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  • 2051.
    Calmunger, Mattias
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Engineering Materials. Linköping University, The Institute of Technology.
    Chai, Guocai
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Engineering Materials. Linköping University, The Institute of Technology. Sandvik Materials Technology, Strategy research, SE-81181 Sandviken, Sweden.
    Johansson, Sten
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Engineering Materials. Linköping University, The Institute of Technology.
    Moverare, Johan
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Engineering Materials. Linköping University, The Institute of Technology.
    Mechanical behaviors of alloy 617 with varied strain rates at high temperatures2014In: THERMEC 2013, Trans Tech Publications Ltd , 2014, Vol. 783-786, p. 1182-1187Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Nickel base alloys due to their high performances have been widely used in biomass and coal fired power plants. They can undertake plastic deformation with different strain rates such as those typically seen during creep and fatigue at elevated temperatures. In this study, the mechanical behaviors of Alloy 617 with strain rates from 10-2/s down to 10-6/s at temperatures of 650C and 700C have been studied using tensile tests. Furthermore, the microstructures have been investigated using electron backscatter detection and electron channeling contrast imaging. At relatively high strain rate, the alloy shows higher fracture strains at these temperatures. The microstructure investigation shows that it is caused by twinning induced plasticity due to DSA. The fracture strain reaches the highest value at a strain rate of 10-4/s and then it decreases dramatically. At strain rate of 10-6/s, the fracture strain at high temperature is now smaller than that at room temperature, and the strength also decreases with further decreasing strain rate. Dynamic recrystallization can also be observed usually combined with crack initiation and propagation. This is a new type of observation and the mechanisms involved are discussed. © (2014) Trans Tech Publications, Switzerland.

  • 2052.
    Brodin, Håkan
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Engineering Materials. Linköping University, The Institute of Technology. Siemens Industrial Turbomachinery AB, Finspång, Sweden.
    Andersson, Olov
    Siemens Industrial Turbomachinery AB, Finspång, Sweden.
    Johansson, Sten
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Engineering Materials. Linköping University, The Institute of Technology.
    Mechanical Behaviour and Microstructure Correlation in a Selective Laser Melted Superalloy2013In: ASME Turbo Expo 2013: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition, American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME) , 2013, Vol. 5A, p. 1-7Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Selective laser melting (SLM), or, as the industry standard denotes the process, laser sintering, is an additive manufacturing process where metal powder is melted by a laser source layer-wise, forming a solid, dense metallic component. With the SLM process, near net shape components can be manufactured directly from a CAD model. The model is sliced into thin (max 100μm thick) layers. Powder is spread onto a metallic build platform and the powder is fused by a laser as dictated by the CAD model. The laser energy is intense enough to permit full melting (welding) of the particles to form solid metal. The process is repeated layer by layer until the part is complete.

    A number of materials are available, including steel, aluminium, titanium and, in recent time, also superalloys. The material investigated in the current project is an alloy in agreement with the composition of Haynes International Hastelloy X, a solution strengthened superalloy typically used in large welded components exposed to high temperatures in oxidizing as well as reducing environments.

    Microstructurally, the material is different from both a hot-rolled, as well as a cast material due to the manufacturing process. Since the SLM process involves laser melting of powder particles in the size range of <50μm, the structure resembles of a weld structure, however on a smaller scale. Due to the layer-by-layer build strategy, the material will exhibit anisotropy. Different heat treatment approaches can be adopted in order to homogenize the material and to minimize the effect of anisotropy. A stress relieve heat treatment was adopted and compared to the findings of the as manufactured SLM material.

    The current project focuses on evaluating mechanical properties for a material manufactured by the SLM process and comparing to data for established manufacturing processes. For evaluation of the mechanical properties, low cycle fatigue testing and tensile testing has been performed. The microstructure and material deformation / cracking are evaluated by light optical microscopy and SEM, where electron backscatter diffraction is used. Due to the weld-like structure, the material will be transversely isotropic in the as-manufactured condition with one symmetry plane perpendicular to the build direction. Any direction perpendicular to the build direction tends to give increased strength compared to a direction parallel to the build direction if monotonic data are concerned. If fatigue properties are concerned, the anisotropy is also obvious. It is shown that the differences in behaviour can be coupled to microstructure.

  • 2053.
    Landén Ludvigsson, Maria
    et al.
    Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Region Östergötland, Local Health Care Services in West Östergötland, Department of Rehabilitation in Motala. Linköping University, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Division of Physiotherapy.
    Peterson, Gunnel
    Linköping University, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Division of Physiotherapy. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Uppsala University, Sweden.
    Jull, Gwendolen
    University of Queensland, Australia.
    Trygg, Johan
    Umeå University, Sweden.
    Peolsson, Anneli
    Linköping University, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Division of Physiotherapy. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences.
    Mechanical properties of the trapezius during scapular elevation in people with chronic whiplash associated disorders - A case-control ultrasound speckle tracking analysis2016In: Manual Therapy, ISSN 1356-689X, E-ISSN 1532-2769, Vol. 21, p. 177-182Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Background: Approximately 50% of people with Whiplash Associated Disorders (WAD) report longstanding symptoms. The upper trapezius is commonly painful yet its mechanical properties are not fully understood. Objectives: This study examined the deformation of different depths of the upper trapezius muscle during a scapular elevation task (shoulder shrugging) before and following loaded arm abduction. Design and Methods: A cross-sectional case-control study of 36 people (26 female and 10 male, mean age 38 (SD 11)) with chronic WAD and 36 controls, matched for age and gender. Real-time ultrasound recordings of upper trapezius were taken during both scapular elevation tasks. Post-process speckle tracking analysis was undertaken of three different sections of the upper trapezius muscle (superficial, middle, deep). Results: The WAD group had lower deformation of the superficial section of the upper trapezius compared to the control group in both concentric and eccentric phases of scapular elevation (p &lt; 0.05) especially before the loaded arm abduction. After arm abduction, the deformation of the trapezius was reduced in both groups but only significantly in the WAD-group (p = 0.03). Within-group analysis revealed that the control group least engaged the deep section of upper trapezius during the task (p &lt; 0.01). Conclusion: This study, measuring mechanical deformation of the upper trapezius during a scapular elevation task indicates that persons with WAD may display different patterns in engagement of the muscle sections than those in the control group. Further research is needed to replicate and understand the reasons for and implications of this possible change in motor strategy within upper trapezius. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  • 2054.
    Chai, Guocai
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Engineering Materials. Linköping University, The Institute of Technology. Sandvik Materials Technology, Sandviken, Sweden.
    Stenvall, Peter
    Strategy Research, Sandvik Materials Technology, Sandviken, Sweden.
    Mechanisms for Cleavage Fracture in Duplex Stainless Steels2013Conference paper (Other academic)
  • 2055.
    Collin, Sven-Olof Yrjö
    et al.
    Department of Business Studies Kristianstad University.
    Smith, Elin
    Department of Business Studies Kristianstad University.
    Umans, Timurs
    Department of Business Studies Kristianstad University.
    Broberg, Pernilla
    Department of Business Studies Kristianstad University.
    Tagesson, Torbjörn
    Department of Business Studies Kristianstad University.
    Mechanisms of corporate governance going international: Testing its performance effects in the Swedish economy, 20042013In: Baltic Journal of Management, ISSN 1746-5265, Vol. 8, no 1, p. 79-101Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Globalisation includes international product markets and capital, but also involves internationalisation of corporate governance mechanisms. We propose that internationalisation of governance mechanisms is related to improved performance of the corporation. For example, listing at several stock markets implies pressure to improve information flow and stronger adherence to international standards, which will reduce possibility for slack. Recruiting top managers and board members from an international arena will, among other things, enlarge the market for managerial labour and the market for board members, presumably putting more pressure on present managers and board members, and increase the probability of finding an adequate new manager or new board members. An integrated EU would support the internationalisation of the mechanisms through reducing the transaction costs of Europeanization. An initial test on a sample of listed Swedish corporations indicates that the proposition could be rejected. Two main reasons can be found as an interpretation of the results 1.) that mechanisms with governance functions, such as capital structure and the board have several functions, and that the governance function is not always the most important one, and 2.) that governance mechanisms cannot be analysed in isolation, since they are included in a coherent corporate governance strategy.

  • 2056.
    Yrsjö Collin, Sven-Olof
    et al.
    School of Business and Economics, Linnæus University, Växjö, Sweden).
    Smith, Elin
    Department of Business Administration, Kristianstad University, Kristianstad, Sweden.
    Umans, Timurs
    Department of Business Administration, Kristianstad University, Kristianstad, Sweden.
    Broberg, Pernilla
    Department of Business Administration, Kristianstad University, Kristianstad, Sweden.
    Tagesson, Torbjörn
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Business Administration. Linköping University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences.
    Mechanisms of corporate governance going international: Testing its performance effects in the Swedish economy, 20042013In: Baltic Journal of Management, ISSN 1746-5265, E-ISSN 1746-5273, Vol. 8, no 1, p. 79-101Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Purpose - The paper aims to investigate how internationalisation of corporate governance mechanisms influences firm performance.

    Design/methodology/approach - The paper is based on the data collected from annual reports of the year 2004 from all 239 Swedish corporations listed on the Stockholm Stock Exchange on which a quantitative analysis was performed.

    Findings - Our findings suggest that internationalisation of corporate governance does not a straight forward influence on firm performance. Which can be due to 1.) that mechanisms with governance functions have several functions of which governance is but one, and 2.) that governance mechanisms cannot be analyzed in isolation, since they are included in a coherent corporate governance strategy.

    Originality/value - The paper is the first attempt to treat corporate governance mechanisms' internationalisation issue in combination rather then is separation with each other.

  • 2057.
    Franca, Adalberto
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Project Innovations and Entrepreneurship. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Lakemond, Nicolette
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Project Innovations and Entrepreneurship. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Holmberg, Gunnar
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Project Innovations and Entrepreneurship. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Mechanisms of Innovation in Complex Products Systems: An Innovation System Approach2017In: Conexões: Ciência e Tecnologia, ISSN 1982-176X, Vol. 34, no 01, p. 47-54Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    A well-known strategy for driving innovation in the complex product systems (CoPS) industry is to stimulate the national institutions to follow a particular technology by using open innovation strategies. However, less is known about the mechanisms that CoPS organizations use to implement such strategies and how firms can stimulate the technology maturity process. Based on a study of the Swedish aerospace industry, we use a macro-level analysis in this paper to report a systemic approach in which the Swedish aerospace industry together with other national actors, such as universities, research institutes, and governmental agencies, leverage their capabilities and innovation.

  • 2058. Order onlineBuy this publication >>
    Niu, Kaifeng
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Materials design. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Mechanistic investigations of chemical reactions on 2D MXenes and metal surfaces from first-principles2023Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    Chemical reactions on surfaces play a central role both for our daily life and industrial purposes, including the storage and release of energy, as well as the formation of new materials. To achieve high efficiency, catalysis lies in the heart of chemical reactions as it plays a critical role in accelerating the chemical transformation to target products. However, environmental issues arise as the applications of catalytic technologies and current synthetic approaches such as pollution from undesirable byproducts and massive emission of carbon dioxides due to the usage of fossil fuels. This calls for developing improved strategies for fabricating new materials with highly efficient catalytic properties. In recent years, on-surface chemical reactions have also been used to synthesize new low-dimensional materials with atomic precision, by coupling molecules into nanostructures. It is crucial to not only obtain high activity for chemical reactions, but also achieve distinct selectivity towards desired products. For this purpose, understanding mechanisms of target chemical reactions and origins of catalysts’ activity are of great significance to facilitate chemical processes.

    In this thesis, three types of chemical reactions are investigated within the framework of density functional theory (DFT), in which chemical reactions relevant for both heterogeneous catalysis and electrochemical synthesis are considered on two-dimensional transition metal carbides (2D MXenes), and chemical reactions for synthesizing organic nanostructures are studied on metal surfaces. Focusing on one of the most fundamental chemical reaction, C(sp3)-H activation, we demonstrate that MXenes can serve as highly efficient heterogeneous catalysts and exhibit high activity. The thermally triggered C-H activations are shown to follow the “radical-like” mechanism on MXenes, in which O terminations serve as active sites. By adopting the hydrogen affinity (EH) as a descriptor, both the geometry configuration and the catalytic activity of MXenes can be quantitatively characterized.

    In the context of on-surface synthesis, we theoretically propose reaction mechanisms of two types of chemical reactions on surface. A new strategy for constructing C-C bonds via the desulfonylation reaction was achieved experimentally for the first time by collaborators. With DFT calculations, an observed discrepancy between Ag(111) and Au(111) is ascribed to interactions between surfaces and molecules. Secondly, the formation mechanism of the 2D biphenylene network (BPN), a recently realized carbon allotrope formed by intermolecular HF zipping on Au(111), has been computationally investigated.

    With the tool of DFT calculations, a single Ni atom catalyst supported by Ti3C2T2 MXenes for electrochemical nitrogen reduction has been theoretically proposed. Such single atom catalyst (SAC) is computationally screened from three aspects including stability, activity, and selectivity. Our theoretical results show that not only the catalytic performance of the Ni SAC predicted by screening criteria can be verified, but also a H rich environment can be beneficial for the electrochemical nitrogen reduction on such SACs.

    In summary, first-principles calculations have been performed to evaluate the catalytic performance of 2D MXenes towards C-H activation, unravel formation mechanisms of organic materials synthesized via on-surface reactions, and design effective catalysts towards the synthesis of ammonia. It is anticipated that this thesis can pave the way for the rational design of high-efficient catalysts for various reactions and shed lights on developing synthetic strategies of unprecedented organic materials.

    List of papers
    1. C-H activation of light alkanes on MXenes predicted by hydrogen affinity
    Open this publication in new window or tab >>C-H activation of light alkanes on MXenes predicted by hydrogen affinity
    2020 (English)In: Physical Chemistry, Chemical Physics - PCCP, ISSN 1463-9076, E-ISSN 1463-9084, Vol. 22, no 33, p. 18622-18630Article in journal (Refereed) Published
    Abstract [en]

    C-H activation of light alkanes is one of the most important reactions for a plethora of applications but requires catalysts to operate at feasible conditions. MXenes, a new group of two-dimensional materials, have shown great promise as heterogeneous catalysts for several applications. However, the catalytic activity of MXenes depends on the type and distribution of termination groups. Theoretically, it is desired to search for a relation between the catalytic activity and the termination configuration by employing a simple descriptor in order to avoid tedious activation energy calculations. Here, we show that MXenes are promising for splitting C-H bonds of light alkanes. Furthermore, we present how a quantitative descriptor - the hydrogen affinity - can be used to characterize the termination configuration of Ti2CTz(T = O, OH) MXenes, as well as the catalytic activity towards dehydrogenation reactions, using propane as model system. First-principles calculations reveal that the hydrogen affinity can be considered as an intrinsic property of O and OH terminated Ti2C MXenes, in which the mean hydrogen affinity for the terminated Ti2C MXenes is linearly correlated to the statistical average of their OH fraction. In addition, the C-H activation energies exhibit a strong scaling relationship to the hydrogen affinity. This quantity can therefore yield quick predictions of catalytic activity of terminated Ti2C MXenes towards C-H activations, and even predict their chemical selectivity toward scissoring different C-H bonds. We believe that the hydrogen affinity will accelerate the discovery of further applications of the broad family of MXenes in heterogeneous catalysis.

    Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
    ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY, 2020
    National Category
    Organic Chemistry
    Identifiers
    urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-169965 (URN)10.1039/d0cp02471f (DOI)000565157900034 ()32789324 (PubMedID)
    Note

    Funding Agencies|Swedish Research CouncilSwedish Research Council; Swedish Government Strategic Research Area in Materials Science on Functional Materials at Linkoping University [2009 00971]; National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC)National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) [21790053, 51821002]; Major State Basic Research Development Program of ChinaNational Basic Research Program of China [2017YFA0205000]; Knut and Alice Wallenberg (KAW) FoundationKnut & Alice Wallenberg Foundation; Swedish Foundation for Strategic Research (SSF)Swedish Foundation for Strategic Research [EM16-0004]

    Available from: 2020-09-28 Created: 2020-09-28 Last updated: 2023-01-30
    2. Structure-activity correlation of Ti2CT2 MXenes for C-H activation
    Open this publication in new window or tab >>Structure-activity correlation of Ti2CT2 MXenes for C-H activation
    2021 (English)In: Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter, ISSN 0953-8984, E-ISSN 1361-648X, Vol. 33, no 23, article id 235201Article in journal (Refereed) Published
    Abstract [en]

    As a bourgeoning class of 2D materials, MXenes have recently attracted significant attention within heterogeneous catalysis for promoting reactions such as hydrogen evolution and C-H activation. However, the catalytic activity of MXenes is highly dependent on the structural configuration including termination groups and their distribution. Therefore, understanding the relation between the structure and the activity is desired for the rational design of MXenes as high-efficient catalysts. Here, we present that the correlation between the structure and activity of Ti2CT2 (T is a combination of O, OH and/or F) MXenes for C-H activation can be linked by a quantitative descriptor: the hydrogen affinity (E (H)). A linear correlation is observed between the mean hydrogen affinity and the overall ratio of O terminations (x (O)) in Ti2CT2 MXenes, in which hydrogen affinity increases as the x (O) decreases, regardless to the species of termination groups. In addition, the hydrogen affinity is more sensitive to the presence of OH termination than F terminations. Moreover, the linear correlation between the hydrogen affinity and the activity of Ti2CT2 MXenes for C-H activation of both -CH3 and -CH2- groups can be extended to be valid for all three possible termination groups. Such a correlation provides fast prediction of the activity of general Ti2CT2 MXenes, avoiding tedious activation energy calculations. We anticipate that the findings have the potential to accelerate the development of MXenes for heterogeneous catalysis applications.

    Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
    IOP PUBLISHING LTD, 2021
    Keywords
    MXenes; heterogeneous catalysis; hydrogen affinity; dehydrogenation; C&#8211; H activation
    National Category
    Theoretical Chemistry
    Identifiers
    urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-175794 (URN)10.1088/1361-648X/abe8a1 (DOI)000649098700001 ()33618346 (PubMedID)
    Note

    Funding Agencies|Swedish Research CouncilSwedish Research CouncilEuropean Commission; Swedish Government Strategic Research Area in Materials Science on Functional Materials at Linkoping University (Faculty Grant SFO-Mat-LiU) [2009 00971]; National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC)National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) [21790053, 51821002]; Ministry of Science and Technology [2017YFA0205002]; Swedish Foundation for Strategic Research (SSF)Swedish Foundation for Strategic Research [EM16-0004]; Knut and Alice Wallenberg (KAW) FoundationKnut & Alice Wallenberg Foundation

    Available from: 2021-05-25 Created: 2021-05-25 Last updated: 2023-01-30
    3. Influence of Molecular Configurations on the Desulfonylation Reactions on Metal Surfaces
    Open this publication in new window or tab >>Influence of Molecular Configurations on the Desulfonylation Reactions on Metal Surfaces
    Show others...
    2022 (English)In: Journal of the American Chemical Society, ISSN 0002-7863, E-ISSN 1520-5126, Vol. 144, no 47, p. 21596-21605Article in journal (Refereed) Published
    Abstract [en]

    On-surface synthesis is a powerful methodology for the fabrication of low-dimensional functional materials. The precursor molecules usually anchor on different metal surfaces via similar configurations. The activation energies are therefore solely determined by the chemical activity of the respective metal surfaces. Here, we studied the influence of the detailed adsorption configuration on the activation energy on different metal surfaces. We systematically studied the desulfonylation homocoupling for a molecular precursor on Au(111) and Ag(111) and found that the activation energy is lower on inert Au(111) than on Ag(111). Combining scanning tunneling microscopy observations, synchrotron radiation photoemission spectroscopy measurements, and density functional theory calculations, we elucidate that the phenomenon arises from different molecule-substrate interactions. The molecular precursors anchor on Au(111) via Au-S interactions, which lead to weakening of the phenyl-S bonds. On the other hand, the molecular precursors anchor on Ag(111) via Ag-O interactions, resulting in the lifting of the S atoms. As a consequence, the activation barrier of the desulfonylation reactions is higher on Ag(111), although silver is generally more chemically active than gold. Our study not only reports a new type of on-surface chemical reaction but also clarifies the influence of detailed adsorption configurations on specific on-surface chemical reactions.

    Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
    AMER CHEMICAL SOC, 2022
    National Category
    Inorganic Chemistry
    Identifiers
    urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-190338 (URN)10.1021/jacs.2c08736 (DOI)000886513500001 ()36383110 (PubMedID)
    Note

    Funding Agencies|National Major State Basic Research Development Program of China [2017YFA0205000, 2017YFA0205002]; Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities [GK202201001, GK202203002]; National Natural Science Foundation of China [22272099, 22072102, 21872099, 21790053, 51821002]; Users with Excellence Program of Hefei Science Center CAS [2020HSC-UE004]; Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science Technology; Swedish research council

    Available from: 2022-12-06 Created: 2022-12-06 Last updated: 2023-11-09Bibliographically approved
    4. Unveiling the formation mechanism of the biphenylene network
    Open this publication in new window or tab >>Unveiling the formation mechanism of the biphenylene network
    Show others...
    2023 (English)In: Nanoscale Horizons, ISSN 2055-6764, E-ISSN 2055-6756, Vol. 8, no 3, p. 368-376Article in journal (Refereed) Published
    Abstract [en]

    We have computationally studied the formation mechanism of the biphenylene network via the intermolecular HF zipping, as well as identified key intermediates experimentally, on the Au(111) surface. We elucidate that the zipping process consists of a series of defluorinations, dehydrogenations, and C–C coupling reactions. The Au substrate not only serves as the active site for defluorination and dehydrogenation, but also forms C–Au bonds that stabilize the defluorinated and dehydrogenated phenylene radicals, leading to "standing" benzyne groups. Despite that the C–C coupling between the "standing" benzyne groups is identified as the rate-limiting step, the limiting barrier can be reduced by the adjacent chemisorbed benzyne groups. The theoretically proposed mechanism is further supported by scanning tunneling microscopy experiments, in which the key intermediate state containing chemisorbed benzyne groups can be observed. This study provides a comprehensive understanding towards the on-surface intermolecular HF zipping, anticipated to be instructive for its future applications.

    Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
    ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY, 2023
    National Category
    Organic Chemistry
    Identifiers
    urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-191351 (URN)10.1039/d2nh00528j (DOI)000911564700001 ()36629866 (PubMedID)
    Funder
    German Research Foundation (DFG)Knut and Alice Wallenberg FoundationSwedish Research CouncilGöran Gustafsson Foundation for Research in Natural Sciences and Medicine
    Note

    Funding: Swedish Research council; Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft [223848855-SFB1083]; Knut and Alice Wallenberg (KAW) Foundation; Goran Gustafsson foundation; Collaborative Innovation Centre of Suzhou Nano Science Technology; Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions (PAPD); 111 Project; Alexander von Humboldt-Foundation; National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) [21790053, 51821002]; Ministry of Science and Technology [2017YFA0205002]; LOEWE Focus Group PriOSS

    Available from: 2023-01-30 Created: 2023-01-30 Last updated: 2024-02-27Bibliographically approved
    5. Termination-Accelerated Electrochemical Nitrogen Fixation on Single-Atom Catalysts Supported by MXenes
    Open this publication in new window or tab >>Termination-Accelerated Electrochemical Nitrogen Fixation on Single-Atom Catalysts Supported by MXenes
    2022 (English)In: Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters, ISSN 1948-7185, E-ISSN 1948-7185, Vol. 13, no 12, p. 2800-2807Article in journal (Refereed) Published
    Abstract [en]

    The synthesis of ammonia (NH3) from nitrogen (N2) under ambientconditions is of great significance but hindered by the lack of highly efficient catalysts. Byperformingfirst-principles calculations, we have investigated the feasibility for employing atransition metal (TM) atom, supported on Ti3C2T2MXene with O/OH terminations, as asingle-atom catalyst (SAC) for electrochemical nitrogen reduction. The potential catalyticperformance of TM single atoms is evaluated by their adsorption behavior on the MXene,together with their ability to bind N2and to desorb NH3molecules. Of importance, the OHterminations on Ti3C2T2MXene can effectively enhance the N2adsorption and decrease theNH3adsorption for single atoms. Based on proposed criteria for promising SACs, ourcalculations further demonstrate that the Ni/Ti3C2O0.19(OH)1.81exhibits reasonablethermodynamics and kinetics toward electrochemical nitrogen reduction.

    Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
    American Chemical Society (ACS), 2022
    National Category
    Other Chemistry Topics
    Identifiers
    urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-184739 (URN)10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c00195 (DOI)000783184700019 ()35319214 (PubMedID)
    Note

    Funding Agencies|Collaborative Innovation Centre of Suzhou Nano Science Technology; Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions (PAPD); 111 ProjectMinistry of Education, China - 111 Project; National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC)National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) [21790053, 51821002]; Ministry of Science and Technology [2017YFA0205002]; Knut and Alice Wallenberg (KAW) Foundation for a Fellowship/Scholar Grant; Swedish Foundation for Strategic Research (SSF)Swedish Foundation for Strategic Research [EM160004]

    Available from: 2022-05-10 Created: 2022-05-10 Last updated: 2023-01-30
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  • 2059.
    Jonsson, Elin
    Linköping University, Department of Culture and Communication. Linköping University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences.
    Med framgång i sikte: En studie av forskningens syn på gynnsamma faktorer för läs- och skrivutveckling2012Independent thesis Advanced level (professional degree), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [sv]

    I denna uppsats jämförs och diskuteras gynnsamma faktorer för elevers läs- och skrivutveckling. Jag lyfter fram tre olika forskares syn på vad som kan ha en positiv inverkan för elevers utveckling på området och sätter det i relation till gynnsamma faktorer för lärande i stort. Frågeställningarna berör likheter i forskarnas metoder, lärarrollen samt lärande utifrån individ- och grupperspektiv.

     

    Som jag skrev ovan så fokuseras arbetets kring tre huvudtexter. Dessa texter är Judith Langers Effective Literacy Instruction (2002), Palincsar och Browns Reciprocal Teaching (1984) och Graham, Harris och Santangelos Self-Regulated Strategy Development (2008). Dessa tre texter ger tillsammans en bild av faktorer som kan vara av betydelse för både läs- och skrivutveckling.

     

    I resultaten av studien kommer bland annat vikten av att eleverna lär sig strategier fram. En lustfylld och trygg miljö är något som visat sig vara ytterst viktigt för både lärare och elev. Av resultatet går också att konstatera att både individanpassat lärande och lärande i grupp har sina fördelar.

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  • 2060.
    Tran, Stina
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Business Administration. Linköping University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences.
    Fuentes, Julia
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Business Administration. Linköping University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences.
    Med servitören i handen: Självserviceteknologins influens på kundnöjdhet i restaurangbranschen2017Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (One Year)), 20 credits / 30 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Purpose - The purpose of this study is to examine whether the service process with integrated self-service technology in the restaurant industry entails a higher or lower customer satisfaction than service without integrated self-service technology.

    Hypothesis - Service with integrated self-service technology in the restaurant industry entails a higher customer satisfaction than service without integrated self-service technology.

    Methodology - Secondary research and quantitative surveys were used to answer the research question. The study has a cross-sectional design and a deductive approach, where the analysis was conducted through a Mann Whitney U-test and Spearman’s rank correlation.

    Findings - The results of the study found that, in the restaurant industry, service with integrated self-service technology entails a higher level of customer satisfaction than service without integrated self-service technology.

    Limitations - The study examines the level of customer satisfaction in services with integrated mobile applications and no other self-service technology.

    Originality/Value - The study creates a basis for the leading positions in the restaurant industry about whether they should take into account the digitalization or not and if they should change their strategy regarding the service process.

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  • 2061.
    Lumma-Sellenthin, Antje
    Linköping University, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Health and Society. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Medical students' attitudes towards group and self-regulated learning2012In: International Journal of Medical Education, E-ISSN 2042-6372, Vol. 3, p. 46-56Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Objectives: The study is aimed at exploring the association between beginning students' attitudes towards group learning and their awareness of learning strategies, to demographic variables and their exposure to problem-based or mixed curricula.

    Methods: The descriptive cross-sectional design included students (N = 351) from two medical schools with lecture-based and two with problem-based curricula from Germany and Sweden. Gender, age, personal and parents' practice experience within health care were assessed. A questionnaire was designed for measuring attitudes towards group and individual learning, awareness of learning strategies was assessed with the Metacognitive Awareness Inventory. The t-test for independent groups was applied to compare dependent variables between personal factors, and multivariate statistics to compare medical schools.

    Results: Students' personal work experience correlated with self-regulation (t(333) = -3.307; p = 0.001) and group learning experience (t(341) = -2.971; p = 0.003). Students from the German problem-based curriculum reported most experience with group learning (largest mean difference compared to the German lecture-based curriculum = 1.45 on a Likert scale from 1 to 7; SE = 0.181; p < 0.001), and were better at regulating their learning strategies than students from the Swedish lecture-based school (mean difference 0.18; SE = 0.181; p = 0.034).

    Conclusions: Students' clinical experience seemed to benefit self-regulation skills. Problem-based teaching methods and early interprofessional education appear to be favorable learning conditions for the development of professional skills.

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  • 2062.
    Sörensen, Ida
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Biology.
    Meerkats (Suricata suricatta) are able to detect hidden food using olfactory cues2018Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (Two Years)), 40 credits / 60 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Meerkats are known to strongly rely on chemical communication in social contexts. However, little is known about their use of the sense of smell in food detection and selection. The aim of the present study was therefore to assess whether meerkats are able to (1) detect hidden food using olfactory cues, (2) distinguish the odour of real food from a single food odour component, and (3) build an association between the odour of real food and a novel odour. I employed the buried food test, widely used with rodents to assess basic olfactory abilities, designed to take advantage of the propensity of meerkats to dig. I found that the meerkats were clearly able to find all four food types tested (mouse, chicken, mealworm, banana) using olfactory cues alone and that they successfully discriminated between the odour of real food and a food odour component. In both tasks, the animals dug in the food-bearing corner of the test arena as the first one significantly more often than in the other three corners, suggesting development of an efficient foraging strategy. No significant association-building between a food odour and a novel odour was found within the 60 trials performed per animal. I conclude that meerkats are able to use olfactory cues when foraging and that their sense of smell is well-adapted for recognizing specific odours of behavioural relevance. To the best of my knowledge, this is the first study to successfully employ the buried food test with a carnivore species.

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  • 2063. Order onlineBuy this publication >>
    Carlsson, Inga-Lill
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Logistics Management. Linköping University, The Institute of Technology.
    Meeting increased logistical demands: Developing as a small- and medium-sized system supplier2009Licentiate thesis, monograph (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    Many subcontractors choose to implement a strategy of “system supply” in order to meetincreasing global competition. They are then confronted with increased demands to take agreater overall responsibility in this role. It is important to investigate the implications of theseresponsibilities before investing in developing the organization, especially for a small- ormedium-sized subcontractor with limited resources. The customer’s view of different demandsdoes not necessarily correspond to how the supplier sees and chooses to interpret and meetthose demands. A supplier with several customers has to create reasonably uniform routines tomeet different demands, in order to cut costs. The customers chosen to serve as well asattitudes and priorities may influence the way different customer demands are met. Thepurpose of this study is to describe what the widened role of system supply might mean to asmall- or medium-sized subcontractor in terms of demands, capabilities and resources.

    After going through previous theory about different supplier roles and their characteristics asmall exploratory survey comparing demands between a component supplier and a systemsupplier was carried out. “System supplier” is, in this thesis, defined as a supplier with anoverall responsibility for the functionality of a product or a system of assembled components,produced in several process steps, and the resulting liability for purchase of material andservices. The focus is on small- or medium-sized suppliers that provide production services andare developing towards system supplying capabilities. The survey, based on existing customeragreements and demands on a relatively small supplier that is developing towards a systemsupplying role, gives insight to how customers and suppliers look at these demands. The resultsclearly point out some improvement areas. These are divided into a few “system demands”(such as systematic purchase and logistics work, product development and projectmanagement, and increased responsibilities) and more “generic demands” (for example qualityand delivery-precision).

    A small- or medium-sized subcontractor must acquire some logistics capabilities in order tocope with the system supplying role. In a multiple case study, a comparison of three companiesof different sizes with varying degrees of system supplying services is presented. With theresource-based view as a linchpin the interviews point out the importance of the management’sstrategic alignment to supply chain management and logistics, with special focus on centralsourcing and sourcing from low-cost regions. Other capabilities such as IT and communicationsystems, cost reduction capability, volume flexibility and breadth of product lines are alsoidentified. The interviews also served the purpose of identifying important resources groupedinto three different categories: organizational, competence-base, and tools. The differencesbetween the companies and in what way these different resources influence the formation ofdifferent logistics capabilities to support system supply are discussed.

    The conclusions drawn from comparing the three companies point out five system capabilities.One is the importance of a clear and distinct organization where the management understandsits role and responsibilities, managing its part of a larger system and its inherent processes.Supply chain management is another important system capability, where logistics skills andenhanced understanding and use of IT and other tools are identified as areas to improve for thesmaller companies. The importance of managing internal and external relations with extrafocus on customer relations is stressed. This also generally requires more overall managementof communications, making the best possible use of existing information and communicationstechnology. Finally, a basic and order-qualifying capability of managing the “genericdemands” is emphasized.

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  • 2064.
    Holgersson, Emelie
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Information Systems. Linköping University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences.
    Jäderlund, Jeanette
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Information Systems. Linköping University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences.
    ”Mellan 08:00 och 16:42 då befinner ni er på 90-talet…”: En studie om hur digital transformation styrs i svensk offentlig sektor2020Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (One Year)), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Background: In recent years, the world has been characterized by continuous connection and technical development for organizations, where digitalization can change organizations as a whole. In 2017, the Swedish Parliament set a goal that says that the country shall be the best nation in world in using the opportunities that comes from digitalization. This has led to higher demands for the public sector and it is identified to be a challenge for public sector to fulfill this goal. This especially regarding to the governance of digital transformation.

    Purpose: This study aims to investigate the governance of digital transformation in a context of the Swedish public sector. The study also seeks to understand what influences the governance of digital transformation in the same context.

    Methodology: In order to fulfill the purpose of this study, a qualitative research strategy was used along with an inductive research approach with iterative elements. The used research design was a single case study with multiple units of analysis. The empirical data was collected at two public authorities through semistructured interviews and document studies. The empirical data was processed and analyzed through a thematic analysis, presented in themes and subthemes.

    Conclusion: The result of this study shows that there are multiple perspectives regarding governance of digital transformation in the Swedish public sector. The work is complex and consists of multiple stakeholders and expectations that are considered. Furthermore, portfolio management and relevant models and frameworks are used with a set goal of creating structure and ensure suitable priorities. Multiple aspects that affect governance of digital transformation in the Swedish public sector are identified to be both governmental and internal premises. Some of these are political regulations and the outside world’s development.

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  • 2065.
    Landström, Inger
    Linköping University, Department of Behavioural Sciences. Linköping University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences.
    Mellan samtid och tradition: folkhögskolans identitet i kursutbudets yrkesinriktning2004Doctoral thesis, monograph (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    In this thesis the vocational orientation of the courses offered - as an expression of the folk high school's self-identity- is analysed. The point of departure was that what the folk high school do, is a way to show what it wants to be and, therefore, reflects what it is. Focus is on how the folk high school meets with contemporary tasks and demands in different areas of society. The research objects are, the folk high school as type of school (a total of 147 schools) and a sample of ten individual schools with different ownership. The study is about what the offered courses reveal about the folk high school's reflections and conclusions as regards its future activities in relation to its history and contemporary society.

    The theoretical framework of the thesis is built on the sociologist Anthony Giddens 'Theory of Structuration' and the concepts of structure and agency. Reflections about the surrounding world and the contributions the schools' want to make in society is assumed to result in a more or less conscious strategy for the future, the folk high school's course politics as it is expressed in action. The identity has been interpreted in vocational roles as they appear in course contents. The word 'vocation' is used in almost the same sense as Giddens defines 'work'.

    Self-identity was analysed from three different kinds of texts and with one question for each. In the first perspective focus is on official investigations and political decisions, in the period 1970-2000. What role in society is imposed upon the folk high school in contemporary educational policies? In the second perspective all courses offered at all folk high schools in 1972 and 2000 are studied, in order to present a picture of the overall pattern of vocational orientation. In the third perspective the course politics of the ten selected folk high schools are investigated, from the start of the respective schools, and in relation to what each school thinks it 'is'- with different owners and in its particular geographical situation.

    One overriding conclusion is that the characteristics that make the identity of the folk high school seem unclear and paradoxical are the very same that constitute the self-identity of the folk high school as being complex and multifaceted. The self-identity seems paradoxical when the vocational orientation presents itself as both preserving traditions and answering to today's needs. In other words, the school 'does what it has always done' (is conservative) and at the same time 'captures new needs and tasks' (is flexible).

    The folk high school's role and uniqueness in what they actually do can be understood as what I have called 'contemporaneous civic functionaries'. Their profiles emerge when flexibility is based on history. I want to designate 'existential rationality' to the motivating mechanism that seems to at the same time force changes and lean on own experiences. Expressing contemporary self-identity is grounded in the individual tradition as motivationbased values, cultural and geographic conditions.

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    Mellan samtid och tradition: folkhögskolans identitet i kursutbudets yrkesinriktning
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  • 2066. Order onlineBuy this publication >>
    Larsson, Kjerstin
    Linköping University, Department of Behavioural Sciences and Learning, Sociology. Linköping University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences.
    Mellanchefer som utvecklar: om förutsättningar för hållbart utvecklingsarbete inom vård och omsorg2008Doctoral thesis, monograph (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    The aim of the dissertation is to describe, analyse and discuss those organisational and interorganisational conditions which are of importance for the enablement of middle managers to drive sustainable development in activity areas. The intention is to study the interplay between organisational and inter-organisational conditions coupled to the change competence of the middle managers. The research has been carried out within the framework of an extensive national R&D project within healthcare and caring. The aim of the project was to work with a sustainable development effort which had as its foundation a broad

    participation between employees and management.

    The study is a qualitative study with an interactive type of approach, which implies an ambition to carry out research with those affected within the framework of a joint knowledge gathering. The interactive research attempts to be of practical use, but the aim is primarily to contribute to theoretical development. The data collection methods which have been used are visits to the workplaces, interviews, “critical-incident” methods, reflective-PMs (within the framework of two education areas), analytical dialog and reflective seminars, informal conversations and feedback meetings. A number of common activities have been organised within the framework of the national project, which have also functioned as data collection and common analyses, as well as national conferences, steering group meetings etc.

    The results of the dissertation show that middle managers within the healthcare and caring sector can have a strategic role in the development of this activity area. The intention of my research has not been to generalise the results in the traditional interpretation, but to reveal mechanisms and prerequisites for the middle managers in organising development efforts. The organisational conditions – in the form of economy, responsibility, authority, professionalisation and company culture – strongly affect the prerequisites of the middle manager for driving a development effort. My research demonstrates interesting opportunities for the middle managers concerning achieving a vertical and horizontal integration of the development effort. There are examples of how the middle managers have been able to influence and utilise these prerequisites in order to create room for action in the organisation for driving a development effort. They have availed themselves of goal orientation, created room for learning and reflection and have created an organisational culture that supports development. The inter-organisational prerequisitess – in the form of an external network, research support and collaboration of parties – has been important for the middle managers in their development efforts.

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  • 2067.
    Yu, Xianxi
    et al.
    Fudan Univ, Peoples R China.
    Shen, Tangyao
    Fudan Univ, Peoples R China.
    Zhu, Chunqin
    Fudan Univ, Peoples R China.
    Zeng, Qi
    Shanghai Univ Engn Sci, Peoples R China.
    Yu, Anran
    Fudan Univ, Peoples R China.
    Liu, Shaobo
    Fudan Univ, Peoples R China.
    Yi, Ruichen
    Fudan Univ, Peoples R China.
    Weng, Zhenhua
    Fudan Univ, Peoples R China.
    Zhan, Yiqiang
    Fudan Univ, Peoples R China.
    Hou, Xiaoyuan
    Fudan Univ, Peoples R China.
    Qin, Jiajun
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Electronic and photonic materials. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering. Fudan Univ, Peoples R China.
    Memory Devices via Unipolar Resistive Switching in Symmetric Organic-Inorganic Perovskite Nanoscale Heterolayers2020In: ACS Applied Nano Materials, E-ISSN 2574-0970, Vol. 3, no 12, p. 11889-11896Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Organic-inorganic hybrid perovskite thin films with nanostructured polycrystalline grains have shown great potential in various nanoscale optoelectrical applications. Among them, the field of electrical memory has fallen behind due to insufficient knowledge of the related resistive switching characters and mechanisms. In the present work, switching behaviors of perovskite memory devices are systematically analyzed by comparing them with organic memory devices. We found that decreasing the conductivity of a polycrystalline perovskite thin layer would lead to unipolar switching behaviors, which is supplementary to the present perovskite memory family where bipolar switching is commonly reported. Moreover, our proposed symmetrical device with a nanoscale heterolayer structure enables us not only to achieve highly reproducible unipolar switching devices but also to settle the argument whether microconducting channels exist within perovskite memory devices through characterizing the microscopic morphological homogeneity. Surprisingly, the scanning electron microscopy results show that partial 10 pm large perovskite grains would be decomposed into various 100 nm small grains under high external bias, indicating the presence of microconducting channels. Furthermore, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy results together with photoluminescence results of the perovskite thin film before and after applying bias are nearly identical, demonstrating that microconducting channels are formed without any difference in compositions or optical properties. Our discoveries provide a practical strategy to achieve electrical storage via organic-inorganic hybrid perovskite thin-film devices.

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  • 2068.
    McColl, Heidi
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Economics.
    Men in Power: The Significance of the Representation of Women in terms of Gender Equality in the National Legislatures of Sweden and Canada2005Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Magister)Student thesis
    Abstract [en]

    The representation of women in numbers in national legislatures is an issue of great importance to Feminist researchers around the world. While the representation of women is an accomplishment in its own right, what remains to be said is whether or not the representation of women in national parliaments affects the level of gender equality present to a great extent. In this paper, gender equality is measured in terms of general working conditions in parliament, such as the distribution of women among standing parliamentary committees, and the attitudes of parliamentarians towards the issue of gender equality. In this multi-strategy research design a combination of qualitative and quantitative methods is used in the form of questionnaires, interviews and statistical analyses in order to establish the significance of the representation of women in the national legislatures of Sweden and Canada. The national legislatures in Sweden, the Riksdag, and Canada, the House of Commons, were compared as the Riksdag represents a progressive case in terms of the presence of women with 45 percent women, while the House of Commons represents a less progressive case with only 21 percent women. The Politics of Presence theory represents the theoretical framework for this study and is tested in order to determine whether the presence of women truly matters.

    In this study it is found that the presence of women in national legislatures does not signify gender equality as conditions of gender inequality are found in the attitudes and working conditions in the Canadian House of Commons and in the working conditions of the Swedish Riksdag. It is concluded that the representation of women does not matter with regards to gender equality as situations of gender inequality exist in both national legislatures investigated.

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  • 2069.
    Bendtsen, Marcus
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Division of Society and Health. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences.
    Thomas, Kristin
    Linköping University, Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Division of Society and Health. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences.
    Mental health promotion among university students using a mobile health intervention: longitudinal findings from a randomized controlled trial2021In: European Journal of Applied Positive Psychology, ISSN 2397-7116, Vol. 5, article id 12Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Background: Research shows that positive psychology interventions have a small to medium effect on wellbeing, depression, anxiety, and stress. However, few studies have investigated long-term mental health outcomes.

    Methods: This paper reports on the 6- and 12-month effects of a mobile phone based positive psychology intervention on wellbeing among university students in Sweden. A 2-arm, single blind (researchers), parallel groups, randomized controlled trial was employed.

    Results: In total 654 individuals (25 years median age, 78% female) were randomized to the intervention (n=348) or control group (n=306). Primary outcome was positive mental health (Mental Health Continuum-Short Form).  Secondary outcomes were depression and anxiety symptomatology (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale). A lasting effect on wellbeing was observed. An immediate positive effect was observed on anxiety and depression outcomes which waned over time.

    Discussion and conclusions: The findings suggest that mobile phone-based interventions could be an important tool in a wider strategy for mental health promotion. Future research could improve on the effects observed in this study by finding ways to optimise person-activity fit and tailor the intervention content.

  • 2070.
    De Koning, Jotte Ilbine Jozine Charlotte
    et al.
    Delft University of technology, Netherlands.
    Crul, Marcel Rudolphus Maria
    Delft University of Technology, Netherlands.
    Van Engelen, Jo
    Delft University of Technology, Netherlands.
    Wever, Renee
    Delft University of Technology, Netherlands.
    Brezet, JC
    Delft University of Technology, Netherlands.
    Mental innovation space of Vietnamese agro-food firms2016In: British Food Journal, ISSN 0007-070X, E-ISSN 1758-4108, Vol. 118, no 6, p. 1516-1532Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Purpose– Vietnamese agro-food firms are often small and have short value chains. They are facing increasing competition from multinationals to serve the consumers of the rising middle class. It is assumed that co-creation or open-innovation can be a competitive innovation strategy for the Vietnamese firms. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to understand whether the agro-food firms have the “mental space” or an according mindset to innovate with their customers. Design/methodology/approach– A three dimensional model of “mental innovation space” (MIS) was developed, comprising of the: focus of innovation, level of innovation and degree of collaboration. A total of 14 Vietnamese agro-food companies agreed to embark on a process of problem definition for innovation according to these three dimensions. This process creates a deeper understanding of the firms’ fuzzy front end of innovation and results in less hypothetical findings, compared with traditional interviews. Findings– The results show that the Vietnamese agro-food firms have a rather small MIS. They are inexperienced with innovation in new product development and are even more unfamiliar with co-creation. However, the firms recognise the need for innovation and are enthusiastic about the use of co-creation. The applications of co-creation firms foresee are close to the market, motivated by meeting customer demand and keeping up with competitors. Originality/value– The characteristics and willingness of the Vietnamese agro-food firms make that it is believed an open atmosphere can be created. Then, co-creation can foster innovation in order to strengthen their competitive position.

  • 2071.
    Got, Elisa
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Economics.
    Sanz, Fabrice
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Economics.
    Merger & Acquisition : Avoiding the path of decay2002Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Magister)Student thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Background : Globalisation has led company to think globally and act locally. Such a change in the business world have made emerge the need to find partner around the world, and even to merge with complementary companies in order to sustain the corporate strategic advantage and to create value.

    Purpose : The objective of this paper is to integrate major Merger & Acquisitions theories in order to establish a warning model pointing out the main pitfalls changing promising motivations into failed implementation in the process of Merger & Acquisition. Such a model will aim at preventing managers engaged in a transnational horizontal merger from the potential hazards leading to value destruction.

    Delimitations : We choose to focus on the transnational merger because it should play with different national management and with the consequent variance in cultural distance ; the human and social context appears more clearly as fundamentally variable when a merger involves different sensibilities.

    Results : After having integrated the main theoretical finding into a holistic framework which enabled us to shape a warning model we tested successfully in case of Pharmacia-Upjohn merger, which aims at analysing the general risks of one strategic merger or/and the following implementation process.

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  • 2072.
    Riedel, Ann-Kristin
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Economics.
    Sosa, Edith Teresa
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Economics.
    Mergers in the Swedish Press2003Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Magister)Student thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Background: During the last decades, mergers and acquisitions have filled hundreds of book and newspaper pages. Despite the great number of research works in this field, there is no much agreement about the advantages of this strategy. Some writers point out that newspapers devote more space to mergers that fail. Taking into account the widespread influence of newspapers in modern society, they way in which they picture merger outcomes and their explanations for the success or failure of this strategy should not be disregarded.

    Purpose: Our purpose is to describe and analyze how different Swedish newspapers depict the outcomes of mergers.

    Procedure: We chose five relatively recent cross-border mergers that involved a Swedish company. We selected several relevant articles from two general newspapers, a business newspaper and a business magazine. Following an inductive approach, we identified the factors used in those articles to depict post merger outcomes and classified them into "hard" and "soft".

    Results: We found that newspapers usually evaluate the success or failure of merger taking into account the motives lying behind the merger. Synergy is given the greatest importance among both the hard and soft factors used to depict merger outcomes. Culture and the human side of mergers are soft factors not frequently treated. Indeed, it is evident that newspapers recognizetheir importance for a successful merger. Newspapers give a picture of post merger outcomes that covers both "hard" and "soft" factors while the research works selected have more partial views.

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  • 2073.
    Riedel, Ann-Kristin
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Economics.
    Sosa, Edith Teresa
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Economics.
    Mergers in the Swedish Press2003Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Magister)Student thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Background: During the last decades, mergers and acquisitions have filled hundreds of book and newspaper pages. Despite the great number of research works in this field, there is no much agreement about the advantages of this strategy. Some writers point out that newspapers devote more space to mergers that fail. Taking into account the widespread influence of newspapers in modern society, they way in which they picture merger outcomes and their explanations for the success or failure of this strategy should not be disregarded. Purpose: Our purpose is to describe and analyze how different Swedish newspapers depict the outcomes of mergers. Procedure: We chose five relatively recent cross-border mergers that involved a Swedish company. We selected several relevant articles from two general newspapers, a business newspaper and a business magazine. Following an inductive approach, we identified the factors used in those articles to depict post merger outcomes and classified them into"hard"and"soft". Results: We found that newspapers usually evaluate the success or failure of merger taking into account the motives lying behindthe merger. Synergy is given the greatest importance among both the hard and soft factors used to depict merger outcomes. Culture and the human side of mergers are soft factors not frequently treated. Indeed, it is evident that newspapers recognize their importance for a successful merger. Newspapers give a picture of post merger outcomes that covers both"hard"and"soft"factors while the research works selected have more partial views.

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  • 2074.
    Svedjeholm, Rolf
    et al.
    Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Linköping University, Department of Medicine and Health Sciences, Thoracic Surgery. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Heart Centre, Department of Thoracic and Vascular Surgery.
    Vidlund, M
    Håkansson, Erik
    Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Linköping University, Department of Medicine and Health Sciences, Thoracic Surgery. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Heart Centre, Department of Thoracic and Vascular Surgery.
    Vanhanen, Ingemar
    Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Linköping University, Department of Medicine and Health Sciences, Thoracic Surgery. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Heart Centre, Department of Thoracic and Vascular Surgery.
    Metabolic strategy in patients with left ventricular dysfunction undergoing CABG2008In: Controversies and Advances in the treatment of Cardiovascular Disease,2008, 2008Conference paper (Refereed)
  • 2075.
    Aghaie Joobani, Hossein
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering. Linköping University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences.
    Meta-Geopolitics of Central Asia: A Comparative Study of the Regional Influence of the European Union and the Shanghai Co-operation Organization2013Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (Two Years)), 20 credits / 30 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Central Asia has been the focal point of intense geopolitical power struggle throughout history. At the dawn of the 21st century, Central Asia has undergone major changes as the European Union and the China-led Shanghai Co-operation Organization have emerged as two normative powers, both seeking to influence the patterns of security governance in the region. This study aims to delve deep into ‘the black boxes’ of the EU’s and China’s foreign policies toward five CA republics. It starts from the premise that the bulk of research on Eurasian politics tend to concentrate mostly on realist and traditional geopolitical doctrine, which seem to have failed to properly explain the normative and ideational transformations that have taken place in the region as a result of the presence of these two emerging normative agents. By interweaving both realist and constructivist theories of International Relations (IR) into a new all-encompassing analytical framework, termed “meta-geopolitics”, the thesis seeks to trace and examine how geopolitical as well as normative components of the EU and Chinese regional strategies have affected the contemporary power dynamics in the post-Soviet space. I argue that, in contrast to the geopolitical struggle during the 19th and 20th centuries, a clash of normative powers is brewing in the region between China, under the aegis of the SCO, and the EU. The research also concludes that China has relatively been in a better position in comparison to the EU to render its policies as feasible, effective and legitimate to the Central Asian states. 

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  • 2076.
    Krook, Joakim
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Environmental Technique and Management . Linköping University, The Institute of Technology.
    Mårtensson, Anders
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Environmental Technique and Management . Linköping University, The Institute of Technology.
    Eklund, Mats
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Environmental Technique and Management . Linköping University, The Institute of Technology.
    Metal contamination in recovered waste wood used as energy source in Sweden.2004In: Resources, Conservation and Recycling, ISSN 0921-3449, Vol. 41, no 1, p. 1-14Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Large amounts of recovered waste wood (RWW) originating from construction and demolition activities (C&DWW) and industrial activities (IWW) are annually generated in Sweden. RWW is also imported for use as an energy source at biofuel boilers. Increased use of biomass is one strategy to decrease environmental impact, in general, and the emissions of green house gases, in particular. This study addresses the environmental and resource implications of metal occurrence in RWW that is used as an energy source at biofuel boilers. RWW contains elevated concentrations of arsenic, chromium, copper, zinc, mercury, nickel, lead and possibly cadmium. The metal composition of Swedish and imported RWW differs in that Swedish RWW contains higher concentrations of arsenic, chromium, zinc, nickel and copper, while imported RWW contains higher concentrations of lead, mercury and cadmium. Ashes from combustion of RWW are nowadays generally disposed in landfills due to their elevated metal concentrations. This practice makes it impossible to use these ashes as filler material thereby replacing extraction of raw materials and decreasing the need for landfill space. Furthermore, landfilling leads to accumulation of hazardous heavy metals that poses a future environmental and health problem. If RWW from construction and demolition should contribute optimally to a sustainable energy system, cleaner waste wood flows are a prerequisite. The elementary measure is to track potential pollution sources in this waste stream and find out which are significant. Furthermore, since most of the RWW is untreated and unpolluted wood, there is a great environmental potential to separate this flow through the waste management system. Such an approach might lead to decreased environmental pollution of heavy metals and an improved resource management.

  • 2077.
    Kumawat, Naresh Kumar
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Biomolecular and Organic Electronics. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Yuan, Zhongcheng
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Biomolecular and Organic Electronics. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Bai, Sai
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Biomolecular and Organic Electronics. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Gao, Feng
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Biomolecular and Organic Electronics. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Metal Doping/Alloying of Cesium Lead Halide Perovskite Nanocrystals and their Applications in Light-Emitting Diodes with Enhanced Efficiency and Stability2019In: Israel Journal of Chemistry, ISSN 0021-2148, Vol. 59, no 8, p. 695-707Article, review/survey (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Metal halide perovskite nanocrystals (NCs) have demonstrated great advances for light-emitting diodes (LEDs) applications, owing to their excellent optical, electrical properties and cost-effective solution-processing potentials. Tremendous progress has been made in perovskite NCs-based LEDs during the past several years, with the external quantum efficiency (EQE) boosted to over 20 %. Recently, metal doping/alloying strategy has been explored to finely tune the optoelectronic properties and enhance material stability of perovskite NCs, leading to further improved device efficiency and stability of the obtained perovskite NCs-based LEDs. In this review, we summarize recent progress on the metal doping/alloying of perovskite NCs and their applications in LEDs. We focus on the effects of different metal doping strategies on the structural and optoelectronic properties of the perovskite NCs. In addition, several works on high-performance LEDs based on metal doped/alloyed perovskite NCs with different light emission colours are highlighted. Finally, we present an outlook on employing metal doping/alloying strategies to further improve the device efficiency and stability of LEDs based on perovskite NCs.

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  • 2078.
    Tarkian, Mehdi
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Machine Design. Linköping University, The Institute of Technology.
    Vemula, Bhanoday
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Machine Design. Linköping University, The Institute of Technology.
    Feng, Xiaolong
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Machine Design. Linköping University, The Institute of Technology.
    Ölvander, johan
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Machine Design. Linköping University, The Institute of Technology.
    Metamodel Based Design Automation – Applied on Multidisciplinary Design Optimization of Industrial Robots2012In: Proceedings of the ASME InternationalDesign Engineering Technical Conferences & Computers and information in Engineering Conference,Washington, USA, Aug 2012, 2012, p. 833-845Conference paper (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    Intricate and complex dependencies between multiple disciplines require iterative intensive optimization processes. To this end, multidisciplinary design optimization (MDO) has been established as a convincing concurrent technique to manage inherited complexities.

    This paper presents a high level CAD and CAE design automation methodology which enables fast, efficient concept generation for MDO. To increase the evaluation speed, global metamodels are introduced to replace computationally expensive CAD and CAE models. In addition, various techniques are applied to drastically decrease the number ofsamplings required to create the metamodels. In the final part of the paper, a multi-level optimization strategy is proposed to find the optimal concept.

    As proof of concept, a real world design problem, from ABB industrial robotics, is presented.

  • 2079.
    Karlsson, Fredrik
    Linköping University, Department of Computer and Information Science. Linköping University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences.
    Method configuration: method and computerized tool support2005Doctoral thesis, monograph (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    In this dissertation, method configuration is treated as a kind of method engineering, focusing on adaptation of a base method. A conceptual framework, a meta-method and a computerized tool support for method configuration are proposed. These are built around the three basic constructs method component, configuration package and configuration template, where reuse and method rationale are central for the design. A method component is a self-contained part of a method expressing the transformation of one or several artefacts into a defined target artefact and the rationale for such a transformation. The selection of components is based on the components- expressed rationale and the purpose of the configuration activity is to reach rationality resonance between project members and the situational method that is created. Configuration packages are pre-made reusable configurations of a base method, based on the selected method components, suitable for a specific characteristic of a development situation. Configuration templates with different characteristics can be related to different configuration packages and used as a base for reaching a situational method efficiently. Four empirical studies, based on a collaborative practice research strategy, are presented in which the conceptual framework, the meta-method and the computerized tool support are developed and validated. These studies show that the proposed conceptual framework, meta-method and computerized tool support, ease the burden of the method configurator in configuring a method for particular project characteristics. Furthermore, it has been possible to adapt to situational characteristics using method rationale while creating reusable method assets.

  • 2080.
    Sandvik, Siv Aaseth
    et al.
    Univ South Eastern Norway, Norway.
    Sundling, Vibeke
    Univ South Eastern Norway, Norway.
    Lagali, Neil
    Linköping University, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Division of Sensory Organs and Communication. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Region Östergötland, Anaesthetics, Operations and Specialty Surgery Center, Department of Ophthalmology in Linköping.
    Methods for evaluation of corneal nerve fibres in diabetes mellitus by in vivo confocal microscopy: a scoping review protocol2023In: BMJ Open, E-ISSN 2044-6055, Vol. 13, no 4, article id e070017Article, review/survey (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    IntroductionGlobally, 422million people have diabetes. Late complications of diabetes are blindness, kidney failure, heart attack, stroke and lower limb amputation. The prevalence of diabetic peripheral neuropathy and diabetic retinopathy is 50% and 35%, respectively. In vivo confocal microscopy (IVCM) is a rapid, non-invasive method to evaluate subbasal corneal nerve fibres, which are small fibres of the peripheral nervous system. Corneal nerve fibre changes can be a marker of diabetic peripheral neuropathy. There is currently no gold-standard procedure for IVCM imaging, image processing or quantitative analysis of the corneal nerve fibres in the subbasal plexus. This protocol describes a scoping review to map, summarise and critically evaluate current methods used with IVCM evaluation in people with diabetes mellitus.MethodsThe scoping review will follow Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines for scoping review. A comprehensive search of the literature will be conducted in MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane, Scopus and Web of Science. The search strategy will include terms related to IVCM, diabetes and corneal nerve fibres. We will set inclusion and exclusion criteria prior to the search, and two reviewers will screen titles and abstracts independently. One reviewer will full text read eligible articles and chart data from the studies. A descriptive summary of the methods used in imaging, image processing and quantitative analysis of peripheral corneal nerve fibres by IVCM will be written.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval is not required since this is a scoping review based on previously published articles. The findings will be published in a scientific peer-reviewed journal.

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  • 2081.
    Axelsson, Karin
    Linköping University, Department of Computer and Information Science. Linköping University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences.
    Metodisk systemstrukturering: att skapa samstämmighet mellan informationssystemarkitektur och verksamhet1998Doctoral thesis, monograph (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    This thesis deals with the problem of how to create an information systems architecture which is in concert with the organization, its goals and strategies. The aim is to explore the problem area and develop knowledge about how to avoid some of these problems. In a qualitative research project, case studies were performed at six organizations. The studies focused on the process of realizing an IS strategy and the results of these activities. The organizations studied had either realized a data-driven strategy emphasizing data integration and central administration of information (Information Resource Management - IRM) or a strategy advocating decentralization and local responsibility for information (Verksamhetsbaserad Systemstrukturering - VBS). The data collection was based mainly on interviews, but also contained observations and studies of written sources. Ale data analysis method was inspired by grounded theory.

    The data analysis resulted in the categories of "Information systems structuring conditions", "Actors" and "User participation", which together form the core category of Factors affecting the information systems structuring. The categories of "Business language", "Distribution of responsibility", "User acceptance", "Systems understanding", "Business adjustments", and "Maintenance and changes" together form the core category The information systems' degree of organizational support. Each category consists of elements that were only observed in one of the IS strategies and elements that seem to occur independently of the chosen strategy. This indicates that the chosen IS strategy implies some influence on the organization but other effects seem to be strategy-independent. his fact has been interpreted to the effect that the actual course of action when realizing an IS strategy is of great importance. The course of action could be very much the same even if two different strategies are realized.

    As a result of these findings, a human and business perspective on information systems structuring was formulated. The case studies showed that even if organizations realize an IS strategy, and therefore deprecate ad hoc-based structuring, they do not treat the structuring activities as separate from system development. The architecture design was integrated with system development and architectural issues were treated mainly from a technical point of view. The perspective formulated in this thesis implies that choices made during the information systems structuring process should be well-grounded. Decisions should be made from a holistic point of view rather than merely a technical one. As a result of this belief, the perspective does not advocate any common IS strategy (such as IRM or VBS). Instead the starting-point for the analysis is a strategy-independent analysis of the organization and its information systems. Only after this analysis is it possible to choose or to formulate the IS strategy best suited for the organization. During an action research project a method for information systems structuring was developed and tested. The method is based on the perspective discussed above.

  • 2082.
    Patrinopoulou, N.
    et al.
    Univ Patras, Greece.
    Daramouskas, I
    Univ Patras, Greece.
    Lappas, V
    Univ Patras, Greece.
    Kostopoulos, V
    Univ Patras, Greece.
    Veytia, A. M.
    Delft Univ Technol, Netherlands.
    Badea, C. A.
    Delft Univ Technol, Netherlands.
    Ellerbroek, J.
    Delft Univ Technol, Netherlands.
    Hoekstra, J.
    Delft Univ Technol, Netherlands.
    de Vries, V.
    NLR Royal Netherlands Aerosp Ctr, Netherlands.
    van Ham, J.
    NLR Royal Netherlands Aerosp Ctr, Netherlands.
    Sunil, E.
    NLR Royal Netherlands Aerosp Ctr, Netherlands.
    Alonso, P. Menendez Ponte
    NTT DATA Spain, Spain.
    Gonzalez, J. Pedrero
    NTT DATA Spain, Spain.
    Bereziat, D.
    Univ Toulouse, France.
    Vidosavljevic, A.
    Univ Toulouse, France.
    Sedov, Leonid
    Linköping University, Department of Science and Technology, Communications and Transport Systems. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Metropolis II: Investigating the Future Shape of Air Traffic Control in Highly Dense Urban Airspace2022In: 2022 30TH MEDITERRANEAN CONFERENCE ON CONTROL AND AUTOMATION (MED), IEEE , 2022, p. 649-655Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Metropolis II aims to provide insights in what is needed to enable high-density urban air operations. It does this by investigating the foundation for U-space U3/U4 services. The final goal is to provide a unified approach for strategic deconfliction, tactical deconfliction, and dynamic capacity management. Highly-dense operations in constrained urban airspace will likely require a degree of complexity that does not exist in modern-day air traffic management. The expected high traffic demand will require a shared use of the airspace instead of assigning exclusive use of blocks of the airspace to some flights. A unified approach for traffic management is needed because at high-densities, airspace design, flight planning, and separation management become increasingly interdependent. Metropolis II builds upon the results of the first Metropolis project. Three concepts with a varying degree of centralisation will be compared using simulations. (1) The centralised concept will take a global approach for separation management. (2) The decentralised concept aims to give the individual agents separation responsibility. (3) The hybrid concept tries to combine a centralised strategic planning agent with a robust tactical separation strategy.

  • 2083.
    Samuelsson, Anders
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Medicine and Care, Anaesthesiology. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Anaesthesiology and Surgical Centre, Department of Intensive Care UHL.
    Steinvall, Ingrid
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Anaesthesiology and Surgical Centre, Department of Intensive Care UHL.
    Sjöberg, Folke
    Linköping University, Department of Biomedicine and Surgery, Division of surgery. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Reconstruction Centre, Department of Plastic Surgery, Hand surgery UHL.
    Microdialysis shows metabolic effects in skin during fluid resuscitation in burn-injured patients2006In: Critical Care, ISSN 1364-8535, E-ISSN 1466-609X, Vol. 10, no 6, p. Art.no: R172-Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Introduction: Established fluid treatment formulas for burn injuries have been challenged as studies have shown the presence of tissue hypoxia during standard resuscitation. Such findings suggest monitoring at the tissue level. This study was performed in patients with major burn injuries to evaluate the microdialysis technique for the continuous assessment of skin metabolic changes during fluid resuscitation and up to four days postburn. Methods: We conducted an experimental study in patients with a burn injury, as represented by percentage of total body surface area burned (TBSA), of more than 25% in a university eight-bed burns intensive care unit serving about 3.5 million inhabitants. Six patients with a median TBSA percentage of 59% (range 33.5% to 90%) and nine healthy controls were examined by intracutaneous MD, in which recordings of glucose, pyruvate, lactate, glycerol, and urea were performed. Results: Blood glucose concentration peaked on day two at 9.8 mmol/l (6.8 to 14.0) (median and range) and gradually declined on days three and four, whereas skin glucose in MD continued to increase throughout the study period with maximum values on day four, 8.7 mmol/l (4.9 to 11.0). Controls had significantly lower skin glucose values compared with burn patients, 3.1 mmol/l (1.5 to 4.6) (p < 0.001). Lactate from burn patients was significantly higher than controls in both injured and uninjured skin (MD), 4.6 mmol/l (1.3 to 8.9) and 3.8 mmol/l (1.6 to 7.5), respectively (p < 0.01). The skin lactate/pyruvate ratio (MD) was significantly increased in burn patients on all days (p < 0.001). Skin glycerol (MD) was significantly increased at days three and four in burn patients compared with controls (p < 0.01). Conclusion: Despite a strategy that fulfilled conventional goals for resuscitation, there were increased lactate/pyruvate ratios, indicative of local acidosis. A corresponding finding was not recorded systemically. We conclude that MD is a promising tool for depicting local metabolic processes that are not fully appreciated when examined systemically. Because the local response in glucose, lactate, and pyruvate metabolism seems to differ from that recorded systemically, this technique may offer a new method of monitoring organs. © 2006 Samuelsson et al., licensee BioMed Central Ltd.

  • 2084.
    Kuninty, Praneeth R.
    et al.
    Department of Biomaterials, Science and Technology, Section: Targeted Therapeutics, MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, University of Twente, The Netherlands.
    Bojmar, Linda
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of Clinical Sciences. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences.
    Tjomsland, Vegard
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of Microbiology and Molecular Medicine. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Department of Hepato-pancreato-biliary Surgery, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
    Larsson, Marie
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of Microbiology and Molecular Medicine. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences.
    Storm, Gert
    Department of Biomaterials, Science and Technology, Section: Targeted Therapeutics, MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, University of Twente, The Netherlands / Department of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht University, The Netherlands.
    Östman, Arne
    Department of Oncology-Pathology, Cancer Centre Karolinska, Karolinska Institutet, Sweden.
    Sandström, Per
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of Clinical Sciences. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Center for Surgery, Orthopaedics and Cancer Treatment, Department of Surgery in Linköping. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences.
    Prakash, Jai
    Department of Biomaterials, Science and Technology, Section: Targeted Therapeutics, MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, University of Twente, The Netherlands / Department of Oncology-Pathology, Cancer Centre Karolinska, Karolinska Institutet, Sweden.
    MicroRNA-199a and -214 as potential therapeutic targets in pancreatic stellate cells in pancreatic tumor2016In: Oncotarget, E-ISSN 1949-2553, Vol. 7, no 13, p. 16396-16408Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Pancreatic stellate cells (PSCs) are the key precursor cells for cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) in pancreatic tumor stroma. Although depletion of tumor stroma is debatable, attenuation of PSC activity is still an interesting strategy to treat pancreatic cancer. In this study, we explored miRNA as therapeutic targets in tumor stroma and found miR-199a-3p and miR-214-3p induced in patient-derived pancreatic CAFs as well as in TGF-β-activated human PSCs (hPSCs). Inhibition of miR-199a or miR-214 using their hairpin inhibitors in hPSCs significantly inhibited their TGFβ-induced differentiation (gene and protein levels of α-SMA, Collagen, PDGFβR), migration and proliferation. Furthermore, heterospheroids of Panc-1 and hPSCs were prepared, which attained smaller size when hPSCs were transfected with anti-miR-199a or -214 than those transfected with control anti-miR. The conditioned medium obtained from TGFβ-activated hPSCs induced tumor cell proliferation and endothelial cell tube formation, but these effects were abrogated when hPSCs were transfected with anti-miR-199a or miR-214. Moreover, IPA analyses revealed signaling pathways related to miR-199a (TP53, mTOR, Smad1) and miR-214 (PTEN, Bax, ING4). Taken together, this study reveals miR-199a-3p and miR-214-3p as major regulators of PSC activation and PSC-induced pro-tumoral effects, representing them as key therapeutic targets in PSCs in pancreatic cancer.

  • 2085.
    Osman, Abdimajid
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Clinical Chemistry. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Centre for Diagnostics, Department of Clinical Chemistry.
    MicroRNAs in Health and Disease - Basic Science and Clinical Applications2012In: CLINICAL LABORATORY, ISSN 1433-6510, Vol. 58, no 5-6, p. 393-402Article, review/survey (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    MicroRNAs (miRs) are small RNAs that fine-tune gene expression at posttranscriptional level. They are involved in virtually all physiological processes, such as development and differentiation, heart function, metabolism, haemostasis, and apoptosis. Anucleated human platelets were revealed to contain comparatively many different miR species relative to nucleated cells, suggesting a functional impact of miRs on these small cells. In recent years, numerous studies have established the significance of miRs in different physiological states. Sufficient evidence exists to suggest that miRs are involved in a range of diseases, including cancer and cardiovascular disorders. Aberrant expression levels of miRs are found in tissues and in sera from patients with different forms of malignant tumours. Utilising these miRs as biomarkers for disease is a valuable diagnostic strategy. In addition, a novel class of synthetic oligonucleotides, called antagomirs, has recently been introduced as efficient silencers of overexpressed miRs in cancer. Overall, miRs represent an important class of small RNAs with a huge impact on health and disease. Future studies will further illuminate the potential value of miRs in diagnostics and therapeutics.

  • 2086.
    Wang, Ji
    et al.
    Ningbo Univ, Peoples R China.
    Chai, Jianlong
    Chinese Acad Sci, Peoples R China.
    Zhang, Hongpeng
    Chinese Acad Sci, Peoples R China.
    Tai, Pengfei
    Chinese Acad Sci, Peoples R China.
    Liu, Chao
    Chinese Acad Sci, Peoples R China.
    Niu, Lijuan
    Chinese Acad Sci, Peoples R China.
    He, Wenhao
    Chinese Acad Sci, Peoples R China.
    Huang, Weiying
    Changsha Univ Sci & Technol, Peoples R China.
    Shu, Rui
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Thin Film Physics. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Luo, Laihui
    Ningbo Univ, Peoples R China.
    Li, Weiping
    Ningbo Univ, Peoples R China.
    Zhu, Yabin
    Chinese Acad Sci, Peoples R China.
    Yao, Cunfeng
    Chinese Acad Sci, Peoples R China.
    Gao, Peifeng
    Lanzhou Univ, Peoples R China.
    Microstructure investigations of Fe50Mn30Co10Cr10 dual-phase high-entropy alloy under Fe ions irradiation2021In: Journal of Nuclear Materials, ISSN 0022-3115, E-ISSN 1873-4820, Vol. 552, article id 153006Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    An Fe50Mn30Co10Cr10 dual-phase high-entropy alloy (DP-HEA) was irradiated at room temperature with 3 MeV Fe ions to a dose of 50 displacement per atom (dpa). Potentials of special elemental designed DP-HEAs with low stacking fault energy (SFE) as promising candidate materials for future nuclear energy systems are evaluated. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis finds that FCC gamma-gamma, HCP epsilon-epsilon twinning structures and FCC gamma-HCP epsilon co-existed structures of the DP-HEA, which correlate with the combined high strength and high ductility featured by this alloy, remain stable under a displacement damage of 50 dpa. No elemental segregation after irradiation was detected by energy dispersive spectroscopy. The results indicate that TWIP and TRIP mechanisms, owned by many other DP-HEAs, may still work effectively, and the materials still possess the merits of combined high strength and ductility brought by TWIP and TRIP mechanisms under irradiation conditions. Defects free channels (DFCs) and abundant Lomer-Cottrell (L-C) locks are observed in the irradiated samples after tensile deformation. The immobile L-C locks restrict DFCs growth, prevent the pile-up of dislocation along grain boundaries, thus sustaining dislocations in the grain interior. This study provides a new strategy to improve simultaneously the irradiation resistance and mechanical properties of structural materials by introducing the TWIP and TRIP mechanisms. (C) 2021 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

  • 2087.
    Krakhamalev, Pavel
    et al.
    Karlstad University, Sweden.
    Fredriksson, Gunnel
    Karlstad University, Sweden.
    Svensson, Krister
    Karlstad University, Sweden.
    Yadroitsev, Igor
    Central University of Technology, South Africa.
    Yadroitseva, Ina
    Central University of Technology, South Africa.
    Thuvander, Mattias
    Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg.
    Peng, Ru Lin
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Engineering Materials. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Microstructure, Solidification Texture, and Thermal Stability of 316 L Stainless Steel Manufactured by Laser Powder Bed Fusion2018In: Metals, ISSN 2075-4701, Vol. 8, no 8, p. 643-660Article, review/survey (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    This article overviews the scientific results of the microstructural features observed in 316 L stainless steel manufactured by the laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) method obtained by the authors, and discusses the results with respect to the recently published literature. Microscopic features of the LPBF microstructure, i.e., epitaxial nucleation, cellular structure, microsegregation, porosity, competitive colony growth, and solidification texture, were experimentally studied by scanning and transmission electron microscopy, diffraction methods, and atom probe tomography. The influence of laser power and laser scanning speed on the microstructure was discussed in the perspective of governing the microstructure by controlling the process parameters. It was shown that the three-dimensional (3D) zig-zag solidification texture observed in the LPBF 316 L was related to the laser scanning strategy. The thermal stability of the microstructure was investigated under isothermal annealing conditions. It was shown that the cells formed at solidification started to disappear at about 800 °C, and that this process leads to a substantial decrease in hardness. Colony boundaries, nevertheless, were quite stable, and no significant grain growth was observed after heat treatment at 1050 °C. The observed experimental results are discussed with respect to the fundamental knowledge of the solidification processes, and compared with the existing literature data. 

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  • 2088.
    Olsson, Olle Viktor
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Logistics & Quality Management. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Aronsson, Håkan
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Logistics & Quality Management. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Sandberg, Erik
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Logistics & Quality Management. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Middle management involvement in handling variable patient flows2017In: Management Research Review, ISSN 2040-8269, E-ISSN 2040-8277, Vol. 40, no 9, p. 1007-1024Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Purpose – This study aims to explore the involvement of middle management in forming strategies tomanage variable acute patient flows at a hospital.Design/methodology/approach – Empirical evidence from a university hospital was gathered viainterviews, internal documents, observation and participation in meetings. The role of middle management inthe development of strategies was analyzed using literature on middle management involvement.Findings – In managing variable acute patient flows, middle management adopts a number of roles andbehavioral characteristics that have been previously described in research. The role of facilitator is the mostprominent, with middle managers prioritizing individual goals and strategies for the clinical departments thatthey manage before their collective responsibility for hospital performance. Unclear responsibilities andmandates within the organization, together with a lack of hospital-wide strategies concerning how the acutepatient flow should bemanaged, are contributing factors to this behavior.Research limitations/implications – The research is based on an explorative, single case studymethodology. Future research assessing the extent of different middle management roles in health care, inwhich more empirical data and quantitative analysis is conducted, is encouraged.Practical implications – There is a need for top management to establish long-term goals to enhancemiddle management roles when developing strategies for managing variable patient flows.Originality/value – Middle management involvement in developing strategies for managing variablepatient flows is a novel topic for research. The interface and division of tasks between top and middlemanagement is crucial for successful strategies in managing variable patient flows.

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  • 2089.
    Lawson, Chloe Lawson
    Linköping University, Department of Culture and Society.
    Migration Decision-Making in Puerto Rico: Impact of Colonialism in a US Territory (1898-present): An analysis of lived experiences2021Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (Two Years)), 20 credits / 30 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Puerto Rico, an island in the Caribbean and an unincorporated territory belonging to the United States (US), is facing an uncertain future as its population rapidly declines through emigration. The American public has only begun to pay attention to this problem in recent years as more and more Puerto Ricans relocate to the US mainland.

    This study therefore aims to understand the migration decision-making process of Puerto Ricans by exploring the underlying causes and motivations. In conducting qualitative research, the findings center on interviews conducted with seven Puerto Ricans who relocated from Puerto Rico to the US mainland between 1985 and 2018. Their reflections on their migration decision-making experiences demonstrate that the process is complicated, multi-focal, and multidimensional. Focusing specifically on the concepts of citizenship, migration as an adaptive strategy, and migration decision-making, the findings indicate that Puerto Ricans are US citizens in name only. They are more predisposed than other US citizens to relocate when faced with environmental and economic stress, yet not all Puerto Ricans have the desire, nor the ability to relocate. Despite the finite scope of this research, the findings nonetheless provide valuable insight into the ongoing trends of Puerto Rican migration

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  • 2090.
    Smyth, Jonas
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Information Systems. Linköping University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences.
    Johansson, Simon
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Information Systems. Linköping University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences.
    Mikroföretagens strategiska vägval för att tävla på en konkurrensutsatt ITmarknad: En fallstudie om mikroföretagens utmaningar och möjligheter2019Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (Two Years)), 20 credits / 30 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    The IT market is influenced with constant changes and a highly competitive environment between many different entities. In entrepreneurship, it is often the strategy that determines whether an organization successfully can establish itself and compete within a business area. It is a major challenge to successfully compete as a micro enterprise due to limited supply of resources. The aim of the study was thus to examine how micro enterprises handle strategic choices in order to gain competitive advantage on the IT market, as well as investigate the challenges and opportunities for a micro enterprise in their quest for competitiveness. The study was conducted through a qualitative interpretive case study. Semi-structured interviews were used to collect data from six respondents with different perspectives on entrepreneurship within micro enterprises. The six respondents represent four different micro enterprises and an incubator that offers strategic guidance for newly started IT companies. The result of the study presents that it is fairly easy to start competing within the IT market. It takes few resources to develop a concept and spread it to a wide range of potential customers. As a micro enterprise, the IT market is thus lucrative as it is easy and quick to penetrate. However, the market exists of constant threats from other newcomers. Small companies need a continual inflow of financial resources in order to be able to progress the business, which leads to high demands on the ability to quickly establish itself on the market. Large organizations can hardly be an efficient customer for micro enterprises because of their immobility. Strategy is generally handled scarcely within micro enterprises. The IT markets uncertainty and the constant changes makes it hard for micro enterprises to formalize pronounced strategies in the long term. It does however exist a strategic way of thinking within micro enterprises, although on an informal and improvisational level. On the other hand, strategies for both differentiation and segmentation are sought, sometimes in combination with each other. Micro enterprises in the IT market is driven by entrepreneurship and innovation, which results in the development of differentiated products and services. In a constantly changing market, micro enterprises have great opportunities to achieve flexibility and rapid mobility in a different manner compared to larger companies. Hence, micro enterprises can quickly react and adapt to the ever-changing world of IT.

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  • 2091.
    Salerud, Eric
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Economics. Linköping University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences.
    Pilbackes, Erik
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Economics. Linköping University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences.
    Mikrostrukturen och Ex-dagseffekten: Påverkar mikrostrukturen den svenska börsmarknaden?2021Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Background: A functioning capital market is a prerequisite for the innovation of a nation,which in turn is fundamental to achieve economic growth. Hence, the understanding of howthe capital market operates becomes of paramount importance. One of the most commonquestions investors and researchers ask themselves is whether markets are efficient? Caninvestors assume that the capital market is efficient and that everyone trades on the sameinformation? The question is important because the capital market is built upon publicconfidence, and if this trust is destroyed, it can have devastating consequences for the nation,based on difficulties with capital allocation. This study examines, based on efficient markets,the phenomenon called the ex-day effect. Are there price deviations in the market, and ifapplicable, is there an explanation for this? Based on this, the study specifically examines themicrostructure as an explanation for the potential price deviation.

    Purpose: The purpose of the study is to investigate, analyze, and explain the existence of theex-day effect and its relationship with the microstructure of OMX Stockholm Large Cap, MidCap and Small Cap.

    Method: Based on the study's need to compile a larger amount of data, a quantitativeresearch strategy has been used. The study's secondary data is collected for distributingcompanies listed on OMX Stockholm Large, Mid and Small Cap between the years 2016 and2019. Collected data has then been compiled into panel data, which is the basis for the study'st-test and multiple regressions.

    Conclusion: Based on the study's t-test, it is demonstrated that the ex-day effect is present inthe study's selected market. Furthermore, based on the regressions models the study used, itcan be deducted that the microstructure has an impact of PDR. Since the presence of themicrostructure is detected, the study cannot comment on whether the market examined isinefficient or not.

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  • 2092.
    Ekengren, Malin
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Business Administration. Linköping University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences.
    Joona, Nikolina
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Business Administration. Linköping University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences.
    Miljoner på spel: Hur svenska storbanker arbetar med intern kontroll för att förhindra, upptäcka och åtgärda individuell yrkesbaserad ekonomisk brottslighet.2012Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (One Year)), 20 credits / 30 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Background: Scandals within Swedish banks have been observed during the past years. Many of these have occurred as a consequence of defaults in the internal control. Simultaneously many internal white collar crimes have been committed as a consequence of weak internal control, even though public companies have increased their investments in their internal control. Banks have an important role in society; still the importance of the internal control to counteract internal white collar crime towards Swedish banks is yet to be unraveled.

    Aim: The study aim to contribute to an understanding of how internal white collar crime within universal banks can be counteracted by means of the internal control, within Internal Control – Integrated Framework and Three Lines of Defence. The purpose is further to investigate if causes to internal white collar crime are well-known among the universal banks at different organizational levels. The study is also aiming to discuss potential improvements that have been identified.

    Implementation: Both qualitative and quantitative strategies have been used. The qualitative strategy has included interviews with persons who have intimate knowledge of internal control. The quantitative strategy has included a questionnaire that was distributed to chiefs of retail departments. The study is iterative since theory and empirics have been evaluated and adjusted on a regularly basis.

    Result: The universal banks have made supplements to those models that the study comprehends and there are some problem areas within the use of Three Lines of Defence. Further, the study has revealed that causes to internal white collar crime are less known at a lower organizational level. A few areas that can be improved have been identified. Those of most importance are; (1) the purpose of the internal control must be better understood of employees and (2) some control activities have development potential.Search terms: Internal control, COSO, Three Lines of Defence, the four largest Swedish banks, white collar crime.

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  • 2093. Order onlineBuy this publication >>
    Jensen (Nilsson), Janni
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering. Linköping University, The Institute of Technology.
    Miljöinvesteringar i svensk transportnäring: Drivkrafter och strategier2007Licentiate thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    The environmental work in the Swedish transportation business was not very prioritized during the period up until 1990. If any environmental work occurred at all, it often entailed only necessary measures to meet the demands of environmental law.

    All this changed almost over night roundabout 1990. The environmental issue had become politically important during the 1980s and environmental demands concerning large industrial and combustion plants started to wear off on the transportation business. In addition to this, competition between road and railway transportation sharpened due to political decisions on railway investments. The management of the national Swedish railway company SJ realized that this was a golden opportunity to become offensive in marketing, and that environment could become a success factor for the railway. By establishing an environmental policy and an environmental program, SJ took an initiative that large competitors and business representatives quickly tried to respond to by making investments on their own and by starting debates. Hereby, a rather unique situation occurred in that the transportation companies were driven by customers and society to make environmental investments and also give the business an environmental profile. This situation was the starting point for my study, where the aim has been to study the driving forces and trategies behind the environmental investments made in the Swedish transportation business during the 1990s. I have examined this by interviewing key persons in five companies representing different means of transport, i.e. the railway company SJ, the road transportation company DHL (earlier ASG), the road transportation company Schenker (earlier BTL and even earlier Bilspedition), the air transportation company SAS and the sea transportation company Stena Line. Apart from this, I have also studied the investment process in the chosen companies, and if environmental investments are different from other investments.

    The method I have used in my study has been semi structured, qualitative interviews. A semi structured interview in this case means that I have used a certain amount of predefined questions. The responses from the interviewed person served as basis for follow up questions and new questions during the interview. A qualitative interview often consists of simple and straight questions being asked and complex and comprehensive answers being returned.

    The results from the interviews could be summarised as follows: All of the companies in my study claim that it was the pressure of external and internal interests that made the starting point for their environmental work – even if the start appeared on different occasions depending on each company’s situation respectively. Any particularly deep analyses of the economical effects of environmental investments were not made on a regular basis. It rather seemed as if investments and other environmental decisions were based on intuitive feelings. It is also obvious that the pressure from competitors was a strong reason for continuing most of the companies´ environmental work – irrespective of the fact that the company used their environmental investments to create an offensive environmental profile, or to avoid to be criticized for lack of environmental commitment. It is possible to draw a number of conclusions from this study, some of them are general to the group of studied companies, and others are more specific to some of the companies.

    The first, and perhaps most important, conclusion is that that the driving forces, for instance the pressure from owners, customers, competitors or society as such, were primary, and that the companies’ strategies was developed on this basis. One example is the Swedish railway company SJ, where the company management’s analysis showed both political pressure and obtainable market positions if the company developed and executed an offensive environmental strategy. The other companies in my study showed similar patterns even if their market positions of course varied.

    The second conclusion is that external profiling also leads to internal pressure within the company. This pressure may be consciously and directed by management via education, seminars etc, or occur on its own due to that the company’s environmental work leads to an interest and commitment amongst employees. The best examples of this are the companies SJ and ASG.

    A third conclusion is that in many cases, the environmental investments could be compared to a one way road. Some decisions are irrevocable, at least if the company wants to maintain its credibility within the environmental area. For instance, it is equally impossible in practise for SJ to back on the decision to buy environmentally labelled electricity, as for DHL and Schenker to return to diesel fuel with high level of sulphur.

    The last conclusion is that economical arguments for environmental investments offer a very strong explanation model to which investments were made and which were not. This conclusion seems to be generally valid even if differences in grade exist, depending on if the investments were made with the purpose to be offensive or defensive. No follow up analyses of the economic outcome of the investments have - with a few exceptions – however not been made.

    Environmental investments consist of physical and image enhancing (i.e. soft) investments. This study shows that physical environmental investments and image enhancing investments have been approached in the same way, but it is harder to quantify the image enhancing investments in economical terms.

    List of papers
    1. Drivkrafter bakom miljösatsningar i svenska transportföretag: intervjuer med miljöchefer i fem svenska transportföretag
    Open this publication in new window or tab >>Drivkrafter bakom miljösatsningar i svenska transportföretag: intervjuer med miljöchefer i fem svenska transportföretag
    2005 (English)Report (Other (popular science, discussion, etc.))
    Abstract [en]

     

    Miljö har länge varit en viktig strategisk fråga och miljöarbete en självklarhet för många svenska företag och organisationer. Transportbranschen är ett av de stora problemområdena när det gäller att sträva mot eller uppnå hållbar utveckling i samhället.

    Avsikten med det arbete som redovisas i denna rapport är att kartlägga strategier och drivkrafter bakom miljösatsningar som gjorts från 1990-2005 hos fem svenska transportföretag: ASG (f.d. Danzas, numera DHL), Schenker (f.d. Bilspedition/BTL), SAS, SJ samt Stena Line. Gemensamt för alla bolagen är att de aktivt har arbetat med miljöfrågor under 1990-talet. Arbetet har dock utkristalliserat sig på olika sätt, beroende på företagens faktiska bidrag till profileringen.

    Genom resultatet kan tre viktiga drivkrafter bakom miljöarbetet i de fem medverkande transportföretagen kartläggas. Den första är externa intressentkrav, dvs krav från ägare, kunder, samhälle, media osv. Den andra är den interna drivkraften, t ex intern miljöpolicy, drivande personal och företagsledning. Den tredje drivkraften kan definieras som ekonomisk vinning i form av t ex kostnadsbesparingar eller nya marknadsandelar. Det finns ett samband mellan alla tre drivkrafterna, dock väger i denna studie externa intressekrav litet tyngre än de två andra drivkrafterna.

     

    Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
    TFK, 2005
    Series
    TFK-rapport ; 2005:5
    Identifiers
    urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-12880 (URN)
    Available from: 2008-01-16 Created: 2008-01-16
    2. Investeringar med fokus på miljö: Intervjuer med företagsledare i fem svenska transportföretag
    Open this publication in new window or tab >>Investeringar med fokus på miljö: Intervjuer med företagsledare i fem svenska transportföretag
    2007 (English)Report (Other (popular science, discussion, etc.))
    Abstract [en]

    I denna rapport analyseras de ekonomiska aspekterna av fem svenska transportföretagsmiljöarbete. De företag som ingår i studien är SJ, Schenker (och dess föregångare Bilspeditionsamt BTL), ASG/Danzas (nu DHL), SAS samt Stena Line. Vid intervjuer med företagsledarei respektive bolag framkom att företagsledarna ansåg att miljöinvesteringar bör likställas medandra investeringar, men att miljösatsningar oftast var svåra att räkna hem, huvudsakligendärför att miljö är en av de mjuka, och därmed svårvärderade, faktorerna. I flera av företagenhar ändå stora miljöinvesteringar genomförts eftersom trycket från konkurrenter och samhälle,utöver det som krävdes enligt miljölagstiftningen, ansågs kräva det. I ett par av bolagenansågs också miljöarbetet kunna integreras i affärsverksamheten, vilket gjorde investeringarnaenklare att motivera, men även här såg man att det generellt var svårt att ta fram ekonomisktvälgrundade beslutsunderlag inför investeringsbesluten. I rapporten diskuteras hur företagsledningenser på miljöarbetets betydelse för företagets profil samt den direkta lönsamheten.En annan fråga som tas upp i studien är huruvida miljöinvesteringar skiljer sig från andrainvesteringar.

    Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
    Stockholm: TFK - TransporForsK, 2007
    Series
    TFK reports ; 2007:7
    National Category
    Engineering and Technology
    Identifiers
    urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-12881 (URN)
    Available from: 2008-01-16 Created: 2008-01-16 Last updated: 2009-05-04
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  • 2094.
    Klöfver, Helena
    Linköping University, Department of Thematic Studies, Department of Water and Environmental Studies. Linköping University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences.
    Miljömedvetenhet och livsstil bland organiserade ungdomar1995Doctoral thesis, monograph (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    The aims of this thesis are twofold. One of the objectives is to describe and analyse environmental consciousness; in other words, to study the assumptions surrounding the relationship Man - Nature. This arises from a questionning of the supposition that environmental consciousness is an unambiguous phenomenon and consequently in a need to analyse anddescribe the constituent parts or aspects which our assumptions incorporate. These assumptions surrounding the relationship Man - Nature are studied among three different, organised youth groups. One of these youth groups is a young people's environmental organisation, namely the Young Naturalists (Fältbiologema) and the other two consist of two different political youth organisations, the Swedish Social Democratic Youth Organization (SSU) and the Centre Party Youth Organization (CUF). The second objective of this thesis is to describe and analyse the way in which the environmental consciousness expressed by the groups is related to and explained by their life style and group membership.

    From the empirical material which has been collected through contents analyses, questionnaires and interviews, it can be seen that environmental consciousness among the groups studied comprise different constituent parts which are founded on a figure of thought concerning the relationship Man - Nature. Environmental consciousness is an expression of the perspective we adopt with regard to the relationship Man - Nature. The perspective which we express is connected to our position in social space, i.e. there is a relationship between our position in social space and our environmental consciousness. Thus, the perspective constraints which we express is at one and the same time a result of our social position and a part of the process whose object is to maintain this social position.

  • 2095.
    Torén, Patric
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Production Economics.
    Mimicking Claimed Alpha Generating Strategies2023Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (Two Years)), 20 credits / 30 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    This research paper focuses on the implementation and evaluation of Minervini's momentum analysis techniques in an algorithmic approach. The study aimed to assess the limitations and challenges associated with executing Minervini's strategy in an algorithmic trading system. Several technical restrictions, practical application problems, and the exclusion of fundamental and catalyst aspects contribute to the implementation of a primitive variant of Minervini's strategy. The challenges included the subjective nature of base patterns making bases difficult to identify and limitations in risk and position sizing. However, despite the challenges, the algorithmic approach offers advantages such as the ability to analyze a large number of stocks rapidly. It is suggested to use the algorithm as a tool for stock exclusion rather than fully automating the buying and selling decisions.

    The research investigates the possibility of generating excess returns in Sweden, Denmark, and Finland using the implemented algorithm over different time periods from 2008 to 2023. Hundreds of stocks were divided up into 18 stock portfolios based on market capitalization size calculations for a given year. These portfolios were traded using both the momentum strategy and an index strategy. The empirical results indicate that small-cap portfolios exhibited consistent excess returns compared to mid-cap and large-cap portfolios, particularly during high volatility periods. However, the research did not account for transaction costs, which are essential to evaluate the strategy's net returns in real-world scenarios. Despite the exclusion of transaction costs in the study, the significant excess returns observed in small-cap portfolios indicate that the implemented momentum strategy performs notably better for small-cap stocks compared to mid-cap and large-cap stocks. This finding contradicts the efficient market hypothesis, assuming equal transaction costs across different market capitalizations. Further research should consider incorporating transaction costs to gain a more comprehensive understanding of the strategy's overall performance and its practical implications for various market segments. Future research should consider incorporating transaction costs and optimizing the stop-loss and profit-taking levels, and exploring a weekly-based approach instead of a daily-based approach. Additionally, volume analysis, data handling improvements, and a more detailed analysis of buy and sell decisions are recommended to optimize the algorithm's performance for future research.

    To summarize, while the implemented algorithm does not fully mimic Minervini's strategy, it offers valuable insights and potential value, especially in small-cap stocks. Further research and optimization are required to enhance its effectiveness and address the identified limitations.

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  • 2096. Order onlineBuy this publication >>
    Mileros, Martin Daniel
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Project Innovations and Entrepreneurship. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Mind Your Own Business: Understanding and characterizing value created by consumers in a digital economy2020Licentiate thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    In the context of what is commonly referred to as consumer-centric digital economy, personal data has become the new currency which is utilized by consumers to be granted access to seemingly “free apps” within so-called digital zero-price markets. Simultaneously, there are consumers, known as “content creators”, who can generate million-dollar revenues annually. The current understanding of how consumers create and capture value within this new digital economy is scarce and more research is needed to systematically build a basis for creating an understanding of value creation and capture in the consumer-centric digital economy, based on a consumer perspective. The purpose of this dissertation is consequently to explore how consumers create and capture value within a consumer-centric digital economy. The explorative study also serves to obtain an initial overview of the phenomenon and the widely dispersed literature which spans different research fields. The collected data constitute more than 500 articles in combination with empirical data collected from websites.

    Based on the current literature, central concepts related to consumer-centric digital economy are explained. These include for instance Web 2.0, user-generated content and the consumerto- business relationship. The different concepts are discussed in relation to each other and a trend analysis shows that these concepts are on the rise and have become increasingly popular.

    The results show that consumers within the digital economy may take different roles, and some create value as business-oriented consumers (i.e., consumers who have a commercial interest). For instance, they make a business out of their participation in the digital economy. Examples are YouTubers, bloggers or creators in virtual worlds such as Second Life. Another, probably larger category is characterized as traditional consumers, for instance they participate in the digital economy through their use of seemingly “free” apps but do not reap any direct monetary benefits. By sharing their personal data, they take part in value creation in a more passive way. The findings also indicate that the level of control, e.g. determined by whether or not value is created within the digital platform, may characterize the prerequisites for value capture. Based on this, a taxonomy for value creation and value capture by consumers in the digital economy is developed. The study also identifies different business model types for business-oriented consumers.

    List of papers
    1. Towards a Taxonomy of E-commerce: Characterizing Content Creator-Based Business Models
    Open this publication in new window or tab >>Towards a Taxonomy of E-commerce: Characterizing Content Creator-Based Business Models
    2019 (English)In: Technology Innovation Management Review, E-ISSN 1927-0321, Vol. 9, no 10, p. 62-77Article in journal (Refereed) Published
    Abstract [en]

    Currently, new business models can be observed in content creator-based e-commerce. The research on e-commerce has grown rapidly and new concepts have emerged such as social commerce, platforms, and user-generated content. However, no overarching perspective has yet been formulated for distinguishing new content creator-based business models within e-commerce. The aim of this paper is therefore to characterize content creator-based business models by formulating a taxonomy of e-commerce based on a structured literature review of the concepts mentioned above. The results of our study point toward eight types of content creator-based business models. Our paper outlines theoretical and practical implications for the emerging phenomenon of content creator-based business, which we refer to as intellectual commerce. In addition, we describe 19 concepts related to Web 1.0, Web 2.0, and e-commerce.

    Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
    Ottawa, Canada: Carleton University, 2019
    Keywords
    Content creator-based business models, e-commerce, social commerce, consumer-to-business, multisided platforms, user-generated content, content creators, intellectual commerce, personal data, human-centered data economy
    National Category
    Business Administration
    Identifiers
    urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-161901 (URN)10.22215/timreview/1276 (DOI)
    Available from: 2019-11-12 Created: 2019-11-12 Last updated: 2023-08-28Bibliographically approved
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  • 2097.
    Holmgren, Theresa
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Division of Physiotherapy. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Öberg, Birgitta
    Linköping University, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Division of Physiotherapy. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Adolfsson, Lars
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of Clinical Sciences. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Center for Surgery, Orthopaedics and Cancer Treatment, Department of Orthopaedics in Linköping.
    Johansson, Kajsa
    Linköping University, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Division of Physiotherapy. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Minimal important changes in the Constant Murley score in patients with subacromial pain2014In: Journal of shoulder and elbow surgery, ISSN 1058-2746, E-ISSN 1532-6500, Vol. 23, no 8, p. 1083-1090Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine the minimal important change (MIC) of improvement in the Constant‐Murley score (CM score) in patients with longstanding subacromial pain and in subgroups of patients with subacromial pain with and without rotator cuff ruptures.

    Method: The MIC was estimated by using the visual anchor‐based MIC distribution method, which integrates an anchor‐ and distribution‐based approach: the optimal cut‐off point of the receiver operator characteristic curve (MIC ROC) and the 95% limit cut‐ off point (MIC 95%limit). The study population consisted of 93 patients included in a randomized clinical trial evaluating the effect of a specific exercise strategy in patients with longstanding subacromial pain.

    Results: The MIC ROC was found at a mean change of 17 points in the CM score. The MIC 95% limit was found at a mean change of 24 points. In the subgroup analysis the MIC ROC was found at a mean change of 19 points and the MIC 95% limit at 18 points in patients with an intact rotator cuff. In patients with rotator cuff ruptures the MIC ROC was found at a mean change of 15 points and the MIC 95% limit at 30 points.

    Conclusion: The CM score is able to detect the minimal important change in individual patients with long‐standing subacromial pain when the rotator cuff is intact. In all patients with longstanding subacromial pain, the MIC value was dependent on the subgroup as well as the choice of statistical analysis. The estimated MIC values could be used as an indication for relevant changes in the CM score in clinical practice and guide the clinician in how to interpret the results of specific treatments for patients with longstanding subacromial pain.

  • 2098.
    Löfberg, Johan
    Linköping University, Department of Electrical Engineering, Automatic Control. Linköping University, The Institute of Technology.
    Minimax Approaches to Robust Model Predictive Control2003Doctoral thesis, monograph (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    Controlling a system with control and state constraints is one of the most important problems in control theory, but also one of the most challenging. Another important but just as demanding topic is robustness against uncertainties in a controlled system. One of the most successful approaches, both in theory and practice, to control constrained systems is model predictive control (MPC). The basic idea in MPC is to repeatedly solve optimization problems on-line to find an optimal input to the controlled system. In recent years, much effort has been spent to incorporate the robustness problem into this framework.

    The main part of the thesis revolves around minimax formulations of MPC for uncertain constrained linear discrete-time systems. A minimax strategy in MPC means that worst-case performance with respect to uncertainties is optimized. Unfortunately, many minimax MPC formulations yield intractable optimization problems with exponential complexity.

    Minimax algorithms for a number of uncertainty models are derived in the thesis. These include systems with bounded external additive disturbances, systems with uncertain gain, and systems described with linear fractional transformations. The central theme in the different algorithms is semidefinite relaxations. This means that the minimax problems are written as uncertain semidefinite programs, and then conservatively approximated using robust optimization theory. The result is an optimization problem with polynomial complexity.

    The use of semidefinite relaxations enables a framework that allows extensions of the basic algorithms, such as joint minimax control and estimation, and approx- imation of closed-loop minimax MPC using a convex programming framework. Additional topics include development of an efficient optimization algorithm to solve the resulting semidefinite programs and connections between deterministic minimax MPC and stochastic risk-sensitive control.

    The remaining part of the thesis is devoted to stability issues in MPC for continuous-time nonlinear unconstrained systems. While stability of MPC for un-constrained linear systems essentially is solved with the linear quadratic controller, no such simple solution exists in the nonlinear case. It is shown how tools from modern nonlinear control theory can be used to synthesize finite horizon MPC controllers with guaranteed stability, and more importantly, how some of the tech- nical assumptions in the literature can be dispensed with by using a slightly more complex controller. 

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    Minimax Approaches to Robust Model Predictive Control
  • 2099.
    Sundholm, Niklas
    Linköping University, Department of Electrical Engineering, Automatic Control.
    Minimising Fuel Consumption of a Series Hybrid Electric Railway Vehicle Using Model Predictive Control2017Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (Two Years)), 20 credits / 30 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    With the increasing demands on making railway systems more environmentally friendly, diesel railcars have been replaced by hybrid electric railway vehicles. A hybrid system holds a number of advantages as it has the possibility of recuperating energy and allows the internal combustion engine (ICE) to be run at optimal efficiency. However, to fully utilise the advantages of a hybrid system the hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) is highly dependent on the used energy management strategy (EMS).

    In this thesis, the possibility of minimising the fuel consumption of the series hybrid electric railway vehicle, Ki-Ha E200, has been studied. This has been done by replacing the currently used EMS, based on heuristics, with a model predictive controller (MPC). The heuristic EMS and the MPC have been evaluated by comparing the performance results from three different test cases. The performance of the implemented MPC seems promising as it yields more optimal operation of the ICE and improved control of the battery state of charge (SOC).

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  • 2100.
    Ekstrand, Otto
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Political Science.
    Minns ni oss kamrater, vi som ännu knegar här?: Samtalsintervjuer med LO-experter om Socialdemokraternas kärnväljartapp – dess orsaker, konsekvenser och framtid2019Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    The core support for social democratic parties has long rested in labour union members.

    That is no less true for the Swedish Social Democratic party (SAP) in relation to the main

    industrial labour union (LO). The support for SAP among LO-member has however faltered

    in recent years, and increasingly the core voters are lending their support to the Sweden

    Democrats (SD), a right-wing populist party.

    The purpose of this study was to identify possible explanations as to why the core voters have

    abandoned the party, with an emphasis on the party’s own actions and strategy. The method

    to achieve this were extensive interviews with experts at LO, through which both pre-existing

    as well as new modells of explanations were developed and presented. Crucially the factors

    and models intended to explain this occurrence is thus rooted in an union perspective, since

    the interviewees are expected to express the clearest analysis of the situation, as well as

    represent the interests of their members.

    The study has found a number of possible reasons for the core voter flight. 1) Underlying

    reasons, i.e changes in the socioeconomic structure, due to among other things urbanisation,

    increased employment and education opportunities – which has eroded working class

    consciousness and thus the degree of class voting. Furthermore SAP has exacerbated the

    situation, either 2) subconsciously by adopting new frames of references and changing the

    party’s class character, or 3) consciously by pursuing a supra-class strategy in order to

    maximize votes. Regardless of how or why the party currently lacks its former ability to

    appeal to its working class base. Furthermore it can in part be ascribed to a prioritizing of

    strategic aims above ideological ones. However, the party can reverse the trend of core voter

    flight by refocusing on classic social democratic policies of redistribution, welfare, and class

    politics.

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