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  • 251.
    Abdullahi, Zahra
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Culture and Society.
    Danielsson Benachir, Chahrazad
    Linköping University, Department of Culture and Society.
    Porträtteringar av den missbrukande föräldern: En kvalitativ analys av fyra nordiska filmer2022Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [sv]

    Syftet med denna kvalitativa studie är att undersöka vilka egenskaper och beskrivningar som ingår i konstruktionen av en missbrukande förälder i fyra nordiska filmer. De studerade filmerna är Trädgårdsgatan (2017), Mig äger ingen (2013), Submarino (2010) och Svinalängorna (2010). Syftet med studien är även att undersöka hur framställningen av familjemedlemmars reaktioner på missbruket i filmerna bidrar till konstruktionen av den missbrukande föräldern. Studien utgår ifrån ett socialkonstruktionistiskt perspektiv och använder narrativ metod. Två centrala teoretiska begrepp som används är normalitet och avvikelse för att analysera hur förälderns föräldraskap konstrueras som antingen normalt eller avvikande. Eftersom narrativ metod används analyseras filmerna som berättelser, mer specifikt berättelser om familjer. I studien har vi funnit att den missbrukande föräldern konstrueras genom önskvärda respektive avvikande egenskaper.

    I analysen har vi utifrån nyckelscener och nyckelcitat synliggjort de fem mest utmärkande egenskaperna som föräldern tillskrivits genom filmernas berättelser. Dessa är att vara socialt utsatt, ansvarslös, kontrollös, medveten (kring det som avviker) och känslomässigt nära till sitt barn. Egenskaperna har sorterats efter fem teman och under dessa har vi analyserat varje tillskriven egenskap och hur de bidrar till konstruktionen av den missbrukande föräldern i de studerade filmerna. Sammantaget visar vår studie att det är en viss stereotypisk bild av en förälder som förmedlas, men även en komplex sådan. Vår förhoppning med studien är att skapa medvetenhet kring hur film kan framställa, producera och reproducera vissa stereotypa bilder eller föreställningar för ett fenomen, som i detta fall är ett föräldraskap i missbruk.

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    Examensarbete
  • 252.
    Abdul-Mumuni, Abdallah
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Economics.
    Conflict Resolution in West Africa: A Comparative Analysis of Sierra Leone and Liberia2005Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Magister)Student thesis
    Abstract [en]

    This paper is a Master thesis for the Master’s program in International and European Relations in the Department of Management and Economics at Linköping University. As the title indicates, the aim of this thesis is to make a comparative analysis of the conflict resolution initiatives that were employed in the Sierra Leonean and Liberian conflicts. The research questions are:

    • What were the root causes and trajectories of the Sierra Leonean and Liberian conflicts?

    • What were the conflict resolution initiatives employed in resolving both conflicts?

    • Why did the Lome Peace Accord succeed in the case of Sierra Leone whilst the Abuja Peace Accord failed in bringing peace to Liberia?

    In order to answer the afore-mentioned questions and fulfil the aim of this paper, a qualitative research method has been chosen. The study is mainly based on secondary sources such as textbooks, official documents from ECOWAS and the UN, articles, magazines and newspapers as well as internet resources. In making the comparative analysis the Conflict Transformation Model as espoused by Kumar Rupesinghe has been utilized. This model has specifically helped in explaining the reasons why peace returned to Sierra Leone but eluded the people of Liberia for a long time. The conclusion drawn from the study is that a multi-track approach is required in dealing with conflicts in West Africa so that it would touch on the context of the conflict, the conflict structure, the intra-party as well as the inter- party divisions and the broader system of society and governance within the conflict area.

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  • 253.
    Abdul-Sattar Aljabery, Firas
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Division of Surgery, Orthopedics and Oncology. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Region Östergötland, Center for Surgery, Orthopaedics and Cancer Treatment, Department of Urology in Östergötland.
    Jancke, Georg
    Linköping University, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Division of Surgery, Orthopedics and Oncology. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Region Östergötland, Center for Surgery, Orthopaedics and Cancer Treatment, Department of Urology in Östergötland.
    Skoglund, Per
    Linköping University, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Division of Surgery, Orthopedics and Oncology. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Region Östergötland, Center for Surgery, Orthopaedics and Cancer Treatment, Department of Urology in Östergötland.
    Hallböök, Olof
    Linköping University, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Division of Surgery, Orthopedics and Oncology. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Region Östergötland, Center for Surgery, Orthopaedics and Cancer Treatment, Department of Surgery in Linköping.
    Stapled versus robot-sewn ileo-ileal anastomosis during robot-assisted radical cystectomy: a review of outcomes in urinary bladder cancer patients2021In: Scandinavian journal of urology, ISSN 2168-1805, E-ISSN 2168-1813, Vol. 55, no 1, p. 41-45Article, review/survey (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    BackgroundWhereas the literature has demonstrated an acceptable safety profile of stapled anastomoses when compared to the hand-sewn alternative in open surgery, the choice of intestinal anastomosis using sutures or staples remains inadequately investigated in robotic surgery. The purpose of this study was to compare the surgical outcomes of both anastomotic techniques in robotic-assisted radical cystectomy.MethodsA retrospective analysis of patients with urinary bladder cancer undergoing cystectomy with urinary diversion and with ileo-ileal intestinal anastomosis at a single tertiary centre (2012–2018) was undertaken. The robotic operating time, hospital stay and GI complications were compared between the robotic-sewn (RS) and stapled anastomosis (SA) groups. The only difference between the groups was the anastomosis technique; the other technical steps during the operation were the same. Primary outcomes were GI complications; the secondary outcome was robotic operation time.ResultsThere were 155 patients, of which 112 (73%) were male. The median age was 71 years old. A surgical stapling device was used to create 66 (43%) separate anastomoses, while a robot-sewn method was employed in 89 (57%) anastomoses. There were no statistically significant differences in primary and secondary outcomes between RS and SA.ConclusionsCompared to stapled anastomosis, a robot-sewn ileo-ileal anastomosis may serve as an alternative and cost-saving approach. 

  • 254.
    Abdul-Sattar Aljabery, Firas
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Division of Surgery, Orthopedics and Oncology. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Region Östergötland, Center for Surgery, Orthopaedics and Cancer Treatment, Department of Urology in Östergötland.
    Liedberg, Fredrik
    Skane Univ Hosp, Sweden; Lund Univ, Sweden.
    Haggstrom, Christel
    Uppsala Univ, Sweden; Umea Univ, Sweden.
    Strock, Viveka
    Univ Gothenburg, Sweden; Sahlgrens Univ Hosp, Sweden.
    Hosseini, Abolfazl
    Karolinska Univ Hosp, Sweden.
    Gardmark, Truls
    Karolinska Inst, Sweden.
    Sherif, Amir
    Umea Univ, Sweden.
    Jerlstrom, Tomas
    Orebro Univ, Sweden.
    Malmstrom, Per-Uno
    Uppsala Univ, Sweden.
    Hagberg, Oskar
    Lund Univ, Sweden.
    Holmberg, Lars
    Uppsala Univ, Sweden; Kings Coll London, England.
    Treatment and prognosis of patients with urinary bladder cancer with other primary cancers: a nationwide population-based study in the Bladder Cancer Data Base Sweden (BladderBaSe)2020In: BJU International, ISSN 1464-4096, E-ISSN 1464-410X, Vol. 126, no 5, p. 625-632Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Objective To study how patients with urinary bladder cancer (UBC) with previous or concomitant other primary cancers (OPCs) were treated, and to investigate their prognosis. Patients And Methods Using nationwide population-based data in the Bladder Cancer Data Base Sweden (BladderBaSe), we analysed the probability of treatment with curative intent, and UBC-specific and overall survival (OS) in patients with UBC diagnosed in the period 1997-2014 with or without OPC. The analyses considered the patients characteristics, UBC tumour stage at diagnosis, and site of OPC. Results There were 38 689 patients, of which 9804 (25%) had OPCs. Those with synchronous OPCs more often had T2 and T3 tumours and clinically distant disease at diagnosis than those with UBC only. Patients with synchronous prostate cancer, female genital cancer and lower gastro-intestinal cancer were more often treated with curative intent than patients with UBC only. When models of survival were adjusted for age at diagnosis, marital status, education, year of diagnosis, Charlson Comorbidity Index and T-stage, UBC-specific survival was similar to patients with UBC only, but OS was lower for patients with synchronous OPC, explained mainly by deaths in OPC primaries with a bad prognosis. Conclusions OPC is common in patients with UBC. Treatment for UBC, after or in conjunction with an OPC, should not be neglected and carries just as high a probability of success as treatment in patients with UBC only. The needs of patients with UBC and OPC, and optimisation of their treatment considering their complicated disease trajectory are important areas of research.

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  • 255.
    Abdul-Sattar Aljabery, Firas
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Region Östergötland, Center for Surgery, Orthopaedics and Cancer Treatment, Department of Urology in Östergötland.
    Liedberg, Fredrik
    Skane Univ Hosp, Sweden; Lund Univ, Sweden.
    Haggstrom, Christel
    Uppsala Univ, Sweden; Umea Univ, Sweden.
    Strock, Viveka
    Univ Gothenburg, Sweden; Sahlgrens Univ Hosp, Sweden.
    Hosseini, Abolfazl
    Karolinska Univ Hosp, Sweden.
    Gardmark, Truls
    Karolinska Inst, Sweden.
    Sherif, Amir
    Umea Univ, Sweden.
    Jerlstrom, Tomas
    Orebro Univ, Sweden.
    Malmstrom, Per-Uno
    Uppsala Univ, Sweden.
    Holmberg, Lars
    Uppsala Univ, Sweden; Kings Coll London, England.
    Hagberg, Oskar
    Lund Univ, Sweden.
    Jahnson, Staffan
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of Surgery, Orthopedics and Oncology. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Region Östergötland, Center for Surgery, Orthopaedics and Cancer Treatment, Department of Urology in Östergötland.
    Management and outcome of muscle-invasive bladder cancer with clinical lymph node metastases. A nationwide population-based study in the bladder cancer data base Sweden (BladderBaSe)2019In: Scandinavian journal of urology, ISSN 2168-1805, E-ISSN 2168-1813, Vol. 53, no 5, p. 332-338Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Purpose: To investigate the clinical management and outcome of patients with muscle-invasive bladder cancer with clinical lymph node involvement, using longitudinal nationwide population-based data. Methods: In the Bladder Cancer Data Base Sweden (BladderBaSe), treatment and survival in patients with urinary bladder cancer clinical stage T2-T4 N + M0 diagnosed between 1997 and 2014 was investigated. Patients characteristics were studied in relation to TNM classification, curative or palliative treatment, cancer-specific (CSS) and overall survival (OS). Age at diagnosis was categorised as amp;lt;= 60, 61-70, 71-80 and amp;gt;80 years, and time periods were stratified as follows: 1997-2001, 2002-2005, 2006-2010 and 2011-2014. Results: There were 786 patients (72% males) with a median age of 71 years (interquartile range = 64-79 years). The proportion of patients with high comorbidity increased over time. Despite similar low comorbidity, curative treatment was given to 44% and to 70% of those in older (amp;gt;70 years) and younger age groups, respectively. Curative treatment decreased over time, but chemotherapy and cystectomy increased to 25% during the last time period. Patients with curative treatment had better survival compared to those with palliative treatment, both regarding CSS and OS in the whole cohort and in all age groups. Conclusions: The low proportion of older patients undergoing treatment with curative intent, despite no or limited comorbidity, indicates missed chances of treatment with curative intent. The reasons for an overall decrease in curative treatment over time need to be analysed and the challenge of coping with an increasing proportion of node-positive patients with clinically significant comorbidity needs to be met.

  • 256.
    Abe, K.
    et al.
    University of Tokyo, Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, Kamioka Observatory, Kamioka, Japan.
    Aihara, H.
    University of Tokyo, Department of Physics, Tokyo, Japan.
    Ajmi, A.
    Kyoto University, Department of Physics, Kyoto, Japan.
    Alt, C.
    ETH Zurich, Institute for Particle Physics, Zurich, Switzerland.
    Andreopoulos, C.
    STFC, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Oxford, and Daresbury Laboratory, Warrington, United Kingdom.
    Antonova, M.
    Aoki, S.
    Asada, Y.
    Ashida, Y.
    Atherton, A.
    Atkin, E.
    Ban, S.
    Barbato, F. C. T.
    Barbi, M.
    Barker, G. J.
    Barr, G.
    Batkiewicz, M.
    Beloshapkin, A.
    Berardi, V.
    Berns, L.
    Bhadra, S.
    Bian, J.
    Bienstock, S.
    Blondel, A.
    Bolognesi, S.
    Borg, J.
    Bourguille, B.
    Boyd, S. B.
    Brailsford, D.
    Bravar, A.
    Bron, S.
    Bronner, C.
    Avanzini, M. Buizza
    Calabria, N. F.
    Calcutt, J.
    Calland, R. G.
    Calvet, D.
    Campbell, T.
    Cao, S.
    Cartwright, S. L.
    Catanesi, M. G.
    Cervera, A.
    Chappell, A.
    Cherdack, D.
    Chikuma, N.
    Christodoulou, G.
    Cicerchia, M.
    Clifton, A.
    Cogo, G.
    Coleman, J.
    Collazuol, G.
    Coplowe, D.
    Cudd, A.
    Dabrowska, A.
    Delbart, A.
    Roeck, A. De
    Rosa, G. De
    Dealtry, T.
    Dell’acqua, A.
    Denner, P. F.
    Dennis, S. R.
    Densham, C.
    Dewhurst, D.
    Lodovico, F. Di
    Dolan, S.
    Dokania, N.
    Doqua, D.
    Drapier, O.
    Duffy, K. E.
    Dumarchez, J.
    Dunne, P. J.
    Dziewiecki, M.
    Eklund, L.
    Emery-Schrenk, S.
    Fedotov, S.
    Fernandez, P.
    Feusels, T.
    Finch, A. J.
    Fiorentini, G. A.
    Fiorillo, G.
    Fitton, M.
    Friend, M.
    Fujii, Y.
    Fujita, R.
    Fukuda, D.
    Fukuda, R.
    Fukuda, Y.
    Fusshoeller, K.
    Gendotti, A.
    Giganti, C.
    Gizzarelli, F.
    Gonin, M.
    Gorin, A.
    Gramegna, F.
    Guigue, M.
    Hadley, D. R.
    Haigh, J. T.
    Hallsjö, Sven-Patrik
    University of Glasgow, School of Physics and Astronomy, Glasgow, United Kingdom.
    Hamacher-Baumann, P.
    Hansen, D.
    Harada, J.
    Hartz, M.
    Hasegawa, T.
    Hastings, N. C.
    Hayato, Y.
    Hiramoto, A.
    Hogan, M.
    Holeczek, J.
    Iacob, F.
    Ichikawa, A. K.
    Ikeda, M.
    Imber, J.
    Ishida, T.
    Ishii, T.
    Ishitsuka, M.
    Iwai, E.
    Iwamoto, K.
    Izmaylov, A.
    Jamieson, B.
    Jiang, M.
    Johnson, S.
    Jonsson, P.
    Jung, C. K.
    Kabirnezhad, M.
    Kaboth, A. C.
    Kajita, T.
    Kakuno, H.
    Kameda, J.
    Kasetti, S.
    Kataoka, Y.
    Katori, T.
    Kearns, E.
    Khabibullin, M.
    Khotjantsev, A.
    Kikawa, T.
    Kim, H.
    King, S.
    Kisiel, J.
    Knight, A.
    Knox, A.
    Kobayashi, T.
    Koch, L.
    Konaka, A.
    Kormos, L. L.
    Korzenev, A.
    Koshio, Y.
    Kowalik, K.
    Kropp, W.
    Kudenko, Y.
    Kuribayashi, S.
    Kurjata, R.
    Kutter, T.
    Kuze, M.
    Labarga, L.
    Lagoda, J.
    Lamont, I.
    Lamoureux, M.
    Last, D.
    Laveder, M.
    Lawe, M.
    Lindner, T.
    Liptak, Z. J.
    Litchfield, R. P.
    Liu, S.
    Long, K. R.
    Longhin, A.
    Lopez, J. P.
    Ludovici, L.
    Lu, X.
    Lux, T.
    Magaletti, L.
    Magro, L.
    Mahn, K.
    Malek, M.
    Manly, S.
    Marchi, T.
    Maret, L.
    Marino, A. D.
    Martin, J. F.
    Martynenko, S.
    Maruyama, T.
    Matsubara, T.
    Matsushita, K.
    Matveev, V.
    Mauger, C.
    Mavrokoridis, K.
    Mazzucato, E.
    McCarthy, M.
    McCauley, N.
    McFarland, K. S.
    McGrew, C.
    Mefodiev, A.
    Metelko, C.
    Mezzetto, M.
    Mijakowski, P.
    Mijakowski, J.
    Minamino, A.
    Mineev, O.
    Mine, S.
    Missert, A.
    Miura, M.
    Bueno, L. Molina
    Moriyama, S.
    Morrison, J.
    Mueller, Th. A.
    Murphy, S.
    Nagai, Y.
    Nakadaira, T.
    Nakahata, M.
    Nakajima, Y.
    Nakamura, A.
    Nakamura, K. G.
    Nakamura, K.
    Nakayama, S.
    Nakaya, T.
    Nakayoshi, K.
    Nantais, C.
    Ngoc, T. V.
    Nishikawa, K.
    Nishimura, Y.
    Nonnenmacher, T.
    Nova, F.
    Novella, P.
    Nowak, J.
    Nugent, J. C.
    O’Keeffe, H. M.
    Odagawa, T.
    Ohta, R.
    Okamoto, K.
    Okumura, K.
    Okusawa, T.
    Ovsyannikova, T.
    Owen, R. A.
    Oyama, Y.
    Palladino, V.
    Paolone, V.
    Pari, M.
    Parker, W.
    Parsa, S.
    Pasternak, J.
    Pastore, C.
    Pavin, M.
    Payne, D.
    Perkin, J. D.
    Pickard, L.
    Pickering, L.
    Guerra, E. S. Pinzon
    Popov, B.
    Posiadala-Zezula, M.
    Poutissou, J. -M
    Poutissou, R.
    Pozimski, J.
    Przewlocki, P.
    Przybilsk, H.
    Quilain, B.
    Radermacher, T.
    Radicioni, E.
    Radics, B.
    Ratoff, P. N.
    Reinherz-Aronis, E.
    Riccio, C.
    Rojas, P.
    Rondio, E.
    Rossi, B.
    Roth, S.
    Rubbia, A.
    Ruggeri, A. C.
    Ruggles, C. A.
    Rychter, A.
    Sakashita, K.
    Sánchez, F.
    Schloesser, C. M.
    Scholberg, K.
    Schwehr, J.
    Scott, M.
    Seiya, Y.
    Sekiguchi, T.
    Sekiya, H.
    Sgalaberna, D.
    Shaikina, A.
    Shah, R.
    Shaikhiev, A.
    Shaker, F.
    Shaw, D.
    Shiozawa, M.
    Shirahige, T.
    Shorrock, W.
    Smirnov, A.
    Smy, M.
    Sobczyk, J. T.
    Sobel, H.
    Soler, F. J. P.
    Southwell, L.
    Spina, R.
    Steinmann, J.
    Stewart, T.
    Stowell, P.
    Suvorov, S.
    Suzuki, A.
    Suzuki, S. Y.
    Suzuki, Y.
    Swierblewski, J.
    Szeptycka, M.
    Szoldos, S.
    Sztuc, A.
    Tacik, R.
    Tada, M.
    Tajima, M.
    Takeda, A.
    Takeuchi, Y.
    Tanaka, H. K.
    Tanaka, H. A.
    Thompson, L. F.
    Toki, W.
    Tomura, T.
    Touramanis, C.
    Tsui, K.
    Tsukamoto, T.
    Tzanov, M.
    Uchida, M. A.
    Uchida, Y.
    Vagins, M.
    Van, N. H.
    Vasseur, G.
    Viant, T.
    Vilela, C.
    Wachala, T.
    Walter, C. W.
    Wang, Y.
    Wark, D.
    Wascko, M. O.
    Weber, A.
    Wendell, R.
    Wilkes, R. J.
    Wilking, M. J.
    Wilson, J. R.
    Wilson, R. J.
    Wood, K.
    Wret, C.
    Yamada, Y.
    Yamamoto, K.
    Yanagisawa, C.
    Yang, G.
    Yano, T.
    Yasutome, K.
    Yen, S.
    Yershov, N.
    Yokoyama, M.
    Yoshida, T.
    Yuan, T.
    Yu, M.
    Zalewska, A.
    Zalipska, J.
    Zambelli, L.
    Zaremba, K.
    Ziembicki, M.
    Zimmerman, E. D.
    Zito, M.
    Hamada, E.
    Higashi, N.
    Hirose, E.
    Igarashi, Y.
    Iida, M.
    Iio, M.
    Ikeno, M.
    Kimura, N.
    Kurosawa, N.
    Makida, Y.
    Nakamoto, T.
    Ogitsu, T.
    Ohhata, H.
    Okada, R.
    Okamura, T.
    Onaka, M.
    Sasaki, K.
    Shimazaki, S.
    Shoji, M.
    Sugano, M.
    Tanaka, K.
    Tanaka, M.
    Terashima, A.
    Tomaru, T.
    Uchida, T.
    Yoshida, M.
    J-PARC Neutrino Beamline Upgrade Technical Design Report2019Report (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    In this document, technical details of the upgrade plan of the J-PARC neutrino beamline for the extension of the T2K experiment are described. T2K has proposed to accumulate data corresponding to 2×1022 protons-on-target in the next decade, aiming at an initial observation of CP violation with 3σ or higher significance in the case of maximal CP violation. Methods to increase the neutrino beam intensity, which are necessary to achieve the proposed data increase, are described.

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    J-PARC Neutrino Beamline Upgrade Technical Design Report
  • 257.
    Abe, Y
    et al.
    Tohoku University, Japan; .
    Hara, K
    Tohoku University, Japan; .
    Matsumoto, H
    Tohoku University, Japan; .
    Kobayashi-, J
    Tohoku University, Japan; .
    Sasada, H
    Tohoku University, Japan; .
    Ekwall, H
    Tohoku University, Japan; .
    Rodriguez-Martinez, Heriberto
    Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences; Sweden.
    Sato, E
    Tohoku University, Japan; .
    Feasibility of a nylon-mesh holder for vitrification of bovine germinal vesicle oocytes in subsequent production of viable blastocysts2005In: Biology of Reproduction, ISSN 0006-3363, E-ISSN 1529-7268, Vol. 72, no 6, p. 1416-1420Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    To improve the feasibility of nylon-mesh holder for vitrification of bovine cumulus-oocytes complexes (GV-COCs) having germinal vesicle, this study was conducted to demonstrate effects of sugars and protocol of exposure in vitrification on subsequent in vitro maturation, ultrastructural changes, and in vitro development in bovine immature oocytes after cryopreservation using nylon mesh. Before vitrification, GV-COCs were exposed to the cryoprotectant, which was composed of 40% (v/v) ethylene glycol, 18% (w/v) Ficoll-70, and 0.3 M sucrose (EFS40) or 0.3 M trehalose (EFT40), either by single step or in a stepwise way. The maturation rates in the stepwise exposure with EFS40 or EFT40 were significantly higher (P less than 0.05) compared with the corresponding rates in the single step. In the stepwise exposure, few abnormalities were observed compared with the single-step exposure, where most oocytes showed a highly vacuolated cytoplasm with many ruptured mitochondria. Cleavage rates in fertilized oocytes previously exposed stepwise to EFS40 or EFT40 were significantly higher than those exposed by the single-step procedure. The cleaved embryos derived from the stepwise exposure to EFS40 developed to blastocysts. After transfer of blastocysts derived from vitrified GV oocytes, a female calf was born. These results indicate that vitrification of large numbers of bovine GV-COCs using a nylon-mesh holder accompanied with stepwise exposure minimizes structural damage in organelles, resulting in yield of viable blastocysts following in vitro embryo production.

  • 258.
    Abebe, Meaza Eshetu
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Business Administration.
    Kalinina, Ekaterina
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Business Administration.
    Coordination of inter-organizational projects within creative industries: A contextual perspective2012Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (Two Years)), 20 credits / 30 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Inter-organizational projects have become common forms of organizing in various industries such as construction, advertising, music, film making etc. The unique structural nature of Inter-organizational projects coupled with the fact that they carried out through the participation of multiple organizations, raises issues of coordination. Particularly when it comes to creative industries, coordination is challenged by demand and transactional uncertainties. In order to understand how inter-organizational projects achieve coordination in such situations, it is important to study their interior processes putting in consideration their environmental context. 

    The aim of this research is to study how network embeddedness enhances coordination in inter-organizational projects within creative industries.

    Inter-organizational projects: are projects that are carried out through the collaboration of multiple legally independent organizations

    Inter-organizational networks: refer to sets of long-term ties among independent organizations that are engaged in continuous exchange relations.

    Embeddedness: refers to the continuous interaction of individuals, organizations, projects etc. with their environmental context.

    Macrocultures: refer to the shared beliefs, norms values rules and practices with in inter- organizational networks that guide members on their actions.

    A qualitative approach using a multiple comparative case study was conducted. Accordingly four projects chosen from creative industries were studied using both primary and secondary data.

    Macrocultures that are embedded inter-organizational networks facilitate coordination within inter-organizational projects. Further projects that differ in their constituents task nature, time duration and team composition relied on different types of embeddedness for coordination.

    Download full text (pdf)
    ISRN LIU-IEI-FIL-A--1201237--SE
  • 259. Order onlineBuy this publication >>
    Abedini, Fereshteh
    Linköping University, Department of Science and Technology, Media and Information Technology. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    2D and 3D Halftoning for Appearance Reproduction2023Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    The appearance of an object is determined by its chromatic and geometric qualities in its surrounding environment using four optical parameters: color, gloss, translucency, and surface texture. Reconstructing the appearance of objects is of great importance in many applications, including creative industries, packaging, fine-art reproduction, medical simulation, and prosthesis-making. Printers are reproduction devices capable of replicating objects’ appearance in 2D and 3D forms. With the introduction of new printing technologies, new inks and materials, and demands for innovative applications, creating accurate reproduction of the desired visual appearance has become challenging. Thus, the appearance reproduction workflow requires improvements and adaptations. 

    Accurate color reproduction is a critical quality measure in reproducing the desired appearance in any printing process. However, printers are devices with a limited number of inks that can either print a dot or leave it blank at a specific position on a substrate; hence, to reproduce different colors, optimal placement of the available inks is needed. Halftoning is a technique that deals with this challenge by generating a spatial distribution of the available inks that creates an illusion of the target color when viewed from a sufficiently large distance. Halftoning is a fundamental part of the color reproduction task in any full-color printing pipeline, and it is an effective technique to increase the potential of printing realistic and complex appearances. Although halftoning has been used in 2D printing for many decades, it still requires improvements in reproducing fine details and structures of images. Moreover, the emergence of new technologies in 3D printing introduces a higher degree of freedom and more parameters to the field of appearance reproduction. Therefore, there is a critical need for extensive studies to revisit existing halftoning algorithms and develop novel approaches to produce high quality prints that match the target appearance faithfully. This thesis aims at developing halftoning algorithms to improve appearance reproduction in 2D and 3D printing. 

    Contributions of this thesis in the 2D domain is a dynamic sharpness-enhancing halftoning approach, which adaptively varies the local sharpness of the halftone image based on different textures in the original image for realistic appearance printing. The results show improvements in halftone quality in terms of sharpness, preserving structural similarity, and decreasing color reproduction error. The main contribution of this thesis in 3D printing is extending a high quality 2D halftoning algorithm to the 3D domain. The proposed method is then integrated with a multi-layer printing approach, where ink is deposited at variable depths to improve the reproduction of tones and fine details. Results demonstrate that the proposed method accurately reproduces tones and details of the target appearance. Another contribution of this thesis is studying the effect of halftoning on the perceived appearance of 3D printed surfaces. According to the results, changing the dot placement based on the elevation variation of the underlying geometry can potentially control the perception of the 3D printed appearance. It implies that the choice of halftone may prove helpful in eliminating unwanted artifacts, enhancing the object’s geometric features, and producing a more accurate 3D appearance. The proposed methods in this thesis have been evaluated using different printing techniques.    

    List of papers
    1. 3D Halftoning based on Iterative Method Controlling Dot Placement
    Open this publication in new window or tab >>3D Halftoning based on Iterative Method Controlling Dot Placement
    2020 (English)Conference paper, Oral presentation with published abstract (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Realistic appearance reproduction is of great importance in 3D printing’s applications. Halftoning as a necessary process in printing has a great impact on creating visually pleasant appearance. In this article, we study the aspects of adapting and applying Iterative Method Controlling Dot Placement (IMCDP) to halftone three-dimensional surfaces. Our main goal is to extend the 2D algorithm to a 3D halftoning approach with minor modifications. The results show high-quality reproduction for all gray tones. The 3D halftoning algorithm is not only free of undesirable artifacts, it also produces fully symmetric and wellformed halftone structures even in highlight and shadow regions.

    Keywords
    3D printing, 3D halftoning, Surface reproduction
    National Category
    Media Engineering
    Identifiers
    urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-171744 (URN)10.2352/ISSN.2169-4451.2020.36.69 (DOI)
    Conference
    Printing for Fabrication, Online 2020, October 19-21
    Available from: 2020-12-01 Created: 2020-12-01 Last updated: 2023-09-26Bibliographically approved
    2. 3D Surface Structures and 3D Halftoning
    Open this publication in new window or tab >>3D Surface Structures and 3D Halftoning
    2020 (English)Conference paper, Published paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    As 3D printing is becoming increasingly popular, the demand for high quality surface reproduction is also increasing. Like in 2D printing, halftoning plays an important role in the quality of the surface reproduction. Developing advanced 3D halftoning methods for 3D printing and adapting them to the structure of the surface is therefore essential for improving surface reproduction quality. In this paper, an extension of an iterative 2D halftoning method to 3D is used to apply different halftone structures on 3D surfaces. The results show that using different halftones based on the 3D geometrical structure of the surface and/or the viewing angle in combination with the structure of the texture being mapped on the surface can potentially improve the quality of the appearance of 3D surfaces.

    Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
    The Society for Imaging Science and Technology, 2020
    Keywords
    3D halftoning, Hybrid halftoning, 3D surface structures
    National Category
    Media Engineering
    Identifiers
    urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-170797 (URN)10.2352/ISSN.2169-4451.2020.36.75 (DOI)
    Conference
    Printing for Fabrication 2020
    Available from: 2020-10-22 Created: 2020-10-22 Last updated: 2024-01-02Bibliographically approved
    3. The Effect of Halftoning on the Appearance of 3D Printed Surfaces
    Open this publication in new window or tab >>The Effect of Halftoning on the Appearance of 3D Printed Surfaces
    2021 (English)Conference paper, Published paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Managing the final appearance of 3D surfaces is an interesting and essential topic in 3D printing applications. Knowledge about the parameters which influence the 3D surface reproduction quality enables engineers to achieve the final appearance as accurately as designed. Many studies have been conducted to explore numerous parameters that affect the quality of 3D surface reproduction. This work contributes to verifying the role of halftoning in increasing the 3D surface visual quality and the control over the surface appearance of a 3D printed object. The results show that applying different halftones according to the geometrical characteristics of the 3D surface could emphasize or diminish the perceived 3D geometrical structures of a shape. The experimental results are in line with the simulated outputs reported in previous work. Our findings might introduce a new approach towards having more control over 3D appearance reproduction without changing the material or printer settings.

    Keywords
    3D printing, Halftoning, Surface appearance
    National Category
    Media Engineering
    Identifiers
    urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-180696 (URN)
    Conference
    47th Annual Conference of Iarigai
    Available from: 2021-10-29 Created: 2021-10-29 Last updated: 2023-09-26Bibliographically approved
    4. Structure-Aware Halftoning Using the Iterative Method Controlling the Dot Placement
    Open this publication in new window or tab >>Structure-Aware Halftoning Using the Iterative Method Controlling the Dot Placement
    2021 (English)In: Journal of Imaging Science and Technology, ISSN 1062-3701, E-ISSN 1943-3522, Vol. 65, no 6Article in journal (Refereed) Published
    Abstract [en]

    Many image reproduction devices, such as printers, are limited to only a few numbers of printing inks. Halftoning, which is the process to convert a continuous-tone image into a binary one, is, therefore, an essential part of printing. An iterative halftoning method, called Iterative Halftoning Method Controlling the Dot Placement (IMCDP), which has already been studied by research scholars, generally results in halftones of good quality. In this paper, we propose a structure-based alternative to this algorithm that improves the halftone image quality in terms of sharpness, structural similarity, and tone preservation. By employing appropriate symmetrical and non-symmetrical Gaussian filters inside the proposed halftoning method, it is possible to adaptively change the degree of sharpening in different parts of the continuous-tone image. This is done by identifying a dominant line in the neighborhood of each pixel in the original image, utilizing the Hough Transform, and aligning the dots along the dominant line. The objective and subjective quality assessments verify that the proposed structure-based method not only results in sharper halftones, giving more three-dimensional impression, but also improves the structural similarity and tone preservation. The adaptive nature of the proposed halftoning method makes it an appropriate algorithm to be further developed to a 3D halftoning method, which could be adapted to different parts of a 3D object by exploiting both the structure of the images being mapped and the 3D geometrical structure of the underlying printed surface.

    Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
    I S & T-SOC IMAGING SCIENCE TECHNOLOGY, 2021
    Keywords
    Halftoning, Structure-Aware Halftoning, Hough Transform, Image Quality Evaluation
    National Category
    Media Engineering
    Identifiers
    urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-181613 (URN)10.2352/j.imagingsci.technol.2021.65.6.060404 (DOI)000734009600011 ()
    Note

    Funding: ApPEARS (Appearance Printing European Advanced Research School); European Unions Horizon 2020 programme under the Marie Skodowska-Curie [814158]

    Available from: 2021-12-04 Created: 2021-12-04 Last updated: 2023-09-26Bibliographically approved
    5. Structure-Aware Color Halftoning with Adaptive Sharpness Control
    Open this publication in new window or tab >>Structure-Aware Color Halftoning with Adaptive Sharpness Control
    2022 (English)In: Journal of Imaging Science and Technology, ISSN 1062-3701, E-ISSN 1943-3522, Vol. 66, no 6, article id 060404Article in journal (Refereed) Published
    Abstract [en]

    Structure-aware halftoning algorithms aim at improving their non-structure-aware version by preserving high-frequency details, structures, and tones and by employing additional information from the input image content. The recently proposed achromatic structure-aware Iterative Method Controlling the Dot Placement (IMCDP) halftoning algorithm uses the angle of the dominant line in each pixels neighborhood as supplementary information to align halftone structures with the dominant orientation in each region and results in sharper halftones, gives a more three-dimensional impression, and improves the structural similarity and tone preservation. However, this method is developed only for monochrome halftoning, the degree of sharpness enhancement is constant for the entire image, and the algorithm is prohibitively expensive for large images. In this paper, we present a faster and more flexible approach for representing the image structure using a Gabor-based orientation extraction technique which improves the computational performance of the structure-aware IMCDP by an order of magnitude while improving the visual qualities. In addition, we extended the method to color halftoning and studied the impact of orientation information in different color channels on improving sharpness enhancement, preserving structural similarity, and decreasing color reproduction error. Furthermore, we propose a dynamic sharpness enhancement approach, which adaptively varies the local sharpness of the halftone image based on different textures across the image. Our contributions in the present work enable the algorithm to adaptively work on large images with multiple regions and different textures. (C) 2022 Society for Imaging Science and Technology.

    Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
    I S & T-SOC IMAGING SCIENCE TECHNOLOGY, 2022
    National Category
    Media Engineering
    Identifiers
    urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-192705 (URN)10.2352/J.ImagingSci.Technol.2022.66.6.060404 (DOI)000939908300011 ()
    Note

    Funding Agencies|ApPEARS (Appearance Printing European Advanced Research School); European Unions Horizon 2020 programme under the Marie Sklodowska-Curie grant [814158]

    Available from: 2023-03-31 Created: 2023-03-31 Last updated: 2023-09-26
    6. Effect of halftones on printing iridescent colors
    Open this publication in new window or tab >>Effect of halftones on printing iridescent colors
    2023 (English)In: IS&T Electronic Imaging: Color Imaging XXVIII: Displaying, Processng, Hardcopy, and Applications, The Society for Imaging Science and Technology, 2023, Vol. 35, p. 1-6Conference paper, Published paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The iridescent effect produced by structural color is difficult (if not impossible) to capture and print using traditional CMYK pigments. The so called RGB reflective pigments, nonetheless, generate angle-dependent colors by light interference. A layered surface structure generated by the pigments’ particles on a substrate reflects light waves of different wavelengths at different viewing angles according to the optical principle known as the Bragg Law. In this work, we have studied the influence of different halftone structures on printed images, produced with RGB reflective inks via screen printing. The main goal was to enhance the iridescence of a printed reproduction by studying the performance of different halftone algorithms on a screen printing process. We investigated the influence of different halftone structures in creating different spatial combinations of inks on a print to reproduce the image of an iridescent feathered headdress. We applied first-order, second-order, and structure-aware FM halftones to compare how they influence the reproduction of the material appearance of the object represented in the original image. The results show that the structure-ware halftones improve the representation of the image structures and details. Therefore, it could better convey the 3D surface features that produce iridescence in real feathers.

    Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
    The Society for Imaging Science and Technology, 2023
    National Category
    Media Engineering
    Identifiers
    urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-197992 (URN)
    Conference
    IS&T Electronic Imaging
    Available from: 2023-09-20 Created: 2023-09-20 Last updated: 2023-09-26
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  • 260.
    Abedini, Fereshteh
    Linköping University, Department of Science and Technology, Media and Information Technology. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Effect of halftones on printing iridescent colors2023In: IS&T Electronic Imaging: Color Imaging XXVIII: Displaying, Processng, Hardcopy, and Applications, The Society for Imaging Science and Technology, 2023, Vol. 35, p. 1-6Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The iridescent effect produced by structural color is difficult (if not impossible) to capture and print using traditional CMYK pigments. The so called RGB reflective pigments, nonetheless, generate angle-dependent colors by light interference. A layered surface structure generated by the pigments’ particles on a substrate reflects light waves of different wavelengths at different viewing angles according to the optical principle known as the Bragg Law. In this work, we have studied the influence of different halftone structures on printed images, produced with RGB reflective inks via screen printing. The main goal was to enhance the iridescence of a printed reproduction by studying the performance of different halftone algorithms on a screen printing process. We investigated the influence of different halftone structures in creating different spatial combinations of inks on a print to reproduce the image of an iridescent feathered headdress. We applied first-order, second-order, and structure-aware FM halftones to compare how they influence the reproduction of the material appearance of the object represented in the original image. The results show that the structure-ware halftones improve the representation of the image structures and details. Therefore, it could better convey the 3D surface features that produce iridescence in real feathers.

  • 261.
    Abedini, Fereshteh
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Science and Technology, Media and Information Technology. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Gooran, Sasan
    Linköping University, Department of Science and Technology, Media and Information Technology. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Structure-Aware Color Halftoning with Adaptive Sharpness Control2022In: Journal of Imaging Science and Technology, ISSN 1062-3701, E-ISSN 1943-3522, Vol. 66, no 6, article id 060404Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Structure-aware halftoning algorithms aim at improving their non-structure-aware version by preserving high-frequency details, structures, and tones and by employing additional information from the input image content. The recently proposed achromatic structure-aware Iterative Method Controlling the Dot Placement (IMCDP) halftoning algorithm uses the angle of the dominant line in each pixels neighborhood as supplementary information to align halftone structures with the dominant orientation in each region and results in sharper halftones, gives a more three-dimensional impression, and improves the structural similarity and tone preservation. However, this method is developed only for monochrome halftoning, the degree of sharpness enhancement is constant for the entire image, and the algorithm is prohibitively expensive for large images. In this paper, we present a faster and more flexible approach for representing the image structure using a Gabor-based orientation extraction technique which improves the computational performance of the structure-aware IMCDP by an order of magnitude while improving the visual qualities. In addition, we extended the method to color halftoning and studied the impact of orientation information in different color channels on improving sharpness enhancement, preserving structural similarity, and decreasing color reproduction error. Furthermore, we propose a dynamic sharpness enhancement approach, which adaptively varies the local sharpness of the halftone image based on different textures across the image. Our contributions in the present work enable the algorithm to adaptively work on large images with multiple regions and different textures. (C) 2022 Society for Imaging Science and Technology.

  • 262.
    Abedini, Fereshteh
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Science and Technology, Media and Information Technology. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Gooran, Sasan
    Linköping University, Department of Science and Technology, Media and Information Technology. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Kitanovski, Vlado
    Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, Department of Computer Science, Gjøvik, Norway.
    Nyström, Daniel
    Linköping University, Department of Science and Technology, Media and Information Technology. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Structure-Aware Halftoning Using the Iterative Method Controlling the Dot Placement2021In: Journal of Imaging Science and Technology, ISSN 1062-3701, E-ISSN 1943-3522, Vol. 65, no 6Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Many image reproduction devices, such as printers, are limited to only a few numbers of printing inks. Halftoning, which is the process to convert a continuous-tone image into a binary one, is, therefore, an essential part of printing. An iterative halftoning method, called Iterative Halftoning Method Controlling the Dot Placement (IMCDP), which has already been studied by research scholars, generally results in halftones of good quality. In this paper, we propose a structure-based alternative to this algorithm that improves the halftone image quality in terms of sharpness, structural similarity, and tone preservation. By employing appropriate symmetrical and non-symmetrical Gaussian filters inside the proposed halftoning method, it is possible to adaptively change the degree of sharpening in different parts of the continuous-tone image. This is done by identifying a dominant line in the neighborhood of each pixel in the original image, utilizing the Hough Transform, and aligning the dots along the dominant line. The objective and subjective quality assessments verify that the proposed structure-based method not only results in sharper halftones, giving more three-dimensional impression, but also improves the structural similarity and tone preservation. The adaptive nature of the proposed halftoning method makes it an appropriate algorithm to be further developed to a 3D halftoning method, which could be adapted to different parts of a 3D object by exploiting both the structure of the images being mapped and the 3D geometrical structure of the underlying printed surface.

    Download (png)
    preview image
  • 263.
    Abedini, Fereshteh
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Science and Technology, Media and Information Technology. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Gooran, Sasan
    Linköping University, Department of Science and Technology, Media and Information Technology. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Nyström, Daniel
    Linköping University, Department of Science and Technology, Media and Information Technology. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    3D Halftoning based on Iterative Method Controlling Dot Placement2020Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Realistic appearance reproduction is of great importance in 3D printing’s applications. Halftoning as a necessary process in printing has a great impact on creating visually pleasant appearance. In this article, we study the aspects of adapting and applying Iterative Method Controlling Dot Placement (IMCDP) to halftone three-dimensional surfaces. Our main goal is to extend the 2D algorithm to a 3D halftoning approach with minor modifications. The results show high-quality reproduction for all gray tones. The 3D halftoning algorithm is not only free of undesirable artifacts, it also produces fully symmetric and wellformed halftone structures even in highlight and shadow regions.

    Download (png)
    preview image
  • 264.
    Abedini, Fereshteh
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Science and Technology, Media and Information Technology. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Gooran, Sasan
    Linköping University, Department of Science and Technology, Media and Information Technology. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Nyström, Daniel
    Linköping University, Department of Science and Technology, Media and Information Technology. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    The Effect of Halftoning on the Appearance of 3D Printed Surfaces2021Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Managing the final appearance of 3D surfaces is an interesting and essential topic in 3D printing applications. Knowledge about the parameters which influence the 3D surface reproduction quality enables engineers to achieve the final appearance as accurately as designed. Many studies have been conducted to explore numerous parameters that affect the quality of 3D surface reproduction. This work contributes to verifying the role of halftoning in increasing the 3D surface visual quality and the control over the surface appearance of a 3D printed object. The results show that applying different halftones according to the geometrical characteristics of the 3D surface could emphasize or diminish the perceived 3D geometrical structures of a shape. The experimental results are in line with the simulated outputs reported in previous work. Our findings might introduce a new approach towards having more control over 3D appearance reproduction without changing the material or printer settings.

    Download (png)
    preview image
  • 265.
    Abednazari, Hossein
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Infectious Diseases. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Xu, Junyang
    Linköping University, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Infectious Diseases. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Millinger, Eva
    Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Centre of Surgery and Oncology, Department of Respiratory Medicine. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Brudin, Lars
    Department of Clinical Physiology, County Hospital, Kalmar, Sweden.
    Forsberg, Pia
    Linköping University, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Infectious Diseases. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Nayeri, Fariba
    Linköping University, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Infectious Diseases. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Hepatocyte growth factor is a better indicator of therapeutic response than C-reactive protein within the first day of treatment in pneumonia2006In: Chemotherapy, ISSN 0009-3157, E-ISSN 1421-9794, Vol. 52, no 5, p. 260-263Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Acute bacterial infectious diseases are mostly treated empirically at admission before the culture results are available. According to the risk for serious complications in the case of therapeutic failure, it is important to evaluate the therapy results and change to a more appropriate antibiotic regime as soon as possible. In the present study, 40 patients with X-ray-verified community-acquired pneumonia were examined and blood specimens were collected before and within 24 h of treatment. Body temperature, C-reactive protein (CRP) and hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) were investigated. Thirty-two patients received an appropriate initial antibiotic therapy regarding clinical outcome, but in 8 patients the treatment was changed because of therapy failure. Changes of HGF levels after 18–24 h of treatment could predict the therapeutic results accurately in 38 of 40 cases (sensitivity 100%, specificity 94%, positive likelihood ratio 16.0). HGF was significantly better to predict therapy outcome than CRP (p < 0.0001).

  • 266.
    Abednazari, Hossin
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of Microbiology and Molecular Medicine. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. PEAS Institute, Linköping.
    Brudin, Lars
    Linköping University, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Heart and Medicine Center, Department of Clinical Physiology in Linköping.
    Almroth, Gabriel
    Linköping University, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Division of Drug Research. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Heart and Medicine Center, Department of Nephrology.
    Nilsson, Ingela
    Kalmar County Hospital, Sweden.
    Nayeri, Fariba
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of Microbiology and Molecular Medicine. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Heart and Medicine Center, Department of Infectious Diseases.
    Hepatocyte growth factor is a reliable marker for efficient anti-bacterial therapy within the first day of treatment2014In: Advances in Bioscience and Biotechnology, ISSN 2156-8456, E-ISSN 2156-8502, Vol. 5, no 10, p. 823-830Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Rapid diagnosis and choice of appropriate antibiotic treatment might be life-saving in serious infectious diseases. Still the available markers that can evaluate and monitor the diagnosis and treatment are few. Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) has been studied as a potent regenerative factor produced and released during injuries such as infectious diseases. Monitoring of HGF levels might predict therapy results better than C-reactive protein (CRP) within the first day of treatment in pneumonia. For further investigation of previous observations we aimed to study HGF as a first-day marker in over-representing infectious diseases in comparison to procalcitonin (PCT), CRP and body temperature. Fifty-one patients with community acquired infectious diseases were included consequently at admittance and the serum samples were collected before and within 18 - 24 hours of treatment. HGF levels decreased significantly in case of efficient antibiotic therapy and HGF was shown to be better than PCT, CRP and body temperature to evaluate treatment. In patients with pneumonia, monitoring of HGF was most reasonable. HGF might be used as a therapeutic marker within the first day of empiric antibiotic treatment during infection.

  • 267.
    Abela, Charles
    Linköping University, Department of Behavioural Sciences and Learning.
    Understanding the Dynamics of the Employability Agenda in Further Education Colleges in England: New Cross College - A Case Study2008Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (Two Years)), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    This study explores the dynamic of what happens within a further education college in order to develop an understanding of the cultures, systems and processes that are used to socially construct meaning around work and employability.  It is an inductive approach and is based on a case study of a further education college in South London.  The case study is analysed through the metaphor of an “extended family” and draws on social learning theory which is predicated on meaning and identity being created through social interaction (Wenger, 1998).  What has become apparent from being immersed within that extended family of the College, from interviews with staff and students, interacting in social activities, observing classes and reviewing many of its artefacts is perhaps an unremarkable conclusion.  The work of the family is not primarily about imparting a given set of skills (although that plays an important part) but in the formation of identity: “because learning transforms who we are and what we can do, it is an experience of identity” (Wenger, 1998, p. 215).  A major task for the College is to build self belief in developing the identity of learners and assist them to make new meaning so that they can transact effectively in economic life.  To the extent that one can examine and comprehend the organisational DNA of a further education college there are markers here, genes if you will, that can be passed across generations of learners that adapt and shift to survive in life beyond the boundaries of this community.  This study constructs a narrative around that research experience to respond to that primary research question about how the dynamics of the employability operate within a college.  The answer is partial, limited and perhaps only grabs at a corner of what is really going on within the College.  With those caveats and disclaimers what follows is the story of how a discourse takes root and flourishes within a learning community.  It points to the need to re-set the relationship between FE colleges and government to promote greater coherence between policy and practice.

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    Understanding the Dynamics of the Employability Agenda in Further Education Colleges in England
  • 268.
    Abele, Wilhelm
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering.
    Starfelt, Simon
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering.
    Framgångsfaktorer vid implementering av artificiell intelligens2020Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (One Year)), 20 credits / 30 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Title: Success factors in the implementation of artificial intelligence

    Authors: Wilhelm Abele & Simon Starfelt

    Supervisor: Jon Engström

    Key Words: Artificial intelligence (AI), AI-implementation, Success factors, Obstacles, Organization.

    Background: Artificial intelligence is a concept that has existed for a while; however, it is only recently that the technology has caught up with the concept. Recent studies show that many organizations realize AI’s huge value potential, however, the majority of the organizations that have invested in AI generates minimal or no business value at all from the investment. Research shows that organizations face complications during the implementation process of AI and in order to generate value, the purpose of the AI solution should be business-driven, not IT-driven. Therefore, shall the factors impacting the implementation process of AI be studied further.

    Purpose: The purpose of this study is to examine what factors determine success when implementing AI solutions in organizations. In addition, an aim of this study is to suggest a framework for implementing AI solutions that organizations can use as a guide.

    Completion: The study is a tentative, multiple case study characterized by qualitative approach. The empirical data has been collected through interviews with six different companies that either produce and deliver AI solutions, or have bought AI solutions. These companies have been selected through a target-oriented selection process.

    Conclusion: The study results in the creation of a framework consisting of the factors deemed decisive for a successful implementation of AI in an organization. The framework is divided into three phases: (1) Preparation phase, (2) Implementation phase, and (3) Evaluation phase. The success factors associated with a fruitful AI implementation are: a business-driven purpose, stakeholder involvement, data- quality and handling, knowledge sharing and organizational structure, evaluation and feedback.

    Download full text (pdf)
    Framgångsfaktorer vid implementering av AI - Abele & Starfelt
  • 269.
    Abelius, M
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Pediatrics. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Ernerudh, Jan
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Clinical Immunology. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Centre for Diagnostics, Department of Clinical Immunology and Transfusion Medicine.
    Berg, Göran
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Obstetrics and gynecology. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Centre of Paediatrics and Gynecology and Obstetrics, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics in Linköping.
    Matthiesen, Leif
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Obstetrics and gynecology. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Centre of Paediatrics and Gynecology and Obstetrics, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics in Linköping.
    Nilsson, L J
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Jenmalm, Maria
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Pediatrics. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Immunological interactions between mother and child: a characterisation of Th1-and Th2-like chemokines during pregnancy, postpartum and childhood in JOURNAL OF REPRODUCTIVE IMMUNOLOGY, vol 90, issue 2, pp 170-1712011In: JOURNAL OF REPRODUCTIVE IMMUNOLOGY, Elsevier , 2011, Vol. 90, no 2, p. 170-171Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    n/a

  • 270. Order onlineBuy this publication >>
    Abelius, Martina
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Immunological interactions between mother and child during pregnancy in relation to the development of allergic diseases in the offspring2014Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    Background: Pregnancy and allergic disease have both been postulated as T-helper 2 (Th2) phenomena. Thus, the increased propensity of allergic mothers to mount Th2-responses might generate favourable effects on the maintenance of pregnancy, but might also be unfavorable, as fetal exposure to a strong Th2 environment could influence the immune development in the offspring to a Th2-like phenotype, favouring IgE production and possibly allergy development later in life. The influence of the intrauterine environment on the immunity and allergy development in the offspring needs to be further investigated.

    Aim: The aim of this thesis was to explore the Th1/Th2 balance in allergic and non-allergic women during pregnancy and its influence on the shaping of the Th1/Th2 profile in the neonate and the development of allergic diseases in the offspring.

    Material and methods: The study group included 20 women with and 36 women without allergic symptoms followed during pregnancy (gestational week 10-12, 15-16, 25, 35, 39) and 2 and 12 months postpartum, and their children followed from birth to 6 years of age. The circulating Th1-like chemokines CXCL9, CXCL10, CXCL11, Th2-like chemokines CCL17, CCL18 and CCL22, and the allergen-induced secretion of interleukin-4 (IL-4), IL-5, IL-10, IL-13, Interferon-γ (IFN-γ), CXCL10 and CCL17 were measured by Luminex and ELISA. The allergen-specific and total IgE levels were quantified using ImmunoCAP Technology. mRNA expression of Th1-, Th2-, Treg- and Th17-associated genes were measured by PCR arrays and real-time PCR.

    Results: We found that sensitised women with allergic symptoms had increased total IgE levels and birch- and cat-induced IL-5, IL-13 and CCL17 responses during pregnancy as compared with postpartum. The non-sensitised women without allergic symptoms had elevated cat-induced IL-5 and IL-13 responses and lower birch- and cat-induced IFN-γ during pregnancy, but similar IgE levels as compared with postpartum.

    Maternal total IgE levels during and after pregnancy correlated with cord blood (CB) IgE and CCL22 levels (regardless of maternal allergy status). Circulating CXCL11, CCL18 and CCL22 levels during pregnancy and postpartum correlated with the corresponding chemokine levels in the offspring at various time points during childhood. Maternal IL-5 expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) was associated with neonatal Galectin-1, and placental p35 expression was negatively associated with neonatal Tbx21 expression. Increased mRNA expression of CCL22 in cord blood mononuclear cells (CBMC), and increased CCL17 and CCL22 levels in CB were observed in children later developing allergic symptoms and sensitisation as compared with children who did not. Development of allergic symptoms and sensitisation were associated with increased total IgE, CCL17, CCL18 and CCL22 levels during childhood.

    Conclusions: Maternal allergy was associated with a pronounced Th2 deviation during pregnancy, shown as increased total IgE levels and birch- and cat-induced IL-5, IL-13 and CCL17 responses during pregnancy, possibly exposing their fetuses to a particular strong Th2 environment during gestation.

    Correlations were shown between the maternal immunity during pregnancy and the offspring’s immunity at birth and later during childhood, indicating an interplay between the maternal and fetal immunity.

    Allergy development during the first 6 years of life was associated with a marked Th2 deviation at birth and a delayed down-regulation of this Th2-skewed immunity during childhood.

    List of papers
    1. Total and allergen-specific IgE levels during and after pregnancy in relation to maternal allergy
    Open this publication in new window or tab >>Total and allergen-specific IgE levels during and after pregnancy in relation to maternal allergy
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    2009 (English)In: JOURNAL OF REPRODUCTIVE IMMUNOLOGY, ISSN 0165-0378, Vol. 81, no 1, p. 82-88Article in journal (Refereed) Published
    Abstract [en]

    Type 2 T-helper cell (Th2)-skewed immunity is associated with successful pregnancy and the ability to easily direct immune responses to a Th2-polarised profile may be an evolutionary benefit. The Th2-like immunity associated with allergic disease might generate favourable effects for the maintenance of pregnancy, but could also promote development of Th2-like immune responses and allergic disease in the offspring. The aim of this study was to explore, by using IgE as a stable proxy for Th2, the Th1/Th2 balance in allergic and non-allergic women by measuring allergen-specific and total IgE antibody levels in plasma during pregnancy and after delivery. Specific and total IgE antibody levels were determined by ImmunoCAP technology at five occasions during pregnancy (gestational weeks 10-12, 15-16, 25, 35 and 39), as well as at 2 and 12 months after delivery. Thirty-six women without and 20 women with allergic symptoms were included, of whom 13 were sensitised with allergic symptoms and 30 were non-sensitised without allergic symptoms. The levels of total IgE, but not allergen-specific IgE, were increased during early pregnancy when compared to 12 months after delivery in the sensitised women with allergic symptoms, but not in the non-sensitised women without allergic symptoms (pandlt;0.01). This increase in total IgE levels during early pregnancy only in the sensitised women with allergic symptoms indicates that allergy is associated with an enhanced Th2 deviation during pregnancy.

    Keywords
    Allergy, IgE, Phadiatop, Pregnancy, Th2
    National Category
    Medical and Health Sciences
    Identifiers
    urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-19894 (URN)10.1016/j.jri.2009.04.003 (DOI)
    Note

    Original Publication: Martina Sandberg, Anne Frykman, Yvonne Jonsson, Marie Persson, Jan Ernerudh, Göran Berg, Leif Matthiesen, Christina Ekerfelt and Maria Jenmalm, Total and allergen-specific IgE levels during and after pregnancy in relation to maternal allergy, 2009, JOURNAL OF REPRODUCTIVE IMMUNOLOGY, (81), 1, 82-88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jri.2009.04.003 Copyright: Elsevier Science B.V., Amsterdam. http://www.elsevier.com/

    Available from: 2009-09-09 Created: 2009-08-14 Last updated: 2021-12-29Bibliographically approved
    2. High cord blood levels of the T-helper 2-associated chemokines CCL17 and CCL22 precede allergy development during the first 6 years of life
    Open this publication in new window or tab >>High cord blood levels of the T-helper 2-associated chemokines CCL17 and CCL22 precede allergy development during the first 6 years of life
    Show others...
    2011 (English)In: Pediatric Research, ISSN 0031-3998, E-ISSN 1530-0447, Vol. 70, no 5, p. 495-500Article in journal (Refereed) Published
    Abstract [en]

    Exposure to a strong T-helper 2 (Th2)-like environment during fetal development may promote allergy development. Increased cord blood (CB) levels of the Th2-associated chemokine CCL22 were associated with allergy development during the first 2 y of life. The aim of the present study was to determine whether CB Th1- and Th2-associated chemokine levels are associated with allergy development during the first 6 y of life, allowing assessment of respiratory allergic symptoms usually developing in this period. The CB levels of cytokines, chemokines, and total IgE were determined in 56 children of 20 women with allergic symptoms and 36 women without allergic symptoms. Total IgE and allergen-specific IgE antibody levels were quantified at 6, 12, 24 mo, and 6 y of age. Increased CB CCL22 levels were associated with development of allergic sensitization and asthma and increased CCL17 levels with development of allergic symptoms, including asthma. Sensitized children with allergic symptoms showed higher CB CCL17 and CCL22 levels and higher ratios between these Th2-associated chemokines and the Th1-associated chemokine CXCL10 than nonsensitized children without allergic symptoms. A pronounced Th2 deviation at birth, reflected by increased CB CCL17 and CCL22 levels, and increased CCL22/CXCL10 and CCL17/CXCL10 ratios might promote allergy development later in life.

    Keywords
    AD, atopic dermatitis, ARC, allergic rhinoconjunctivitis, CB, cord blood, SPT, skin prick test, Th, T-helper
    National Category
    Medical and Health Sciences
    Identifiers
    urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-74499 (URN)10.1203/PDR.0b013e31822f2411 (DOI)000296121100010 ()21796021 (PubMedID)
    Available from: 2012-01-30 Created: 2012-01-30 Last updated: 2021-12-29
    3. Th2-like chemokine levels are increased in allergic children and influenced by maternal immunity during pregnancy
    Open this publication in new window or tab >>Th2-like chemokine levels are increased in allergic children and influenced by maternal immunity during pregnancy
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    2014 (English)In: Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, ISSN 0905-6157, E-ISSN 1399-3038, Vol. 25, no 4, p. 387-393Article in journal (Refereed) Published
    Abstract [en]

    Background: The influence of the intra-uterine environment on the immunity and allergy development in the offspring is unclear. We aimed to investigate (i) whether the pregnancy magnifies the Th2 immunity in allergic and non-allergic women, (ii) whether the maternal chemokine levels during pregnancy influenced the offspring’s chemokine levels during childhood and (iii) the relationship between circulating Th1/Th2-associated chemokines and allergy in mothers and children.

    Methods: The Th1-associated chemokines CXCL9, CXCL10, CXCL11, and the Th2- associated chemokines CCL17, CCL18 and CCL22 were quantified by Luminex and ELISA in 20 women with and 36 women without allergic symptoms at gestational week (gw) 10–12, 15–16, 25, 35, 39 and 2 and 12 months post-partum and in their children at birth, 6, 12, 24 months and 6 yr of age. Total IgE levels were measured using ImmunoCAP Technology.

    Results: The levels of the Th2-like chemokines were not magnified by pregnancy. Instead decreased levels were shown during pregnancy (irrespectively of maternal allergy status) as compared to post-partum. In the whole group, the Th1-like chemokine levels were higher at gw 39 than during the first and second trimester and post-partum. Maternal CXCL11, CCL18 and CCL22 levels during and after pregnancy correlated with the corresponding chemokines in the offspring during childhood. Increased CCL22 and decreased CXCL10 levels in the children were associated with sensitisation and increased CCL17 levels with allergic symptoms during childhood. Maternal chemokine levels were not associated with maternal allergic disease.

    Conclusions: Allergic symptoms and sensitisation were associated with decreased Th1-and increased Th2-associated chemokine levels during childhood, indicating a Th2 shift in the allergic children, possibly influenced by the maternal immunity during pregnancy.

    Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
    John Wiley & Sons, 2014
    Keywords
    Allergy; CCL17; CCL22; chemokines; pregnancy; Th2
    National Category
    Medical and Health Sciences
    Identifiers
    urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-106218 (URN)10.1111/pai.12235 (DOI)000338037100013 ()
    Available from: 2014-04-29 Created: 2014-04-29 Last updated: 2021-12-29Bibliographically approved
    4. Gene expression in placenta, peripheral and cord blood mononuclear cells from allergic and non-allergic women
    Open this publication in new window or tab >>Gene expression in placenta, peripheral and cord blood mononuclear cells from allergic and non-allergic women
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    2014 (English)Manuscript (preprint) (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    Background: The influence of maternal allergy on the development of immune responses and allergy in the offspring is not understood.

    Objective: To investigate (i) if maternal allergy influences the gene expression locally in placenta, systemically in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and fetally in cord blood mononuclear cells (CBMC), (ii) if the gene expression in the placenta and PBMC influences the gene expression in CBMC and (iii) how the gene expression at birth relates to allergy development during  childhood.

    Methods: A real-time PCR array was used to quantify forty immune regulatory genes in placenta, PBMC (gestational week 39) and in CBMC from 7 allergic and 12 non-allergic women and their offspring. Furthermore, quantitative real-time PCR was used to measure mRNA expression of Tbx21, GATA-3, Foxp3, RORC and CCL22 in CBMC, selected based on present PCR array results and previous protein findings in cord blood, in 13 children who developed and 11 children who did not develop allergy during childhood.

    Results: The gene expression profile in the placenta revealed a T-helper (Th) 2-/anti-inflammatory environment as compared with gene expression systemically, in PBMC. Maternal allergy was associated with increased expression of p35 in PBMC and CBMC and p40 in placenta. Placental p35 expression correlated with fetal Tbx21 expression (Rho=-0.88, p<0.001) and maternal IL-5 expression in PBMC with fetal Galectin-1 (Rho=0.91, p<0.001) expression. Allergy development in the children was preceded by high mRNA expression of the Th2-associated chemokine CCL22 at birth.

    Conclusion and clinical relevance: Gene expression locally and systemically during pregnancy influenced the offspring’s gene expression at birth, indicating an interplay between maternal and fetal immunity. Children developing allergy during childhood had an increased expression of the Th2-associated chemokine CCL22 at birth, indicating a Th2 skewing before disease onset. Maternal allergy was not associated with a Th2-dominance in placenta, PBMC or CBMC.

    National Category
    Medical and Health Sciences
    Identifiers
    urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-106219 (URN)
    Available from: 2014-04-29 Created: 2014-04-29 Last updated: 2021-12-29Bibliographically approved
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    Immunological interactions between mother and child during pregnancy in relation to the development of allergic diseases in the offspring
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  • 271.
    Abelius, Martina
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of Inflammation Medicine. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Enke, Uta
    University Hospital Jena, Germany.
    Varosi, Frauke
    University Hospital Jena, Germany.
    Hoyer, Heike
    University Hospital Jena, Germany.
    Schleussner, Ekkehard
    University Hospital Jena, Germany.
    Jenmalm, Maria
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of Inflammation Medicine. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Markert, Udo R.
    University Hospital Jena, Germany.
    Placental immune response to apple allergen in allergic mothers2014In: Journal of Reproductive Immunology, ISSN 0165-0378, E-ISSN 1872-7603, Vol. 106, p. 100-109Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The immunological milieu in the placenta may be crucial for priming the developing foetal immune system. Early imbalances may promote the establishment of immune-mediated diseases in later life, including allergies. The initial exposure to allergens seems to occur in utero, but little is known about allergen-induced placental cytokine and chemokine release. The release of several cytokines and chemokines from placenta tissue after exposure to mast cell degranulator compound 48/80 or apple allergen in placentas from allergic and healthy mothers was to be analysed. Four placentas from women with apple allergy and three controls were applied in a placental perfusion model with two separate cotyledons simultaneously perfused with and without apple allergen (Mal d 1). Two control placentas were perfused with compound 48/80. In outflow, histamine was quantified spectrophotofluorometrically, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, TNF and IFN-gamma by a cytometric multiplex bead array and IL-13 and CXCL10, CXCL11, CCL17 and CCL22 with an in-house multiplex Luminex assay. Compound 48/80 induced a rapid release of histamine, CXCL10, CXCL11, CCL17 and CCL22, but not of the other factors. Apple allergen induced a time-dependent release of IL-6 and TNF, but not of histamine, in placentas of women with apple allergy compared with the unstimulated cotyledon. CCL17 levels were slightly increased after allergen stimulation in control placentas. Allergens can induce placental cytokines and chemokines distinctly in allergic and healthy mothers. These mediators may affect the prenatal development of the immune system and modify the risk of diseases related to immune disorders in childhood such as allergies.

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    fulltext
  • 272.
    Abelius, Martina
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of Neuro and Inflammation Science. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences.
    Jedenfalk, Malin
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of Neuro and Inflammation Science. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences.
    Ernerudh, Jan
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of Neuro and Inflammation Science. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Region Östergötland, Center for Diagnostics, Department of Clinical Immunology and Transfusion Medicine.
    Janefjord, Camilla
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of Neuro and Inflammation Science. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences.
    Berg, Göran
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of Children's and Women's health. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Region Östergötland, Center of Paediatrics and Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics in Linköping.
    Matthiesen, Leif
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of Children's and Women's health. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Region Östergötland, Center of Paediatrics and Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics in Linköping. Helsingborg Hospital, Sweden.
    Jenmalm, Maria
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of Neuro and Inflammation Science. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences.
    Pregnancy modulates the allergen-induced cytokine production differently in allergic and non-allergic women2017In: Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, ISSN 0905-6157, E-ISSN 1399-3038, Vol. 28, no 8, p. 818-824Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Background: The immunological environment during pregnancy may differ between allergic and non-allergic women. This study investigates the effect of maternal allergy on the allergen-induced cytokine and chemokine levels and whether pregnancy modulates these immune responses differently in allergic and non-allergic women. Methods: The birch-, cat-, phytohemagglutinin- and tetanus toxoid-induced interferon-gamma(IFN-gamma), interleukin (IL)-4, IL-5, IL-10, IL-13, the T-helper 1 (Th1)-associated chemokine CXCL10 and the Th2-associated chemokine CCL17 levels were quantified in 20 women with allergic symptoms (sensitized, n=13) and 36 women without allergic symptoms (non-sensitized, n=30) at gestational weeks 10-12, 15-16, 25, 35 and 2 and 12months post-partum. Results: Birch-, but not cat-induced, IL-5, IL-13 and CCL17 levels were increased during pregnancy as compared to post-partum in the sensitized women with allergic symptoms. In contrast, cat-, but not birch-induced, IL-5 and IL-13 levels were increased during pregnancy as compared to post-partum in the non-sensitized women without allergic symptoms. Furthermore, IFN-gamma secretion was increased in the first and decreased in the second and third trimesters in response to birch and decreased in the third trimester in response to cat as compared to post-partum in the non-sensitized women without allergic symptoms. Increased allergen-induced IL-4, IL-5 and IL-13 levels were associated with allergic symptoms and sensitization. Conclusions: Pregnancy had a clear effect on the allergen-induced IL-5, IL-13, CCL17, IFN-gamma and CXCL10 production, with distinct enhanced Th2-responses to birch in the allergic group and to cat in the non-allergic group.

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    fulltext
  • 273.
    Abelius, Martina S
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Pediatrics. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Ernerudh, Jan
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Clinical Immunology. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Centre for Diagnostics, Department of Clinical Immunology and Transfusion Medicine.
    Berg, Göran
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Obstetrics and gynecology. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Centre of Paediatrics and Gynecology and Obstetrics, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics in Linköping.
    Matthiesen, Leif
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Obstetrics and gynecology. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Centre of Paediatrics and Gynecology and Obstetrics, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics in Linköping.
    Nilsson, Lennart
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Pediatrics. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Centre of Paediatrics and Gynecology and Obstetrics, Department of Paediatrics in Linköping.
    Jenmalm, Maria
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Pediatrics. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    High cord blood levels of the T-helper 2-associated chemokines CCL17 and CCL22 precede allergy development during the first 6 years of life2011In: Pediatric Research, ISSN 0031-3998, E-ISSN 1530-0447, Vol. 70, no 5, p. 495-500Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Exposure to a strong T-helper 2 (Th2)-like environment during fetal development may promote allergy development. Increased cord blood (CB) levels of the Th2-associated chemokine CCL22 were associated with allergy development during the first 2 y of life. The aim of the present study was to determine whether CB Th1- and Th2-associated chemokine levels are associated with allergy development during the first 6 y of life, allowing assessment of respiratory allergic symptoms usually developing in this period. The CB levels of cytokines, chemokines, and total IgE were determined in 56 children of 20 women with allergic symptoms and 36 women without allergic symptoms. Total IgE and allergen-specific IgE antibody levels were quantified at 6, 12, 24 mo, and 6 y of age. Increased CB CCL22 levels were associated with development of allergic sensitization and asthma and increased CCL17 levels with development of allergic symptoms, including asthma. Sensitized children with allergic symptoms showed higher CB CCL17 and CCL22 levels and higher ratios between these Th2-associated chemokines and the Th1-associated chemokine CXCL10 than nonsensitized children without allergic symptoms. A pronounced Th2 deviation at birth, reflected by increased CB CCL17 and CCL22 levels, and increased CCL22/CXCL10 and CCL17/CXCL10 ratios might promote allergy development later in life.

    Download full text (pdf)
    fulltext
  • 274.
    Abelius, Martina S
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of Neuro and Inflammation Science. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences.
    Janefjord, Camilla
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of Cell Biology. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences.
    Ernerudh, Jan
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of Neuro and Inflammation Science. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Region Östergötland, Center for Diagnostics, Department of Clinical Immunology and Transfusion Medicine.
    Berg, Göran
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of Clinical Sciences. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Region Östergötland, Center of Paediatrics and Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics in Linköping.
    Matthiesen, Leif
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of Clinical Sciences. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Region Östergötland, Center of Paediatrics and Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics in Linköping. Helsingborg Hospital, Helsingborg.
    Duchén, Karel
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of Clinical Sciences. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Region Östergötland, Center of Paediatrics and Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Department of Paediatrics in Linköping.
    Nilsson, Lennart J
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of Neuro and Inflammation Science. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Region Östergötland, Heart and Medicine Center, Allergy Center.
    Jenmalm, Maria
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of Neuro and Inflammation Science. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences.
    The Placental Immune Milieu is Characterized by a Th2- and Anti-Inflammatory Transcription Profile, Regardless of Maternal Allergy, and Associates with Neonatal Immunity2015In: American Journal of Reproductive Immunology, ISSN 1046-7408, E-ISSN 1600-0897, Vol. 73, no 5, p. 445-459Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    PROBLEM: How maternal allergy affects the systemic and local immunological environment during pregnancy and the immune development of the offspring is unclear.

    METHOD OF STUDY: Expression of 40 genes was quantified by PCR arrays in placenta, peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC), and cord blood mononuclear cells (CBMC) from 7 allergic and 12 non-allergic women and their offspring.

    RESULTS: Placental gene expression was dominated by a Th2-/anti-inflammatory profile, irrespectively of maternal allergy, as compared to gene expression in PBMC. p35 expression in placenta correlated with fetal Tbx21 (ρ = -0.88, P < 0.001) and IL-5 expression in PBMC with fetal galectin1 (ρ = 0.91, P < 0.001). Increased expression of Th2-associated CCL22 in CBMC preceded allergy development.

    CONCLUSIONS: Gene expression locally and systemically during pregnancy was partly associated with the offspring's gene expression, possibly indicating that the immunological milieu is important for fetal immune development. Maternal allergy was not associated with an enhanced Th2 immunity in placenta or PBMC, while a marked prenatal Th2 skewing, shown as increased CCL22 mRNA expression, might contribute to postnatal allergy development.

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    fulltext
  • 275.
    Abelius, Martina S
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of Inflammation Medicine. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Janefjord, Camilla
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of Cell Biology. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Ernerudh, Jan
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of Inflammation Medicine. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Center for Diagnostics, Department of Clinical Immunology and Transfusion Medicine.
    Berg, Göran
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of Clinical Sciences. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Center of Paediatrics and Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics in Linköping.
    Matthiesen, Leif
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of Clinical Sciences. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Center of Paediatrics and Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics in Linköping.
    Duchén, Karel
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of Clinical Sciences. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Center of Paediatrics and Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics in Linköping.
    Nilsson, Lennart
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of Inflammation Medicine. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Heart and Medicine Center, Allergy Center.
    Jenmalm, Maria
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of Inflammation Medicine. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Gene expression in placenta, peripheral and cord blood mononuclear cells from allergic and non-allergic women2014Manuscript (preprint) (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    Background: The influence of maternal allergy on the development of immune responses and allergy in the offspring is not understood.

    Objective: To investigate (i) if maternal allergy influences the gene expression locally in placenta, systemically in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and fetally in cord blood mononuclear cells (CBMC), (ii) if the gene expression in the placenta and PBMC influences the gene expression in CBMC and (iii) how the gene expression at birth relates to allergy development during  childhood.

    Methods: A real-time PCR array was used to quantify forty immune regulatory genes in placenta, PBMC (gestational week 39) and in CBMC from 7 allergic and 12 non-allergic women and their offspring. Furthermore, quantitative real-time PCR was used to measure mRNA expression of Tbx21, GATA-3, Foxp3, RORC and CCL22 in CBMC, selected based on present PCR array results and previous protein findings in cord blood, in 13 children who developed and 11 children who did not develop allergy during childhood.

    Results: The gene expression profile in the placenta revealed a T-helper (Th) 2-/anti-inflammatory environment as compared with gene expression systemically, in PBMC. Maternal allergy was associated with increased expression of p35 in PBMC and CBMC and p40 in placenta. Placental p35 expression correlated with fetal Tbx21 expression (Rho=-0.88, p<0.001) and maternal IL-5 expression in PBMC with fetal Galectin-1 (Rho=0.91, p<0.001) expression. Allergy development in the children was preceded by high mRNA expression of the Th2-associated chemokine CCL22 at birth.

    Conclusion and clinical relevance: Gene expression locally and systemically during pregnancy influenced the offspring’s gene expression at birth, indicating an interplay between maternal and fetal immunity. Children developing allergy during childhood had an increased expression of the Th2-associated chemokine CCL22 at birth, indicating a Th2 skewing before disease onset. Maternal allergy was not associated with a Th2-dominance in placenta, PBMC or CBMC.

  • 276.
    Abelius, Martina S
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of Inflammation Medicine. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Lempinen, Esma
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of Inflammation Medicine. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Lindblad, Karin
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of Inflammation Medicine. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Ernerudh, Jan
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of Inflammation Medicine. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Center for Diagnostics, Department of Clinical Immunology and Transfusion Medicine.
    Berg, Göran
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of Clinical Sciences. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Center of Paediatrics and Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics in Linköping.
    Matthiesen, Leif
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of Clinical Sciences. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Center of Paediatrics and Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics in Linköping.
    Nilsson, Lennart
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of Inflammation Medicine. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Heart and Medicine Center, Allergy Center.
    Jenmalm, Maria
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of Inflammation Medicine. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Th2-like chemokine levels are increased in allergic children and influenced by maternal immunity during pregnancy2014In: Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, ISSN 0905-6157, E-ISSN 1399-3038, Vol. 25, no 4, p. 387-393Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Background: The influence of the intra-uterine environment on the immunity and allergy development in the offspring is unclear. We aimed to investigate (i) whether the pregnancy magnifies the Th2 immunity in allergic and non-allergic women, (ii) whether the maternal chemokine levels during pregnancy influenced the offspring’s chemokine levels during childhood and (iii) the relationship between circulating Th1/Th2-associated chemokines and allergy in mothers and children.

    Methods: The Th1-associated chemokines CXCL9, CXCL10, CXCL11, and the Th2- associated chemokines CCL17, CCL18 and CCL22 were quantified by Luminex and ELISA in 20 women with and 36 women without allergic symptoms at gestational week (gw) 10–12, 15–16, 25, 35, 39 and 2 and 12 months post-partum and in their children at birth, 6, 12, 24 months and 6 yr of age. Total IgE levels were measured using ImmunoCAP Technology.

    Results: The levels of the Th2-like chemokines were not magnified by pregnancy. Instead decreased levels were shown during pregnancy (irrespectively of maternal allergy status) as compared to post-partum. In the whole group, the Th1-like chemokine levels were higher at gw 39 than during the first and second trimester and post-partum. Maternal CXCL11, CCL18 and CCL22 levels during and after pregnancy correlated with the corresponding chemokines in the offspring during childhood. Increased CCL22 and decreased CXCL10 levels in the children were associated with sensitisation and increased CCL17 levels with allergic symptoms during childhood. Maternal chemokine levels were not associated with maternal allergic disease.

    Conclusions: Allergic symptoms and sensitisation were associated with decreased Th1-and increased Th2-associated chemokine levels during childhood, indicating a Th2 shift in the allergic children, possibly influenced by the maternal immunity during pregnancy.

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    Th2-like chemokine levels are increased in allergic children and influenced by maternal immunity during pregnancy
  • 277.
    Abellán, C.
    et al.
    ICFO - Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain.
    Acín, A.
    ICFO - Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain / ICREA - Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats, Barcelona, Spain.
    Alarcón, A.
    Millennium Institute for Research in Optics, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile; Departamento de Ingeniería Eléctrica, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile.
    Alibart, O.
    Université Côte d’Azur, CNRS UMR 7010, Institut de Physique de Nice (INPHYNI), Nice, France.
    Andersen, C. K.
    Department of Physics, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
    Andreoli, F.
    Dipartimento di Fisica, Sapienza Università di Roma, Rome, Italy.
    Beckert, A.
    Department of Physics, ETH Zurich,, Zurich, Switzerland.
    Beduini, F. A.
    ICFO - Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain.
    Bendersky, A.
    Departamento de Computación, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires; Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Comunicación (ICC), CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
    Bentivegna, M.
    Dipartimento di Fisica, Sapienza Università di Roma, Rome, Italy.
    Bierhorst, P.
    National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA.
    Burchardt, D.
    Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany.
    Cabello, A.
    Departamento de Física Aplicada II, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain.
    Cariñe, J.
    Millennium Institute for Research in Optics, Universidad de Concepción, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile.
    Carrasco, S.
    ICFO - Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain.
    Carvacho, G.
    Dipartimento di Fisica, Sapienza Università di Roma, Rome, Italy.
    Cavalcanti, D.
    Chaves, R.
    Cortés-Vega, J.
    Cuevas, A.
    Delgado, A.
    de Riedmatten, H.
    Eichler, C.
    Farrera, P.
    Fuenzalida, J.
    García-Matos, M.
    Garthoff, R.
    Gasparinetti, S.
    Gerrits, T.
    Ghafari Jouneghani, F.
    Glancy, S.
    Gómez, E. S.
    González, P.
    Guan, J. -Y.
    Handsteiner, J.
    Heinsoo, J.
    Heintze, G.
    Hirschmann, A.
    Jiménez, O.
    Kaiser, F.
    Knill, E.
    Knoll, L. T.
    Krinner, S.
    Kurpiers, P.
    Larotonda, M. A.
    Larsson, Jan-Åke
    Linköping University, Department of Electrical Engineering, Information Coding. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Lenhard, A.
    Li, H.
    Li, M. -H.
    Lima, G.
    Liu, B.
    Liu, Y.
    López Grande, I. H.
    Lunghi, T.
    Ma, X.
    Magaña-Loaiza, O. S.
    Magnard, P.
    Magnoni, A.
    Martí­-Prieto, M.
    Martínez, D.
    Mataloni, P.
    Mattar, A.
    Mazzera, M.
    Mirin, R. P.
    Mitchell, M. W.
    Nam, S.
    Oppliger, M.
    Pan, J. -W.
    Patel, R. B.
    Pryde, G. J.
    Rauch, D.
    Redeker, K.
    Rieländer, D.
    Ringbauer, M.
    Roberson, T.
    Rosenfeld, W.
    Salathé, Y.
    Santodonato, L.
    Sauder, G.
    Scheidl, T.
    Schmiegelow, C. T.
    Sciarrino, F.
    Seri, A.
    Shalm, L. K.
    Shi, S. -C
    Slussarenko, S.
    Stevens, M. J.
    Tanzilli, S.
    Toledo, F.
    Tura, J.
    Ursin, R.
    Vergyris, P.
    Verma, V. B.
    Walter, T.
    Wallraff, A.
    Wang, Z.
    Weinfurter, H.
    Weston, M. M.
    White, A. G.
    Wu, C.
    Xavier, Guilherme B.
    Linköping University, Department of Electrical Engineering, Information Coding. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    You, L.
    Yuan, X.
    Zeilinger, A.
    Zhang, Q.
    Zhang, W.
    Zhong, J.
    Challenging Local Realism with Human Choices2018In: Nature, ISSN 0028-0836, E-ISSN 1476-4687, Vol. 557, p. 212-216Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    A Bell test is a randomized trial that compares experimental observations against the philosophical worldview of local realism , in which the properties of the physical world are independent of our observation of them and no signal travels faster than light. A Bell test requires spatially distributed entanglement, fast and high-efficiency detection and unpredictable measurement settings. Although technology can satisfy the first two of these requirements, the use of physical devices to choose settings in a Bell test involves making assumptions about the physics that one aims to test. Bell himself noted this weakness in using physical setting choices and argued that human 'free will' could be used rigorously to ensure unpredictability in Bell tests. Here we report a set of local-realism tests using human choices, which avoids assumptions about predictability in physics. We recruited about 100,000 human participants to play an online video game that incentivizes fast, sustained input of unpredictable selections and illustrates Bell-test methodology. The participants generated 97,347,490 binary choices, which were directed via a scalable web platform to 12 laboratories on five continents, where 13 experiments tested local realism using photons, single atoms, atomic ensembles and superconducting devices. Over a 12-hour period on 30 November 2016, participants worldwide provided a sustained data flow of over 1,000 bits per second to the experiments, which used different human-generated data to choose each measurement setting. The observed correlations strongly contradict local realism and other realistic positions in bi-partite and tri-partite 12 scenarios. Project outcomes include closing the 'freedom-of-choice loophole' (the possibility that the setting choices are influenced by 'hidden variables' to correlate with the particle properties), the utilization of video-game methods for rapid collection of human-generated randomness, and the use of networking techniques for global participation in experimental science.

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    Challenging local realism with human choices
  • 278.
    Abelow, Alexis
    et al.
    University of Utah, Salt Lake City, USA.
    Persson, Kristin
    Linköping University, Department of Science and Technology. Linköping University, The Institute of Technology.
    Jager, Edwin
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Biosensors and Bioelectronics. Linköping University, The Institute of Technology.
    Berggren, Magnus
    Linköping University, Department of Science and Technology. Linköping University, The Institute of Technology.
    Zharov, Ilya
    University of Utah, Salt Lake City, USA.
    Electroresponsive Nanoporous Membranes by Coating Anodized Alumina with Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophone) and Polypyrrole2014In: Macromolecular materials and engineering, ISSN 1438-7492, E-ISSN 1439-2054, Vol. 299, no 2, p. 190-197Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Electrically-active nanoporous membranes are prepared by coating the surface of anodized alumina with electroactive polymers using vapor phase polymerization with four combinations of conjugated polymers and doping ions: poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophone) and polypyrrole, FeCl3 and FeTs3. The permeability of the polymer-coated membranes is measured as a function of the applied electric potential. A reversible three-fold increase is found in molecular flux of a neutral dye for membranes in oxidized state compared to that in the reduced state. After analyzing various factors that may affect the molecular transport through these membranes, it is concluded that the observed behavior results mostly from swelling/deswelling of the polymers and from the confinement of the polymers inside the nanopores.

  • 279.
    Abels, Esther
    et al.
    PathAI, MA USA.
    Pantanowitz, Liron
    Univ Pittsburgh, PA USA.
    Aeffner, Famke
    Amgen Inc, CA USA.
    Zarella, Mark D.
    Drexel Univ, PA 19104 USA.
    van der Laak, Jeroen
    Linköping University, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Division of Radiological Sciences. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Region Östergötland, Center for Diagnostics, Clinical pathology. Linköping University, Center for Medical Image Science and Visualization (CMIV). Radboud Univ Nijmegen, Netherlands.
    Bui, Marilyn M.
    H Lee Moffitt Canc Ctr and Res Inst, FL USA.
    Vemuri, Venkata N. P.
    Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, CA USA.
    Parwani, Anil V.
    Ohio State Univ, OH 43210 USA.
    Gibbs, Jeff
    Hyman Phelps and McNamara PC, DC USA.
    Agosto-Arroyo, Emmanuel
    H Lee Moffitt Canc Ctr and Res Inst, FL USA.
    Beck, Andrew H.
    PathAI, MA USA.
    Kozlowski, Cleopatra
    Genentech Inc, CA 94080 USA.
    Computational pathology definitions, best practices, and recommendations for regulatory guidance: a white paper from the Digital Pathology Association2019In: Journal of Pathology, ISSN 0022-3417, E-ISSN 1096-9896, Vol. 249, no 3, p. 286-294Article, review/survey (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    In this white paper, experts from the Digital Pathology Association (DPA) define terminology and concepts in the emerging field of computational pathology, with a focus on its application to histology images analyzed together with their associated patient data to extract information. This review offers a historical perspective and describes the potential clinical benefits from research and applications in this field, as well as significant obstacles to adoption. Best practices for implementing computational pathology workflows are presented. These include infrastructure considerations, acquisition of training data, quality assessments, as well as regulatory, ethical, and cyber-security concerns. Recommendations are provided for regulators, vendors, and computational pathology practitioners in order to facilitate progress in the field. (c) 2019 The Authors. The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley amp; Sons Ltd on behalf of Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.

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  • 280.
    Abelsson, J.
    et al.
    NU Hospital Organization, Uddevalla.
    Merup, M.
    Karolinska Universitetssjukhuset, Huddinge.
    Birgegård, G.
    Uppsala University.
    WeisBjerrum, O.
    Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen.
    Brinch, L.
    Rikshospitalet, Oslo University Hospital.
    Brune, M.
    Sahlgrenska Universitetssjukhuset, Göteborg.
    Johansson, P.
    NU Hospital Organization, Uddevalla.
    Kauppila, M.
    Turku University Hospital, Finland.
    Lenhoff, S.
    Skåne University Hospital.
    Liljeholm, M.
    Norrlands Universitetssjukhus, Umeå.
    Malm, Claes
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Oncology. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Centre for Surgery, Orthopaedics and Cancer Treatment, Department of Haematology UHL.
    Remes, K.
    Turku University Hospital, Finland.
    Vindelöv, L.
    Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen.
    Andréasson, Björn
    NU Hospital Organization, Uddevalla.
    The outcome of allo-HSCT for 92 patients with myelofibrosis in the Nordic countries2012In: Bone Marrow Transplantation, ISSN 0268-3369, E-ISSN 1476-5365, Vol. 47, no 3, p. 380-386Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Between 1982 and 2009 a total of 92 patients with myelofibrosis (MF) in chronic phase underwent allo-SCT in nine Nordic transplant centers. Myeloablative conditioning (MAC) was given to 40 patients, and reduced intensity conditioning (RIC) was used in 52 patients. The mean age in the two groups at transplantation was 46±12 and 55±8 years, respectively (P<0.001). When adjustment for age differences was made, the survival of the patients treated with RIC was significantly better (P=0.003). Among the RIC patients, the survival was significantly (P=0.003) better for the patients with age <60 years (a 10-year survival close to 80%) than for the older patients. The type of stem cell donor did not significantly affect the survival. No significant difference was found in TRM at 100 days between the MAC- and the RIC-treated patients. The probability of survival at 5 years was 49% for the MAC-treated patients and 59% in the RIC group (P=0.125). Patients treated with RIC experienced significantly less aGVHD compared with patients treated with MAC (P<0.001). The OS at 5 years was 70, 59 and 41% for patients with Lille score 0, 1 and 2, respectively (P=0.038, when age adjustment was made). Twenty-one percent of the patients in the RIC group were given donor lymphocyte infusion because of incomplete donor chimerism, compared with none of the MAC-treated patients (P<0.002). Nine percent of the patients needed a second transplant because of graft failure, progressive disease or transformation to AML, with no significant difference between the groups. Our conclusions are (1) allo-SCT performed with RIC gives a better survival compared with MAC. (2) age over 60 years is strongly related to a worse outcome and (3) patients with higher Lille score had a shorter survival.Bone Marrow Transplantation advance online publication, 9 May 2011; doi:10.1038/bmt.2011.91.

  • 281.
    Aberg, D
    et al.
    Royal Inst Technol, SE-16440 Kista, Sweden Linkoping Univ, Dept Phys & Measurement Technol, SE-58183 Linkoping, Sweden.
    Storasta, Liutauras
    Linköping University, The Institute of Technology. Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Semiconductor Materials.
    Hallen, A
    Royal Inst Technol, SE-16440 Kista, Sweden Linkoping Univ, Dept Phys & Measurement Technol, SE-58183 Linkoping, Sweden.
    Svensson, BG
    Implantation temperature dependent deep level defects in 4H-SiC2001In: Materials Science Forum, Vols. 353-356, 2001, Vol. 353-3, p. 443-446Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Deep level transient spectroscopy spectra of the near Z-defect region (150-350K) were investigated for B implanted samples of low doses (10(8)-10(9) cm(-2)). For 300 degreesC implantation, a level at an energy of 0.41 eV below the conduction hand edge was found, referred to as the S-level. The S-center was shown to form in both implanted and electron irradiated 4H-SiC, either after room temperature (R.T.) implantation followed by mild heat treatments or lung R.T. storage (several months) or after 200-300 degreesC implantations/irradiations. The S-center was found to anneal out at temperatures above 250 degreesC.

  • 282.
    Aberg, Fredrik
    et al.
    Univ Helsinki, Finland; Sahlgrens Univ Hosp, Sweden.
    Danford, Christopher J.
    Beth Israel Deaconess Med Ctr, MA 02215 USA.
    Thiele, Maja
    Odense Univ Hosp, Denmark; Univ Southern Denmark, Denmark.
    Talback, Mats
    Karolinska Inst, Sweden.
    Rasmussen, Ditlev Nytoft
    Odense Univ Hosp, Denmark.
    Jiang, Z. Gordon
    Beth Israel Deaconess Med Ctr, MA 02215 USA.
    Hammar, Niklas
    Karolinska Inst, Sweden.
    Nasr, Patrik
    Linköping University, Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Division of Diagnostics and Specialist Medicine. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Region Östergötland, Center for Surgery, Orthopaedics and Cancer Treatment, Mag- tarmmedicinska kliniken.
    Ekstedt, Mattias
    Linköping University, Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Division of Diagnostics and Specialist Medicine. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Region Östergötland, Center for Surgery, Orthopaedics and Cancer Treatment, Mag- tarmmedicinska kliniken.
    But, Anna
    Univ Helsinki, Finland; Helsinki Univ Hosp, Finland.
    Puukka, Pauli
    Univ Helsinki, Finland.
    Krag, Aleksander
    Odense Univ Hosp, Denmark; Univ Southern Denmark, Denmark.
    Sundvall, Jouko
    Finnish Inst Hlth & Welf, Finland.
    Erlund, Iris
    Finnish Inst Hlth & Welf, Finland.
    Salomaa, Veikko
    Finnish Inst Hlth & Welf, Finland.
    Stal, Per
    Karolinska Univ Hosp, Sweden; Karolinska Inst, Sweden.
    Kechagias, Stergios
    Linköping University, Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Division of Diagnostics and Specialist Medicine. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Region Östergötland, Center for Surgery, Orthopaedics and Cancer Treatment, Mag- tarmmedicinska kliniken.
    Hultcrantz, Rolf
    Karolinska Inst, Sweden.
    Lai, Michelle
    Beth Israel Deaconess Med Ctr, MA 02215 USA.
    Afdhal, Nezam
    Beth Israel Deaconess Med Ctr, MA 02215 USA.
    Jula, Antti
    Finnish Inst Hlth & Welf, Finland.
    Mannisto, Satu
    Finnish Inst Hlth & Welf, Finland.
    Lundqvist, Annamari
    Finnish Inst Hlth & Welf, Finland.
    Perola, Markus
    Finnish Inst Hlth & Welf, Finland.
    Farkkila, Martti
    Univ Helsinki, Finland.
    Hagstrom, Hannes
    Karolinska Univ Hosp, Sweden; Karolinska Inst, Sweden.
    A Dynamic Aspartate-to-Alanine Aminotransferase Ratio Provides Valid Predictions of Incident Severe Liver Disease2021In: HEPATOLOGY COMMUNICATIONS, ISSN 2471-254X, Vol. 5, no 6, p. 1021-1035Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The aspartate-to-alanine aminotransferase ratio (AAR) is associated with liver fibrosis, but its predictive performance is suboptimal. We hypothesized that the association between AAR and liver disease depends on absolute transaminase levels and developed and validated a model to predict liver-related outcomes in the general population. A Cox regression model based on age, AAR, and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) level (dynamic AAR [dAAR]) using restricted cubic splines was developed in Finnish population-based health-examination surveys (FINRISK, 2002-2012; n = 18,067) with linked registry data for incident liver-related hospitalizations, hepatocellular carcinoma, or liver death. The model was externally validated for liver-related outcomes in a Swedish population cohort (Swedish Apolipoprotein Mortality Risk [AMORIS] subcohort; n = 126,941) and for predicting outcomes and/or prevalent fibrosis/cirrhosis in biopsied patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), chronic hepatitis C, or alcohol-related liver disease (ALD). The dynamic AAR model predicted liver-related outcomes both overall (optimism-corrected C-statistic, 0.81) and in subgroup analyses of the FINRISK cohort and identified persons with &gt;10% risk for liver-related outcomes within 10 years. In independent cohorts, the C-statistic for predicting liver-related outcomes up to a 10-year follow-up was 0.72 in the AMORIS cohort, 0.81 in NAFLD, and 0.75 in ALD. Area-under-the-curve (AUC) for detecting prevalent cirrhosis was 0.80-0.83 in NAFLD, 0.80 in hepatitis C, but only 0.71 in ALD. In ALD, model performance improved when using aspartate aminotransferase instead of ALT in the model (C-statistic, 0.84 for outcome; AUC, 0.82 for prevalent cirrhosis). Conclusion: A dAAR score provides prospective predictions for the risk of incident severe liver outcomes in the general population and helps detect advanced liver fibrosis/cirrhosis. The dAAR score could potentially be used for screening the unselected general population and as a trigger for further liver evaluations.

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  • 283.
    Aberger, Martin
    Linköping University, Department of Electrical Engineering, Automatic Control. Linköping University, The Institute of Technology.
    Effects of Nonlinearities in Black Box Identification of an Industrial Robot2000Report (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    This paper discusses effects of nonlinearities in black box identification of one axis of a robot. The used data come from a commercial ABB robot, IRB1400. A three-mass flexible model for the robot was built in MathModelica. The nonlinearities in the model are nonlinear friction and backlash in the gear box.

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    FULLTEXT01
  • 284.
    Abeysekera, Ramanika
    Linköping University, Department of Computer and Information Science.
    Effects of system integration in an organization: A case study carried out in the photo and home electronics branch2005Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Organizations often have information systems belonging to different computer generations. These systems contain much valuable data to the organizations concerned. However, these systems are often unable to communicate with each other, due to incompatibilities. Moreover, replacing these systems with new systems is also very costly. Therefore the latest trend is integrating the existing systems with each other with the help of different system integration technologies. When the systems are integrated with new technology they bring about various effects to the organizations in concern.

    The purpose of this thesis is to find out how system integration affects an organization in the photo and home electronics branch, namely Expert. The questions that will be raised in this thesis are how does system integration affect the organization’s work processes and how does system integration affect the organisation’s employees. I have studied how system integration has affected the work processes and employees of the retail stores. In order to find answers to these questions three qualitative interviews were carried out. One interview took place in the central organization and the rest in retail stores in Linköping.

    There are many reasons, which led Expert towards using system integration. Some of the main reasons are increased profitability and decreased costs for maintenance and upgrading of different systems. Further, the retail stores required better information channelling and streamlining of work processes in order to provide salesmen at retail stores possibility to concentrate more on customers by minimising administrative work.

    I have found that system integration has affected the organization’s work processes and its employees both positively and negatively, in other words system integration has helped Expert to decrease administration work, provided salesmen at retail stores more time to deliver better service to customers, has automated key work processes saving time and reducing redundancy of work. Even if, the organization is quite satisfied with the benefits the existing system integration technologies have rendered to them, there are many more privileges, which can be achieved.

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  • 285.
    Abgrall, Remi
    et al.
    Institute of Mathematics, University of Zurich, Switzerland.
    Nordström, Jan
    Linköping University, Department of Mathematics, Computational Mathematics. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering. Department of Mathematics and Applied Mathematics, University of Johannesburg, South Africa.
    Öffner, Philipp
    Institute of Mathematics, University of Zurich, Switzerland. Institute of Mathematics, Johannes Gutenberg-Universtiy, Germany.
    Tokareva, Svetlana
    Theoretical Division, Applied Mathematics and Plasma Physics Group (T-5), Los Alamos National Laboratory, USA.
    Analysis of the SBP-SAT Stabilization for Finite Element Methods Part I: Linear Problems2020In: Journal of Scientific Computing, ISSN 0885-7474, E-ISSN 1573-7691, Vol. 85, no 2, article id 43Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    In the hyperbolic community, discontinuous Galerkin (DG) approaches are mainly applied when finite element methods are considered. As the name suggested, the DG framework allows a discontinuity at the element interfaces, which seems for many researchers a favorable property in case of hyperbolic balance laws. On the contrary, continuous Galerkin methods appear to be unsuitable for hyperbolic problems and there exists still the perception that continuous Galerkin methods are notoriously unstable. To remedy this issue, stabilization terms are usually added and various formulations can be found in the literature. However, this perception is not true and the stabilization terms are unnecessary, in general. In this paper, we deal with this problem, but present a different approach. We use the boundary conditions to stabilize the scheme following a procedure that are frequently used in the finite difference community. Here, the main idea is to impose the boundary conditions weakly and specific boundary operators are constructed such that they guarantee stability. This approach has already been used in the discontinuous Galerkin framework, but here we apply it with a continuous Galerkin scheme. No internal dissipation is needed even if unstructured grids are used. Further, we point out that we do not need exact integration, it suffices if the quadrature rule and the norm in the differential operator are the same, such that the summation-by-parts property is fulfilled meaning that a discrete Gauss Theorem is valid. This contradicts the perception in the hyperbolic community that stability issues for pure Galerkin scheme exist. In numerical simulations, we verify our theoretical analysis.

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  • 286.
    Abgrall, Remi
    et al.
    University of Zurich, Switzerland.
    Nordström, Jan
    Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering. Linköping University, Department of Mathematics, Applied Mathematics. University of Johannesburg, South Africa.
    Öffner, Philipp
    University of Zurich, Switzerland.
    Tokareva, Svetlana
    Los Alamos National Laboratory, USA.
    Analysis of the SBP-SAT Stabilization for Finite Element Methods Part II: Entropy Stability2023In: Communications on Applied Mathematics and Computation, ISSN 2096-6385, Vol. 5, no 2, p. 573-595Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    In the hyperbolic research community, there exists the strong belief that a continuous Galerkin scheme is notoriously unstable and additional stabilization terms have to be added to guarantee stability. In the first part of the series [6], the application of simultaneous approximation terms for linear problems is investigated where the boundary conditions are imposed weakly. By applying this technique, the authors demonstrate that a pure continuous Galerkin scheme is indeed linearly stable if the boundary conditions are imposed in the correct way. In this work, we extend this investigation to the nonlinear case and focus on entropy conservation. By switching to entropy variables, we provide an estimation of the boundary operators also for nonlinear problems, that guarantee conservation. In numerical simulations, we verify our theoretical analysis.

    The full text will be freely available from 2024-06-01 08:35
  • 287.
    Abidi, L.
    et al.
    Maastricht University, Netherlands.
    Oenema, A.
    Maastricht University, Netherlands.
    Nilsen, Per
    Linköping University, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Division of Community Medicine. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences.
    Anderson, P.
    Maastricht University, Netherlands; Newcastle University, England.
    van de Mheen, D.
    Maastricht University, Netherlands; IVO Addict Research Institute, Netherlands; Erasmus MC, Netherlands.
    Strategies to Overcome Barriers to Implementation of Alcohol Screening and Brief Intervention in General Practice: a Delphi Study Among Healthcare Professionals and Addiction Prevention Experts2016In: Prevention Science, ISSN 1389-4986, E-ISSN 1573-6695, Vol. 17, no 6, p. 689-699Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Despite the evidence base, alcohol screening and brief intervention (ASBI) have rarely been integrated into routine clinical practice. The aim of this study is to identify strategies that could tackle barriers to ASBI implementation in general practice by involving primary healthcare professionals and addiction prevention experts. A three-round online Delphi study was carried out in the Netherlands. The first-round questionnaire consisted of open-ended questions to generate ideas about strategies to overcome barriers. In the second round, participants were asked to indicate how applicable they found each strategy. Items without consensus were systematically fed back with group median ratings and interquartile range (IQR) scores in the third-round questionnaire. In total, 39 out of 69 (57 %) invited participants enrolled in the first round, 214 participants completed the second round, and 144 of these (67 %) completed the third-round questionnaire. Results show that participants reached consensus on 59 of 81 strategies, such as the following: (1) use of E-learning technology, (2) symptom-specific screening by general practitioners (GPs) and/or universal screening by practice nurses, (3) reimbursement incentives, (4) supportive materials, (5) clear guidelines, (6) service provision of addiction care centers, and (7) more publicity in the media. This exploratory study identified a broad set of strategies that could potentially be used for overcoming barriers to ASBI implementation in general practice and paves the way for future research to experimentally test the identified implementation strategies using multifaceted approaches.

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  • 288.
    Abidi, Latifa
    et al.
    Maastricht Univ, Netherlands.
    Nilsen, Per
    Linköping University, Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Division of Society and Health. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences.
    Karlsson, Nadine
    Linköping University, Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Division of Society and Health. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences.
    Skagerström, Janna
    Linköping University, Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Division of Society and Health. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Region Östergötland, Regionledningskontoret, Forskningsstrategiska enheten.
    ODonnell, Amy
    Newcastle Univ, England.
    Conversations about alcohol in healthcare: cross-sectional surveys in the Netherlands and Sweden2020In: BMC Public Health, E-ISSN 1471-2458, BMC PUBLIC HEALTH, Vol. 20, no 1Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Background

    This study evaluated and compared the extent, duration, contents, experiences and effects of alcohol conversations in healthcare in the Netherlands and Sweden in 2017.

    Methods

    Survey data in the Netherlands and Sweden were collected through an online web panel. Subjects were 2996 participants (response rate: 50.8%) in Sweden and 2173 (response rate: 82.2%) in the Netherlands. Data was collected on socio-demographics, alcohol consumption, healthcare visits in the past 12 months, number of alcohol conversations, and characteristics of alcohol conversations (duration, contents, experience, effects).

    Results

    Results showed that Swedish respondents were more likely to have had alcohol conversations (OR = 1.99; 95%CI = 1.64–2.41; p = < 0.001) compared to Dutch respondents. In Sweden, alcohol conversations were more often perceived as routine (p = < 0.001), were longer (p = < 0.001), and more often contained verbal information about alcohol’s health effects (p = 0.007) or written information (p = 0.001) than in the Netherlands. In Sweden, 40+ year-olds were less likely to report a positive effect compared to the youngest respondents. In the Netherlands, men, sick-listed respondents, and risky drinkers, and in Sweden those that reported “other” occupational status such as parental leave, were more likely to have had alcohol conversations.

    Conclusions

    The results suggest that alcohol conversations are more common in healthcare practice in Sweden than in the Netherlands. However, positive effects of alcohol conversations were less likely to be reported among older respondents in Sweden. Our results indicate that alcohol preventative work should be improved in both countries, with more focus on risky drinkers and the content of the conversations in Sweden, and expanding alcohol screening in the Netherlands.

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  • 289. Order onlineBuy this publication >>
    Abidin, Aysajan
    Linköping University, Department of Electrical Engineering, Information Coding. Linköping University, The Institute of Technology.
    Authentication in Quantum Key Distribution: Security Proof and Universal Hash Functions2013Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) is a secret key agreement technique that consists of two parts: quantum transmission and measurement on a quantum channel, and classical post-processing on a public communication channel. It enjoys provable unconditional security provided that the public communication channel is immutable. Otherwise, QKD is vulnerable to a man-in-the-middle attack. Immutable public communication channels, however, do not exist in practice. So we need to use authentication that implements the properties of an immutable channel as well as possible. One scheme that serves this purpose well is the Wegman-Carter authentication (WCA), which is built upon Almost Strongly Universal2 (ASU2) hashing. This scheme uses a new key in each authentication attempt to select a hash function from an ASU2 family, which is then used to generate the authentication tag for a message.

    The main focus of this dissertation is on authentication in the context of QKD. We study ASU2 hash functions, security of QKD that employs a computationally secure authentication, and also security of authentication with a partially known key. Specifically, we study the following.

    First, Universal hash functions and their constructions are reviewed, and as well as a new construction of ASU2 hash functions is presented. Second, security of QKD that employs a specific computationally secure authentication is studied. We present detailed attacks on various practical implementations of QKD that employs this authentication. We also provide countermeasures and prove necessary and sufficient conditions for upgrading the security of the authentication to the level of unconditional security. Third, Universal hash function based multiple authentication is studied. This uses a fixed ASU2 hash function followed by one-time pad encryption, to keep the hash function secret. We show that the one-time pad is necessary in every round for the authentication to be unconditionally secure. Lastly, we study security of the WCA scheme, in the case of a partially known authentication key. Here we prove tight information-theoretic security bounds and also analyse security using witness indistinguishability as used in the Universal Composability framework.

    List of papers
    1. New Universal Hash Functions
    Open this publication in new window or tab >>New Universal Hash Functions
    2012 (English)In: Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Vol. 7242 / [ed] Frederik Armknecht and Stefan Lucks, Springer Berlin Heidelberg , 2012, p. 99-108Conference paper, Published paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Universal hash functions are important building blocks for unconditionally secure message authentication codes. In this paper, we present a new construction of a class of Almost Strongly Universal hash functions with much smaller description (or key) length than the Wegman-Carter construction. Unlike some other constructions, our new construction has a very short key length and a security parameter that is independent of the message length, which makes it suitable for authentication in practical applications such as Quantum Cryptography.

    Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
    Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012
    Series
    Lecture Notes in Computer Science, ISSN 0302-9743, E-ISSN 1611-3349 ; 7242
    National Category
    Other Electrical Engineering, Electronic Engineering, Information Engineering
    Identifiers
    urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-84711 (URN)10.1007/978-3-642-34159-5_7 (DOI)978-3-642-34158-8 (ISBN)978-3-642-34159-5 (ISBN)
    Conference
    4th Western European Workshop on Research in Cryptology, WEWoRC 2011, Weimar, Germany, July 20-22, 2011
    Projects
    ICG QC
    Available from: 2012-10-18 Created: 2012-10-17 Last updated: 2018-01-31
    2. Vulnerability of "A Novel Protocol-Authentication Algorithm Ruling out a Man-in-the-Middle Attack in Quantum Cryptography"
    Open this publication in new window or tab >>Vulnerability of "A Novel Protocol-Authentication Algorithm Ruling out a Man-in-the-Middle Attack in Quantum Cryptography"
    2009 (English)In: International Journal of Quantum Information, ISSN 0219-7499, Vol. 7, no 5, p. 1047-1052Article in journal (Refereed) Published
    Abstract [en]

    In this paper, we review and comment on "A novel protocol-authentication algorithm ruling out a man-in-the-middle attack in quantum cryptography" [M. Peev et al., Int. J. Quant. Inf. 3 (2005) 225]. In particular, we point out that the proposed primitive is not secure when used in a generic protocol, and needs additional authenticating properties of the surrounding quantum-cryptographic protocol.

    Keywords
    Quantum cryptography, quantum key distribution, authentication
    National Category
    Natural Sciences
    Identifiers
    urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-20405 (URN)10.1142/S0219749909005754 (DOI)
    Projects
    ICG QC
    Available from: 2009-09-08 Created: 2009-09-07 Last updated: 2019-08-15Bibliographically approved
    3. Attacks on quantum key distribution protocols that employ non-ITS authentication
    Open this publication in new window or tab >>Attacks on quantum key distribution protocols that employ non-ITS authentication
    Show others...
    2016 (English)In: Quantum Information Processing, ISSN 1570-0755, E-ISSN 1573-1332, Vol. 15, no 1, p. 327-362Article in journal (Refereed) Published
    Abstract [en]

    We demonstrate how adversaries with unbounded computing resources can break Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) protocols which employ a particular message authentication code suggested previously. This authentication code, featuring low key consumption, is not Information-Theoretically Secure (ITS) since for each message the eavesdropper has intercepted she is able to send a different message from a set of messages that she can calculate by finding collisions of a cryptographic hash function. However, when this authentication code was introduced it was shown to prevent straightforward Man-In-The-Middle (MITM) attacks against QKD protocols.

    In this paper, we prove that the set of messages that collide with any given message under this authentication code contains with high probability a message that has small Hamming distance to any other given message. Based on this fact we present extended MITM attacks against different versions of BB84 QKD protocols using the addressed authentication code; for three protocols we describe every single action taken by the adversary. For all protocols the adversary can obtain complete knowledge of the key, and for most protocols her success probability in doing so approaches unity.

    Since the attacks work against all authentication methods which allow to calculate colliding messages, the underlying building blocks of the presented attacks expose the potential pitfalls arising as a consequence of non-ITS authentication in QKDpostprocessing. We propose countermeasures, increasing the eavesdroppers demand for computational power, and also prove necessary and sufficient conditions for upgrading the discussed authentication code to the ITS level.

    Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
    Springer Publishing Company, 2016
    National Category
    Engineering and Technology
    Identifiers
    urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-91260 (URN)10.1007/s11128-015-1160-4 (DOI)000372876800020 ()
    Projects
    ICG QC
    Note

    Vid tiden för disputation förelåg publikationen som manuskript

    Funding agencies: Vienna Science and Technology Fund (WWTF) [ICT10-067]; Austrian Research Promotion Agency (FFG) [Bridge-2364544]

    Available from: 2013-04-18 Created: 2013-04-18 Last updated: 2019-08-15Bibliographically approved
    4. On Security of Universal Hash Function Based Multiple Authentication
    Open this publication in new window or tab >>On Security of Universal Hash Function Based Multiple Authentication
    2012 (English)In: Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Vol. 7618 / [ed] Chim, Tat Wing and Yuen, Tsz Hon, 2012, p. 303-310Conference paper, Published paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Universal hash function based multiple authentication was originally proposed by Wegman and Carter in 1981. In this authentication, a series of messages are authenticated by first hashing each message by a fixed (almost) strongly universal$_2$ hash function and then encrypting the hash value with a preshared one-time pad. This authentication is unconditionally secure. In this paper, we show that the unconditional security cannot be guaranteed if the hash function output for the first message is not encrypted, as remarked in [Atici and Stinson, CRYPTO '96. LNCS, vol. 1109]. This means that it is not only sufficient, but also necessary, to encrypt the hash of every message to be authenticated in order to have unconditional security. The security loss is demonstrated by a simple existential forgery attack.

    Series
    Lecture Notes in Computer Science, ISSN 0302-9743, E-ISSN 1611-3349 ; 7618
    National Category
    Engineering and Technology
    Identifiers
    urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-84732 (URN)10.1007/978-3-642-34129-8_27 (DOI)978-3-642-34128-1 (ISBN)978-3-642-34129-8 (ISBN)
    Conference
    14th International Conference on Information and Communications Security, ICICS 2012, Hong Kong, China, October 29-31, 2012
    Projects
    ICG QC
    Available from: 2012-10-18 Created: 2012-10-18 Last updated: 2018-02-12
    5. Direct proof of security of Wegman-Carter authentication with partially known key
    Open this publication in new window or tab >>Direct proof of security of Wegman-Carter authentication with partially known key
    2014 (English)In: Quantum Information Processing, ISSN 1570-0755, E-ISSN 1573-1332, Vol. 13, no 10, p. 2155-2170Article in journal (Refereed) Published
    Abstract [en]

    Information-theoretically secure (ITS) authentication is needed in Quantum Key Distribution (QKD). In this paper, we study security of an ITS authentication scheme proposed by Wegman& Carter, in the case of partially known authentication key. This scheme uses a new authentication key in each authentication attempt, to select a hash function from an Almost Strongly Universal2 hash function family. The partial knowledge of the attacker is measured as the trace distance between the authentication key distribution and the uniform distribution; this is the usual measure in QKD. We provide direct proofs of security of the scheme, when using partially known key, first in the information-theoretic setting and then in terms of witness indistinguishability as used in the Universal Composability (UC) framework. We find that if the authentication procedure has a failure probability ε and the authentication key has an ε´ trace distance to the uniform, then under ITS, the adversary’s success probability conditioned on an authentic message-tag pair is only bounded by ε +|Ƭ|ε´, where |Ƭ| is the size of the set of tags. Furthermore, the trace distance between the authentication key distribution and the uniform increases to |Ƭ|ε´ after having seen an authentic message-tag pair. Despite this, we are able to prove directly that the authenticated channel is indistinguishable from an (ideal) authentic channel (the desired functionality), except with probability less than ε + ε´. This proves that the scheme is (ε + ε´)-UC-secure, without using the composability theorem.

    Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
    Springer, 2014
    Keywords
    Authentication, Strongly Universal hash functions, Partially known key, Trace distance, Universal Composability, Quantum Key Distribution.
    National Category
    Electrical Engineering, Electronic Engineering, Information Engineering
    Identifiers
    urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-91264 (URN)10.1007/s11128-013-0641-6 (DOI)000341842000002 ()
    Projects
    ICG QC
    Available from: 2013-04-18 Created: 2013-04-18 Last updated: 2017-12-06Bibliographically approved
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    Authentication in Quantum Key Distribution: Security Proof and Universal Hash Functions
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    omslag
  • 290.
    Abidin, Aysajan
    Linköping University, Department of Electrical Engineering, Information Coding.
    On Security of Universal Hash Function Based Multiple Authentication2012In: Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Vol. 7618 / [ed] Chim, Tat Wing and Yuen, Tsz Hon, 2012, p. 303-310Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Universal hash function based multiple authentication was originally proposed by Wegman and Carter in 1981. In this authentication, a series of messages are authenticated by first hashing each message by a fixed (almost) strongly universal$_2$ hash function and then encrypting the hash value with a preshared one-time pad. This authentication is unconditionally secure. In this paper, we show that the unconditional security cannot be guaranteed if the hash function output for the first message is not encrypted, as remarked in [Atici and Stinson, CRYPTO '96. LNCS, vol. 1109]. This means that it is not only sufficient, but also necessary, to encrypt the hash of every message to be authenticated in order to have unconditional security. The security loss is demonstrated by a simple existential forgery attack.

  • 291. Order onlineBuy this publication >>
    Abidin, Aysajan
    Linköping University, Department of Mathematics, Applied Mathematics. Linköping University, The Institute of Technology.
    Weaknesses of Authentication in Quantum Cryptography and Strongly Universal Hash Functions2010Licentiate thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    Authentication is an indispensable part of Quantum Cryptography, which is an unconditionally secure key distribution technique based on the laws of nature. Without proper authentication, Quantum Cryptography is vulnerable to “man-in-the-middle” attacks. Therefore, to guarantee unconditional security of any Quantum Cryptographic protocols, the authentication used must also be unconditionally secure. The standard in Quantum Cryptography is to use theWegman-Carter authentication, which is unconditionally secure and is based on the idea of universal hashing.

    In this thesis, we first investigate properties of a Strongly Universal hash function family to facilitate understanding the properties of (classical) authentication used in Quantum Cryptography. Then, we study vulnerabilities of a recently proposed authentication protocol intended to rule out a "man-in-the-middle" attack on Quantum Cryptography. Here, we point out that the proposed authentication primitive is not secure when used in a generic Quantum Cryptographic protocol. Lastly, we estimate the lifetime of authentication using encrypted tags when the encryption key is partially known. Under simplifying assumptions, we derive that the lifetime is linearly dependent on the length of the authentication key. Experimental results that support the theoretical results are also presented.

    List of papers
    1. Special Properties of Strongly Universal2 Hash Functions Important in Quantum Cryptography
    Open this publication in new window or tab >>Special Properties of Strongly Universal2 Hash Functions Important in Quantum Cryptography
    2009 (English)In: AIP Conference Proceedings, ISSN 0094-243X, Foundations of Probability and Physics—5, Växjö, augusti 2008, New York: American Institute of Physics , 2009, Vol. 1101, p. 289-293Conference paper, Published paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Secure message authentication is an important part of Quantum Key Distribution. In this paper we analyze special properties of a Strongly Universal2 hash function family, an understanding of which is important in the security analysis of the authentication used in Quantum Cryptography. We answer the following question: How much of Alices message does Eve need to influence so that the message along with its tag will give her enough information to create the correct tag for her message?

    Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
    New York: American Institute of Physics, 2009
    Keywords
    Quantum cryptography, Quantum theory, Probability
    National Category
    Mathematics
    Identifiers
    urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-18738 (URN)10.1063/1.3109951 (DOI)
    Conference
    Foundations of Probability and Physics—5, Växjö, augusti 2008
    Projects
    ICG QC
    Available from: 2009-06-03 Created: 2009-06-03 Last updated: 2016-08-31
    2. Vulnerability of "A Novel Protocol-Authentication Algorithm Ruling out a Man-in-the-Middle Attack in Quantum Cryptography"
    Open this publication in new window or tab >>Vulnerability of "A Novel Protocol-Authentication Algorithm Ruling out a Man-in-the-Middle Attack in Quantum Cryptography"
    2009 (English)In: International Journal of Quantum Information, ISSN 0219-7499, Vol. 7, no 5, p. 1047-1052Article in journal (Refereed) Published
    Abstract [en]

    In this paper, we review and comment on "A novel protocol-authentication algorithm ruling out a man-in-the-middle attack in quantum cryptography" [M. Peev et al., Int. J. Quant. Inf. 3 (2005) 225]. In particular, we point out that the proposed primitive is not secure when used in a generic protocol, and needs additional authenticating properties of the surrounding quantum-cryptographic protocol.

    Keywords
    Quantum cryptography, quantum key distribution, authentication
    National Category
    Natural Sciences
    Identifiers
    urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-20405 (URN)10.1142/S0219749909005754 (DOI)
    Projects
    ICG QC
    Available from: 2009-09-08 Created: 2009-09-07 Last updated: 2019-08-15Bibliographically approved
    Download full text (pdf)
    Weaknesses of Authentication inQuantum Cryptography and Strongly Universal Hash Functions
    Download (pdf)
    Cover
  • 292.
    Abidin, Aysajan
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Electrical Engineering, Information Coding. Linköping University, The Institute of Technology.
    Larsson, Jan-Åke
    Linköping University, Department of Electrical Engineering, Information Coding. Linköping University, The Institute of Technology.
    Direct proof of security of Wegman-Carter authentication with partially known key2014In: Quantum Information Processing, ISSN 1570-0755, E-ISSN 1573-1332, Vol. 13, no 10, p. 2155-2170Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Information-theoretically secure (ITS) authentication is needed in Quantum Key Distribution (QKD). In this paper, we study security of an ITS authentication scheme proposed by Wegman& Carter, in the case of partially known authentication key. This scheme uses a new authentication key in each authentication attempt, to select a hash function from an Almost Strongly Universal2 hash function family. The partial knowledge of the attacker is measured as the trace distance between the authentication key distribution and the uniform distribution; this is the usual measure in QKD. We provide direct proofs of security of the scheme, when using partially known key, first in the information-theoretic setting and then in terms of witness indistinguishability as used in the Universal Composability (UC) framework. We find that if the authentication procedure has a failure probability ε and the authentication key has an ε´ trace distance to the uniform, then under ITS, the adversary’s success probability conditioned on an authentic message-tag pair is only bounded by ε +|Ƭ|ε´, where |Ƭ| is the size of the set of tags. Furthermore, the trace distance between the authentication key distribution and the uniform increases to |Ƭ|ε´ after having seen an authentic message-tag pair. Despite this, we are able to prove directly that the authenticated channel is indistinguishable from an (ideal) authentic channel (the desired functionality), except with probability less than ε + ε´. This proves that the scheme is (ε + ε´)-UC-secure, without using the composability theorem.

    Download full text (pdf)
    fulltext
  • 293.
    Abidin, Aysajan
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Electrical Engineering, Information Coding.
    Larsson, Jan-Åke
    Linköping University, Department of Electrical Engineering, Information Coding.
    New Universal Hash Functions2012In: Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Vol. 7242 / [ed] Frederik Armknecht and Stefan Lucks, Springer Berlin Heidelberg , 2012, p. 99-108Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Universal hash functions are important building blocks for unconditionally secure message authentication codes. In this paper, we present a new construction of a class of Almost Strongly Universal hash functions with much smaller description (or key) length than the Wegman-Carter construction. Unlike some other constructions, our new construction has a very short key length and a security parameter that is independent of the message length, which makes it suitable for authentication in practical applications such as Quantum Cryptography.

  • 294.
    Abidin, Aysajan
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Mathematics, Applied Mathematics. Linköping University, The Institute of Technology.
    Larsson, Jan-Åke
    Linköping University, Department of Mathematics, Applied Mathematics. Linköping University, The Institute of Technology.
    Special Properties of Strongly Universal2 Hash Functions Important in Quantum Cryptography2009In: AIP Conference Proceedings, ISSN 0094-243X, Foundations of Probability and Physics—5, Växjö, augusti 2008, New York: American Institute of Physics , 2009, Vol. 1101, p. 289-293Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Secure message authentication is an important part of Quantum Key Distribution. In this paper we analyze special properties of a Strongly Universal2 hash function family, an understanding of which is important in the security analysis of the authentication used in Quantum Cryptography. We answer the following question: How much of Alices message does Eve need to influence so that the message along with its tag will give her enough information to create the correct tag for her message?

  • 295.
    Abidin, Aysajan
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Mathematics, Applied Mathematics. Linköping University, The Institute of Technology.
    Larsson, Jan-Åke
    Linköping University, Department of Mathematics, Applied Mathematics. Linköping University, The Institute of Technology.
    Vulnerability of "A Novel Protocol-Authentication Algorithm Ruling out a Man-in-the-Middle Attack in Quantum Cryptography"2009In: International Journal of Quantum Information, ISSN 0219-7499, Vol. 7, no 5, p. 1047-1052Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    In this paper, we review and comment on "A novel protocol-authentication algorithm ruling out a man-in-the-middle attack in quantum cryptography" [M. Peev et al., Int. J. Quant. Inf. 3 (2005) 225]. In particular, we point out that the proposed primitive is not secure when used in a generic protocol, and needs additional authenticating properties of the surrounding quantum-cryptographic protocol.

    Download full text (pdf)
    Vulnerability of "A Novel Protocol-Authentication Algorithm Ruling out a Man-in-the-Middle Attack in Quantum Cryptography"
  • 296.
    Abidin, Aysajan
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Electrical Engineering, Information Coding. Linköping University, The Institute of Technology.
    Pacher, Christoph
    Austrian Institute of Technology, Austria.
    Lorünser, Thomas
    Austrian Institute of Technology, Austria.
    Larsson, Jan-Åke
    Linköping University, Department of Electrical Engineering, Information Coding. Linköping University, The Institute of Technology.
    Peev, Momtchil
    Austrian Institute of Technology, Austria.
    Quantum cryptography and authentication with low key-consumption2011In: Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering, 2011, p. 818916-Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Quantum Key Distribution (QKD - also referred to as Quantum Cryptography) is a technique for secret key agreement. It has been shown that QKD rigged with Information-Theoretic Secure (ITS) authentication (using secret key) of the classical messages transmitted during the key distribution protocol is also ITS. Note, QKD without any authentication can trivially be broken by man-in-the-middle attacks. Here, we study an authentication method that was originally proposed because of its low key consumption; a two-step authentication that uses a publicly known hash function, followed by a secret strongly universal2 hash function, which is exchanged each round. This two-step authentication is not information-theoretically secure but it was argued that nevertheless it does not compromise the security of QKD. In the current contribution we study intrinsic weaknesses of this approach under the common assumption that the QKD adversary has access to unlimited resources including quantum memories. We consider one implementation of Quantum Cryptographic protocols that use such authentication and demonstrate an attack that fully extract the secret key. Even including the final key from the protocol in the authentication does not rule out the possibility of these attacks. To rectify the situation, we propose a countermeasure that, while not informationtheoretically secure, restores the need for very large computing power for the attack to work. Finally, we specify conditions that must be satisfied by the two-step authentication in order to restore informationtheoretic security.

  • 297.
    Abildgaard, Lars
    et al.
    Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Linköping University, Department of Medicine and Care, Anaesthesiology. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, MKC - Medicin och kirurgicentrum, Anestesi.
    Aaro, Stig
    Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Linköping University, Department of Neuroscience and Locomotion, Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine.
    Lisander, Björn
    Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Linköping University, Department of Medicine and Care, Anaesthesiology. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, MKC - Medicin och kirurgicentrum, Anestesi.
    Limited effectiveness of intraoperative autotransfusion in major back surgery2001In: European Journal of Anaesthesiology, ISSN 0265-0215, E-ISSN 1365-2346, Vol. 18, no 12, p. 823-828Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Background and objective: The efficiency of intraoperative autotransfusion in scoliosis surgery is poorly known but needs to be evaluated, not least because of the large blood losses in these patients. This is a retrospective analysis of transfusion requirements of 43 such patients. Methods: Records from 43 patients were studied. During surgery, the shed blood was salvaged and washed in an autotransfusion device (AT1000 Auto-transfusion Unit«) and a suspension of red cells was reinfused. Results: Fifty-eight per cent of the intraoperative blood loss was salvaged. The total blood loss during the patients' hospital stay was calculated from the haemoglobin balance, 24% of this loss was salvaged by the device. Moreover, 36 of the patients needed allogeneic blood transfusion. Conclusion: The efficiency of the autotransfusion device was relatively low in relation to the total extravasation, mainly because the postoperative blood loss is substantial.

  • 298.
    Abioye, Ajibola I.
    et al.
    Brown Univ, RI 02912 USA.
    McDonald, Emily A.
    Brown Univ, RI 02912 USA.
    Park, Sangshin
    Brown Univ, RI 02912 USA; Univ Seoul, South Korea.
    Joshi, Ayush
    Brown Univ, RI 02912 USA.
    Kurtis, Jonathan D.
    Brown Univ, RI 02912 USA.
    Wu, Hannah
    Brown Univ, RI 02912 USA.
    Pond-Tor, Sunthorn
    Brown Univ, RI 02912 USA.
    Sharma, Surendra
    Brown Univ, RI 02912 USA; Women and Infants Hosp Rhode Isl, RI 02908 USA.
    Ernerudh, Jan
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of Neuro and Inflammation Science. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Region Östergötland, Center for Diagnostics, Department of Clinical Immunology and Transfusion Medicine.
    Baltazar, Palmera
    Remedios Trinidad Romualdez Hosp, Philippines.
    Acosta, Luz P.
    Res Inst Trop Med, Philippines.
    Olveda, Remigio M.
    Res Inst Trop Med, Philippines.
    Tallo, Veronica
    Res Inst Trop Med, Philippines.
    Friedman, Jennifer F.
    Brown Univ, RI 02912 USA.
    Maternal, placental and cord blood cytokines and the risk of adverse birth outcomes among pregnant women infected with Schistosoma japonicum in the Philippines2019In: PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases, ISSN 1935-2727, E-ISSN 1935-2735, Vol. 13, no 6, article id e0007371Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Background The objectives of this study were to 1) evaluate the influence of treatment with praziquantel on the inflammatory milieu in maternal, placental, and cord blood, 2) assess the extent to which proinflammatory signatures in placental and cord blood impacts birth outcomes, and 3) evaluate the impact of other helminths on the inflammatory micro environment. Methods/Findings This was a secondary analysis of samples from 369 mother-infant pairs participating in a randomized controlled trial of praziquantel given at 12-16 weeks gestation. We performed regression analysis to address our study objectives. In maternal peripheral blood, the concentrations of CXCL8, and TNF receptor I and II decreased from 12 to 32 weeks gestation, while IL-13 increased. Praziquantel treatment did not significantly alter the trajectory of the concentration of any of the cytokines examined. Hookworm infection was associated with elevated placental IL-1, CXCL8 and IFN-gamma. The risk of small-for-gestational age increased with elevated IL-6, IL-10, and CXCL8 in cord blood. The risk of prematurity was increased when cord blood sTNFRI and placental IL-5 were elevated. Conclusions Our study suggests that fetal cytokines, which may be related to infectious disease exposures, contribute to poor intrauterine growth. Additionally, hookworm infection influences cytokine concentrations at the maternal-fetal interface. Clinical Trial Registry number and website ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT00486863). Author summary Schistosomiasis is one of the most prevalent parasitic tropical diseases, and it is primarily treated with the drug praziquantel. This study examined the effects of praziquantel treatment for schistosomiasis and the presence of geohelminth infections during pregnancy on cytokines in maternal, placental, and cord blood, and examined the effects of pro-inflammatory signatures at the maternal-fetal interface on perinatal outcomes. We analyzed the data of 369 mother-infant pairs obtained from a randomized controlled trial of praziquantel given at 12-16 weeks gestation. Praziquantel treatment did not significantly alter the trajectory of the concentration of any of the cytokines examined. Elevated levels of both Th1 and Th2 cytokines were associated with the risk of adverse perinatal outcomes (small-for-gestational age and prematurity). Hookworm coinfection at 12 weeks gestation was, however, related to elevated levels of certain cytokines in the placenta (IL-1, IL-5, CXCL8 and IFN-gamma).

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  • 299.
    Abioye, Ajibola I.
    et al.
    Brown Univ, RI 02912 USA; Rhode Isl Hosp, RI USA; Rhode Isl Hosp, RI USA.
    Park, Sangshin
    Brown Univ, RI 02912 USA; Rhode Isl Hosp, RI USA; Rhode Isl Hosp, RI USA.
    Ripp, Kelsey
    Brown Univ, RI 02912 USA.
    McDonald, Emily A.
    Brown Univ, RI 02912 USA; Rhode Isl Hosp, RI USA; Rhode Isl Hosp, RI USA.
    Kurtis, Jonathan D.
    Brown Univ, RI 02912 USA; Rhode Isl Hosp, RI USA; Rhode Isl Hosp, RI USA.
    Wu, Hannah
    Brown Univ, RI 02912 USA; Rhode Isl Hosp, RI USA; Rhode Isl Hosp, RI USA.
    Pond-Tor, Sunthorn
    Rhode Isl Hosp, RI USA.
    Sharma, Surendra
    Brown Univ, RI 02912 USA; Women and Infants Hosp Rhode Isl, RI 02908 USA.
    Ernerudh, Jan
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of Neuro and Inflammation Science. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Region Östergötland, Center for Diagnostics, Department of Clinical Immunology and Transfusion Medicine.
    Baltazar, Palmera
    Res Inst Trop Med, Philippines; Remedios Trinidad Romualdez Hosp, Philippines.
    Acosta, Luz P.
    Res Inst Trop Med, Philippines.
    Olveda, Remigio M.
    Res Inst Trop Med, Philippines.
    Tallo, Veronica
    Res Inst Trop Med, Philippines.
    Friedman, Jennifer F.
    Brown Univ, RI 02912 USA; Rhode Isl Hosp, RI USA; Rhode Isl Hosp, RI USA.
    Anemia of Inflammation during Human Pregnancy Does Not Affect Newborn Iron Endowment2018In: Journal of Nutrition, ISSN 0022-3166, E-ISSN 1541-6100, Vol. 148, no 3, p. 427-436Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Background: To our knowledge, no studies have addressed whether maternal anemia of inflammation (AI) affects newborn iron status, and few have addressed risk factors for specific etiologies of maternal anemia. Objectives: The study aims were to evaluate 1) the contribution of AI and iron deficiency anemia (IDA) to newborn iron endowment, 2) hepcidin as a biomarker to distinguish AI from IDA among pregnant women, and 3) risk factors for specific etiologies of maternal anemia. Methods: We measured hematologic biomarkers in maternal blood at 12 and 32 wk of gestation and in cord blood from a randomized trial of praziquantel in 358 pregnant women with Schistosoma japonicum in The Philippines. IDA was defined as anemia with serum ferritin amp;lt; 30 ng/mL and non-IDA (NIDA), largely due to AI, as anemia with ferritin amp;gt;= 30 ng/mL. We identified cutoffs for biomarkers to distinguish IDA from NIDA by using area under the curve (AUC) analyses and examined the impact of different causes of anemia on newborn iron status (primary outcome) by using multivariate regression modeling. Results: Of the 358 mothers, 38% (n = 136) had IDA and 9% (n = 32) had NIDA at 32 wk of gestation. At 32 wk of gestation, serum hepcidin performed better than soluble transferrin receptor (sTfR) in identifying women with NIDA compared with the rest of the cohort (AUCs: 0.75 and 0.70, respectively) and in identifying women with NIDA among women with anemia (0.73 and 0.72, respectively). The cutoff that optimally distinguished women with NIDA from women with IDA in our cohort was 6.1 mu g/L. Maternal IDA, but not NIDA, was associated with significantly lower newborn ferritin (114.4 ng/mL compared with 148.4 mu g/L; P = 0.042). Conclusions: Hepcidin performed better than sTfR in identifying pregnant women with NIDA, but its cost may limit its use. Maternal IDA, but not NIDA, is associated with decreased newborn iron stores, emphasizing the need to identify this cause and provide iron therapy.

  • 300.
    Abjanbekov, Aidyn
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Economics.
    Alvarez Padilla, Ana Elena
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Economics.
    From Knowledge Transfer to Knowledge Translation: Case Study of a Telecom Consultancy2004Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Magister)Student thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Background: In today’s highly competitive business environment, knowledge is viewed as a key strategic resource. The privatization process of telecom operators in different countries created a demand in telecom management skills, and Swedish companies like Swedtel AB became involved in exporting and transferring their knowledge and management skills.

    Purpose: The purpose of this thesis paper is to identify all stages (from origins to final destination) of the Knowledge Transfer process and to contribute to the understanding about the mechanism of Knowledge Transfer between organizations.

    Scope: This research is limited to the investigation of the transfer process of strategic management knowledge from consulting company Swedtel AB to privatized telecom companies in Lithuania (Lietuvos Telekomas) and Nicaragua (Enitel).

    Results: Theoretical model of Knowledge Transfer was identified and tested. The model of this research was only partially supported: processes were identified in practice as described by the theory, however model required modifications in order to better reflect the reality.

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