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  • 1.
    Bydén, Moa
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Division of Diagnostics and Specialist Medicine. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Region Östergötland, Heart Center, Department of Clinical Physiology in Linköping.
    Segernäs Kvitting, Anna
    Linköping University, Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Division of Prevention, Rehabilitation and Community Medicine. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Region Östergötland, Primary Care Center, Primary Health Care Center Ekholmen.
    Thulesius, Hans
    Lund Univ, Sweden; Linnaeus Univ, Sweden.
    Vanky, Farkas
    Linköping University, Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Division of Diagnostics and Specialist Medicine. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Region Östergötland, Heart Center, Department of Thoracic and Vascular Surgery.
    Ahlgren, Eva
    Linköping University, Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Region Östergötland, Heart Center, Department of Thoracic and Vascular Surgery.
    Skoog, Johan
    Linköping University, Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Division of Diagnostics and Specialist Medicine. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Region Östergötland, Heart Center, Department of Clinical Physiology in Linköping.
    Zachrisson, Helene
    Linköping University, Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Division of Diagnostics and Specialist Medicine. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Region Östergötland, Heart Center, Department of Clinical Physiology in Linköping.
    Cerebrovascular Reserve Capacity as a Predictor of Postoperative Delirium: A Pilot Study2021In: Frontiers in Surgery, E-ISSN 2296-875X, Vol. 8, article id 658849Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Introduction: Postoperative delirium is a common complication after cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). Compromised regulation of the cerebral circulation may be a predisposing factor for delirium. However, the potential relationship between cerebrovascular reserve capacity and delirium is unknown. The aim of this study was to investigate if impaired cerebrovascular reserve capacity was associated with postoperative delirium.Methods: Forty-two patients scheduled for cardiac surgery with CPB were recruited consecutively. All patients underwent preoperative transcranial Doppler (TCD) ultrasound with calculation of breath-hold index (BHI). BHI < 0.69 indicated impaired cerebrovascular reserve capacity. In addition, patients were examined with preoperative neuropsychological tests such as MMSE (Mini Mental State Examination) and AQT (A Quick Test of cognitive speed). Postoperative delirium was assessed using Nursing Delirium Screening Scale (Nu-DESC) in which a score of >= 2 was considered as delirium.Results: Six patients (14%) scored high for postoperative delirium and all demonstrated impaired preoperative cerebrovascular reserve capacity. Median (25th-75th percentile) BHI in patients with postoperative delirium was significantly lower compared to the non-delirium group [0.26 (-0.08-0.44) vs. 0.83 (0.57-1.08), p = 0.002]. Preoperative MMSE score was lower in patients who developed postoperative delirium (median, 25th-75th percentile; 26.5, 24-28 vs. 28.5, 27-29, p = 0.024). Similarly, patients with postoperative delirium also displayed a slower performance during the preoperative cognitive speed test AQT color and form (mean +/- SD; 85.8 s +/- 19.3 vs. 69.6 s +/- 15.8, p = 0.043).Conclusion: The present findings suggest that an extended preoperative ultrasound protocol with TCD evaluation of cerebrovascular reserve capacity and neuropsychological tests may be valuable in identifying patients with increased risk of developing delirium after cardiac surgery.

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  • 2.
    Lindenberger, Marcus
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Region Östergötland, Heart and Medicine Center, Department of Cardiology in Linköping.
    Fedorowski, Arthur
    Lund Univ, Sweden; Sickle Univ Hosp, Sweden.
    Melander, Olle
    Lund Univ, Sweden.
    Gallo, Widet
    Lund Univ, Sweden.
    Engvall, Jan
    Linköping University, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Region Östergötland, Heart and Medicine Center, Department of Clinical Physiology in Linköping.
    Skoog, Johan
    Linköping University, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences.
    Cardiovascular biomarkers and echocardiographic findings at rest and during graded hypovolemic stress in women with recurrent vasovagal syncope2019In: Cardiovascular Electrophysiology, ISSN 1045-3873, E-ISSN 1540-8167, Vol. 30, no 12, p. 2936-2943Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Introduction Vasovagal reflex is the most common type of syncope but its etiology is not fully elucidated. Venous return and cardiac output are key in hemodynamic control. The aim of the study was to assess cardiovascular biomarkers and echocardiographic measures at rest and during hypovolemia in women with and without a history of vasovagal syncope. Methods Fourteen women (aged 18-30) suffering from recurrent vasovagal syncope and 15 age-matched healthy women were included. Graded lower body negative pressure (LBNP) was used to create central hypovolemic stress until signs of presyncope occurred. Echocardiography was applied at rest and throughout LBNP. Cardiovascular biomarkers: copeptin, mid-regional proadrenomedullin, mid-regional pro-ANP, C-terminal proendothelin-1, and plasma norepinephrine were measured both at rest and throughout graded hypovolemia to presyncope. Results Women prone to vasovagal syncope presented with a narrower right ventricle (RV) (29 +/- 1 vs 32 +/- 1 mm, P amp;lt; .05), smaller left atrium (36 +/- 2 vs 47 +/- 3 cm(3), P amp;lt; .01) and lower cardiac output at rest (3.1 +/- 0.2 vs 3.7 +/- 0.2 L/min, P amp;lt; .05) and during graded hypovolemia (P amp;lt; .05). Copeptin was elevated at rest (4.3 +/- 0.8 vs 2.5 +/- 0.2 pmol/L, P amp;lt; .05) and increased more in women with vasovagal syncope during progression of LBNP (P amp;lt; .01). At rest, lower C-terminal proendothelin-1 (35 +/- 5 vs 46 +/- 2 pmol/L, P amp;lt; .05) and higher norepinephrine levels (1.1 +/- 0.1 vs 0.8 +/- 0.1 nmol/L, P amp;lt; .01) were seen in women with vasovagal syncope. Conclusion Women prone to vasovagal syncope demonstrate reduced cardiac preload, lower cardiac output, as well as increased release of vasopressin in rest and during hypovolemic challenge. The results emphasize the importance of venous return and cardiac output in the pathogenesis of vasovagal syncope.

  • 3.
    Nelzén, Oskar
    et al.
    Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Linköping University, Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Division of Diagnostics and Specialist Medicine. Region Östergötland, Heart Center, Department of Thoracic and Vascular Surgery.
    Skoog, Johan
    Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Linköping University, Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Division of Diagnostics and Specialist Medicine. Region Östergötland, Heart Center, Department of Clinical Physiology in Linköping.
    Bernfort, Lars
    Linköping University, Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Division of Society and Health. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences.
    Zachrisson, Helene
    Linköping University, Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Division of Diagnostics and Specialist Medicine. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Region Östergötland, Heart Center, Department of Clinical Physiology in Linköping.
    Short Term Cost Effectiveness of Radiofrequency Ablation and High Ligation and Stripping for Great Saphenous Vein Incompetence2024In: European Journal of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, ISSN 1078-5884, E-ISSN 1532-2165Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Objective: Superficial venous incompetence (SVI) is a common disease that causes significant quality of life (QoL) impairment. There is a need for more health economic evaluations of SVI treatment. The aim of this study was to perform a cost effectiveness analysis in patients with great saphenous vein (GSV) incompetence comparing radiofrequency ablation (RFA), high ligation and stripping (HL/S), and no treatment or conservative treatment with one year follow up.

    Methods: Randomised controlled trial economic analysis from an ongoing trial; 143 patients (156 limbs) with GSV incompetence (C in CEAP 2 - 6) were included. Treatment was performed with RFA or HL/S. Follow up was performed up to one year using duplex ultrasound, revised venous clinical severity score (r-VCSS), Aberdeen Varicose Vein Questionnaire (AVVQ), and EuroQol-5D-3L (EQ-5D-3L).

    Results: Seventy-eight limbs were treated with RFA and HL/S respectively. No treatment or conservative treatment was assumed to have zero in treatment cost and no treatment benefit. In the RFA group, one limb had reflux in the GSV after one month and three limbs after one year. In HL/S, two limbs had remaining reflux in the treated area at one month and one year. Both disease severity (r-VCSS, p = .004) and QoL (AVVQ, p = .021 and EQ-5D-3L, p = .028) were significantly improved over time. The QALY gain was 0.21 for RFA and 0.17 for HL/S. The cost per patient was calculated as €1 292 for RFA and €2 303 for HL/S. The cost per QALY (compared with no treatment or conservative treatment) was €6 155 for RFA and €13 549 for HL/S. With added cost for days absent from work the cost per QALY was €7 358 for RFA and €24 197 for HL/S. The cost per QALY for both methods was well below the threshold suggested by Swedish National Board of Health.

    Conclusion: RFA is more cost effective than HL/S and no treatment or conservative treatment at one year follow up.

  • 4.
    Nelzén, Oskar
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Region Östergötland, Heart and Medicine Center, Department of Thoracic and Vascular Surgery.
    Skoog, Johan
    Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Linköping University, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine.
    Länne, Toste
    Region Östergötland, Heart and Medicine Center, Department of Thoracic and Vascular Surgery. Linköping University, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences.
    Zachrisson, Helene
    Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Region Östergötland, Heart and Medicine Center, Department of Clinical Physiology in Linköping. Linköping University, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine.
    Prediction of Post-interventional Outcome in Great Saphenous Vein Incompetence: The Role of Venous Plethysmography with Selective Superficial Vein Occlusion2016In: European Journal of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, ISSN 1078-5884, E-ISSN 1532-2165, Vol. 52, no 3, p. 377-384Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Objective/Background

    To evaluate whether the outcome of radiofrequency ablation (RFA) treatment of great saphenous vein (GSV) incompetence may be predicted using strain-gauge plethysmography (SGP) with selective occlusion of the superficial venous system.

    Methods

    Seventeen patients (20 limbs) underwent endovenous RFA treatment for GSV incompetence (Clinical Etiology Anatomy Pathophysiology classification C2–C5; “C-group”). Duplex ultrasound (DUS) and SGP were performed with selective occlusion of superficial veins before and after RFA. Selective superficial occlusion was validated, in a control group (C-group) of 12 patients (14 legs), by ascending phlebography. In the RFA group, the time taken to reach 50% and 90% (T50, T90) of maximum venous volume was measured, as well as relative maximal reflux rates (%EV/min). The methodological error and coefficient of variation (CV) were assessed.

    Results

    Nineteen of 20 legs had complete post-operative GSV obliteration using DUS, and refilling times were improved after RFA (T50 11 ± 3 vs. 19 ± 3 s; p < .001; T90 27 ± 5 vs. 47 ± 6 s; p < .001). With SGP, the methodological error and CV for T50 were 4 s and 16%, respectively. Equivalence between pre-operative superficial occlusion and post-operative baseline measurements was achieved in 15 of 17 legs for T50, and 12 of 17 for T90 (three of the 20 legs were excluded due to treatment failure [n = 1], and untreated perforating veins [n = 2]). Mean differences (95% confidence interval) were within the equivalence ranges (T50 1 [–1 to 3] seconds; T90 –3 [–11 to 4] seconds). In the C-group superficial vein occlusion was possible in 12 of 14 legs. The remaining patient (two legs) showed incomplete superficial vein occlusion at ankle level (lipodermatosclerosis) and complete superficial vein occlusion at calf level.

    Conclusion

    SGP with standardized superficial venous occlusion seems to be a reliable method for identifying venous reflux and may be useful in predicting the results of successful RFA treatment.

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  • 5.
    Nelzén, Oskar
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Region Östergötland, Heart and Medicine Center, Department of Thoracic and Vascular Surgery.
    Skoog, Johan
    Linköping University, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences.
    Länne, Toste
    Linköping University, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine. Region Östergötland, Heart and Medicine Center, Department of Thoracic and Vascular Surgery. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences.
    Zachrisson, Helene
    Linköping University, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Region Östergötland, Heart and Medicine Center, Department of Clinical Physiology in Linköping.
    Residual reflux despite technical successful treatment of Great Saphenous Vein Incompetence?2018In: Charing Cross Venous Workshop strain gauge plethysmography 2018, 2018Conference paper (Other academic)
  • 6.
    Nelzén, Oskar
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Division of Diagnostics and Specialist Medicine. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Region Östergötland, Heart Center, Department of Thoracic and Vascular Surgery.
    Skoog, Johan
    Linköping University, Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Division of Diagnostics and Specialist Medicine. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Region Östergötland, Heart Center, Department of Clinical Physiology in Linköping.
    Zachrisson, Helene
    Linköping University, Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Division of Diagnostics and Specialist Medicine. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Region Östergötland, Heart Center, Department of Clinical Physiology in Linköping.
    Relationship between clinical severity and hemodynamic impact of great saphenous vein incompetence using strain gauge plethysmography and duplex ultrasound2022In: Phlebology, ISSN 0268-3555, E-ISSN 1758-1125, Vol. 37, no 8, p. 579-587Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Objectives To evaluate the relation of quantitative Duplex ultrasound (DUS) and strain gauge plethysmography (SGP) parameters with clinical severity and quality of life in patients with superficial venous incompetence.

    Methods DUS volume flow and distal SGP refilling times (T-50 and T-90) were evaluated in 152 patients (164 Limbs) with superficial incompetence. Clinical severity and quality of life were evaluated with C of the CEAP classification, venous clinical severity score (VCSS), Aberdeen varicose vein questionnaire (AVVQ), and EuroQol 5D-3L.

    Results Higher DUS volume flow was associated with higher C in CEAP scores. Volume flow was also related to T-50 and T-90. Shorter T-50 and T-90 were associated with higher C in CEAP and VCSS. T-50 was also associated with EQ-5DVAS. Reflux extension to the foot wase associated with shorter T-50 and T-90 and higher DUS volume flow.

    Conclusions DUS volume flow and SGP refilling times are related with clinical severity and provide quantitative information regarding venous function in patients with superficial incompetence.

  • 7.
    Nelzén, Oskar
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Division of Diagnostics and Specialist Medicine. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Region Östergötland, Heart Center, Department of Thoracic and Vascular Surgery.
    Skoog, Johan
    Linköping University, Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Division of Diagnostics and Specialist Medicine. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Region Östergötland, Heart Center, Department of Clinical Physiology in Linköping.
    Öster, Malin
    Linköping University, Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Region Östergötland, Heart Center, Department of Thoracic and Vascular Surgery.
    Zachrisson, Helene
    Linköping University, Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Division of Diagnostics and Specialist Medicine. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Region Östergötland, Heart Center, Department of Clinical Physiology in Linköping.
    Impact on venous haemodynamics after treatment of great saphenous vein incompetence using plethysmography and duplex ultrasound2020In: Phlebology, ISSN 0268-3555, E-ISSN 1758-1125, Vol. 35, no 7, p. 495-504Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Objectives

    To evaluate postoperative venous haemodynamics and quality of life after treatment of great saphenous vein (GSV) incompetence.

    Methods

    Radiofrequency ablation and high ligation and stripping were performed in 62 patients (65 limbs) and 58 (65 limbs), respectively. Phlebectomies were performed in both modalities. Strain-gauge plethysmography on the foot combined with superficial venous occlusion was used to measure refilling time after knee bends. Strain-gauge plethysmography, duplex ultrasound and quality of life were assessed before and one month after treatment.

    Results

    Duplex ultrasound displayed successful intervention in all but two limbs. Refilling time increased similar in radiofrequency ablation and high ligation and stripping after treatment (p < 0.001). Postoperatively, strain-gauge plethysmography detected remaining reflux in 71% of the patients. Multivariate analysis showed that two or more incompetent calf branches were associated with remaining reflux (OR 4.82 (95% CI: 1.33–17.5), p = 0.02). No difference in quality of life was seen in patients with remaining reflux.

    Conclusions

    Despite successful treatment, a majority of the limbs showed remaining reflux, in which incompetent calf branches appear to play an important role.

    Clinicaltials.gov: Lower Limb Venous Insufficiency and the Effect of Radiofrequency Treatment Versus Open Surgery. Nr: NCT02397226

  • 8.
    Rein-Hedin, Erik
    et al.
    CTC Clin Trial Consultants AB, Sweden; Uppsala Univ, Sweden.
    Sjöberg, Folke
    Linköping University, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Division of Surgery, Orthopedics and Oncology. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Region Östergötland, Anaesthetics, Operations and Specialty Surgery Center, Department of Hand and Plastic Surgery. CTC Clin Trial Consultants AB, Sweden.
    Ganslandt, Cecilia
    Vicore Pharm AB, Sweden.
    Skoog, Johan
    Linköping University, Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Division of Diagnostics and Specialist Medicine. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Region Östergötland, Heart Center, Department of Clinical Physiology in Linköping.
    Zachrisson, Helene
    Linköping University, Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Division of Diagnostics and Specialist Medicine. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Region Östergötland, Heart Center, Department of Clinical Physiology in Linköping.
    Bengtsson, Thomas
    StatMind AB, Sweden.
    Dalsgaard, Carl-Johan
    Vicore Pharm AB, Sweden.
    Utilizing venous occlusion plethysmography to assess vascular effects: A study with buloxibutid, an angiotensin II type 2 receptor agonist2024In: Clinical and Translational Science, ISSN 1752-8054, E-ISSN 1752-8062, Vol. 17, no 2, article id e13735Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Buloxibutid (also known as C21) is a potent and selective angiotensin II type 2 receptor (AT2R) agonist, in development for oral treatment of fibrotic lung disease. This phase I, open-label, pharmacodynamic study investigated vascular effects of buloxibutid in five healthy male volunteers. Subjects were administered intra-arterial infusions of buloxibutid for 5 min in ascending doses of 3, 10, 30, 100, and 200 mu g/min, infused sequentially in the forearm. Infusions of sodium nitroprusside (SNP) solution in doses of 0.8-3.2 mu g/min were administered as a positive control. Forearm blood flow (FBF) was measured by venous occlusion plethysmography. Safety and tolerability of intra-arterial administrations of buloxibutid were evaluated. Following infusion of buloxibutid in doses of 3-200 mu g/min, the range of increase in FBF was 27.8%, 17.2%, 37.0%, 28.5%, and 60.5%, compared to the respective baseline. The largest increase was observed in the highest dose group. Infusions of SNP as a positive control, increased FBF 230-320% compared to baseline. Three adverse events (AEs) of mild intensity, not related to buloxibutid or SNP, were reported for two subjects. Two of these AEs were related to study procedures. There were no clinically relevant changes in arterial blood pressure during the study period. Intra-arterial infusion of buloxibutid in low, ascending doses increased FBF, indicating that buloxibutid may be effective in conditions associated with endothelial dysfunction. Venous occlusion plethysmography was found to be a useful method to explore pharmacodynamic vascular effects of novel AT2R agonists, while avoiding systemic adverse effects.

  • 9.
    Segernäs Kvitting, Anna
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Division of Prevention, Rehabilitation and Community Medicine. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Region Östergötland, Primary Care Center, Primary Health Care Center Ekholmen.
    Skoog, Johan
    Linköping University, Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Division of Diagnostics and Specialist Medicine. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Region Östergötland, Heart Center, Department of Clinical Physiology in Linköping.
    Andersson Ahlgren, Eva
    Linköping University, Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Region Östergötland, Heart Center, Department of Thoracic and Vascular Surgery.
    Österberg, Sofia Almerud
    Linnaeus Univ, Sweden; Reg Kronoberg, Sweden.
    Thulesius, Hans
    Lund Univ, Sweden; Linnaeus Univ, Sweden.
    Zachrisson, Helene
    Linköping University, Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Division of Diagnostics and Specialist Medicine. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Region Östergötland, Heart Center, Department of Clinical Physiology in Linköping.
    Prediction of Postoperative Delirium After Cardiac Surgery with A Quick Test of Cognitive Speed, Mini-Mental State Examination and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale2022In: Clinical Interventions in Aging, ISSN 1176-9092, E-ISSN 1178-1998, Vol. 17, p. 359-368Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Purpose: To evaluate if preoperative assessment with A Quick Test of Cognitive Speed (AQT) could increase the accuracy of predicting delirium after cardiac surgery compared to Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), and examine if a composite of variables, including cognitive function and depressive symptoms, could be useful to predict delirium. Patients and Methods: Cardiac surgery was performed in 218 patients (mean age 72 years). Preoperative evaluation involved AQT, MMSE and Hospital Anxiety And Depression Scale (HADS). Postoperative delirium was assessed using Nursing Delirium Screening Scale (Nu-DESC) and Confusion Assessment Method-ICU (CAM-ICU). Logistic regression was performed to detect predictors of postoperative delirium and receiver operator characteristic curves (ROC) with area under the curve (AUC) to determine the accuracy. Results: Postoperative delirium occurred in 47 patients (22%) who had lower MMSE scores (median (range), 27 (19-30) vs 28 (20- 30), p=0.009) and slower AQT (median (range), 76 (48-181) vs 70 (40-182) seconds, p=0.030) than patients without delirium. Predictive power measured as AUC (95% CI) was 0.605 (0.51-0.70) for AQT and 0.623 (0.53-0.72) for MMSE. Logistic regression (OR, 95% CI) showed MMSE 27 points (2.72, 1.27-5.86), AQT 70 sec (2.26, 1.03-4.95), HADS-D &gt;4 points (2.60, 1.21-5.58) and longer cardiopulmonary bypass-time (1.007, 1.002-1.013) to be associated with postoperative delirium. Combining these parameters yielded an AUC of 0.736 (0.65-0.82). Conclusion: The ability of predicting delirium using AQT was similar to MMSE, and only slightly higher by combining AQT and MMSE. Adding HADS-D and cardiopulmonary bypass-time to MMSE and AQT increased the predictive power to a borderline acceptable discriminatory value. Preoperative cognitive tests and screening for depressive symptoms may help identify patients at risk of postoperative delirium. Yet, there is still a need to establish useful preoperative tests.

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  • 10. Order onlineBuy this publication >>
    Skoog, Johan
    Linköping University, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences.
    Cardiovascular regulation in women with vasovagal syncope: With special reference to the venous system2016Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    Although vasovagal syncope (VVS) is a common clinical condition the mechanisms behind VVS remain elusive. Upright posture is the major trigger of VVS and lower limb blood pooling affecting cardiac output has been proposed as a major determinant. The overall aim of this thesis was twofold. First, to develop new methodology for calculating limb venous compliance. Second, to study lower limb venous volume load and cardiovascular responses during hypovolemic circulatory stress caused by lower body negative pressure (LBNP) in healthy women and women with VVS, emphasizing compensatory mechanisms to maintain central blood volume.

    Net fluid filtration was associated with an underestimation ofvenous compliance. This could be accounted for with a correctionmodel. Further, a new venous wall model made it possible to adopt thevenous pressure-volume curve through the entire pressure range andthus provide a valid characterization of venous compliance.

    Calf blood pooling was similar between the groups and was not associated with tolerance to hypovolemic circulatory stress. Venous compliance was reduced at low venous pressures in VVS and correlated with decreased tolerance to circulatory stress. VVS women displayed attenuated sympathetic vasoconstrictor responses during graded circulatory stress, and mobilization of arm capacitance blood as well as capillary fluid absorption from extra- to intravascular space were reduced. Accordingly, more pronounced reductions in cardiac output were found in VVS. Thus, reduced compensatory mechanisms to maintain cardiac output could contribute to the pathogenesis oforthostatic VVS.

    In healthy women, rapid pooling in the lower limb was associated with higher tolerance to circulatory stress and more efficient cardiovascular responses, in part due to speed-dependent baroreflex-mediated sympathetic activation. In VVS however, rapid lower limb blood pooling was associated with lower tolerance and deficient cardiovascular responses. No speed-dependent baroreflexmediated sympathetic activation was found in VVS, indicating welldefined differences in cardiovascular regulation already in the initial responses to orthostatic stress.

    List of papers
    1. Calf venous compliance measured by venous occlusion plethysmography: methodological aspects.
    Open this publication in new window or tab >>Calf venous compliance measured by venous occlusion plethysmography: methodological aspects.
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    2015 (English)In: European Journal of Applied Physiology, ISSN 1439-6319, E-ISSN 1439-6327, Vol. 115, no 2, p. 245-56Article in journal (Refereed) Published
    Abstract [en]

    PURPOSE: Calf venous compliance (C calf) is commonly evaluated with venous occlusion plethysmography (VOP) during a standard cuff deflation protocol. However, the technique relies on two not previously validated assumptions concerning thigh cuff pressure (P cuff) transmission and the impact of net fluid filtration (F filt) on C calf. The aim was to validate VOP in the lower limb and to develop a model to correct for F filt during VOP.

    METHODS: Strain-gauge technique was used to study calf volume changes in 15 women and 10 age-matched men. A thigh cuff was inflated to 60 mmHg for 4 and 8 min with a subsequent decrease of 1 mmHg s(-1). Intravenous pressure (P iv) was measured simultaneously. C calf was determined with the commonly used equation [Compliance = β 1 + 2β 2 × P cuff] describing the pressure-compliance relationship. A model was developed to identify and correct for F filt.

    RESULTS: Transmission of P cuff to P iv was 100 %. The decrease in P cuff correlated well with P iv reduction (r = 0.99, P < 0.001). Overall, our model showed that C calf was underestimated when F filt was not accounted for (all P < 0.01). F filt was higher in women (P < 0.01) and showed a more pronounced effect on C calf compared to men (P < 0.05). The impact of F filt was similar during 4- and 8-min VOP.

    CONCLUSIONS: P cuff is an adequate substitute for P iv in the lower limb. F filt is associated with an underestimation of C calf and differences in the effect of F filt during VOP can be accounted for with the correction model. Thus, our model seems to be a valuable tool in future studies of venous wall function.

    National Category
    Clinical Medicine
    Identifiers
    urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-113393 (URN)10.1007/s00421-014-3009-4 (DOI)000347725800003 ()25272971 (PubMedID)
    Available from: 2015-01-17 Created: 2015-01-17 Last updated: 2023-12-28
    2. Reduced venous compliance: an important determinant for orthostatic intolerance in women with vasovagal syncope
    Open this publication in new window or tab >>Reduced venous compliance: an important determinant for orthostatic intolerance in women with vasovagal syncope
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    2016 (English)In: American Journal of Physiology. Regulatory Integrative and Comparative Physiology, ISSN 0363-6119, E-ISSN 1522-1490, Vol. 310, no 3, p. R253-R261Article in journal (Refereed) Published
    Abstract [en]

    The influence of lower limb venous compliance on orthostatic vasovagal syncope (VVS) is uncertain. The most widespread technique to calculate venous compliance uses a nonphysiological quadratic regression equation. Our aim was therefore to construct a physiologically derived venous wall model (VWM) for calculation of calf venous compliance and to determine the effect of venous compliance on tolerance to maximal lower body negative pressure (LBNP). Venous occlusion plethysmography was used to study calf volume changes in 15 women with VVS (25.5 +/- 1.3 yr of age) and 15 controls (22.8 +/- 0.8 yr of age). The fit of the VWM and the regression equation to the experimentally induced pressure-volume curve was examined. Venous compliance was calculated as the derivative of the modeled pressure-volume relationship. Graded LBNP to presyncope was used to determine the LBNP tolerance index (LTI). The VWM displayed a better fit to the experimentally induced pressure-volume curve (P &lt; 0.0001). Calf blood pooling was similar in the groups and was not correlated to the LTI (r = 0.204, P = 0.30). Venous compliance was significantly reduced at low venous pressures in women with VVS (P = 0.042) and correlated to the LTI (r = 0.459, P = 0.014) in the low pressure range. No correlation was found between venous compliance at high venous pressures and the LTI. In conclusion, the new VWM accurately adopted the curvilinear pressure-volume curve, providing a valid characterization of venous compliance. Reduced venous compliance at low venous pressures may adversely affect mobilization of peripheral venous blood to the central circulation during hypovolemic circulatory stress in women with VVS.

    Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
    AMER PHYSIOLOGICAL SOC, 2016
    Keywords
    vasovagal syncope; orthostatic intolerance; venous compliance; venous capacitance
    National Category
    Clinical Medicine
    Identifiers
    urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-125296 (URN)10.1152/ajpregu.00362.2015 (DOI)000369058900005 ()26561647 (PubMedID)
    Note

    Funding Agencies|Futurum-The Academy of Health Care; Jonkoping County Council; Medical Research Council of Southeast Sweden; Heart and Lung Foundation

    Available from: 2016-02-24 Created: 2016-02-19 Last updated: 2023-12-28
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  • 11.
    Skoog, Johan
    et al.
    Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Linköping University, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine.
    Lindenberger, Marcus
    Linköping University, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Region Östergötland, Heart and Medicine Center, Department of Cardiology in Linköping.
    Ekman, Mikael
    Ekman Biomed Data, Sweden.
    Holmberg, Bengt
    Linköping University, Department of Medical and Health Sciences. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Region Östergötland, Heart and Medicine Center, Department of Clinical Physiology in Linköping.
    Zachrisson, Helene
    Linköping University, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Region Östergötland, Heart and Medicine Center, Department of Clinical Physiology in Linköping.
    Länne, Toste
    Linköping University, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Region Östergötland, Heart and Medicine Center, Department of Thoracic and Vascular Surgery.
    Reduced venous compliance: an important determinant for orthostatic intolerance in women with vasovagal syncope2016In: American Journal of Physiology. Regulatory Integrative and Comparative Physiology, ISSN 0363-6119, E-ISSN 1522-1490, Vol. 310, no 3, p. R253-R261Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The influence of lower limb venous compliance on orthostatic vasovagal syncope (VVS) is uncertain. The most widespread technique to calculate venous compliance uses a nonphysiological quadratic regression equation. Our aim was therefore to construct a physiologically derived venous wall model (VWM) for calculation of calf venous compliance and to determine the effect of venous compliance on tolerance to maximal lower body negative pressure (LBNP). Venous occlusion plethysmography was used to study calf volume changes in 15 women with VVS (25.5 +/- 1.3 yr of age) and 15 controls (22.8 +/- 0.8 yr of age). The fit of the VWM and the regression equation to the experimentally induced pressure-volume curve was examined. Venous compliance was calculated as the derivative of the modeled pressure-volume relationship. Graded LBNP to presyncope was used to determine the LBNP tolerance index (LTI). The VWM displayed a better fit to the experimentally induced pressure-volume curve (P &lt; 0.0001). Calf blood pooling was similar in the groups and was not correlated to the LTI (r = 0.204, P = 0.30). Venous compliance was significantly reduced at low venous pressures in women with VVS (P = 0.042) and correlated to the LTI (r = 0.459, P = 0.014) in the low pressure range. No correlation was found between venous compliance at high venous pressures and the LTI. In conclusion, the new VWM accurately adopted the curvilinear pressure-volume curve, providing a valid characterization of venous compliance. Reduced venous compliance at low venous pressures may adversely affect mobilization of peripheral venous blood to the central circulation during hypovolemic circulatory stress in women with VVS.

  • 12.
    Skoog, Johan
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Division of Diagnostics and Specialist Medicine. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Region Östergötland, Heart Center, Department of Clinical Physiology in Linköping.
    Nelzén, Oskar
    Linköping University, Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Division of Diagnostics and Specialist Medicine. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Region Östergötland, Heart Center, Department of Thoracic and Vascular Surgery.
    Zachrisson, Helene
    Linköping University, Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Division of Diagnostics and Specialist Medicine. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Region Östergötland, Heart Center, Department of Clinical Physiology in Linköping.
    Venous Compliance in Great Saphenous Vein Incompetence: Pre- and Post-interventional Changes2020In: EJVES Vascular Forum, ISSN 2666-688X, Vol. 47, p. 78-82Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Objective: Venous insufficiency is associated with histological changes and structural remodelling of the venous wall. The effects of these changes on global venous function remain uncertain. The aim was to evaluate venous compliance in patients with great saphenous vein (GSV) insufficiency before and after treatment by radiofrequency ablation (RFA) and in controls.

    Methods: Eleven patients (14 limbs) underwent endovenous RFA treatment for GSV incompetence. Duplex ultrasound and strain gauge plethysmography (SGP) were performed before and after RFA. SGP time (seconds) to reach 50% of maximum venous volume (T50) with and without superficial occlusion was used to assess global venous reflux. Venous occlusion plethysmography was used to evaluate pre- and post-operative calf venous compliance. Venous compliance was also assessed in 12 age and sex matched controls.

    Results: Pre-operative calf venous compliance was lower in patients than in controls (p < .001). Post-operative calf venous compliance was reduced vs. pre-operative measurements (p < .002). The pre-operative reflux parameter T50 improved from 8.0 ± 2.0 seconds to 17.3 ± 1.9 seconds (p < .001) after RFA. The post-operative T50 without superficial occlusion was similar to pre-operative T50 with superficial occlusion (17.1 ± 2.5 vs. 17.3 ± 1.9 seconds, p = .84).

    Conclusions: Calf venous compliance is reduced in patients with GSV insufficiency. Venous reflux parameters markedly improved after RFA, whereas venous compliance displayed a further reduction vs. the pre-operative state, implicating generalised changes in the lower limb venous vessel wall.Previous article in issue

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  • 13.
    Skoog, Johan
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Division of Diagnostics and Specialist Medicine. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Region Östergötland, Heart Center, Department of Clinical Physiology in Linköping.
    Shlimon, Kristian
    Linköping University, Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Division of Diagnostics and Specialist Medicine. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences.
    Bjarnegård, Niclas
    Linköping University, Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Division of Diagnostics and Specialist Medicine. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Region Östergötland, Heart Center, Department of Clinical Physiology in Linköping.
    Lindenberger, Marcus
    Linköping University, Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Division of Diagnostics and Specialist Medicine. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Region Östergötland, Heart Center, Department of Cardiology in Linköping.
    Assessment of Upper Extremity Venous Compliance in Patients With Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms2020In: European Journal of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, ISSN 1078-5884, E-ISSN 1532-2165, Vol. 60, no 5, p. 739-746Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Objective: Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is associated with morphological and functional changes in both aneurysmal and non-aneurysmal arteries. However, it remains uncertain whether similar changes also exist in the venous vasculature. The aim of this study was to evaluate global venous function in patients with AAA and controls. Methods: This experimental study comprised 31 men with AAA (mean +/- standard deviation age 70.0 +/- 2.8 years) and 29 male controls (aged 70.6 +/- 3.4 years). Venous occlusion plethysmography (VOP) was used to evaluate arm venous compliance at venous pressures between 10 and 60 mmHg in steps of 5 mmHg. Compensatory mobilisation of venous capacitance blood (capacitance response) was measured with a volumetric technique during experimental hypovolaemia induced by lower body negative pressure (LBNP). Results: The VOP induced pressure-volume curve was significantly less steep in patients with AAA (interaction, p &lt; .001), indicating lower venous compliance. Accordingly, the corresponding pressure-compliance curves displayed reduced venous compliance at lower venous pressures in patients with AAA vs. controls (interaction, p &lt; .001; AAA vs. control, p = .018). After adjusting for arterial hypertension, diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidaemia, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and smoking, VOP detected differences in venous compliance remained significant at low venous pressures, that is, at 10 mmHg (p = .008), 15 mmHg (p = .013), and 20 mmHg (p = .026). Mean venous compliance was negatively correlated with aortic diameter (r = -.332, p = .010). Mobilisation of venous capacitance response during LBNP was reduced by approximately 25% in patients with AAA (p = .030), and the redistribution of venous blood during LBNP was negatively correlated with aortic diameter (r = -.417, p = .007). Conclusion: Men with AAA demonstrated reduced venous compliance and, as a result, a lesser capacity to mobilise peripheral venous blood to the central circulation during hypovolaemic stress. These findings imply that the AAA disease may be accompanied by functional changes in the venous vascular wall.

  • 14.
    Skoog, Johan
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Division of Diagnostics and Specialist Medicine. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Region Östergötland, Heart Center, Department of Clinical Physiology in Linköping.
    Svensson, Christina
    Linköping University, Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Division of Diagnostics and Specialist Medicine. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Region Östergötland, Heart Center, Department of Clinical Physiology in Linköping.
    Eriksson, Per
    Linköping University, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Division of Inflammation and Infection. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Region Östergötland, Medicine Center, Department of Rheumatology.
    Sjöwall, Christopher
    Linköping University, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Division of Inflammation and Infection. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Region Östergötland, Medicine Center, Department of Rheumatology.
    Zachrisson, Helene
    Linköping University, Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Division of Diagnostics and Specialist Medicine. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Region Östergötland, Heart Center, Department of Clinical Physiology in Linköping.
    The Diagnostic Performance of an Extended Ultrasound Protocol in Patients With Clinically Suspected Giant Cell Arteritis2022In: Frontiers in Medicine, E-ISSN 2296-858X, Vol. 8, article id 807996Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    ObjectiveTo evaluate the diagnostic performance of an extended ultrasound protocol in patients referred under the suspicion of giant cell arteritis (GCA). MethodsConsecutive patients with suspected GCA were examined with an extended color duplex ultrasound (CDU) protocol during a period of 2 years. The extended CDU protocol included temporal, axillary, subclavian, brachiocephalic, and carotid arteries. The reference was clinically diagnosed GCA, confirmed after &gt;= 6-month follow-up. Hypo- or medium-echogenic, circumferential, homogenous wall thickening, and/or a positive compression sign in temporal arteries, were regarded as typical signs of arteritis. ResultsOf the eligible 201 patients, 83 (41%) received a clinical GCA diagnosis at follow-up &gt;= 6 months post CDU examination. Among these cases, 48 (58%) demonstrated inflammation solely in temporal arteries, 8 (10%) showed abnormalities restricted to extra-cranial vessels, and 23 (28%) patients displayed inflammatory changes in both temporal and extra-cranial arteries. Color duplex ultrasound of temporal arteries yielded a diagnostic sensitivity and specificity [95% confidence intervals (CI)] of 86% (76-92%) and 99% (95-99%), respectively. By adding axillary artery examination, the sensitivity increased to 92% (83-97%) while the specificity remained unchanged. Further, inclusion of subclavian artery marginally increased the sensitivity by 1%. Finally, by also including brachiocephalic and common carotid arteries resulted in a sensitivity of 95% (88-99%) and a specificity of 98% (94-99%). ConclusionsColor duplex ultrasound examination demonstrated a high accuracy in diagnosing patients both with cranial and extra-cranial GCA. Further examination of brachiocephalic and common carotid arteries can increase the sensitivity without affecting the specificity when temporal and axillary findings are indecisive. Finally, the extended CDU protocol allows measurement of the general burden of inflammation, which could be relevant for future monitoring purposes.

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  • 15.
    Skoog, Johan
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Heart and Medicine Center, Department of Clinical Physiology in Linköping.
    Zachrisson, Helene
    Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Linköping University, Center for Medical Image Science and Visualization (CMIV). Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Heart and Medicine Center, Department of Clinical Physiology in Linköping. Linköping University, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine.
    Lindenberger, Marcus
    Linköping University, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Region Östergötland, Heart and Medicine Center, Department of Cardiology in Linköping.
    Ekman, Mikael
    Ekman Biomed Data AB, Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Ewerman, Lea
    Linköping University, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Länne, Toste
    Linköping University, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Heart and Medicine Center, Department of Thoracic and Vascular Surgery. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Calf venous compliance measured by venous occlusion plethysmography: methodological aspects.2015In: European Journal of Applied Physiology, ISSN 1439-6319, E-ISSN 1439-6327, Vol. 115, no 2, p. 245-56Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    PURPOSE: Calf venous compliance (C calf) is commonly evaluated with venous occlusion plethysmography (VOP) during a standard cuff deflation protocol. However, the technique relies on two not previously validated assumptions concerning thigh cuff pressure (P cuff) transmission and the impact of net fluid filtration (F filt) on C calf. The aim was to validate VOP in the lower limb and to develop a model to correct for F filt during VOP.

    METHODS: Strain-gauge technique was used to study calf volume changes in 15 women and 10 age-matched men. A thigh cuff was inflated to 60 mmHg for 4 and 8 min with a subsequent decrease of 1 mmHg s(-1). Intravenous pressure (P iv) was measured simultaneously. C calf was determined with the commonly used equation [Compliance = β 1 + 2β 2 × P cuff] describing the pressure-compliance relationship. A model was developed to identify and correct for F filt.

    RESULTS: Transmission of P cuff to P iv was 100 %. The decrease in P cuff correlated well with P iv reduction (r = 0.99, P < 0.001). Overall, our model showed that C calf was underestimated when F filt was not accounted for (all P < 0.01). F filt was higher in women (P < 0.01) and showed a more pronounced effect on C calf compared to men (P < 0.05). The impact of F filt was similar during 4- and 8-min VOP.

    CONCLUSIONS: P cuff is an adequate substitute for P iv in the lower limb. F filt is associated with an underestimation of C calf and differences in the effect of F filt during VOP can be accounted for with the correction model. Thus, our model seems to be a valuable tool in future studies of venous wall function.

  • 16.
    Skoog, Johan
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences.
    Zachrisson, Helene
    Linköping University, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Region Östergötland, Heart and Medicine Center, Department of Clinical Physiology in Linköping.
    Länne, Toste
    Linköping University, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Region Östergötland, Heart and Medicine Center, Department of Thoracic and Vascular Surgery.
    Lindenberger, Marcus
    Linköping University, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Region Östergötland, Heart and Medicine Center, Department of Cardiology in Linköping.
    Reduced compensatory responses to maintain central blood volume during hypovolemic stress in women with vasovagal syncope2017In: American Journal of Physiology. Regulatory Integrative and Comparative Physiology, ISSN 0363-6119, E-ISSN 1522-1490, Vol. 312, no 1, p. R55-R61Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Although vasovagal syncope (VVS) is a common clinical condition, the underlying pathophysiology is not fully understood. A decrease in cardiac output has recently been suggested as a factor in orthostatic VVS. The aim was to investigate compensatory mechanisms to maintain central blood volume and venous return during hypovolemic stress in women with VVS. Fourteen VVS women (25.7 +/- 5.0 yr) and 15 matched controls (22.8 +/- 3.2 yr) were investigated. Single-step and graded lower body negative pressure (LBNP) to presyncope were used to create hypovolemic stress. Peripheral mobilization of venous blood from the arm (capacitance response and net capillary fluid absorption) and lower limb blood pooling (calf capacitance response) were evaluated using a volumetric technique. Cardiovascular responses and plasma norepinephrine (P-NE) were measured. Resting P-NE was elevated in VVS women (P amp;lt; 0.01). Despite a similar hypovolemic stimulus, the increase in P-NE was blunted (P amp;lt; 0.01) and the maximal percent increase in total peripheral resistance was reduced (P amp;lt; 0.05) during graded LBNP in VVS women. The arm capacitance response was slower (P amp;lt; 0.05) and reduced in VVS women at higher levels of LBNP (P amp;lt; 0.05). Capillary fluid absorption from extra-to intravascular space was reduced by similar to 40% in VVS women (P amp;lt; 0.05). Accordingly, the reduction in cardiac output was more pronounced (P amp;lt; 0.05). In conclusion, in VVS women, mobilization of peripheral venous blood and net fluid absorption from tissue to blood during hypovolemic stress were decreased partly as a result of an attenuated vasoconstrictor response. This may seriously impede maintenance of cardiac output during hypovolemic stress and could contribute to the pathogenesis of VVS.

  • 17.
    Skoog, Johan
    et al.
    Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Linköping University, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine.
    Zachrisson, Helene
    Linköping University, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Region Östergötland, Heart and Medicine Center, Department of Clinical Physiology in Linköping.
    Länne, Toste
    Linköping University, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Region Östergötland, Heart and Medicine Center, Department of Thoracic and Vascular Surgery.
    Lindenberger, Marcus
    Linköping University, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Region Östergötland, Heart and Medicine Center, Department of Cardiology in Linköping.
    Slower Lower Limb Blood Pooling Increases Orthostatic Tolerance in Women with Vasovagal Syncope2016In: Frontiers in Physiology, E-ISSN 1664-042X, Vol. 7, no 232Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Background and Aim: Slower lower limb blood pooling and associated blunted sympathetic activation has been detected in healthy women prone to orthostatic syncope. Whether these findings are true also for patients with vasovagal syncope (WS) is unknown. The aim was to investigate initial blood pooling time (pooling(time), time to 50% of total blood pooling) together with hemodynamic responses and orthostatic tolerance during lower body negative pressure (LBNP) in WS and healthy controls. Methods and Results: Fourteen WS women (25.7 +/- 1.3 years) and 15 healthy women (22.8 +/- 0.8 years) were subjected to single-step and graded LBNP to pre-syncope. Lower limb blood pooling (ml 100 ml(-1)), poolingtime (s), hemodynamic responses and LBNP-tolerance were evaluated. LBNP induced comparable lower limb blood pooling in both groups (controls, 3.1 +/- 0.3; WS, 2.9 +/- 0.3 ml 100 ml(-1), P = 0.70). In controls, shorter pooling(time) correlated to higher LBNP-tolerance (r = -0.550, P amp;lt; 0.05) as well as better maintained stroke volume (r =-0.698, P amp;lt; 0.01) and cardiac output (r = -0.563, P amp;lt; 0.05). In contrast, shorter poolingtime correlated to lower LBNP-tolerance in VVS (r = 0.821, P amp;lt; 0.001) and larger decline in stroke volume (r = 0.611, P 0.05). Furthermore, in controls, shorter poolingtime correlated to baroreflex-mediated hemodynamic changes during LBNP, e.g., increased vasoconstriction (P amp;lt; 0.001). In VVS, poolingtime was not correlated with LBNP-induced baroreceptor unloading, but rather highly correlated to resting calf blood flow (P amp;lt; 0.001). Conclusions: Shorter poolingtime seems to elicit greater sympathetic activation with a concomitant higher orthostatic tolerance in healthy women. The contrasting findings in AS indicate a deteriorated vascular sympathetic control suggesting well-defined differences already in the initial responses during orthostatic stress.

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  • 18.
    Skoog, Johan
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Division of Diagnostics and Specialist Medicine. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Region Östergötland, Heart Center, Department of Clinical Physiology in Linköping.
    Zachrisson, Helene
    Linköping University, Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Division of Diagnostics and Specialist Medicine. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Region Östergötland, Heart Center, Department of Clinical Physiology in Linköping.
    Nelzén, Oskar
    Linköping University, Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Division of Diagnostics and Specialist Medicine. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Region Östergötland, Heart Center, Department of Thoracic and Vascular Surgery.
    Quantifiable remaining reflux 1 year after treatment of superficial venous incompetence is associated with impaired clinical outcome2023In: JOURNAL OF VASCULAR SURGERY-VENOUS AND LYMPHATIC DISORDERS, ISSN 2213-333X, Vol. 11, no 6, p. 1130-1138Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Objective: Remaining symptoms after treatment of superficial venous incompetence is a common problem. Duplex ultrasound is often used during follow-up, but does not permit an overall quantification of venous function. We have developed a plethysmographic method using occlusion cuffs for separation of superficial and deep venous reflux. By assessing the superficial component it is possible to quantify a potential suboptimal hemodynamic treatment in patients with superficial venous incompetence. The aim was to examine whether patients with hemodynamically quantifiable remaining reflux after treatment experience impaired clinical outcomes.Methods: This single-center prospective cohort study evaluated 156 limbs with great saphenous vein incompetence treated with radiofrequency ablation or high ligation and stripping. Duplex ultrasound and strain-gauge plethysmog-raphy (SGP) with and without selective superficial occlusion were performed before and one-year after treatment. Time taken (seconds) to reach 50% of the venous volume (T-50) was evaluated. A difference in the T(50 )of &gt;5 seconds between postoperative strain-gauge plethysmography with and without superficial occlusion was defined as remaining reflux. The Venous Clinical Severity Score (VCSS) and Aberdeen Varicose Vein Questionnaire (AVVQ) were evaluated and compared between patients with and without remaining reflux. Multivariable logistic regression was used to evaluate risk factors for remaining plethysmographic reflux.Results: In all patients, median (25th, 75th percentile) T-50 increased preoperatively from 7 seconds (3, 12 seconds) to 17 seconds (11, 28 seconds) (P &lt; .001)1 year after treatment. The VCSS and AVVQ were reduced (VCSS, 8.0 [6.0, 10.0] vs 3.0 [1.0, 5.0] [P &lt; .001]; AVVQ, 21.8 [15.8, 32.1] vs 6.4 [2.2, 11.0] [P &lt; .001]). Of the 156 limbs, 87 (56%) demonstrated remaining reflux 1 year after treatment. Patients with remaining plethysmographic reflux displayed higher median (25th, 75th percentile) VCSS (3.0 [2.0, 5.0] vs 2.0 [1.0, 4.0]; P= .012) and AVVQ (7.5 [2.7, 14.9] vs 4.7 [1.6, 9.2]; P= .025). Multivariate logistic regression showed that higher preoperative C in the Clinical Etiology Anatomy Pathophysiology classification (CEAP) (odds ratio [OR], 2.9 [95% confidence interval [CI], 1.34-6.46), age (OR, 1.03; 95% CI, 1.001-1.065), small saphenous vein incompetence (OR, 4.2; 95% CI, 1.30-13.73) and postoperative great saphenous vein reflux below the treated area (OR, 2.16; 95% CI, 1.02-4.56) were significant risk factors for remaining plethysmographic reflux.Conclusions: A majority of treated limbs showed quantifiable reflux 1 year after intervention and these patients displayed worse patient related outcomes assessed with the VCSS and AVVQ. Remaining plethysmographic reflux was associated with preoperative small saphenous vein incompetence and reflux below the treated area as well as advanced age and higher C in CEAP.

  • 19.
    Waldreus, Nana
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Social and Welfare Studies, Division of Health, Activity and Care. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Hahn, Robert G.
    Linköping University, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Division of Drug Research. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Anaesthetics, Operations and Specialty Surgery Center, Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care in Linköping. Sodertalje Sjukhus, Sweden .
    Engvall, Jan
    Linköping University, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Heart and Medicine Center, Department of Clinical Physiology in Linköping.
    Skoog, Johan
    Linköping University, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Ewerman, Lea
    Linköping University, Department of Medical and Health Sciences. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Lindenberger, Marcus
    Linköping University, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Heart and Medicine Center, Department of Cardiology in Linköping.
    Thirst response to acute hypovolaemia in healthy women and women prone to vasovagal syncope2013In: Physiology and Behavior, ISSN 0031-9384, E-ISSN 1873-507X, Vol. 120, p. 34-39Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The present study measured self-perceived thirst and plasma angiotensin II (ATII) concentrations during graded hypovolaemic stress, induced by lower body negative pressure (LBNP), to elucidate the dependence of thirst on haemodynamics. A total of 24 women aged between 20 and 36 (mean age, 23) years rated their thirst on a visual analogue scale, graded from 0 to 100, when LBNP of 20,30 and 40 mm Hg was applied. Half of the women had a history of vasovagal syncope (VVS). The results showed that the thirst score increased three-fold when LBNP was applied, from 11 (median; 25th-75th percentiles, 9-25) to 34 (27-53; P andlt; 0.001). The women in the VVS group had twice as great an increase as those without a history of VVS (P andlt; 0.02). The plasma ATII concentration increased significantly in response to LBNP, both in the VVS group and in the control group, but the changes did not correlate with thirst. Application of LBNP decreased systolic and mean arterial pressures, cardiac output and pulse pressure (P andlt; 0.001 for all), but thirst correlated only with increase in heart rate and, independently, with reduction of mean arterial pressure. In conclusion, thirst and ATII increase in response to hypovolaemic stress, but are not statistically related. The haemodynamic parameter that was most strongly related to thirst was tachycardia.

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  • 20.
    Zachrisson, Helene
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Region Östergötland, Heart and Medicine Center, Department of Clinical Physiology in Linköping.
    Nelzén, Oskar
    Linköping University, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Region Östergötland, Heart and Medicine Center, Department of Thoracic and Vascular Surgery.
    Lassvik, Claes
    Region Östergötland, Heart and Medicine Center, Department of Clinical Physiology in Linköping. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences.
    Skoog, Johan
    Linköping University, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences.
    Estimation of Superficial Venous Reflux with Duplex Ultrasound and Foot Volumetry2019In: Juniper Online Journal of Case Studies, ISSN 2476-1370, Vol. 10, no 1, p. 1-5, article id 555776Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Objective: To evaluate quantitative duplex ultrasound (DUS) parameters of reflux in patients with isolated great saphenous vein insufficiency.

    Methods: 20 limbs were studied. DUS derived reflux time (RT, sec), peak reflux velocity (PRV, cm/s) and reflux volume flow (ml/min) were evaluated and related to expelled volume (EV, ml) and half refilling time (T50, sec) measured by water-based foot volumetry with and without compression of superficial veins.

    Results: Reflux volume flow correlated significantly to all hemodynamic parameters assessed by foot volumetry, i.e., EV (p = 0.003), ΔEV (p = 0.006), T50 (p = 0.004) and ΔT50 (p = 0.011). PRV displayed a weaker correlation to foot volumetry parameters EV (p = 0.027) and T50 (p = 0.008). No significant correlation was found between RT and foot volumetry.

    Conclusion: These results indicate that reflux volume flow may be a potential parameter in future attempts to quantify reflux using DUS in patients with isolated great saphenous vein insufficiency.

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