the built environment. Infrastructure systems, such as for power supply and heating, are rich in copper, aluminum and iron (including steel). For a number of reasons, pipes and cables remain in the ground after being taken out of use or disconnected. This is also true for entire obsolete systems. In this paper, these infrastructures "cold spots" are viewed as hibernating stock with a significant potential for urban mining. less thanbrgreater than less thanbrgreater thanThe infrastructure systems for AC and DC power, telecommunication, town gas and district heating in the city of Norrkoping, Sweden, have been quantified and spatially allocated with a GIS-based approach of Material Flow Analysis (MFA). About 20% of the total stock of aluminum and copper in these systems is found to be in hibernation. The findings also indicate that cables have been disconnected to a larger extent than pipes. As an example, cables for DC power, taken out of use in the late 1930s yet still in the ground, consist of 230 tonnes of copper. The results illustrate a clear tendency for larger stocks of hibernating copper and aluminum to be found in the central rather than the outer parts of the city. A reverse, ring-like pattern is true for iron, mostly because the central parts of the town gas pipes are used for fiber optics. less thanbrgreater than less thanbrgreater thanParticular focus has been placed on the industrial area of Sodra Butangen, which is slated for redevelopment and re-zoning from industrial to residential. Since the ground will be dug up for sanitation purposes anyway, the entire metal stock can be taken into prospecting consideration. Analysis shows that the chances of finding aluminum here are 28 times higher than in the rest of the city. less thanbrgreater than less thanbrgreater thanWe argue for an increased MFA focus on the heterogeneous complexity found in the details of the specific locale, rather than striving for generalized assumptions about the broader picture. In doing so, MFA could very well provide a tool for a future business line of urban mining of hibernating metal stocks.

    Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
    Elsevier, 2013
    Keywords
    Urban mining, Hibernation, Infrastructure cold spots, GIS, Metal stocks
    National Category
    Engineering and Technology
    Identifiers
    urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-97230 (URN)10.1016/j.jclepro.2012.05.041 (DOI)000322802300011 ()
    Note

    Funding Agencies|Swedish Innovation Agency, VINNOVA||

    Available from: 2013-09-06 Created: 2013-09-05 Last updated: 2017-12-06Bibliographically approved
    2. A Cable Laid Is a Cable Played: On the Hibernation Logic behind Urban Infrastructure Mines
    Open this publication in new window or tab >>A Cable Laid Is a Cable Played: On the Hibernation Logic behind Urban Infrastructure Mines
    2013 (English)In: The Journal of urban technology, ISSN 1063-0732, E-ISSN 1466-1853, Vol. 20, no 3, p. 85-103Article in journal (Refereed) Published
    Abstract [en]

    Our societies are reliant on metals to such an extent that the total amounts of some of them in the built environment are comparable in size to the remaining amounts in known mountain ores. Because of concerns about mineral scarcity, the United Nations has assessed alternative sources for metal extraction and targeted urban areas in general and infrastructure systems in particular, since these are large, spatially concentrated and rich in metals. Referring to the possibility of recovering these metal stocks, infrastructure systems constitute what material flow researchers has conceptually termed “urban mines.” While most urban infrastructure is in use, significant amounts of cables and pipes have been disconnected and remain in their subsurface locations; they are “hibernating.” In this article, we analyze the occurrence of such hibernation in the Swedish city of Norrköping's urban infrastructure mine where, we know from a previous study, that every fourth kilo of infrastructure is discarded. Our applied perspective is different from the logic of system expansion as a way to meet increased demand often found in the field of infrastructure studies since we are interested in how systems are disconnected and left behind. This enables us to offer a refined understanding of the concepts of infrastructure “decline” and infrastructure “cold spots.” We argue that to prevent the increase of dormant infrastructures and to engage in the urban mining of already dormant infrastructures, we must develop a sensibility to the materiality of derelict infrastructure components and the underlying causes for why they form different kinds of spatial patterns.

    Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
    Taylor & Francis, 2013
    Keywords
    Urban Mining; Urban Infrastructure; Infrastructure “Cold Spots;” Hibernation; Norrko¨ping
    National Category
    Engineering and Technology
    Identifiers
    urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-98054 (URN)10.1080/10630732.2013.809222 (DOI)000324670300006 ()
    Available from: 2013-09-26 Created: 2013-09-26 Last updated: 2017-12-06Bibliographically approved
    3. Toward Social Material Flow Analysis: On the Usefulness of Boundary Objects in Urban Mining Research
    Open this publication in new window or tab >>Toward Social Material Flow Analysis: On the Usefulness of Boundary Objects in Urban Mining Research
    2015 (English)In: Journal of Industrial Ecology, ISSN 1088-1980, E-ISSN 1530-9290, Vol. 19, no 5, p. 742-752Article in journal (Refereed) Published
    Abstract [en]

    Material flow analysis (MFA) has been an effective tool to identify the scale of physical activity, the allocation of materials across economic sectors for different purposes, and to identify inefficiencies in production systems or in urban contexts. However, MFA relies on ignoring the social drivers of those flows to be able to perform its calculations. In many cases therefore, it remains detached from the processes (e.g., urban) that underpin them. This becomes a problem when the purpose of research is to inform the design of detailed recycling schemes, for which micro-level practice knowledge on how material flows are mediated by human agency is needed. The aim of this article is to demonstrate how a particular social science approach, namely, infrastructure studies (IS), can be combined with MFA to enhance the latters potential as a decision support tool. To achieve a successful combination between IS and MFA, the object of inquiry must be carefully defined to function as a boundary object, which allows academic approaches to work together without the need for consensus. This approach is illustrated with a case study example in urban mining research that assesses the hibernating stock of subsurface urban infrastructure in Norrkoping, Sweden. It provides an example of how a well-calibrated MFA and a complementary social science approach can provide hands-on advice for private as well as public actors in a local and place-specific context. The article aims to advance the integration of social science and the study of the physical economy to contribute to the emerging field of social industrial ecology.

    Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
    Wiley-Blackwell, 2015
    Keywords
    boundary objects; hibernating stocks; infrastructure; material flow analysis (MFA); science; technology and society (STS); urban mining
    National Category
    Environmental Engineering
    Identifiers
    urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-122664 (URN)10.1111/jiec.12361 (DOI)000363267800006 ()
    Note

    Funding Agencies|Swedish Research Council for Environment, Agricultural Sciences and Spatial Planning, FORMAS; Swedish Innovation Agency, VINNOVA

    Available from: 2015-11-16 Created: 2015-11-13 Last updated: 2017-12-01
    4. Urks and the Urban Subsurface as Geosocial Formation
    Open this publication in new window or tab >>Urks and the Urban Subsurface as Geosocial Formation
    2016 (English)In: Science, Technology and Human Values, ISSN 0162-2439, E-ISSN 1552-8251, Vol. 41, no 5, p. 827-848Article in journal (Refereed) Published
    Abstract [en]

    This article investigates “urks”, i.e., disconnected parts of urban infrastructure that remain in their subsurface location. The reason for engaging in this topic is resource scarcity concerns, as urks contain large amounts of copper and aluminum that could be “mined” for the benefit of the environment.

    Our starting point is that there is a certain non–stagnant capacity of waste–like entities such as urks and that their resistance to categorization is crucial to encapsulate their political potential (cf. Hawkins, 2006; Moore, 2012; Hird, 2013). We investigate how this indeterminate capacity has implications in terms of where future trajectories for urk recovery are conceivable.

    The study is based on interviews with respondents from the infrastructure and waste sectors in Sweden. By stressing the relationship between urks and their geo–social subsurface surroundings, we use the respondents’ exploratory interpretations of urks to outline a spectrum of issues that should be further discussed for urks to become a matter of concern. The negotiation of these issues, we suggest, can be conceived of as a form of navigation along the perceived fault lines between actors and priorities, and they must be resolved for increased urk recovery to occur.

    Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
    Sage Publications, 2016
    National Category
    Environmental Sciences Earth and Related Environmental Sciences Environmental Sciences related to Agriculture and Land-use
    Identifiers
    urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-122760 (URN)10.1177/0162243916634866 (DOI)000382579500003 ()
    Note

    The status of this article was previous Manuscript.

    Funding agencies: Swedish Research Council for Environment, Agricultural Sciences and Spatial Planning (FORMAS); Swedish Innovation Agency (VINNOVA); Aforsk Foundation

    Available from: 2015-11-20 Created: 2015-11-20 Last updated: 2019-03-11Bibliographically approved
    5. The economic conditions for urban infrastructure mining: Using GIS to prospect hibernating copper stocks
    Open this publication in new window or tab >>The economic conditions for urban infrastructure mining: Using GIS to prospect hibernating copper stocks
    2015 (English)In: Resources, Conservation and Recycling, ISSN 0921-3449, E-ISSN 1879-0658, Vol. 103, p. 85-97Article in journal (Refereed) Published
    Abstract [en]

    In this article, we suggest a methodology that combines geographic information systems (GIS) and material flow analysis (MFA) into a secondary reserve-prospecting tool. The approach is two-phased and couples spatially informed size estimates of urban metal stocks (phase 1) to the equally spatially contingent efforts required to extract them (phase 2). Too often, even the most advanced MFA assessments stop at the first of these two phases, meaning that essential information needed to facilitate resource recovery, i.e., urban mining, is missing from their results. To take MFA one step further, our approach is characterized by a high resolution that connects the analysis of the stock to the social practices that arrange material flows in the city, thereby enabling an assessment of the economic conditions for secondary resource recovery.

    To exemplify, we provide a case study of the hibernation stock of copper found in disconnected power cables in Linköping, Sweden. Since 1970, 123 tonnes of copper or ≈1 kg per person have accumulated underneath the city, predominantly in old, central parts of the city and industrial areas. While shorter cables are more numerous than long ones, the longer ones contribute to a larger share of the stock weight. Resource recovery in specific projects reliant on digging comes at great costs, but integrating it as an added value to ordinary maintenance operations render eight locations and 2.2 tonnes of copper (2% of the stock) profitable to extract. Compared to the budget sizes of regular maintenance projects, the integrated recovery of a significant share of the stock comes with relatively small economic losses. Therefore, we suggest integrated resource recovery and regular maintenance as an interesting environmental measure for any infrastructure provider to engage with.

    Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
    Elsevier, 2015
    Keywords
    Urban mining, Hibernating stocks, Infrastructure, Material flow analysis, GIS, Economic assessment
    National Category
    Other Environmental Engineering
    Identifiers
    urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-121463 (URN)10.1016/j.resconrec.2015.07.025 (DOI)000362618600009 ()
    Projects
    Städer som gruvor II: utveckling av affärsmässiga koncept genom implementering av pilotprojekt
    Funder
    VINNOVA, 2013-03015
    Note

    Fundin text: Swedish Research Council for Environment, Agricultural Sciences and Spatial Planning, FORMAS; Swedish Innovation Agency, VINNOVA

    Available from: 2015-09-21 Created: 2015-09-21 Last updated: 2017-12-04
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  • 9.
    Wallsten, Björn
    Linköping University, Department of Thematic Studies, Technology and Social Change. Linköping University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences.
    Urkarnas värld: en politisk möjlighet till återvinning av infrastruktur2018In: Svensk gruvpolitik i omvandling: aktörer, kontroverser, möjliga världar / [ed] Jonas Anshelm, Simon Haikola, Björn Wallsten, Möklinta: Gidlunds förlag, 2018, Vol. sidor 215-231, p. 215-231Chapter in book (Other academic)
  • 10.
    Wallsten, Björn
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Thematic Studies, Technology and Social Change. Linköping University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences.
    Krook, Joakim
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Environmental Technology and Management. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Urks and the Urban Subsurface as Geosocial Formation2016In: Science, Technology and Human Values, ISSN 0162-2439, E-ISSN 1552-8251, Vol. 41, no 5, p. 827-848Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    This article investigates “urks”, i.e., disconnected parts of urban infrastructure that remain in their subsurface location. The reason for engaging in this topic is resource scarcity concerns, as urks contain large amounts of copper and aluminum that could be “mined” for the benefit of the environment.

    Our starting point is that there is a certain non–stagnant capacity of waste–like entities such as urks and that their resistance to categorization is crucial to encapsulate their political potential (cf. Hawkins, 2006; Moore, 2012; Hird, 2013). We investigate how this indeterminate capacity has implications in terms of where future trajectories for urk recovery are conceivable.

    The study is based on interviews with respondents from the infrastructure and waste sectors in Sweden. By stressing the relationship between urks and their geo–social subsurface surroundings, we use the respondents’ exploratory interpretations of urks to outline a spectrum of issues that should be further discussed for urks to become a matter of concern. The negotiation of these issues, we suggest, can be conceived of as a form of navigation along the perceived fault lines between actors and priorities, and they must be resolved for increased urk recovery to occur.

    Download full text (pdf)
    fulltext
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