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  • 1. Ahlgren Andersson, E
    et al.
    Almerud Österberg, S
    Elneborg, K
    Ericsson, Elisabeth
    Linköping University, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Nursing Science. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Sinnescentrum, Department of ENT - Head and Neck Surgery UHL.
    Johansson, E
    Minthon, L
    Pettersson, M
    Thulesius, H
    Wohlin, S
    Åberg, B
    Östberg, H
    Låg kognitiv hastighet före operation hade samband med postoperativ förvirring efter elektiv hjärtkirurgi2012Conference paper (Other academic)
  • 2.
    Andersson, Elin
    et al.
    Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Anaesthetics, Operations and Specialty Surgery Center, Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care in Linköping.
    Kroon, Anna
    Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Anaesthetics, Operations and Specialty Surgery Center, Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care in Norrköping.
    Ericsson, Elisabeth
    Linköping University, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Division of Nursing Science. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Anaesthetics, Operations and Specialty Surgery Center, Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care in Linköping.
    Nationell kartläggning av farmakologiska rutiner och information i samband med tonsilloperation2013Conference paper (Other academic)
    Abstract [sv]

    Studien är en del i ett större nationellt projekt med syfte att kartlägga smärtbehandling vid tonsillkirurgi i samband med utformning av nationella farmakologiska riktlinjer. De vanligaste postoperativa komplikationerna vid tonsillkirurgi är postoperativt illamående och kräkningar (PONV), smärta, blödning och dehydrering. Tonsillkirurgin utförs idag antingen som dagkirurgiskt ingrepp eller som slutenvårdsingrepp med en vårdtid på ca ett dygn. Därmed sker den postoperativa vården i hemmet. Ett flertal studier har beskrivit patienternas upplevelse av höggradig smärta efter tonsillkirurgi. Obehandlad smärta leder till svårigheter att svälja och därmed otillräckligt dryckes- och matintag, vilket leder till dehydrering, ökad blödningsbenägenhet, sämre läkningsförmåga samt negativa  postoperativa beteendeförändringar hos barnet.

    Syftet var att i en nationell studie kartlägga farmakologiska rutiner och informationen i samband med tonsilloperation hos barn och ungdomar.

  • 3.
    Andersson, Elin
    et al.
    Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Anaesthetics, Operations and Specialty Surgery Center, Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care in Linköping.
    Kroon, Anna
    Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Anaesthetics, Operations and Specialty Surgery Center, Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care in Norrköping.
    Ericsson, Elisabeth
    Linköping University, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Division of Nursing Science. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Anaesthetics, Operations and Specialty Surgery Center, Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care in Linköping.
    Nationell kartläggning av farmakologiska rutiner och information i samband med tonsilloperation2013In: Ventilen, ISSN 0348-6257, Vol. 4, no 48, p. 16-17Article in journal (Other academic)
    Abstract [sv]

    Studien är en del i ett större nationellt projekt med syfte att kartlägga smärtbehandling vid tonsillkirurgi i samband med utformning av nationella farmakologiska riktlinjer. De vanligaste postoperativa komplikationerna vid tonsillkirurgi är postoperativt illamående och kräkningar (PONV), smärta, blödning och dehydrering. Tonsillkirurgin utförs idag antingen som dagkirurgiskt ingrepp eller som slutenvårdsingrepp med en vårdtid på ca ett dygn. Därmed sker den postoperativa vården i hemmet. Ett flertal studier har beskrivit patienternas upplevelse av höggradig smärta efter tonsillkirurgi. Obehandlad smärta leder till svårigheter att svälja och därmed otillräckligt dryckes- och matintag, vilket leder till dehydrering, ökad blödningsbenägenhet, sämre läkningsförmåga samt negativa  postoperativa beteendeförändringar hos barnet.

    Syftet var att i en nationell studie kartlägga farmakologiska rutiner och informationen i samband med tonsilloperation hos barn och ungdomar.

  • 4.
    Andersson, Elin
    et al.
    Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Anaesthetics, Operations and Specialty Surgery Center, Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care in Linköping.
    Kroon, Anna
    Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Anaesthetics, Operations and Specialty Surgery Center, Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care in Norrköping.
    Ericsson, Elisabeth
    Linköping University, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Division of Nursing Science. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Anaesthetics, Operations and Specialty Surgery Center, Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care in Linköping.
    Nationell kartläggning av farmakologiska rutiner och information i samband med tonsilloperation2012In: Nationellt kvalitetsregister Öron-, Näs- och Halssjukvård: Årsrapport 2012, Nationellt kvalitetsregister för Öron-, Näs- och Halssjukvård. , 2012, p. 77-81Chapter in book (Other academic)
    Abstract [sv]

    Studien är en del i ett större nationellt projekt med syfte att kartlägga smärtbehandling vid tonsillkirurgi i samband med utformning av nationella farmakologiska riktlinjer. De vanligaste postoperativa komplikationerna vid tonsillkirurgi är postoperativt illamående och kräkningar (PONV), smärta, blödning och dehydrering. Tonsillkirurgin utförs idag antingen som dagkirurgiskt ingrepp eller som slutenvårdsingrepp med en vårdtid på ca ett dygn. Därmed sker den postoperativa vården i hemmet. Ett flertal studier har beskrivit patienternas upplevelse av höggradig smärta efter tonsillkirurgi. Obehandlad smärta leder till svårigheter att svälja och därmed otillräckligt dryckes- och matintag, vilket leder till dehydrering, ökad blödningsbenägenhet, sämre läkningsförmåga samt negativa  postoperativa beteendeförändringar hos barnet.

    Syftet var att i en nationell studie kartlägga farmakologiska rutiner och informationen i samband med tonsilloperation hos barn och ungdomar.

    Download full text (pdf)
    Nationell kartläggning av farmakologiska rutiner och information i samband med tonsilloperation
  • 5.
    Ericsson, Elisabeth
    Linköping University, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Division of Nursing Science. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Anaesthetics, Operations and Specialty Surgery Center, Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care in Linköping.
    Farmakologisk smärtbehandling (& illamående) i samband med tonsilloperation2012Conference paper (Refereed)
  • 6.
    Ericsson, Elisabeth
    Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Linköping University, Department of Neuroscience and Locomotion, Oto-Rhiono-Laryngology and Head & Neck Surgery. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Reconstruction Centre, Department of ENT - Head and Neck Surgery UHL.
    Health and well-being of children and young adults in relation to surgery of the tonsils2007In: Svensk ÖNH tidskrift, ISSN 1400-0121, Vol. 2, p. 42-45Article in journal (Other (popular science, discussion, etc.))
    Abstract [en]

        

  • 7. Order onlineBuy this publication >>
    Ericsson, Elisabeth
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Oto-Rhiono-Laryngology and Head & Neck Surgery. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Reconstruction Centre, Department of ENT - Head and Neck Surgery UHL.
    Health and well-being of children and young adults in relation to surgery of the tonsils2007Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    Tonsillectomy is one of the most frequently performed surgical procedures in children and youths. The aim of this thesis was to study children and youths in relation to tonsil surgery with the goal of improving the care, and to describe partial tonsillectomy/tonsillotomy (TT) using radiofrequency technique (RF) (Ellman International) in comparison with the more commonly used total tonsillectomy (TE).

    The thesis covers studies of wo age-groups with obstructive problems, with or without recurrent tonsillitis. Randomization to surgery was done from the existing waiting list; 92 children, 5-15 years old to 49/TT and 43/TE, (I-III) and 76 youths, 16-25 years old to 32/TT and 44/TE (IV-V).

    The first purpose (I, IV) was to compare the two surgical techniques with respect to pain and postoperative morbidity. Pain measures were for the children the Face Pain Scale and for the youths and parents and staff a verbal-pain-rating-scale. From the first day, the TT-groups scored significantly less pain than the TE-groups. The doses of pain-killing drugs (paracetamol and diclofenac) taken were significantly less for the children and youths receiving the TT-surgery, they could stop taking pain-killers sooner, and were back to normal activity three (5-15yrs) or four (16-25yrs) days earlier compared with TE-groups.

    Paper II focused on the child’s behavior (Child Behavior Checklist/CBCL), experience of pain, anxiety (State-Trait-Anxiety Inventory for Children /STAIC), previous experiences of surgery/tonsillitis, and the management of pain. The children scored higher on CBCL than a normative group before surgery, but no connection was observed between CBCL rating and experience of pain reported post surgically. There was no relation between preoperative anxiety and reported pain, but the postoperative anxiety level correlated with pain. The Egroup scored higher anxiety after surgery. Previous experience of surgery or tonsillitis did not influence the postoperative pain. The nurses scored pain lower than the parents/children and under-medicated.

    The second purpose was to compare the long-term effects of TT and TE-surgery after one and three years (5-15yrs) and one year (16-25yrs) (III, IV). The effect on snoring was the same for both TT and TE-groups and the rate of recurrence of throat infections was low after both surgical techniques.

    After one year, all children (TT/TE) showed improvements on CBCL to the same degree and there was no longer a difference between total behavior and normative values. They also scored improvements in health-related quality of life (HRQL) with Glasgow-Children-Benefit-Inventory.

    For both TT and TE, the older group reported lower HRQL preoperatively on all dimensions of Study-Short-Form (SF-36) compared with a normal population. After one year, a large improvement was found in HRQL in both groups and there were no differences compared with a normal population.

    Conclusion: Preoperative obstructive problems, in combination with recurrent tonsillitis have a negative impact on HRQL. Both after TE and TT there are large improvements in HRQL, infections, obstructive, and behavior problems one to three years after surgery, indicating that both surgical methods are equally effective. With fewer postoperative complications, less pain, shorter recovery time, and lower cost, TT with RF should be considered as method of choice.

    List of papers
    1. Pediatric Tonsillotomy with Radiofrequency Technique: Less Morbidity and Pain
    Open this publication in new window or tab >>Pediatric Tonsillotomy with Radiofrequency Technique: Less Morbidity and Pain
    2004 (English)In: The Laryngoscope, ISSN 0023-852X, Vol. 114, no 5, p. 871-877Article in journal (Refereed) Published
    Abstract [en]

    OBJECTIVE: To compare two techniques for pediatric tonsil surgery with respect to pain and postoperative morbidity. The two methods were the partial tonsil resection using radiofrequency (RF) technique (tonsillotomy [TT]) versus traditional tonsillectomy (TE).

    STUDY DESIGN: Prospective clinical randomized study in one tertiary care ENT clinic and two secondary care clinics.

    METHOD: One hundred fifty children, between 5 and 15 years of age, were randomized to either TT with RF using the Surgitron Ellman, 1.7 MHz, or regular TE. Randomization was performed from the waiting list, including children with both a history of obstructive problems and recurrent tonsillitis. The TT was performed with a specially made sling electrode using a cut/coagulation mode.

    RESULTS: Forty-nine children were operated on with TT and 43 with TE. There was significantly less bleeding in the TT group, although two cases of primary postoperative bleeding occurred among the TT children and one in the TE group. The pain recordings showed significantly less pain for the TT children from the second hour postoperatively onward, and the TT children were pain free and in school 3 days earlier than the TE group. The TT group had less need of the prescribed drugs (diclofenac and paracetamol). After 9 days, 73% of the TT children were completely healed, but only 31% of the TE children. By that time, the TE children had lost a mean of 660 g, and the TT children had gained 127 g. The effect on snoring was the same for both groups.

    CONCLUSION: RF appears to be a safe and reliable method for tonsil surgery with much less postoperative morbidity than regular TE.

    Keywords
    Tonsils, tonsil surgery, RF surgery, snoring, sleep apnea
    National Category
    Medical and Health Sciences
    Identifiers
    urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-14510 (URN)10.1097/00005537-200405000-00016 (DOI)
    Available from: 2007-05-21 Created: 2007-05-21 Last updated: 2009-05-19
    2. Pre-surgical Child Behavior Ratings and Pain Management after Two Different Techniques of Tonsil Surger
    Open this publication in new window or tab >>Pre-surgical Child Behavior Ratings and Pain Management after Two Different Techniques of Tonsil Surger
    2006 (English)In: International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology, ISSN 0165-5876, E-ISSN 1872-8464, Vol. 70, no 10, p. 1749-1758Article in journal (Refereed) Published
    Abstract [en]

    Objective

    The purpose of this investigation was to compare child behavior before surgery with experience of pain and anxiety in relation to two techniques of tonsil surgery, to relate previous experiences of surgery/tonsillitis with anxiety and pain, and to compare the children's, parent's and nurse's rating of pain.

    Method

    Ninety-two children (5–15 years) with sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) and with or without recurrent tonsillitis were randomized to partial tonsil resection/tonsillotomy (TT) or full tonsillectomy (TE). Measures: Parents: Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL). Children: State-Trait-Anxiety Inventory for Children (STAIC) and seven-point Faces Pain Scale (FPS). Parents/staff: seven-point Verbal Pain Rating Scale (VPRS). Pain relievers were opoids, paracetamol and diclophenac.

    Results

    These children with SDB scored significantly higher on CBCL than did normative groups, but no connection was observed between CBCL rating and experience of pain. There was no relation between pre-operative anxiety and pain. The post-operative anxiety level (STAIC) correlated with pain. The TE-group scored higher on STAIC after surgery. Previous experience of surgery or tonsillitis did not influence post-operative pain. The TE-group rated higher experience of pain despite more medication. The nurses scored pain lower than the parents/children and under-medicated.

    Conclusion

    SDB may influence children's behavior, but with no relation to post-operative pain. The surgical method predicts pain better than does the child's behavior rating. The nurses underestimated the pain experienced by the child.

    Keywords
    Children; Post-operative pain; Anxiety; Behavior; Tonsil surgery; Anesthesia
    National Category
    Medical and Health Sciences
    Identifiers
    urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-14511 (URN)10.1016/j.ijporl.2006.05.017 (DOI)
    Available from: 2007-05-21 Created: 2007-05-21 Last updated: 2017-12-13
    3. Pediatric Tonsillotomy with the Radiofrequency Technique – Long-term Follow-up
    Open this publication in new window or tab >>Pediatric Tonsillotomy with the Radiofrequency Technique – Long-term Follow-up
    2006 (English)In: The Laryngoscope, ISSN 0023-852X, E-ISSN 1531-4995, Vol. 116, no 10, p. 1851-1857Article in journal (Refereed) Published
    Abstract [en]

    Objectives: Compare the effects of partial tonsil resection using a radiofrequency technique, tonsillotomy (TT), with total tonsillectomy (TE, blunt dissection) after 1 and 3 years. Compare frequency of relapse in snoring or infections and possible long-term changes in behavior among TT children with those in TE children.

    Method: Ninety-two children (5-15 yr) randomized to TT (n = 49) or TE (n = 43) groups because of obstructive problems with or without recurrent tonsillitis. One year after surgery, general health, degree of obstruction, history of infections, and behavior were investigated using two questionnaires, the Qu1 and Child Behavior Checklist, as well as an ENT visit. After 3 years, two questionnaires, Qu2 and the Glasgow Children's Benefit Inventory, were answered by mail.

    Results: After 1 year, both groups were in good health. The effect on snoring and total behavior was the same for both groups, and the rate of recurrence of infections was not higher in the TT group. After 3 years, two children in the TT group were tonsillectomized (4%, 2/49), one because of peritonsillitis and another because of increased snoring. Otherwise, no differences existed between the groups in general health, snoring, or number of infections.

    Conclusion: Removing only the protruding parts of the tonsils has the same beneficial long-term effect on obstructive symptoms and recurrent throat infections as complete TE in the majority of cases. The need for re-operation is low; therefore, it appears inadvisable to follow the current common practice of routinely removing the whole tonsil given its higher morbidity and risk for serious complications.

    Keywords
    Tonsil surgery, tonsillotomy, snoring, behavior, reduced morbidity, immunology, long-term follow-up
    National Category
    Medical and Health Sciences
    Identifiers
    urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-14512 (URN)10.1097/01.mlg.0000234941.95636.e6 (DOI)
    Available from: 2007-05-21 Created: 2007-05-21 Last updated: 2017-12-13
    4. Tonsil Surgery in Youths – Good Results with Less Invasive Method
    Open this publication in new window or tab >>Tonsil Surgery in Youths – Good Results with Less Invasive Method
    2007 (English)In: The Laryngoscope, ISSN 0023-852X, E-ISSN 1531-4995, Vol. 117, no 4, p. 654-661Article in journal (Refereed) Published
    Abstract [en]

    Objective: Comparison of two types of tonsil surgery for 16- to 25-year-old patients, with respect to primary morbidity, snoring, and recurrent infections after 1 year. Teenagers and young adults are a significant proportion (26%) of the population that receive tonsil surgery each year and appear to suffer more pain than younger children. Recurrent tonsillitis, in combination with obstructive problems, is the main indication for surgery.

    Method: One hundred fourteen patients 16 to 25 years of age were randomized to tonsillotomy (TT) with radiosurgery (RF) (Ellman International) or to cold tonsillectomy (TE). Pain and analgesics were logged until patients were pain free.

    Results: Thirty-two patients were operated on with TT and 44 with TE. The TT group had less blood loss during surgery and no postoperative bleedings, compared with the TE group (2 primary and 4 late hemorrhages). The TT group recorded significantly less pain from the first day, had less need of analgesics (diclofenac and paracetamol), and were pain free and in school/at work 4 days earlier than the TE group. After 7 days, the TE patients had lost a mean of 1.8 kg compared with TT, with no significant weight loss. After 1 year, both groups were satisfied. The positive effect on snoring was the same for both groups. There were few throat infections in both groups.

    Conclusion: TT with RF is an effective method for tonsil surgery for many teenagers and young adults, with much less postoperative morbidity than regular TE. Long-term follow-up is necessary.

    Keywords
    Tonsillotomy, tonsillectomy, radiofrequency surgery, postoperative pain, snoring, recurrent tonsillitis
    National Category
    Medical and Health Sciences
    Identifiers
    urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-14513 (URN)10.1097/mlg.0b013e318030ca69 (DOI)
    Available from: 2007-05-21 Created: 2007-05-21 Last updated: 2017-12-13
    5. Long-Term Improvement of Quality of Life as a Result of Tonsillotomy (With Radiofrequency Technique) and Tonsillectomy in Youths
    Open this publication in new window or tab >>Long-Term Improvement of Quality of Life as a Result of Tonsillotomy (With Radiofrequency Technique) and Tonsillectomy in Youths
    2007 (English)In: The Laryngoscope, ISSN 0023-852X, E-ISSN 1531-4995, Vol. 117, no 7, p. 1272-1279Article in journal (Refereed) Published
    Abstract [en]

    Objective: This is a 1 year follow-up to compare the effects of partial tonsil resection using the radiofrequency technique (RF) tonsillotomy (TT) with total tonsillectomy (TE) (blunt dissection). Obstructive symptoms, tendency for infections, and health-related quality of life (HRQL) were studied and compared with the HRQL data from a normal population.

    Method: The study group consisted of 74 patients (16-25 yr old) randomized to TT (n = 31) or TE (n = 43) with obstructive throat problems with or without recurrent tonsillitis. The Short Form 36 (SF-36) and EuroQul Visual Analogue Scale were used to evaluate HRQL. A questionnaire investigated the degree of obstruction and history of infections.

    Results: Preoperatively, both groups reported significantly lower HRQL in all dimensions of the SF-36 compared with the normal population (P < .05-P < .001). After 1 year, a large improvement (P < .01-P < .001) in both groups in HRQL was found. No differences were found when these groups were compared with the normal population or between the study groups. The effect on snoring was the same for both groups, and the rate of recurrence of infections was low and not any higher in the TT group.

    Conclusion: Preoperative obstructive problems in combination with recurrent tonsillitis have a negative impact on HRQL. Both the TT and TE groups demonstrated large improvements on HRQL, infections, and obstructive problems 1 year after surgery, indicating that the surgical methods are equally effective. With its reduced postoperative complications, less pain, shorter recovery time, and cost reduction, TT with RF should be considered the method of choice.

    Keywords
    tonsillotomy, tonsillectomy, health-related quality of life, Short Form 36, snoring, recurrent tonsillitis
    National Category
    Medical and Health Sciences
    Identifiers
    urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-14514 (URN)10.1097/MLG.0b013e31805559e1 (DOI)
    Available from: 2007-05-21 Created: 2007-05-21 Last updated: 2017-12-13
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  • 8.
    Ericsson, Elisabeth
    Linköping University, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Division of Nursing Science. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Anaesthetics, Operations and Specialty Surgery Center, Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care in Linköping.
    Nationella riktlinjer för farmakologisk behandling av smärta och illamående i samband med tonsillotomi och tonsillektomi på barn och ungdomar (<18 år)2013Conference paper (Other academic)
    Abstract [sv]

    Premedicinering kan göras enligt sjukhusets vanliga rutiner. En möjlig kombination som oral premedicinering (= start av multimodal smärtbehandling) är paracetamol (40 mg/kg), klonidin (2–3 mikrog/kg) och betametason (0,2 mg/kg, max 8 mg) enligt kroppsvikt eller 4 mg vid vikt under 50 kg, 8 mg vid vikt över 50 kg som ges cirka 90 minuter innan anestesistart.

    Alternativt ges ovanstående läkemedel i samband med inledningen av anestesin men med doseringsförslag som anges under smärtbehandling per operativt nedan.

    Smärtbehandling peroperativt

    Paracetamol bör ges intravenöst (20 mg/kg) och intravenöst betametason (0,2 mg(kg) om inte det ingått i premedicineringen. Vid slutet av operationen ges en dos av COX hämmare (diklofenak 1 mg/kg rektalt eller intravenöst, alternativt ibuprofen 5–7 mg/kg rektalt). Om klonidin inte givits som premedicinering kan en intravenös dos ges vid inledningen av anestesin, 1 mikrog/kg intravenöst. Med klonidin kan övriga underhållsanestetika ofta reduceras med cirka 25%. För att minska den tidiga smärtan kan också kompresser indränkta med bupivacain 5 mg/ml läggas på sårområdet i cirka 5 minuter.

    Initial postoperativ smärta behandlas med intravenösa opioider, paracetamol och klonidin titrerat till för individen acceptabel smärtnivå. Smärtskattning ska göras med ålderadekvat instrument.

    Illamående, profylax och behandling

    I samband med anestesiinledningen ges betametason samt vid indikation ondansetron 0,1 mg/kg för att förbygga postoperativt illamående. Behandling kan ske med ondansetron 0,1 mg/kg, prometazin 0,1 mg/kg (licenspreparat) eller droperidol 30 mikrog/kg. En kombination av antiemetika ger bättre effekt. En fördel är att inducera anestesin med propofol om intravenös infart finns.

    Smärtbehandling i hemmet

    Paracetamol 24 mg/kg x 4 i tre dygn och därefter minska till 18 mg/kg x 4 (paracetamolmixturen är 24 mg/ml vilket innebär att den initiala behandlingen blir 1 ml/kg x 4 om mixturen används). Kombinera paracetamol med COXhämmare ibuprofen 5–7mg/kg x 4 eller diklofenak 1–1,5 mg/kg x 3. Vid blödningsrisk kan selektiv COX-2 hämmare användas, celecoxib 2 mg/kg x 2, som alternativ till ibuprofen och diklofenak. COX hämmare och paracetamol utgör basen i analgetikabehandlingen och ska ges regelbundet.

    För ytterligare smärtbehandling kan t. ex klonidin ges i dosen 1–2 mikrog/kg x 3 per os. Opioider kan behövas i vissa fall men insättning bör göras efter kontakt med ÖNH kliniken. Ur praktisk synvinkel rekommenderas att doser av klonidin- eller opioidmixtur (oxikodon eller morfin) dras upp i sprutor med engångsdoser när analgetika skickas med vid utskrivningen. Antalet doser som skickas hem med patienten bestäms av behovet och lokala rutiner. När smärtan avklingar kan man börja sätta ut analgetika: först opioider, därefter klonidin, paracetamol och sist COX hämmare. (Enstaka doser av COX hämmare ger en bättre analgetisk effekt än enstaka doser av paracetamol).

    Smärtbehandling kan behövas upp till 2–3 veckor efter tonsillektomi, och drygt en vecka efter tonsillotomi. Vid tonsillotomi räcker det oftast med paracetamol kombinerat med COX-hämmare. Som förslag i nationella riktlinjer föreslås en behandlingslängd med COX-hämmare i kombination med paracetamol i 3–5 dygn vid tonsillotomi och 5–8 dygn vid tonsillektomi.

  • 9.
    Ericsson, Elisabeth
    Linköping University, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Division of Nursing Science. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Anaesthetics, Operations and Specialty Surgery Center, Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care in Linköping.
    Processen med utformning av nationella farmakologiska riktlinjer i samband med tonsilloperation2013In: Ventilen, ISSN 0348-6257, Vol. 4, no 48, p. 17-Article in journal (Other academic)
  • 10.
    Ericsson, Elisabeth
    Linköping University, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Division of Nursing Science. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Anaesthetics, Operations and Specialty Surgery Center, Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care in Linköping.
    Vägen till webbaserad information vid tonsilloperation2012Conference paper (Refereed)
  • 11.
    Ericsson, Elisabeth
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Division of Nursing Science. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Anaesthetics, Operations and Specialty Surgery Center, Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care in Linköping.
    Brattwall, Metha
    Västra Götalandsregionen.
    Lundeberg, Stefan
    Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm.
    Farmakologisk behandling av smärta och illamående i samband med tonsillotomi och tonsillektomi på barn och ungdomar2013In: Nationellt kvalitetsregister Öron-, Näs- och Halssjukvård: Årsrapport 2012, Svensk förening för Otorhinolarungologi, Huvud- och Halskirurgi , 2013, p. 64-71Chapter in book (Other academic)
    Abstract [sv]

    Premedicinering kan göras enligt sjukhusets vanliga rutiner. En möjlig kombination som oral premedicinering (= start av multimodal smärtbehandling) är paracetamol (40 mg/kg), klonidin (2–3 mikrog/kg) och betametason (0,2 mg/kg, max 8 mg) enligt kroppsvikt eller 4 mg vid vikt under 50 kg, 8 mg vid vikt över 50 kg som ges cirka 90 minuter innan anestesistart.

    Alternativt ges ovanstående läkemedel i samband med inledningen av anestesin men med doseringsförslag som anges under smärtbehandling per operativt nedan.

    Smärtbehandling peroperativt

    Paracetamol bör ges intravenöst (20 mg/kg) och intravenöst betametason (0,2 mg(kg) om inte det ingått i premedicineringen. Vid slutet av operationen ges en dos av COX hämmare (diklofenak 1 mg/kg rektalt eller intravenöst, alternativt ibuprofen 5–7 mg/kg rektalt). Om klonidin inte givits som premedicinering kan en intravenös dos ges vid inledningen av anestesin, 1 mikrog/kg intravenöst. Med klonidin kan övriga underhållsanestetika ofta reduceras med cirka 25%. För att minska den tidiga smärtan kan också kompresser indränkta med bupivacain 5 mg/ml läggas på sårområdet i cirka 5 minuter.

    Initial postoperativ smärta behandlas med intravenösa opioider, paracetamol och klonidin titrerat till för individen acceptabel smärtnivå. Smärtskattning ska göras med ålderadekvat instrument.

    Illamående, profylax och behandling

    I samband med anestesiinledningen ges betametason samt vid indikation ondansetron 0,1 mg/kg för att förbygga postoperativt illamående. Behandling kan ske med ondansetron 0,1 mg/kg, prometazin 0,1 mg/kg (licenspreparat) eller droperidol 30 mikrog/kg. En kombination av antiemetika ger bättre effekt. En fördel är att inducera anestesin med propofol om intravenös infart finns.

    Smärtbehandling i hemmet

    Paracetamol 24 mg/kg x 4 i tre dygn och därefter minska till 18 mg/kg x 4 (paracetamolmixturen är 24 mg/ml vilket innebär att den initiala behandlingen blir 1 ml/kg x 4 om mixturen används). Kombinera paracetamol med COXhämmare ibuprofen 5–7mg/kg x 4 eller diklofenak 1–1,5 mg/kg x 3. Vid blödningsrisk kan selektiv COX-2 hämmare användas, celecoxib 2 mg/kg x 2, som alternativ till ibuprofen och diklofenak. COX hämmare och paracetamol utgör basen i analgetikabehandlingen och ska ges regelbundet.

    För ytterligare smärtbehandling kan t. ex klonidin ges i dosen 1–2 mikrog/kg x 3 per os. Opioider kan behövas i vissa fall men insättning bör göras efter kontakt med ÖNH kliniken. Ur praktisk synvinkel rekommenderas att doser av klonidin- eller opioidmixtur (oxikodon eller morfin) dras upp i sprutor med engångsdoser när analgetika skickas med vid utskrivningen. Antalet doser som skickas hem med patienten bestäms av behovet och lokala rutiner. När smärtan avklingar kan man börja sätta ut analgetika: först opioider, därefter klonidin, paracetamol och sist COX hämmare. (Enstaka doser av COX hämmare ger en bättre analgetisk effekt än enstaka doser av paracetamol).

    Smärtbehandling kan behövas upp till 2–3 veckor efter tonsillektomi, och drygt en vecka efter tonsillotomi. Vid tonsillotomi räcker det oftast med paracetamol kombinerat med COX-hämmare. Som förslag i nationella riktlinjer föreslås en behandlingslängd med COX-hämmare i kombination med paracetamol i 3–5 dygn vid tonsillotomi och 5–8 dygn vid tonsillektomi.

    Download full text (pdf)
    Farmakologisk behandling av smärta och illamående i samband med tonsillotomi och tonsillektomi på barn och ungdomar
  • 12.
    Ericsson, Elisabeth
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Division of Nursing Science. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Anaesthetics, Operations and Specialty Surgery Center, Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care in Linköping.
    Brattwall, Metha
    Västra Götalandsregionen.
    Lundeberg, Stefan
    Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm.
    Grunddokument till nationella riktlinjer för farmakologisk behandling av smärta och illamående i samband med tonsillotomi och tonsillektomi på barn och ungdomar (<18 år)2013In: Svensk ÖNH-tidskrift, ISSN 1400-0121, Vol. 20, no 3, p. 6p. 18-26Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [sv]

    I Sverige utförs 13000 tonsilloperationer varje år, över 50 % utförs på barn under 15 år. Tonsilloperation medför svår och långvarig smärta samt hög frekvens av illamående.

    Smärtan är ofta värst dag 3 till 5 efter tonsillektomi. Tonsillotomi ger generellt upphov till mindre smärta än tonsillektomi. Dehydrering och sämre näringsintag kan vara en orsak till större smärtproblematik vid tonsillektomier. Äldre barn som genomfört tonsilloperation skattar högre postoperativ smärta vilket kräver ökat behov av analgetika.

    Olika interventioner inklusive farmakologiska används för att behandla och förebygga smärta och illamående. De vanligaste systemiska analgetika som används är paracetamol, COX-hämmare samt opioider. Användande av opioider vid tonsillektomi på barn med och obstruktiv sömnapné kan ge upphov till allvarliga komplikationer 4. Alfa-2 adrenerga agonister som klonidin har en analgetisk effekt utan påverkan på andningsdriven. Klonidin kan vara ett bra komplement då paracetamol i kombination med COX-hämmare inte har tillräcklig analgetisk effekt. Olika regionala metoder med bl.a. lokalbedövningsmedel används också med viss effekt.

  • 13.
    Ericsson, Elisabeth
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Oto-Rhiono-Laryngology and Head & Neck Surgery . Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Graf, Jonas
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Oto-Rhiono-Laryngology and Head & Neck Surgery . Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Hultcrantz, Elisabeth
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Oto-Rhiono-Laryngology and Head & Neck Surgery . Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Pediatric Tonsillotomy with the Radiofrequency Technique – Long-term Follow-up2006In: The Laryngoscope, ISSN 0023-852X, E-ISSN 1531-4995, Vol. 116, no 10, p. 1851-1857Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Objectives: Compare the effects of partial tonsil resection using a radiofrequency technique, tonsillotomy (TT), with total tonsillectomy (TE, blunt dissection) after 1 and 3 years. Compare frequency of relapse in snoring or infections and possible long-term changes in behavior among TT children with those in TE children.

    Method: Ninety-two children (5-15 yr) randomized to TT (n = 49) or TE (n = 43) groups because of obstructive problems with or without recurrent tonsillitis. One year after surgery, general health, degree of obstruction, history of infections, and behavior were investigated using two questionnaires, the Qu1 and Child Behavior Checklist, as well as an ENT visit. After 3 years, two questionnaires, Qu2 and the Glasgow Children's Benefit Inventory, were answered by mail.

    Results: After 1 year, both groups were in good health. The effect on snoring and total behavior was the same for both groups, and the rate of recurrence of infections was not higher in the TT group. After 3 years, two children in the TT group were tonsillectomized (4%, 2/49), one because of peritonsillitis and another because of increased snoring. Otherwise, no differences existed between the groups in general health, snoring, or number of infections.

    Conclusion: Removing only the protruding parts of the tonsils has the same beneficial long-term effect on obstructive symptoms and recurrent throat infections as complete TE in the majority of cases. The need for re-operation is low; therefore, it appears inadvisable to follow the current common practice of routinely removing the whole tonsil given its higher morbidity and risk for serious complications.

  • 14.
    Ericsson, Elisabeth
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Nursing Science. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Sinnescentrum, Department of ENT - Head and Neck Surgery UHL.
    Hemlin, Claes
    Aleris Sabbatsberg Hospital, Stockholm.
    Hessén Söderman, Anne- Charlotte
    Karolinska University Hospital.
    Hultcrantz, Elisabeth
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Oto-Rhiono-Laryngology and Head & Neck Surgery. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Sinnescentrum, Department of ENT - Head and Neck Surgery UHL.
    Roos, Kristian
    Lundby Hospital, Göteborg.
    Sunnergren, Ola
    County Hospital Ryhov, Jönköping.
    Stalfors, Joacim
    Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Göteborg.
    Webb-based information for tonsillar surgery2012Conference paper (Other academic)
  • 15.
    Ericsson, Elisabeth
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Division of Nursing Science. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Anaesthetics, Operations and Specialty Surgery Center, Department of Otorhinolaryngology in Linköping.
    Hemlin, Claes
    Aleris Sabbatsberg, Stockholm .
    Hultcrantz, Elisabeth
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Anaesthetics, Operations and Specialty Surgery Center, Department of Otorhinolaryngology in Linköping.
    Månsson, Ingemar
    Sahlgrenska Universitetssjukhuset, Göteborg.
    Roos, Kristian
    Capio Lundby Sjukhus, Göteborg.
    Stahlfors, Joacim
    Sahlgrenska Universitetssjukhuset, Göteborg.
    Weitz, Per
    Centrallasarettet, Västerås.
    Tonsilloperation: Nationella Medicinska Indikationer: Rapport från expertgruppen för tonsilloperation inom Svensk förening för Otorhinolaryngologi, Huvud- och halskirurgi 2009Report (Other academic)
  • 16.
    Ericsson, Elisabeth
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Oto-Rhiono-Laryngology and Head & Neck Surgery . Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Reconstruction Centre, Department of ENT - Head and Neck Surgery UHL.
    Hultcrantz, Elisabeth
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Oto-Rhiono-Laryngology and Head & Neck Surgery . Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Reconstruction Centre, Department of ENT - Head and Neck Surgery UHL.
    Tonsil Surgery in Youths – Good Results with Less Invasive Method2007In: The Laryngoscope, ISSN 0023-852X, E-ISSN 1531-4995, Vol. 117, no 4, p. 654-661Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Objective: Comparison of two types of tonsil surgery for 16- to 25-year-old patients, with respect to primary morbidity, snoring, and recurrent infections after 1 year. Teenagers and young adults are a significant proportion (26%) of the population that receive tonsil surgery each year and appear to suffer more pain than younger children. Recurrent tonsillitis, in combination with obstructive problems, is the main indication for surgery.

    Method: One hundred fourteen patients 16 to 25 years of age were randomized to tonsillotomy (TT) with radiosurgery (RF) (Ellman International) or to cold tonsillectomy (TE). Pain and analgesics were logged until patients were pain free.

    Results: Thirty-two patients were operated on with TT and 44 with TE. The TT group had less blood loss during surgery and no postoperative bleedings, compared with the TE group (2 primary and 4 late hemorrhages). The TT group recorded significantly less pain from the first day, had less need of analgesics (diclofenac and paracetamol), and were pain free and in school/at work 4 days earlier than the TE group. After 7 days, the TE patients had lost a mean of 1.8 kg compared with TT, with no significant weight loss. After 1 year, both groups were satisfied. The positive effect on snoring was the same for both groups. There were few throat infections in both groups.

    Conclusion: TT with RF is an effective method for tonsil surgery for many teenagers and young adults, with much less postoperative morbidity than regular TE. Long-term follow-up is necessary.

  • 17.
    Ericsson, Elisabeth
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Nursing Science. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Sinnescentrum, Department of Anaesthesiology and Surgery UHL.
    Hultcrantz, Elisabeth
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Oto-Rhiono-Laryngology and Head & Neck Surgery. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Sinnescentrum, Department of ENT - Head and Neck Surgery UHL.
    Tonsil Surgery in Youths: Good Results With A Less Invasive Method2011Conference paper (Refereed)
  • 18.
    Ericsson, Elisabeth
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Oto-Rhiono-Laryngology and Head & Neck Surgery . Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Reconstruction Centre, Department of ENT - Head and Neck Surgery UHL.
    Ledin, Torbjörn
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Oto-Rhiono-Laryngology and Head & Neck Surgery . Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Reconstruction Centre, Department of ENT - Head and Neck Surgery UHL.
    Hultcrantz, Elisabeth
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Oto-Rhiono-Laryngology and Head & Neck Surgery . Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Reconstruction Centre, Department of ENT - Head and Neck Surgery UHL.
    Long-Term Improvement of Quality of Life as a Result of Tonsillotomy (With Radiofrequency Technique) and Tonsillectomy in Youths2007In: The Laryngoscope, ISSN 0023-852X, E-ISSN 1531-4995, Vol. 117, no 7, p. 1272-1279Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Objective: This is a 1 year follow-up to compare the effects of partial tonsil resection using the radiofrequency technique (RF) tonsillotomy (TT) with total tonsillectomy (TE) (blunt dissection). Obstructive symptoms, tendency for infections, and health-related quality of life (HRQL) were studied and compared with the HRQL data from a normal population.

    Method: The study group consisted of 74 patients (16-25 yr old) randomized to TT (n = 31) or TE (n = 43) with obstructive throat problems with or without recurrent tonsillitis. The Short Form 36 (SF-36) and EuroQul Visual Analogue Scale were used to evaluate HRQL. A questionnaire investigated the degree of obstruction and history of infections.

    Results: Preoperatively, both groups reported significantly lower HRQL in all dimensions of the SF-36 compared with the normal population (P < .05-P < .001). After 1 year, a large improvement (P < .01-P < .001) in both groups in HRQL was found. No differences were found when these groups were compared with the normal population or between the study groups. The effect on snoring was the same for both groups, and the rate of recurrence of infections was low and not any higher in the TT group.

    Conclusion: Preoperative obstructive problems in combination with recurrent tonsillitis have a negative impact on HRQL. Both the TT and TE groups demonstrated large improvements on HRQL, infections, and obstructive problems 1 year after surgery, indicating that the surgical methods are equally effective. With its reduced postoperative complications, less pain, shorter recovery time, and cost reduction, TT with RF should be considered the method of choice.

  • 19.
    Ericsson, Elisabeth
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Division of Nursing Science. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Anaesthetics, Operations and Specialty Surgery Center, Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care in Linköping.
    Lundeberg, Stefan
    Smärtbehandlingsenheten, Astrid Lindgrens Barnsjukhus, Stockholm.
    Brattwall, Metha
    An/Op/IVA/Sc Sahlgrenska Universitetssjukhuset, Mölndal.
    Stalfors, Joacim
    ÖNH-Kliniken, Sahlgrenska Universitetssjukhuset, Göteborg.
    Hemlin, Claes
    ÖNH-Kliniken, Aleris Specialistvård Sabbatsberg, Stockholm.
    Hessén-Söderman, Anne Charlotte
    ÖNH-Kliniken, Aleris Specialistvård Sabbatsberg, Stockholm.
    Hultcrantz, Elisabeth
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Sunnergren, Ola
    ÖNH- Kliniken, Länssjukhuset Ryhov, Jönköping.
    Odhagen, Erik
    ÖNH-Kliniken, Södra Älvsborgs Sjukhus, Borås.
    Nationella riktlinjer för farmakologisk behandling av smärta och illamående i samband med med tonsillotomi och tonsillektomi på barn och ungdomar (<18 år)2013In: Ventilen, ISSN 0348-6257, Vol. 4, no 48, p. 18-19Article in journal (Other academic)
  • 20.
    Ericsson, Elisabeth
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Division of Nursing Science. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Anaesthetics, Operations and Specialty Surgery Center, Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care in Linköping.
    Lundeberg, Stefan
    Smärtbehandlingsenheten, Astrid Lindgrens Barnsjukhus, Stockholm.
    Brattwall, Metha
    An/Op/IVA/Sc Sahlgrenska Universitetssjukhuset, Mölndal.
    Stalfors, Joacim
    ÖNH-Kliniken, Sahlgrenska Universitetssjukhuset, Göteborg.
    Hemlin, Claes
    ÖNH-Kliniken, Aleris Specialistvård Sabbatsberg, Stockholm.
    Hessén-Söderman, Anne-Charlotte
    ÖNH-Kliniken, Aleris Specialistvård Sabbatsberg, Stockholm.
    Hultcrantz, Elisabeth
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of Neuroscience. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Anaesthetics, Operations and Specialty Surgery Center, Department of Otorhinolaryngology in Linköping.
    Sunnergren, Ola
    ÖNH- Kliniken, Länssjukhuset Ryhov, Jönköping.
    Odhagen, Erik
    ÖNH-Kliniken, Södra Älvsborgs Sjukhus, Borås.
    Nationella riktlinjer för farmakologisk behandling av smärta och illamående i samband med tonsillotomi och tonsillektomi på barn och ungdomar (<18 år)2013In: Svensk ÖNH-tidskrift, ISSN 1400-0121, Vol. 30, no 3, p. 4p. 1-5Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [sv]

    Riktlinjerna är framtagna av referensgruppen för Tonsilloperation. Syftet med dessa riktlinjer är att optimera det perioperativa omhändertagandet (premedicinering - peroperativt - postoperativt smärtomhändertagande) i samband med tonsilloperationer på barn och ungdomar. Bakgrund och referenser till riktlinjerna finns i ett separat dokument.

    Riktlinjerna gäller för friska barn. Finns det riskfaktorer som ex grav sömnapné, kraftig övervikt, komplicerande sjukdomstillstånd eller organpåverkan behöver den farmakologiska behandlingen anpassas efter situationen.

    Tonsillkirurgi medför svår och långvarig smärta samt hög frekvens av illamående. Smärtan är ofta värst dag 3 till 5 efter tonsillektomi. Tonsillotomi ger generellt upphov till mindre smärta än tonsillektomi. För att uppnå effekt behöver den farmakologiska smärtbehandlingen påbörjas redan vid premedicineringen och fortlöpa under själva anestesin/ingreppet. En multimodal behandling ska eftersträvas och målsättningen är att uppnå en för individen acceptabel smärtnivå i det postoperativa skedet och i hemmet.

    Den farmakologiska behandlingen ska kombineras med preoperativ information om ingreppet till patienten och vårdnadshavare. En lugn och trygg situation före anestesistart ökar chanserna för ett lugnt postoperativt förlopp.

  • 21.
    Ericsson, Elisabeth
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Oto-Rhiono-Laryngology and Head & Neck Surgery . Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Reconstruction Centre, Department of ENT - Head and Neck Surgery UHL.
    Lundeborg, Inger
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Speech and Language Pathology . Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Hultcrantz, Elisabeth
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Oto-Rhiono-Laryngology and Head & Neck Surgery . Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Reconstruction Centre, Department of ENT - Head and Neck Surgery UHL.
    Child behavior and quality of life before and after tonsillotomy versus tonsillectomy2009In: International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology, ISSN 0165-5876, E-ISSN 1872-8464, Vol. 73, no 9, p. 1254-1262Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Objectives: Compare two techniques for pediatric tonsil surgery with respect to postoperative pain and morbidity and changes in sleep behavior, health related quality of life (HRQL) and benefits due to surgery. Methods: 67 children (4.5-5.5 years) with tonsillar hypertrophy and obstructive sleep-disordered breathing with or without recurrent tonsillitis were randomized to either regular tonsillectomy (TE) (n = 32) or intracapsular tonsillectomy/tonsillotomy (TT) (n = 35) with Radiofrequency surgical technique (ellman Int.). Before TT/TE, the parents completed a validated Quality of Life survey of pediatric obstructive sleep apnea, the OSA-18 (Obstructive Sleep Apnea-18) and a standardized assessment of their childrens behavior with the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL). Six months after surgery, the parents repeated these measurements, and assessed the health related benefits of the surgery using the Glasgow Childrens Benefit Inventory (GCBI). Results: In the TT group, the children recorded less pain from the first day after surgery onwards, used fewer doses of painkillers and were pain-free 3 days earlier than the children in the TE group. Six months after surgery, there were no significant difference between TT and TE with regard to snoring and ENT-infections. The differences in the total scores and in all the individual domains between the initial OSA-18 and post-surgery scores were all significant (P andlt; 0.0001). The improvement in the total problem score measured with CBCL was also significant (P andlt; 0.01) and there was no difference between the TT and TE children. The improvements in all subscores of the GCBI indicated a significant health benefit of both TT and TE. Conclusions: TT with RF-surgery causes less pain and postoperative morbidity than regular TE and has an equal effect on snoring and recurrent infections. Pre-school children with tonsillar hypertrophy and obstructive sleep-disordered breathing all show an impact on HRQL and behavior before surgery and improve dramatically just as much after TT as after TE. Therefore TT would be considered for treatment of small children.

  • 22.
    Ericsson, Elisabeth
    et al.
    Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Oto-Rhiono-Laryngology and Head & Neck Surgery . Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Reconstruction Centre, Department of ENT - Head and Neck Surgery UHL.
    LundeborgHammarström, Inger
    Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Speech and Language Pathology .
    Graf, Jonas
    Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Oto-Rhiono-Laryngology and Head & Neck Surgery .
    McAllister, Anita
    Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Speech and Language Pathology . Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Reconstruction Centre, Department of ENT - Head and Neck Surgery UHL.
    Hultcrantz, Elisabeth
    Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Oto-Rhiono-Laryngology and Head & Neck Surgery . Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Reconstruction Centre, Department of ENT - Head and Neck Surgery UHL.
    Child behavior and quality of life before and after tonsillotomy versus tonsillectomy2008In: International conference in pediatric otorhinolaryngology,2008, 2008, p. 40-40Conference paper (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    Introduction: The objective of the present investigation was to compare two techniques for pediatric tonsil surgery with respect to postoperative pain and morbidity and changes in sleep behavior, health related quality of life (HRQL) and benefit due to surgery. Methods: 67 children (4,5-5,5 years) with tonsillar hypertrophy and obstructive sleep related distress with or without recurrent tonsillitis were randomized to either regular tonsillectomy (TE)(n=32) or intracapsular tonsillectomy/tonsillotomy (TT) (n=35) with Radiofrequency surgical technique (Ellman Int) Before TT/TE, the parents completed a validated Quality of Life survey of pediatric obstructive sleep apnea, the OSA18 (Obstructive Sleep Apnea-18) and a standardized assessment of their children-s behavior with the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL). Six months after surgery, the parents repeated these measurements, and assessed the health related benefits of the surgery using the Glasgow Children´s Benefit Inventory (GCBI). Results: In the TT group, the children recorded less pain from the first day after surgery onwards, used fewer doses of painkillers and were pain-free 3 days earlier than the children in the TE group. Six months after surgery, there was no significant difference between TT and TE with regard to snoring and ENT-infections. The differences were all significant in the total scores and in all the individual domains between the initial OSA-18 and post-surgery scores (p<0.0001). The improvement in the total problem score measured with CBCL was also significant (p<0.01) and there were no differences between the TT and TE children. The improvements in all sub scores of the GCBI indicated a significant health benefit of both TT and TE. Conclusions: TT with RF-surgery is a safe method, which causes less pain and postoperative morbidity than regular TE and has a similar effect on snoring and recurrent infections. Young children with tonsillar hypertrophy and different degrees of obstructive sleep related distress all show an impact on HRQL and behavior. All improve dramatically after a tonsillar operation-improving just as much after TT as after TE. Based on these results, TT should be the first choice for treatment of these small children. Support: Financial support from the Research Council of South East Sweden (FORSS).

  • 23.
    Ericsson, Elisabeth
    et al.
    Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Linköping University, Department of Neuroscience and Locomotion, Oto-Rhiono-Laryngology and Head & Neck Surgery. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Reconstruction Centre, Department of ENT - Head and Neck Surgery UHL.
    LundeborgHammarström, Inger
    Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Linköping University, Department of Neuroscience and Locomotion, Speech and Language Pathology.
    Marcusson, Agneta
    Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Linköping University, Department of Neuroscience and Locomotion, Dental Clinic. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Reconstruction Centre, Department of Oral Surgery UHL.
    Mc Allister, Anita
    Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Linköping University, Department of Neuroscience and Locomotion, Speech and Language Pathology. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Reconstruction Centre, Department of ENT - Head and Neck Surgery UHL.
    Graf, Jonas
    Hultcrantz, Elisabeth
    Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Linköping University, Department of Neuroscience and Locomotion, Oto-Rhiono-Laryngology and Head & Neck Surgery. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Reconstruction Centre, Department of ENT - Head and Neck Surgery UHL.
    Oralmotorik, artikulation och livskvalitet. Sexmånadersuppföljning efter tonsillotomi respektive tonsillektomi2007In: Rikstämman 2007,2007, 2007, p. 53-53Conference paper (Other academic)
  • 24.
    Ericsson, Elisabeth
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Division of Nursing Science. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Anaesthetics, Operations and Specialty Surgery Center, Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care in Linköping.
    Nilsson, A
    Lundberg, L
    Kjellman, B-M
    Karlsson-Björnström, K
    Zetterlund, E-L
    Post Graduate utbildning för specialistutbildade sjuksköterskor inom anestesiologisk vård ett unikt samarbete mellan landsting och universitet2013Conference paper (Other academic)
  • 25.
    Ericsson, Elisabeth
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Oto-Rhiono-Laryngology and Head & Neck Surgery . Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Wadsby, Marie
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Child and Adolescent Psychiatry . Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Hultcrantz, Elisabeth
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Oto-Rhiono-Laryngology and Head & Neck Surgery . Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Pre-surgical Child Behavior Ratings and Pain Management after Two Different Techniques of Tonsil Surger2006In: International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology, ISSN 0165-5876, E-ISSN 1872-8464, Vol. 70, no 10, p. 1749-1758Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Objective

    The purpose of this investigation was to compare child behavior before surgery with experience of pain and anxiety in relation to two techniques of tonsil surgery, to relate previous experiences of surgery/tonsillitis with anxiety and pain, and to compare the children's, parent's and nurse's rating of pain.

    Method

    Ninety-two children (5–15 years) with sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) and with or without recurrent tonsillitis were randomized to partial tonsil resection/tonsillotomy (TT) or full tonsillectomy (TE). Measures: Parents: Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL). Children: State-Trait-Anxiety Inventory for Children (STAIC) and seven-point Faces Pain Scale (FPS). Parents/staff: seven-point Verbal Pain Rating Scale (VPRS). Pain relievers were opoids, paracetamol and diclophenac.

    Results

    These children with SDB scored significantly higher on CBCL than did normative groups, but no connection was observed between CBCL rating and experience of pain. There was no relation between pre-operative anxiety and pain. The post-operative anxiety level (STAIC) correlated with pain. The TE-group scored higher on STAIC after surgery. Previous experience of surgery or tonsillitis did not influence post-operative pain. The TE-group rated higher experience of pain despite more medication. The nurses scored pain lower than the parents/children and under-medicated.

    Conclusion

    SDB may influence children's behavior, but with no relation to post-operative pain. The surgical method predicts pain better than does the child's behavior rating. The nurses underestimated the pain experienced by the child.

  • 26.
    Gimbler Berglund, Ingalill
    et al.
    Omvårdnad, Hälsohögskolan i Jönköping.
    Ericsson, Elisabeth
    Linköping University, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Nursing Science. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Anaesthetics, Operations and Specialty Surgery Center, Department of Otorhinolaryngology in Linköping.
    Proczkowska-Björklund, Marie
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Fridlund, Bengt
    Omvårdnad, Hälsohögskolan i Jönköping.
    Nurse anaesthetists' experiences with pre-operative anxiety2013In: Nursing Children and Young People, ISSN 2046-2336, Vol. 25, no 1, p. 28-34Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    AIMS:

    To explore nurse anaesthetists' experiences and actions when administering and caring for children requiring anaesthesia.

    METHOD:

    A qualitative design employing critical incident technique was used. Interviews were carried out with a purposeful sample of nurse anaesthetists (n=32). The nurse anaesthetists' experiences were grouped into two main areas: organisation focused and interrelational focused. Actions were grouped into two main areas: optimising the situation and creating interpersonal interaction.

    FINDINGS:

    The categories and subcategories of the nurses' experiences appeared to influence the outcome for the child. The nurse anaesthetists' first priority was to create an optimal environment and increase sensitivity in their interactions with the child.

    CONCLUSION:

    Sensitivity to the child and flexibility in altering actions are key strategies to avoid physical restraint.

  • 27. Graf, J
    et al.
    Hultcrantz, Elisabeth
    Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Linköping University, Department of Neuroscience and Locomotion, Oto-Rhiono-Laryngology and Head & Neck Surgery. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Reconstruction Centre, Department of ENT - Head and Neck Surgery UHL.
    Ericsson, Elisabeth
    Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Linköping University, Department of Neuroscience and Locomotion, Oto-Rhiono-Laryngology and Head & Neck Surgery. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Reconstruction Centre, Department of ENT - Head and Neck Surgery UHL.
    Persson, P
    Käll, L.G
    Ydreborg, K
    Wallqvist, J
    Tonsillotomi med radiofrekvensteknik på barn- effekt på recidiverande tonsillit och snarkning2005In: Svensk ÖNH tidskrift, ISSN 1400-0121, Vol. 12, p. 16-17Article in journal (Other academic)
  • 28.
    Graf, Jonas
    et al.
    Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Oto-Rhiono-Laryngology and Head & Neck Surgery.
    Ericsson, Elisabeth
    Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Oto-Rhiono-Laryngology and Head & Neck Surgery. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Reconstruction Centre, Department of ENT - Head and Neck Surgery UHL.
    Lundeborg Hammarström, Inger
    Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Speech and Language Pathology.
    Hultcrantz, Elisabeth
    Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Oto-Rhiono-Laryngology and Head & Neck Surgery. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Reconstruction Centre, Department of ENT - Head and Neck Surgery UHL.
    Tonsillotomi på förskolebarn-räcker det?2008In: The Annual General Meeting for the Swedish Society for Medicine,2008, 2008Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [sv]

     Under förskoleålder sker en fysiologisk ökning av den sk Waldeyerska ringen med tillväxt av tonsiller och adenoid som del i utvecklingen av barnets immunförsvar Många barn kan under denna tid debutera med obstruktionsbesvär(snarkning och sömnapné). Traditionellt har tonsillerna och adenoiden genom tonsillektomi och abrasio helt avlägsnats för att komma till rätta med dessa symptom, kirurgi förenad med hög postoperativ smärtnivå. På senare tid har tonsillotomi, dvs partiellt borttagande av tonsillerna, återinförts som en något mer skonsam operationsmetod. Immunsystemetpåverkas möjligtvis inte heller i lika stor omfattning. Frågan är om detta ingrepp är tillfyllest på barn som är i den ålder då tonsillerna fortfarande växer? Syftet med föreliggande studie var att jämföra tonsillotomi med radiofrekvenskirurgi med fullständig tonsillektomi på förskolebarn vad beträffar postoperativ morbiditet och långtidseffekt på snarkning och infektionsnbenägenhet upp till två år efter operation med tonsillektomi. 67 förskolebarn(4-5 år)med symtomgivade tonsillhypertrofi randomiserades till reguljär tonsillektomi(TE) eller tonsillotomi(TT) med radiofrekvensteknik. I de flesta fall utfördes samtidigt abrasio. 6 månader efter operationen svarade alla på frågeformulär och 2 år efter operationen bedömdes de åter av ÖNH-läkare. Snarkningen före, direkt efter operationen och vid tiden för läkarbesöket utvärderades då med VAS TT barnen registrerade lägre smärta från första dagen efter operation och var helt smärtfria 3 dagar tidigare än TE-barnen. Sex månader efter operationen förelåg ingen skillnad på grupperna vad gäller snarkning och infektionsbenägehet. Efter två år hade två av de 34 TT-barnen och ett av de 33 TE-barnen blivit re-opererade pga recidiv av obstruktionsbesvär, TE-barnet med reabrasio. Övriga barn i båda grupperna var i stort sett besvärsfria vad gäller snarkning och ingen ökad infektionsbenägehet noterades hos något barn. VAS före/ två år efter operationen var 8,4/1,3 för TE och 8,5/1,6 för TT. Tre av TT barnen hade tonsillvävnad något utanför tonsillogen och hälften av TE barnen hade små tonsillrester i logerna. Cirka 6 % risk föreligger att ett yngre barn som opereras med tonsillotomi för obstruktionsbesvär behöver göra om operationen inom 2 år. Denna risk bör vägas mot den betydligt lägre postoperativa morbiditeten för tonsillotomi jämfört med tonsillektomi.

  • 29. Graf, Jonas
    et al.
    Hultcrantz, Elisabeth
    Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Linköping University, Department of Neuroscience and Locomotion, Oto-Rhiono-Laryngology and Head & Neck Surgery. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Reconstruction Centre, Department of ENT - Head and Neck Surgery UHL.
    Ericsson, Elisabeth
    Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Linköping University, Department of Neuroscience and Locomotion, Oto-Rhiono-Laryngology and Head & Neck Surgery. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Reconstruction Centre, Department of ENT - Head and Neck Surgery UHL.
    Persson, Pekka
    Käll, Lars-Göran
    Ydreborg, Kjell
    Wallqvist, Jan
    Tonsillotomi med radiofrekvensteknik på barn2004In: Svensk ÖNH tidskrift, ISSN 1400-0121, Vol. 1, p. 21-21Article in journal (Other (popular science, discussion, etc.))
  • 30.
    Hemlin, Claes
    et al.
    Aleris Sabbatsberg Hospital, Stockholm.
    Sunnergren, Ola
    County Hospital Ryhov, Jönköping.
    Hultcrantz, Elisabeth
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Oto-Rhiono-Laryngology and Head & Neck Surgery. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Sinnescentrum, Department of ENT - Head and Neck Surgery UHL.
    Ericsson, Elisabeth
    Linköping University, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Nursing Science. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Sinnescentrum, Department of ENT - Head and Neck Surgery UHL.
    Hessén Söderman, Anne- Charlotte
    Karolinska University Hospital.
    Roos, Kristian
    Capio Lundby Hospital, Göteborg.
    Passmark, H
    Stalfors, Joacim
    Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Göteborg.
    A Patient questionnaire can give valid information on the prescence of morbidity after tonaillar surgery - results of a validation study2012Conference paper (Other academic)
  • 31.
    Hessen Soderman, Anne-Charlotte
    et al.
    Karolinska University Hospital.
    Ericsson, Elisabeth
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Oto-Rhiono-Laryngology and Head & Neck Surgery. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Sinnescentrum, Department of ENT - Head and Neck Surgery UHL.
    Hemlin, Claes
    Karolinska Institute.
    Hultcrantz, Elisabeth
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Oto-Rhiono-Laryngology and Head & Neck Surgery. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Sinnescentrum, Department of ENT - Head and Neck Surgery UHL.
    Mansson, Ingemar
    Sahlgrens University Hospital.
    Roos, Kristian
    Capio Lundby.
    Stalfors, Joacim
    Sahlgrens University Hospital.
    Reduced Risk of Primary Postoperative Hemorrhage After Tonsil Surgery in Sweden: Results from the National Tonsil Surgery Register in Sweden Covering More Than 10 Years and 54,696 Operations2011In: The Laryngoscope, ISSN 0023-852X, E-ISSN 1531-4995, Vol. 121, no 11, p. 2322-2326Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Objectives/Hypothesis: To analyze the incidence of primary bleeding following tonsil surgery and to evaluate risk factors. less thanbrgreater than less thanbrgreater thanStudy Design: Register study of the results from the National Tonsil Surgery Register in Sweden covering the period 1997 to 2008 and 54,696 operations. less thanbrgreater than less thanbrgreater thanMethods: Data were collected by means of three questionnaires, two filled in by professionals and one 6 months post-operatively by the patient/parent. less thanbrgreater than less thanbrgreater thanResults: A total of 719 patients experienced primary postoperative bleeding during the hospital stay (1.3%). A number of independent factors were correlated with decreased risk of post-tonsillectomy hemorrhage: younger age (P andlt; .0001), female sex (P andlt; .0001), type of surgery (tonsillotomy) (P = .0006), and surgery performed on a day-surgery basis (P andlt; .0001). Indication for surgery and number of operations performed at the department did not correlate with postoperative bleeding risk. A significant decrease in primary postoperative hemorrhage rate from 2% to 0.96% was found during the study period. less thanbrgreater than less thanbrgreater thanConclusions: Primary hemorrhage following tonsil surgery is rare. During the study period, a significant decrease in primary bleeding rates occurred. The changes in practice with an increasing proportion of day-surgery cases and tonsillotomy have contributed to the reduced risk, but cannot completely explain the reduction.

  • 32.
    Hessén Söderman, Anne- Charlotte
    et al.
    Karolinska University Hospital.
    Ericsson, Elisabeth
    Linköping University, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Nursing Science. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Sinnescentrum, Department of ENT - Head and Neck Surgery UHL.
    Hemlin, Claes
    Aleris Sabbatsberg Hospital, Stockholm.
    Hultcrantz, Elisabeth
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Oto-Rhiono-Laryngology and Head & Neck Surgery. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Sinnescentrum, Department of ENT - Head and Neck Surgery UHL.
    Roos, Kristian
    Capio Lundby Hospital, Göteborg.
    Sunnergren, Ola
    County Hospital Ryhov, Jönköping.
    Stalfors, Joacim
    Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Göteborg.
    Posttonsillectomy haemorrhage rates related to surgical technique.2012Conference paper (Other academic)
  • 33.
    Hultcrantz, Elisabeth
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of Neuroscience. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Anaesthetics, Operations and Specialty Surgery Center, Department of Otorhinolaryngology in Linköping.
    Ericsson, Elisabeth
    Linköping University, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Division of Nursing Science. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Anaesthetics, Operations and Specialty Surgery Center, Department of Otorhinolaryngology in Linköping.
    Factors Influencing the Indication for Tonsillectomy: A Historical Overview and Current Concepts2013In: Journal for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, ISSN 0301-1569, E-ISSN 1423-0275, Vol. 75, no 3, p. 184-191Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Tonsil surgery has been performed for more than 3,000 years. During the 19th century when anesthesia became available, techniques were refined and the number of procedures performed increased. Repeated throat infections often causing big tonsils was the reason why parents asked for the procedure. During the preantibiotic era, scarlet fever was feared since potential heart or kidney complications were life-threatening. The technique used before 1900 was tonsillotomy since neither a fingernail, snare nor the later guillotine were used extracapsularly. Bleeding was small and the surgery ambulatory. Extracapsular tonsillectomy developed around the turn of the 20th century with the purpose of avoiding remnants the focal infection theory was prevailing. The whole tonsil was now extirpated with good visibility of the tonsillar area in a deeply anesthetized patient. During the first half of the 20th century, the two methods competed, but by 1950, total tonsillectomy had become the only correct tonsil surgery. The indication was still recurrent infections. The risk for serious bleeding increased; therefore large clinics arose where patients remained for at least a week after tonsillectomy. When oral penicillin for children became available during the 1960s, the threat of throat infection decreased and the number of tonsillectomies declined. The awareness of obstructive problems in children rose at the same time when obstructive sleep apnea syndrome became a disease for adults (1970s). Tonsillotomy was revived during the 1990s and is today used increasingly in many countries. The indication is mainly obstructive sleep apnea syndromeor sleep-disordered breathing, especially in small children. Total tonsillectomy is still preferred for recurrent infections, which include periodic fever/adenitis/pharyngitis/aphthous ulcer syndrome and recurrent peritonsillitis.

  • 34.
    Hultcrantz, Elisabeth
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Oto-Rhiono-Laryngology and Head & Neck Surgery . Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Ericsson, Elisabeth
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Oto-Rhiono-Laryngology and Head & Neck Surgery . Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Pediatric Tonsillotomy with Radiofrequency Technique: Less Morbidity and Pain2004In: The Laryngoscope, ISSN 0023-852X, Vol. 114, no 5, p. 871-877Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    OBJECTIVE: To compare two techniques for pediatric tonsil surgery with respect to pain and postoperative morbidity. The two methods were the partial tonsil resection using radiofrequency (RF) technique (tonsillotomy [TT]) versus traditional tonsillectomy (TE).

    STUDY DESIGN: Prospective clinical randomized study in one tertiary care ENT clinic and two secondary care clinics.

    METHOD: One hundred fifty children, between 5 and 15 years of age, were randomized to either TT with RF using the Surgitron Ellman, 1.7 MHz, or regular TE. Randomization was performed from the waiting list, including children with both a history of obstructive problems and recurrent tonsillitis. The TT was performed with a specially made sling electrode using a cut/coagulation mode.

    RESULTS: Forty-nine children were operated on with TT and 43 with TE. There was significantly less bleeding in the TT group, although two cases of primary postoperative bleeding occurred among the TT children and one in the TE group. The pain recordings showed significantly less pain for the TT children from the second hour postoperatively onward, and the TT children were pain free and in school 3 days earlier than the TE group. The TT group had less need of the prescribed drugs (diclofenac and paracetamol). After 9 days, 73% of the TT children were completely healed, but only 31% of the TE children. By that time, the TE children had lost a mean of 660 g, and the TT children had gained 127 g. The effect on snoring was the same for both groups.

    CONCLUSION: RF appears to be a safe and reliable method for tonsil surgery with much less postoperative morbidity than regular TE.

  • 35.
    Hultcrantz, Elisabeth
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Oto-Rhiono-Laryngology and Head & Neck Surgery. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Sinnescentrum, Department of ENT - Head and Neck Surgery UHL.
    Ericsson, Elisabeth
    Linköping University, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Nursing Science. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Sinnescentrum, Department of ENT - Head and Neck Surgery UHL.
    Hemlin, Claes
    Aleris Sabbatsberg Hospital, Stockholm.
    National Guidelines for Tonsillotomy in children in Sweden.2012Conference paper (Other academic)
  • 36.
    Hultcrantz, Elisabeth
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Oto-Rhiono-Laryngology and Head & Neck Surgery. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Sinnescentrum, Department of ENT - Head and Neck Surgery UHL.
    Ericsson, Elisabeth
    Linköping University, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Nursing Science. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Sinnescentrum, Department of ENT - Head and Neck Surgery UHL. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Sinnescentrum, Department of Anaesthesiology and Surgery UHL.
    Hemlin, Claes
    Aleris specialistvård Sabbatsberg, Stockholm.
    Eggertsen, Robert
    Avd. för Samhällsmedicin och folkhälsa/allmänmedicin, Göteborgs Universitet.
    Lundeborg-Hammarström, Inger
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Speech and Language Pathology. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Marcusson, Agneta
    Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Sinnescentrum, Department of Oral Surgery UHL.
    Proczkowska-Björklund, Marie
    Barn- och ungdomspsykiatri, Psykiatriska kliniken, Höglandet Eksjö/Nässjö.
    Stjernquist-Desatnik, Anna
    Öron-näsa-hals-kliniken, Universitetssjukhuset Lund.
    Zettergren-Wijk, Lena
    Avdelningen för tandreglering, Folktandvården Gävleborg AB, Gävle.
    Moa, Gunnar
    Projektledare Nationella medicinska indikationer.
    Törnqvist, Helene
    Projektledare Nationella medicinska indikationer.
    Indikation för tonsillotomi på barn och ungdomar2011Report (Other academic)
  • 37.
    Hultcrantz, Elisabeth
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of Neuroscience. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Anaesthetics, Operations and Specialty Surgery Center, Department of Otorhinolaryngology in Linköping.
    Ericsson, Elisabeth
    Linköping University, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Division of Nursing Science. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Anaesthetics, Operations and Specialty Surgery Center, Department of Otorhinolaryngology in Linköping.
    Hemlin, Claes
    Öron näsa hals, Aleris Specialistvård Sabbatsberg, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Hessén-Söderman, Anne-Charlotte
    Öron näsa hals, Aleris Specialistvård Sabbatsberg, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Roos, Kristian
    Öron-näsa-halsmottagningen, Capio Lundby Närsjukhus, Göteborg, Sweden.
    Sunnergren, Ola
    Öron-näs-halsmottagningen, Ryhovs Länssjukhus, Jönköping, Sweden.
    Stalfors, Joacim
    Öron-näs-halsmottagningen, Sahlgrenska Universitetssjukhuset, Göteborg, Sweden.
    Paradigm shift in Sweden from tonsillectomy to tonsillotomy for children with upper airway obstructive symptoms due to tonsillar hypertrophy2013In: European Archives of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, ISSN 0937-4477, E-ISSN 1434-4726, Vol. 270, no 9, p. 2531-2536Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Tonsillotomy (TT) is now used more often than tonsillectomy (TE) for tonsil obstructive symptoms in Sweden. Both TE and TT give high patient satisfaction although TT results in fewer postoperative bleedings and shorter time when analgesics are needed. The objective of this study is to analyze the current prevalence of different tonsil surgery procedures, the rates of early and late bleeding and other complications. Data from the National Tonsil Surgery Register in Sweden were analyzed. Patients 1–15 years operated for symptoms due to tonsil hypertrophy were included. Surgical procedure, technique and bleedings during hospital stay were registered. Thirty days after surgery, unplanned contacts due to bleeding, infection or pain were reported as were symptom relief after 6 months. 24,083 patients were registered. Of the 10,826 children 1–15 years operated for obstructive symptoms, 64 % were TT or TT+A, and 34 % TE, TE+A. 69 % answered the 30-day questionnaire and 50 % the 6 months. Bleeding in hospital occurred in 1.38 %, late bleedings in 2.06 %: 3.7 % after TE+A, 0.8 % after TT+A. Differences in readmissions due to bleeding, number of days using analgesics, health care contacts due to pain and nosocomial infections were significant between TT and TE, but not differences with regard to symptom relief after 6 months.

  • 38.
    Hultcrantz, Elisabeth
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Ericsson, Elisabeth
    Linköping University, Department of Medical and Health Sciences. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Anaesthetics, Operations and Specialty Surgery Center, Department of Intensive Care. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Hemlin, Claes
    Ear-, Nose- and Throat Clinic, Aleris Sabbatsberg Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Hessén-Söderman, Anne-Charlotte
    Ear-, Nose- and Throat Clinic, Aleris Sabbatsberg Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Roos, Kristian
    Ear-, Nose- and Throat Clinic, Capio Lundby Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Sunnergren, Ola
    Ear-, Nose- and Throat Clinic, County Hospital Ryhov, Jönköping, Sweden.
    Stalfors, Joacim
    Ear-, Nose- and Throat Clinic, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Paradigm shift in Sweden from tonsillectomy to tonsillotomy for children with upper airway obstructive symptoms due to tonsillar hypertrophy2013In: European Archives of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, ISSN 0937-4477, E-ISSN 1434-4726, Vol. 270, p. 2531-2536Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Tonsillotomy (TT) is now used more often than tonsillectomy (TE) for tonsil obstructive symptoms in Sweden. Both TE and TT give high patient satisfaction although TT results in fewer postoperative bleedings and shorter time when analgesics are needed. The objective of this study is to analyze the current prevalence of different tonsil surgery procedures, the rates of early and late bleeding and other complications. Data from the National Tonsil Surgery Register in Sweden were analyzed. Patients 1–15 years operated for symptoms due to tonsil hypertrophy were included. Surgical procedure, technique and bleedings during hospital stay were registered. Thirty days after surgery, unplanned contacts due to bleeding, infection or pain were reported as were symptom relief after 6 months. 24,083 patients were registered. Of the 10,826 children 1–15 years operated for obstructive symptoms, 64 % were TT or TT+A, and 34 % TE, TE+A. 69 % answered the 30-day questionnaire and 50 % the 6 months. Bleeding in hospital occurred in 1.38 %, late bleedings in 2.06 %: 3.7 % after TE+A, 0.8 % after TT+A. Differences in readmissions due to bleeding, number of days using analgesics, health care contacts due to pain and nosocomial infections were significant between TT and TE, but not differences with regard to symptom relief after 6 months.

  • 39.
    Hultcrantz, Elisabeth
    et al.
    Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Linköping University, Department of Neuroscience and Locomotion, Oto-Rhiono-Laryngology and Head & Neck Surgery. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Reconstruction Centre, Department of ENT - Head and Neck Surgery UHL.
    Smedje, H
    Månsson, I
    Hallén, L
    Ericsson, Elisabeth
    Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Linköping University, Department of Neuroscience and Locomotion, Oto-Rhiono-Laryngology and Head & Neck Surgery. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Reconstruction Centre, Department of ENT - Head and Neck Surgery UHL.
    Tonsillektomi - skall vi fortsätta med det?2005In: Svensk ÖNH tidskrift, ISSN 1400-0121, Vol. 12, p. 15-16Article in journal (Other academic)
  • 40.
    Kallunki, Jenny
    et al.
    Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Public Dental Health Care.
    Marcusson, Agneta
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of Clinical Sciences. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Anaesthetics, Operations and Specialty Surgery Center, Maxillofacial Unit.
    Ericsson, Elisabeth
    Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Anaesthetics, Operations and Specialty Surgery Center, Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care in Linköping. Linköping University, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Division of Nursing Science. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Tonsillotomy versus tonsillectomy--a randomized trial regarding dentofacial morphology and post-operative growth in children with tonsillar hypertrophy2014In: European Journal of Orthodontics, ISSN 0141-5387, E-ISSN 1460-2210, Vol. 36, no 4, p. 471-478Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Objectives:The primary aim of this study was to analyse two different methods of tonsil surgery, tonsillectomy (TE) and tonsillotomy (TT), regarding post-operative dentofacial growth in children with tonsillar hypertrophy. A secondary aim was to analyse these results in relation to cephalometric standards.Material and methods:The study group consisted of 64 subjects (39 boys and 25 girls), mean age 4.8 years ± 4 months. They were randomized to a complete removal of the pharyngeal tonsil, TE, (n = 31) or a partial removal, TT, (n = 33). Pre-operative and 2 years post-operative study material were obtained and analysed. The results were compared with cephalometric standards.Results:Pre-operative, children with hypertrophic tonsils displayed an increased vertical relation (P < 0.05) compared with cephalometric standards. Post-operative, no significant difference could be detected between the two surgical procedures regarding dentofacial growth. Mandibular growth with an anterior inclination was significant (P < 0.001/TE, P < 0.01/TT) for both groups. An increased upper and lower incisor inclination was noted (P < 0.01/TE,TT). The vertical relation decreased (P < 0.001/TE, P < 0.05/TT) as well as the mandibular angle (P < 0.01/TE, P < 0.001/TT). Reduction was also significant for the sagittal intermaxillar (P < 0.001/TE,TT) relation. These post-operative results, together with a more prognatic mandible (P < 0.05/TE,TT) and chin (P < 0.001/TE, P < 0.01/TT), might indicate a more horizontal direction of mandibular growth.Conclusion:TE and TT yielded equal post-operative dentofacial growth in children treated for hypertrophic tonsils. This result should be considered when deciding upon surgical technique.

  • 41.
    Lundeborg Hammarström, Inger
    et al.
    Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Speech and Language Pathology.
    Ericsson, Elisabeth
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Oto-Rhiono-Laryngology and Head & Neck Surgery. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Sinnescentrum, Department of ENT - Head and Neck Surgery UHL.
    Hultcrantz, Elisabeth
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Oto-Rhiono-Laryngology and Head & Neck Surgery. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Sinnescentrum, Department of ENT - Head and Neck Surgery UHL.
    McAllister, Anita
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Speech and Language Pathology. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Reconstruction Centre. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Sinnescentrum, Department of ENT - Head and Neck Surgery UHL.
    Influence of adenotonsillar hypertrophy on /s/-articulation in children-effects of surgery2011In: Logopedics, Phoniatrics, Vocology, ISSN 1401-5439, E-ISSN 1651-2022, Vol. 36, no 3, p. 100-108Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Tonsillar hypertrophy is common in young children and affects several aspects of the speech such as distortions of the dento-alveolar consonants. The study objective was to assess s-articulation, perceptually and acoustically in children with tonsillar hypertrophy and compare effects of two types of surgery, total tonsillectomy and tonsillotomy. Sixty-seven children, 50-65 months, on waiting list for surgery, were randomized to tonsillectomy or tonsillotomy. The speech material was collected pre-operatively and six months post-operatively.  Two groups of age-matched children were controls. /S/-articulation was affected acoustically with lower spectral peak locations and perceptually with less distinct /s/-production before surgery, in comparison to controls.  After surgery /s/-articulation was normalized perceptually, but acoustic differences remained. No significant differences between surgical methods were found.

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  • 42.
    Lundeborg Hammarström, Inger
    et al.
    Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Speech and Language Pathology.
    Ericsson, Elisabeth
    Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Oto-Rhiono-Laryngology and Head & Neck Surgery. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Reconstruction Centre, Department of ENT - Head and Neck Surgery UHL.
    McAllister, Anita
    Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Speech and Language Pathology. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Reconstruction Centre, Department of ENT - Head and Neck Surgery UHL.
    Hultcrantz, Elisabeth
    Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Oto-Rhiono-Laryngology and Head & Neck Surgery. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Reconstruction Centre, Department of ENT - Head and Neck Surgery UHL.
    Effects of tonsil surgery on speech and oral motor function2008In: The 12th Congress of the International Clinical Phonetics and Linguistics association,2008, 2008, p. 119-119Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

     Large tonsils decrease the upper airways and cause oral breathing in children. If oral breathing persists, it leads to muscular and postural alterations, which, in turn cause dentoskeletal changes. In Sweden 6% of all children, have tonsil surgery performed. The indications are usually recurrent tonsillitis or severe snoring and/or sleep apneoa. Oral motor dysfunction including swallowing problems , disordered speech and aberrant dentofacial growth are less recognized problems as indications for treatment. We report results from a project aiming at comparing oral motor function and speech in children trated with two different surgical methods, tonsillectomy (TE) and partial tonsil resection, tonsillotomy (TT). 67 children aged 4-5 years old on ordinary waiting list for tonsil surgery were randomized to either TE or TT. They were assessed with the Swedish version of Nordic Orofacial Test (NOT-S) and a Swedish phonological test. A voice recording was also made. The assessment was repeated 6 months after surgery. The results were compared to a control group without tonsil problems. No significant differences were found between the children operated with TE or TT. Both groups performed significantly better on the oral motor test at the postoperative assessment, and voice quality had improved. However, compared to the control group, the children with enlarged tonsils had a delay in phonological development, preoperatively that remained at the 6-month postoperative control   

  • 43.
    Lundeborg Hammarström, Inger
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Hultcrantz, Elisabeth
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Oto-Rhiono-Laryngology and Head & Neck Surgery. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Sinnescentrum, Department of ENT - Head and Neck Surgery UHL.
    Ericsson, Elisabeth
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Oto-Rhiono-Laryngology and Head & Neck Surgery. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Sinnescentrum, Department of ENT - Head and Neck Surgery UHL.
    McAllister, Anita
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Speech and Language Pathology. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Sinnescentrum, Department of ENT - Head and Neck Surgery UHL.
    Acoustic and perceptual aspects of vocal function in children with adenotonsillar hypertrophy —effects of surgery2012In: Journal of Voice, ISSN 0892-1997, E-ISSN 1873-4588, Vol. 26, no 4, p. 480-487Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Objective: To evaluate outcome of two types of tonsil surgery (tonsillectomy+adenoidectomy or tonsillotomy +adenoidectomy) on vocal function perceptually and acoustically.

    Study Design: Sixty-seven children, aged 50-65 months, on waiting list for tonsil surgery were randomized to tonsillectomy (n=33) or tonsillotomy (n=34). Fifty-seven age and gender matched healthy pre-school children were controls. Twenty-eight of them, aged 48-59 months, served as control group before surgery, and 29, aged 60-71 months, after surgery

    Methods: Before surgery and six months postoperatively, the children were recorded producing three sustained vowels (/A, u, i/) and 14 words. The control groups were recorded only once.

    Three trained speech and language pathologists performed the perceptual analysis using Visual Analogue Scales (VAS) for eight voice quality parameters. Acoustic analysis from sustained vowels included average fundamental frequency, jitter percent, shimmer percent, noise-to-harmonic ratio and the centre frequencies of formants 1-3

    Results: Before surgery the children were rated to have more hyponasality and compressed/throaty voice (p<0,05) and  lower mean pitch (p<0,01) in comparison to the control group. They also had higher perturbation measures and lower frequencies of the second and third formant. After surgery there were no differences perceptually. Perturbation measures decreased but were still higher compared to the control group’s, p<0, 05. Differences in formant frequencies for /i/ and /u/ remained. No differences were found between the two surgical methods.

    Conclusion: Voice quality is affected perceptually and acoustically by adenotonsillar hypertrophy. After surgery the voice is perceptually normalized but acoustic differences remain. Outcome was equal for both surgical methods.

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  • 44.
    Lundeborg, Inger
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Speech and Language Pathology. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Ericsson, Elisabeth
    Linköping University, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Nursing Science. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Sinnescentrum, Department of ENT - Head and Neck Surgery UHL. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Sinnescentrum, Department of Anaesthesiology and Surgery UHL.
    Different techniques of pediatric tonsil surgery - Effects on oral motor function, speech and language behavior and quality of life2011Conference paper (Refereed)
  • 45.
    Lundeborg, Inger
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Speech and Language Pathology . Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    McAllister, Anita
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Speech and Language Pathology . Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Reconstruction Centre, Department of ENT - Head and Neck Surgery UHL.
    Graf, Jonas
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Oto-Rhiono-Laryngology and Head & Neck Surgery . Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Ericsson, Elisabeth
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Oto-Rhiono-Laryngology and Head & Neck Surgery . Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Reconstruction Centre, Department of ENT - Head and Neck Surgery UHL.
    Hultcrantz, Elisabeth
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Oto-Rhiono-Laryngology and Head & Neck Surgery . Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Reconstruction Centre, Department of ENT - Head and Neck Surgery UHL.
    Oral motor dysfunction in children with adenotonsillar hypertrophy-effects of surgery2009In: Logopedics, Phoniatrics, Vocology, ISSN 1401-5439, E-ISSN 1651-2022, Vol. 34, no 3, p. 111-116Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Adenotonsillar hypertrophy is associated with a wide range of problems. The enlargement causes obstructive symptoms and affects different functions such as chewing, swallowing, articulation, and voice. The objective of this study was to assess oral motor function in children with adenotonsillar hypertrophy using Nordic Orofacial Test-Screening (NOT-S) before and 6 months after surgery consisting of adenoidectomy combined with total or partial tonsil removal. A total of 67 children were assigned to either tonsillectomy (n=33) or partial tonsillectomy, 'tonsillotomy' (n=34); 76 controls were assessed with NOT-S and divided into a younger and older age group to match pre- and post-operated children. Most children in the study groups had oral motor problems prior to surgery including snoring, open mouth position, drooling, masticatory, and swallowing problems. Post-surgery oral motor function was equal to controls. Improvement was independent of surgery method.

  • 46.
    Lundeborg, Inger
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Speech and Language Pathology . Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    McAllister, Anita
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Speech and Language Pathology . Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Reconstruction Centre, Department of ENT - Head and Neck Surgery UHL.
    Samuelsson, Christina
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Speech and Language Pathology . Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Ericsson, Elisabeth
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Oto-Rhiono-Laryngology and Head & Neck Surgery . Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Reconstruction Centre, Department of ENT - Head and Neck Surgery UHL.
    Hultcrantz, Elisabeth
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Oto-Rhiono-Laryngology and Head & Neck Surgery . Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Reconstruction Centre, Department of ENT - Head and Neck Surgery UHL.
    Phonological development in children with obstructive sleep-disordered breathing2009In: Clinical Linguistics & Phonetics, ISSN 0269-9206, E-ISSN 1464-5076, Vol. 23, no 10, p. 751-61Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Adeno-tonsillar hypertrophy with obstructive sleep disordered breathing (OSDB) is known to affect oral-motor function, behaviour, and academic performance. Adeno-tonsillectomy is the most frequently performed operation in children, with total tonsillectomy (TE) being more common than partial resection, 'tonsillotomy' (TT). In the present study 67 children, aged 50-65 months, with OSBD were randomized to TE or TT. The children's phonology was assessed pre-operatively and 6 months post-operatively. Two groups of children served as controls. Phonology was affected in 62.7% of OSBD children before surgery, compared to 34% in the control group (p < .001). Also, OSBD children had more severe phonological deficits than the controls (p < .001). Phonology improved 6 months equally after both surgeries. Despite improvement post-operatively, the gap to the controls increased. Other functional aspects, such as oral motor function, were normalized regardless of surgical method--TE or TT. The impact of OSBD should be considered as one contributing factor in phonological impairment.

  • 47.
    Nilsson, Lena
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Anesthesiology. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Anaesthetics, Operations and Specialty Surgery Center, Department of Anaesthesiology and Surgery.
    Pihl, A.
    Linköping University, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Nursing Science. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Anaesthetics, Operations and Specialty Surgery Center, Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care in Norrköping.
    Tågsjö, M
    Linköping University, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Nursing Science. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Anaesthetics, Operations and Specialty Surgery Center, Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care in Norrköping.
    Ericsson, Elisabeth
    Linköping University, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Nursing Science. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Anaesthetics, Operations and Specialty Surgery Center, Department of Anaesthesiology and Surgery.
    Adverse events are common on the intensive care unit: results from a structured record review2012In: Acta Anaesthesiologica Scandinavica, ISSN 0001-5172, E-ISSN 1399-6576, Vol. 56, no 8, p. 959-965Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    BACKGROUND:

    Intensive care is advanced and highly technical, and it is essential that, despite this, patient care remains safe and of high quality. Adverse events (AEs) are supposed to be reported to internal quality control systems by health-care providers, but many are never reported. Patients on the intensive care unit (ICU) are at special risk for AEs. Our aim was to identify the incidence and characteristics of AEs in patients who died on the ICUduring a 2-year period.

    METHODS:

    A structured record review according to the Global Trigger Tool (GTT) was used to review charts from patients cared for at the ICU of a middle-sized Swedish hospital during 2007 and 2008 and who died during or immediately after ICU care. All identified AEs were scored according to severity and preventability.

    RESULTS:

    We reviewed 128 records, and 41 different AEs were identified in 25 patients (19.5%). Health care-associated infections, hypoglycaemia, pressure sores and procedural complications were the most common harmful events. Twenty two (54%) of the AEs were classified as being avoidable. Two of the 41AEs were reported as complications according to the Swedish Intensive Care Registry, and one AE had been reported in the internal AE-reporting system.

    CONCLUSION:

    Almost one fifth of the patients who died on the ICU were subjected to harmful events. GTT has the advantage of identifying more patient injuries caused by AEs than the traditional AE-reporting systems used on many ICUs.

  • 48. Palm, Claes
    et al.
    Can, Zerif
    Ericsson, Elisabeth
    Linköping University, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Division of Nursing Science. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Anaesthetics, Operations and Specialty Surgery Center, Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care in Linköping.
    Betydelsen av simuleringsövning för intensivvårdspersonal för att bemästra kritiska situationer2013Conference paper (Refereed)
  • 49.
    Proczkowska Björklund, Marie
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Gimbler Berglund, Ingalill
    School of Health Sciences, Jönköping.
    Ericsson, Elisabeth
    Linköping University, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Nursing Science. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Sinnescentrum, Department of ENT - Head and Neck Surgery UHL.
    Reliability and validity of the Swedish version of the modified Yale Preoperative Anxiety Scale2012In: Acta Anaesthesiologica Scandinavica, ISSN 0001-5172, E-ISSN 1399-6576, Vol. 56, no 4, p. 491-497Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Background: The modified Yale Preoperative Anxiety Scale (m-YPAS) is an observational behavioral checklist that has been widely used as an indicator of pre-operative anxiety in children. The present study describes the translation process of m-YPAS into Swedish and the testing of its reliability and validity when used with Swedish children. less thanbrgreater than less thanbrgreater thanMethods: The questionnaire was translated using standard forward-back-forward translation technique. The validation process was divided into two phases: a pilot study with 61 children as a first version and a test of a final version with 102 children. less thanbrgreater than less thanbrgreater thanResults: The reliability tested with Cronbachs alpha was acceptable to good. Interrater reliability analyzed with weighted kappa was acceptable to good with Students Registered Nurse Anesthetists and Certified Registered Nurse Anesthetist (CRNA) as evaluators (phase 1) and good to excellent with CRNAs very experienced in child anesthesia (phase 2). Both concurrent and constructed validity could be demonstrated. less thanbrgreater than less thanbrgreater thanConclusion: This validation study of the Swedish version of the m- YPAS shows good consistency, interrater validity, and construct validity when used by experienced assessors.

  • 50.
    Stalfors, J.
    et al.
    Sahlgrenska Universitetssjukhuset, Göteborg.
    Ericsson, Elisabeth
    Linköping University, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Nursing Science. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Sinnescentrum, Department of ENT - Head and Neck Surgery UHL. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Sinnescentrum, Department of Anaesthesiology and Surgery UHL.
    Hemlin, C.
    Aleris Sabbatsberg, Stockholm.
    Hessén-Söderman, A-C
    Karolinska Universitetssjukhuset, Solna.
    Hultcrantz, Elisabeth
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Oto-Rhiono-Laryngology and Head & Neck Surgery. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Sinnescentrum, Department of ENT - Head and Neck Surgery UHL.
    Roos, K.
    Lundby Sjukhus, Göteborg.
    Sunnergren, Ola
    Länssjukhuset Ryhov, Jönköping.
    Årsrapport av kvalitetsregisterdata för tonsilloperation2011Conference paper (Refereed)
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