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  • 1.
    Abbott, Allan
    Linköping University, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Division of Physiotherapy. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Faculty of Health Science and Medicine, Bond University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia.
    Evidence base and future research directions in the management of low back pain2016In: World Journal of Orthopedics, ISSN 2218-5836, E-ISSN 2218-5836, Vol. 7, no 3, p. 156-161Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Low back pain (LBP) is a prevalent and costly condition. Awareness of valid and reliable patient history taking, physical examination and clinical testing is important for diagnostic accuracy. Stratified care which targets treatment to patient subgroups based on key characteristics is reliant upon accurate diagnostics. Models of stratified care that can potentially improve treatment effects include prognostic risk profiling for persistent LBP, likely response to specific treatment based on clinical prediction models or suspected underlying causal mechanisms. The focus of this editorial is to highlight current research status and future directions for LBP diagnostics and stratified care.

  • 2.
    Abbott, Allan
    Department of Clinical Sciences, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Physiotherapeutic rehabilitation and lumbar fusion surgery2010Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    Over the last two decades, the economic costs and rates of lumbar fusion surgery for chronic low back pain has risen dramatically in western industrialized countries. Data from the Swedish National Spine Register suggest that 25% of patients experience unimproved pain and up to 40% are not satisfied with the outcome of lumbar fusion surgery. Thus, there is a definite need to optimize the selection and management of patients to improve lumbar fusion outcomes. Aim: To investigate the role of biopsychosocial factors in explaining disability and health related quality of life in chronic low back pain patients before and after lumbar fusion surgery and to evaluate the effectiveness of post-operative rehabilitation regimes. Methods: At total of 107 patients were recruited, aged 18 to 65 years, selected for lumbar fusion due to 12 months of symptomatic back and/or leg pain due to spinal stenosis, degenerative/isthmic spondylolisthesis or degenerative disc disease. Measures of disability, health related quality of life, pain, mental health, fear of movement/(re)injury, self-efficacy, outcome expectancy, pain coping styles, work status, health care use, analgesic use and sickness leave were collected with self-rated questionnaires at baseline (Studies I-IV), 3, 6, 12 months (Study II) and 2-3 years after surgery (Studies II-III). In Studies II-IV, patients were randomised to psychomotor therapy (N=53) or exercise therapy (N=54) implemented during the first 3 post-operative months. Semi-structured interviews were conducted 3-6 months after surgery on 20 patients including 10 from each rehabilitation group to investigate experiences of back problems before and after surgery, post-operative recovery and expectations of rehabilitation analysed in terms of the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (Study IV). Results: Approximately 50% of the variability in baseline disability and 40% of the variability in baseline health related quality of life could be explained by psychological variables. In particular, catastrophizing, control over pain, self-efficacy and outcome expectancy had significant mediation roles (Study I). For the short and long term outcome of lumbar fusion surgery, post-operative psychomotor therapy is significantly more effective than exercise therapy with approximately 10-20% better outcome in measures of disability, fear of movement/(re)injury, pain catastrophizing, self-efficacy, outcome expectancy sickness leave, health care utilization and return to work (Study II). A model with good outcome predictive performance which significantly predicts disability, back pain and health related quality of life outcomes 2-3 year after lumbar fusion surgery, was shown to involve pre-operative screening of disability, leg pain intensity, mental health, fear of movement/(re)injury, outcome expectations, catastrophizing, control over pain and the implementation of post-operative psychomotor therapy (Study III). Lumbar fusion patient s experiences of back problems before and after the operation as well as experiences of recovery and outcome expectations correspond well with the content of outcomes measures used in the study suggesting good content validity (Study IV). Conclusion: Psychological factors strongly influence levels of disability and health related quality of life in lumbar fusion candidates as well as predicts post-operative outcomes. Early post-operative rehabilitation focusing on cognition, behaviour and motor control is recommended for improved lumbar fusion outcomes.

  • 3.
    Abbott, Allan
    Karolinska Institute, Sweden.
    The Coping Strategy Questionnaire2010In: Journal of Physiotherapy, ISSN 1836-9553, E-ISSN 1836-9561, Vol. 56, no 1, p. 63-63Article in journal (Other academic)
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  • 4.
    Abbott, Allan
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Division of Prevention, Rehabilitation and Community Medicine. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Region Östergötland, Center for Surgery, Orthopaedics and Cancer Treatment, Department of Orthopaedics in Linköping. Bond University, Gold Coast, Australia.
    Allard, Michael
    Bond University, Gold Coast, Australia.
    Kierkegaard, Marie
    Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; Academic Specialist Center, Stockholm Health Services, Stockholm, Sweden; Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden.
    Peolsson, Anneli
    Linköping University, Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Division of Prevention, Rehabilitation and Community Medicine. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences.
    Dedering, Åsa
    Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
    What biopsychosocial factors are associated with work ability in conservatively managed patients with cervical radiculopathy?: A cross-sectional analysis2020In: PM&R, ISSN 1934-1482, E-ISSN 1934-1563, PM R, Vol. 12, no 1, p. 64-72Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Background

    No previous studies have investigated what biopsychosocial factors are associated with self‐reported work ability in conservatively managed patients with cervical radiculopathy.

    Objective

    To develop a theoretical model of factors and potential processes associated with variation in work ability based on a thorough assessment of biopsychosocial variables in conservatively managed patients with cervical radiculopathy.

    Design

    Cross‐sectional observational study.

    Setting

    Tertiary neurosurgery clinic.

    Patients

    A total of 144 conservatively managed patients with cervical pain and radiculopathy participated in the study.

    Methods

    From 64 biopsychosocial candidate variables, significant (P < .05) bivariate correlators with Work Ability Index (WAI) were entered as independent variables in a categorical regression. Elastic net regularization maintained the most parsimonious set of independent variables significantly associated with variation in WAI as the dependent variable. Process analysis of significant independent variable associations with WAI was performed.

    Main Outcome Measurement

    WAI.

    Results

    From 42 bivariate correlates of WAI, multivariate regression displayed a total of seven variables that were significantly (F [25,98] = 5.74, P < .05) associated with 65.8% of the variation in WAI. The Neck Disability Index (NDI) and Fear‐Avoidance Beliefs Questionnaire Work subscale (FABQ‐W) were significant individual factors within the final regression model. Process analysis displayed FABQ‐W having a significant specific indirect association with the direct association between NDI and WAI, with the model associated with 77% of the variability in WAI (F [2,84] = 141.17, P < .001).

    Conclusion

    Of 64 candidate biopsychosocial factors, NDI and FABQ‐W were the most significant multivariate correlates with work ability. FABQ‐W has a significant indirect association with baseline NDI scores and perceived work ability. This warrants future research trialing work‐related fear avoidance interventions in conservatively managed patients with cervical radiculopathy.

    Level of Evidence

    III

  • 5.
    Abbott, Allan
    et al.
    Department of Physical Therapy, Neuro R1:07, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; Division of Physiotherapy, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society (NVS), Karolinska Institute, Huddinge, Sweden; Institute of Health and Sport, Bond University, Queensland, Australia.
    Ghasemi-Kafash, Elaheh
    Division of Physiotherapy, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society (NVS), Karolinska Institute, Huddinge, Sweden.
    Dedering, Åsa
    Department of Physical Therapy, Neuro R1:07, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; Division of Physiotherapy, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society (NVS), Karolinska Institute, Huddinge, Sweden.
    The validity of using an electrocutaneous device for pain assessment in patients with cervical radiculopathy2014In: Physiotherapy Theory and Practice, ISSN 0959-3985, E-ISSN 1532-5040, Vol. 30, no 7, p. 500-506Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The purpose of this study was to evaluate the validity and preference for assessing pain magnitude with electrocutaneous testing (ECT) compared to the visual analogue scale (VAS) and Borg CR10 scale in men and women with cervical radiculopathy of varying sensory phenotypes. An additional purpose was to investigate ECT sensory and pain thresholds in men and women with cervical radiculopathy of varying sensory phenotypes. This is a cross-sectional study of 34 patients with cervical radiculopathy. Scatterplots and linear regression were used to investigate bivariate relationships between ECT, VAS and Borg CR10 methods of pain magnitude measurement as well as ECT sensory and pain thresholds. The use of the ECT pain magnitude matching paradigm for patients with cervical radiculopathy with normal sensory phenotype shows good linear association with arm pain VAS (R(2) = 0.39), neck pain VAS (R(2) = 0.38), arm pain Borg CR10 scale (R(2) = 0.50) and neck pain Borg CR10 scale (R(2) = 0.49) suggesting acceptable validity of the procedure. For patients with hypoesthesia and hyperesthesia sensory phenotypes, the ECT pain magnitude matching paradigm does not show adequate linear association with rating scale methods rendering the validity of the procedure as doubtful. ECT for sensory and pain threshold investigation, however, provides a method to objectively assess global sensory function in conjunction with sensory receptor specific bedside examination measures.

  • 6.
    Abbott, Allan
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Division of Prevention, Rehabilitation and Community Medicine. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Region Östergötland, Center for Surgery, Orthopaedics and Cancer Treatment, Department of Orthopaedics in Linköping.
    Gustafsson, Kristin
    Linköping University, Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Division of Prevention, Rehabilitation and Community Medicine. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Ryhov Cty Hosp, Sweden.
    Zhou, Caddie
    Ctr Registries Vastra Gotaland, Sweden.
    Rolfson, Ola
    Univ Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Svensson, Gunilla Limbäck
    Univ Gothenburg, Sweden; Ctr Registries, Sweden.
    Analgesic prescriptions received by patients before commencing the BOA model of care for osteoarthritis: a Swedish national registry study with matched reference and clinical guideline benchmarking2022In: Acta Orthopaedica, ISSN 1745-3674, E-ISSN 1745-3682, Vol. 93, p. 51-58Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Background and purpose - Swedish clinical guidelines for osteoarthritis (OA) prioritize patient education, exercise, and-if necessary-weight reduction before considering adjunct pharmacological intervention. Contrariwise, we investigated the proportion and type of dispensed analgesic prescriptions in Sweden received by patients during 3 years before commencing non-pharmacological primary care interventions for OA (2008-2016) compared with the general population. Furthermore, we analyzed the proportion of analgesic prescriptions dispensed before (2008-2012) compared with after (2012-2016) guideline publication in terms of concordance with clinical guideline recommendations. Patients and methods - Patients with hip or knee OA (n = 72,069) from the Better Management of OA national quality register receiving non-pharmacological interventions in primary care between 2008 and 2016 were included (OA cohort). An age, sex, and residence matched reference cohort (n = 216,207) was formed from the Swedish Total Population Register. Based on a period 3 years prior to inclusion in the OA cohort, Swedish Prescribed Drug Register data was linked to both the OA and reference cohorts. Results - Compared with the reference cohort, a distinctly larger proportion of the OA cohort had dispensed prescriptions for most types of analgesics, increasing exponentially each year prior to commencing non-pharmacological intervention. Since guideline publication, the proportion of the OA cohort having no dispensed prescription analgesics prior to non-pharmacological primary care intervention concordantly increased by 5.0% (95% CI 4.2-5.9). Furthermore, dispensed prescriptions concordantly decreased for non-selective NSAIDs -8.6% (CI -9.6 to -7.6), weak opioids -6.8% (CI -7.7 to -5.9), glucosamine -9.5% (CI -9.8 to -8.8). and hyaluronic acid -1.6% (CI -1.8 to -1.5) but discordantly increased for strong opioids 2.8% (CI 2.1-3.4) and glucocorticoid intra-articular injection for hip OA 2.1% (CI 1.0-3.1). Interpretation - In Sweden, dispensed prescription of analgesics commonly occurred before initiating non-pharmacological primary care interventions for OA but reduced modestly after guideline publication, which prioritizes non-pharmacological before pharmacological interventions. Additional modest improvements occurred in the stepped-care prioritization of analgesic prescription types. However, future strategies are required to curb an increase of strong opioids prescription for OA and glucocorticoid intra-articular injection for hip OA.

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  • 7.
    Abbott, Allan
    et al.
    Physiotherapist, Department for Physiotherapy, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Halvorsen, Marie
    Physiotherapist, Department for Physiotherapy, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Dedering, Åsa
    Physiotherapist, Department for Physiotherapy, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Is there a need for cervical collar usage post anterior cervical decompression and fusion?: A randomized control pilot trial2013In: Physiotherapy Theory and Practice, ISSN 0959-3985, E-ISSN 1532-5040, Vol. 29, no 4, p. 290-300Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) is a common surgical intervention for radiculopathy resulting from degenerative cervical spine conditions. Post-surgical cervical collar use is believed to reduce post-operative pain, provide the patient with a sense of security during activities of daily living and even reduce rates of non-fusion. This prospective randomized controlled pilot trial investigates trial design feasibility in relation to prospective physical, functional, and quality of life-related outcomes of patients undergoing ACDF with interbody cage, with (n = 17) and without (n = 16) post-operative cervical collar usage. Results show that the sample provides sufficient statistical power to show that the use of a rigid cervical collar during 6 post-operative weeks is associated with significantly lower levels of neck disability index after 6 weeks and significantly lower levels of prospective neck pain. To investigate causal quality of life or fusion rate outcomes, sample size needs to be increased at least fourfold and optimally sixfold when accounting for data loss in prospective follow-up. The study suggests that post-surgical cervical collar usage may help certain patients cope with initial post-operative pain and disability.

  • 8.
    Abbott, Allan
    et al.
    Department of Physical Therapy, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Division of Orthopaedics, Karolinska University Hospital, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm , Sweden.
    Hedlund, Rune
    Department of Orthopaedics, Institute for Clinical Science, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Tyni-Lenné, Raija
    Department of Physical Therapy, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Patient’s experience post-lumbar fusion regarding back problems, recovery and expectations in terms of the international classification of functioning, disability and health.2011In: Disability and Rehabilitation, ISSN 0963-8288, E-ISSN 1464-5165, Vol. 33, no 15-16, p. 1399-1408Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    PURPOSE:

    To describe within the context of the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF), patient's experiences post-lumber fusion regarding back problems, recovery and expectations of rehabilitation and to contrast with the content of outcome measures and the ICF low back pain (LBP) core sets.

    METHODS:

    The study has a cross-sectional and retrospective design and involves 20 lumbar fusion patients. Using the ICF, qualitative content analysis of semi-structured interviews 3-6 months post-surgery was performed. This was compared with the ICF related content of the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), Medical Outcome Study Short Form 36 (SF-36), European Quality of Life Questionnaire (EQ5D) and the ICF LBP core sets.

    RESULTS:

    Patient's experiences were most frequently linked to psychological, sensory, neuromusculoskeletal and movement related body function chapters of the ICF. The most frequently linked categories of activity and participation were mobility, domestic activities, family relationships, work, recreation and leisure. Environmental factors frequently linked were the use of analgesics, walking aids, family support, social security systems, health care systems and labour market employment services.

    CONCLUSIONS:

    This study highlights important ICF related aspects of patient's experiences post-lumber fusion. The use of the comprehensive ICF core sets is recommended in conjunction with ODI, SF-36 and the EQ5D for a broader analysis of patient outcomes post-lumbar fusion.

  • 9.
    Abbott, Allan
    et al.
    Karolinska University Hospital, Sweden; Karolinska Institute, Sweden; Bond University, Australia.
    Kjellman, Görel
    Linköping University, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Division of Physiotherapy. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Local Health Care Services in West Östergötland, Research & Development Unit in Local Health Care.
    Peolsson, Anneli
    Linköping University, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Division of Physiotherapy. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Multidimensional assessment of pain related disability after surgery for cervical disc disease2013In: APA Conference 2013: New moves, Australian Physiotherapy Association , 2013, p. 2-2Conference paper (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    Questions: Given only 25% of patients, 10 year post-surgery for cervical disc disease report clinically meaningful improvements in functional disability, what are the biopsychosocial factors associated with continued long-term disability? What are the implications for physiotherapy practice?

    Design: Cross-sectional observational study.

    Participants: Ninety patients who had undergone anterior discectomy and fusion (ACDF) surgery 10-13 years prior.

    Outcome Measures: The Neck Disability Index (NDI), ACDF surgery type, surgical fusion status, patient age and Part 1 of the West Haven-Yale multidimensional pain inventory Swedish version (MPI-S) were entered into a statistical model. Part 1 of the MPI-S contains 5 subscales: pain severity, interference, life control, affective distress and support.

    Results: Seventy-three patients answered the questionnaires. Non-linear categorical regression modeling (CATREG) of the selected predictive variables explained 76.1% of the variance in NDI outcomes 10-13 years post ACDF. Of these predictors, MPI-S affective distress subscale (β = 0.635, p = <0.001) and pain severity subscale (β = 0.354, p = <0.001) were significant individual predictors of NDI ratings.

    Conclusion: This is the first study to investigate potential factors associated with prolonged functional disability greater than 10 years post-surgery for cervical disc disease. The results suggest the importance of not only pain severity but also screening affective distress as a potential barrier to physical functioning in patients previously operated for cervical disc disease. Future research on the utility of affect-focused body awareness therapy and pain coping strategies for post-surgical patients with continuing pain and physical disability is indicated.

    Key Practice Points:

    •  The screening of pain severity and affective distress is of importance for patients presenting with continuing physical disability after previous surgery for cervical disc disorders

    •  Affect-focused body awareness therapies and pain coping strategies may be a potential treatment alternative for patients with continuing pain and physical disability.

  • 10.
    Abbott, Allan
    et al.
    Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Region Östergötland, Center for Surgery, Orthopaedics and Cancer Treatment, Department of Orthopaedics in Linköping. Linköping University, Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Division of Prevention, Rehabilitation and Community Medicine.
    Limbäck-Svensson, Gunilla
    Västra Götalandsregionen, Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Zhou, Caddie
    Västra Götalandsregionen, Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Gustafsson, Kristin
    Linköping University, Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Division of Prevention, Rehabilitation and Community Medicine. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences.
    Rolfson, Ola
    Västra Götalandsregionen, Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Dispenced prescriptions of analgesics prior to entering an osteoarthritis care program. a national registry linkage study2020In: Osteoarthritis and Cartilage, ISSN 1063-4584, E-ISSN 1522-9653, Vol. 28, p. S59-S60Article in journal (Refereed)
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  • 11.
    Abbott, Allan
    et al.
    Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; Bond University, Gold Coast, Australia.
    Möller, Hans
    Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Gerdhem, Paul
    Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
    CONTRAIS: CONservative TReatment for Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis: a randomised controlled trial protocol2013In: BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders, E-ISSN 1471-2474, Vol. 14, article id 261Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Background:

    Idiopathic scoliosis is a three-dimensional structural deformity of the spine that occurs in children and adolescents. Recent reviews on bracing and exercise treatment have provided some evidence for effect of these interventions. The purpose of this study is to improve the evidence base regarding the effectiveness of conservative treatments for preventing curve progression in idiopathic scoliosis.

    Methods/design:

    Patients: Previously untreated girls and boys with idiopathic scoliosis, 9 to 17 years of age with at least one year of remaining growth and a curve Cobb angle of 25–40 degrees will be included. A total of 135 participants will be randomly allocated in groups of 45 patients each to receive one of the three interventions.Interventions: All three groups will receive a physical activity prescription according to the World Health Organisation recommendations. One group will additionally wear a hyper-corrective night-time brace. One group will additionally perform postural scoliosis-specific exercises.Outcome: Participation in the study will last until the curve has progressed, or until cessation of skeletal growth. Outcome variables will be measured every 6 months. The primary outcome variable, failure of treatment, is defined as progression of the Cobb angle more than 6 degrees, compared to the primary x-ray, seen on two consecutive spinal standing x-rays taken with 6 months interval. Secondary outcome measures include the SRS-22r and EQ5D-Y quality of life questionnaires, the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) short form, and Cobb angle atend of the study.

    Discussion:This trial will evaluate which of the tested conservative treatment approaches that is the most effective for patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis.

    Trial registration: NCT01761305

  • 12.
    Abbott, Allan
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Division of Physiotherapy. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences.
    Schröder, Karin
    Linköping University, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Division of Physiotherapy. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences.
    Enthoven, Paul
    Linköping University, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Division of Physiotherapy. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences.
    Nilsen, Per
    Linköping University, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Division of Community Medicine. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences.
    Öberg, Birgitta
    Linköping University, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Division of Physiotherapy. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences.
    Effectiveness of implementing a best practice primary healthcare model for low back pain (BetterBack) compared with current routine care in the Swedish context: an internal pilot study informed protocol for an effectiveness-implementation hybrid type 2 trial2018In: BMJ Open, E-ISSN 2044-6055, Vol. 8, no 4, article id e019906Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Introduction Low back pain (LBP) is a major health problem commonly requiring healthcare. In Sweden, there is a call from healthcare practitioners (HCPs) for the development, implementation and evaluation of a best practice primary healthcare model for LBP.

    Aims (1) To improve and understand the mechanisms underlying changes in HCP confidence, attitudes and beliefs for providing best practice coherent primary healthcare for patients with LBP; (2) to improve and understand the mechanisms underlying illness beliefs, self-care enablement, pain, disability and quality of life in patients with LBP; and (3) to evaluate a multifaceted and sustained implementation strategy and the cost-effectiveness of the BetterBack☺ model of care (MOC) for LBP from the perspective of the Swedish primary healthcare context.

    Methods This study is an effectiveness-implementation hybrid type 2 trial testing the hypothesised superiority of the BetterBack☺ MOC compared with current routine care. The trial involves simultaneous testing of MOC effects at the HCP, patient and implementation process levels. This involves a prospective cohort study investigating implementation at the HCP level and a patient-blinded, pragmatic, cluster, randomised controlled trial with longitudinal follow-up at 3, 6 and 12 months post baseline for effectiveness at the patient level. A parallel process and economic analysis from a healthcare sector perspective will also be performed. Patients will be allocated to routine care (control group) or the BetterBack☺ MOC (intervention group) according to a stepped cluster dogleg structure with two assessments in routine care. Experimental conditions will be compared and causal mediation analysis investigated. Qualitative HCP and patient experiences of the BetterBack☺ MOC will also be investigated.

    Dissemination The findings will be published in peer-reviewed journals and presented at national and international conferences. Further national dissemination and implementation in Sweden and associated national quality register data collection are potential future developments of the project.

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  • 13.
    Abbott, Allan
    et al.
    Department of Physical Therapy, Karolinska University Hospital; Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Division of Orthopaedics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Tyni-Lenné, Raija
    Department of Physical Therapy, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Hedlund, Rune
    Department for Orthopaedics, Institute for Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Early rehabilitation targeting cognition, behaviour and motor function after lumbar fusion: A randomized controlled trial2010In: Spine, ISSN 0362-2436, E-ISSN 1528-1159, Vol. 35, no 8, p. 848-857Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Study Design - Open label randomized controlled trial with 3-, 6-, 12-month, and 2- to 3-year follow-up.

    Objective - To investigate the effectiveness of a psychomotor therapy focusing on cognition, behavior, and motor relearning compared with exercise therapy applied during the first 3 months after lumbar fusion.

    Summary of Background Data - Postoperative management after lumbar fusion commonly focuses on analgesic pain control and activities of daily living. After 3 months, exercise therapy is often implemented. No randomized controlled trial has investigated early rehabilitation techniques conducted during the first 3 months after surgery.

    Methods - The study recruited 107 patients, aged 18 to 65 years, selected for lumbar fusion because of 12 months of symptomatic spinal stenosis, spondylosis, degenerative/isthmic spondylolisthesis, or degenerative disc disease. The exercise therapy group received a home program focusing on pain contingent training of back, abdominal, and leg muscle functional strength and endurance, stretching, and cardiovascular fitness. The psychomotor therapy group received a home program and 3 outpatient sessions focusing on modifying maladaptive pain cognitions, behaviors, and motor control. Rated questionnaires investigating functional disability, pain, health-related quality of life, functional self-efficacy, outcome expectancy, fear of movement/(re)injury, and coping were assessed at 3, 6, 12 months, and 2 to 3 years after surgery.

    Results - Follow-up rates were 93% at 12 months and 81% at 2 to 3 years after surgery. Psychomotor therapy improved functional disability, self-efficacy, outcome expectancy, and fear of movement/(re)injury significantly more than exercise therapy at respective follow-up occasions. Similar results occurred for pain coping but group differences were nonsignificant at 2 to 3 years follow-up. Potentially clinical relevant higher reoperation rates occurred after psychomotor therapy but rates were within normal ranges.

    Conclusion - The study shows that postoperative rehabilitation can be safely implemented during the first 3 months after lumbar fusion and should include measures to modify psychological as well as motor functions.

  • 14.
    Abbott, Allan
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Division of Physiotherapy. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Department of Physical Therapy, Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden; Division of Orthopaedics, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Tyni-Lenné, Raija
    Department of Physical Therapy, Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden; Division of Physiotherapy, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Hedlund, Rune
    Department for Orthopaedics, Institute for Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Leg pain and psychological variables predict outcome 2-3 years after lumber fusion surgery2011In: European spine journal, ISSN 0940-6719, E-ISSN 1432-0932, Vol. 20, no 10, p. 1626-1634Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Prediction studies testing a thorough range of psychological variables in addition to demographic, work-related and clinical variables are lacking in lumbar fusion surgery research. This prospective cohort study aimed at examining predictions of functional disability, back pain and health-related quality of life (HRQOL) 2-3 years after lumbar fusion by regressing nonlinear relations in a multivariate predictive model of pre-surgical variables. Before and 2-3 years after lumbar fusion surgery, patients completed measures investigating demographics, work-related variables, clinical variables, functional self-efficacy, outcome expectancy, fear of movement/(re)injury, mental health and pain coping. Categorical regression with optimal scaling transformation, elastic net regularization and bootstrapping were used to investigate predictor variables and address predictive model validity. The most parsimonious and stable subset of pre-surgical predictor variables explained 41.6, 36.0 and 25.6% of the variance in functional disability, back pain intensity and HRQOL 2-3 years after lumbar fusion. Pre-surgical control over pain significantly predicted functional disability and HRQOL. Pre-surgical catastrophizing and leg pain intensity significantly predicted functional disability and back pain while the pre-surgical straight leg raise significantly predicted back pain. Post-operative psychomotor therapy also significantly predicted functional disability while pre-surgical outcome expectations significantly predicted HRQOL. For the median dichotomised classification of functional disability, back pain intensity and HRQOL levels 2-3 years post-surgery, the discriminative ability of the prediction models was of good quality. The results demonstrate the importance of pre-surgical psychological factors, leg pain intensity, straight leg raise and post-operative psychomotor therapy in the predictions of functional disability, back pain and HRQOL-related outcomes.

  • 15.
    Abbott, Allan
    et al.
    Department of Physical Therapy, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Division of Orthopaedics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Tyni-Lenné, Raija
    Department of Physical Therapy, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Hedlund, Rune
    Institute for Clinical Sciences, Department for Orthopaedics, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden.
    The influence of psychological factors on pre-operative levels of pain intensity, disability and HRQOL in lumbar spinal fusion surgery patients2010In: Physiotherapy, ISSN 0031-9406, E-ISSN 1873-1465, Vol. 96, no 3, p. 213-221Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    OBJECTIVES:

    To assess the extent to which perceived pain and psychological factors explain levels of disability and health-related quality of life (HRQOL) in patients scheduled for lumbar fusion surgery, and to test the hypothesis that relationships between pain intensity, mental health, fear of movement/(re)injury, disability and HRQOL are mediated by cognitive beliefs and appraisals.

    DESIGN:

    Cross-sectional, correlation study.

    SETTING:

    Orthopaedic outpatient setting in a tertiary hospital.

    PARTICIPANTS:

    One hundred and seven chronic back pain patients scheduled for lumbar fusion surgery.

    MEASURES:

    Visual analogue scale for pain intensity, Short Form 36 mental health subscale, Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia, Back Beliefs Questionnaire, Self-efficacy Scale, Coping Strategy Questionnaire, Oswestry Disability Index and European Quality of Life Questionnaire.

    RESULTS:

    The group effect of multiple mediators significantly influenced the relationships between pain intensity and mental health, fear of movement/(re)injury, functional disability and HRQOL. Pain catastrophising significantly mediated the relationship between pain intensity and mental health, control over pain significantly mediated the relationship between mental health and functional disability, self-efficacy and pain outcome expectancy significantly mediated the relationship between mental health and HRQOL, and self-efficacy also significantly mediated the relationship between pain intensity, fear of movement/(re)jury and functional disability. The model explained 28, 30, 52 and 42% of the variation in mental health, fear of movement/(re)injury, functional disability and HRQOL, respectively.

    CONCLUSIONS:

    This study highlights the strong influence and mediation roles of psychological factors on pain, mental health, fear of movement/(re)injury, disability and HRQOL in patients scheduled for lumber fusion. Future research should focus on screening as well as pre- and post-operative interventions based on these psychological factors for the potential improvement of lumber fusion surgery outcomes.

    Copyright 2010 Chartered Society of Physiotherapy. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  • 16.
    Abbott, Allan
    et al.
    Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Tynni-Lenne, Raija
    Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Hedlund, Rune
    Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Early physiotherapeutic rehabilitation following lumbar spinal fusion surgery2009In: Oral Presentations: Cervical Spine: The Surgical Treatment of Painful Disorders, Springer, 2009, Vol. 18, Supplement 4, p. S409-S410Conference paper (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    Background: Physiotherapy after lumbar spinal fusion surgery is traditionally focused on physical exercise. Too few studies have investigatedthe efficacy of modern lumbar stabilization exercise regimes. Benefits have been shown for combining traditional physical exercise with a psychosocial intervention. No randomised controlled study has evaluated thecombined biopsychosocial effect of modern lumbar stabilization exercisesand cognitive behavioural intervention compared to traditional physical exercise starting immediately after lumbar spinal fusion.

    Purpose: To investigate the effectiveness of modern physiotherapy(MPT) compared to a traditional physiotherapy (TPT) starting immediately after lumber spinal fusion.

    Study design/setting: Randomized controlled clinical trial.

    Patient sample, inclusion period and follow-up: Patients between 18 and 65 years, selected for lumbar spinal fusion due to at least 12 months of CLBP symptoms caused by spinal stenosis, spondylosis, spondylolisthesis or degenerative disc disease were included in the study between 2005 and 2007. A total of 107 patients were randomly allocated to the MPT group (n = 53) and TPT group (n = 54). The TPT group was prescribed daily home based pain contingent training of traditional physical exercises for back, abdominal and leg muscles. The MPT group was prescribed daily home based training of lumbar stabilization exercises combined with 90 min of cognitive behavioural intervention at 3, 6 and 9 weeks after the operation. The patients outcomes were followed up at 3, 6, 12 months and 2–3 years

    Outcome measures: Oswestry disability index (ODI), pain intensity, HRQOL, kinesiophobia, anxiety/depression, self-efficacy, outcome expectancy, use of coping strategies, work status, sickness leave and health care use.

    Methods: Analysis of mean differences between groups.

    Results: 2–3 year follow-up showed that the MPT group had significantly lower percentage scores in ODI = 18.2 (P = 0.008), kinesiophobia= 30.0 (P = 0.001), catastrophizing = 21.8 (P = 0.006) and higher self-efficacy = 64.6 (P = 0.019) compared to TPT group’s ODI = 28.1, kinesiophobia = 41.9, catastrophizing = 31.3 and self-efficacy = 55.5. The MPT group had significantly more employment, less health care use (P = 0.035) and less long-term sickness leave (P = 0.040).

    Conclusions: This study provides evidence for the benefits of combining lumbar stabilization exercise and cognitive behavioural intervention starting immediately after lumbar fusion.

  • 17.
    Abbott, Allan
    et al.
    Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Tynni-Lenné, R
    Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Hedlund, R
    Sahlgrenska Academy, Gothenburg University, Gothenburg, Sweden.
    The effectiveness of physiotherapeutic rehabilitation and issues of outcome prediction after lumber fusion surgery.2011In: Proceedings of the WCPT Congress, Amsterdam Netherlands. / [ed] Physiotherapy, World Confederation of Physical Therapy , 2011, Vol. 97 (Suppl 1), p. 20-Conference paper (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    Purpose: The primary purpose was to analyse the short and long term effectiveness of physiotherapeutic rehabilitation programs performed during the first 3 month after lumbar fusion surgery. A secondary purpose was to analyse factors predicting long-term disability, back pain and health related quality of life (HRQOL) outcomes after lumbar fusion.

    Relevance: The study provides evidence for the effectiveness of early physiotherapy after lumbar fusion. Furthermore improved knowledge of predictive factors can help physiotherapist in the screening of lumbar fusion candidates and the individualised implementation of pre-surgical and post-surgical interventions.

    Participants: A total of 107 patients were recruited from the Karolinska University Hospital's Orthopaedic Clinic, Stockholm, Sweden. The inclusion criteria were: men and women aged between 18 and 65 years with a >12 month history of back pain and/or sciatica; a primary diagnosis of spinal stenosis, degenerative or isthmic spondylolisthesis or degenerative disc disease; selected for lumbar fusion with or without decompression; competence in the Swedish language. The criteria for exclusion were: previous lumbar fusion, rheumatoid arthritis and ankylosing spondylitis.

    Methods: An open book randomised controlled trial with pre-surgical and post-surgical measures at 3, 6, 12 and 24-36 months was performed to investigate the effectiveness of a psychomotor therapy focusing on cognition, behaviour and motor relearning compared to exercise therapy focusing on strength and conditioning, applied during the first 3 months after lumbar fusion. Randomisation allocated 53 patients to psychomotor therapy and 54 patients to exercise therapy. The Oswestry disability index (ODI) was the primary outcome measure. Secondary measures included the Visual analogue scale for back pain (VAS), European quality of life questionnaire (EQ5D), as well as other clinical, psychological and work related variables.

    Analysis: A total of 78 patients were needed assuming a power = 80%. Patient compliance was analysed and an intention to treat principle applied to data analysis. For statistical comparison between the 2 independent groups, analysis of covariance was used. Categorical regression with optimal scaling transformation, elastic net regularization and bootstrapping were used to investigate pre-surgical predictor variables and address predictive model validity.

    Results: Follow-up rates were 93% at 12 months and 81% at 24-36 months after surgery. Psychomotor therapy improved functional disability, self-efficacy, outcome expectancy and fear of movement/(re)injury significantly more than exercise therapy at respective follow-up occasions. Pre-surgical control over pain significantly predicted functional disability and HRQOL. Pre-surgical catastrophizing and leg pain intensity significantly predicted functional disability and back pain while the pre-surgical lasegue test significantly predicted back pain. The implementation of post-operative psychomotor therapy also significantly predicted functional disability while pre-surgical outcome expectations significantly predicted HRQOL.

    Conclusions: The study shows that post-operative rehabilitation can be safely implemented during the first 3 months after lumbar fusion and should include measures to modify psychological as well as motor functions. The study also demonstrates the importance of pre-surgical psychological factors, leg pain intensity, the lasegue test and post-operative psychomotor therapy in the predictions of functional disability, back pain and HRQOL related outcomes.

    Implications: Physiotherapist should screen patients pain, psychological factors and neuromusculoskeletal system pre-surgically and rehabilitate patients with early psychomotor therapy after lumbar fusion.

  • 18.
    Abbott, Allan
    et al.
    Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Tynni-Lenné, Raija
    Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Hedlund, Rune
    Gothenburg University, Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Early rehabilitation targeting cognition, behaviour and motor function after lumbar fusion: A randomised controlled trial2010In: Abstracts: Oral Presentations, 2010, p. 186-186Conference paper (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    Study Design: Open label randomised controlled trial with 3, 6, 12 month and 2-3 year follow-up.

    Objective. To investigate the effectiveness of a psychomotor therapy focusing on cognition, behaviour and motor relearning compared to exercise therapy applied during the first 3 months after lumbar fusion.

    Methods: The study recruited 107 patients, aged 18 to 65 years, selected for lumbar fusion due to 12 months of symptomatic spinal stenosis, degenerative/isthmic spondylolisthesis or degenerative disc disease. The exercise therapy group received a home program focusing on pain contingent training of back, abdominal and leg muscle functional strength and endurance, stretching and cardiovascular fitness. The psychomotor therapy group received a home program and 3 outpatient sessions focusing on modifying maladaptive pain cognitions, behaviours and motor control. Patient-rated questionnaires investigating functional disability, pain, health related quality of life, functional self-efficacy, outcome expectancy, fear of movement/(re)injury and copingwere assessed at baseline, 3, 6, 12 months and 2-3 years after surgery.

    Results: Follow-up rates were 93% at 12 months and 81% at 2-3 years after surgery. Psychomotor therapy improved functional disability, self-efficacy, outcome expectancy and fear of movement/(re)injury significantly more than exercise therapy at respective follow-up occasions. Similar results occurred for pain coping but group differences were non-significant at 2-3 year follow-up.

    Conclusions: The study shows that post-operative rehabilitation can be effectively implemented during the first 3 months after lumbar fusion and should include measures to modify psychological aswell as motor functions.

  • 19.
    Allen, K. D.
    et al.
    Univ North Carolina Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA; Univ North Carolina Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA; Durham Dept Vet Affairs Hlth Care Syst, NC 27705 USA.
    Huffman, K.
    Univ North Carolina Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA; Univ North Carolina Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA.
    Cleveland, R. J.
    Univ North Carolina Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA; Univ North Carolina Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA.
    van der Esch, M.
    Amsterdam Univ Appl Sci, Netherlands.
    Abbott, J. H.
    Univ Otago, New Zealand.
    Abbott, Allan
    Linköping University, Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Division of Prevention, Rehabilitation and Community Medicine. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Region Östergötland, Center for Surgery, Orthopaedics and Cancer Treatment, Department of Orthopaedics in Linköping.
    Bennell, K.
    Univ Melbourne, Australia.
    Bowden, J. L.
    Univ Sydney, Australia; Royal North Shore Hosp, Australia.
    Eyles, J.
    Univ Sydney, Australia; Royal North Shore Hosp, Australia.
    Healey, E. L.
    Keele Univ, England.
    Holden, M. A.
    Keele Univ, England.
    Jayakumar, P.
    Univ Texas Austin, TX 78712 USA.
    Koenig, K.
    Univ Texas Austin, TX 78712 USA.
    Lo, G.
    Baylor Coll Med, TX 77030 USA; Michael E DeBakey VA Med Ctr, TX USA.
    Losina, E.
    Harvard Med Sch, MA 02115 USA.
    Miller, K.
    Univ Wisconsin Madison, WI USA.
    Osteras, N.
    Diakonhjemmet Hosp, Norway.
    Pratt, C.
    Royal North Shore Hosp, Australia.
    Quicke, J. G.
    Chancery Exchange, England; Keele Univ, England.
    Sharma, S.
    Univ New South Wales, Australia; Ctr Pain IMPACT, Australia.
    Skou, S. T.
    Univ Southern Denmark, Denmark; Naestved Slagelse Ringsted Hosp, Denmark.
    Tveter, A. T.
    Diakonhjemmet Hosp, Norway.
    Woolf, A.
    Royal Cornwall Hosp, England.
    Yu, S. P.
    Univ Sydney, Australia; Royal North Shore Hosp, Australia.
    Hinman, R. S.
    Univ Melbourne, Australia.
    Evaluating Osteoarthritis Management Programs: outcome domain recommendations from the OARSI Joint Effort Initiative2023In: Osteoarthritis and Cartilage, ISSN 1063-4584, E-ISSN 1522-9653, Vol. 31, no 7, p. 954-965Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Objective: To develop sets of core and optional recommended domains for describing and evaluating Osteoarthritis Management Programs (OAMPs), with a focus on hip and knee Osteoarthritis (OA). Design: We conducted a 3-round modified Delphi survey involving an international group of researchers, health professionals, health administrators and people with OA. In Round 1, participants ranked the importance of 75 outcome and descriptive domains in five categories: patient impacts, implementation outcomes, and characteristics of the OAMP and its participants and clinicians. Domains ranked as "important" or "essential" by & GE;80% of participants were retained, and participants could suggest addi-tional domains. In Round 2, participants rated their level of agreement that each domain was essential for evaluating OAMPs: 0 = strongly disagree to 10 = strongly agree. A domain was retained if & GE;80% rated it & GE;6. In Round 3, participants rated remaining domains using same scale as in Round 2; a domain was recommended as "core" if & GE;80% of participants rated it & GE;9 and as "optional" if & GE;80% rated it & GE;7. Results: A total of 178 individuals from 26 countries participated; 85 completed all survey rounds. Only one domain, "ability to participate in daily activities", met criteria for a core domain; 25 domains met criteria for an optional recommendation: 8 Patient Impacts, 5 Implementation Outcomes, 5 Participant Characteristics, 3 OAMP Characteristics and 4 Clinician Characteristics. Conclusion: The ability of patients with OA to participate in daily activities should be evaluated in all OAMPs. Teams evaluating OAMPs should consider including domains from the optional recommended set, with representation from all five categories and based on stakeholder priorities in their local context. Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of Osteoarthritis Research Society International.

  • 20.
    Allen, K.D.
    et al.
    Department of Medicine & Thurston Arthritis Research Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, USA and Durham Department of Veterans Affairs Health Care System, USA.
    Huffman, K.
    Department of Medicine & Thurston Arthritis Research Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, USA.
    Cleveland, R.J.
    Department of Medicine & Thurston Arthritis Research Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, USA.
    van der Esch, M.
    Faculty of Health, Amsterdam University of Applied Sciences, Reade, Center for Rehabilitation and Rheumatology, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
    Abbott, J.H.
    Centre for Musculoskeletal Outcomes Research, University of Otago Medical School, Dunedin, New Zealand.
    Abbott, A.
    Linköping University, Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Division of Prevention, Rehabilitation and Community Medicine. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences.
    Bennell, K.
    Centre for Health, Exercise and Sports Medicine, Department of Physiotherapy, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.
    Bowden, J.L.
    Kolling Institute, Sydney Musculoskeletal Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
    Eyles, J.
    Kolling Institute, Sydney Musculoskeletal Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia and Department of Rheumatology, Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
    Healey, E.L.
    School of Medicine, Primary Care Centre Versus Arthritis, Keele University, UK.
    Holden, M.A.
    School of Medicine, Primary Care Centre Versus Arthritis, Keele University, UK.
    Jayakumar, P.
    The Musculoskeletal Institute: Department of Surgery and Perioperative Care, Dell Medical School, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA.
    Koenig, K.
    Department of Surgery and Perioperative Care, Dell Medical School, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA.
    Lo, G.
    Section of Immunology, Allergy and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine and Center of Innovations in Quality, Effectiveness and Safety, Michael E. DeBakey VA Medical Center, Houston, TX, USA.
    Losina, E.
    Orthopedic and Arthritis Center for Outcomes Research (OrACORe), Policy and Innovation EValuation in Orthopedic Treatments (PIVOT) Center, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
    Miller, K.
    Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.
    Østerås, N.
    Center for treatment of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Diseases (REMEDY), Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
    Pratt, C.
    Physiotherapy Department, Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
    Quicke, J.G.
    Chartered Society of Physiotherapy, Chancery Exchange, London, UK and School of Medicine, Keele University, Keele, UK.
    Sharma, S.
    School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.
    Skou, S.T.
    Research Unit for Musculoskeletal Function and Physiotherapy, Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark and The Research Unit PROgrez, Department of Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy, Næstved-Slagelse-Ringsted Hospitals, Region Zealand, Slagelse, Denmark.
    Tveter, A.T.
    Center for treatment of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Diseases (REMEDY), Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
    Woolf, A.
    Bone and Joint Research Group, Royal Cornwall Hospital, Truro, UK.
    Yu, S.P.
    Kolling Institute, Sydney Musculoskeletal Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia and Department of Rheumatology, Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
    Hinman, R.S.
    Centre for Health, Exercise and Sports Medicine, Department of Physiotherapy, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.
    Evaluating Osteoarthritis Management Programs: outcome domain recommendations from the OARSI Joint Effort Initiative2023In: Osteoarthritis and Cartilage, ISSN 1063-4584, E-ISSN 1522-9653, Vol. 31, no 7, p. 954-965Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Objective To develop sets of core and optional recommended domains for describing and evaluating Osteoarthritis Management Programs (OAMPs), with a focus on hip and knee Osteoarthritis (OA).

    Design We conducted a 3-round modified Delphi survey involving an international group of researchers, health professionals, health administrators and people with OA. In Round 1, participants ranked the importance of 75 outcome and descriptive domains in five categories: patient impacts, implementation outcomes, and characteristics of the OAMP and its participants and clinicians. Domains ranked as “important” or “essential” by ≥80% of participants were retained, and participants could suggest additional domains. In Round 2, participants rated their level of agreement that each domain was essential for evaluating OAMPs: 0 = strongly disagree to 10 = strongly agree. A domain was retained if ≥80% rated it ≥6. In Round 3, participants rated remaining domains using same scale as in Round 2; a domain was recommended as “core” if ≥80% of participants rated it ≥9 and as “optional” if ≥80% rated it ≥7.

    Results A total of 178 individuals from 26 countries participated; 85 completed all survey rounds. Only one domain, “ability to participate in daily activities”, met criteria for a core domain; 25 domains met criteria for an optional recommendation: 8 Patient Impacts, 5 Implementation Outcomes, 5 Participant Characteristics, 3 OAMP Characteristics and 4 Clinician Characteristics.

    Conclusion The ability of patients with OA to participate in daily activities should be evaluated in all OAMPs. Teams evaluating OAMPs should consider including domains from the optional recommended set, with representation from all five categories and based on stakeholder priorities in their local context.

  • 21.
    Carter, Josh
    et al.
    Bond Institute of Health and Sport, Faculty of Health Science and Medicine, Bond University, Australia.
    Marshall, Nick
    Surflife Physio, Miami, Australia.
    Abbott, Allan
    Bond Institute of Health and Sport, Faculty of Health Science and Medicine, Bond University, Australia / Division of Physiotherapy, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden / Department of Physiotherapy, Karolinska University Hospital, Sweden.
    Shoulder Pain and Dysfunction in Young Surf Lifesavers2015In: Physical Therapy in Sport, ISSN 1466-853X, E-ISSN 1873-1600, Vol. 16, no 2, p. 162-168Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Objectives

    To determine the incidence and prevalence of significantly interrupting shoulder pain (SIP) in young surf lifesavers and to determine association with training dosage and the ‘combined elevation test’.

    Participants

    54 surf lifesavers aged 10 – 18 from the Gold Coast, Australia.

    Methods and Outcome Measures

    Retrospective survey of SIP and training dosage. Cross-sectional measures of the combined elevation test.

    Design

    Retrospective.

    Results

    56.5% of female surf lifesavers reported a history of SIP compared to males with 48.5%. Females had a higher combined elevation score compared to males, 28.32±SD8.52cm and 26.09±SD6.64cm, respectively. Young surf lifesavers had an incidence rate of 2.1 SIP episodes per thousand hours of training, an incidence proportion of 51.9% and prevalence of 18.5%. Combined elevation had low level positive trends with training dosages and statistically significant negative correlation with board paddling sessions per week (r= -0.287, p=<0.05). Those with a history of SIP had a statistically significant higher number of sessions (p=0.008), duration (p=0.015) and distance (p=0.005) swimming per week.

    Conclusion

    Young surf lifesavers with a history of SIP have greater swimming dosage not associated with decrease in combined elevation score. More board paddling sessions per week decreased the combined elevation score of young surf lifesavers.

  • 22.
    Charalampidis, Anastasios
    et al.
    Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology (CLINTEC), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden;Department of Reconstructive Orthopaedics, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Diarbakerli, Elias
    Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology (CLINTEC), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden;Department of Reconstructive Orthopaedics, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Dufvenberg, Marlene
    Linköping University, Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Division of Prevention, Rehabilitation and Community Medicine. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences.
    Jalalpour, Kourosh
    Department of Reconstructive Orthopaedics, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Ohlin, Acke
    Clinical and Molecular Osteoporosis Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences, Malmö, Lund University, Lund, Sweden;Department of Orthopaedics, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden..
    Ahl, Anna Aspberg
    Department of Orthopaedics, Ryhov Hospital, Jönköping, Sweden.
    Möller, Hans
    Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology (CLINTEC), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden;Stockholm Center for Spine Surgery, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Abbott, Allan
    Linköping University, Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Division of Prevention, Rehabilitation and Community Medicine. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Region Östergötland, Center for Surgery, Orthopaedics and Cancer Treatment, Department of Orthopaedics in Linköping.
    Gerdhem, Paul
    Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology (CLINTEC), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden;Department of Orthopedics and Hand Surgery, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden;Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
    Nighttime Bracing or Exercise in Moderate-Grade Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis2024In: JAMA Network Open, E-ISSN 2574-3805, Vol. 7, no 1, article id e2352492Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    IMPORTANCE Moderate-grade adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) may be treated with full-timebracing. For patients who reject full-time bracing, the effects of alternative, conservativeinterventions are unknown.

    OBJECTIVE To determine whether self-mediated physical activity combined with either nighttimebracing (NB) or scoliosis-specific exercise (SSE) is superior to a control of physical activity alone (PA)in preventing Cobb angle progression in moderate-grade AIS.

    DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS The Conservative Treatment for Adolescent IdiopathicScoliosis (CONTRAIS) randomized clinical trial was conducted from January 10, 2013, throughOctober 23, 2018, in 6 public hospitals across Sweden. Male and female children and adolescentsaged 9 to 17 years with an AIS primary curve Cobb angle of 25° to 40°, apex T7 or caudal, and skeletalimmaturity based on estimated remaining growth of at least 1 year were included in the study. Datesof analysis were from October 25, 2021, to January 28, 2023.

    INTERVENTIONS Interventions included self-mediated physical activity in combination with eitherNB or SSE or PA (control). Patients with treatment failure were given the option to transition to afull-time brace until skeletal maturity.

    MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES The primary outcome was curve progression of 6° or less(treatment success) or curve progression of more than 6° (treatment failure) seen on 2 consecutiveposteroanterior standing radiographs compared with the inclusion radiograph before skeletalmaturity. A secondary outcome of curve progression was the number of patients undergoing surgeryup until 2 years after the primary outcome.

    RESULTS The CONTRAIS study included 135 patients (45 in each of the 3 groups) with a mean (SD)age of 12.7 (1.4) years; 111 (82%) were female. Treatment success was seen in 34 of 45 patients (76%)in the NB group and in 24 of 45 patients (53%) in the PA group (odds ratio [OR], 2.7; 95% CI, 1.1-6.6).The number needed to treat to prevent curve progression with NB was 4.5 (95% CI, 2.4-33.5).Treatment success occurred in 26 of 45 patients (58%) in the SSE group (OR for SE vs PA, 1.2; 95% CI,0.5-2.8). Up to 2 years after the primary outcome time point, 9 patients in each of the 3 groupsunderwent surgery.

    CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE In this randomized clinical trial, treatment with NB preventedcurve progression of more than 6° to a significantly higher extent than did PA, while SSE did not; inaddition, allowing transition to full-time bracing after treatment failure resulted in similar surgicalfrequencies independent of initial treatment. These results suggest that NB may be an effectivealternative intervention in patients rejecting full-time bracing.

  • 23.
    Daley, M
    et al.
    Bond University, Australia.
    McDonald, M
    Ozcare, Robina, Australia.
    Irwin, J
    Ozcare, Robina, Australia.
    Abbott, AD
    Bond University, Australia.
    Factors effecting participation rates in chronic disease self-management programmes.2013In: APA Conference 2013: New moves, Australian Physiotherapy Association , 2013, p. 2-2Conference paper (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    Question: What factors contribute to a lack of participation in community health care based Chronic Disease Self-Management (CDSM) programmes?

    Design: Descriptive study

    Participants: Twenty two patients eligible to participate in a community health care based CDSM program and 17 general practitioners (GP).

    Outcome Measures: A patient self-reported questionnaire was used to investigate expectations, potential facilitators and barriers to patient participation and GP referral to a CDSM program.

    Results: For eligible CDSM participants, 57% were expecting relevant health maintenance advice, 18% expected improved general health and 25% were unsure what to expect. The main facilitators to participation were active recruitment by CDSM providers and that the program was cost free. Main barriers to participation included patient perceived relevance of the CDSM and scheduling issues. For GP’s, a lack of awareness, uncertainty of referral pathway, their time constraints, and appropriateness for their client were the main barrier to referring to CDSM programs.

    Conclusion: Clear information on CDSM program content and referral pathways directed at both potential participants and those who would refer participants should be greatly improved.

    Key Practice Points:

    •  Community health CDSM providers should consider improving awareness of programs through marketing clear program content and referral pathways to potential patients directly and local health care professionals.

  • 24.
    Dell'Isola, Andrea
    et al.
    Lunds University, Lund, Sweden.
    Vinblad, Johanna
    Centre of Registers Västra Götaland, The Swedish Hip Arthroplasty Register, Goteborg, Sweden; University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Lohmander, Stefan
    Lunds University, Lund, Sweden.
    Svensson, Ann-Marie
    National Diabetes Register, Centre of Registers in Region Västra Götaland, Goteborg, Sweden; University of Gothenburg, Goteborg, Sweden.
    Turkiewicz, Aleksandra
    Lunds University, Lund, Sweden.
    Franzén, Stefan
    National Diabetes Register, Centre of Registers Västra Götaland, Gothenburg, Sweden; University of Gothenburg, Goteborg, Sweden.
    Nauclér, Emma
    Centre of Registers Västra Götaland, The Swedish Hip Arthroplasty Register, Goteborg, Sweden.
    W-Dahl, A
    Lund University, Lund, Sverige, Sweden; The Swedish Knee Arthroplasty Register, Lund, Sweden.
    Abbott, Allan
    Linköping University, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Division of Physiotherapy. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Region Östergötland, Center for Surgery, Orthopaedics and Cancer Treatment, Department of Orthopaedics in Linköping.
    Dahlberg, L
    Lunds University, Lund, Sweden.
    Rolfson, Ola
    Centre of Registers Västra Götaland, The Swedish Hip Arthroplasty Register, Goteborg, Sweden; University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Englund, Martin
    Lunds University, Lund, Sweden.
    Understanding the role of diabetes in the osteoarthritis disease and treatment process: A study protocol for the Swedish osteoarthitis and disease (SOAD) cohort2019In: BMJ Open, E-ISSN 2044-6055, BMJ Open, Vol. 9, no 12Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Introduction Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common form of arthritis and a leading cause of disability worldwide. Metabolic comorbidities such as type II diabetes occur with a higher rate in people with OA than in the general population. Several factors including obesity, hyperglycaemia toxicity and physical inactivity have been suggested as potential links between diabetes and OA, and have been shown to negatively impact patients’ health and quality of life. However, little is known on the role of diabetes in determining the outcome of non-surgical and surgical management of OA, and at the same time, how different OA interventions may affect diabetes control. Thus, the overall aim of this project is to explore (1) the impact of diabetes on the outcome of non-surgical and surgical OA treatments and (2) the impact of non-surgical and surgical OA treatments on diabetes control.

    Methods and analysis The study cohort is based on prospectively ascertained register data on a national level in Sweden. Data from OA patients who received a first-line non-surgical intervention and are registered in the National Quality Register for Better Management of Patients with Osteoarthritis will be merged with data from the Swedish Knee and Hip Arthroplasty Registers and the National Diabetes Register. Additional variables regarding patients’ use of prescribed drugs, comorbidities, socioeconomic status and cause of death will be obtained through other national health and population data registers. The linkage will be performed on an individual level using unique personal identity numbers.

    Ethics and dissemination This study received ethical approval (2019-02570) from the Swedish Ethical Review Authority. Results from this cohort will be submitted to peer-reviewed scientific journals and reported at the leading national and international meetings in the field.

  • 25.
    Diarbakerli, Elias
    et al.
    Karolinska Inst, Sweden; Karolinska Univ Hosp, Sweden.
    Abbott, Allan
    Linköping University, Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Division of Prevention, Rehabilitation and Community Medicine. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Region Östergötland, Center for Surgery, Orthopaedics and Cancer Treatment, Department of Orthopaedics in Linköping.
    Gerdhem, Paul
    Karolinska Inst, Sweden; Karolinska Univ Hosp, Sweden; Uppsala Univ, Sweden.
    PREventing Mild Idiopathic SCOliosis PROgression (PREMISCOPRO): A protocol for a randomized controlled trial comparing scoliosis-specific exercises with observation in mild idiopathic scoliosis2023In: PLOS ONE, E-ISSN 1932-6203, Vol. 18, no 5Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    BackgroundIdiopathic scoliosis is the most common spinal deformity in children. Treatment strategies aim to halt progression of the curve. Mild scoliosis is in many cases observed or, in some cases, treated with scoliosis-specific exercises. More severe curves are treated mainly with a brace. The aim of this study is to investigate the effectiveness of scoliosis-specific exercises compared to observation in adolescents with mild idiopathic scoliosis. MethodsSubjects. Previously untreated and skeletally immature children aged 9-15 years of age with idiopathic scoliosis (curve magnitude Cobb 15-24 degrees) will be included. A total of 90 subjects will be included to receive one of two possible interventions.Interventions. Both groups will receive a physical activity prescription according to the World Health Organization recommendations. The intervention group will receive an additional active self-correction treatment strategy for curve correction and will have outpatient sessions once every two weeks for the first three months. They will be prescribed to do the exercises at least three times per week. The intervention will be performed until skeletal maturity or progression of the curve.Outcome. The subjects will participate in the study until curve progression or until skeletal maturity (defined as less than 1 cm growth for six months). The primary outcome variable is failure of treatment, defined as progression of the Cobb angle more than 6 degrees on two consecutive x-rays compared to the baseline x-ray. Secondary outcome measures include patient-reported outcomes, clinical characteristics (i.e. angle of trunk rotation and trunk asymmetry) and number requiring brace treatment. Clinical follow-ups will be performed every six months and radiographs will be taken annually. DiscussionThis study will compare effectiveness of an active self-corrective exercise strategy in mild idiopathic scoliosis with observation in terms of halting curve progression.

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  • 26.
    Diarbakerli, Elias
    et al.
    Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Reconstructive Orthopaedics, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Charalampidis, Anastasios
    Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Reconstructive Orthopaedics, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Abbott, Allan
    Linköping University, Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Division of Prevention, Rehabilitation and Community Medicine. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Region Östergötland, Center for Surgery, Orthopaedics and Cancer Treatment, Department of Orthopaedics in Linköping.
    Gerdhem, Paul
    Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Reconstructive Orthopaedics, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
    PReventing Idiopathic SCOliosis PROgression (PRISCOPRO): A protocol for a quadruple-blinded, randomized controlled trial comparing 3D designed Boston brace to standard Boston brace2021In: PLOS ONE, E-ISSN 1932-6203, Vol. 16, no 8, article id e0255264Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Introduction

    Idiopathic scoliosis is the most common spinal deformity in children. Treatment strategies aim to halt progression of the curve. Patients are treated mainly with thoracolumbosacral orthosis (TLSO) if indicated. This form of brace treatment has been shown to be cumbersome and tough on growing individuals. However, computer aided design and manufactured (CAD/CAM) braces might increase comfortability and ultimately outcome if compliance is improved. In a multicenter, randomized controlled trial, we aim to compare CAD/CAM designed Boston 3D-brace to standard Boston brace.

    Methods

    Subjects: 170 previously untreated and skeletally immature children diagnosed with idiopathic scoliosis, aged 9–17 years of age (curve magnitude Cobb 25–40 degrees) will be included. Interventions: Both groups will receive a physical activity prescription according to the World Health Organization recommendations. Randomization will be performed 1:1 to a 3D CAD/CAM designed Boston 3D-brace or a standard Boston brace, both with prescribed daily wear time of 20 hours. Outcome: The subjects will participate in the study until curve progression or until skeletal maturity. The primary outcome variable is failure of treatment, defined as progression of the Cobb angle more than 6 degrees compared to the baseline x-ray. The progression is confirmed if seen on two consecutive standing spinal x-rays. Radiographs will be taken at each six-month follow-up. Secondary outcome measures include patient and clinical reported outcomes, including number of individuals requiring surgical intervention.

    Discussion

    This study will show if efficacy in brace treatment can be improved with new brace designs.

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  • 27.
    Diarbakerli, Elias
    et al.
    Department of Clinical Sciences, Intervention and Technology (CLINTEC), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Orthopaedics, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Grauers, Anna
    Department of Clinical Sciences, Intervention and Technology (CLINTEC), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Orthopaedics, Sundsvall and Härnösand County Hospital, Sundsvall, Sweden.
    Danielsson, Aina
    Department of Orthopaedics, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Göteborg, Sweden; Department of Orthopaedics, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy at Göteborg University, Sweden.
    Abbott, Allan
    Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Division of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.
    Gerdhem, Paul
    Department of Clinical Sciences, Intervention and Technology (CLINTEC), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Orthopaedics, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Quality of life in males and females with idiopathic scoliosis2019In: Spine, ISSN 0362-2436, E-ISSN 1528-1159, Vol. 44, no 6, p. 404-410Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Study Design. Cross-sectional.

    Objective. To describe quality of life in males and females with idiopathic scoliosis.

    Summary of Background Data. Idiopathic scoliosis is a three-dimensional deformity affecting the growing spine. The prevalence of larger curves, requiring treatment, is higher in females.

    Methods. This cross-sectional study comprised 1519 individuals with idiopathic scoliosis (211 males) with a mean (SD) age of 35.3 (14.9) years. They all answered the Scoliosis Research Society 22 revised (SRS-22r) questionnaire and EuroQol 5-dimension-index (EQ-5D). Five hundred twenty eight were surgically treated (78 males), 535 were brace treated (50 males), and 456 were untreated (83 males). The SRS-22r subscore (excluding the satisfaction domain), the SRS-22r domains and the EQ-5D index score were calculated. Subgroup analyses based on treatment and age were performed. Statistical comparisons were performed using analysis of covariance with adjustments for age and treatment. A P-value less than 0.05 was considered as statistical significant.

    Results. The mean (SD) SRS-22r subscore was 4.19 (0.61) in males and 4.05 (0.61) in females (P = 0.010). The males had higher scores on the SRS-22r domains function (4.56 vs. 4.42), pain (4.20 vs. 4.00), and mental health (4.14 vs. 3.92) (all P < 0.05). The mean (SD) EQ-5D index score was 0.85 (0.22) for males and 0.81 (0.21) for females (P = 0.10). There were minor differences when comparing males and females in treatment and age groups, but both treated and untreated groups had reduced quality of life compared with the national norms.

    Conclusion. When compared with females, males with idiopathic scoliosis tend to have slightly higher scores in the scoliosis specific SRS-22r but not in the generic quality of life measurement EQ-5D. Quality of life is overall similar between males and females in treatment and age groups, but reduced in comparison with the general population.

    Level of Evidence: 3

  • 28.
    Diarbakerli, Elias
    et al.
    Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Savvides, Panayiotis
    Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Wihlborg, Axel
    Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Abbott, Allan
    Linköping University, Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Division of Prevention, Rehabilitation and Community Medicine. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Region Östergötland, Center for Surgery, Orthopaedics and Cancer Treatment, Department of Orthopaedics in Linköping.
    Bergström, Ingrid
    Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Gerdhem, Paul
    Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Bone health in adolescents with idiopathic scoliosis: a comparison with age- and sex-matched controls2020In: The Bone & Joint Journal, ISSN 2049-4394, E-ISSN 2049-4408, Vol. 102-B, no 2, p. 268-272Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Aims

    Idiopathic scoliosis is the most common spinal deformity in adolescents and children. The aetiology of the disease remains unknown. Previous studies have shown a lower bone mineral density in individuals with idiopathic scoliosis, which may contribute to the causation. The aim of the present study was to compare bone health in adolescents with idiopathic scoliosis with controls.

    Methods

    We included 78 adolescents with idiopathic scoliosis (57 female patients) at a mean age of 13.7 years (8.5 to 19.6) and 52 age- and sex-matched healthy controls (39 female patients) at a mean age of 13.8 years (9.1 to 17.6). Mean skeletal age, estimated according to the Tanner-Whitehouse 3 system (TW3), was 13.4 years (7.4 to 17.8) for those with idiopathic scoliosis, and 13.1 years (7.4 to 16.5) for the controls. Mean Cobb angle for those with idiopathic scoliosis was 29° (SD 11°). All individuals were scanned with dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and peripheral quantitative CT (pQCT) of the left radius and tibia to assess bone density. Statistical analyses were performed with independent-samples t-test, the Mann-Whitney U test, and the chi-squared test.

    Results

    Compared with controls, adolescents with idiopathic scoliosis had mean lower DXA values in the left femoral neck (0.94 g/cm2 (SD 0.14) vs 1.00 g/cm2 (SD 0.15)), left total hip (0.94 g/cm2 (SD 0.14) vs 1.01 g/cm2 (SD 0.17)), L1 to L4 (0.99 g/cm2 (SD 0.15) vs 1.06 g/cm2 (SD 0.17)) and distal radius (0.35 g/cm2 (SD 0.07) vs 0.39 g/cm2 (SD 0.08; all p ≤ 0.024), but not in the mid-radius (0.72 g/cm2 vs 0.74 g/cm2; p = 0.198, independent t-test) and total body less head (1,559 g (SD 380) vs 1,649 g (SD 492; p = 0.0.247, independent t-test). Compared with controls, adolescents with idiopathic scoliosis had lower trabecular volume bone mineral density (BMD) on pQCT in the distal radius (184.7 mg/cm3 (SD 40.0) vs 201.7 mg/cm3 (SD 46.8); p = 0.029), but not in other parts of the radius or the tibia (p ≥ 0.062, Mann-Whitney U test).

    Conclusion

    In the present study, idiopathic scoliosis patients seemed to have lower BMD at central skeletal sites and less evident differences at peripheral skeletal sites when compared with controls.

  • 29.
    Diarbakerli, Elias
    et al.
    Karolinska Inst, Sweden; Karolinska Univ Hosp, Sweden.
    Thoreson, Olof
    Univ Gothenburg, Sweden; Sahlgrens Univ Hosp, Sweden.
    Björklund, Martin
    Umea Univ, Sweden; Univ Gavle, Sweden.
    Dahlberg, Leif E.
    Lund Univ, Sweden.
    Englund, Martin
    Lund Univ, Sweden.
    Gerdhem, Paul
    Karolinska Inst, Sweden; Karolinska Univ Hosp, Sweden.
    Kvist, Joanna
    Linköping University, Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Division of Prevention, Rehabilitation and Community Medicine. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Karolinska Inst, Sweden.
    Mohaddes, Maziar
    Univ Gothenburg, Sweden; Sahlgrens Univ Hosp, Sweden; Sahlgrens Univ Hosp, Sweden.
    Peolsson, Anneli
    Linköping University, Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Division of Prevention, Rehabilitation and Community Medicine. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Region Östergötland, Medicine Center, Occupational and Environmental Medicine Center.
    Rolfson, Ola
    Univ Gothenburg, Sweden; Sahlgrens Univ Hosp, Sweden; Sahlgrens Univ Hosp, Sweden.
    Öberg, Birgitta
    Linköping University, Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Division of Prevention, Rehabilitation and Community Medicine. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences.
    Abbott, Allan
    Linköping University, Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Division of Prevention, Rehabilitation and Community Medicine. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Region Östergötland, Center for Surgery, Orthopaedics and Cancer Treatment, Department of Orthopaedics in Linköping.
    Learning from the past to plan for the future: A scoping review of musculoskeletal clinical research in Sweden 2010-20202022In: Upsala Journal of Medical Sciences, ISSN 0300-9734, E-ISSN 2000-1967, Vol. 127, no 1, article id e8709Article, review/survey (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Background: The aims of this study are to 1) determine the scope of musculoskeletal (MSK)-related clinical research in Sweden; 2) collate the amount of first-tier funding received; 3) discuss strategies and infrastructure supporting future MSK clinical trials in Sweden. Methods: A systematic scoping review protocol was applied in PubMed, Scopus, and SweCRIS databases. The articles were examined, and data were extracted in multiple stages by three blinded authors. Results: The search strategy resulted in 3,025 publications from 479 Swedish-affiliated authors. Primary health care was the basis for 14% of the publications, 84% from secondary health care, and 2% from occupational health care with a similar proportional distribution of first-tier research grant financing. Approximately one in six publications were randomized controlled trials (RCTs), while the majority were of observational cohort design. The majority of publications in primary and occupational health care were related to pain disorders (51 and 67%, respectively), especially diagnosis, prognosis, and healthcare organizational-related interventions (34%) and rehabilitation (15%) with similar proportional distribution of first-tier research grant financing. In secondary health care, rheumatic inflammatory disorder-related publications were most prevalent (30%), most frequently concerning diagnosis, prognosis, and healthcare organizational-related interventions (20%), attracting approximately half of all first-tier funding. Publications related to degenerative joint disorders (25%), fractures (16%), and joint, tendon, and muscle injuries (13%) frequently concerned surgical and other orthopedic-related interventions (16, 6, and 8%, respectively). Pain disorder-related publications (10%) as well as bone health and osteoporosis-related publications (4%) most frequently concerned diagnosis, prognosis, and healthcare organizational-related interventions (5 and 3%, respectively). Conclusions: Swedish-affiliated MSK disorder research 2010-2020 was predominantly observational cohort rather than RCT based. There was skewed first-tier funding allocation considering prevalence/incidence and burden of disease. Use of infrastructure supporting register-based RCTs, placebo-controlled RCTs, and hybrid effectiveness-implementation studies on prevention and clinical intervention is important strategies for the future in all healthcare sectors.

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  • 30.
    Diarbakerli, Elias
    et al.
    Karolinska Inst, Sweden; Karolinska Univ Hosp, Sweden.
    Thoreson, Olof
    Univ Gothenburg, Sweden; Sahlgrens Univ Hosp, Sweden.
    Björklund, Martin
    Sahlgrens Univ Hosp, Sweden; Umea Univ, Sweden.
    Dahlberg, Leif E.
    Lund Univ, Sweden.
    Englund, Martin
    Lund Univ, Sweden.
    Gerdhem, Paul
    Karolinska Inst, Sweden; Uppsala Univ, Sweden; Uppsala Univ Hosp, Sweden.
    Kvist, Joanna
    Linköping University, Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Division of Prevention, Rehabilitation and Community Medicine. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Linköping University, Center for Medical Image Science and Visualization (CMIV). Karolinska Inst, Sweden.
    Mohaddes, Maziar
    Univ Gothenburg, Sweden; Sahlgrens Univ Hosp, Sweden.
    Peolsson, Anneli
    Linköping University, Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Division of Prevention, Rehabilitation and Community Medicine. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences.
    Rolfson, Ola
    Univ Gothenburg, Sweden; Sahlgrens Univ Hosp, Sweden.
    Öberg, Birgitta
    Uppsala Univ Hosp, Sweden.
    Abbott, Allan
    Linköping University, Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Division of Prevention, Rehabilitation and Community Medicine. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Region Östergötland, Center for Surgery, Orthopaedics and Cancer Treatment, Department of Orthopaedics in Linköping.
    Swedish musculoskeletal researchers view on a collaborative network and future research priorities in Swedish healthcare2024In: Musculoskeletal Care, ISSN 1478-2189, E-ISSN 1557-0681, Vol. 22, no 1Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Background Musculoskeletal disorders (MSK) are a global burden causing significant suffering and economic impact. Systematic identification and targeting of research questions of highest interest for stakeholders can aid in improving MSK disorder knowledge and management. ObjectiveTo obtain Swedish MSK researchers' opinions and views on a collaborative Swedish MSK network (SweMSK) and identify future research areas of importance for Swedish MSK research. Methods A web-based survey was conducted July to September 2021 to collect data from 354 Swedish MSK researchers. The survey focused on the need, objectives, and structure of a SweMSK network and identified prioritised areas for future MSK research. Results The study included 141 respondents, of which 82 were associate professors or professors. The majority (68%) supported the creation of a new musculoskeletal network. The most supported element was increased collaboration regarding nationwide and multicenter studies. Respondents recommended the creation of a homepage and the establishment of national work groups with different specific interests as the primary elements of a new network. Conclusion The results demonstrated a need and desire for increased national research collaboration and the creation of a new musculoskeletal network. The high academic experience and active research participation of the respondents suggest the need for MSK disorder knowledge and management improvement in Sweden. Therefore, the SweMSK network may help facilitate effective collaboration and research efforts that can contribute to the advancement of MSK disorder management and care. This study may provide valuable insights for policymakers, clinicians, and researchers to improve MSK disorder care and management in Sweden.

  • 31.
    Diarberkali, Elias
    et al.
    Department of Clinical Sciences, Intervention and Technology (CLINTEC), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden ; Department of Orthopaedics, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Grauers, Anna
    Department of Clinical Sciences, Intervention and Technology (CLINTEC), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Orthopaedics, Sundsvall and Härnösand County Hospital, Sundsvall, Sweden.
    Möller, Hans
    Department of Clinical Sciences, Intervention and Technology (CLINTEC), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden ; Department of Orthopaedics, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Abbott, Allan
    Linköping University, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Division of Physiotherapy. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Faculty of Health Science and Medicine, Bond University, Gold Coast, Australia.
    Gerdhem, Paul
    Department of Clinical Sciences, Intervention and Technology (CLINTEC), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden ; Department of Orthopaedics, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Adolescents with and without idiopathic scoliosis have similar self-reported level of physical activity: a cross-sectional study2016In: Scoliosis and Spinal Disorders, ISSN 2397-1789, Vol. 11, no 17, p. 1-7Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    BACKGROUND:

    Little is known about physical activity levels in individuals with idiopathic scoliosis. The aim of this study was to describe the level of physical activity in adolescents with and without idiopathic scoliosis.

    METHODS:

    Two hundred thirty-nine adolescents, median (25th, 75th percentile) age 16.0 (14.4, 17.6) with idiopathic scoliosis and 58 randomly recruited population-based individuals without scoliosis aged 14.6 (12.8, 16.3) participated. The 239 idiopathic scoliosis patients consisted of 88 untreated, 43 previously braced, 36 with ongoing brace-treatment and 72 surgically treated individuals. Main outcome measure was the proportion achieving at least moderate activity level, as estimated by the International Physical Activity Questionnaire short form (IPAQ-SF). Other outcome measures were Metabolic Equivalent Task (MET) minutes/week, time spent sitting, spare time activity level and sporting activities. Statistical analyses were adjusted for age and sex.

    RESULTS:

    The proportion of individuals with scoliosis with moderate activity level was 180 out of 239 (75 %) and for individuals without scoliosis 49 out of 58 (85 %) (p = 0.14). Median MET-minutes/week (25th,75th percentile) was for individuals with scoliosis scoliosis 1977 (840,3777) and for individuals without scoliosis 2120 (887,4598) (p = 0.11). Sporting activities did not differ (p = 0.28). The ongoing brace-treatment group had a significantly higher proportion of individuals categorizing themselves at high spare time activity level compared to the surgically treated and previously braced individuals (p = 0.046). No difference was seen between the treatment groups regarding the proportion achieving moderate activity (p = 0.11) and sporting activities (p = 0.20). Median MET minutes/week was 2160 (794,3797) for the untreated group, 989 (661,2706) for the previously braced group, 2055 (1010, 4026) for the surgery group and 2106 (990,4480) for the ongoing brace-treatment group (p = 0.031).

    CONCLUSION:

    Adolescents with idiopathic scoliosis show similar levels of self-reported physical activity as individuals without idiopathic scoliosis. Bracing and surgery do not appear to inhibit physical activity.

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  • 32.
    Dufvenberg, Marlene
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Division of Physiotherapy. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences.
    Adeyemi, Fisayo
    Department of Clinical and Rehabilitation Services, Faculty of Health Science and Medicine, Bond Institute of Health and Sport, Bond University, Robina, Australia.
    Rajendran, Isabelle
    Department of Clinical and Rehabilitation Services, Faculty of Health Science and Medicine, Bond Institute of Health and Sport, Bond University, Robina, Australia.
    Öberg, Birgitta
    Linköping University, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Division of Physiotherapy. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences.
    Abbott, Allan
    Linköping University, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Division of Physiotherapy. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Department of Clinical and Rehabilitation Services, Faculty of Health Science and Medicine, Bond Institute of Health and Sport, Bond University, Robina, Australia.
    Does postural stability differ between adolescents with idiopathic scoliosis and typically developed?: A systematic literature review and meta-analysis2018In: Scoliosis and Spinal Disorders, ISSN 2397-1789, Vol. 13, no 1, article id 19Article, review/survey (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Background

    Postural stability deficits have been proposed to influence the onset and progression of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS). This study aimed to systematically identify, critically evaluate and meta-analyse studies assessing postural stability during unperturbed stance with posturography in AIS compared to typically developed adolescents.

    Methods

    Studies from four electronic databases (PubMed, Scopus, CINAHL, PEDro) were searched and case-control methodological quality assessed using a risk-of-bias assessment tool and a posturography methodological quality checklist. Pooled data regarding centre of pressure (COP) parameters such as sway area, Mediolateral (ML) and Anteroposterior (AP) position and range were compared for AIS and typically developed adolescents using Cohen’s d effect size (ES) and homogeneity estimates.

    Results

    Eighteen studies for quality analysis and 9 of these for meta-analysis were identified from 971 records. Risk-of-bias assessment identified 6 high, 10 moderate and 2 low risk-of-bias studies. The posturography methodological quality checklist identified 4 low, 7 moderate and 7 high-quality studies. Meta-analysis was performed for sway area whereas ML and AP are presented in three different meta-analyses due to divergent measurement units used in the studies: ML position 1 (MLP1), ML position 2 (MLP2) and ML range (MLR); AP position 1 (APP1), AP position 2 (APP2) and AP range (APR). Cohen’s d showed a medium ES difference in sway area 0.65, 95% CI (0.49–0.63), whereas ML showed no (MLP1, MLP2) and large (MLR) ES differences; MLP1 0.15, 95% CI (0.08–0.22); MLP2 0.14, 95% CI (0.08–0.19); and MLR 0.94, 95% CI (0.83–1.04). Cohen’s d for AP showed small ES (APP1) and large ES difference (APP2 and APR); APP1 0.43, 95% CI (0.31–0.54); APP2 0.85, 95% CI (0.72–0.97); and APR 0.98, 95% CI (0.87–1.09). Cochran’s Q and Higgins I2 showed homogeneity between studies.

    Conclusions

    There is moderate quality evidence for decreased postural stability in AIS measured as COP parameters sway area, ML and AP range with a positional shift posteriorly in the sagittal plane. The findings support studying postural stability in early stage AIS and also prospectively identify cause and effect of the curvature as well as effectiveness of postural control interventions in the prevention of scoliosis progression.

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  • 33.
    Dufvenberg, Marlene
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Division of Prevention, Rehabilitation and Community Medicine. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences.
    Diarbakerli, Elias
    Karolinska Inst, Sweden; Karolinska Univ Hosp Huddinge, Sweden.
    Charalampidis, Anastasios
    Karolinska Inst, Sweden; Karolinska Univ Hosp Huddinge, Sweden.
    Öberg, Birgitta
    Linköping University, Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Division of Prevention, Rehabilitation and Community Medicine. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences.
    Tropp, Hans
    Linköping University, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Division of Surgery, Orthopedics and Oncology. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Region Östergötland, Center for Surgery, Orthopaedics and Cancer Treatment, Department of Orthopaedics in Linköping. Linköping University, Center for Medical Image Science and Visualization (CMIV).
    Ahl, Anna Aspberg
    Ryhov Cty Hosp, Sweden.
    Moller, Hans
    Karolinska Inst, Sweden; Stockholm Ctr Spine Surg, Sweden.
    Gerdhem, Paul
    Karolinska Inst, Sweden; Karolinska Univ Hosp Huddinge, Sweden.
    Abbott, Allan
    Linköping University, Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Division of Prevention, Rehabilitation and Community Medicine. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Region Östergötland, Center for Surgery, Orthopaedics and Cancer Treatment, Department of Orthopaedics in Linköping.
    Correction: Dufvenberg et al. Six-Month Results on Treatment Adherence, Physical Activity, Spinal Appearance, Spinal Deformity, and Quality of Life in an Ongoing Randomised Trial on Conservative Treatment for Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis (vol <i>10</i>, 4967, 2021)2023In: Journal of Clinical Medicine, E-ISSN 2077-0383, Vol. 12, no 22, article id 7079Article in journal (Other academic)
  • 34.
    Dufvenberg, Marlene
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Division of Prevention, Rehabilitation and Community Medicine. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences.
    Diarbakerli, Elias
    Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology (CLINTEC), Division of Orthopaedics and Biotechnology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Reconstructive Orthopaedics, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Charalampidis, Anastasios
    Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology (CLINTEC), Division of Orthopaedics and Biotechnology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Reconstructive Orthopaedics, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Öberg, Birgitta
    Linköping University, Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Division of Prevention, Rehabilitation and Community Medicine. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences.
    Tropp, Hans
    Linköping University, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Division of Surgery, Orthopedics and Oncology. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Linköping University, Center for Medical Image Science and Visualization (CMIV). Region Östergötland, Center for Surgery, Orthopaedics and Cancer Treatment, Department of Orthopaedics in Linköping.
    Aspberg Ahl, Anna
    Department of Orthopaedics, Ryhov County Hospital, Jönköping, Sweden.
    Möller, Hans
    Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology (CLINTEC), Division of Orthopaedics and Biotechnology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Stockholm Center for Spine Surgery, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Gerdhem, Paul
    Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology (CLINTEC), Division of Orthopaedics and Biotechnology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden 3 Department of Reconstructive Orthopaedics, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Abbott, Allan
    Linköping University, Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Division of Prevention, Rehabilitation and Community Medicine. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Region Östergötland, Center for Surgery, Orthopaedics and Cancer Treatment, Department of Orthopaedics in Linköping.
    Six-Month Results on Treatment Adherence, Physical Activity, Spinal Appearance, Spinal Deformity, and Quality of Life in an Ongoing Randomised Trial on Conservative Treatment for Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis (CONTRAIS)2021In: Journal of Clinical Medicine, E-ISSN 2077-0383, Vol. 10, no 21, article id 4967Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Adolescents with idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) often receive conservative treatments aiming to prevent progression of the spinal deformity during puberty. This study aimed to explore patient adherence and secondary outcomes during the first 6 months in an ongoing randomised controlled trial of three treatment interventions. Interventions consisted of physical activity combined with either hypercorrective Boston scoliosis night brace (NB), scoliosis-specific exercise (SSE), or physical activity alone (PA). Measures at baseline and 6 months included angle of trunk rotation (ATR), Cobb angle, International Physical Activity Questionnaire short form (IPAQ-SF), pictorial Spinal Appearance Questionnaire (pSAQ), Scoliosis Research Society (SRS-22r), EuroQol 5-Dimensions Youth (EQ-5D-Y) and Visual Analogue Scale (EQ-VAS). Patient adherence, motivation, and capability in performing the intervention were reported at 6 months. The study included 135 patients (111 females) with AIS and >1-year estimated remaining growth, mean age 12.7 (1.4) years, and mean Cobb angle 31 (±5.3). At 6 months, the proportion of patients in the groups reporting high to very high adherence ranged between 72 and 95%, while motivation ranged between 65 and 92%, with the highest proportion seen in the NB group (p = 0.014, p= 0.002). IPAQ-SF displayed significant between group main effects regarding moderate activity (F = 5.7; p = 0.004; ηp2 = 0.10), with a medium-sized increase favouring the SSE group compared to NB. Walking showed significant between group main effects, as did metabolic equivalent (MET-min/week), with medium (F = 6.8, p = 0.002; ηp2 = 0.11, and large (F = 8.3, p = < 0.001, ηp2 = 0.14) increases, respectively, for the SSE and PA groups compared to NB. From baseline to 6 months, ATR showed significant between group medium-sized main effects (F = 1.2, p = 0.019, ηp2 = 0.007) favouring the NB group compared to PA, but not reaching a clinically relevant level. In conclusion, patients reported high adherence and motivation to treatment, especially in the NB group. Patients in the SSE and PA groups increased their physical activity levels without other clinically relevant differences between groups in other clinical measures or patient-reported outcomes. The results suggest that the prescribed treatments are viable first-step options during the first 6 months.

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  • 35.
    Enthoven, Paul
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Division of Prevention, Rehabilitation and Community Medicine. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences.
    Eddeborn, Fredrik
    Linköping University, Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Division of Prevention, Rehabilitation and Community Medicine. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Region Östergötland, Local Health Care Services in West Östergötland, Department of Rehabilitation in Motala.
    Abbott, Allan
    Linköping University, Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Division of Prevention, Rehabilitation and Community Medicine. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Region Östergötland, Center for Surgery, Orthopaedics and Cancer Treatment, Department of Orthopaedics in Linköping.
    Schröder, Karin
    Linköping University, Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Division of Prevention, Rehabilitation and Community Medicine. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences.
    Fors, Maria
    Linköping University, Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Division of Prevention, Rehabilitation and Community Medicine. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Region Östergötland, Local Health Care Services in Central Östergötland, Department of Activity and Health.
    Öberg, Birgitta
    Linköping University, Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Division of Prevention, Rehabilitation and Community Medicine. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences.
    Patients experiences of the BetterBack model of care for low back pain in primary care: a qualitative interview study2021In: International Journal of Qualitative Studies on Health and Well-being, ISSN 1748-2623, E-ISSN 1748-2631, Vol. 16, no 1, article id 1861719Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Purpose: The aim of this study was to describe patient experiences of received primary care for low back pain (LBP) according to the BetterBack Model of Care (MoC) with a focus on illness beliefs and self-management enablement. Methods: Individual interviews were conducted with 15 adults 4-14 months after receiving treatment according to the BetterBack MoC for LBP in primary care in Sweden. Data were analysed using content analysis. Results: When analysing the data, the following theme emerged; "Participant understanding of their treatment for low back pain and self-management strategies-a matter of support systems", comprising the following categories: "Knowledge translation", "Interaction and dialogue", "The health care professional support" and "Form organization". Participants experienced that they had better knowledge about their LBP and received tools to better manage their health condition. The participants expressed good communication with the treating physiotherapist and provided suggestions to further improve the treatment of LBP. Conclusions: Participants experienced that they had gained new knowledge about their health problems and after the treatment they had the tools to handle their back problems. This suggests that the BetterBack MoC may be used as a basis for a support system to provide valuable tools for self-management for patients with low back pain.

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  • 36.
    Enthoven, Paul
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Division of Prevention, Rehabilitation and Community Medicine. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences.
    Menning, Linnea
    Linköping University, Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Division of Prevention, Rehabilitation and Community Medicine. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Region Östergötland, Anaesthetics, Operations and Specialty Surgery Center, Department of Rehabilitation Medicine.
    Öberg, Birgitta
    Linköping University, Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Division of Prevention, Rehabilitation and Community Medicine. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences.
    Schröder, Karin
    Linköping University, Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Division of Prevention, Rehabilitation and Community Medicine. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences.
    Fors, Maria
    Linköping University, Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Division of Prevention, Rehabilitation and Community Medicine. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Region Östergötland, Local Health Care Services in Central Östergötland, Department of Activity and Health.
    Lindbäck, Yvonne
    Linköping University, Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Division of Prevention, Rehabilitation and Community Medicine. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences.
    Abbott, Allan
    Linköping University, Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Division of Prevention, Rehabilitation and Community Medicine. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Region Östergötland, Center for Surgery, Orthopaedics and Cancer Treatment, Department of Orthopaedics in Linköping.
    Physiotherapists' experiences of implementation of the BetterBack model of care for low back pain in primary care - a focus group interview study2024In: Physiotherapy Theory and Practice, ISSN 0959-3985, E-ISSN 1532-5040Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Introduction: The BetterBack model of care (MoC), a best practice physiotherapy MoC for low back pain (LBP), was implemented in Swedish primary care to improve management of patients with LBP and provide patients with support tools to better self-manage episodes of LBP.Purpose: The objective was to describe how physiotherapists in primary care experienced the implementation of the BetterBack MoC for LBP.MethodsFocus group interviews were conducted with physiotherapists in 2018-2019, 14-18 months after the introduction of the BetterBack MoC. Data were analyzed using qualitative content analysis.Results: Five focus group interviews with 23 (15 female and 8 male) physiotherapists, age range 24-61 years were analyzed. A supportive organization and adaptation to the local culture, combined with health care professionals' attitudes and collaboration between physiotherapists emerged as important factors for a successful implementation and for long-term sustainability of the MoC. Physiotherapists had differing opinions if the implementation led to change in clinical practice. Improved confidence in how to manage patients with LBP was expressed by physiotherapists.Conclusions: Several barriers and facilitators influence the implementation of a best practice physiotherapy MoC for LBP in primary care, which need to be considered in future implementation and sustainability processes.

  • 37.
    Eyles, J.P.
    et al.
    Univ. of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.
    Bowden, J.L.
    Univ. of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.
    Abbott, A.
    Linköping University, Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Division of Prevention, Rehabilitation and Community Medicine. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences.
    Abbott, J.
    Univ. of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.
    Bierma-Zeinstra, S.
    Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands.
    Dahlberg, L.
    Lund Univ., Lund, Sweden.
    Dziedzic, K.
    Keele Univ., Keele, United Kingdom.
    van der Esch, M.
    Univ. of Applied Sci., Amsterdam, Netherlands.
    Holden, M.
    Keele Univ., Keele, United Kingdom.
    Healey, E.
    Keele Univ., Keele, United Kingdom.
    Holm, I.
    Oslo Univ. Hosp., Oslo, Norway.
    Hurley, M.
    Univ. of London and Kingston Univ., London, United Kingdom.
    Hutyra, C.
    Duke Univ., Durham, NC.
    Jiranek, W.
    Duke Univ., Durham, NC.
    Lentz, T.
    Duke Univ., Durham, NC.
    Svensson, G.L.
    Univ. of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Lohmander, S.
    Lund Univ., Lund, Sweden.
    Malay, M.
    Duke Univ., Durham, NC.
    Mather, R.
    Duke Univ., Durham, NC.
    van Middelkoop, M.
    Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands.
    Miller, K.
    Gen. Internal Med. Facility, Madison, WI.
    Miller, K.
    Gen. Internal Med. Faculty, Madison, WI.
    Moseng, T.
    Oslo Univ., Oslo, Norway.
    Nero, H.
    Lund Univ., Lund, Sweden.
    O'Connell, R.
    Univ. of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.
    Østerås, N.
    Oslo Univ., Oslo, Norway.
    Risberg, M.
    Oslo Univ. Hosp., Oslo, Norway.
    Tan, B.
    Natl. Hlth.care Group, Singapore, Singapore.
    Venkatesha, V.
    Northern Sydney Local Hlth.District, Sydney, Australia.
    Hunter, D.
    Univ. of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.
    Clinical Outcomes Of Osteoarthritis Management Programs: A Project Of The Oa Trial Bank And Oarsi Joint Effort Initiative Using Individual Participant Data2023In: Osteoarthritis and Cartilage, ISSN 1063-4584, E-ISSN 1522-9653, Vol. 31, p. S385-S386Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Purpose: People living with osteoarthritis (OA) often do not receive best evidence care. Coordinated OA management programs (OAMPs) have been implemented to address this global evidence-practice gap. An OAMP is defined as a package of care with the following: i) a personalized management plan; ii) with reassessment and progression; iii) using a minimum of 2 core treatments (education, exercise, weight control), and; iv) optional adjunctive therapies. Existing OAMP models differ in treatment mode, intensity, duration, the health professionals delivering care, and the healthcare systems and settings they operate within. Randomized trials (RCTs) and cohort studies assess the outcomes of different OAMPs, however, these models are unlikely to ever be compared in RCTs due to the huge expense and complicated logistics required. Prognosis research provides another method of comparing outcomes of different OAMP models. This study aimed to estimate the pain and self-reported function outcomes (at 12-, 26- and 52-weeks) of people with hip and/or knee OA who participated in international OAMPs. It also aimed to describe the characteristics of OAMP participants.

    Methods: This study was undertaken by members of the OARSI Joint Effort Initiative (JEI), in collaboration with the OA Trial Bank (Erasmus MC, Netherlands). RCTs and clinical cohorts assessing OAMPs were identified through the JEI membership and literature searches. Eligible studies included data from an ongoing OAMP, in any real-world setting, with participants who were diagnosed with hip or knee OA, and longitudinal measures of patient-reported pain and function. The investigators of eligible studies were invited to complete data delivery agreements with the OA Trial Bank, share individual participant data (IPD), contribute to study design and authorship. Investigators ensured they had local ethics review board approval to contribute IPD to the OA Trial bank. Each dataset was converted to a common format to enable merging into one dataset. The IPD were evaluated to convert pain and function variables to standardized scales as appropriate. Pain scores were converted to a 0-100 point scale (100 worst). Function scores were converted to a 0-100 point scale (100 best). A generalized estimating equations (GEE) model analysis was performed to assess the change in pain and function from baseline across weeks 12, 26, and 52. The model specification was based on an unstructured correlation structure and robust standard errors. Pain and function estimates were adjusted by age, sex and body mass index (BMI). Data analyses were carried out using Stata 15 (StataCorp 2015) and SPSS 17.

    Results: The investigators of 13 international OAMPs were invited to take part. IPD from 9 OAMPs were delivered: the OA Chronic Care Program, Ramsay Health OA Management Program, Joint Health Program, University of Wisconsin Health Knee and Hip Comprehensive Non-Surgical OA Management Clinic, Improved Management of Patients With Hip and Knee OA in Primary Health Care, Joint Academy, Amsterdam OA cohort, Management of OA In Consultations, and Collaborative model of care between Orthopaedics and allied healthcare professionals in knee OA. The characteristics of the OAMPs are summarised in table 1. The OAMPs were conducted in-person except for the Joint Academy that was implemented as an online OAMP. Individual participant data from 9819 participants were analyzed. The cohort studies were missing large amounts of data, as expected in clinical practice. The characteristics of OAMP participants are summarised in Table 2. The majority of OAMP participants reported the knee as their index joint, their mean age ranged between 62- 67 years, 58-74% were female, 25-48% were working and mean BMI indicated they were overweight at baseline. Pain was most commonly assessed using a Numeric Rating Scale or validated questionnaires e.g. the Knee Injury and OA Outcome Scale (KOOS). Function was mostly assessed using validated questionnaires such as the KOOS. The pain and fuction measured in the original datasets are reported in Table 1. The changes in pain and function of the OAMP participants from baseline across weeks 12, 26, and 52 are summarised in Table 3. There were reductions in pain scores and improvements in function scores seen across all programs at the majority of timepoints.

    Conclusions: We established the first data bank of IPD from different international OAMPs. Analysis of the IPD demonstrated modest improvements in pain and function across the programs at all timepoints. The most rapid improvements were made by week-12, however, these gains were maintained at week-52. In future work this project will use IPD meta-analysis to identify prognostic factors of people with OA who participate in OAMPs.

  • 38.
    Folmli, Brookes
    et al.
    Faculty of Health Science and Medicine, Bond University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia.
    Turman, Bulent
    Faculty of Health Science and Medicine, Bond University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia.
    Johnson, Peter
    Faculty of Health Science and Medicine, Bond University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia.
    Abbott, Allan
    Linköping University, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Division of Physiotherapy. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Faculty of Health Science and Medicine, Bond University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia.
    Dose-response of somatosensory cortex repeated anodal transcranial direct current stimulation on vibrotactile detection: A randomized sham controlled trial2018In: Journal of Neurophysiology, ISSN 0022-3077, E-ISSN 1522-1598Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    This randomized sham-controlled trial investigated anodal transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) over the somatosensory cortex contralateral to hand dominance for dose-response (1mA-20 minutes x 5 days) effects on vibrotactile detection thresholds (VDT). VDT was measured before and after tDCS on days 1,3&5 for low (30hz) and high (200hz) frequency vibrations on the dominant and non-dominant hands in 29 healthy adults (mean age = 22.86; 15 males, 14 females). Only the dominant hand 200Hz VDT displayed statistically significant medium effect size improvement for mixed model analysis of variance time x group interaction for active tDCS compared to sham. Post Hoc contrasts were statistically significant for dominant hand 200Hz VDT on day 5 after tDCS compared to day 1 before tDCS , day 1 after tDCS and day 3 before tDCS. There was a linear dose-response improvement with dominant hand 200Hz VDT mean difference decreasing from day 1 before tDCS peaking at -15.5% (SD=34.9%) on day 5 after tDCS. Both groups showed learning effect trends over time for all VDT test conditions but only the non-dominant hand 30Hz VDT was statistically significant (p=0.03) though Post Hoc contrasts were non-significant after Sidak adjustment. No adverse effects for tDCS were reported. In conclusion, anodal tDCS 1mA-20 minutes x 5 days on the dominant sensory cortex can modulate a linear improvement of dominant hand high frequency VDT but not for low frequency or non-dominant hand VDT.

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  • 39.
    Fors, Maria
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Division of Physiotherapy. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences.
    Abbott, Allan
    Linköping University, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Division of Physiotherapy. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Region Östergötland, Center for Surgery, Orthopaedics and Cancer Treatment, Department of Orthopaedics in Linköping.
    Enthoven, Paul
    Linköping University, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Division of Physiotherapy. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences.
    Öberg, Birgitta
    Linköping University, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Division of Physiotherapy. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences.
    Effects of pre-surgery physiotherapy on walking ability and lower extremity strength in patients with degenerative lumbar spine disorder: Secondary outcomes of the PREPARE randomised controlled trial2019In: BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders, E-ISSN 1471-2474, Vol. 20, no 1, p. 1article id 468Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Background

    Degenerative lumbar spine disorders are common among musculoskeletal disorders. When disabling pain and radiculopathy persists after adequate course of rehabilitation and imaging confirms compressive pathology, surgical decompression is indicated. Prehabilitation aiming to augment functional capacity pre-surgery may improve physical function and activity levels pre and post-surgery. This study aims to evaluate the effect and dose-response of pre-surgery physiotherapy on quadriceps femoris strength and walking ability in patients with degenerative lumbar spine disorders compared to waiting-list controls and their association with postoperative physical activity level.

    Method

    In this single blinded, 2-arm randomised controlled trial, 197 patients were consecutively recruited. Inclusion criteria were: MRI confirmed diagnosis and scheduled for surgery due to disc herniation, lumbar spinal stenosis, degenerative disc disease or spondylolisthesis, ages 25-80 years. Patients were randomised to 9 weeks of pre-surgery physiotherapy or to waiting-list. Patient reported physical activity level, walking ability according to Oswestry Disability Index item 4, walking distance according to the SWESPINE national register and physical outcome measures including the timed ten-meter walk test, maximum voluntary isometric quadriceps femoris muscle strength, patient-rated were collected at baseline and follow-up. Parametric or non-parametric within and between group comparisons as well as multivariate regression was performed.

    Results

    Patients who received pre-surgery physiotherapy significantly improved in all variables from baseline to follow-up (p < 0.001 – p < 0.05) and in comparison to waiting-list controls (p < 0.001 – p < 0.028). Patients adhering to ≥12 treatment sessions significantly improved in all variables (p < 0.001 – p < 0.032) and those receiving 0-11 treatment session in only normal walking speed (p0.035) but there were no significant differences when comparing dosages. Physical outcome measures after pre-surgery physiotherapy together significantly explain 27.5% of the variation in physical activity level 1 year after surgery with pre-surgery physical activity level having a significant multivariate association.

    Conclusion

    Pre-surgery physiotherapy increased walking ability and lower extremity strength in patients with degenerative lumbar spine disorders compared to waiting-list controls. A clear treatment dose-response response relationship was not found. These results implicate that pre-surgery physiotherapy can influence functional capacity before surgical treatment and has moderate associations with maintained postoperative physical activity levels mostly explained by physical activity level pre-surgery.

    Trial registration

    NCT02454400. Trial registration date: August 31st 2015, retrospectively registered.

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  • 40.
    Fors, Maria
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Division of Prevention, Rehabilitation and Community Medicine. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Region Östergötland, Local Health Care Services in Central Östergötland, Department of Activity and Health.
    Öberg, Birgitta
    Linköping University, Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Division of Prevention, Rehabilitation and Community Medicine. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences.
    Enthoven, Paul
    Linköping University, Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Division of Prevention, Rehabilitation and Community Medicine. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences.
    Schröder, Karin
    Linköping University, Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Division of Prevention, Rehabilitation and Community Medicine. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences.
    Abbott, Allan
    Linköping University, Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Division of Prevention, Rehabilitation and Community Medicine. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Region Östergötland, Center for Surgery, Orthopaedics and Cancer Treatment, Department of Orthopaedics in Linköping.
    The association between patients' illness perceptions and longitudinal clinical outcome in patients with low back pain2022In: PAIN Reports, ISSN 2471-2531, Vol. 7, no 3, article id e1004Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Introduction: Illness perception is suggested to influence outcome in patients with low back pain (LBP). It is unknown if specific illness perceptions are of more importance for longitudinal outcomes, including development of self-management strategies.

    Objectives: This study explores whether patients' initial illness perceptions were associated with disability, pain, health-related quality of life, and self-care enablement outcomes in patients with LBP after 3 and 12 months.

    Methods: Four hundred sixty-seven consecutive patients seeking physiotherapeutic primary care for LBP were eligible to participate in this prospective cohort study, providing data at baseline and after 3 and 12 months (mean age 45 years, 56% women). Multiple linear regression analysis was used to explore whether patients' illness perceptions at baseline were associated with outcome in the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), Numeric Rating Scale–LBP (NRS-LBP), EuroQol Five Dimensions, and Patient Enablement Instrument (PEI).

    Results: Stronger beliefs that the back problem will last a long time at baseline were associated with worse outcome in ODI, NRS-LBP, and PEI at 3 and 12 months and in EuroQol Five Dimensions at 12 months. Negative beliefs regarding treatment's ability to improve LBP were associated with worse outcome in NRS-LBP and PEI at 3 and 12 months and in ODI at 12 months.

    Conclusions: Illness perceptions regarding prognosis and treatment's ability to improve symptoms were the most prominent perceptions explaining several longitudinal clinical outcomes. These expectations should be addressed in an early stage in the delivery of interventions for LBP. These expectations were also important for patients' development of coping and self-management strategies.

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  • 41.
    Fors, Maria
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Division of Prevention, Rehabilitation and Community Medicine. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Region Östergötland, Local Health Care Services in Central Östergötland, Department of Activity and Health.
    Öberg, Birgitta
    Linköping University, Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Division of Prevention, Rehabilitation and Community Medicine. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences.
    Enthoven, Paul
    Linköping University, Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Division of Prevention, Rehabilitation and Community Medicine. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences.
    Schröder, Karin
    Linköping University, Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Division of Prevention, Rehabilitation and Community Medicine. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences.
    Hesser, Hugo
    Linköping University, Department of Behavioural Sciences and Learning, Psychology. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Region Östergötland, Anaesthetics, Operations and Specialty Surgery Center, Department of Otorhinolaryngology. Orebro Univ, Sweden.
    Hedevik, Henrik
    Linköping University, Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Division of Prevention, Rehabilitation and Community Medicine. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences.
    Abbott, Allan
    Linköping University, Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Division of Prevention, Rehabilitation and Community Medicine. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Region Östergötland, Center for Surgery, Orthopaedics and Cancer Treatment, Department of Orthopaedics in Linköping.
    Are illness perceptions and patient self-care enablement mediators of treatment effect in best practice physiotherapy low back pain care? Secondary mediation analyses in the BetterBack trial2023In: Physiotherapy Theory and Practice, ISSN 0959-3985, E-ISSN 1532-5040, article id 2210676Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Introduction: A best practice physiotherapy model of care (BetterBack MoC) for low back pain (LBP) aimed to improve patients illness perceptions and self-care enablement, according to the Common-Sense Model of Self-Regulation (CSM). Objective: To confirm if illness perceptions and patient self-care enablement, in line with the CSM, are mediators of treatment effects on disability and pain of the BetterBack MoC for patients with LBP compared to routine primary care. A secondary aim was to explore if illness perceptions and patient self-care enablement are mediators of guideline adherent care. Methods: Pre-planned single mediation analyses tested whether hypothesized mediators at 3 months mediated the treatment effect of the MoC (n = 264) compared to routine care (n = 203) on disability and pain at 6 months. Secondary mediation analyses compared guideline adherent care with non-adherent care. Results: No indirect effects were identified. The BetterBack intervention did not have superior effects over routine care on the hypothesized mediators. Illness perceptions and self-care enablement were significantly associated with disability and pain at 6 months. Secondary analyses showed significant indirect effects of guideline adherent care through tested mediators. Conclusion: Despite no indirect effects, patients illness perceptions and self-care enablement were associated with disability and back pain intensity outcomes and are potentially relevant treatment targets.

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  • 42.
    Fors, Maria
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Division of Prevention, Rehabilitation and Community Medicine. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Region Östergötland, Local Health Care Services in Central Östergötland, Department of Activity and Health.
    Öberg, Birgitta
    Linköping University, Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Division of Prevention, Rehabilitation and Community Medicine. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences.
    Lindbäck, Yvonne
    Linköping University, Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Division of Prevention, Rehabilitation and Community Medicine. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences.
    Enthoven, Paul
    Linköping University, Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Division of Prevention, Rehabilitation and Community Medicine. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences.
    Abbott, Allan
    Linköping University, Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Division of Prevention, Rehabilitation and Community Medicine. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Region Östergötland, Center for Surgery, Orthopaedics and Cancer Treatment, Department of Orthopaedics in Linköping.
    What mediates treatment effects in a pre-surgery physiotherapy treatment in surgical candidates with degenerative lumbar spine disorders?: A mediation and conditional process analysis of the PREPARE randomized controlled trial2021In: The Clinical Journal of Pain, ISSN 0749-8047, E-ISSN 1536-5409, Vol. 3, p. 168-176Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Objectives: Treatment guidelines recommend targeting both physical and psychological factors in interventions for degenerative lumbar spine disorders. Studying treatment mechanisms gives information on key factors explaining outcome improvement which can refine treatments for future research. This study explores treatment mediators in a physiotherapy treatment on disability, pain intensity and health related quality of life (HRQoL) in surgical candidates with degenerative lumbar spine disorders compared to waiting-list controls. An additional aim was to evaluate patients´ expectation as a moderator of treatment outcome.

    Methods: Data collected from 197 patients in a single blinded randomized controlled trial comparing 9 weeks of multifaceted physiotherapy to waiting-list were used in this conditional process analysis. Analysis was carried out on group differences for change in Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), Pain Visual Analog Scale (VAS) back pain, EuroQol-5D (EQ-5D) and EQ-VAS. The putative moderation role of expectations and mediation role of change in physical variables and psychosocial variables were tested.

    Results: Change in self-efficacy mediated improvement in all outcomes. Improvement in ODI was also mediated by change in depression, VAS was mediated by change in fear avoidance beliefs and EQ-VAS was mediated by change in activity level and fear avoidance beliefs. Improvements were moderated by patients´ treatment expectations.

    Discussion: Self-efficacy, fear avoidance beliefs, physical activity level and patients´ treatment expectations were found to be important factors explaining treatment effects. Self-efficacy was the consistent mediator for effects of the pre-surgical physiotherapy on disability, back pain intensity and HRQoL.

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  • 43.
    Furness, James
    et al.
    Bond University. Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia.
    Climstein, Mike
    Bond University. Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia; The University of Sydney, Lidcombe, NSW, Australia.
    Sheppard, Jeremy M
    Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Australia; Hurley Surfing Australia High Performance Centre, Casuarina Beach, Australia.
    Abbott, Allan
    Linköping University, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Division of Physiotherapy. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Bond University. Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia.
    Hing, Wayne
    Bond University. Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia.
    Clinical methods to quantify trunk mobility in an elite male surfing population2016In: Physical Therapy in Sport, ISSN 1466-853X, E-ISSN 1873-1600, Vol. 19, p. 28-35Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Background

    High numbers of acute shoulder and chronic lumbar injuries have been identified in a surfing population. A simple screening tool could be used to determine whether thoracic spine dysfunction is a possible contributor to shoulder or lumbar injuries. Importantly, thoracic mobility in the sagittal and horizontal planes are key requirements in the sport of surfing; however to date the normal values of these movements have not yet been quantified in a surfing population.

    Objectives

    To develop a reliable method to quantify thoracic mobility in the sagittal plane; to assess the reliability of a thoracic rotation method, and quantify thoracic mobility in an elite male surfing population.

    Design

    Clinical Measurement, reliability (repeated measures) and comparative study. Methods: 27 subjects were used to determine the reliability of a new method to assess thoracic mobility in the sagittal plane and 30 subjects were used to confirm the reliability of an existing thoracic rotation method. A total of 15 elite surfers were used as part of a comparative analysis with age and gender matched controls. Results: Intra-rater reliability (within and between session) intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) values ranged between 0.95 - 0.99 for both thoracic methods in the sagittal plane and between 0.95 – 0.98 for the rotation method. There was no significant difference in the amount of thoracic mobility in the sagittal plane between groups; however the elite surfing group had significantly (p ≤ 0.05) greater rotation than the comparative group (mean rotation 63.57° versus 40.80° respectively). Symmetry was also confirmed between left and right thoracic rotation in the elite surfing group (63.06 versus 64.01). Conclusion: This study has illustrated reliable methods to assess the thoracic spine in the sagittal and horizontal planes. It has also quantified ROM in a surfing cohort; identifying thoracic rotation as a key movement. This information may provide clinicians, coaches and athletic trainers with imperative information regarding the importance of maintaining adequate thoracic rotation and symmetry. From a screening perspective thoracic rotation should be assessed for performance purposes and to limit the potential for injury in the thoracic spine or in surrounding regions.

  • 44.
    Furness, James
    et al.
    Bond University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia.
    Hing, Wanyne A.
    Bond University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia.
    Abbott, Allan
    Linköping University, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Division of Physiotherapy. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Bond University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia.
    Walsh, Joe
    Bond University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia.
    Sheppard, Jeremy M.
    Hurley Surfing Australia High Performance Centre.
    Climstein, Mike
    Retrospective analysis of chronic injuries in recreational and competitive surfers: injury, location, type and mechanism2014In: International Journal of Aquatic Research and Education, ISSN 1932-9997, E-ISSN 1932-9253, Vol. 8, no 3, p. 277-287Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Only two studies have reported on chronic musculoskeletal surfing injuries. They found over half of the injuries were non-musculoskeletal, but did not consider mechanisms of injury. This study identified the location, type, and mechanisms of chronic injury in Australian recreational and competitive surfers using a cross-sectional retrospective observational design. A total of 1,348 participants (91.3% males, 43.1% competitive surfers) reported 1,068 chronic injuries, 883 of which were classified as major. Lower back (23.2%), shoulder (22.4%), and knee (12.1%) regions had the most chronic injuries. Competitive surfers had significantly (p < .05) more lower back, ankle/foot, and head/face injuries than recreational surfers. Injuries were mostly musculoskeletal with only 7.8% being of non-musculoskeletal origin. Prolonged paddling was the highest frequency (21.1%) for mechanism of injury followed by turning maneuvers (14.8%). The study results contribute to the limited research on chronic surfing injuries.

  • 45.
    Furness, James
    et al.
    Water Based Research Unit, Bond Institute of Health and Sport, Bond University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia.
    Hing, Wayne
    Water Based Research Unit, Bond Institute of Health and Sport, Bond University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia.
    Walsh, Joe
    Medical Health and Fitness Clinic, Five Dock, Sydney, NSW, Australia ; Charles Darwin University, Darwin, NT, Australia .
    Abbott, Allan
    Water Based Research Unit, Bond Institute of Health and Sport, Bond University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia .
    Sheppard, Jeremy M
    Centre for Exercise and Sport Science Research, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Australia .
    Climstein, Mike
    Water Based Research Unit, Bond Institute of Health and Sport, Bond University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia .
    Acute Injuries in Recreational and Competitive Surfers: Incidence, Severity, Location, Type, and Mechanism2015In: American Journal of Sports Medicine, ISSN 0363-5465, E-ISSN 1552-3365, Vol. 43, no 5, p. 1246-1254Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    BACKGROUND:

    There are an estimated 37 million surfers worldwide, with 2.5 million recreational surfers in Australia. The recreational activity and sport of surfing has grown dramatically since the 1960s, but scientific research has been poorly mirrored in comparison with most other mainstream sports.

    PURPOSE:

    To identify the incidence, severity, location, type, and mechanism of acute injuries in recreational and competitive surfers over a 12-month period.

    STUDY DESIGN:

    Descriptive epidemiology study.

    METHODS:

    An online survey using an open-source survey application was utilized. The survey consisted of 2 primary sections: Section 1 included demographic information and participation levels (age, height, weight, hours surfed, competitive level); section 2 incorporated injury type, mechanism, severity, and injury management.

    RESULTS:

    A total of 1348 participants (91.3% males; 43.1% competitive surfers) were included in data analysis. A total of 512 acute injuries were classified as major, providing an incidence proportion of 0.38 (CI, 0.35-0.41) acute injuries per year. The incidence rate was calculated to be 1.79 (CI, 1.67-1.92) major injuries per 1000 hours of surfing. The shoulder, ankle, and head/face regions had the highest frequencies of acute injury, representing 16.4%, 14.6%, and 13.3%, respectively. Injuries were predominantly of muscular, joint, and skin origin, representing 30.3%, 27.7%, and 18.9%, respectively. Skin injuries were primarily a result of direct trauma, while joint and muscular injuries were mainly a result of maneuvers performed and repetitive actions. Key risk factors that increased the incidence of sustaining an acute injury included competitive status, hours surfed (>6.5 hours/week), and the ability to perform aerial maneuvers. The incidence proportion for surfers completing aerial maneuvers was calculated to be 0.48 (CI, 0.39-0.58) major injuries per year, this being the highest incidence proportion irrespective of competitive status.

    CONCLUSION:

    This is the largest surfing-specific survey that included both recreational and competitive surfers conducted in Australia to date. The shoulder, ankle, head, and face were identified as the key regions where acute injuries occur in surfers. This research may aid in reducing the occurrence of injury through musculoskeletal screening in these key injury-prone regions and through the use of sport-specific strength training and conditioning.

  • 46.
    Furness, James
    et al.
    Bond Institute of Health and Sport, Bond University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia.
    Johnstone, Scott
    Bond Institute of Health and Sport, Bond University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia.
    Hing, Wayne
    Bond Institute of Health and Sport, Bond University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia.
    Abbott, Allan
    Bond Institute of Health and Sport, Bond University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia.
    Climstein, Mike
    Bond Institute of Health and Sport, Bond University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia.
    Assessment of shoulder acitve range of motion in prone versus supine: a reliability and concurrent validity study2015In: Physiotherapy Theory and Practice, ISSN 0959-3985, E-ISSN 1532-5040, Vol. 31, no 7, p. 489-495Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Background: As swimming and surfing are prone dominant sports, it would be more sport specific to assess shoulder active range of motion in this position. Objectives: To determine the reliability of the inclinometer and HALO© for assessing shoulder active range of motion in supine and prone and the concurrent validity of the HALO©. Concurrent validity is based on the comparison of the HALO© and inclinometer. To determine if active range of motion (AROM) differences exists between prone and supine when assessing shoulder internal (IR) and external rotation (ER). Design: The design included clinical measurement, reliability and validity. Methods: Thirty shoulders (mean age = 26.8 years) without pathology were evaluated. Measurements were taken in supine and prone with both an inclinometer and HALO© device. Results: Active ER ROM in prone was significantly higher than in supine when using both devices. Intra-rater reliability (within and between session) intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) values ranged between 0.82–0.99 for both devices in supine and prone. An ICC test revealed a significant (p < 0.01) correlation for both devices in IR and ER movements (ICC3,1 = 0.87 and ICC3,1 = 0.72), respectively. Conclusion: This study has shown prone assessment of active ER and IR ROM to be a reliable and appropriate method for prone dominant athletes (swimmers and surfers). In this study greater ER ROM was achieved in prone compared to supine. This finding highlights the importance of standardizing the test position for initial and follow up assessments. Furthermore the HALO© and inclinometer have been shown to be reliable tools that show good concurrent validity.

  • 47.
    Green, A
    et al.
    Bond University, Australia.
    Gilbert, P
    Bond University, Australia; Physiomax, Gold Coast, Australia.
    Scott-Young, M
    Gold Coast Spine, Gold Coast, Australia.
    Abbott, Allan
    Bond University, Australia.
    The effect of physiotherapeutic rehabilitation following lumbar total disc replacement2013In: APA Conference 2013: New moves, Australian Physiotherapy Association , 2013, p. 2-2Conference paper (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    Question: What is the effect of physiotherapeutic rehabilitation post total disc replacement?

    Design: Retrospective cohort study.

    Participants: Six hundred patients who received lumbar disc replacement (TDR) or hybrid surgery (TDR + fusion) between 1997 and 2008.

    Intervention: Group 1 received no post-surgical physiotherapy. Group 2 received one to three physiotherapy sessions. Group 3 received four or more physiotherapy sessions.

    Outcome Measures: Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), Roland Morris Disability Questionnaire (RMQ), Short Form-36 Physical (SF-36 PCS). Preoperative measures taken at baseline, and again at follow-up at 3, 6, 12 and 24 months postoperatively were audited.

    Results: RMQ demonstrated a significant better improvement in Group 3 compared to Group 1 after 3, 6, 12 and 24 months (p = 0.001, <0.001, 0.001 and 0.04, respectively), and for Group 2 compared to Group 1 after 3 and 6 months (p = 0.01 and 0.01, respectively). A significant better change in Group 3 compared to Group 1 was seen in the ODI after 3, 6 and 12 months (p = 0.007, p = 0.006 and 0.003, respectively). A significant better change in Group 2 compared to Group 1 was observed in the SF-36 PCS after 6 months (p = 0.01). A significant better change in Group 3 compared to Group 1 for SF-36 PCS at 6, 12 and 24 months (p = <0.001, 0.012 and 0.004, respectively) was observed.

    Conclusion: Four or more sessions of post-operative physiotherapy demonstrated consistent statistically significant improvements in functional disability outcomes. However, these results were not considered clinically significant.

    Key Practice Points:

    •  Four or more sessions of post-operative physiotherapy may improve functional disability outcomes in patients post TDR surgery.

    •  Prospective randomised controlled trials evaluating the effectiveness of specific physiotherapy interventions post-TDR surgery are indicated.

  • 48.
    Green, Adeline
    et al.
    Faculty of Health Science and Medicine, Bond University, Queensland, Australia; Physiomax, Gold Coast, Australia.
    Gilbert, Philippa
    Faculty of Health Science and Medicine, Bond University, Queensland, Australia; Physiomax, Gold Coast, Australia.
    Scott-Young, Matthew
    Karolinska University Hospital, Sweden; Gold Coast Spine, Gold Coast, Australia.
    Abbott, Allan
    Faculty of Health Science and Medicine, Bond University, Queensland, Australia; Department of Physiotherapy, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; Division of Physiotherapy, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Physiotherapeutic rehabilitation following lumbar total disc replacement: A retrospective study2016In: Physiotherapy Research International, ISSN 1358-2267, E-ISSN 1471-2865, Vol. 21, no 3, p. 155-163Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE:

    This study sought to answer the following questions: What are the outcomes of physiotherapy post lumbar total disc replacement (LTDR) compared with patient self-mediated rehabilitation? Is a difference in outcomes related to the number of physiotherapy sessions?

    METHODS:

    This is a retrospective observational study of 600 patients post TDR. Patient outcomes for self-mediated rehabilitation (Group 1), 1-3 sessions of clinic-based physiotherapy (Group 2) and ≥4 sessions of clinic-based physiotherapy (Group 3) were analysed. Outcomes measures included the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), Roland Morris Disability Questionnaire (RMQ), Short Form-36 Physical (SF-36 PCS) and Mental Subscale Components (SF-36 MCS), Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) for back and leg pain intensity. Patient's pre-operative baseline measures and post-operative follow-up measures at 3, 6, 12 and 24 months post-operatively were analysed.

    RESULTS:

    Oswestry Disability Index and RMQ had significantly lower scores in Group 3 compared with Group 1 at 3, 6, 12 and 24 months follow-up. Significantly lower scores for Group 2 compared with Group 1 were observed for the ODI at 3 months follow-up and for the RMQ at 3 and 6 months follow-up. Significantly lower scores were observed in Group 3 compared with Group 1 for VAS back pain at 3 months and VAS leg pain at 6 months follow-up. Significantly higher scores in Group 3 compared with Group 1 were also observed in the SF-36 PCS at 6, 12 and 24 months. Significantly higher scores in Group 2 compared with Group 1 were observed at 6 months follow up. These trends were also observed when investigating the percentage of patients with a greater 50% improvement in the outcome measure.

    CONCLUSIONS:

    Physiotherapy post-LTDR produces statistically significant and possibly clinically important improvements in functional disability, pain and quality of life outcomes compared with self-mediated rehabilitation. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

  • 49.
    Halvorsen, Marie
    et al.
    Karolinska University Hospital and Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden .
    Abbott, Allan
    Linköping University, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Division of Physiotherapy. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Karolinska University Hospital and Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden; Bond University, Gold Coast, Australia .
    Peolsson, Anneli
    Linköping University, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Division of Physiotherapy. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia .
    Dedering, Åsa
    Karolinska University Hospital and Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden .
    Endurance and fatigue characteristics in the neck muscles during sub-maximal isometric test in patients with cervical radiculopathy2014In: European spine journal, ISSN 0940-6719, E-ISSN 1432-0932, Vol. 23, no 3, p. 590-598Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Purpose

    The aim of the study was to compare myoelectric manifestation in neck muscle endurance and fatigue characteristics during sub-maximal isometric endurance test in patients with cervical radiculopathy and asymptomatic subjects. An additional aim was to explore associations between primary neck muscle endurance, myoelectric fatigability, and self-rated levels of fatigue, pain and subjective health measurements in patients with cervical radiculopathy.

    Methods

    Muscle fatigue in the ventral and dorsal neck muscles was assessed in patients with cervical radiculopathy and in an asymptomatic group during an isometric neck muscle endurance test in prone and supine. 46 patients and 34 asymptomatic subjects participated. Surface electromyography signals were recorded from the sternocleidomastoid, cervical paraspinal muscles and upper and middle trapezius bilaterally during the endurance test. Subjective health measurements were assessed with questionnaires.

    Results

    The results showed altered neck muscle endurance in several of the muscles investigated with greater negative median frequency slope, greater variability, side imbalance, lower endurance time and higher experience of fatigue among the cervical radiculopathy patients compared with healthy subjects. Endurance times were significantly lower in both prone and in supine positions between the patients compared to asymptomatic subjects. During the neck muscle endurance test, fatigues in the upper trapezius muscles during the prone test and in the sternocleidomastoid muscles during the supine test were of more importance than self-perceived pain, fatigue, disability and kinesiophobia in predicting neck muscle endurance (NME).

    Conclusion

    NME testing in the primary neck muscles seems to be an important factor to take into consideration in rehabilitation.

  • 50.
    Halvorsen, Marie
    et al.
    Karolinska Institute, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Abbott, Allan
    Karolinska Institute, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Peolsson, Anneli
    Linköping University, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Division of Physiotherapy. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Stephansson-Dedering, Åsa
    Karolinska Institute, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Endurance and fatigue characteristics of static test of the neck muscles in patients with cervical radiculopathy2012In: Proceedings of the XIXth Congress of the International Society of Electrophysiology and Kinesiology / [ed] Kylie Tucker; Bianca Butler; Paul Hodges, The International Society of Electrophysiology and Kinesiology (ISEK) , 2012, p. 55-55Conference paper (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    INTRODUCTION: Neck muscle function is important for support and control of the cervical spine. With the application of frequency analysis of the electromyography (EMG) signal, the fatigue rate of muscles can be monitored. In several EMG studies, the neck muscles have been shown to fatigue faster in subjects with neck pain. This can be seen when the median frequency (MF) decreases when a contraction is sustained.

    AIM: In this experimental study the purpose was to evaluate patients with cervical radiculopathy compared to healthy subjects regarding changes in neckZmuscle fatigue during static endurance test in prone and supine.

    METHODS: A total of 33 patients (19 women and 14 men) with cervical radiculopathy and 28 healthy subjects (17 women and 11 men) were included in the study. Neck muscle fatigue was studied using EMG with surface electrodes bilaterally on cervical paraspinal and sternocleidomastoid muscle groups with electrode placement according to SENIAM. Measurements of neck muscle fatigue were performed in supine and prone positions until patient perceived time till exhaustion. Subjective neck muscle fatigue was rated on a Borg CRZ10 scale while subjective neck pain was measured on 0Z10 Visual analogue scale (VAS). Patients with cervical radiculopathy even completed the Neck Disability Index (NDI).

    RESULTS: The mean endurance time during static extension between groups was significantly different (p<0.001) with cervical radiculopathy patients recording 190 seconds (Sd=119) and the healthy subjects 509 seconds (Sd=213). Differences in mean endurance time during static flexion between groups were nonZsignificant with cervical radiculopathy patients recording 64 seconds (Sd=40) and the healthy subjects 96 seconds (Sd=69). Cervical radiculopathy patients MF EMG slope (Z0.039) for the right cervical paraspinal muscles significantly decreased (p=0.009) more the healthy subjects (Z0.017) during the extension test. NDI significantly correlated with MF EMG slope for both left (r=Z0.631 p= 0.001) and right side (r=Z0Z496 p=0.014) cervical paraspinal muscles during extension for the patient group.

    CONCLUSION:  Patients with cervical radiculopathy perform similar to healthy subjects with regards to static supine flexion endurance time and cervical muscle fatigue. Patients with cervical radiculopathy however have significantly lower endurance times and fatigue faster in the right side cervical paraspinal muscles during static prone extension.

    ACKNOWLEDGEMENT: The authors declare no conflicts of interest. The present study was supported by funds from Karolinska Institute.

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