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  • 13601.
    Radomska, Marietta
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Thematic Studies, The Department of Gender Studies. Linköping University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences. University of Helsinki.
    Mehrabi, Tara
    Karlstad University.
    Lykke, Nina
    Linköping University, Department of Thematic Studies, The Department of Gender Studies. Linköping University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences.
    Queer Death Studies: Coming to Terms with Death, Dying and Mourning Differently. An Introduction2019In: Kvinder, Køn og Forskning, ISSN 0907-6182, E-ISSN 2245-6937, Vol. 28, no 3-4, p. 3-11Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The conventional engagements with the questions of death, dying and mourning are insufficient and reductive: they are often governed by the normative notions of the subject; interhuman and human/nonhuman bonds; family relations and communities; rituals; and finally, experiences of grief, mourning, and  bereavement.  Moreover, these engagements are often embedded in constraining beliefs in life/death divides, constructed along the lines of conventional religious and/or scientific mind/body dualisms.

    Against this background, Queer Death Studies serves as a site for ‘queering’ traditional ways of approaching death both as a subject of study and philosophical reflection, and as a phenomenon to articulate in artistic work or practices of mourning. Here, the notion of ‘queer’ conveys many meanings. It refers to researching and narrating death, dying and mourning in the context of queer bonds and communities, where the subjects involved/studied/interviewed and the relations they are involved in are recognised as ‘queer’. Simultaneously, the term ‘queer’ can also function as an adverb and a verb, referring thus to the processes of going beyond and unsettling (subverting, exceeding) binaries and given norms, normativities, and constraining conventions. In other words, ‘queer’ becomes both a process and a methodology that is applicable and exceeds the focus on gender and sexuality as its exclusive concerns.

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  • 13602.
    Radomska, Marietta
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Thematic Studies, The Department of Gender Studies. Linköping University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences.
    Mehrabi, Tara
    Karlstad University, Sweden.
    Lykke, Nina
    Linköping University, Department of Thematic Studies, The Department of Gender Studies. Linköping University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences.
    Queer Death Studies: Death, Dying and Mourning from a Queerfeminist Perspective2020In: Australian feminist studies (Print), ISSN 0816-4649, E-ISSN 1465-3303, Vol. 35, no 104, p. 81-100Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    This introduction to the Queer Death Studies special issue explores an emerging transdisciplinary field of research. This field critically, (self-)reflexively and affirmatively investigates and challenges conventional normativities, assumptions, expectations, and regimes of truths that are brought to life and made evident by current planetary scale necropolitics and its framing of death, dying and mourning in the contemporary world. It is set against the background of traditional engagements with the question of death, often grounded in Western hegemonic and normative ideas of dying, dead and mourning subjects and bodies, on the one hand; and on the other contemporary discourses on human and nonhuman death and extinction, directly linked to the environmental crisis, capitalist and post/colonial extractivist necropolitics, material and symbolic violence, oppression and inequalities, and socio-economic, political and ecological unsustainabilities. By bringing together conceptual and analytical tools grounded in feminist materialisms and feminist theorising broadly speaking, queer theory and decolonial critique, the contributions in this special issue strive to advance queerfeminist methodologies and ontological, ethical and political understandings that critically and creatively attend to the problem of death, dying and mourning in the current environmental, cultural, and socio-political contexts.

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  • 13603.
    Radomska, Marietta
    Linköping University, Department of Thematic Studies, The Department of Gender Studies.
    Queering Boundaries: On Death, the Non/Human and the Environment2017Conference paper (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    This paper is set against the backdrop of the ways in which Western philosophy and cultural imaginaries comprehend death: either – following religious (yet often secularised) tradition – as a step towards afterlife, or – in a biomedical perspective – as something to be eliminated/worked against. Such a dual thinking about death is paralleled and simultaneously fortified by a strong division and hierarchy between the human subject and its nonhuman others characteristic of Western thought. These dualisms are, nonetheless, challenged by both theory and art emergent in the context of contemporary environmental crises, global climate change and ‘the sixth great extinction’. While employing feminist Deleuzian philosophy/queer vitalism and queer eco-criticism as my theoretical ground, I focus on the following questions: how do contemporary practices of bio/eco-art that deal with death and dying influence our understanding of death? What kind of conceptual/material queering do they mobilise? And finally, what does it mean to Death Studies?

  • 13604.
    Radomska, Marietta
    Linköping University, Department of Thematic Studies, The Department of Gender Studies. Linköping University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences.
    Queer/ing Imaginaries and Arts of Eco-Grief2023Conference paper (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    “(…) the ability to mourn for the loss of other species is, in this sense, an expression of our sense of participation in and responsibility for the whole fabric of life of which we are a part.”(Burton-Christie 2011)

    In the Anthropocene, death and loss become pressing environmental concerns. Destruction of ecosystems, loss of biodiversity, war, the Covid-19 pandemic and slow environmental violence evoke feelings of anxiety and grief, manifested in science and popular-scientific communication, art, theory and environmental activism. Recognising commonly unacknowledged grief and asking ourselves what it is that we mourn may help us understand our relations to the environment, and what we choose to value, preserve or revive.

    Theoretically grounded in the transdisciplinary field of Queer Death Studies, this talk explores crisis imaginaries linked to more-than-human death, dying and extinction (both material and figurative), as well as questions of eco-grief, which the former are inherently entwined with. This is done through a close dialogue with select contemporary bio-, eco-and media artworks that mobilise and – at times – subvert the notions of and mourning the more-than-human. 

  • 13605.
    Radomska, Marietta
    Linköping University, Department of Thematic Studies, The Department of Gender Studies.
    Queering Un/Common Ecologies of Death2018Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The ecological crises – often seen as a key component of the Anthropocene - render certain habitats unliveable, leading to the death of individuals and populations. While some indicate that the notion of the Anthropocene reinforces the hegemonic position and exceptionalism of the human subject, it also becomes evident that, in this context, the stories of species extinction and nonhuman death are profoundly entangled with the histories of colonial violence and elimination of the non-normative human other.

    Whilst bioscience emphasises interdependency, commonality and relationality as crucial characteristics of life shared by all organisms, Western cultural imaginaries tend to draw a thick dividing line between human and nonhuman animals, particularly evident in the context of death. On the one hand, death appears as a process common to all forms of life; on the other, as an event that distinguishes human from other organisms. This split is paralleled by a dualistic approach to the human corpse itself: ‘dead’ matter is predominantly framed by either the secularised discourse on the sanctity and uniqueness of the dead body, or the narratives on its ‘abject’ character.

    There is a lack of sufficient theorising of the messy intimacies between materialities of human and nonhuman kind that form part of the processes of death and dying. Our cultural understandings require narratives attentive to relationalities and entanglements of the living and non-living, and human and nonhuman, which I call ‘ecologies of death’.

    By reading select contemporary eco-artworks and philosophical and scientific accounts on death in a more-than-human world through one another, this paper aims to explore and queer the ecologies and ontologies of death in the un/common world of the Anthropocene.

  • 13606.
    Myleus, Anna
    et al.
    Umea Univ, Sweden.
    Stenhammar, Lars
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of Children's and Women's health. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Region Östergötland, Center of Paediatrics and Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Department of Paediatrics in Norrköping.
    Högberg, Lotta
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of Children's and Women's health. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Region Östergötland, Center of Paediatrics and Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Department of Paediatrics in Norrköping.
    Browaldh, Lars
    Karolinska Inst, Sweden; Soder Sjukhuset, Sweden.
    Daniels, Ing-Marie
    Uppsala Univ Hosp, Sweden.
    Fagerberg, Ulrika L.
    Vastmanland Hosp, Sweden; Karolinska Inst, Sweden.
    Gudjonsdottir, Audur H.
    Sahlgrens Univ Hosp, Sweden.
    Malmquist, Marianne
    Sahlgrens Univ Hosp, Sweden.
    Sandstrom, Olof
    Umea Univ, Sweden.
    Ivarsson, Anneli
    Umea Univ, Sweden.
    Questionnaire showed that Swedish paediatric clinics complied well with the revised European guidelines for diagnosing coeliac disease2019In: Acta Paediatrica, ISSN 0803-5253, E-ISSN 1651-2227, Vol. 108, no 6, p. 1140-1143Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Aim In 2012, revised criteria for diagnosing childhood coeliac disease were published by the European Society for Paediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition and incorporated into the revised Swedish guidelines the same year. These made it possible, in certain cases, to diagnose coeliac disease without taking small bowel biopsies. This survey assessed the extent to which the new guidelines were implemented by Swedish paediatric clinics two years after their introduction. Methods In October 2014, we distributed a paper questionnaire including five questions on diagnostic routines to the 40 paediatric clinics in university or regional hospitals in Sweden that perform small bowel biopsies. Results All 36 (90%) clinics that responded used anti-tissue transglutaminase antibodies as the initial diagnostic test and some also used serological markers. Most clinics (81%) used endoscopy and took multiple duodenal biopsies, whereas only a few (19%) occasionally employed a suction capsule. Almost all clinics (86%) omitted taking small bowel biopsies in symptomatic children with repeatedly high coeliac serology and positive genotyping, thereby avoiding the need for invasive endoscopy under anaesthesia. Conclusion The 2012 Swedish Paediatric Coeliac Disease Diagnostic Guidelines had been widely accepted and implemented in routine health care two years after their introduction.

  • 13607.
    Sure, Mohan
    Linköping University, Department of Computer and Information Science, Human-Centered systems. Linköping University, The Institute of Technology.
    Questionnaires for Usability: A Systematic Literature Review2014Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (Two Years)), 20 credits / 30 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Usability testing is a method to evaluate a product. One way to measure usability is by using questionnaires. A questionnaire consists of a set of questions/statements designed to collect information from the respondent about usability, user satisfaction, knowledge, attitudes, opinions, behaviors, facts, and other information. 

    This thesis on Usability questionnaire mainly focuses on different types of usability questionnaires, their reliability and what they are supposed to measure. It gives an overall view of the usability questionnaire and discusses three research questions in detailed.

    In this thesis Kitchenham’s Systematic review is followed in the process of extraction of relevant literature on the topic.  Databases like ACM, Inspec are used to make Search queries on the topic and validation on the literature is performed using Cohen’s kappa value. Finally, data is synthesized and extracted from the databases. 

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  • 13608.
    Forsner, Maria
    et al.
    Department of Nursing, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden; Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Mörelius, Evalotte
    School of Nursing and Midwifery, Edith Cowan University, and Perth Childrens Hospital, Perth, WA, Australia.
    Hanberger, Lena
    Linköping University, Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Division of Nursing Sciences and Reproductive Health. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Region Östergötland, Center of Paediatrics and Gynaecology and Obstetrics, H.K.H. Kronprinsessan Victorias barn- och ungdomssjukhus.
    Questionnaires to Measure Process and Structure of Quality Indicators for Pediatric Nursing2021In: Pediatric quality & safety, ISSN 2472-0054, Vol. 6, no 1Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Introduction: The quality of nursing care has a significant impact on the outcomes of care. The specific needs of children requiringhospital care make it essential to monitor and compare data not only on the medically oriented outcome measure but also on nursing care, structure, and process, requiring perspectives from registered nurses (RNs) and nurse managers (NMs). Thus, this projectaimed to evaluate the structure and process of nursing quality indicators in pediatric hospital care with questionnaires distributedto RN and NM.

    Methods: We developed separate questionnaires for NMs and RNs to assess the process and structure of thequality indicators of breastfeeding, management of pain, venous access, medication management, and provision of a child-orientedenvironment. Nine NMs and 113 RNs from 9 pediatric wards answered the questionnaires.

    Result: Local guidelines were availablefor 3 out of the 5 quality indicators: pain management, venous access, and medication management. RNs reported varying levelsof adherence to pain management (62%), and venous access management (72%). Satisfaction with the conditions for safe medication management was 90%. Approximately, two-thirds (67%) of RN reported sufficient knowledge regarding the impact of thechild-oriented environment and less than half (44%) regarding how to support breastfeeding.

    Conclusion: Structure and processis a prerequisite for quality of care outcomes. This study discloses areas for quality improvement and offers instruments to comparestructure and process in pediatric nursing care to discuss with consumers, managers, staff, and other stakeholders. 

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  • 13609.
    Hasselquist, David
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Computer and Information Science.
    Lindström, Christoffer
    Linköping University, Department of Computer and Information Science.
    QUIC Behavior over Dual Connectivity: Understanding QUIC throughput and fairness2020Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (Two Years)), 20 credits / 30 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    QUIC is a relatively new transport layer network protocol that has gained popularity over the last few years. The protocol was initially developed by Google and standardization work has been continued by the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) with the goal of it becoming the next generation transport protocol. While the standardization work is not yet finished, the protocol has seen a large adoption, already covering a large portion of the internet traffic. As a new protocol, many researchers have studied QUIC and compared it to TCP in typical scenarios. However, few studies have been performed on QUIC in specific scenarios. In this thesis, we present the first performance study of QUIC over Dual Connectivity (DC). DC is a multi-connectivity technique that allows users to connect to multiple cell towers with one user equipment. It is an important lower-layer feature accelerating the transition from 4G to 5G, which is also expected to play an important role in standalone 5G networks. With DC, higher throughput and reliability can be achieved by using multiple paths simultaneously. However, the drawback of DC is that it introduces packet reordering and jitter, which can significantly impact the performance of upper-layer protocols such as TCP and QUIC.

    To study the extent of this effect, a testbed is set up to evaluate QUIC over DC. Our performance evaluation compares the throughput of QUIC over DC with that of TCP over DC, and evaluates the fairness of QUIC over DC. Using a series of throughput and fairness experiments, we show how QUIC is affected by different DC parameters, network conditions, and whether the DC implementation aims to improve throughput or reliability. Our findings provide network operators with insights into understanding the impacts of splitting QUIC traffic in a DC environment. We show the value of increasing the UDP receive buffers when running QUIC over DC and that QUIC can utilize the increased bandwidth and reliability in DC, provided that the links' characteristics are similar. We also show that with reasonably selected DC parameters and increased UDP receive buffers, QUIC over DC performs similarly to TCP over DC and achieves optimal systemwide fairness under symmetric link conditions when DC is not used for packet duplication.

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  • 13610.
    Hasselquist, David
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Computer and Information Science, Database and information techniques. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Lindström, Christoffer
    Linköping University, Department of Computer and Information Science, Database and information techniques. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Korzhitskii, Nikita
    Linköping University, Department of Computer and Information Science, Database and information techniques. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Gurtov, Andrei
    Linköping University, Department of Computer and Information Science, Database and information techniques. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Carlsson, Niklas
    Linköping University, Department of Computer and Information Science, Database and information techniques. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    QUIC Throughput and Fairness over Dual Connectivity2020In: Symposium on Modelling, Analysis, and Simulation of Computer and Telecommunication Systems (MASCOTS), Springer, 2020Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Dual Connectivity (DC) is an important lower-layer feature accelerating the transition from 4G to 5G that also is expected to play an important role in standalone 5G. However, even though the packet reordering introduced by DC can significantly impact the performance of upper-layer protocols, no prior work has studied the impact of DC on QUIC. In this paper, we present the first such performance study. Using a series of throughput and fairness experiments, we show how QUIC is affected by different DC parameters, network conditions, and whether the DC implementation aims to improve throughput or reliability. Our findings provide insights into the impacts of splitting QUIC traffic in a DC environment. With reasonably selected DC parameters and increased UDP receive buffers, QUIC over DC performs similarly to TCP over DC and achieves optimal fairness under symmetric link conditions when DC is not used for packet duplication. 

  • 13611.
    Hasselquist, David
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Computer and Information Science, Database and information techniques. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Lindstrom, Christoffer
    Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Korzhitskii, Nikita
    Linköping University, Department of Computer and Information Science, Database and information techniques. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Carlsson, Niklas
    Linköping University, Department of Computer and Information Science, Database and information techniques. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Gurtov, Andrei
    Linköping University, Department of Computer and Information Science, Database and information techniques. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    QUIC Throughput and Fairness over Dual Connectivity2022In: Computer Networks, ISSN 1389-1286, E-ISSN 1872-7069, Vol. 219Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Dual Connectivity (DC) is an important lower-layer feature accelerating the transition from 4G to 5G that also is expected to play an important role in standalone 5G radio networks. However, even though the packet reordering introduced by DC can significantly impact the performance of upper-layer protocols, no prior work has studied the impact of DC on QUIC. In this paper, we present the first such performance study. Using a series of throughput and fairness experiments, we show how QUIC is affected by different DC parameters, network conditions, and whether the DC implementation aims to improve throughput or reliability. Results for two QUIC implementations (aioquic, ngtcp2) and two congestion control algorithms (NewReno, CUBIC) are presented under both static and highly time-varying network conditions Our findings provide network operators with insights and understanding into the impacts of splitting QUIC traffic in a DC environment. With reasonably selected DC parameters and increased UDP receive buffers, QUIC over DC performs similarly to TCP over DC and achieves optimal fairness under symmetric link conditions when DC is not used for packet duplication. The insights can help network operators provide modern users with better end-to-end service when deploying DC.

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  • 13612.
    Nguyen, Minh Vu Chuong
    et al.
    University of Grenoble 1, France .
    Lardy, Bernard
    University of Grenoble 1, France .
    Rousset, Francis
    University of Grenoble 1, France .
    Hazane-Puch, Florence
    University Hospital CHU Grenoble, France .
    Zhang, Leilei
    University of Grenoble 1, France .
    Trocme, Candice
    University Hospital CHU Grenoble, France .
    Serrander, Lena
    Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Heart and Medicine Center, Department of Infectious Diseases. Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of Microbiology and Molecular Medicine. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Krause, Karl-Heinz
    Medical Faculty and University Hospital, Geneva, Switzerland.
    Morel, Francoise
    University of Grenoble 1, France .
    Quinone compounds regulate the level of ROS production by the NADPH oxidase Nox42013In: Biochemical Pharmacology, ISSN 0006-2952, E-ISSN 1356-1839, Vol. 85, no 11, p. 1644-1654Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    NADPH oxidase Nox4 is expressed in a wide range of tissues and plays a role in cellular signaling by providing reactive oxygen species (ROS) as intracellular messengers. Nox4 oxidase activity is thought to be constitutive and regulated at the transcriptional level; however, we challenge this point of view and suggest that specific quinone derivatives could modulate this activity. In fact, we demonstrated a significant stimulation of Nox4 activity by 4 quinone derivatives (AA-861, tBuBHQ tBuBQ and duroquinone) observed in 3 different cellular models, HEK293E, T-REx (TM), and chondrocyte cell lines. Our results indicate that the effect is specific toward Nox4 versus Nox2. Furthermore, we showed that NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase (NQO1) may participate in this stimulation. Interestingly, Nox4 activity is also stimulated by reducing agents that possibly act by reducing the disulfide bridge (Cys226, Cys270) located in the extracellular E-loop of Nox4. Such model of Nox4 activity regulation could provide new insight into the understanding of the molecular mechanism of the electron transfer through the enzyme, i.e., its potential redox regulation, and could also define new therapeutic targets in diseases in which quinones and Nox4 are implicated.

  • 13613.
    Assmann, Uwe
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Computer and Information Science, PELAB - Programming Environment Laboratory. Linköping University, The Institute of Technology.
    Neumann, Rainer
    Quo vadis Komponentensysteme? Von Modulen zu grauen Komponenten2003In: HMD - Praxis Wirtschaftsinform., ISSN 1436-3011, Vol. 231Article in journal (Other academic)
    Abstract [de]

    Die steigende Komplexität von Anwendungen zwingt die Forschung zur Entwicklung immer neuer Techniken zur Erstellung flexibler Bausteine, die sich leicht an sich ändernde Anforderungen anpassen lassen und zugleich mit der Größe der zu entwickelnden Systeme skalieren. Dieser Artikel stellt den Wandel von den frühen Modularisierungstechniken über objektorientierte Systeme und Komponentensystemen hin zu Aspektsystemen dar. Dabei wird gezeigt, wie sich die Sichtweisen auf Schnittstellen und das Zusammensetzen von Bausteinen ändern, wobei die Aspekte Adaption und Kopplung gegenüber dem rein funktionalen Aspekt immer mehr an Bedeutung gewinnen.

  • 13614.
    Holm, Angelika
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of Microbiology and Molecular Medicine. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Vikström, Elena
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of Microbiology and Molecular Medicine. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Quorum sensing communication between bacteria and human cells: signals, targets, and functions2014In: Frontiers in Plant Science, E-ISSN 1664-462X, Vol. 5, no 309Article, review/survey (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Both direct and long-range interactions between pathogenic Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteria and their eukaryotic hosts are important in the outcome of infections. For cell-to-cell communication, these bacteria employ the quorum sensing (QS) system to pass on information of the density of the bacterial population and collectively switch on virulence factor production, biofilm formation, and resistance development. Thus, QS allows bacteria to behave as a community to perform tasks which would be impossible for individual cells, e.g., to overcome defense and immune systems and establish infections in higher organisms. This review highlights these aspects of QS and our own recent research on how P aeruginosa communicates with human cells using the small QS signal molecules N-acyl homoserine lactones (AHL). We focus on how this conversation changes the behavior and function of neutrophils, macrophages, and epithelial cells and on how the signaling machinery in human cells responsible for the recognition of AHL. Understanding the bacteria host relationships at both cellular and molecular levels is essential for the identification of new targets and for the development of novel strategies to fight bacterial infections in the future.

  • 13615.
    Fohlin, Helena
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Division of Surgery, Orthopedics and Oncology. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Region Östergötland, Regionledningskontoret, Regional Cancer Center. Region Östergötland, Center for Surgery, Orthopaedics and Cancer Treatment, Department of Oncology.
    Bekkhus, Tove
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Region Östergötland, Center for Surgery, Orthopaedics and Cancer Treatment, Department of Oncology.
    Sandström, Josefine
    Linköping University, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Division of Surgery, Orthopedics and Oncology. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Region Östergötland, Center for Surgery, Orthopaedics and Cancer Treatment, Department of Oncology.
    Fornander, Tommy
    Karolinska Inst, Sweden.
    Nordenskjöld, Bo
    Linköping University, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Division of Surgery, Orthopedics and Oncology. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Region Östergötland, Center for Surgery, Orthopaedics and Cancer Treatment, Department of Oncology.
    Carstensen, John
    Linköping University, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Division of Health Care Analysis. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences.
    Stål, Olle
    Linköping University, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Division of Surgery, Orthopedics and Oncology. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Region Östergötland, Center for Surgery, Orthopaedics and Cancer Treatment, Department of Oncology.
    RAB6C is an independent prognostic factor of estrogen receptor-positive/progesterone receptor-negative breast cancer2020In: Oncology Letters, ISSN 1792-1074, E-ISSN 1792-1082, Vol. 19, no 1, p. 52-60Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The majority of breast cancer tumors are estrogen receptor-positive (ER+) and can be treated with endocrine therapy. However, certain patients may exhibit a good prognosis without systemic treatment. The aim of the present study was to identify novel prognostic factors for patients with ER breast cancer tumors using gene copy data, and to investigate if these factors have prognostic value in subgroups categorized by progesterone receptor status (PR). Public data, including the whole genome gene copy data of 199 systemically untreated patients with ER+ tumors, were utilized in the present study. To assess prognostic value, patients were divided into two groups using the median gene copy number as a cut-off for the SNPs that were the most variable. One SNP was identified, which indicated that the Ras-related protein Rab-6C (RAB6C) gene may exhibit prognostic significance. Therefore, RAB6C protein expression was subsequently investigated in a second independent cohort, consisting of 469 systematically untreated patients (of which 310 were ER+) who received long term follow-up. In the public data set, a distant recurrence risk reduction of 55% was determined for copy numbers above the median value of RAB6C compared with numbers below [multivariable adjusted hazard ratio (HR), 0.45; 95% CI 0.28-0.72; P=0.001)]. It was also more pronounced in the ER+/PR- subgroup (HR, 0.15; 95% CI, 0.05-0.46; P=0.001). In the second cohort, patients of the ER+/PR- subgroup who exhibited high RAB6C expression had a reduced distant recurrence risk (HR, 0.17; 95% CI, 0.05-0.60; P=0.006). However, this was not identified among ER+/PR- tumors (HR, 1.31; 95% CI, 0.69-2.48; P=0.41). The results of the present study indicated that RAB6C serves as an independent prognostic factor of distant recurrence risk in systemically untreated patients with an ER+/PR- tumor.

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  • 13616.
    Moreno, Noelia
    et al.
    Centre Invest Sanidad Anim INIA CISA, Spain.
    Mena, Ignacio
    Centre Invest Sanidad Anim INIA CISA, Spain; Icahn School Medical Mt Sinai, NY 10029 USA.
    Angulo, Ivan
    Centre Invest Sanidad Anim INIA CISA, Spain.
    Gomez, Yolanda
    Centre Invest Sanidad Anim INIA CISA, Spain.
    Crisci, Elisa
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of Microbiology and Molecular Medicine. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. UAB IRTA, Spain.
    Montoya, Maria
    UAB IRTA, Spain; Pirbright Institute, England.
    Caston, Jose R.
    Centre Nacl Biotecnol CSIC, Spain.
    Blanco, Esther
    Centre Invest Sanidad Anim INIA CISA, Spain.
    Barcena, Juan
    Centre Invest Sanidad Anim INIA CISA, Spain.
    Rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus capsid, a versatile platform for foreign B-cell epitope display inducing protective humoral immune responses2016In: Scientific Reports, E-ISSN 2045-2322, Vol. 6, no 31844Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Virus-like particles (VLPs), comprised of viral structural proteins devoid of genetic material, are tunable nanoparticles that can be chemically or genetically engineered, to be used as platforms for multimeric display of foreign antigens. Here, we report the engineering of chimeric VLPs, derived from rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus (RHDV) for presentation of foreign B-cell antigens to the immune system. The RHDV capsid comprises 180 copies of a single capsid subunit (VP60). To evaluate the ability of chimeric RHDV VLPs to elicit protective humoral responses against foreign antigens, we tested two B-cell epitopes: a novel neutralizing B-cell epitope, derived from feline calicivirus capsid protein, and a well characterized B-cell epitope from the extracellular domain of influenza A virus M2 protein (M2e). We generated sets of chimeric RHDV VLPs by insertion of the foreign B-cell epitopes at three different locations within VP60 protein (which involved different levels of surface accessibility) and in different copy numbers per site. The immunogenic potential of the chimeric VLPs was analyzed in the mouse model. The results presented here indicated that chimeric RHDV VLPs elicit potent protective humoral responses against displayed foreign B-cell epitopes, demonstrated by both, in vitro neutralization and in vivo protection against a lethal challenge.

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  • 13617.
    Buciuto, Robert
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Orthopaedics. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Hammer, Richard
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Orthopaedics. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    RAB-Plate versus Sliding Hip Screw for Unstable Trochanteric Hip Fractures: Stability of the Fixation and Modes of Failure-Radiographic Analysis of 218 Fractures2001In: The Journal of Trauma and Acute Care Surgery, ISSN 2163-0755, Vol. 50, no 3, p. 545-550Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Background: The sliding hip screw has gained considerable acceptance in the treatment of unstable trochanteric fractures. However, the new type of 120 degrees fixed angle blade-plate with a buttress rod (RAB-plate) showed encouraging clinical results. The purpose of this study was to assess stability of fixation and analyze modes of failure in unstable trochanteric hip fractures treated with these devices.

    Methods: A retrospective radiographic review of 218 unstable fractures was performed. Linear and angular displacements of the major fragments and implant migration into the femoral head during healing were assessed. Additionally, adequacy of the reduction and the location of the implant within the femoral head as predictors of fixation failure were evaluated.

    Results: The postreduction neck-shaft angle was maintained in the majority of the fractures in both groups. However, there was a significantly higher incidence of varus angulation by 10 degrees or more by the completion of healing among fractures treated with the sliding hip screw (p = 0.04). There was no statistically significant difference in vertical migration of the device into the femoral head between the implants used (p = 0.3). There was a significant relationship between failure of the fixation and varus reduction (p = 0.04) as well as screw/neck angle deviation more than 20 degrees in the lateral projection (p = 0.005) or if the implant was in a superior or posterior position (p = 0.02).

    Conclusion: The RAB-plate provided a more stable fixation, especially with regard to maintained postoperative alignment. However, positive predictors for fixation failure were identical for both devices. Here, the screw/neck angle deviation has had the strongest significance for prediction of fixation failure.

  • 13618.
    Buciuto, Robert
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Orthopaedics. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Hammer, Richard
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Orthopaedics. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    RAB-plate vs Medoff sliding plate for fixation of unstable trochanteric hip fractures: A prospective randomized study of 138 fractures with 1-year follow-upManuscript (preprint) (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    Between January 199 5 and January 1997 138 unstable trochanteric hip  fractures were prospectively randomized to treatment with a fixed angle blade plate with a buttress rod (RAB-plate, group A, n= 59) or a 135° two-way compression hip screw (Medoff sliding plate, group B, n= 79). The minimum follow-up time was 1-year. 44 (91 %) fractures in group A and 32 (46%) fractures in group B healed without any complication (p<0.0001). The ratio of technical failure was 4% in group A and 10% in group B (p=O.S). The most common complication in group B was significant and symptomatic leg-length shortening which was observed in 26 patients. No such complication was registered in group A.

  • 13619.
    Buciuto, Robert
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Orthopaedics. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Uhlin, Bo
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Orthopaedics. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Hammarby, Staffan
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Orthopaedics. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Hammer, Richard
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Orthopaedics. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    RAB-plate vs Richards CHS plate for unstable trochanteric hip fractures: A randomized study of 233 patients with 1-year follow-up1998In: Acta Orthopaedica, ISSN 1745-3674, E-ISSN 1745-3682, Vol. 69, no 1, p. 25-28Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    We prospectively randomized 233 patients with unstable trochanteric hip fractures for treatment with a 120° fixed angle blade-plate having a buttress rod (group A, n 111) or a 135° compression hip screw (group B, n 122). the minimum follow-up time was 1 year. the ratio of technical failure was 9% in group A and 19% in group B (p = 0.06). 79 (87%) fractures in group A and 65 (68%) fractures in group B healed without any complication (p = 0.003). Malunion occurred in 2 cases in group A and in 15 cases in group B (p = 0.002).

  • 13620.
    Kang, Gagandeep
    et al.
    Christian Medical Coll and Hospital, India.
    Thuppal, Sowmyanarayanan V.
    Christian Medical Coll and Hospital, India.
    Srinivasan, Rajan
    Christian Medical Coll and Hospital, India.
    Sarkar, Rajiv
    Christian Medical Coll and Hospital, India.
    Subashini, Beula
    Christian Medical Coll and Hospital, India.
    Venugopal, Srinivasan
    Christian Medical Coll and Hospital, India.
    Sindhu, Kulandaipalayam
    Christian Medical Coll and Hospital, India.
    Anbu, Dhivya
    Christian Medical Coll and Hospital, India.
    Parez, Nathalie
    Hop Enfants Armand Trousseau, France.
    Svensson, Lennart
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of Microbiology and Molecular Medicine. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences.
    Bose, Anuradha
    Christian Medical Coll and Hospital, India.
    Racecadotril in the management of rotavirus and non-rotavirus diarrhea in under-five children: Two randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trials2016In: Indian Pediatrics, ISSN 0019-6061, E-ISSN 0974-7559, Vol. 53, no 7, p. 595-600Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    To study the effect of racecadotril on reduction in the duration of acute rotavirus and non-rotavirus diarrhea. Two randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trials Community-based trial in an urban area in Vellore, hospital-based trial at a secondary hospital in Vellore 199 and 130 3-59 month old children in the community- and hospital-based trials, respectively. Racecadotril (1.5 mg/kg/dose, thrice a day for three days) or placebo were given to manage acute diarrhea in both trials. Median duration of diarrhea. Among 124 children completing the hospital trial, the median duration of diarrhea was 25 h in both arms (P=0.5); median total stool weight was 74 g/kg and 53.5 g/kg in racecadotril group and placebo group, respectively (P=0.4); and average fluid intake per day was 3.6 mL/kg/h and 3mL/kg/h in racecadotril and placebo arms, respectively (P=0.3). Among rotavirus-positive children, median duration of diarrhea was 26.9 h and 30.2 h in racecadotril and placebo arms, respectively (P=0.7). In the community, 196 completed the trial, the median duration of diarrhea was 2 days for both arms (P=0.8) and rotavirus positive children had similar outcomes with median diarrheal duration of 3 d in both arms (P=0.4). Treatment with racecadotril did not reduce diarrheal duration, stool volume or the requirement for fluid replacement in children with acute gastroenteritis, both with and without rotavirus infection.

  • 13621.
    Gao, Jingfang
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Oncology . Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Zhang, Hong
    Division of Biomedicine, School of Life Science, Skövde University, Skövde, Sweden.
    Arbman, Gunnar
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Surgery . Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Sun, Xiao-Feng
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Oncology . Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    RAD50/MRE11/NBS1 proteins in relation to tumour development and prognosis in patients with microsatellite stable colorectal cancer2008In: Histology and Histopathology, ISSN 0213-3911, E-ISSN 1699-5848, Vol. 23, p. 1495-1502Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    RAD50/MRE11/NBS1 complex is essential for DNA double-strand break repair and for maintaining genomic integrity. In this study, we immunohisto-chemically examined MRE11, NBS1 and RAD50 expression in primary CRCs (n=208), the corresponding distant (n=41) and adjacent normal mucosa (n=130), and lymph node metastases (n=26), and investigated their clinicopathological significance in colorectal cancers (CRCs). We found that the intensity and percentage of MRE11 and NBS1 in primary CRCs were positively correlated with each other and with RAD50 (P<0.0001). Strong expression of MRE11, NBS1 or combined RAD50/MRE11/NBS1 was related to MSS, positive hMLH1 expression, earlier tumour stage (TNM stage I and II) and favourable survival (P<0.05). A high percentage of MRE11 expression was associated with less local recurrence and high apoptotic activity (P<0.05). In MSS CRCs, the expression of MRE11 and NBS1 was stronger than that in normal mucosa (P<0.05), and strong expression of NBS1 in primary tumour was related to favourable survival of patients in TNM stage I and II (univariate analysis: P=0.03; multivariate analysis: P=0.07). In MSI CRCs, neither MRE11 nor NBS1 expression showed differences among normal mucosa, primary tumour and metastasis, or among clinicopathological variables. In conclusion, RAD50/MRE11/NBS1 proteins interacted with each other, which had different clinicopathlogical significance in MSS and MSI CRCs, and further, each component of the complex might have additional roles. NBS1 might be a prognostic factor for patients with MSS tumour in TNM stage I and II.

  • 13622.
    Johnsson, Mikael
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Computer and Information Science, Software and Systems.
    Bergman, Linus
    Linköping University, Department of Computer and Information Science, Software and Systems.
    Radar and sea clutter simulation with Unity 3D game engine2023Independent thesis Basic level (university diploma), 10,5 credits / 16 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Game engines are well known for their use in the gaming industry but are starting to have an impact in other areas as well. Architecture, automotive, and the defence industry are today using these engines to visualise and, to some extent, test their products. In this thesis, we have examined how the game engine Unity could be used for simulating a radar with the purpose of detecting and measuring sea clutter. Following a pre-study examining different implementation approaches, it was decided to use ray tracing. The radar itself is simulated by using the camera to emit rays and having a plane object directly behind it act as a receiver. Rays are then individually traced for each pixel, propagating throughout the scene and saving information such as hit coordinates, distance travelled, and direction. By using the total travel distance of each ray that returned to the receiver, the phase of each ray is calculated. This is then used to compute the total amplitude, which represents the returned signal strength. Using a compute shader, most of the computations are done in parallel on the GPU, enabling millions of rays to be traced.

    As measuring sea clutter was an objective of the study, tests measuring the ocean were carried out. These used ocean surfaces with two different sea states, using the Phillips spectrum to generate realistic waves. A ship object was then tested in free space and on two different ocean surfaces. The calculated amplitude and the number of rays returned were used to determine the signal strength returned and the RCS of the object. The purpose of this was to compare with other results of sea clutter studied, observed both in the real world and in simulated scenarios, and determine if our approach could be a valid choice for the industry.

    Some results matched the findings of a similar study that used a professional radar simulation tool called OKTAL. Other results of sea clutter were found to not be realistic due to certain limitations. The current main limitation of our implementation is not being able to trace a large enough ocean surface with the finer details needed for realistic results. However, this could be solved by creating a better implementation.

    These findings suggest that simulating radar and sea clutter in Unity is a feasible approach worth continuing to explore.

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  • 13623.
    Thorén, Daniel
    Linköping University, Department of Computer and Information Science, Software and Systems.
    Radar based tank level measurement using machine learning: Agricultural machines2021Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (Two Years)), 20 credits / 30 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Agriculture is becoming more dependent on computerized solutions to make thefarmer’s job easier. The big step that many companies are working towards is fullyautonomous vehicles that work the fields. To that end, the equipment fitted to saidvehicles must also adapt and become autonomous. Making this equipment autonomoustakes many incremental steps, one of which is developing an accurate and reliable tanklevel measurement system. In this thesis, a system for tank level measurement in a seedplanting machine is evaluated. Traditional systems use load cells to measure the weightof the tank however, these types of systems are expensive to build and cumbersome torepair. They also add a lot of weight to the equipment which increases the fuel consump-tion of the tractor. Thus, this thesis investigates the use of radar sensors together witha number of Machine Learning algorithms. Fourteen radar sensors are fitted to a tankat different positions, data is collected, and a preprocessing method is developed. Then,the data is used to test the following Machine Learning algorithms: Bagged RegressionTrees (BG), Random Forest Regression (RF), Boosted Regression Trees (BRT), LinearRegression (LR), Linear Support Vector Machine (L-SVM), Multi-Layer Perceptron Re-gressor (MLPR). The model with the best 5-fold crossvalidation scores was Random For-est, closely followed by Boosted Regression Trees. A robustness test, using 5 previouslyunseen scenarios, revealed that the Boosted Regression Trees model was the most robust.The radar position analysis showed that 6 sensors together with the MLPR model gavethe best RMSE scores.In conclusion, the models performed well on this type of system which shows thatthey might be a competitive alternative to load cell based systems.

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  • 13624.
    Callmer, Jonas
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Electrical Engineering, Automatic Control. Linköping University, The Institute of Technology.
    Törnqvist, David
    Linköping University, Department of Electrical Engineering, Automatic Control. Linköping University, The Institute of Technology.
    Gustafsson, Fredrik
    Linköping University, Department of Electrical Engineering, Automatic Control. Linköping University, The Institute of Technology.
    Svensson, Henrik
    Nira Dynamics, Sweden.
    Carlbom, Pelle
    Saab Dynamics AB, Sweden.
    RADAR SLAM using Visual Features2011In: EURASIP Journal on Advances in Signal Processing, ISSN 1687-6172, E-ISSN 1687-6180, Vol. 2011, no 71Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    A vessel navigating in a critical environment such as an archipelago, requires very accurate movement estimates. Intentional or unintentional jamming makes gps unreliable as the only source of information and an additional independent navigation system should be used. In this paper we suggest estimating the vessel movements using a sequence of radar images from the preexisting body-fixed radar. Island landmarks in the radar scans are tracked between multiple scans using visual features. This provides information not only about the position of the vessel but also of its course and velocity. We present here a complete navigation framework that requires no additional hardware than the already existing naval radar sensor. Experiments show that visual radar features can be used to accurately estimate the vessel trajectory over an extensive data set.

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  • 13625. Adolfsson, L.E.
    et al.
    Nettelblad, Hans
    Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Surgery. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Reconstruction Centre, Department of Plastic Surgery, Hand surgery UHL.
    Radial nerve entrapment in the upper arm as a cause of lateral arm pain: A report of four cases2001In: Scandinavian Journal of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery and Hand Surgery, ISSN 0284-4311, E-ISSN 1651-2073, Vol. 35, no 2, p. 217-220Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Four patients with no history of trauma presented with lateral arm pain, local tenderness, and a tingling sensation at the distal end of the arm when the radial nerve was percussed in the mid-third of the upper arm (Tinel's sign), but no clinical or subjective signs of muscular weakness. They were treated by decompression of the radial nerve in the fibrous canal proximal to the lateral intermuscular septum. Three of the patients had a complete or pronounced reduction in pain, while the fourth had only a slight improvement. Non-traumatic radial nerve entrapment in the upper arm may be the cause of lateral arm pain without clinical signs of muscular weakness.

  • 13626.
    Danielsson, Olov
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Fluid and Mechanical Engineering Systems.
    Karlsson, Johan
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Fluid and Mechanical Engineering Systems.
    Radialtätning till Retarder2009Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (Two Years)), 20 credits / 30 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    This thesis has the overall objective to develop the optimum sealing system between the retarder and transmission. Today, there is a pressure-relief and two radial seals separation between the retarder and transmission. It has been found that carbon residue formation may occur between retarder axle and seal lips with, in some cases, leakage as a result.

    We have in this thesis tried to explain the phenomenon of carbon residue, how it is formed and why it can be seen just on the seals? A rig test was conducted where we show how friction, speed, transmission temperature and mitigation phases of the retarder affects temperatures in the sealing environment. Factors affecting the coke structure are reported, together with proposals for measures that provide a mitigating seal environment. The material is PTFE, which is standard in the seals today; we believe meets all requirements for the sealing material.

    The final recommendation is a tripartite cooperation between Scania, a petroleum company and an additive manufacturer where the different base oils and additive tested as multi-factorial experiments to identify what gives the best results. On transmission side we recommend to ensure a constant oil flow to the seal.

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  • 13627.
    Velkova, Julia
    Linköping University, Department of Thematic Studies, Technology and Social Change. Linköping University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences.
    Radiant Infrastructures: Media, Environment, and Cultures of Uncertainty by Rahul Mukherjee. Durham: Duke University Press, 2020. 288 pp., $26.95 (paperback). ISBN: 978-1-4780-0806-42021In: Television and New Media, ISSN 1527-4764, E-ISSN 1552-8316, Vol. 22, no 6, p. 721-723Article, book review (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    n/a

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  • 13628.
    Pathak, Surajit
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of Clinical Sciences. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences.
    Meng, Wen-Jian
    Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Center for Surgery, Orthopaedics and Cancer Treatment, Department of Oncology. Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of Clinical Sciences. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Sichuan University, Peoples R China.
    Kumar Nandy, Suman
    University of Kalyani, India.
    Ping, Jie
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of Clinical Sciences. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Region Östergötland, Center for Surgery, Orthopaedics and Cancer Treatment, Department of Oncology.
    Bisgin, Atil
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of Clinical Sciences. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences.
    Helmfors, Linda
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Chemistry. Linköping University, The Institute of Technology.
    Waldmann, Patrik
    Linköping University, Department of Computer and Information Science, Statistics. Linköping University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences.
    Sun, Xiao-Feng
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of Clinical Sciences. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Region Östergötland, Center for Surgery, Orthopaedics and Cancer Treatment, Department of Oncology.
    Radiation and SN38 treatments modulate the expression of microRNAs, cytokines and chemokines in colon cancer cells in a p53-directed manner2015In: Oncotarget, E-ISSN 1949-2553, Vol. 6, no 42, p. 44758-44780Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Aberrant expression of miRNAs, cytokines and chemokines are involved in pathogenesis of colon cancer. However, the expression of p53 mediated miRNAs, cyto- and chemokines after radiation and SN38 treatment in colon cancer remains elusive. Here, human colon cancer cells, HCT116 with wild-type, heterozygous and a functionally null p53, were treated by radiation and SN38. The expression of 384 miRNAs was determined by using the TaqMan (R) miRNA array, and the expression of cyto- and chemokines was analyzed by Meso-Scale-Discovery instrument. Up- or down-regulations of miRNAs after radiation and SN38 treatments were largely dependent on p53 status of the cells. Cytokines, IL-6, TNF-alpha, IL-1 beta, Il-4, IL-10, VEGF, and chemokines, IL-8, MIP-1 alpha were increased, and IFN-gamma expression was decreased after radiation, whereas, IL-6, IFN-gamma, TNF-alpha, IL-1 beta, Il-4, IL-10, IL-8 were decreased, and VEGF and MIP-1 alpha were increased after SN38 treatment. Bioinformatic analysis pointed out that the highly up-regulated miRNAs, let-7f-5p, miR-455-3p, miR-98, miR-155-5p and the down-regulated miRNAs, miR-1, miR-127-5p, miR-142-5p, miR-202-5p were associated with colon cancer pathways and correlated with cyto- or chemokine expression. These miRNAs have the potential for use in colon cancer therapy as they are related to p53, pro- or anti-inflammatory cyto- or chemokines after the radiation and SN38 treatment.

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  • 13629. Order onlineBuy this publication >>
    Flejmer, Anna M.
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of Clinical Sciences. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Region Östergötland, Center for Surgery, Orthopaedics and Cancer Treatment, Department of Oncology.
    Radiation burden from modern radiation therapy techniques including proton therapy for breast cancer treatment - clinical implications2016Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    The purpose of this thesis was to study the clinical implications of modern radiotherapy techniques for breast cancer treatment. This was investigated in several individual studies.

    Study I investigated the implications of using the analytical anisotropic algorithm (AAA) from the perspective of clinical recommendations for breast cancer radiotherapy. Pencil beam convolution plans of 40 breast cancer patients were recalculated with AAA. The latter plans had a significantly worse coverage of the planning target volume (PTV) with the 93% isodose, higher maximum dose in hotspots, higher volumes of the ipsilateral lung receiving doses below 25 Gy and smaller volumes with doses above 25 Gy. AAA also predicted lower doses to the heart.

    Study II investigated the implications of using the irregular surface compensator (ISC), an electronic compensation algorithm, in comparison to three‐dimensional conformal radiotherapy (3D‐CRT) for breast cancer treatment. Ten breast cancer patients were planned with both techniques. The ISC technique led to better coverage of the clinical target volume of the tumour bed (CTV‐T) and PTV in almost all patients with significant improvement in homogeneity.

    Study III investigated the feasibility of using scanning pencil beam proton therapy for regional and loco‐regional breast cancer with comparison of ISC photon planning. Ten patients were included in the study, all with dose heterogeneity in the target and/or hotspots in the normal tissues outside the PTV. The proton plans showed comparable or better CTV‐T and PTV coverage, with large reductions in the mean doses to the heart and the ipsilateral lung.

    Study IV investigated the added value of enhanced inspiration gating (EIG) for proton therapy. Twenty patients were planned on CT datasets acquired during EIG and freebreathing (FB) using photon 3D‐CRT and scanning proton therapy. Proton spot scanning has a high potential to reduce the irradiation of organs‐at‐risk for most patients, beyond what could be achieved with EIG and photon therapy, especially in terms of mean doses to the heart and the left anterior descending artery.

    Study V investigated the impact of physiological breathing motion during proton radiotherapy for breast cancer. Twelve thoracic patients were planned on CT datasets during breath‐hold at inhalation phase and breath‐hold at exhalation phase. Between inhalation and exhalation phase there were very small differences in dose delivered to the target and cardiovascular structures, with very small clinical implication.

    The results of these studies showed the potential of various radiotherapy techniques to improve the quality of life for breast cancer patients by limiting the dose burden for normal tissues.

    List of papers
    1. Analytical Anisotropic Algorithm versus Pencil Beam Convolution for treatment planning of breast cancer: implications for target coverage and radiation burden of normal tissue
    Open this publication in new window or tab >>Analytical Anisotropic Algorithm versus Pencil Beam Convolution for treatment planning of breast cancer: implications for target coverage and radiation burden of normal tissue
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    2015 (English)In: Anticancer Research, ISSN 0250-7005, E-ISSN 1791-7530, Vol. 35, no 5, p. 2841-2848Article in journal (Refereed) Published
    Abstract [en]

    Aim: The present study aimed to investigate the implications of using the analytical anisotropic algorithm (AAA) for calculation of target coverage and radiation burden of normal tissues. Most model parameters, recommendations and planning guidelines associated with a certain outcome are from the era of pencil beam convolution (PBC) calculations on relatively simple assumptions of energy transport in media. Their relevance for AAA calculations that predict more realistic dose distributions needs to be evaluated. Patients and Methods: Forty patients with left-sided breast cancer receiving 3D conformal radiation therapy were planned using PBC with a standard protocol with 50 Gy in 25 fractions according to existing re-commendations. The plans were subsequently recalculated with the AAA and relevant dose parameters were determined and compared to their PBC equivalents. Results: The majority of the AAA-based plans had a significantly worse coverage of the planning target volume and also a higher maximum dose in hotspots near sensitive structures, suggesting that these criteria could be relaxed for AAA-calculated plans. Furthermore, the AAA predicts higher volumes of the ipsilateral lung will receive doses below 25 Gy and smaller volume doses above 25 Gy. These results indicate that lung tolerance criteria might also have to be relaxed for AAA planning in order to maintain the level of normal tissue toxicity. The AAA also predicts lower doses to the heart, thus indicating that this organ might be more sensitive to radiation than thought from PBC-based calculations. Conclusion: The AAA should be preferred over the PBC algorithm for breast cancer radiotherapy as it gives more realistic dose distributions. Guidelines for plan acceptance might have to be re-evaluated to account for differences in dose predictions in order to maintain the current levels of control and complication rates. The results also suggest an increased radiosensitivity of the heart, thus indicating that a revision of the current models for cardiovascular complications may be needed.

    Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
    International Institute of Anticancer Research, 2015
    Keywords
    breast radiotherapy, dose calculation algorithm, analytical anisotropic algorithm, pencil beam convolution, planning guidelines
    National Category
    Cancer and Oncology
    Identifiers
    urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-117854 (URN)000354267200045 ()25964565 (PubMedID)
    Available from: 2015-05-11 Created: 2015-05-11 Last updated: 2024-01-10
    2. Clinical implications of the ISC technique for breast cancer radiotherapy and comparison with clinical recommendations
    Open this publication in new window or tab >>Clinical implications of the ISC technique for breast cancer radiotherapy and comparison with clinical recommendations
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    2014 (English)In: Anticancer Research, ISSN 0250-7005, E-ISSN 1791-7530, Vol. 34, no 7, p. 3563-3568Article in journal (Refereed) Published
    Abstract [en]

    Purpose: The project studied the implications of using the irregular surface compensator (ISC) technique in comparison to three-dimensional conformal radiation therapy (3D-CRT) for breast cancer treatment. ISC is an electronic compensation algorithm that modulates the fluence across the radiation fields to compensate for irregularly shaped surfaces and deliver a homogeneous dose to a compensation plane. Methods: Ten breast cancer patients (five left- and five right-sided) were planned with both techniques. The planning was done for 50 Gy in 25 fractions with 2 Gy per fraction in all patients. Physical parameters such as doses to the clinical target volume (CTV-T) and the planned target volume (PTV), heterogeneity index and doses to lung and heart were determined and compared for the treatment plans. Results: The ISC technique led to significantly better coverage of the CTV-T and PTV in almost all patients with statistically significant better homogeneity of the dose distribution. The contralateral lung and the heart receive the same doses with both ISC and 3D-CRT plans. However, ISC showed a trend towards decreasing the volumes of the ipsilateral lung irradiated with high doses. Consequently this led to better compliance with the national recommendations for breast radiotherapy. Conclusion: The ISC technique leads to an improvement of the target coverage and the radiation burden of the ipsilateral lung thus allowing better compliance with the national recommendations and increasing the potential for improved quality of life for breast cancer patients. It should therefore be preferred over 3D-CRT for breast cases with difficult dose homogeneity to the PTV or CTV-T.

    Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
    International Institute of Anticancer Research, 2014
    Keywords
    breast radiotherapy, irregular surface compensator, fractionated radiotherapy, irradiation technique
    National Category
    Cancer and Oncology
    Identifiers
    urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-106944 (URN)000338780300044 ()24982370 (PubMedID)
    Available from: 2014-05-28 Created: 2014-05-28 Last updated: 2017-12-05Bibliographically approved
    3. Potential benefit of scanned proton beam versus photons as adjuvant radiation therapy in breast cancer
    Open this publication in new window or tab >>Potential benefit of scanned proton beam versus photons as adjuvant radiation therapy in breast cancer
    Show others...
    2015 (English)In: International Journal of Particle Therapy, ISSN 2331-5180, Vol. 1, no 4, p. 845-855Article in journal (Refereed) Published
    Abstract [en]

    Purpose: To investigate the feasibility of using scanned proton beams as adjuvant radiation therapy for breast cancer. Long-term cardiopulmonary complications may worsen the quality of life and reduce the positive contribution of radiation therapy, which has been known to improve long-term control of locoregional disease as well as the long-term survival for these patients.

    Materials and Methods: Ten patients with stage I-III cancer (either after mastectomy or lumpectomy, left- or right-sided) were included in the study. The patients were identified from a larger group where dose heterogeneity in the target and/or hotspots in the normal tissues qualified them for irregular surface compensator planning with photons. The patients underwent planning with 2 scanned proton beam planning techniques, single-field uniform dose and intensity-modulated proton therapy, and the results were compared with those from irregular surface compensator. All volumes of interest were delineated and reviewed by experienced radio-oncologists. The patients were prescribed 50 GyRBE in 25 fractions. Dosimetric parameters of interest were compared with a paired, 2-tailed Student t test.

    Results: The proton plans showed comparable or better target coverage than the original photon plans. There were also large reductions with protons in mean doses to the heart (0.2 versus 1.3 GyRBE), left anterior descending artery (1.4 versus 6.4 GyRBE), and the ipsilateral lung (6.3 versus 7.7 GyRBE). This reduction is important from the point of view of the quality of life of the patients after radiation therapy. No significant differences were found between single-field uniform dose and intensity-modulated proton therapy plans.

    Conclusion: Spot scanning technique with protons may improve target dose homogeneity and further reduce doses to the organs at risk compared with advanced photon techniques. The results from this study indicate a potential for protons as adjuvant radiation therapy in breast cancer and a further step toward the individualization of treatment based on anatomic and comorbidity characteristics.

    Keywords
    breast radiation therapy, proton radiation therapy, pencil beam scanning, irregular surface compensator, fractionated radiation therapy
    National Category
    Cancer and Oncology
    Identifiers
    urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-112949 (URN)10.14338/IJPT-14-00013.1 (DOI)
    Available from: 2014-12-31 Created: 2014-12-31 Last updated: 2024-01-10
    4. Respiratory gating for proton beam scanning versus photon 3D-CRT for breast cancer radiotherapy
    Open this publication in new window or tab >>Respiratory gating for proton beam scanning versus photon 3D-CRT for breast cancer radiotherapy
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    2016 (English)In: Acta Oncologica, ISSN 0284-186X, E-ISSN 1651-226X, Vol. 55, no 5, p. 577-583Article in journal (Refereed) Published
    Abstract [en]

    Background Respiratory gating and proton therapy have both been proposed to reduce the cardiopulmonary burden in breast cancer radiotherapy. This study aims to investigate the additional benefit of proton radiotherapy for breast cancer with and without respiratory gating.

    Material and methods Twenty left-sided patients were planned on computed tomography (CT)-datasets acquired during enhanced inspiration gating (EIG) and free-breathing (FB), using photon three-dimensional conformal radiation therapy (3D-CRT) and scanned proton beams. Ten patients received treatment to the whole breast only (WBO) and 10 were treated to the breast and the regional lymph nodes (BRN). Dosimetric parameters characterizing the coverage of target volumes and the cardiopulmonary burden were compared using a paired, two-tailed Student’s t-test.

    Results Protons ensured comparable or better target coverage than photons in all patients during both EIG and FB. The heterogeneity index decreased from 12% with photons to about 5% with protons. The mean dose to the ipsilateral lung was reduced in BRN patients from 12 Gy to 7 Gy (RBE) in EIG and from 14 Gy to 6-7 Gy (RBE) in FB, while for WBO patients all values were about 5-6 Gy (RBE). The mean dose to heart decreased by a factor of four in WBO patients [from 1.1 Gy to 0.3 Gy (RBE) in EIG and from 2.1 Gy to 0.5 Gy (RBE) in FB] and 10 in BRN patients [from 2.1 Gy to 0.2 Gy (RBE) in EIG and from 3.4 Gy to 0.3 Gy (RBE) in FB]. Similarly, the mean and the near maximum dose to left anterior descending artery (LAD) were significantly lower (p<0.05) with protons in comparison with photons.

    Conclusion Proton spot scanning has a high potential to reduce the irradiation of organs at risk and other normal tissues for most patients, beyond what could be achieved with EIG and photon therapy. The largest dose sparing has been seen for BRN patients, both in terms of cardiopulmonary burden and integral dose.

    National Category
    Cancer and Oncology
    Identifiers
    urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-123274 (URN)10.3109/0284186X.2015.1120883 (DOI)000375566700008 ()
    Note

    Funding agencies:  LiU Cancer research network at Linkoping University; Region Ostergotland; ALF Grants from Region Ostergotland (Sweden)

    Available from: 2015-12-09 Created: 2015-12-09 Last updated: 2024-01-10
    5. Impact of physiological breathing motion for breast cancer radiotherapy with proton beam scanning: An in silico study
    Open this publication in new window or tab >>Impact of physiological breathing motion for breast cancer radiotherapy with proton beam scanning: An in silico study
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    2017 (English)In: Physica medica (Testo stampato), ISSN 1120-1797, E-ISSN 1724-191X, Vol. 39, p. 88-94Article in journal (Refereed) Published
    Abstract [en]

    This study investigates the impact of breathing motion on proton breast treatment plans. Twelve patients with CT datasets acquired during breath-hold-at-inhalation (BHI), breath-hold-at-exhalation (BHE) and in free-breathing (FB) were included in the study. Proton plans were designed for the left breast for BHI and subsequently recalculated for BHE or designed for FB and recalculated for the extreme breath-hold phases. The plans were compared from the point of view of their target coverage and doses to organs-at-risk. The median amplitude of breathing motion determined from the positions of the sternum was 4.7 mm (range 0.5-14.6 mm). Breathing motion led to a degradation of the dose coverage of the target (heterogeneity index increased from 4-7% to 8-11%), but the degraded values of the dosimetric parameters of interest fulfilled the clinical criteria for plan acceptance. Exhalation decreased the lung burden [average dose 3.1-4.5 Gy (RBE)], while inhalation increased it [average dose 5.8-6.8 Gy (RBE)]. The individual values depended on the field arrangement. Smaller differences were seen for the heart [average dose 0.1-0.2 Gy (RBE)] and the LAD [1.9-4.6 Gy (RBE)]. Weak correlations were generally found between changes in dosimetric parameters and respiratory motion. The differences between dosimetric parameters for various breathing phases were small and their expected clinical impact is consequently quite small. The results indicated that the dosimetric parameters of the plans corresponding to the extreme breathing phases are little affected by breathing motion, thus suggesting that this motion might have little impact for the chosen beam orientations with scanned proton beams.

    Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
    Elsevier, 2017
    National Category
    Cancer and Oncology
    Identifiers
    urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-127369 (URN)10.1016/j.ejmp.2017.06.001 (DOI)000405493200012 ()28606833 (PubMedID)
    Note

    Funding agencies: LiU Cancer research network at Linkoping University and Region Ostergotland (Sweden)

    Available from: 2016-04-23 Created: 2016-04-23 Last updated: 2018-05-02Bibliographically approved
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  • 13630.
    Gudowska, Irena
    et al.
    Stockholm University, Sweden.
    Ardenfors, Oscar
    Stockholm University, Sweden.
    Toma-Dasu, Iuliana
    Stockholm University, Sweden.
    Dasu, Alexandru
    Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Center for Surgery, Orthopaedics and Cancer Treatment, Department of Radiation Physics. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Linköping University, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Division of Radiological Sciences.
    Radiation burden from secondary doses to patients undergoing radiation therapy with photons and light ions and radiation doses from imaging modalities2014In: Radiation Protection Dosimetry, ISSN 0144-8420, E-ISSN 1742-3406, Vol. 161, no 1-4, p. 357-362Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Ionising radiation is increasingly used for the treatment of cancer, being the source of a considerable fraction of the medical irradiation to patients. With the increasing success rate of cancer treatments and longer life expectancy of the treated patients, the issue of secondary cancer incidence is of growing concern, especially for paediatric patients who may live long after the treatment and be more susceptible to carcinogenesis. Also, additional imaging procedures like CT, kV and MV imaging and PET, alone or in conjunction with radiation therapy, may add to the radiation burden associated with the risk of occurrence of secondary cancers. This work has been based on literature studies and is focussed on the assessment of secondary doses to healthy tissues that are delivered by the use of modern radiation therapy and diagnostic imaging modalities in the clinical environment.

  • 13631.
    Sandberg, Hampus
    Linköping University, Department of Electrical Engineering, Computer Engineering.
    Radiation Hardened System Design with Mitigation and Detection in FPGA2016Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (Two Years)), 20 credits / 30 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    FPGAs are attractive devices as they enable the designer to make changes to the system during its lifetime. This is important in the early stages of development when all the details of the final system might not be known yet. In a research environment like at CERN there are many FPGAs used for this very reason and also because they enable high speed communication and processing. The biggest problem at CERN is that the systems might have to operate in a radioactive envi- ronment which is very harsh on electronics. ASICs can be designed to withstand high levels of radiation and are used in many places but they are expensive in terms of cost and time and they are not very flexible. There is therefore a need to understand if it is possible to use FPGAs in these places or what needs to be done to make it possible.

    Mitigation techniques can be used to avoid that a fault caused by radiation is disrupting the system. How this can be done and the importance of under- standing the underlying architecture of the FPGA is discussed in this thesis. A simulation tool used for injecting faults into the design is proposed in order to verify that the techniques used are working as expected which might not always be the case. The methods used during simulation which provided the best protec- tion against faults is added to a system design which is implemented on a flash based FPGA mounted on a board. This board was installed in the CERN Proton Synchrotron for 99 days during which the system was continuously monitored. During this time 11 faults were detected and the system was still functional at the end of the test. The result from the simulation and hardware test shows that with reasonable effort it is possible to use commercially available FPGAs in a radioactive environment. 

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  • 13632. Order onlineBuy this publication >>
    Joudi, Mohammad Ali
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Energy Systems. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Radiation properties of coil-coated steel in building envelope surfaces and the influence on building thermal performance2015Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    Recent studies have shown that the optical properties of building exterior surfaces are important in terms of energy use and thermal comfort. While the majority of the studies are related to exterior surfaces, the radiation properties of interior surfaces are less thoroughly investigated. Development in the coil-coating industries has now made it possible to allocate different optical properties for both exterior and interior surfaces of steel-clad buildings. The aim of this thesis is to investigate the influence of surface radiation properties with the focus on the thermal emittance of the interior surfaces, the modeling approaches and their consequences in the context of the building energy performance and indoor thermal environment.

    The study consists of both numerical and experimental investigations. The experimental investigations include parallel field measurements on three similar test cabins with different interior and exterior surface radiation properties in Borlänge, Sweden, and two ice rink arenas with normal and low emissive ceiling in Luleå, Sweden. The numerical methods include comparative simulations by the use of dynamic heat flux models, Building Energy Simulation (BES), Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) and a coupled model for BES and CFD. Several parametric studies and thermal performance analyses were carried out in combination with the different numerical methods.

    The parallel field measurements on the test cabins include the air, surface and radiation temperatures and energy use during passive and active (heating and cooling) measurements. Both measurement and comparative simulation results indicate an improvement in the indoor thermal environment when the interior surfaces have low emittance. In the ice rink arenas, surface and radiation temperature measurements indicate a considerable reduction in the ceiling-to-ice radiation by the use of low emittance surfaces, in agreement with a ceiling-toice radiation model using schematic dynamic heat flux calculations.

    The measurements in the test cabins indicate that the use of low emittance surfaces can increase the vertical indoor air temperature gradients depending on the time of day and outdoor conditions. This is in agreement with the transient CFD simulations having the boundary condition assigned on the exterior surfaces. The sensitivity analyses have been performed under different outdoor conditions and surface thermal radiation properties. The spatially resolved simulations indicate an increase in the air and surface temperature gradients by the use of low emittance coatings. This can allow for lower air temperature at the occupied zone during the summer.

    The combined effect of interior and exterior reflective coatings in terms of energy use has been investigated by the use of building energy simulation for different climates and internal heat loads. The results indicate possible energy savings by the smart choice of optical properties on interior and exterior surfaces of the building.

    Overall, it is concluded that the interior reflective coatings can contribute to building energy savings and improvement of the indoor thermal environment. This can be numerically investigated by the choice of appropriate models with respect to the level of detail and computational load. This thesis includes comparative simulations at different levels of detail.

    List of papers
    1. Highly reflective coatings for interior and exterior steel cladding and the energy efficiency of buildings
    Open this publication in new window or tab >>Highly reflective coatings for interior and exterior steel cladding and the energy efficiency of buildings
    2011 (English)In: Applied Energy, ISSN 0306-2619, E-ISSN 1872-9118, Vol. 88, no 12, p. 4655-4666Article in journal (Refereed) Published
    Abstract [en]

    The effect of surface heat-radiation properties of coil-coated steel cladding material on the energy efficiency of buildings in Nordic climate is addressed by parallel temperature and energy usage measurements in a series of test cabins with different exterior solar reflectivity and interior thermal reflectivity. During one year, a number of one- or two-week experiments with air conditioner cooling and electrical floor heating were made while logging air-, radiation- and surface temperatures, energy consumption and weather conditions. Measurements show significant energy savings in the test cabins by the use of high thermal reflectivity interior surfaces both during heating and cooling and a strongly reduced cooling demand by the use of high solar reflectivity exterior surfaces. Results are interpreted within the context of a steady-state energy flux model, to illuminate the importance of surface resistance properties (radiation and convective heat dissipation).

    Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
    Elsevier, 2011
    Keywords
    Total solar reflectivity, Reflective coating, Thermal emissivity, Building interior heat flux, Energy efficient buildings Energy saving
    National Category
    Energy Systems
    Identifiers
    urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-118285 (URN)10.1016/j.apenergy.2011.06.002 (DOI)000295387200041 ()
    Available from: 2011-09-01 Created: 2015-05-25 Last updated: 2017-12-04Bibliographically approved
    2. Energy efficient surfaces on building sandwich panels - A dynamic simulation model
    Open this publication in new window or tab >>Energy efficient surfaces on building sandwich panels - A dynamic simulation model
    2011 (English)In: Energy and Buildings, ISSN 0378-7788, E-ISSN 1872-6178, Vol. 43, no 9, p. 2462-2467Article in journal (Refereed) Published
    Abstract [en]

    The choice of building envelope is critical for the energy performance of buildings. The major part of the energy used by a building during its lifetime is used for maintaining a suitable interior thermal climate under varying exterior conditions. Although exterior heat radiation properties (i.e. total solar reflectivity and long wave thermal emissivity) have been well accepted to have a large impact on the need for active cooling in warmer climate, the effect of a reduced thermal emissivity on interior surfaces on the building thermal energy flux is rarely studied. This paper addresses the sensitivity of the thermal energy flux through a sandwich panel, by systematically varying the surface thermal emissivity (both interior and exterior) and total solar reflectance of exterior surface, for three geographical locations: southern, middle and northern Europe. A model is introduced for calculating the effect of both interior and exterior optical properties of a horizontal roof panel in terms of net energy flux per unit area. The results indicate potential energy saving by the smart choice of optical properties of interior and exterior surfaces.

    Keywords
    Total solar reflectivity, Reflective coating, Thermal emissivity, Building heat flux, Energy efficiency
    National Category
    Energy Systems
    Identifiers
    urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-118286 (URN)10.1016/j.enbuild.2011.05.026 (DOI)000294834900048 ()
    Available from: 2011-09-01 Created: 2015-05-25 Last updated: 2017-12-04Bibliographically approved
    3. Energy Efficient Buildings with Functional Steel Cladding
    Open this publication in new window or tab >>Energy Efficient Buildings with Functional Steel Cladding
    2011 (English)In: World Renewable Energy Congress, Linköping: Linköping University Electronic Press, 2011, Vol. 8, p. 2004-2009Conference paper, Published paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The aim of the study is to develop a model for the energy balance of buildings that includes the effect from the radiation properties of interior and exterior surfaces of the building envelope. As a first step we have used ice arenas as case study objects to investigate the importance of interior low emissivity surfaces. Measurements have been done in two ice arenas in the north part of Sweden, one with lower and one with higher ceiling emissivity. The results show that the low emissivity ceiling gives a much lower radiation temperature interacting with the ice under similar conditions. The dynamic modelling of the roof in ice arenas shows a similar dependence of the roof-to-ice heat flux and the ceiling emissivity. A second part of the study focus on how to realise paints with very low thermal emissivity to be used on interior building surfaces.

    Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
    Linköping: Linköping University Electronic Press, 2011
    Series
    Linköping Electronic Conference Proceedings, ISSN 1650-3686, E-ISSN 1650-3740 ; 57
    Keywords
    energy balance, low emissivity, radiation properties
    National Category
    Energy Systems
    Identifiers
    urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-118287 (URN)10.3384/ecp110572004 (DOI)978-91-7393-070-3 (ISBN)
    Conference
    World Renewable Energy Congress – Sweden; 8–13 May, 2011, Linköping, Sweden
    Available from: 2015-05-25 Created: 2015-05-25 Last updated: 2019-12-30Bibliographically approved
    4. Reflective coatings for interior and exterior of buildings and improving thermal performance
    Open this publication in new window or tab >>Reflective coatings for interior and exterior of buildings and improving thermal performance
    2013 (English)In: Applied Energy, ISSN 0306-2619, E-ISSN 1872-9118, Vol. 103, p. 562-570Article in journal (Refereed) Published
    Abstract [en]

    The importance of reducing building energy usage and thriving for more energy efficient architectures, has nurtured creative solutions and smart choices of materials in the last few decades. Among those are optimizing surface optical properties for both interior and exterior claddings of the building. Development in the coil-coating steel industries has now made it possible to allocate correct optical properties for steel clad buildings with improved thermal performance. Although the importance of the exterior coating and solar gain are thoroughly studied in many literatures, the effect of interior cladding are less tackled, especially when considering a combination of both interior and exterior reflective coatings. This paper contemplates the thermal behavior of small cabins with reflective coatings on both interior and exterior cladding, under different conditions and climates with the aim to clarify and point out to the potential energy saving by smart choices of clad coatings.

    Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
    Oxford: Elsevier, 2013
    Keywords
    Reflective coatings, Low energy building, Energy simulation, Total solar reflectance, Interior thermal emittance
    National Category
    Energy Systems Building Technologies
    Identifiers
    urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-118288 (URN)10.1016/j.apenergy.2012.10.019 (DOI)000314669500053 ()2-s2.0-84871715773 (Scopus ID)
    Available from: 2014-11-09 Created: 2015-05-25 Last updated: 2019-12-28Bibliographically approved
    5. Numerical and experimental investigation of the influence of infrared reflective interior surfaces on building temperature distributions
    Open this publication in new window or tab >>Numerical and experimental investigation of the influence of infrared reflective interior surfaces on building temperature distributions
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    2017 (English)In: Indoor + Built Environment, ISSN 1420-326X, E-ISSN 1423-0070, Vol. 26, no 3, p. 355-367Article in journal (Refereed) Published
    Abstract [en]

    Radiative properties of interior surfaces can affect not only the building heat flux but also the indoor environment, the latter of which has not been thoroughly investigated. The aim of this study is to analyse the effect of surface emissivity on indoor air and surface temperature distributions in a test cabin with reflective interior surfaces. This was done by comparing experimental and simulation data of the test cabin with that of a normal cabin. This study employs transient computational fluid dynamics (CFD) using re-normalisation group (RNG) kε model, surface-to-surface radiation model and an enhanced wall function. Boundary conditions were assigned to exterior surfaces under variable outdoor conditions. The numerical and the measurement results indicate that using interior reflective surfaces will affect the indoor air temperature distribution by increasing the vertical temperature gradient depending on the time of the day. CFD simulations with high spatial resolution results show increased interior surface temperature gradients consistent with the increased vertical air temperature gradient. The influence of reflective surfaces is potentially greater with higher indoor surface temperature asymmetry. The vertical indoor air temperature gradient and surface temperatures are important parameters for indoor thermal comfort.

    Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
    Sage Publications, 2017
    Keywords
    Reflective interior surfaces, indoor air temperature gradient, Transient computational fluid dynamics, surface-to-surface radiation, building thermal performance
    National Category
    Energy Systems Building Technologies
    Identifiers
    urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-118289 (URN)10.1177/1420326X15609966 (DOI)000399487300007 ()
    Note

    Funding agencies|SSAB Europe; Dalarna University; University of Gävle; Linköping University.

    At the time for thesis presentation publication was in status: Manuscript

    Available from: 2015-05-25 Created: 2015-05-25 Last updated: 2017-05-05Bibliographically approved
    6. Influence of reflective interior surfaces on indoor thermal environment and energy use using a coupling model for energy simulation and CFD
    Open this publication in new window or tab >>Influence of reflective interior surfaces on indoor thermal environment and energy use using a coupling model for energy simulation and CFD
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    2015 (English)Manuscript (preprint) (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    The importance of reducing the building energy use and maintaining the desired indoor climate has long inspired creative solution such as optimized optical properties for building surfaces. This paper aims to address the influence of interior thermal reflective surfaces on both indoor thermal environments with high spatial resolution and energy use. To do so, this work employs a coupling method using building energy simulation (BES) and computational fluid dynamics (CFD). The results indicate increase in the mean radiation temperature (MRT) and reduction in the floor heating energy use by the use of interior reflective surfaces. The study yields analysis of operative temperatures and interior surface heat fluxes. Overall, the interior reflective surfaces can contribute to improved building thermal performance and energy saving.

    Keywords
    Thermal reflective surfaces, mean radiation temperature, building thermal performance, coupling building energy simulation and CFD
    National Category
    Energy Systems Building Technologies
    Identifiers
    urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-118290 (URN)
    Available from: 2015-05-25 Created: 2015-05-25 Last updated: 2015-05-26Bibliographically approved
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  • 13633.
    Pettersson, Håkan
    et al.
    Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Linköping University, Department of Medicine and Health Sciences, Radiation Physics . Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Centre of Surgery and Oncology, Department of Radiation Physics.
    Fälth-Magnusson, Karin
    Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Pediatrics . Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Centre of Paediatrics and Gynecology and Obstetrics, Department of Paediatrics in Linköping.
    Persliden, Jan
    Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Linköping University, Department of Medicine and Health Sciences, Radiation Physics . Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Centre of Surgery and Oncology, Department of Radiation Physics.
    Scott, M.
    Department of Statistics, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QW, United Kingdom.
    Radiation risk and cost-benefit analysis of a paediatric radiology procedure: Results from a national study2005In: British Journal of Radiology, ISSN 0007-1285, E-ISSN 1748-880X, Vol. 78, no 925, p. 34-38Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    A national study was performed to investigate radiation doses and associated risks to patients during X-ray fluoroscopy-guided small intestinal biopsies in the investigation of coeliac disease. Thermoluminescent dosemeters (TLD) and questionnaires were sent to 42 of the 43 paediatric departments in Sweden performing these biopsies. During the study period (2 × 3 weeks) 257 biopsies were recorded, representing about 10% of annually performed paediatric investigations. The results show that the absorbed dose during biopsy ranged from 0.04 mGy to 23.8 mGy (mean 1.87 mGy). The fluoroscopy time ranged from 2 s to 663 s (mean 60 s). The collective dose from the procedure amounts to 4.7 manSv year-1. Thus, the annual excess cancer mortality, including severe hereditary effects, can be estimated at 0.6-0.7 cases per year. However, significant dose saving can be obtained by proper choice of sedation and biopsy equipment. © 2005 The British Institute of Radiology.

  • 13634.
    Persson, H.Lennart
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Neuroscience and Locomotion, Pathology. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Centre of Surgery and Oncology, Department of Respiratory Medicine.
    Kurz, Tino
    Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Linköping University, Department of Medicine and Health Sciences, Pharmacology .
    Eaton, John Wallace
    Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Experimental Pathology . Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Centre for Laboratory Medicine, Department of Clinical Pathology and Clinical Genetics.
    Brunk, Ulf
    Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Linköping University, Department of Medicine and Health Sciences, Pharmacology .
    Radiation-induced cell death: Importance of lysosomal destabilization2005In: Biochemical Journal, ISSN 0264-6021, E-ISSN 1470-8728, Vol. 389, no 3, p. 877-884Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The mechanisms involved in radiation-induced cellular injury and death remain incompletely understood. In addition to the direct formation of highly reactive hydroxyl radicals (HO.) by radiolysis of water, oxidative stress events in the cytoplasm due to formation of H2O2 may also be important. Since the major pool of low-mass redox-active intracellular iron seems to reside within lysosomes, arising from the continuous intralysosomal autophagocytotic degradation of ferruginous materials, formation of H2O2 inside and outside these organelles may cause lysosomal labilization with release to the cytosol of lytic enzymes and low-mass iron. If of limited magnitude, such release may induce 'reparative autophagocytosis', causing additional accumulation of redox-active iron within the lysosomal compartment. We have used radio-resistant histiocytic lymphoma (J774) cells to assess the importance of intralysosomal iron and lysosomal rupture in radiation-induced cellular injury. We found that a 40 Gy radiation dose increased the 'loose' iron content of the (still viable) cells approx. 5-fold when assayed 24 h later. Cytochemical staining revealed that most redox-active iron was within the lysosomes. The increase of intralysosomal iron was associated with 'reparative autophagocytosis', and sensitized cells to Iysosomal rupture and consequent apoptotic/necrotic death following a second, much lower dose of radiation (20 Gy) 24 h after the first one. A high-molecular-mass derivative of desferrioxamine, which specifically localizes intralysosomally following endocytic uptake, added to the culture medium before either the first or the second dose of radiation, stabilized lysosomes and largely prevented cell death. These observations may provide a biological rationale for fractionated radiation. © 2005 Biochemical Society.

  • 13635. Vestad, Tor Arne
    et al.
    Gustafsson, Håkan
    Linköping University, Department of Medicine and Health Sciences, Radiation Physics . Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Lund, Anders
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Chemical Physics . Linköping University, The Institute of Technology.
    Hole, Eli Olaug
    Sagstuen, Einar
    Radiation-induced radicals in lithium formate monohydrate (LiHCO2·H2O). EPR and ENDOR studies of X-irradiated crystal and polycrystalline samples2004In: PCCP : physical chemistry chemical physics, ISSN 1463-9076, Vol. 6, p. 3017-3022Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Single crystals and polycrystalline samples of lithium formate monohydrate (HCO2Li·H2O) were X-irradiated at 295 K and studied using X-band EPR, ENDOR, and ENDOR-induced EPR (EIE) spectroscopy at 200 or 295 K. Two different radical species were observed. The overall dominating species is the CO2 radical trapped in the crystal matrix at an orientation not very different from that of the parent CO2 fragment in the unirradiated matrix. The g- and 13C hyperfine coupling tensors of the CO2 radical were determined. The large linewidth (about 1.5 mT) of the polycrystalline EPR spectrum is due to extensive hyperfine couplings with lithium ions and protons in the environment. Four lithium couplings and four proton couplings associated with the CO2 radical were measured, and all couplings were assigned to specific matrix nuclei. The spectra yield evidence for a second radical in low relative abundance. One small lithium hyperfine interaction detected was ascribed to this radical. Spectral simulations of the EPR and ENDOR spectra support the conclusions made.

  • 13636. Order onlineBuy this publication >>
    Cedergren, Jan
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Rheumatology. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Radical aspects on arthritis: the role of neutrophil generation of nitric oxide and superoxide in inflammatory conditions2007Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    The polymorphonuclear neutrophil granulocytes (neutrophils) are gaining renewed interest regarding their involvement in chronic inflammatory disorders, including rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Besides phagocytic and destructive capabilities, neutrophils have regulatory roles, e.g. by influencing responses from dendritic cells and lymphocytes. Several animal models have revealed that neutrophils are crucial for the initiation and maintenance of chronic inflammatory diseases. Neutrophil function is highly dependent on their ability to produce superoxide, an oxygen radical which can be further metabolized to other free radicals. Whether or not neutrophils are capable of producing the oxygen radical nitric oxide (NO˙) has been a matter of debate.

    In this thesis it was shown that freshly isolated neutrophils from the joint cavity of patients with RA, but not from other arthritis patients, had ongoing intracellular production of superoxide, indicating the processing of ingested material.

    The finding that joint neutrophils, but seemingly not circulating cells, expressed the NO-inducing enzyme iNOS, led to a series of experiments aimed to elucidate where in the exudative process this enzyme could first be detected. We could finally, for the first time, present evidence that human neutrophils actually express iNOS constitutively. Our data also suggest that neutrophil iNOS may be membrane associated, thus differing from the cytosolic location in other cell types. Since NOS activity was not demonstrated in isolated cells, the notion that neutrophil iNOS is regulated primarily at the transcriptional level must be questioned. NO production from iNOS requires the presence of its substrate, L-arginine. To test the hypothesis that neutrophil arginase prevents neutrophil NO-production, we investigated whether arginase inhibition affects neutrophil NO-dependent oxidative function. Initial data revealed a difference in the effect of arginase inhibition comparing neutrophil stimulus with a soluble formylated tri-peptide (fMLF) and integrin-mediated stimulation with particle-bound collagen type-1. This led to the hypothesis that integrin-ligation on neutrophils induces extracellular liberation of arginase, which was confirmed both by measuring arginase and its enzyme activity. The findings in this thesis may be important not only regarding the role of neutrophils in chronic joint inflammation, but also as a link in the accelerated atherosclerosis observed in chronic inflammatory disorders, e.g. RA.

    List of papers
    1. Intracellular oxidative activation in synovial fluid neutrophils from patients with rheumatoid arthritis but not from other arthritis patients
    Open this publication in new window or tab >>Intracellular oxidative activation in synovial fluid neutrophils from patients with rheumatoid arthritis but not from other arthritis patients
    2007 (English)In: Journal of Rheumatology, ISSN 0315-162X, E-ISSN 1499-2752, Vol. 34, no 11, p. 2162-2170Article in journal (Refereed) Published
    Abstract [en]

    Objective: To compare total and intracellular oxidative activation of blood and synovial fluid (SF) neutrophils from patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and other arthritides with blood donor neutrophils.

    Methods: Peripheral blood and SF samples were obtained from 26 gonarthritis patients (13 RA, 13 non-RA) attending the rheumatology unit for therapeutic joint aspiration. Isolated neutrophils were stimulated by a formylated tripeptide (fMLF) or by microbeads coated with collagen-I. Formation of superoxide-anion-derived reactive oxygen species (ROS) was studied by luminol-enhanced chemiluminescence. Paired samples of blood and SF neutrophils from patients with active arthritis were compared with blood neutrophils from patients in remission and from 47 healthy blood donors.

    Results: SF neutrophils from patients with RA, but not from non-RA patients, showed high baseline intracellular ROS production. Blood neutrophils from arthritis patients in remission existed in a primed state as revealed by more rapid oxidative response after collagen-bead challenge and a more pronounced response after fMLF stimulation compared to healthy blood donors. Blood neutrophils from RA patients with ongoing gonarthritis, however, did not differ from healthy blood donors concerning oxidative activation, whereas blood neutrophils from non-RA patients with gonarthritis showed a significantly lower peak ROS production.

    Conclusions: A novel finding with pathogenetic implications in our study is that SF neutrophils from patients with RA, but not other arthritides, are activated and produce ROS intracellularly. This implies that synovial neutrophils in RA are engaged in the processing of endocytosed material.

    Keywords
    Neutrophils, Arthritis, Reactive oxygen species, Superoxide anion
    National Category
    Medical and Health Sciences
    Identifiers
    urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-14585 (URN)
    Available from: 2007-08-27 Created: 2007-08-27 Last updated: 2017-12-13
    2. Inducible nitric oxide synthase is expressed in synovial fluid granulocytes
    Open this publication in new window or tab >>Inducible nitric oxide synthase is expressed in synovial fluid granulocytes
    2002 (English)In: Clinical Experimental Immunology, ISSN 0009-9104, Vol. 130, p. 150-155Article in journal (Refereed) Published
    Abstract [en]

    The objective of the study was to evaluate the NO-producing potential of synovial fluid (SF) cells. SF from 15 patients with arthritis was compared with blood from the same individuals and with blood from 10 healthy controls. Cellular expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) was analysed by flow cytometry. High-performance liquid chromatography was used to measure L-arginine and L-citrulline. Nitrite and nitrate were measured colourimetrically utilizing the Griess' reaction. Compared to whole blood granulocytes in patients with chronic arthritis, a prominent iNOS expression was observed in SF granulocytes (P < 0.001). A slight, but statistically significant, increase in iNOS expression was also recorded in lymphocytes and monocytes from SF. L-arginine was elevated in SF compared to serum (257 ± 78 versus 176 ± 65 µmol/l, P = 0.008), whereas a slight increase in L-citrulline (33 ± 11 versus 26 ± 9 µmol/l), did not reach statistical significance. Great variations but no significant differences were observed comparing serum and SF levels of nitrite and nitrate, respectively, although the sum of nitrite and nitrate tended to be elevated in SF (19.2 ± 20.7 versus 8,6 ± 6.5 µmol/l,P = 0.054). Synovial fluid leucocytes, in particular granulocytes, express iNOS and may thus contribute to intra-articular NO production in arthritis.

    Keywords
    arthritis, granulocytes, iNOS, nitric oxide
    National Category
    Medical and Health Sciences
    Identifiers
    urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-14586 (URN)10.1046/j.1365-2249.2002.01959.x (DOI)
    Available from: 2007-08-27 Created: 2007-08-27 Last updated: 2015-08-31
    3. Inducible nitric oxide synthase (NOS II) is constitutive in human neutrophils
    Open this publication in new window or tab >>Inducible nitric oxide synthase (NOS II) is constitutive in human neutrophils
    Show others...
    2003 (English)In: APMIS, ISSN 0903-4641, Vol. 111, no 10, p. 963-968Article in journal (Refereed) Published
    Abstract [en]

    The objective was to study the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (NOS II) in and NO production by human blood neutrophils and in in vivo exudated neutrophils. Cellular expression of NOS II was evaluated by flow cytometry in whole blood, in isolated blood neutrophils, and in neutrophils obtained by exudation in vivo into skin chambers. Neutrophil NOS II was also demonstrated by Western blotting. Uptake of 3H-labelled L-arginine was studied in vitro and NOS activity measured in a whole cell assay by the conversion of 3H-arginine to 3H-citrulline. In contrast to unseparated blood cells, NOS II was demonstrable both in isolated blood neutrophils and exudated cells. The failure to detect NOS II by flow cytometry in whole blood cells thus proved to be due to the quenching effect of hemoglobin. Western blotting revealed a 130 kD band corresponding to NOS II in isolated blood neutrophils, but detection was dependent on diisopropylfluorophosphate for proteinase inhibition. L-arginine was taken up by neutrophils, but enzymatic activity could not be demonstrated. We conclude that human neutrophils constitutively express NOS II, but that its demonstration by FITC-labelling is inhibited by hemoglobin-mediated quenching in whole blood samples.

    Keywords
    Inflammation, nitric oxide, iNOS, granulocytes
    National Category
    Medical and Health Sciences
    Identifiers
    urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-14587 (URN)10.1034/j.1600-0463.2003.1111008.x (DOI)
    Available from: 2007-08-27 Created: 2007-08-27 Last updated: 2015-08-31
    4. Oxidative activation of human neutrophils by type-1-collagen-coated particles is influenced by nitric oxide production and modulated by endogenous arginase
    Open this publication in new window or tab >>Oxidative activation of human neutrophils by type-1-collagen-coated particles is influenced by nitric oxide production and modulated by endogenous arginase
    2007 (English)In: Journal of Leukocyte Biology, ISSN 0741-5400, E-ISSN 1938-3673Article in journal (Refereed) Submitted
    National Category
    Medical and Health Sciences
    Identifiers
    urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-14588 (URN)
    Available from: 2007-08-27 Created: 2007-08-27 Last updated: 2017-12-13
    Download full text (pdf)
    FULLTEXT01
  • 13637.
    Bill-Axelson, Anna
    et al.
    University of Uppsala Hospital, Sweden .
    Holmberg, Lars
    University of Uppsala Hospital, Sweden Kings Coll London, England .
    Garmo, Hans
    University of Uppsala Hospital, Sweden Kings Coll London, England .
    Rider, Jennifer R.
    Brigham and Womens Hospital, MA USA Harvard University, MA USA Harvard University, MA 02115 USA .
    Taari, Kimmo
    University of Helsinki, Finland .
    Busch, Christer
    University of Uppsala Hospital, Sweden .
    Nordling, Stig
    University of Helsinki, Finland .
    Haggman, Michael
    University of Uppsala Hospital, Sweden .
    Andersson, Swen-Olof
    University of Örebro, Sweden Örebro University Hospital, Sweden .
    Spångberg, Anders
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of Clinical Sciences. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Center for Surgery, Orthopaedics and Cancer Treatment, Department of Urology in Östergötland.
    Andren, Ove
    University of Örebro, Sweden Örebro University Hospital, Sweden .
    Palmgren, Juni
    Karolinska Institute, Sweden .
    Steineck, Gunnar
    Karolinska Institute, Sweden Sahlgrens Acad, Sweden .
    Adami, Hans-Olov
    Karolinska Institute, Sweden Harvard University, MA 02115 USA .
    Johansson, Jan-Erik
    University of Örebro, Sweden Örebro University Hospital, Sweden .
    Radical Prostatectomy or Watchful Waiting in Early Prostate Cancer2014In: New England Journal of Medicine, ISSN 0028-4793, E-ISSN 1533-4406, Vol. 370, no 10, p. 932-942Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    BackgroundRadical prostatectomy reduces mortality among men with localized prostate cancer; however, important questions regarding long-term benefit remain. MethodsBetween 1989 and 1999, we randomly assigned 695 men with early prostate cancer to watchful waiting or radical prostatectomy and followed them through the end of 2012. The primary end points in the Scandinavian Prostate Cancer Group Study Number 4 (SPCG-4) were death from any cause, death from prostate cancer, and the risk of metastases. Secondary end points included the initiation of androgen-deprivation therapy. ResultsDuring 23.2 years of follow-up, 200 of 347 men in the surgery group and 247 of the 348 men in the watchful-waiting group died. Of the deaths, 63 in the surgery group and 99 in the watchful-waiting group were due to prostate cancer; the relative risk was 0.56 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.41 to 0.77; P=0.001), and the absolute difference was 11.0 percentage points (95% CI, 4.5 to 17.5). The number needed to treat to prevent one death was 8. One man died after surgery in the radical-prostatectomy group. Androgen-deprivation therapy was used in fewer patients who underwent prostatectomy (a difference of 25.0 percentage points; 95% CI, 17.7 to 32.3). The benefit of surgery with respect to death from prostate cancer was largest in men younger than 65 years of age (relative risk, 0.45) and in those with intermediate-risk prostate cancer (relative risk, 0.38). However, radical prostatectomy was associated with a reduced risk of metastases among older men (relative risk, 0.68; P=0.04). ConclusionsExtended follow-up confirmed a substantial reduction in mortality after radical prostatectomy; the number needed to treat to prevent one death continued to decrease when the treatment was modified according to age at diagnosis and tumor risk. A large proportion of long-term survivors in the watchful-waiting group have not required any palliative treatment. (Funded by the Swedish Cancer Society and others.) The randomized Swedish trial of prostatectomy versus watchful waiting in disease detected mainly clinically (not by PSA screening) continues to show a benefit for early prostatectomy. The number of men younger than 65 needed to treat to prevent one death is now four. The Scandinavian Prostate Cancer Group Study Number 4 (SPCG-4), a randomized trial of radical prostatectomy versus watchful waiting in men with localized prostate cancer diagnosed before the era of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) testing, showed a survival benefit of radical prostatectomy as compared with observation at 15 years of follow-up.(1) By contrast, the Prostate Cancer Intervention versus Observation Trial (PIVOT), initiated in the early era of PSA testing, showed that radical prostatectomy did not significantly reduce prostate cancer-specific or overall mortality after 12 years.(2) PSA screening profoundly changes the clinical domain of study. Among other considerations, the substantial additional lead time ...

  • 13638.
    Lennernas, Bo
    et al.
    Department of Oncology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Majumder, Khairul
    Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Damber, Jan-Erik
    Department of Urology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Albertsson, Per
    Department of Oncology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Holmberg, Erik
    Regional Oncologic Centre, Gothenburg University, Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Brandberg, Yvonne
    Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Isacsson, Ulf
    Akademiska University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden.
    Ljung, Gunilla
    Mälar Hospital, Eskilstuna, Sweden.
    Damm, Ole
    Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Region Östergötland, Center for Surgery, Orthopaedics and Cancer Treatment, Department of Urology in Östergötland. Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of Clinical Sciences.
    Nilsson, Sten
    Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Radical prostatectomy versus high-dose irradiation in localized/locally advanced prostate cancer: A Swedish multicenter randomized trial with patient-reported outcomes2015In: Acta Oncologica, ISSN 0284-186X, E-ISSN 1651-226X, Vol. 54, no 6, p. 875-881Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Background . Treatment of localized prostate cancer (PC) is controversial. This is the fi rst randomized study compar-ing an open surgery procedure (radical prostatectomy) with a combination of high-dose rate brachytherapy (2 10 Gy) and external beam radiotherapy (25 2 Gy) in PC patients in Sweden 1996 – 2001. The two randomization arms were compared regarding differences in patients-reported outcomes, such as complications and health-related quality of life (HRQoL). Material and methods . The patients had localized/locally advanced PC, clinical category T1b – T3a, N0, M0 and PSA 50 ng/ml. All underwent total androgen blockade (six months). Self-reported HRQoL and symptoms including urinary, bowel, and sexual side effects were investigated prospectively before randomization and 12 and 24 months after randomization. A total of 89 patients were randomized and completed the EORTC QLQ C-33 and EORTC PR-25 questionnaires. Results . Over the study period, there were no discernible differences in HRQoL, or complications between the two groups. Emotional functioning, however, improved statistically signifi cantly over time, whereas Social functioning decreased, and fi nancial diffi culties increased. No statistically signifi cant differences in group-by-time interactions were found. The survival rate was 76%. Only eight patients (9%) died of PC. Conclusion . Open radical prostatectomy and the combined high-dose rate brachytherapy with external beam radiation appeared to be comparable in the measured outcomes. It was not possible to draw any conclusion on the effi cacy of the two treatments due to insuffi cient power of the study.

  • 13639.
    Bill-Axelson, Anna
    et al.
    University Uppsala Hospital.
    Holmberg, Lars
    University Uppsala Hospital.
    Ruutu, Mirja
    University of Helsinki.
    Garmo, Hans
    University Uppsala Hospital.
    Stark, Jennifer R
    Brigham and Womens Hospital.
    Busch, Christer
    University Uppsala Hospital.
    Nordling, Stig
    University Helsinki.
    Haggman, Michael
    Uppsala University Hospital.
    Andersson, Swen-Olof
    Department Urol, Orebro.
    Bratell, Stefan
    Boras Hospital.
    Spångberg, Anders
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Urology. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Centre for Surgery, Orthopaedics and Cancer Treatment, Department of Urology in Östergötland.
    Palmgren, Juni
    Karolinska Institute.
    Steineck, Gunnar
    Karolinska Institute.
    Adami, Hans-Olov
    Karolinska Institute.
    Johansson, Jan-Erik
    Department Urol, Orebro.
    Radical Prostatectomy versus Watchful Waiting in Early Prostate Cancer2011In: NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE, ISSN 0028-4793, Vol. 364, no 18, p. 1708-1717Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    BACKGROUND In 2008, we reported that radical prostatectomy, as compared with watchful waiting, reduces the rate of death from prostate cancer. After an additional 3 years of follow-up, we now report estimated 15-year results. METHODS From October 1989 through February 1999, we randomly assigned 695 men with early prostate cancer to watchful waiting or radical prostatectomy. Follow-up was complete through December 2009, with histopathological review of biopsy and radical-prostatectomy specimens and blinded evaluation of causes of death. Relative risks, with 95% confidence intervals, were estimated with the use of a Cox proportional-hazards model. RESULTS During a median of 12.8 years, 166 of the 347 men in the radical-prostatectomy group and 201 of the 348 in the watchful-waiting group died (P=0.007). In the case of 55 men assigned to surgery and 81 men assigned to watchful waiting, death was due to prostate cancer. This yielded a cumulative incidence of death from prostate cancer at 15 years of 14.6% and 20.7%, respectively (a difference of 6.1 percentage points; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.2 to 12.0), and a relative risk with surgery of 0.62 (95% CI, 0.44 to 0.87; P=0.01). The survival benefit was similar before and after 9 years of follow-up, was observed also among men with low-risk prostate cancer, and was confined to men younger than 65 years of age. The number needed to treat to avert one death was 15 overall and 7 for men younger than 65 years of age. Among men who underwent radical prostatectomy, those with extracapsular tumor growth had a risk of death from prostate cancer that was 7 times that of men without extracapsular tumor growth (relative risk, 6.9; 95% CI, 2.6 to 18.4). CONCLUSIONS Radical prostatectomy was associated with a reduction in the rate of death from prostate cancer. Men with extracapsular tumor growth may benefit from adjuvant local or systemic treatment.

  • 13640.
    Bill-Axelson, A.
    et al.
    Department of Urology, University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden, Department of Urology, University Hospital, SE-751 85 Uppsala, Sweden.
    Holmberg, L.
    Regional Oncologic Center, University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden.
    Ruutu, M.
    Depatment of Urology, University of Helsinki, University Hospital of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
    Haggman, M.
    Häggman, M., Department of Urology, University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden.
    Andersson, S.-O.
    Department of Urology, Örebro University Hospital, Örebro, Sweden.
    Bratell, S.
    Department of Urology, Boras Hospital, Boras, Sweden.
    Spångberg, Anders
    Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Urology . Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Centre of Surgery and Oncology, Department of Urology in Östergötland.
    Busch, C.
    Department of Pathology, University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden.
    Nordling, S.
    Department of Pathology, University of Helsinki, University Hospital of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
    Garmo, H.
    Regional Oncologic Center, University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden.
    Palmgren, J.
    Dept. Med. Epidemiol. Biostatist., Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Adami, H.-O.
    Dept. Med. Epidemiol. Biostatist., Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden, Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States.
    Norlen, B.J.
    Norlén, B.J., Department of Urology, University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden.
    Johansson, J.-E.
    Department of Urology, Örebro University Hospital, Örebro, Sweden, Ctr. for Assess. of Med. Technology, Örebro University Hospital, Örebro, Sweden.
    Radical prostatectomy versus watchful waiting in early prostate cancer2005In: New England Journal of Medicine, ISSN 0028-4793, E-ISSN 1533-4406, Vol. 352, no 19, p. 1977-1984Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    BACKGROUND: In 2002, we reported the initial results of a trial comparing radical prostatectomy with watchful waiting in the management of early prostate cancer. After three more years of follow-up, we report estimated 10-year results. METHODS: From October 1989 through February 1999, 695 men with early prostate cancer (mean age, 64.7 years) were randomly assigned to radical prostatectomy (347 men) or watchful waiting (348 men). The follow-up was complete through 2003, with blinded evaluation of the causes of death. The primary end point was death due to prostate cancer, the secondary end points were death from any cause, metastasis, and local progression. RESULTS: During a median of 8.2 years of follow-up, 83 men in the surgery group and 106 men in the watchful-waiting group died (P=0.04). In 30 of the 347 men assigned to surgery (8.6 percent) and 50 of the 348 men assigned to watchful waiting (14.4 percent), death was due to prostate cancer. The difference in the cumulative incidence of death due to prostate cancer increased from 2.0 percentage points after 5 years to 5.3 percentage points after 10 years, for a relative risk of 0.56 (95 percent confidence interval, 0.36 to 0.88, P=0.01 by Gray's test). For distant metastasis, the corresponding increase was from 1.7 to 10.2 percentage points, for a relative risk in the surgery group of 0.60 (95 percent confidence interval, 0.42 to 0.86, P=0.004 by Gray's test), and for local progression, the increase was from 19.1 to 25.1 percentage points, for a relative risk of 0.33 (95 percent confidence interval, 0.25 to 0.44, P<0.001 by Gray's test). CONCLUSIONS: Radical prostatectomy reduces disease-specific mortality, overall mortality, and the risks of metastasis and local progression. The absolute reduction in the risk of death after 10 years is small, but the reductions in the risks of metastasis and local tumor progression are substantial. Copyright © 2005 Massachusetts Medical Society.

  • 13641.
    Bill-Axelson, A.
    et al.
    Department of Urology, University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden.
    Holmberg, L.
    Regional Oncologic Center, University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden, King's College London, School of Medicine, Division of Cancer Studies, London, United Kingdom, Medical School, Division of Cancer Studies, Guy's Hospital, London SE1 9RT, United Kingdom.
    Filen, F.
    Filén, F., Department of Urology, University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden.
    Ruutu, M.
    Department of Urology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.
    Garmo, H.
    Regional Oncologic Center, University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden.
    Busch, C.
    Department of Pathology, University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden.
    Nordling, S.
    Department of Pathology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.
    Haggman, M.
    Häggman, M., Department of Urology, University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden.
    Andersson, S.-O.
    Department of Urology, Örebro University Hospital, Örebro, Sweden.
    Bratell, S.
    Department of Urology, Borås Hospital, Borås, Sweden.
    Spångberg, Anders
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Urology . Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Centre of Surgery and Oncology, Department of Urology in Östergötland.
    Palmgren, J.
    Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Adami, H.-O.
    Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden, Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States.
    Johansson, J.-E.
    Department of Urology, Örebro University Hospital, Örebro, Sweden, Center for Assessment of Medical Technology, Örebro University Hospital, Örebro, Sweden.
    Radical prostatectomy versus watchful waiting in localized prostate cancer: The Scandinavian prostate cancer group-4 randomized trial2008In: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, ISSN 0027-8874, E-ISSN 1460-2105, Vol. 100, no 16, p. 1144-1154Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Background: The benefit of radical prostatectomy in patients with early prostate cancer has been assessed in only one randomized trial. In 2005, we reported that radical prostatectomy improved prostate cancer survival compared with watchful waiting after a median of 8.2 years of follow-up. We now report results after 3 more years of follow-up. Methods: From October 1, 1989, through February 28, 1999, 695 men with clinically localized prostate cancer were randomly assigned to radical prostatectomy (n = 347) or watchful waiting (n = 348). Follow-up was complete through December 31, 2006, with histopathologic review and blinded evaluation of causes of death. Relative risks (RRs) were estimated using the Cox proportional hazards model. Statistical tests were two-sided. Results: During a median of 10.8 years of follow-up (range = 3 weeks to 17.2 years), 137 men in the surgery group and 156 in the watchful waiting group died (P =. 09). For 47 of the 347 men (13.5%) who were randomly assigned to surgery and 68 of the 348 men (19.5%) who were not, death was due to prostate cancer. The difference in cumulative incidence of death due to prostate cancer remained stable after about 10 years of follow-up. At 12 years, 12.5% of the surgery group and 17.9% of the watchful waiting group had died of prostate cancer (difference = 5.4%, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.2 to 11.1%), for a relative risk of 0.65 (95% CI = 0.45 to 0.94, P =. 03). The difference in cumulative incidence of distant metastases did not increase beyond 10 years of follow-up. At 12 years, 19.3% of men in the surgery group and 26% of men in the watchful waiting group had been diagnosed with distant metastases (difference = 6.7%, 95% CI = 0.2 to 13.2%), for a relative risk of 0.65 (95% CI = 0.47 to 0.88, P =. 006). Among men who underwent radical prostatectomy, those with extracapsular tumor growth had 14 times the risk of prostate cancer death as those without it (RR = 14.2, 95% CI = 3.3 to 61.8, P <. 001). Conclusion: Radical prostatectomy reduces prostate cancer mortality and risk of metastases with little or no further increase in benefit 10 or more years after surgery. © The Author 2008. Published by Oxford University Press.

  • 13642.
    Rosberg, Tomas
    et al.
    Statens väg- och transportforskningsinstitut, Förare och fordon, FOF.
    Thorslund, Birgitta
    Radio communication-based method for analysis of train driving in an ERTMS signaling environment2022In: European Transport Research Review, ISSN 1867-0717, E-ISSN 1866-8887, Vol. 14, no 1, article id 18Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Background ERTMS is an important project improving cross-border interoperability throughout Europe by a single rail signaling standard. One advantage following this development is a standardized radio signaling, which can be tracked by logging the data transfer using the ETCS protocol between Radio Block Center and train. This means that a broad spectrum of train driving can be analyzed in terms of for example driving behavior, signal planning and capacity in a new efficient way. Methods In this paper a radio-based protocol method to achieve this, is presented and applied for studying braking characteristics in terms of meeting point design. The aim was to design, apply and validate a radio-based train data collection method to enable cost-efficient and avoid time-consuming train data collections. To enable comparison between the results from the suggested radio-based method and traditional methods, a verification measurement was performed. Three different alternatives of speed calculation were validated. These were based on: Train Position Report speed; calculation of average speed based on reported train position; processed reported train position forming the average speed. The best alternative was then applied to examine deceleration towards different signal targets at single-track meeting points. Results The results from this study suggest that the ETCS Level 2 protocol is a feasible way to collect train dynamics data. The method is time saving when it comes to train driver behavior studies where several trains and drivers are needed to get significant results. Comparison with traditional GPS method suggest that the method is valid. Most promising is the alternative using processed train position.

  • 13643.
    Selma Martín, Fernando
    Linköping University, Department of Electrical Engineering.
    Radio Environment Improvement2005Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Magister), 20 points / 30 hpStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Mobile communications are a changing and really competitive market. Companies try to release new products and upgrade the old ones as soon as possible. And in this context it is where Ericsson Test Environment makes available to its customer one of the most comprehensive GSM test environments in the world.

    The test site at customer disposal provides a good environment for testing purpose and it allows them to improve and develop their products in really interesting time terms.

    To make this possible, a huge GSM network is enclosed inside its facilities and this entails some problem, mainly in the radio environment.

    The main aim of this thesis work is to study the radio network from an EMC point of view, how all this equipment interacts to each other and to propose possible improvements in order to make a test environment more competitive. Moreover, it will be valued electric magnetic field in the plant with the intention to find out if is possible to warrantee an operation free of disruption in the equipment.

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  • 13644.
    Buhaiu, Andrei
    Linköping University, Department of Computer and Information Science, Software and Systems. Linköping University, The Institute of Technology.
    Radio Frequency Remote Control Unit with Gyro and Accelerometer2013Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (Two Years)), 20 credits / 30 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Today digital TV receivers (Set-Top-Boxes) are mainly controlled by IR-based remote control units (RCUs). With new services emerging in thereceivers where better browsing and pointing abilities are desirable (VODservices, Web services, games etc), one solution is a new type of RF remotecontrol. An RF RCU has a number of advantages, e.g. when in range, ithas 100% reliable transmission, it is not sensitive to direction, and it doesnot require a free way to the receiver (i.e. it allows the receiver to be hiddenbehind the TV-set or in a cabinet).

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  • 13645.
    Pålstam, Simon
    Linköping University, Department of Electrical Engineering, Automatic Control.
    Radio Localization with GSM2016Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (Two Years)), 20 credits / 30 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    This thesis presents a feasibility study on unobtrusive localization of GSM en- abled cellphones using a Fake Base Station (FBS). An FBS is a radio transceiver that emulates the behaviour of a legitimate GSM Base Station (BS) to fool unal- tered cellphones to connect with it. This feasibility study investigates how an FBS can be utilized to estimate positions of connected cellphones in an area of interest. We present a proof of concept system that consists of a mobile FBS that measures the Time Of Arrival (TOA) and Received Signal Strength (RSS) to a cell- phone. The positions of the mobile FBS are determined with GPS. We employ calibration-free localization algorithms as we assume unknown environments and unknown hardware. Our experiments in an outdoor 180x100 m2 Line-Of- Sight (LOS) environment show that our calibration-free localization algorithms provide an average localization error less than 10 meters, which is sufficient for most applications of interest. In addition, our experiments show that RSS-based localization outperforms TOA-based localization when the average distance be- tween the FBS and cellphone is roughly 50 meters. Our experiments show that TOA-based localization outperforms RSS-based localization when the average dis- tance increases to roughly 75 meters.

    This research is part of the Smart Savannah project in which a wide range of different surveillance systems are developed to protect rhinos from poachers. We envision that our localization system can be used to detect and localize these poachers in an unobtrusive way. In addition, we envision that our localization sys- tem can be used in Search And Rescue (SAR) operations to estimate the positions of cellphones of missing persons. 

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  • 13646.
    Sunnergren, Ola
    et al.
    Öron-näs- och halskliniken, Ryhovs länssjukhus, Jönköping.
    Hemlin, Claes
    Öron- näsa- halskliniken, Aleris specialistvård Sabbatsberg, Stockholm.
    Ericsson, Elisabeth
    Linköping University, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Division of Nursing Science. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Anaesthetics, Operations and Specialty Surgery Center, Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care in Linköping.
    Hessén-Söderman, Anne-Charlotte
    Öron- näsa- halskliniken, Aleris specialistvård Sabbatsberg, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm.
    Hultcrantz, Elisabeth
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of Neuroscience. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Anaesthetics, Operations and Specialty Surgery Center, Department of Otorhinolaryngology in Linköping.
    Odhagen, Erik
    Öron-näs-halsmottgningen, Södra Älvsborgs sjukhus, Borås.
    Stalfors, Joacim
    Öron-näs och halsmottagningen, Sahlgrenska Universitetssjukhuset, Göteborg.
    Radiofrequency tonsillotomy in Sweden 2009-20122014In: European Archives of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, ISSN 0937-4477, E-ISSN 1434-4726, Vol. 271, no 6, p. 1823-1827Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The Swedish National Registry for TonsilSurgery has been operational since 1997. All ENT clinicsin Sweden are encouraged to submit data for all patientsscheduled for tonsil surgery. Preoperatively, age, genderand indication are recorded. Postoperatively, method(tonsillectomy or tonsillotomy), technique, and perioperativecomplications are recorded. Postoperative bleedings,pain, infections, and symptom relief are assessed throughquestionnaires. An earlier report from this registry showedthat tonsillotomy had become more common than tonsillectomyin children with tonsil-related upper airwayobstruction. The aim of this study was to categorize whichinstruments were used for tonsillotomy in Sweden and tocompare their outcome and complication rate. All children2–18 years, reported to the registry from March 2009 untilSeptember 2012, who underwent tonsillotomy on theindication upper airway obstruction, were included in thestudy. 1,676 patients were identified. In 1,602 cases(96 %), a radiofrequency instrument was used. The postoperativebleeding rate was low (1.2 %) and the degree ofsymptom relief was high (95.1 %). Three different radiofrequencyinstruments (ArthroCare Coblation, EllmanSurgitron, and Sutter CURIS) were used in 96 % of thepatients. There were no significant differences in thenumber of postoperative bleedings, postoperative infectionsor symptom relief between the instruments. The onlydifference found was in the number of days on analgesics,where more days were registered after use of Coblation.In Sweden, radiofrequency tonsillotomy is the dominantsurgical technique used for tonsil hypertrophy causingupper airway obstruction in children. There are no significantdifferences in outcome between the different radiofrequencyinstruments except for number of days onanalgesics after surgery.

  • 13647.
    Sunnergren, Ola
    et al.
    Ear-, Nose- and Throat Clinic, Ryhov County Hospital, Jönköping, Sweden.
    Hemlin, Claes
    Ear-, Nose- and Throat Clinic, Aleris Sabbatsberg Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Ericsson, Elisabeth
    Linköping University, Department of Medical and Health Sciences. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Anaesthetics, Operations and Specialty Surgery Center, Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care in Linköping.
    Hessén-Söderman, Anne-Charlotte
    Ear-, Nose- and Throat Clinic, Aleris Sabbatsberg Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Division of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Hultcrantz, Elisabeth
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences.
    Odhagen, Erik
    Ear-, Nose- and Throat Clinic, Södra Älvsborgs Hospital, Borås, Sweden.
    Stalfors, Joacim
    Ear-, Nose- and Throat Clinic, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Radiofrequency tonsillotomy in Sweden 2009–20122014In: European Archives of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, ISSN 0937-4477, E-ISSN 1434-4726, Vol. 271, no 6, p. 1823-1827Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The Swedish National Registry for Tonsil Surgery has been operational since 1997. All ENT clinics in Sweden are encouraged to submit data for all patients scheduled for tonsil surgery. Preoperatively, age, gender and indication are recorded. Postoperatively, method (tonsillectomy or tonsillotomy), technique, and perioperative complications are recorded. Postoperative bleedings, pain, infections, and symptom relief are assessed through questionnaires. An earlier report from this registry showed that tonsillotomy had become more common than tonsillectomy in children with tonsil-related upper airway obstruction. The aim of this study was to categorize which instruments were used for tonsillotomy in Sweden and to compare their outcome and complication rate. All children 2–18 years, reported to the registry from March 2009 until September 2012, who underwent tonsillotomy on the indication upper airway obstruction, were included in the study. 1,676 patients were identified. In 1,602 cases (96 %), a radiofrequency instrument was used. The postoperative bleeding rate was low (1.2 %) and the degree of symptom relief was high (95.1 %). Three different radiofrequency instruments (ArthroCare Coblation®, Ellman Surgitron®, and Sutter CURIS®) were used in 96 % of the patients. There were no significant differences in the number of postoperative bleedings, postoperative infections or symptom relief between the instruments. The only difference found was in the number of days on analgesics, where more days were registered after use of Coblation®. In Sweden, radiofrequency tonsillotomy is the dominant surgical technique used for tonsil hypertrophy causing upper airway obstruction in children. There are no significant differences in outcome between the different radiofrequency instruments except for number of days on analgesics after surgery.

  • 13648. Order onlineBuy this publication >>
    Lundvall, Lise-Lott
    Linköping University, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Division of Radiological Sciences. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Center for Diagnostics, Department of Radiology in Linköping.
    Radiographers’ professional practice: a Swedish perspective2014Licentiate thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    The general aim of this thesis was to empirically describe the radiographers’ professional scope in diagnostic imaging from the viewpoint of the practitioners and investigate how technical development affects the relations and actions in this practice.

    Data was collected by interviews and observations to both studies at the same time with two different aims. Eight radiographers (n=8) were interviewed. The interviews were open in character, were recorded with a digital voice recorder, and transcribed verbatim by the interviewer. The interview guide consisted of four interview questions. The observations of radiographers during their work with Computer Tomography (CT) and Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) were conducted in a middle-sized radiology department in the southern part of Sweden. The observations were ten (n=10) in total.

    Two different theoretical perspectives were used: phenomenology (Study I) and practice theory perspective (Study II). Data was analysed with a phenomenological method in Study I. In Study II data was firstly analysed inductively, which resulted in seven codes. Secondly, abduction was made by interpretation of these codes from a practice theory perspective. This led to four themes.

    The findings in Study I display the main aspect of the radiographers’ work with image production. Their general tasks and responsibilities can be viewed as a process with the goal of producing images that can be used for diagnosis purposes. The process has three different phases: planning the examination, production of images, and evaluation of the image quality. The radiographers experience the production of images as their autonomous professional area.

    The findings in Study II report how technology development affects the relations between different actors and their actions in the practice of Computer Tomography. Four themes were identified; 1) Changed materiality makes the practical action easier. Radiographers’ practica work with image production has become easier when working with CT  compared to conventional techniques because the CT usually performs the image production in one scan. 2) Changed machines cause conflict between the arrangements of the work and the patients` needs. It is difficult to plan the examination individually for each patient because of the arrangements of the CT practice, i.e. they have little information about the patient before the examination. 3) Changing materiality prefigures learning. The radiographers describe a need for constant learning activities because of the changing procedures for image production and new modalities for image production. If not achieved it may affect their relations with the patients. 4) How the connections between different practices lead to times when practical reasoning is required in the radiography process with CT. The connections between the different professions in CT practice mainly occur through material arrangements because physically they work in different areas. The external arrangements in CT practice pre-figure actions for securing accurate radiation level and image quality. But the radiographers, who meet the patients, have to critically judge the intended actions in relation to clinical observed data to ensure patient safety.

    List of papers
    1. Professionals' experiences of imaging in the radiography process – A phenomenological approach
    Open this publication in new window or tab >>Professionals' experiences of imaging in the radiography process – A phenomenological approach
    2014 (English)In: Radiography, ISSN 1078-8174, E-ISSN 1532-2831, Vol. 20, no 1, p. 48-52Article in journal (Refereed) Published
    Abstract [en]

    Introduction

    Previous studies on radiographers' professional work have shown that this practice covers both technology and patient care. How these two competence areas blend together in practice needs to be investigated. The professionals' experiences of their work have not been studied in depth, and there is a need to focus on their experiences of the main features of their practice.

    The aim

    To explore, from the perspective of the radiographer, the general tasks and responsibilities of their work.

    Method

    Data were generated through a combination of open interviews with radiographers and observations of their work with Computer Tomography (CT) and Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI). The interviews and observations were analysed using an interpretative phenomenological method.

    Result

    Radiographers' professional work with diagnostic imaging, in a Swedish context, can be viewed as a problem-solving process involving judgments and responsibility for obtaining images that can be used for diagnosis. The examination process comprises three phases; planning, producing the images, and evaluation. In the first phase the radiographer makes judgments on adapting the method to the individual patient, and the second phase involves responsibilities and practical skills for image production. In the third phase, the quality of the images is judged in relation to the actual patient and the imaging process itself.

    Conclusions

    Radiographers consider that the main features of their professional work are patient safety aspects and their knowledge and skills regarding how to produce images of optimal quality, in the actual circumstances of each examination.

    Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
    Elsevier, 2014
    Keywords
    Radiography process, Radiographer, Phenomenology, Diagnostic radiography
    National Category
    Medical and Health Sciences
    Identifiers
    urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-103181 (URN)10.1016/j.radi.2013.10.002 (DOI)2-s2.0-84891740515 (Scopus ID)
    Available from: 2014-01-14 Created: 2014-01-14 Last updated: 2023-12-28Bibliographically approved
    2. How do technical improvements change radiographers’ practice: a practice theory perspective
    Open this publication in new window or tab >>How do technical improvements change radiographers’ practice: a practice theory perspective
    2015 (English)In: Radiography, ISSN 1078-8174, E-ISSN 1532-2831, Vol. 21, no 3, p. 231-235Article in journal (Refereed) Published
    Abstract [en]

    Introduction: Technical improvements in medical imaging have led to the replacement of two-plane imaging techniques by multidimensional imaging. How this affects radiographers’ professional practice has not been investigated.

    Aim: To explore how technical development affects the relations between different actors and their actions in the practice of computed tomography.

    Method: A qualitative design was used with data collection by open interviews (n=8) and open observations (n=10) of radiographers during their work with computed tomography. Data was first analysed inductively, resulting in seven preliminary codes. The initial analysis was followed by a phase of abduction, in which the preliminary codes were interpreted theoretically through the lens of practice theory. This resulted in four final themes.

    Result: First theme: Changed materiality makes practical action easier. The actual image production has become practically easier. Second theme: New machines cause conflict between the structural arrangements of the work and the patient’s needs. The time required for the scanner to carry out image production is easy to foresee, but information about the patient’s individual status and needs is missing and this leads to difficulties in giving individual planned care. Third theme: Changing materiality prefigures learning. The different apparatus in use and the continuously changing methods of image production are coconstitutive of the practitioner’s activities and learning. Fourth theme: How the connections between different practices lead to moments of practical reasoning in the radiography process with CT. The practice of image production with computed tomography takes account of patient safety in relation to radiation doses and medical security risks. The different professions in CT practice are interconnected through common material objects such as computers and machines. However, the radiographers, who meet the patients, have to check the accuracy of the planned examination in relation to the clinical observed information about patient safety risks during the examination.

    Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
    Elsevier, 2015
    Keywords
    Practice, Radiographer, Radiography, Practice theory
    National Category
    Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Medical Imaging
    Identifiers
    urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-111721 (URN)10.1016/j.radi.2014.12.002 (DOI)
    Note

    When defending the Ph.D. thesis the status of this article was Manuscript.

    Available from: 2014-10-29 Created: 2014-10-29 Last updated: 2023-12-28Bibliographically approved
    Download full text (pdf)
    Radiographers’ professional practice: a Swedish perspective
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  • 13649.
    Lundvall, Lise-Lott
    Linköping University, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Division of Radiological Sciences. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences.
    Radiography in Practice: Work and Learning in Medical Imaging2019Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    Those following the profession of radiographer mainly work in the healthcare sector, with image production in medical imaging or with radiotherapy treatments. Radiographers are responsible for patient care and handling technology in this profession al field. Radiographers’ practice is interesting to study in relation to technical developments and changing conditions for performing professional work.

    The general aim of this thesis was to empirically explore the main features of radiographers’ work, how advances in tech n ology affect radiographers’ practice, interconnections with other practices and students learn in g in practice on the way to becoming professionals.

    Methods: Data was collected using interviews and observations (Papers I, II & IV). For Paper III, individual interviews were conducted. Data was analysed using a phenomenological interpretative method (Paper I) and practice theory perspective (Papers II–IV).

    Findings: Radiographers’ professional work with image production was seen as a process comprising three phases: planning the examination, producing the images, and evaluating the images. During this process, radiographers make judgements to ensure patient safety and adapt the technology in use to the individual patient. When conventional imaging techniques are converted into examinations performed by Computer Tomography, the planning phase of radiographers’ work process becomes more important. Technology improvements also mean that the technical aspects of radiographers’ work with image production are easier to foresee in scheduling examinations. The caring aspects however are difficult to plan for because of little information about the patient before the examination. The professional practices involved in medical imaging interconnect to ensure patient safety through materiality and common tasks and/ or projects. The content and quality of two artefacts, the referral and the image, in these interconnections are important in collaborative work to ensure patient safety within medical imaging. Radiography students learn professional knowing in practice i.e. practice-as-work, practice-as language and practice-as-morality, during their clinical placements through alternating between two modes of participation: either observing and listening or acting by themselves. The students developed knowing in practice if the other practitioners allowed them to alternate between these two modes of participation.

    Implications: The description of radiographers’ general tasks an d responsibilities in a work process can be used for both educational and professionalization purposes. The identified interconnections between involved professions are useful for quality improvement to secure patient safety. The findings about development of knowing in practice can be used in the planning and evaluation of clinical placements for students.

    List of papers
    1. Professionals' experiences of imaging in the radiography process – A phenomenological approach
    Open this publication in new window or tab >>Professionals' experiences of imaging in the radiography process – A phenomenological approach
    2014 (English)In: Radiography, ISSN 1078-8174, E-ISSN 1532-2831, Vol. 20, no 1, p. 48-52Article in journal (Refereed) Published
    Abstract [en]

    Introduction

    Previous studies on radiographers' professional work have shown that this practice covers both technology and patient care. How these two competence areas blend together in practice needs to be investigated. The professionals' experiences of their work have not been studied in depth, and there is a need to focus on their experiences of the main features of their practice.

    The aim

    To explore, from the perspective of the radiographer, the general tasks and responsibilities of their work.

    Method

    Data were generated through a combination of open interviews with radiographers and observations of their work with Computer Tomography (CT) and Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI). The interviews and observations were analysed using an interpretative phenomenological method.

    Result

    Radiographers' professional work with diagnostic imaging, in a Swedish context, can be viewed as a problem-solving process involving judgments and responsibility for obtaining images that can be used for diagnosis. The examination process comprises three phases; planning, producing the images, and evaluation. In the first phase the radiographer makes judgments on adapting the method to the individual patient, and the second phase involves responsibilities and practical skills for image production. In the third phase, the quality of the images is judged in relation to the actual patient and the imaging process itself.

    Conclusions

    Radiographers consider that the main features of their professional work are patient safety aspects and their knowledge and skills regarding how to produce images of optimal quality, in the actual circumstances of each examination.

    Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
    Elsevier, 2014
    Keywords
    Radiography process, Radiographer, Phenomenology, Diagnostic radiography
    National Category
    Medical and Health Sciences
    Identifiers
    urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-103181 (URN)10.1016/j.radi.2013.10.002 (DOI)2-s2.0-84891740515 (Scopus ID)
    Available from: 2014-01-14 Created: 2014-01-14 Last updated: 2023-12-28Bibliographically approved
    2. How do technical improvements change radiographers’ practice: a practice theory perspective
    Open this publication in new window or tab >>How do technical improvements change radiographers’ practice: a practice theory perspective
    2015 (English)In: Radiography, ISSN 1078-8174, E-ISSN 1532-2831, Vol. 21, no 3, p. 231-235Article in journal (Refereed) Published
    Abstract [en]

    Introduction: Technical improvements in medical imaging have led to the replacement of two-plane imaging techniques by multidimensional imaging. How this affects radiographers’ professional practice has not been investigated.

    Aim: To explore how technical development affects the relations between different actors and their actions in the practice of computed tomography.

    Method: A qualitative design was used with data collection by open interviews (n=8) and open observations (n=10) of radiographers during their work with computed tomography. Data was first analysed inductively, resulting in seven preliminary codes. The initial analysis was followed by a phase of abduction, in which the preliminary codes were interpreted theoretically through the lens of practice theory. This resulted in four final themes.

    Result: First theme: Changed materiality makes practical action easier. The actual image production has become practically easier. Second theme: New machines cause conflict between the structural arrangements of the work and the patient’s needs. The time required for the scanner to carry out image production is easy to foresee, but information about the patient’s individual status and needs is missing and this leads to difficulties in giving individual planned care. Third theme: Changing materiality prefigures learning. The different apparatus in use and the continuously changing methods of image production are coconstitutive of the practitioner’s activities and learning. Fourth theme: How the connections between different practices lead to moments of practical reasoning in the radiography process with CT. The practice of image production with computed tomography takes account of patient safety in relation to radiation doses and medical security risks. The different professions in CT practice are interconnected through common material objects such as computers and machines. However, the radiographers, who meet the patients, have to check the accuracy of the planned examination in relation to the clinical observed information about patient safety risks during the examination.

    Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
    Elsevier, 2015
    Keywords
    Practice, Radiographer, Radiography, Practice theory
    National Category
    Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Medical Imaging
    Identifiers
    urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-111721 (URN)10.1016/j.radi.2014.12.002 (DOI)
    Note

    When defending the Ph.D. thesis the status of this article was Manuscript.

    Available from: 2014-10-29 Created: 2014-10-29 Last updated: 2023-12-28Bibliographically approved
    Download full text (pdf)
    Radiography in Practice: Work and Learning in Medical Imaging
    Download (png)
    presentationsbild
  • 13650.
    Aljabery, Firas
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of Surgery, Orthopedics and Oncology. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Region Östergötland, Center for Surgery, Orthopaedics and Cancer Treatment, Department of Urology in Östergötland.
    Shabo, Ivan
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of Clinical Sciences. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Region Östergötland, Center for Surgery, Orthopaedics and Cancer Treatment, Department of Surgery in Linköping. Endocrine and Sarcoma Surgery Unit, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Karolinska University Hospital, Solna Stockholm, Sweden .
    Olsson, Hans
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of Neuro and Inflammation Science. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Region Östergötland, Center for Diagnostics, Clinical pathology.
    Gimm, Oliver
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of Surgery, Orthopedics and Oncology. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Region Östergötland, Center for Surgery, Orthopaedics and Cancer Treatment, Department of Surgery in Linköping.
    Jahnson, Staffan
    Region Östergötland, Center for Surgery, Orthopaedics and Cancer Treatment, Department of Urology in Östergötland. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of Surgery, Orthopedics and Oncology.
    Radio-guided sentinel lymph node detection and lymph node mapping in invasive urinary bladder cancer: a prospective clinical study.2017In: BJU International, ISSN 1464-4096, E-ISSN 1464-410X, Vol. 120, no 3, p. 329-336Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    OBJECTIVES: To investigate the possibility of detecting sentinel lymph nodes (SNs) in patients with urinary bladder cancer (BCa) intra-operatively and whether the histopathological status of the identified SNs reflected that of the lymphatic field.

    PATIENTS AND METHODS: We studied 103 patients with BCa pathological stage T1-T4 who were treated with cystectomy and pelvic lymph node (LN) dissection during 2005-2011 at the Department of Urology, Linköping University Hospital. Radioactive tracer Nanocoll 70 MBq and blue dye were injected into the bladder wall around the primary tumour before surgery. SNs were detected ex vivo during the operation with a handheld Geiger probe (Gamma Detection System; Neoprobe Corp., Dublin, OH, USA). All LNs were formalin-fixed, sectioned three times, mounted on slides and stained with haematoxylin and eosin. An experienced uropathologist evaluated the slides.

    RESULTS: The mean age of the patients was 69 years, and 80 (77%) were male. Pathological staging was T1-12 (12%), T2-20 (19%), T3-48 (47%) and T4-23 (22%). A mean (range) number of 31 (7-68) nodes per patient were examined, totalling 3 253 nodes. LN metastases were found in 41 patients (40%). SNs were detected in 83 of the 103 patients (80%). Sensitivity and specificity for detecting metastatic disease by SN biopsy (SNB) varied between LN stations, with average values of 67% and 90%, respectively. LN metastatic density (LNMD) had a significant prognostic impact; a value of ≥8% was significantly related to shorter survival. Lymphovascular invasion (LVI) occurred in 65% of patients (n = 67) and was significantly associated with shorter cancer-specific survival (P < 0.001).

    CONCLUSION: We conclude that SNB is not a reliable technique for peri-operative localization of LN metastases during cystectomy for BCa; however, LNMD has a significant prognostic value in BCa and may be useful in the clinical context and in BCa oncological and surgical research. LVI was also found to be a prognostic factor.

270271272273274275276 13601 - 13650 of 18555
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