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  • 301.
    Ablahad, Marlen
    Linköping University, Department of Religion and Culture.
    Bära Sorg Föra Liv: En studie om begravningsritualer bland syrianer/assyrier i hemlandet och i Sverige.2005Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 points / 15 hpStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    This essay describes the phases of funeral rituals between the Syrian/Assyrian, and compares the homeland with Sweden. It describes the stage of rituals according to Victor Turner schema of separation, margin or limin, and aggregation. The rituals religious significance agrees with Clifford Geertz’s theory about the importance of religious beliefs for the human being

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  • 302.
    Ablieieva, Iryna
    et al.
    Sumy State Department of Ecology and Environmental Protection Technologies, Sumy State University, Sumy, Ukraine.
    Berezhna, Iryna
    Sumy State Department of Ecology and Environmental Protection Technologies, Sumy State University, Sumy, Ukraine.
    Berezhnyi, Dmytrii
    Sumy State Department of Ecology and Environmental Protection Technologies, Sumy State University, Sumy, Ukraine.
    Enrich Prast, Alex
    Linköping University, Department of Thematic Studies, Tema Environmental Change. Linköping University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences.
    Geletukha, Georgiy
    Institute of Engineering Thermophysics of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine.
    Lutsenko, Serhii
    Sumy State Department of Ecology and Environmental Protection Technologies, Sumy State University, Sumy, Ukraine.
    Yanchenko, Ilona
    Sumy State Department of Ecology and Environmental Protection Technologies, Sumy State University, Sumy, Ukraine.
    Carraro, Giacomo
    Linköping University, Department of Thematic Studies, Tema Environmental Change. Linköping University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences.
    Technologies for Environmental Safety Application of Digestate as Biofertilizer2022In: Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology, ISSN 2719-7050, Vol. 23, no 3, p. 106-119Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The purpose of the paper is to determine the environmentally safe and economically feasible technology of biofertilizer production from the digestate including dewatering process. Methodological basis is based on the systematic approach to the determination of factors effected on the distribution of nutrients and pollutants between liquidand solid fractions after digestate separation. We studied modern technologies aimed at dewatering the digestateand reduction of its volume, showed their effectiveness. These technologies allow expanding the opportunities forcommercialization of the digestate, increasing the cost of its transportation and application to the soil instead ofcomplex fertilizers, using some valuable products. The results of the study showed that the ecological quality ofthe digestate is the highest as well as co-digested thermally pre-treated feedstock is used for solid-liquid separationin centrifuge with polymer addition as post-treatment approach to the flocculation. In order to increase efficiencyof biofertilizer application the technological scheme of production process of granular fertilizers from digestatewas proposed. Special feature of this scheme is in the use of phosphogypsum binder for the production of organomineral fertilizer that contributes phosphogypsum recycling in the waste management system.

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  • 303.
    Ablieieva, Iryna
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Thematic Studies, Tema Environmental Change. Linköping University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences. Linköping University, Biogas Solutions Research Center. Sumy State University, Ukraine.
    Chernysh, Yelizaveta
    Sumy State University, Ukraine; Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Czech Republic.
    Chubur, Viktoriia
    Sumy State University, Ukraine; Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Czech Republic.
    Skvortsova, Polina
    Sumy State University, Ukraine.
    Roubik, Hynek
    Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Czech Republic.
    Biopotential of Agricultural Waste: Production of Biofertilizers and Biofuels2022In: 22nd International Multidisciplinary Scientific Geoconference: Energy and Clean Technologies, SGEM 2022, Vienna, 6 December 2022 - 8 December 2022 / [ed] Trofymchuk O., Rivza B., Vienna, 2022, Vol. 22, 4.2, p. 39-47Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    This article is focused on performing a SWOT analysis of agricultural waste management methods. This approach can be applied in the biogas technology strategic planning process in Ukraine, which can solve the issue of implementation of environmental guidelines for the development of biofuels and biofertilizers. The main factors that determine how digestate is used are its quality, local conditions, regulations, and documents. Fertilizing fields with digestate provides many advantages, for example: reduced demand for plant protection products, reduction of unpleasant odor, and destruction of possible pathogens. The strengths and weaknesses of the implementation of biogas plants in Ukraine have been identified, and opportunities and threats have been considered. In general, the introduction of biogas technology is a very promising solution for the agricultural sector. Taking into account that a biogas plant is considered a potentially hazardous object for workers, it is necessary to constantly monitor the parameters of reactor operation in order to ensure the technological and environmental safety of the engineering facilities. For Ukraine, there is a shortage of specialists to set up an effective operation of biogas equipment and bring it to the industrial scale. It is necessary to consult with medium and small farms interested in the feasibility study and implementation of biogas technologies. 

  • 304.
    Ablieieva, Iryna
    et al.
    Sumy State University, Sumy, Ukraine.
    Geletukha, Georgii
    Institute of Engineering Thermophysics of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine; Marii Kapnist Street, 03057, Kyiv, Ukraine.
    Kucheruk, Petro
    Institute of Engineering Thermophysics of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine; Marii Kapnist Street, 03057, Kyiv, Ukraine.
    Enrich Prast, Alex
    Linköping University, Department of Thematic Studies, Tema Environmental Change. Linköping University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences.
    Carraro, Giacomo
    Linköping University, Department of Thematic Studies, Tema Environmental Change. Linköping University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences.
    Berezhna, Iryna
    Sumy State University, Sumy, Ukraine.
    Berezhnyi, Dmytrii
    Sumy State University, Sumy, Ukraine.
    Digestate Potential to Substitute Mineral Fertilizers: Engineering Approaches2022In: Journal of Engineering Sciences, ISSN 2312-2498, Vol. 9, no 1, p. H1-H10Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The study aims to define the potential and technological aspects of the digestate treatment for its application as a biofertilizer. Life cycle assessment methodology was used in terms of digestate quality management. The potential of nutrients, organic carbon, and useful microelements in the digestate allows for its consideration as a mineral fertilizer substitute and soil improver. The valorization of digestate as fertilizer requires quality management and quality control. Based on the research focus, the successful soil application of digestate post-treatment technologies was analyzed. Among the different commercial options for digestate treatment and nutrient recovery, the most relevant are drying, struvite precipitation, stripping, evaporation, and membranes technology. Comparing the physical and chemical properties of the whole digestate, separated liquid, and solid liquor fractions showed that in the case of soil application of granular fertilizer, nutrients from the digestate are released more slowly than digestate application without granulation. However, realizing this potential in an economically feasible way requires improving the quality of digestate products through appropriate technologies and quality control of digestate products. To support the manufacture of quality digestate across Europe, the European Compost Network developed a concept for a pan-European quality assurance scheme.

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  • 305.
    Ablieieva, Iryna
    et al.
    Sumy State Univ, Sumy, Ukraine.
    Plyatsuk, Leonid
    Sumy State Univ, Sumy, Ukraine.
    Burla, Oksana
    Sumy State Univ, Sumy, Ukraine.
    Chekh, Oleh
    Sumy State Univ, Sumy, Ukraine.
    Enrich-Prast, Alex
    Linköping University, Department of Thematic Studies, Tema Environmental Change. Linköping University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences.
    Theoretical Substantiation of Mathematical Models of Oil Filtration Through a Porous Medium2022In: Advanced Manufacturing Processes III , Interpartner-2021 / [ed] Tonkonogyi, V., Ivanov, V., Trojanowska, J., Oborskyi, G., Pavlenko, I, Heidelberg, Germany: Springer, 2022, p. 571-581Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    This paper focuses on determining the influence of soil, oil, and environmental factors on the process of oil filtration in a porous medium such as soil. Mathematical modeling of the oil geofiltration process based on classical and modified regularities makes it possible to solve a significant environmental problem associated with predicting the pollution zone due to accidental oil spills. The research methodology is based on the substantiation of theoretical models of oil filtration through porous media, methods for the numerical solution of equations, and computer visualization (ANSYS CFX software). Experimental data supported the verification of the adequacy of the models. Based on obtained results, it was found that all oil flowed into well-permeable sand at a speed of approximately 4-10 -4 m/h. The developed model of the stochastic process of petroleum hydrocarbons geofiltration involved obtaining the output as dependent variables, contamination level, contamination depth, and oil spot borders. Numerical solution and visualization using computer simulation showed the distribution of oil hydrocarbons in the soil in vertical and horizontal directions. The mathematical model allowed to predict the formation of the pollution front and assess the contaminated zone's size.

  • 306.
    Abo Al Ahad, George
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Economics. Linköping University, Department of Science and Technology, Physics and Electronics.
    Gerzic, Denis
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Economics. Linköping University, Department of Science and Technology, Physics and Electronics.
    A Study on the Low Volatility Anomaly in the Swedish Stock Exchange Market: Modern Portfolio Theory2017Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    This study investigates, with a critical approach, if portfolios consisting of high beta stocks yields more than portfolios consisting of low beta stocks in the Swedish stock exchange market. The chosen period is 1999-2016, covering both the DotCom Bubble and the financial crisis of 2008. We also investigate if the Capital Asset Pricing Model is valid by doing a test similar to Fama and Macbeth’s of 1973.

    Based on earlier studies in the field and our own study we come to the conclusion that high beta stocks does not outperform low beta stocks in the Swedish stock market 1999-2016. We believe that this relationship arises from inefficiencies in the market and irrational investing. By doing this study we observe that, the use of beta as the only risk factor for explaining expected returns on stocks or portfolios is not correct.

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  • 307.
    Abo Al Ahad, George
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Production Economics.
    Salami, Abbas
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Production Economics.
    Machine Learning for Market Prediction: Soft Margin Classifiers for Predicting the Sign of Return on Financial Assets2018Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (Two Years)), 20 credits / 30 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Forecasting procedures have found applications in a wide variety of areas within finance and have further shown to be one of the most challenging areas of finance. Having an immense variety of economic data, stakeholders aim to understand the current and future state of the market. Since it is hard for a human to make sense out of large amounts of data, different modeling techniques have been applied to extract useful information from financial databases, where machine learning techniques are among the most recent modeling techniques. Binary classifiers such as Support Vector Machines (SVMs) have to some extent been used for this purpose where extensions of the algorithm have been developed with increased prediction performance as the main goal. The objective of this study has been to develop a process for improving the performance when predicting the sign of return of financial time series with soft margin classifiers.

    An analysis regarding the algorithms is presented in this study followed by a description of the methodology that has been utilized. The developed process containing some of the presented soft margin classifiers, and other aspects of kernel methods such as Multiple Kernel Learning have shown pleasant results over the long term, in which the capability of capturing different market conditions have been shown to improve with the incorporation of different models and kernels, instead of only a single one. However, the results are mostly congruent with earlier studies in this field. Furthermore, two research questions have been answered where the complexity regarding the kernel functions that are used by the SVM have been studied and the robustness of the process as a whole. Complexity refers to achieving more complex feature maps through combining kernels by either adding, multiplying or functionally transforming them. It is not concluded that an increased complexity leads to a consistent improvement, however, the combined kernel function is superior during some of the periods of the time series used in this thesis for the individual models. The robustness has been investigated for different signal-to-noise ratio where it has been observed that windows with previously poor performance are more exposed to noise impact.

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    ML for Market Predictions
  • 308.
    Aboelnaga, Ahmed
    et al.
    Plastic Surgery Unit, Surgery Department, Suez Canal University, Egypt.
    Elmasry, Moustafa
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of Surgery, Orthopedics and Oncology. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Region Östergötland, Anaesthetics, Operations and Specialty Surgery Center, Department of Hand and Plastic Surgery. Plastic Surgery Unit, Surgery Department, Suez Canal University, Egypt.
    Adly, Osama A.
    Plastic Surgery Unit, Surgery Department, Suez Canal University, Egypt.
    Elbadawy, Mohamed A.
    Plastic Surgery Unit, Surgery Department, Suez Canal University, Egypt.
    Abbas, Ashraf H.
    Plastic Surgery Unit, Surgery Department, Suez Canal University, Egypt.
    Abdelrahman, Islam
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of Surgery, Orthopedics and Oncology. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Region Östergötland, Anaesthetics, Operations and Specialty Surgery Center, Department of Hand and Plastic Surgery. Plastic Surgery Unit, Surgery Department, Suez Canal University, Egypt.
    Salah, Omar
    Plastic Surgery Unit, Surgery Department, Suez Canal University, Egypt.
    Steinvall, Ingrid
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of Surgery, Orthopedics and Oncology. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Region Östergötland, Anaesthetics, Operations and Specialty Surgery Center, Department of Hand and Plastic Surgery.
    Microbial cellulose dressing compared with silver sulphadiazine for the treatment of partial thickness burns: A prospective, randomised, clinical trial2018In: Burns, ISSN 0305-4179, E-ISSN 1879-1409, Vol. 44, no 8, p. 1982-1988Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Background

    The current treatment for partial thickness burns at the trial site is silver sulphadiazine, as it minimises bacterial colonisation of wounds. Its deleterious effect on wound healing, together with the need for repeated, often painful, procedures, has brought about the search for a better treatment. Microbial cellulose has shown promising results that avoid these disadvantages. The aim of this study was therefore to compare microbial cellulose with silver sulphadiazine as a dressing for partial thickness burns.

    Method

    All patients who presented with partial thickness (superficial and deep dermal) burns from October 2014 to October 2016 were screened for this randomised clinical trial. Twenty patients were included in each group: the cellulose group was treated with microbial cellulose sheets and the control group with silver sulphadiazine cream 10 mg/g. The wound was evaluated every third day. Pain was assessed using the Face, Legs, Activity, Cry, Consolability (FLACC) scale during and after each procedure. Other variables recorded were age, sex, percentage total body surface area burned (TBSA%), clinical signs of infection, time for epithelialisation and hospital stay. Linear multivariable regression was used to analyse the significance of differences between the treatment groups by adjusting for the size and depth of the burn, and the patient’s age.

    Results

    Median TBSA% was 9% (IQR 5.5–12.5). The median number of dressing changes was 1 (IQR 1–2) in the cellulose group, which was lower than that in the control group (median 9.5, IQR 6–16) (p < 0.001). Multivariable regression analysis showed that the group treated with microbial cellulose spent 6.3 (95% CI 0.2–12.5) fewer days in hospital (p = 0.04), had a mean score that was 3.4 (95% CI 2.5–4.3) points lower during wound care (p < 0.001), and 2.2 (95% CI 1.6–2.7) afterwards (p < 0.001). Epithelialisation was quicker, but not significantly so.

    Conclusion

    These results suggest that the microbial cellulose dressing is a better first choice for treatment of partial thickness burns than silver sulphadiazine cream. Fewer dressings of the wound were done and, combined with the low pain scores, this is good for both the patients and the health care system. The differences in randomisation of the area of burns is, however, a concern that needs to be included in the interpretation of the results.

  • 309. Abom, A.E.
    et al.
    Comini, E.
    Dipto. di Chim. e Fis. dei Materaili, INFM, Università di Brescia, Via Valotti 9, I-251 33 Brescia, Italy.
    Sberveglieri, G.
    Dipto. di Chim. e Fis. dei Materaili, INFM, Università di Brescia, Via Valotti 9, I-251 33 Brescia, Italy.
    Finnegan, N.
    Ctr. for Microanalysis of Materials, Frederick Seitz Mat. Res. Laboratory, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, United States.
    Petrov, I.
    Ctr. for Microanalysis of Materials, Frederick Seitz Mat. Res. Laboratory, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, United States.
    Hultman, Lars
    Linköping University, The Institute of Technology. Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Thin Film Physics.
    Erikssion, M.
    Experimental evidence for a dissociation mechanism in NH3 detection with MIS field-effect devices2003In: Sensors and actuators. B, Chemical, ISSN 0925-4005, E-ISSN 1873-3077, Vol. 89, no 1-2Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The gas response mechanism of ammonia detection with Pt-based metal-insulator-semiconductor (MIS) field-effect sensors was investigated. An experimental model system was designed which compares the responses of thick continuous Pt layers with controlled morphology and surface chemical composition, with the response of thin, discontinuous layers. The surface of a thick, continuous sputter-deposited Pt film is modified, either by (i) the deposition of a thin SiO2 overlayer, (ii) reactive sputter deposition of PtOx, or (iii) co-deposition of Pt with SiO2 in Ar + O2 atmospheres. We show that the ammonia response is caused by the formation of atomic hydrogen through the dissociation of NH3 at temperatures <200 °C. It is found that the modified surfaces exhibit increased ammonia selectivity compared to a pure Pt film. Results from this work indicate that the reason for the changed selectivity is the appearance of an oxidized PtOx phase or triple phase boundaries between Pt, SiO2 and the ambient gas, rather than for solely morphological reasons. © 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.

  • 310. Abom, A.E.
    et al.
    Comini, E.
    Sberveglieri, G.
    Hultman, Lars
    Linköping University, The Institute of Technology. Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Thin Film Physics.
    Eriksson, Mats
    Linköping University, The Institute of Technology. Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Applied Physics .
    Thin oxide films as surface modifiers of MIS field effect gas sensors2002In: Sensors and actuators. B, Chemical, ISSN 0925-4005, E-ISSN 1873-3077, Vol. 85, no 1-2, p. 109-119Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The catalytic activity at the surface of Pt based MIS field effect gas sensors is modified by the deposition of thin films of SnO2, Al2O3 and SiO2, grown by reactive sputtering. It is found that a very thin layer (<10 nm) of SiO2 and SnO2 changes the catalytic activity towards higher NH3 selectivity, but with thicker films the sensor response vanishes. Since the response mechanism for these sensors is dependent on dissociation of molecules, it is likely that at low temperatures (140 °C), neither dissociation on nor transport/diffusion through the thicker films takes place. However, with Pt in conjunction with SiO2 or SnO2, the surface reactions will be altered, with enhanced NH3 selectivity as a result. A thin film of Al2O3, on the other hand, has a much smaller influence on the gas response to the test gases used in this work. Furthermore the sputtering process is found to strongly influence the sensor responses, and specifically reduce the sensitivity of the sensor. A thin intermediate layer of evaporated Pt does not completely protect the underlying structure from sputter induced damage. © 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.

  • 311. Abom, A.E.
    et al.
    Haasch, R.T.
    Frederick Seitz Mat. Res. Laboratory, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, United States.
    Hellgren, N.
    Frederick Seitz Mat. Res. Laboratory, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, United States.
    Finnegan, N.
    Frederick Seitz Mat. Res. Laboratory, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, United States.
    Hultman, Lars
    Linköping University, The Institute of Technology. Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Thin Film Physics.
    Eriksson, Mats
    Linköping University, The Institute of Technology. Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Applied Physics .
    Characterization of the metal-insulator interface of field-effect chemical sensors2003In: Journal of Applied Physics, ISSN 0021-8979, E-ISSN 1089-7550, Vol. 93, no 12, p. 9760-9768Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The metal-insulator interface of hydrogen-sensitive metal-insulator-semiconductor capacitors, with SiO2 as the insulator and Pt as the metal contact, was discussed. It was found that the difference in hydrogen response between differently prepared devices was explained by a difference in concentration of available adsorption sites. The analysis showed that the concentration of Pt atoms in contact with the oxide affected both the hydrogen response and the metal-oxide adhesion.

  • 312. Abom, A.E.
    et al.
    Persson, Per
    Linköping University, The Institute of Technology. Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Thin Film Physics.
    Hultman, Lars
    Linköping University, The Institute of Technology. Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Thin Film Physics.
    Eriksson, Mats
    Linköping University, The Institute of Technology. Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Applied Physics .
    Influence of gate metal film growth parameters on the properties of gas sensitive field-effect devices2002In: Thin Solid Films, ISSN 0040-6090, E-ISSN 1879-2731, Vol. 409, no 2, p. 233-242Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Thin films of Pt have been grown as gate metals on the oxide surface of gas sensitive field-effect devices. Both electron beam evaporation and dc magnetron sputtering has been used. The energy of the impinging Pt atoms, the substrate temperature and the thickness of the Pt film were used as parameters in this study. The influence of the growth parameters on the gas response has been investigated and compared with the properties of the films, studied by transmission electron microscopy, Auger electron spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction. The conditions during growth of the Pt film are found to have a large impact on the properties of the device. As expected, crystallinity, morphology and the metal/substrate interfacial structure are also affected by processing parameters. Three different growth processes stand out as the most promising from gas sensor considerations, namely room temperature evaporation, sputtering at high pressures and sputtering at high temperatures. The correlation between gas responses and properties of the gas sensitive layer is discussed. © 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.

  • 313.
    Abongo, D. A.
    et al.
    University of Nairobi, Kenya.
    Wandiga, S. O.
    University of Nairobi, Kenya.
    Jumba, I. O.
    University of Nairobi, Kenya.
    Van den Brink, P. J.
    University of Wageningen and Research Centre, Netherlands.
    Naziriwo, B. B.
    Makerere University, Uganda.
    Madadi, V. O.
    University of Nairobi, Kenya.
    Wafula, G. A.
    University of Nairobi, Kenya.
    Nkedi-Kizza, P.
    University of Florida, FL USA.
    Kylin, Henrik
    Linköping University, The Tema Institute, Tema Environmental Change. Linköping University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences. North West University, South Africa.
    Occurrence, abundance and distribution of benthic macroinvertebrates in the Nyando River catchment, Kenya2015In: African Journal of Aquatic Science, ISSN 1608-5914, E-ISSN 1727-9364, Vol. 40, no 4, p. 373-392Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    A baseline study was conducted of the occurrence of macroinvertebrates at 26 sites in the Nyando River catchment in 2005-2006. A total of 13 orders and 16 families of Arthropoda, Mollusca, Platyhelminthes and Annelida were collected, with the order Ephemeroptera being most abundant in the up- and mid-stream reaches, followed by Hemiptera and Plecoptera respectively. The downstream sections of the river were dominated by Hirudinea and tubificids, as the water quality deteriorated mainly due to local land use, raw sewage effluent discharge and annual floods. Insects and annelids were the main invertebrates found and the extent of pollution increased from mid-section (Site 15) downwards as the river flowed into the Winam Gulf. Stringent management measures are required to safeguard the environment and ecosystems of Lake Victoria.

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  • 314.
    Abong'o, Deborah
    et al.
    University of Nairobi, Kenya.
    Wandiga, Shem
    University of Nairobi, Kenya.
    Jumba, Isaac
    University of Nairobi, Kenya.
    Madadi, Vincent
    University of Nairobi, Kenya.
    Kylin, Henrik
    Linköping University, The Tema Institute, Department of Water and Environmental Studies. Linköping University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences.
    Impacts of pesticides on human health and environment in the River Nyando catchment, Kenya2014In: International Journal of Humanities, Arts, Medicine and Sciences, ISSN 2348-0521, Vol. 2, no 3, p. 1-14Article in journal (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    The population of the River Nyando catchment largely relies on rain fed agriculture for their subsistence.

    Important crops grown include cereals, cash crops fruits and vegetables. Farming is one of the contributors of pollution to Lake Victoria. Organophosphates and other banned organochlorine pesticides such as lindane, aldrin and dieldrin were used by farmers. The pesticides transport was by storm water run-off and air drift into the lake. Environmental risk assessment background information was collected through questionnaire and interviews of farmers to determine knowledge and safe use of pesticides. Fourteen pesticides were identified as commonly used of which four are toxic to bees and five to birds. The farmers identified declines in the number of pollinating insects, the disappearance of Red-billed Oxpecker (Buphagus erythrorthynchus) and wild bird’s fatalities. The general knowledge among farmers about chemicals risks, safety, and chronic illnesses was low. Activities that increases environmental awareness and safety of pesticides should be initiated by the agrochemical firms and government.

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    River Nyando catchment 1
  • 315.
    Abong'o, Deborah
    et al.
    University of Nairobi, Kenya.
    Wandiga, Shem
    University of Nairobi. Kenya.
    Jumba, Isac
    University of Nairobi, Kenya.
    van den Brink, Paul
    Wageningen University, the Netherlands.
    Nazariwo, Betty
    Makerere University, Uganda.
    Madadi, Vincent
    University of Nairobi, Kenya.
    Wafula, Godfrey
    University of Nairobi, Kenya.
    Kylin, Henrik
    Linköping University, The Tema Institute, Tema Environmental Change. Linköping University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences.
    Nkedi-Kizza, Peter
    University of Florida, USA.
    Organochlorine pesticide residue levels in soil from the Nyando River catchment, Kenya2015In: Africa Journal of Physical Sciences, ISSN 2313-3317, Vol. 2, no 1, p. 18-32Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Soil samples were collected from six locations representative of the Nyando River catchment area of the Lake Victoria over a period of two years. Sampling was done four times in the year in February, May, September and December 2005 and 2006 in farms where maize, tea, sugar cane, coffee, rice and vegetables have been grown over the years. This coincided with the effects of different seasons and farming activities on residue levels of the pesticides in use. The objective was to investigate levels and distribution of organochlorine pesticides that have either been banned or are restricted for use in Kenya. Organochlorine pesticides investigated were DDT, lindane, aldrin, dieldrin, heptachlor, endrin, endosulfan (both α- and β- isomers and endosulfan sulphate), the sum is called “total” or Σendosulfan and methoxychlor. Prior to the ban or restriction in use, these pesticides had found wide applications in public health for control of disease vectors and in agriculture for control of crop pests. The analysis revealed presence of all the targeted pesticides with the highest mean concentrations for methoxychlor 140 ± 1.5 μg/kg, Σendosulfan (30 ± 2.1 μg/kg), aldrin (18 ± 0.28 μg/kg), respectively. The results show the presence of these pesticides in soils in the basin and this could be impacting negatively on the ecosystem health of the area.

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  • 316.
    Abou Ghayda, Ramy
    et al.
    Case Western Reserve Univ, OH 44106 USA.
    Lee, Keum Hwa
    Yonsei Univ, South Korea.
    Han, Young Joo
    Inje Univ, South Korea.
    Ryu, Seohyun
    Yonsei Univ, South Korea.
    Hong, Sung Hwi
    Yonsei Univ, South Korea.
    Yoon, Sojung
    Yonsei Univ, South Korea.
    Jeong, Gwang Hum
    Gyeongsang Natl Univ, South Korea.
    Yang, Jae Won
    Yonsei Univ, South Korea.
    Lee, Hyo Jeong
    Yonsei Univ, South Korea.
    Lee, Jinhee
    Yonsei Univ, South Korea.
    Lee, Jun Young
    Yonsei Univ, South Korea.
    Effenberger, Maria
    Med Univ Innsbruck, Austria.
    Eisenhut, Michael
    Luton & Dunstable Univ Hosp NHS Fdn Trust, England.
    Kronbichler, Andreas
    Med Univ Innsbruck, Austria.
    Solmi, Marco
    Univ Ottawa, Canada; Ottawa Hosp, Canada; Univ Ottawa, Canada; Univ Ottawa, Canada.
    Li, Han
    Univ Florida, FL USA.
    Jacob, Louis
    Univ Versailles St Quentin En Yvelines, France; CIBERSAM, Spain.
    Koyanagi, Ai
    CIBERSAM, Spain; ICREA, Spain.
    Radua, Joaquim
    Inst Invest Biomed August Pi & Sunyer IDIBAPS, Spain; Kings Coll London, England; Karolinska Inst, Sweden.
    Park, Myung Bae
    Pai Chai Univ, South Korea.
    Aghayeva, Sevda
    Azerbaijan Med Univ, Azerbaijan.
    Ahmed, Mohamed L. C. B.
    Univ Nouakchott Al Aasriya, Mauritania.
    Al Serouri, Abdulwahed
    Yemen Field Epidemiol Training Program, Yemen.
    Al-Shamsi, Humaid O.
    Univ Sharjah, U Arab Emirates; Burjeel Canc Inst, U Arab Emirates.
    Amir-Behghadami, Mehrdad
    Tabriz Univ Med Sci, Iran; Tabriz Univ Med Sci, Iran; Tabriz Univ Med Sci, Iran.
    Baatarkhuu, Oidov
    Mongolian Natl Univ Med Sci, Mongolia.
    Bashour, Hyam
    Damascus Univ, Syria.
    Bondarenko, Anastasiia
    Shupyk Natl Healthcare Univ Ukraine, Ukraine.
    Camacho-Ortiz, Adrian
    Univ Autonoma Nuevo Leon, Mexico.
    Castro, Franz
    Gorgas Mem Inst Hlth Studies, Panama.
    Cox, Horace
    Minist Hlth Guyana, Guyana.
    Davtyan, Hayk
    TB Res & Prevent Ctr NGO, Armenia.
    Douglas, Kirk
    Univ West Indies, Barbados.
    Dragioti, Elena
    Linköping University, Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Division of Prevention, Rehabilitation and Community Medicine. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Region Östergötland, Anaesthetics, Operations and Specialty Surgery Center, Pain and Rehabilitation Center.
    Ebrahim, Shahul
    Univ Sci Tech & Technol, Mali.
    Ferioli, Martina
    IRCCS Azienda Osped Univ Bologna, Italy.
    Harapan, Harapan
    Univ Syiah Kuala, Indonesia.
    Mallah, Saad I
    Royal Coll Surg Ireland Bahrain, Indonesia.
    Ikram, Aamer
    Natl Inst Hlth, Pakistan.
    Inoue, Shigeru
    Tokyo Med Univ, Japan.
    Jankovic, Slobodan
    Univ Kragujevac, Serbia.
    Jayarajah, Umesh
    Univ Colombo, Sri Lanka.
    Jesenak, Milos
    Comenius Univ, Slovakia.
    Kakodkar, Pramath
    Natl Univ Galway Ireland, Ireland.
    Kebede, Yohannes
    Jimma Univ, Ethiopia.
    Kifle, Meron
    Univ Oxford, England.
    Koh, David
    Natl Univ Singapore, Singapore.
    Males, Visnja K.
    Sch Med Split, Croatia.
    Kotfis, Katarzyna
    Pomeranian Med Univ, Poland.
    Lakoh, Sulaiman
    Univ Sierra Leone, Sierra Leone.
    Ling, Lowell
    Chinese Univ Hong Kong, Peoples R China.
    Llibre-Guerra, Jorge
    Washington Univ, MO USA.
    Machida, Masaki
    Tokyo Med Univ, Japan.
    Makurumidze, Richard
    Univ Zimbabwe, Zimbabwe.
    Mamun, Mohammed
    Chinese Univ Hong Kong, Peoples R China; Jahangirnagar Univ, Bangladesh; Daffodil Int Univ, Bangladesh; CHINTA Res Bangladesh, Bangladesh.
    Masic, Izet
    Acad Med Sci Bosnia & Herzegovina, Bosnia & Herceg.
    Van Minh, Hoang
    Hanoi Univ Publ Hlth, Vietnam.
    Moiseev, Sergey
    Sechenov First Moscow State Med Univ, Russia.
    Nadasdy, Thomas
    St Parascheva Clin Hosp Infect Dis, Romania.
    Nahshon, Chen
    Carmel Hosp, Israel.
    Namendys-Silva, Silvio A.
    Inst Nacl Ciencias Med & Nutr Salvador Zubiran, Mexico.
    Yongsi, Blaise N.
    Univ Yaounde II, Cameroon.
    Nielsen, Henning B.
    Zealand Univ Hosp Roskilde, Denmark.
    Nodjikouambaye, Zita A.
    Mobile Lab Hemorrhag & Resp Viruses Ndjamena, Chad.
    Ohnmar, Ohnmar
    Myanmar Hlth Minist, Myanmar.
    Oksanen, Atte
    Tampere Univ, Finland.
    Owopetu, Oluwatomi
    Univ Coll Hosp, Nigeria.
    Parperis, Konstantinos
    Univ Cyprus Med Sch, Cyprus.
    Perez, Gonzalo E.
    Clin Olivos, Argentina.
    Pongpirul, Krit
    Chulalongkorn Univ, Thailand.
    Rademaker, Marius
    Auckland Univ Med Sch, New Zealand.
    Rosa, Sandro
    Fed Fluminense Univ, Brazil; Natl Inst Ind Property, Brazil.
    Sah, Ranjit
    Natl Publ Hlth Lab, Nepal.
    Sallam, Dina
    Ain Shams Univ, Egypt.
    Schober, Patrick
    Vrije Univ Amsterdam, Netherlands.
    Singhal, Tanu
    Kokilaben Dhirubhai Ambani Hosp & Med Res Inst, India.
    Tafaj, Silva
    Univ Hosp Shefqet Ndroqi, Albania.
    Torres, Irene
    Fdn Octaedro, Ecuador.
    Smith Torres-Roman, J.
    Univ Cient Sur, Peru.
    Tsartsalis, Dimitrios
    Hippokrateion Hosp, Greece.
    Tsolmon, Jadamba
    Mongolian Natl Univ Med Sci, Mongolia.
    Tuychiev, Laziz
    Tashkent Med Acad, Uzbekistan.
    Vukcevic, Batric
    Univ Montenegro, Montenegro.
    Wanghi, Guy
    Univ Kinshasa, DEM REP CONGO.
    Wollina, Uwe
    Stadt Klinikum Dresden, Germany.
    Xu, Ren-He
    Univ Macau, Peoples R China.
    Yang, Lin
    Alberta Hlth Serv, Canada; Univ Calgary, Canada; Univ Calgary, Canada.
    Zaidi, Zoubida
    Univ Ferhat Abbas, Algeria.
    Smith, Lee
    Anglia Ruskin Univ, England.
    Shin, Jae Il
    Yonsei Univ, South Korea.
    The global case fatality rate of coronavirus disease 2019 by continents and national income: A meta-analysis2022In: Journal of Medical Virology, ISSN 0146-6615, E-ISSN 1096-9071, Vol. 94, no 6, p. 2402-2413Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The aim of this study is to provide a more accurate representation of COVID-19s case fatality rate (CFR) by performing meta-analyses by continents and income, and by comparing the result with pooled estimates. We used multiple worldwide data sources on COVID-19 for every country reporting COVID-19 cases. On the basis of data, we performed random and fixed meta-analyses for CFR of COVID-19 by continents and income according to each individual calendar date. CFR was estimated based on the different geographical regions and levels of income using three models: pooled estimates, fixed- and random-model. In Asia, all three types of CFR initially remained approximately between 2.0% and 3.0%. In the case of pooled estimates and the fixed model results, CFR increased to 4.0%, by then gradually decreasing, while in the case of random-model, CFR remained under 2.0%. Similarly, in Europe, initially, the two types of CFR peaked at 9.0% and 10.0%, respectively. The random-model results showed an increase near 5.0%. In high-income countries, pooled estimates and fixed-model showed gradually increasing trends with a final pooled estimates and random-model reached about 8.0% and 4.0%, respectively. In middle-income, the pooled estimates and fixed-model have gradually increased reaching up to 4.5%. in low-income countries, CFRs remained similar between 1.5% and 3.0%. Our study emphasizes that COVID-19 CFR is not a fixed or static value. Rather, it is a dynamic estimate that changes with time, population, socioeconomic factors, and the mitigatory efforts of individual countries.

  • 317. Order onlineBuy this publication >>
    Aboulaich, Nabila
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Cell Biology. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Expanding role of caveolae in control of adipocyte metabolism: proteomics of caveolae2006Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    The primary function of adipose tissue is to store energy in the form of triacylglycerol, which is hydrolyzed to fatty acids to supply other tissues with energy. While insulin promotes the storage of triacylglycerol, catecholamines stimulate its hydrolysis. The development of type II diabetes is strongly associated with obesity, indicating a role of triacylglycerol metabolism in the pathogenesis of diabetes. Caveolae are plasma membrane invaginations found in most cells but are highly abundant in adipocytes. Insulin receptors are localized in caveolae and their function depends on intact caveolae structures. In the present thesis work, mass spectrometry-based methodology allowed identification of a number of new proteins and their posttranslational modifications in caveolae of human adipocytes. Variable N-terminal acetylation and phosphorylation of caveolin-1α and caveolin-1β were identified, which might regulate the function of caveolae. The transcription regulator protein PTRF was identified as the major caveolae associated protein. Specific proteolytic modifications of PTRF at the cytosolic surface of caveolae and phosphorylation on nine serine and one threonine residues were identified. Moreover, insulin induced translocation of PTRF from the plasma membrane to the nucleus. PTRF was previously shown to regulate the activity of both RNA polymerase I and polymerase II, thus a role of PTRF in mediating the anabolic action of insulin on protein synthesis and gene transcription is proposed.

    PTRF was also involved in an extranuclear function in the hormonal regulation of triacylglycerol metabolism in caveolae. PTRF was colocalized with the triacylglycerol regulator proteins perilipin and hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL) in the triacylglycerol-synthesizing caveolae subclass. We showed that, while perilipin was translocated to the plasma membrane, both PTRF and HSL were translocated from the plasma membrane to the cytosol as a complex in response to insulin. The perilipin recruited to the plasma membrane was highly threonine phosphorylated. By mass spectrometry, three phosphorylated threonine residues were identified and were located in an acidic domain in the lipid droplet targeting domain of perilipin. The insulin-induced recruitment of perilipin to the plasma membrane might, therefore be phosphorylation-dependent. Isoproterenol, which stimulates hydrolysis of triacylglycerol, induced a complete depletion of perilipin B from the plasma membrane, suggesting a function of perilipin B to protect newly synthesized triacylglycerol in caveolae from being hydrolyzed by HSL. The location of PTRF and HSL was not affected by isoproterenol, indicating that insulin is acting against a default presence of PTRF and HSL in caveolae.

    Taken together, this thesis expands our knowledge about caveolae and provided valuable information about their involvement in novel roles, particularly in the hormonal regulation of triacylglycerol metabolism.

    List of papers
    1. Vectorial proteomics reveal targeting, phosphorylation and specific fragmentation of polymerase I and transcript release factor (PTRF) at the surface of caveolae in human adipocytes
    Open this publication in new window or tab >>Vectorial proteomics reveal targeting, phosphorylation and specific fragmentation of polymerase I and transcript release factor (PTRF) at the surface of caveolae in human adipocytes
    2004 (English)In: The Biochemical journal, ISSN 1470-8728, Vol. 383, no Pt 2, p. 237-248Article in journal (Refereed) Published
    Abstract [en]

    Caveolae, the specialized invaginations of plasma membranes, formed sealed vesicles with outwards-orientated cytosolic surface after isolation from primary human adipocytes. This morphology allowed differential, vectorial identification of proteins at the opposite membrane surfaces by proteolysis and MS. Extracellular-exposed caveolae-specific proteins CD36 and copper-containing amine oxidase were concealed inside the vesicles and resisted trypsin treatment. The cytosol-orientated caveolins were efficiently digested by trypsin, producing peptides amenable to direct MS sequencing. Isolation of peripheral proteins associated with the cytosolic surface of caveolae revealed a set of proteins that contained nuclear localization signals, leucine-zipper domains and PEST (amino acid sequence enriched in proline, glutamic acid, serine and threonine) domains implicated in regulation by proteolysis. In particular, PTRF (polymerase I and transcript release factor) was found as a major caveolae-associated protein and its co-localization with caveolin was confirmed by immunofluorescence confocal microscopy. PTRF was present at the surface of caveolae in the intact form and in five different truncated forms. Peptides (44 and 45 amino acids long) comprising both the PEST domains were sequenced by nanospray-quadrupole-time-of-flight MS from the full-length PTRF, but were not found in the truncated forms of the protein. Two endogenous cleavage sites corresponding to calpain specificity were identified in PTRF; one of them was in a PEST domain. Both cleavage sites were flanked by mono- or diphosphorylated sequences. The phosphorylation sites were localized to Ser-36, Ser-40, Ser-365 and Ser-366 in PTRF. Caveolae of human adipocytes are proposed to function in targeting, relocation and proteolytic control of PTRF and other PEST-domain-containing signalling proteins.

    Keywords
    Caveolae, human adipocyte, MS, PEST sequence, polymerase I and transcript release factor (PTRF), proteolysis
    National Category
    Medical and Health Sciences
    Identifiers
    urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-19145 (URN)10.1042/BJ20040647 (DOI)15242332 (PubMedID)
    Available from: 2009-06-12 Created: 2009-06-12 Last updated: 2009-06-12Bibliographically approved
    2. N-terminal processing and modifications of caveolin-1 in caveolae from human adipocytes
    Open this publication in new window or tab >>N-terminal processing and modifications of caveolin-1 in caveolae from human adipocytes
    Show others...
    2004 (English)In: Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications - BBRC, ISSN 0006-291X, E-ISSN 1090-2104, Vol. 320, no 2, p. 480-486Article in journal (Refereed) Published
    Abstract [en]

    Caveolin, the principal structural protein of caveolae membrane domains, has a cytosol-exposed N-terminal part that was cleaved off by trypsin treatment of caveolae vesicles isolated from primary human adipocytes. Sequencing of the released tryptic peptides by nanospray quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry revealed that both caveolin-1alpha and caveolin-1beta were processed by excision of the starting methionines. The N-terminus of the mature caveolin-1alpha was acetylated, while caveolin-1beta was found in acetylated as well as in non-acetylated forms. Fractional phosphorylation of serine-36 in the mature caveolin-1alpha and of the homologous serine-5 in caveolin-1beta was identified. This is the first experimental evidence for in vivo phosphorylation of caveolin-1 at the consensus site for phosphorylation by protein kinase C. The phosphorylation was found in both the acetylated and non-acetylated variants of caveolin-1beta. This variability in modifications is consistent with critical involvement of the N-terminal domain of caveolin in the regulation of caveolae.

    Keywords
    Human adipocyte, Caveolin-1; Caveolae, Protein phosphorylation, N-terminal acetylation, Mass spectrometry
    National Category
    Medical and Health Sciences
    Identifiers
    urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-19146 (URN)10.1016/j.bbrc.2004.05.196 (DOI)15219854 (PubMedID)
    Available from: 2009-06-12 Created: 2009-06-12 Last updated: 2017-12-13Bibliographically approved
    3. Hormonal control of reversible translocation of perilipin B to the plasma membrane in primary human adipocytes
    Open this publication in new window or tab >>Hormonal control of reversible translocation of perilipin B to the plasma membrane in primary human adipocytes
    2006 (English)In: Journal of Biological Chemistry, ISSN 0021-9258, E-ISSN 1083-351X, Vol. 281, no 17, p. 11446-11449Article in journal (Refereed) Published
    Abstract [en]

    In adipocytes, perilipin coats and protects the central lipid droplet, which stores triacylglycerol. Alternative mRNA splicing gives rise to perilipin A and B. Hormones such as catecholamines and insulin regulate triacylglycerol metabolism through reversible serine phosphorylation of perilipin A. It was recently shown that perilipin was also located in triacylglycerol-synthesizing caveolae of the plasma membrane. We now report that perilipin at the plasma membrane of primary human adipocytes was phosphorylated on a cluster of threonine residues (299, 301, and 306) within an acidic domain that forms part of the lipid targeting domain. Perilipin B comprised <10% of total perilipin but was the major isoform associated with the plasma membrane of human adipocytes. This association was controlled by insulin and catecholamine: perilipin B was specifically depleted from the plasma membrane in response to the catecholamine isoproterenol, while insulin increased the amount of threonine phosphorylated perilipin at the plasma membrane. The reversible translocation of perilipin B to and from the plasma membrane in response to insulin and isoproterenol, respectively, suggests a specific function for perilipin B to protect newly synthesized triacylglycerol in the plasma membrane.

    National Category
    Medical and Health Sciences
    Identifiers
    urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-19147 (URN)10.1074/jbc.C500461200 (DOI)16527823 (PubMedID)
    Available from: 2009-06-12 Created: 2009-06-12 Last updated: 2017-12-13Bibliographically approved
    4. Association and insulin regulated translocation of hormone-sensitive lipase with PTRF
    Open this publication in new window or tab >>Association and insulin regulated translocation of hormone-sensitive lipase with PTRF
    2006 (English)In: Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications - BBRC, ISSN 0006-291X, E-ISSN 1090-2104, Vol. 350, no 3, p. 657-661Article in journal (Refereed) Published
    Abstract [en]

    Polymerase I and transcript release factor (PTRF) is in human adipocytes mainly localized at the plasma membrane. This localization was under control of insulin, which translocated PTRF to the cytosol and nucleus, indicating a novel role for PTRF in insulin transcriptional control. In the plasma membrane PTRF was specifically bound to a triacylglycerol-metabolizing subclass of caveolae containing hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL). In response to insulin PTRF was translocated to the cytosol in parallel with HSL. PTRF and HSL were quantitatively immunoprecipitated from the cytosol by antibodies against either PTRF or HSL. The findings indicate also a novel extranuclear function for PTRF in the control of lipolysis.

    Keywords
    Hormone-sensitive lipase, Polymerase I and transcript release factor, Adipocyte, Human, Insulin, Translocation, Protein complex, Caveolae, Lipid metabolism, Transcriptional control
    National Category
    Medical and Health Sciences
    Identifiers
    urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-19148 (URN)10.1016/j.bbrc.2006.09.094 (DOI)17026959 (PubMedID)
    Available from: 2009-06-12 Created: 2009-06-12 Last updated: 2017-12-13Bibliographically approved
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    Expanding Role of Caveolae in Control of Adipocyte Metabolism
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    Cover
  • 318.
    Aboulaich, Nabila
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Cell Biology. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Ortegren, Unn
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Cell Biology. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Vener, Alexander V
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Cell Biology. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Strålfors, Peter
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Cell Biology. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Association and insulin regulated translocation of hormone-sensitive lipase with PTRF2006In: Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications - BBRC, ISSN 0006-291X, E-ISSN 1090-2104, Vol. 350, no 3, p. 657-661Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Polymerase I and transcript release factor (PTRF) is in human adipocytes mainly localized at the plasma membrane. This localization was under control of insulin, which translocated PTRF to the cytosol and nucleus, indicating a novel role for PTRF in insulin transcriptional control. In the plasma membrane PTRF was specifically bound to a triacylglycerol-metabolizing subclass of caveolae containing hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL). In response to insulin PTRF was translocated to the cytosol in parallel with HSL. PTRF and HSL were quantitatively immunoprecipitated from the cytosol by antibodies against either PTRF or HSL. The findings indicate also a novel extranuclear function for PTRF in the control of lipolysis.

  • 319.
    Aboulaich, Nabila
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Cell Biology. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Vainonen, Julia P
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Cell Biology. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Strålfors, Peter
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Cell Biology. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Vener, Alexander V
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Cell Biology. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Vectorial proteomics reveal targeting, phosphorylation and specific fragmentation of polymerase I and transcript release factor (PTRF) at the surface of caveolae in human adipocytes2004In: The Biochemical journal, ISSN 1470-8728, Vol. 383, no Pt 2, p. 237-248Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Caveolae, the specialized invaginations of plasma membranes, formed sealed vesicles with outwards-orientated cytosolic surface after isolation from primary human adipocytes. This morphology allowed differential, vectorial identification of proteins at the opposite membrane surfaces by proteolysis and MS. Extracellular-exposed caveolae-specific proteins CD36 and copper-containing amine oxidase were concealed inside the vesicles and resisted trypsin treatment. The cytosol-orientated caveolins were efficiently digested by trypsin, producing peptides amenable to direct MS sequencing. Isolation of peripheral proteins associated with the cytosolic surface of caveolae revealed a set of proteins that contained nuclear localization signals, leucine-zipper domains and PEST (amino acid sequence enriched in proline, glutamic acid, serine and threonine) domains implicated in regulation by proteolysis. In particular, PTRF (polymerase I and transcript release factor) was found as a major caveolae-associated protein and its co-localization with caveolin was confirmed by immunofluorescence confocal microscopy. PTRF was present at the surface of caveolae in the intact form and in five different truncated forms. Peptides (44 and 45 amino acids long) comprising both the PEST domains were sequenced by nanospray-quadrupole-time-of-flight MS from the full-length PTRF, but were not found in the truncated forms of the protein. Two endogenous cleavage sites corresponding to calpain specificity were identified in PTRF; one of them was in a PEST domain. Both cleavage sites were flanked by mono- or diphosphorylated sequences. The phosphorylation sites were localized to Ser-36, Ser-40, Ser-365 and Ser-366 in PTRF. Caveolae of human adipocytes are proposed to function in targeting, relocation and proteolytic control of PTRF and other PEST-domain-containing signalling proteins.

  • 320.
    Aboulaich, Nabila
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Cell Biology. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Vener, Alexander V
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Cell Biology. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Strålfors, Peter
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Cell Biology. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Hormonal control of reversible translocation of perilipin B to the plasma membrane in primary human adipocytes2006In: Journal of Biological Chemistry, ISSN 0021-9258, E-ISSN 1083-351X, Vol. 281, no 17, p. 11446-11449Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    In adipocytes, perilipin coats and protects the central lipid droplet, which stores triacylglycerol. Alternative mRNA splicing gives rise to perilipin A and B. Hormones such as catecholamines and insulin regulate triacylglycerol metabolism through reversible serine phosphorylation of perilipin A. It was recently shown that perilipin was also located in triacylglycerol-synthesizing caveolae of the plasma membrane. We now report that perilipin at the plasma membrane of primary human adipocytes was phosphorylated on a cluster of threonine residues (299, 301, and 306) within an acidic domain that forms part of the lipid targeting domain. Perilipin B comprised <10% of total perilipin but was the major isoform associated with the plasma membrane of human adipocytes. This association was controlled by insulin and catecholamine: perilipin B was specifically depleted from the plasma membrane in response to the catecholamine isoproterenol, while insulin increased the amount of threonine phosphorylated perilipin at the plasma membrane. The reversible translocation of perilipin B to and from the plasma membrane in response to insulin and isoproterenol, respectively, suggests a specific function for perilipin B to protect newly synthesized triacylglycerol in the plasma membrane.

  • 321.
    Aboulazze, Nawal
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering. Linköping University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences.
    Nordström, Frida
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering. Linköping University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences.
    Exklusiva varumärkens strategier kring digitala kundrelationer: Hur svenska exklusiva varumärken skapar kundrelationer via sociala medier2022Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (One Year)), 20 credits / 30 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Background: Today, more and more companies in the fashion and interior design industry are choosing to sell their products online. As a result, companies’ interactions and marketing are mostly digital towards the customer. This new era of digitisation for companies signifies a major change in terms of new forms of marketing and customer interactions. In the past, high-end companies have mainly used sales assistants in physical stores to convey the feeling of luxury to the customer, which challenges this industry in a digital context. Furthermore, today's high-end companies are expected to be transparent about their sustainability and environmental impact in their communications with customers, which at the same time entails a greater risk of criticism. The study will further explore the challenges faced by nine high-end companies in creating and maintaining customer relationships in a digital context.

     

    Purpose of the study: The purpose of this study is to describe and analyze how Swedish high-end companies create and maintain relationships with their customers through social media. The study will later contribute with conclusions on how the Swedish high-end companies should act to improve their relationship with their customers through social media.

    Methodology: This case study has a qualitative research strategy. A hermeneutic scientific perspective has been chosen with inductive elements. The qualitative data collection consists of semi-structured interviews with ten respondents from nine Swedish, high-end companies in the fashion and interior design industry.

    Conclusion: The results of the study presents that the Swedish high-end companies create and maintain relationships with their customers through parasocial interactions on social media. This is performed through digital strategies such as storytelling, sensory marketing, word of mouth, CRM and value creation. Aspects that challenge the digital relationship building of high-end companies are the size of the firm, exclusion of the senses, time constraints and capital. Furthermore, the study shows that the companies should increase their transparency regarding sustainability towards their customers in order to achieve greater reliability.

    Download full text (pdf)
    fulltext
  • 322. Order onlineBuy this publication >>
    Abouzeedan, Adli
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering. Linköping University, The Institute of Technology.
    SME Performance and Its Relationship to Innovation2011Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    Current SME performance models suffer from a number of disadvantages. The models use intensively a business ratio approach, they look at SMEs as a homogenous group, they consider firms to be closed systems, they do not directly incorporate the impact of an enterprise’s innovation activities, and finally they are complex and rely on sophisticated statistical refining methods making them unpractical to use by SME managers. There are four major challenges when one tries to build SME performance models that lack these deficiencies. The first challenge is that the desired performance evaluation model must optimally incorporate both quantitative and qualitative input. The second challenge is that the model must incorporate non-financial input parameters, such as firm size and age (among others), in the performance evaluation models. The third is that the model must consider the variety of SMEs as concerns their business sectors, nationalities, sizes, and ages. The final challenge is that the model must be able to utilize existing limited information available from the SMEs bookkeeping practices in an optimal way.

    The thesis addresses three questions related to constructing a better SMEperformance model, namely (1) What are the advantages and disadvantages of the existing models used in evaluating SME performance? (2) What characterizes a comprehensive model for measuring SME performance with acknowledgement of the firm’s innovation activities? (3) How can a firm’s innovation activities be enhanced in relation to the firm’s external environment?

    To construct a model that copes with these challenges, I used a literature-based selection of parameters as well as a theory-based selection. I used both a conceptual approach and an empirical approach to discuss and propose a model, the Survival Index Value (or SIV) model, as an alternative to the existing performance models for SMEs.

    The major contributions of this thesis to the field of SME performance can be summarized in three outcomes: the SIV model as a new model of SME performance evaluation, the ASPEM as a new tool for strategic utilization of SME performance models, and a new approach to account for innovation in relation to the external environment of the firm using the IBAM tool.

    The work adds to the theory of the firm, as it presents a new way of evaluating firm performance. It also contributes to bridging the theory of the firm to organizational theory, by elevating the significance of networking and its impact on SME efficiency.

    List of papers
    1. Typology Analysis of Performance Models of Small and Medium-Size Enterprises (SMEs)
    Open this publication in new window or tab >>Typology Analysis of Performance Models of Small and Medium-Size Enterprises (SMEs)
    2004 (English)In: International Journal of Entrepreneurship, ISSN 1099-9264, E-ISSN 1939-4675, Vol. 2, no 1-2, p. 155-177Article in journal (Refereed) Published
    Abstract [en]

    A number of firm performance models are available. Reviewing these models and pointing out their individual strengths and weaknesses, would help both academic researchers and professional users to understand and appreciate how and when to use these various models. The theoretical models for Small and Medium-size Enterprise (SME) performance can be divided into two categories: firm dynamics theories and performance prediction models. In the first part of this paper we review, in a condensed manner, the most relevant firm dynamic theories, i.e. SME's performance models. These include: Stochastic Theories, Learning Model Theories and Hazard Modeling Theories. In the second part of this paper, we examine the performance prediction models of SMEs, which include Z-Scores, ZETA-Scores, Neural Networks (NN) and the SIV® models, among others. The strengths and weaknesses of each of these models are exposed and discussed.

    Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
    SpringerLink, 2004
    Keywords
    small and medium-size enterprises - survival index value - SIV® model - Z-scores - neural networks
    National Category
    Economics and Business
    Identifiers
    urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-71336 (URN)10.1023/B:JIEN.0000026911.03396.2d (DOI)
    Available from: 2011-10-12 Created: 2011-10-12 Last updated: 2017-12-08Bibliographically approved
    2. ASPEM as the New Topographic Analysis Tool for Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises (SMEs) Performance Models Utilization
    Open this publication in new window or tab >>ASPEM as the New Topographic Analysis Tool for Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises (SMEs) Performance Models Utilization
    2005 (English)In: International Journal of Entrepreneurship, ISSN 1099-9264, E-ISSN 1939-4675, Vol. 3, no 1, p. 53-70Article in journal (Refereed) Published
    Abstract [en]

    Quantifying and measuring small firm performance is vital in our understanding of how internationalization influences firm performance. That is also important when attempting to grasp the mechanisms of the internationalization processes. There are few methods used for the evaluation of performance of Small and Medium-sized Enterprise (SMEs). These methods can be either macro or micro economic in nature. Hazard Modeling, Stochastic Models, and Learning Models are examples of macro economic models while Z-Scores, ZETA-Scores, Neural Networks, and the SIV® model are examples of micro models. Choosing the most suitable performance model is an essential step in order to maximize our knowledge in relation to firm performance. Utilizing SMEs performance measures without thinking about the category of model, will bias the outcome of the majority of SMEs studies. However, using firm performance diverse models in an efficient manner requires strategic thinking. In this paper, we are re-introducing a tool that can accommodate that aspect. Abouzeedan (2002) designated the new tool: the Arena of SMEs Performance Models or an ASPEM diagram. The horizontal axis in the diagram indicates the Information Intensity Requirements of the model. The vertical axis indicates the Coverage Intensity of the model varying from an individual firm up to a whole group of firms. By allocating each of the SMEs performance models, at the suitable region of the ASPEM Diagram, researchers can better build a sound strategy for the application of these methods.

    Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
    SpringerLink, 2005
    Keywords
    Arena of SMEs performance models, ASPEM - SIV® model, Zeta-scores, ZETA-scores, neural networks, stochastic theories, hazard modeling
    National Category
    Economics and Business
    Identifiers
    urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-71337 (URN)10.1007/s10843-005-0305-4 (DOI)
    Available from: 2011-10-12 Created: 2011-10-12 Last updated: 2017-12-08Bibliographically approved
    3. Analysis of Swedish Fishery Company Using SIV® Model: A Case Study
    Open this publication in new window or tab >>Analysis of Swedish Fishery Company Using SIV® Model: A Case Study
    2004 (English)In: Journal of Enterprising Culture, ISSN 0218-4958, Vol. 12, no 4, p. 277-301Article in journal (Refereed) Published
    Abstract [en]

    In his original work of the Survival Index Value (SIV®) model, Dr. Adli Abouzeedan proposed a new parameter, which he named as the Survival Index (SI) (see Abouzeedan, 2001; Abouzeedan and Busler, 2002a). The new parameter is used to evaluate the performance of Small and Medium-size Enterprises (SMEs) utilizing firm survivability as an indicator. The SI is calculated using an equation known as Survival Index (SI) Value Equation or SIE. In this paper, we applied the SIV® model to run an analysis on a very young Swedish firm and up to our knowledge, for the first time. The firm is a small one, working within a business sector defined as "fish preparation industry". This particular enterprise had a bad performance through its short life. The purpose of this study is to truly determine if the SIV® model has the capacity to indicate the performance of the firm. The case study presented in this work showed the valuable analytical power of the new model since it succeeded in giving a clear indication of the worsening situation of the enterprise. During the SIV® analysis of this Swedish firm new concepts have been introduced which do increase the practicality and analytical capacity of the model.

    Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
    World Scientific Publishing Co., 2004
    National Category
    Economics and Business
    Identifiers
    urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-71340 (URN)10.1142/S0218495804000154 (DOI)
    Available from: 2011-10-12 Created: 2011-10-12 Last updated: 2017-12-08Bibliographically approved
    4. Innovation Balance Matrix: an application in the Arab countries
    Open this publication in new window or tab >>Innovation Balance Matrix: an application in the Arab countries
    2006 (English)In: World Review of Entrepreneurship, Management and Sustainable Development, ISSN 1746-0573, E-ISSN 1746-0581, Vol. 2, no 3, p. 270-280Article in journal (Refereed) Published
    Abstract [en]

    Economies have different levels of entrepreneurial activities depending on the availability of tangible as well as intangible resources. In their working paper, Abouzeedan and Busler (2004) established a new type of capital, adding up the components of the most important types of capital. These are the human capital, financial capital and the system capital. In that paper, the two researchers defined each of the components and explained what they meant with those terminologies. They called this new type of capital, innovation capital. The two researchers have argued that innovation capital can be used as an indicator for the degree of richness of the entrepreneurial environment in a region and thus the general character of the economy. They also introduced the Innovation Balance Matrix or IBAM as an analytical tool to classify economies based on their entrepreneurial conditions. In this extended work, they have used this analysis and tried to apply it to Arab countries using a general knowledge and deductive approach to the issue. They conclude the paper with some recommendations as how to enrich the innovation capital in that region.

    Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
    Inderscience Enterprises Limited, 2006
    Keywords
    Human capital; financial capital; system capital; innovation capital; innovation balance matrix; IBAM; Arab countries; Middle East; entrepreneurship.
    National Category
    Economics and Business
    Identifiers
    urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-71341 (URN)10.1504/WREMSD.2006.009893 (DOI)
    Available from: 2011-10-12 Created: 2011-10-12 Last updated: 2017-12-08Bibliographically approved
    5. Entrepreneurial policies and the innovation balance matrix: the case of the Arab countries
    Open this publication in new window or tab >>Entrepreneurial policies and the innovation balance matrix: the case of the Arab countries
    2007 (English)In: Science,Technology and Sustainability in the Middle East and North Africa: Section III: Science Technology and Innovation / [ed] Allam Ahmed, Inderscience Enterprises Limited , 2007, p. 158-175Chapter in book (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The issue of the connection between economic progress and the entrepreneurial environment has been investigated by researchers using diverse approaches. One way to investigate the question is to use deductive analysis regarding the forms of capital contributing to the entrepreneurial environment of society. Adli Abouzeedan and Michael Busler were the first to introduce the concept of 'Innovation Capital'. The two researchers argued that Innovation Capital can be used as an indicator for the degree of richness of the entrepreneurial environment. In the same paper, the researchers also introduced the Innovation Balance Matrix (IBAM) as an analytical tool to classify economies based on their entrepreneurial conditions, applying it across the globe. In a later work, the two researchers tried to run a similar IBAM analysis focusing on the Arab world. The two writers found that the best solution to the lack of individual entrepreneurial economies in that region is through what they called the 'additive solution'. In this work, we take their argument deeper and look at the kind of policies that would achieve that solution.

    Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
    Inderscience Enterprises Limited, 2007
    Series
    Globalisation, Technology and Sustainable Development Book Series
    National Category
    Economics and Business
    Identifiers
    urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-71342 (URN)0-907776-30-2 (ISBN)0-907776-32-9 (ISBN)
    Available from: 2011-10-12 Created: 2011-10-12 Last updated: 2011-11-21Bibliographically approved
    6. Managing Innovation in a Globalised Economy: Defining the Open Capital
    Open this publication in new window or tab >>Managing Innovation in a Globalised Economy: Defining the Open Capital
    2009 (English)In: World Sustainable Development Outlook 2009. The Impact of the Global Financial Crisis on the Environment, Energy and Sustainable Development / [ed] Allam Ahmed, World Association for Sustainable Development , 2009, p. 287-294Chapter in book (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Economies develop different levels of entrepreneurial capacity depending on the degree of availability of tangible as well as intangible resources. In an earlier work by Abouzeedan and Busler (2006), a new type of capital, that is, innovation capital, has been suggested to serve as an indicator for the degree of richness of the entrepreneurial environment in an economy. Innovation capital incorporates the concepts of human capital, financial capital and system capital. However, the issue of accessibility and openness in the innovation process also need to be reflected in the innovation capital concept. Innovation activities in the modern economies are growing to become more interconnected and open in their nature. In this paper, we defined and incorporated a new component within the innovation capital, namely open capital. We also reflected on how the four components of the innovation capital concept, including the open capital, are interconnected.

    Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
    World Association for Sustainable Development, 2009
    Keywords
    Open Capital, Human Capital, Financial Capital, System Capital, Innovation Capital, Open Innovation, Open Innovation Management
    National Category
    Economics and Business
    Identifiers
    urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-71344 (URN)978-1-907106-05-7 (ISBN)
    Available from: 2011-10-12 Created: 2011-10-12 Last updated: 2011-11-21Bibliographically approved
    7. Analysis of a Swedish High Technology SME Using the Survival Index Value (SIV) Model
    Open this publication in new window or tab >>Analysis of a Swedish High Technology SME Using the Survival Index Value (SIV) Model
    2011 (English)In: Paper Sessions, Workshops and Special Meetings: The 56th ICSB World Conference, Stockholm, Sweden, 15th and 18th of June, ICSB , 2011, p. 170-179Conference paper, Published paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    One of the major deficiencies in the existing Small and Medium-sized Enterprises’ (SMEs) performance evaluation models is the fact that they lack a clear coupling to the issue of innovation and its impact on performance. A possible candidate model which could achieve this is the Survival Index Value (SIV) model. The model has a parameter incorporated in its structure, the technology-intake. This parameter can be used as an indicator of the degree of innovativeness of the firm. Previous works using the model looked at general performance without specific focus on innovation activities of the firm and without relating that to aspects of survival and growth. In this paper the aim was to demonstrate the ability of the SIV model to indicate a positive overall performance due to the intensive investment of a selected firm in innovation activities.

    The enterprise analyzed, Autoadapt AB, is a Swedish high technology firm working in adapting cars and automobiles to handicapped people. Due to the nature of their activities the firm has a high level of innovation input to be able to solve the complex problems related to usage of cars by disabled people. Both the product development process and managing the activities around it requires a high level of innovativeness and ingenuity. As thus the firm presented a very interesting object to study. The study has a clear significance as there is a need to differentiate the performance of innovation-intensive enterprises from firms who are using less investment in innovation in their activities. This can be done by considering the investment in new technologies both as product development and/or as investing in absorption of external management, product or process innovation. Applying the SIV model to run this analysis can help to demonstrate the need to incorporate the technology intake as an essential component of SME’s performance model.

    The results indicated that the SIVmodel is able to predict correctly the performance of the object firm. By having mostly positive survival factor values, which are single data-points, during years of operation, and also having mostly positive survivability coefficient values, which are agglomerate data-points, the SIVmodel proved its abilities. Clearly, the model has a good potential to be developed and fine-tuned even more. The SIV model can be tested further to look at deviations in performance of firms among different sectors and relates that to the innovativeness of whole sectors.

    Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
    ICSB, 2011
    Keywords
    small and medium-sized enterprises, SMEs, performance evaluation models, SIV model
    National Category
    Economics and Business
    Identifiers
    urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-71345 (URN)978-0-9819028-3-8 (ISBN)0-9819028-3-9 (ISBN)
    Conference
    ICSB 2011 World Conference Date: June 15-18, 2011, Stockholm Waterfront Congress Center, Stockholm, Sweden
    Available from: 2011-10-12 Created: 2011-10-12 Last updated: 2016-05-04Bibliographically approved
    Download full text (pdf)
    SME Performance and Its Relationship to Innovation
    Download (pdf)
    omslag
  • 323.
    Abouzeedan, Adli
    et al.
    Amana Commercial Consultants, Partille, Sweden.
    Busler, Michael
    Pennsylvania State University USA.
    Analysis of Swedish Fishery Company Using SIV® Model: A Case Study2004In: Journal of Enterprising Culture, ISSN 0218-4958, Vol. 12, no 4, p. 277-301Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    In his original work of the Survival Index Value (SIV®) model, Dr. Adli Abouzeedan proposed a new parameter, which he named as the Survival Index (SI) (see Abouzeedan, 2001; Abouzeedan and Busler, 2002a). The new parameter is used to evaluate the performance of Small and Medium-size Enterprises (SMEs) utilizing firm survivability as an indicator. The SI is calculated using an equation known as Survival Index (SI) Value Equation or SIE. In this paper, we applied the SIV® model to run an analysis on a very young Swedish firm and up to our knowledge, for the first time. The firm is a small one, working within a business sector defined as "fish preparation industry". This particular enterprise had a bad performance through its short life. The purpose of this study is to truly determine if the SIV® model has the capacity to indicate the performance of the firm. The case study presented in this work showed the valuable analytical power of the new model since it succeeded in giving a clear indication of the worsening situation of the enterprise. During the SIV® analysis of this Swedish firm new concepts have been introduced which do increase the practicality and analytical capacity of the model.

  • 324.
    Abouzeedan, Adli
    et al.
    Amana Commercial Consultants, Partille, Sweden.
    Busler, Michael
    Pennsylvania State University, Great Valley Graduate Center, Malvern, PA 19355.
    ASPEM as the New Topographic Analysis Tool for Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises (SMEs) Performance Models Utilization2005In: International Journal of Entrepreneurship, ISSN 1099-9264, E-ISSN 1939-4675, Vol. 3, no 1, p. 53-70Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Quantifying and measuring small firm performance is vital in our understanding of how internationalization influences firm performance. That is also important when attempting to grasp the mechanisms of the internationalization processes. There are few methods used for the evaluation of performance of Small and Medium-sized Enterprise (SMEs). These methods can be either macro or micro economic in nature. Hazard Modeling, Stochastic Models, and Learning Models are examples of macro economic models while Z-Scores, ZETA-Scores, Neural Networks, and the SIV® model are examples of micro models. Choosing the most suitable performance model is an essential step in order to maximize our knowledge in relation to firm performance. Utilizing SMEs performance measures without thinking about the category of model, will bias the outcome of the majority of SMEs studies. However, using firm performance diverse models in an efficient manner requires strategic thinking. In this paper, we are re-introducing a tool that can accommodate that aspect. Abouzeedan (2002) designated the new tool: the Arena of SMEs Performance Models or an ASPEM diagram. The horizontal axis in the diagram indicates the Information Intensity Requirements of the model. The vertical axis indicates the Coverage Intensity of the model varying from an individual firm up to a whole group of firms. By allocating each of the SMEs performance models, at the suitable region of the ASPEM Diagram, researchers can better build a sound strategy for the application of these methods.

  • 325.
    Abouzeedan, Adli
    et al.
    Amana Commercial Consultants, Partille, Sweden.
    Busler, Michael
    Rowan University, 201 Mullica Hill Road, Glassboro, NJ 08028, USA.
    Entrepreneurial policies and the innovation balance matrix: the case of the Arab countries2007In: Science,Technology and Sustainability in the Middle East and North Africa: Section III: Science Technology and Innovation / [ed] Allam Ahmed, Inderscience Enterprises Limited , 2007, p. 158-175Chapter in book (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The issue of the connection between economic progress and the entrepreneurial environment has been investigated by researchers using diverse approaches. One way to investigate the question is to use deductive analysis regarding the forms of capital contributing to the entrepreneurial environment of society. Adli Abouzeedan and Michael Busler were the first to introduce the concept of 'Innovation Capital'. The two researchers argued that Innovation Capital can be used as an indicator for the degree of richness of the entrepreneurial environment. In the same paper, the researchers also introduced the Innovation Balance Matrix (IBAM) as an analytical tool to classify economies based on their entrepreneurial conditions, applying it across the globe. In a later work, the two researchers tried to run a similar IBAM analysis focusing on the Arab world. The two writers found that the best solution to the lack of individual entrepreneurial economies in that region is through what they called the 'additive solution'. In this work, we take their argument deeper and look at the kind of policies that would achieve that solution.

  • 326.
    Abouzeedan, Adli
    et al.
    Amana Commercial Consultants, Partille, Sweden.
    Busler, Michael
    Rowan University, 201 Mullica Hill Road, Glassboro, NJ 08028, USA.
    Innovation Balance Matrix: an application in the Arab countries2006In: World Review of Entrepreneurship, Management and Sustainable Development, ISSN 1746-0573, E-ISSN 1746-0581, Vol. 2, no 3, p. 270-280Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Economies have different levels of entrepreneurial activities depending on the availability of tangible as well as intangible resources. In their working paper, Abouzeedan and Busler (2004) established a new type of capital, adding up the components of the most important types of capital. These are the human capital, financial capital and the system capital. In that paper, the two researchers defined each of the components and explained what they meant with those terminologies. They called this new type of capital, innovation capital. The two researchers have argued that innovation capital can be used as an indicator for the degree of richness of the entrepreneurial environment in a region and thus the general character of the economy. They also introduced the Innovation Balance Matrix or IBAM as an analytical tool to classify economies based on their entrepreneurial conditions. In this extended work, they have used this analysis and tried to apply it to Arab countries using a general knowledge and deductive approach to the issue. They conclude the paper with some recommendations as how to enrich the innovation capital in that region.

  • 327.
    Abouzeedan, Adli
    et al.
    Amana Commercial Consultants, Partille, Sweden.
    Busler, Michael
    Pennsylvania State University, Great Valley Graduate Center, Malvern, PA 19355, USA.
    Typology Analysis of Performance Models of Small and Medium-Size Enterprises (SMEs)2004In: International Journal of Entrepreneurship, ISSN 1099-9264, E-ISSN 1939-4675, Vol. 2, no 1-2, p. 155-177Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    A number of firm performance models are available. Reviewing these models and pointing out their individual strengths and weaknesses, would help both academic researchers and professional users to understand and appreciate how and when to use these various models. The theoretical models for Small and Medium-size Enterprise (SME) performance can be divided into two categories: firm dynamics theories and performance prediction models. In the first part of this paper we review, in a condensed manner, the most relevant firm dynamic theories, i.e. SME's performance models. These include: Stochastic Theories, Learning Model Theories and Hazard Modeling Theories. In the second part of this paper, we examine the performance prediction models of SMEs, which include Z-Scores, ZETA-Scores, Neural Networks (NN) and the SIV® models, among others. The strengths and weaknesses of each of these models are exposed and discussed.

  • 328.
    Abouzeedan, Adli
    et al.
    University of Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Busler, Michael
    The Richard Stockton College of New Jersey, USA.
    Hedner, Thomas
    University of Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Managing Innovation in a Globalised Economy: Defining the Open Capital2009In: World Sustainable Development Outlook 2009. The Impact of the Global Financial Crisis on the Environment, Energy and Sustainable Development / [ed] Allam Ahmed, World Association for Sustainable Development , 2009, p. 287-294Chapter in book (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Economies develop different levels of entrepreneurial capacity depending on the degree of availability of tangible as well as intangible resources. In an earlier work by Abouzeedan and Busler (2006), a new type of capital, that is, innovation capital, has been suggested to serve as an indicator for the degree of richness of the entrepreneurial environment in an economy. Innovation capital incorporates the concepts of human capital, financial capital and system capital. However, the issue of accessibility and openness in the innovation process also need to be reflected in the innovation capital concept. Innovation activities in the modern economies are growing to become more interconnected and open in their nature. In this paper, we defined and incorporated a new component within the innovation capital, namely open capital. We also reflected on how the four components of the innovation capital concept, including the open capital, are interconnected.

  • 329.
    Abouzeedan, Adli
    et al.
    Innovation and Entrepreneurship, Department of Medicine Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Göteborg, Göteborg, Sweden.
    Hedner, Thomas
    Innovation and Entrepreneurship, Department of Medicine Sahlgrenska Academy, University of.
    Klofsten, Magnus
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Project Innovations and Entrepreneurship. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering. Linköping University, HELIX Competence Centre.
    Innovation and entrepreneurship – new themes for new times2010In: Annals of Innovation & Entrepreneurship, ISSN 2000-7396, E-ISSN 2000-7396, ISSN ISSN 2000-7396, Vol. 1, no 1, p. 1-3Article in journal (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    Throughout history, innovators and entrepreneurs have had a tremendous impact on development, exploration, trade, education, science, and integration. During the 20th century, innovation and entrepre-neurship have been regarded as key drivers in technological progress and productivity development worldwide. New radical innovations from new fields of knowledge such as information and communication technologies and biotechnology have emerged to influence everyday life for most people. Realizing this, policy makers as well as individuals argue that innovative and entrepreneurial change processes need to be further implemented on the micro as well as macro levels in society (Abouzeedan, Busler, & Hedner, 2009; Busenitz, Gomez, & Spencer, 2000). The study of innovation is therefore likely to be an increasingly important topic in, for example, economics, business, entrepreneurship, tech-nology, engineering, medicine, environmental biology, sociology, design, and reregional development (cf. Etzkowitz & Klofsten, 2005).

    Download full text (pdf)
    fulltext
  • 330.
    Abouzeedan, Adli
    et al.
    Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Klofsten, Magnus
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Project management, Innovations and Entrepreneurship . Linköping University, The Institute of Technology.
    Hedner, Thomas
    Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Analysis of a Swedish High Technology SME Using the Survival Index Value (SIV) Model2011In: Paper Sessions, Workshops and Special Meetings: The 56th ICSB World Conference, Stockholm, Sweden, 15th and 18th of June, ICSB , 2011, p. 170-179Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    One of the major deficiencies in the existing Small and Medium-sized Enterprises’ (SMEs) performance evaluation models is the fact that they lack a clear coupling to the issue of innovation and its impact on performance. A possible candidate model which could achieve this is the Survival Index Value (SIV) model. The model has a parameter incorporated in its structure, the technology-intake. This parameter can be used as an indicator of the degree of innovativeness of the firm. Previous works using the model looked at general performance without specific focus on innovation activities of the firm and without relating that to aspects of survival and growth. In this paper the aim was to demonstrate the ability of the SIV model to indicate a positive overall performance due to the intensive investment of a selected firm in innovation activities.

    The enterprise analyzed, Autoadapt AB, is a Swedish high technology firm working in adapting cars and automobiles to handicapped people. Due to the nature of their activities the firm has a high level of innovation input to be able to solve the complex problems related to usage of cars by disabled people. Both the product development process and managing the activities around it requires a high level of innovativeness and ingenuity. As thus the firm presented a very interesting object to study. The study has a clear significance as there is a need to differentiate the performance of innovation-intensive enterprises from firms who are using less investment in innovation in their activities. This can be done by considering the investment in new technologies both as product development and/or as investing in absorption of external management, product or process innovation. Applying the SIV model to run this analysis can help to demonstrate the need to incorporate the technology intake as an essential component of SME’s performance model.

    The results indicated that the SIVmodel is able to predict correctly the performance of the object firm. By having mostly positive survival factor values, which are single data-points, during years of operation, and also having mostly positive survivability coefficient values, which are agglomerate data-points, the SIVmodel proved its abilities. Clearly, the model has a good potential to be developed and fine-tuned even more. The SIV model can be tested further to look at deviations in performance of firms among different sectors and relates that to the innovativeness of whole sectors.

  • 331.
    Abouzeedan, Adli
    et al.
    University of Gothenburg.
    Klofsten, Magnus
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Project management, Innovations and Entrepreneurship . Linköping University, The Institute of Technology.
    Hedner, Thomas
    University of Gothenburg.
    Implementing the SIV Model on an Intensively Innovation-Oriented Firm: The Case of Autoadapt AB2012In: World Journal of Entrepreneurship, Management and Sustainable Development, ISSN 2042-5961, Vol. 8, no 2/3, p. 122-145Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Small to medium-sized enterprise (SME) evaluation models lack a clear coupling to innovation and its impact on firm performance. A model which can achieve this is the Survival Index Value (SIV) model. The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate the ability of the SIV model to indicate and predict the performance of a company. The firm, Autoadapt AB, is an innovation-oriented enterprise, adapting personal cars to be driven by handicapped people. The authors knew in advance about the good performance of the firm and its high efficiency in conducting its operations and expected the SIV model to reflect correctly on Autoadapt's performance. Because the handicap degree of each of the individuals who benefit from the firm activities differs from one person to another, product solutions have to be individually designed. Therefore the firm has had to pursue a high level of innovativeness and it had to abide with this policy right from the start. The product development processes in the firm needed to adapt to such strategies.

    To be able to demonstrate the ability of the SIV model to indicate a positive performance due to the intensive innovation activities of Autoadapt AB, a case study approach was used. Case studies are very suited for in-depth analysis of an object under a longer period of time. It is a widely-used research method in firm performance studies.

    The results of the SIV analysis indicated that the model is able to project correctly the performance of the object firm. At all the four levels of analysis, i.e. SI values, the SPI slope, the survival factors, and the survivability coefficients, the SIV analysis performance indicated a stable positive development of the firm through the life time of the enterprise.

    Measuring performance of SMEs is an important issue. There are couple of models stemming from the traditional accountancy disciplines in use; however these models suffer from clear disadvantages. Recently a new model, the SIV model, was introduced and has shown the ability of being a better candidate for performance analysis. The paper demonstrates the ability of the SIV model to judge correctly the performance of an innovative firm.

  • 332.
    Aboyans, Victor
    et al.
    Dupuytren University Hospital.
    Criqui, Michael
    University of California, USA.
    Abraham, Pierre
    University Hospital of Angers, France.
    Allison, Matthew
    University of California, USA.
    Creager, Mark
    Brigham and Women’s Hospital, USA.
    Diehm, Curt
    Karlsbad Clinic/University of Heidelberg, Germany.
    Fowkes, Gerry
    University of Edinburgh, UK.
    Hiatt, William
    University of Colorado, USA.
    Jönsson, Björn
    Linköping University, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Thoracic Surgery. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Heart and Medicine Center, Department of Thoracic and Vascular Surgery.
    Lacroix, Philippe
    Limoges University, France.
    Marin, Benoit
    Limoges Teaching Hospital, France.
    McDermott, Mary
    Northwestern University,USA.
    Norgren, Lars
    University Hospital, Örebro, Sweden.
    Pande, Reena
    Brigham and Women’s Hospital, USA.
    Preux, Pierre-Marie
    University of Limoges, France.
    Stoffers, H.E.
    Maastricht University, Netherlands.
    Treat-Jacobsson, Diane
    University of Minnesota, USA.
    Measurement and interpretation of the ankle-brachial index: a scientific statement from the Ammerican Heart Association2012In: Circulation, ISSN 0009-7322, E-ISSN 1524-4539Article in journal (Refereed)
  • 333.
    Abraham, Abel
    Linköping University, Department of Social and Welfare Studies.
    Om konsten att sälja: En studie om hur företag försöker nå yngre konsumenter2010Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [sv]

    I dagens konsumtion och mediesamhälle bombarderas den unga individen av reklam. Det är utifrån detta förstårligt att man konstruerar en mur där man helt enkelt säger stopp till reklamen. Dock stoppar dtet ainte företagen som då försöker komma över denna mur  och på så sätt nå konsumenten.

    Syftet med studien är att belysa vilka uppfattningar marknadsförare har angående ungdomar som målgrupp och hur man utifrån det försöker nå denna målgrupp. Vilka tillvägagångssätt använder sig marknadsförarna av och hur övertygar de konsumenten?

    I analysen framkommer det tre diskurser är av väsentlig betydelse. Dessa diskurser tar upp den unga konsumentens situation och levnadsvillkor, retorikens betydelse för hur man påverkan konsumenterna och användandet av kommunikationsmedel för att nå målgruppen.

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  • 334.
    Abraham, Michael
    Linköping University, Department of Computer and Information Science, Software and Systems.
    Effektivare fordonsdiagnostik över CAN-bussen genom UDS2020Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10,5 credits / 16 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Cars are getting more technically advanced and more ECUs are being developed that results in increased safety and comfort, and a lower environmental impact. This leads to a complex work to test and verify that all the different ECUs are functioning as intended in various situations. Vehicle diagnostics often requires software from third parties that are often expensive. Syntronic AB are currently using software with a much larger functionality than needed to perform vehicle diagnostics and much of the unneces-sary functionality in the software leads to unnecessarily long runtimes for the program. By studying CAN and UDS and analyzing how they interact, I was able to create a software by systematically developing the software with two interfaces connected to each computer and continuously testing the implementation against the theoretical basis and then finally testing the software in a vehicle. The created software was better suited to the needs of the company and the more functionality-adapted software could perform the same diagnostics faster than the company’s current software. The most used UDS-service by the company could be implemented and the created software enabled more UDS services to be added without modifications of the main program or its features.

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  • 335.
    Abraham-Nordling, Mirna
    et al.
    Karolinska institutet.
    Persson, Bengt
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Bioinformatics. Linköping University, The Institute of Technology.
    Nordling, Erik
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Bioinformatics. Linköping University, The Institute of Technology.
    Model of the complex of Parathyroid hormone-2receptor and Tuberoinfundibular peptide of39 residues2010In: BMC Reseach Notes, ISSN 1756-0500, Vol. 3, no 270Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Background

    We aim to propose interactions between the parathyroid hormone-2 receptor (PTH2R) and its ligand the tuberoinfundibular peptide of 39 residues (TIP39) by constructing a homology model of their complex. The two related peptides parathyroid hormone (PTH) and parathyroid hormone related protein (PTHrP) are compared with the complex to examine their interactions.

    Findings

    In the model, the hydrophobic N-terminus of TIP39 is buried in a hydrophobic part of the central cavity between helices 3 and 7. Comparison of the peptide sequences indicates that the main discriminator between the agonistic peptides TIP39 and PTH and the inactive PTHrP is a tryptophan-phenylalanine replacement. The model indicates that the smaller phenylalanine in PTHrP does not completely occupy the binding site of the larger tryptophan residue in the other peptides. As only TIP39 causes internalisation of the receptor and the primary difference being an aspartic acid in position 7 of TIP39 that interacts with histidine 396 in the receptor, versus isoleucine/histidine residues in the related hormones, this might be a trigger interaction for the events that cause internalisation.

    Conclusions

    A model is constructed for the complex and a trigger interaction for full agonistic activation between aspartic acid 7 of TIP39 and histidine 396 in the receptor is proposed.

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  • 336.
    Abrahams, M
    et al.
    Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Linköping University, Department of Medicine and Care, Anaesthesiology.
    Eriksson, H
    Björnström, Karin
    Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Linköping University, Department of Medicine and Care, Anaesthesiology. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, MKC - Medicin och kirurgicentrum, Anestesi.
    Eintrei, Christina
    Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Linköping University, Department of Medicine and Care, Anaesthesiology. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, MKC - Medicin och kirurgicentrum, Anestesi.
    Effects of propofol on extracellular acidification rates in primary cortical cell cultures: application of silicon microphysiometry to anaesthesia.1999In: British Journal of Anaesthesia, ISSN 0007-0912, E-ISSN 1471-6771, Vol. 83, p. 567-569Article in journal (Refereed)
  • 337.
    Abrahams, M
    et al.
    Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Linköping University, Department of Medicine and Care, Anaesthesiology. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, MKC - Medicin och kirurgicentrum, Anestesi.
    Sjöberg, Folke
    Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Linköping University, Department of Biomedicine and Surgery, Plastic Surgery, Hand Surgery and Burns. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Reconstruction Centre, Department of Plastic Surgery, Hand surgery UHL.
    Oscarsson, Anna
    Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Linköping University, Department of Medicine and Care, Anaesthesiology. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, MKC - Medicin och kirurgicentrum, Anestesi.
    Sundqvist, Tommy
    Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Linköping University, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Medical Microbiology.
    The effects of human burn injury on urinary nitrate excretion. 1999In: Burns, ISSN 0305-4179, E-ISSN 1879-1409, Vol. 25, p. 29-33Article in journal (Refereed)
  • 338.
    Abrahamson, Olivia
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Thematic Studies, Technology and Social Change.
    Larsson, Kristina
    Linköping University, Department of Thematic Studies, Technology and Social Change.
    Små kliv i rätt riktning: Tillvägagångssätt för att inkludera barnperspektiv och barns perspektiv i kommunal planering2020Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Present conditions for urban and regional planning have resulted in children's democratic and physical space in development plans being smaller than what is stipulated in Children’s Rights Convention. The purpose of this study is to understand what challenges, deficiencies and opportunities there are when including children’s needs in physical planning in Sweden. The study is based on two research questions where this is further specified. The theoretical framework is the concepts of “child perspective”, “child's perspective” and “children's best interests”. The data has been gathered trough the two qualitative methods document study and interview and compiled through a thematic analysis. This work has resulted in three central conclusions regarding challenges, deficiencies and opportunities. With these conclusions we argue that the approach to children’s competence as well as structural and practical conditions are crucial for successfully including issues concerning children in planning.

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  • 339.
    Abrahamsson, Annelie
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of Surgery, Orthopedics and Oncology. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Region Östergötland, Center for Surgery, Orthopaedics and Cancer Treatment, Department of Oncology.
    Capodanno, Alessandra
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of Surgery, Orthopedics and Oncology. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Region Östergötland, Center for Surgery, Orthopaedics and Cancer Treatment, Department of Oncology.
    Rzepecka, Anna
    Linköping University, Department of Medical and Health Sciences. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Region Östergötland, Center for Diagnostics, Department of Radiology in Linköping.
    Dabrosin, Charlotta
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of Surgery, Orthopedics and Oncology. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Region Östergötland, Center for Surgery, Orthopaedics and Cancer Treatment, Department of Oncology.
    Downregulation of tumor suppressive microRNAs in vivo in dense breast tissue of postmenopausal women2017In: Oncotarget, E-ISSN 1949-2553, Vol. 8, no 54, p. 92134-92142Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Women with dense breast tissue on mammography are at higher risk of developing breast cancer but the underlying mechanisms are not well understood. De-regulation of microRNAs (miRNAs) has been associated with the onset of breast cancer. miRNAs in the extracellular space participate in the regulation of the local tissue microenvironment. Here, we recruited 39 healthy postmenopausal women attending their mammography-screen that were assessed having extreme dense or entirely fatty breasts (nondense). Microdialysis was performed in breast tissue and a reference catheter was inserted in abdominal subcutaneous fat for local sampling of extracellular compounds. Three miRNAs, associated with tumor suppression, miR-193b, miR-365a, and miR-452 were significantly down-regulated in dense breast tissue compared with nondense breast tissue. In addition, miR-452 exhibited significant negative correlations with several pro-inflammatory cytokines in vivo, which was confirmed in vitro by overexpression of miR-452 in breast cancer cells. No differences were found of miR-21, -29a, -30c, 146a, -148a, -203, or -451 in breast tissue and no miRs were different in plasma. Extracellular miRNAs may be among factors that should be included in studies of novel prevention strategies for breast cancer.

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  • 340.
    Abrahamsson, Annelie
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of Clinical Sciences. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences.
    Dabrosin, Charlotta
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of Clinical Sciences. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Region Östergötland, Center for Surgery, Orthopaedics and Cancer Treatment, Department of Oncology.
    Tissue specific expression of extracellular microRNA in human breast cancers and normal human breast tissue in vivo2015In: Oncotarget, E-ISSN 1949-2553, Vol. 6, no 26, p. 22959-22969Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Extracellular circulating microRNAs (miRNAs) have been suggested to be biomarkers for disease monitoring but data are inconsistent, one reason being that blood miRNA is of heterogeneous origin. Here, we sampled extracellular microRNAs locally in situ using microdialysis. Three different cohorts of women were included; postmenopausal women with ongoing breast cancer investigated within the cancer and in normal adjacent breast tissue, postmenopausal women investigated in their normal healthy breast and subcutaneous fat before and after six weeks of tamoxifen therapy, premenopausal women during the menstrual cycle. Samples were initially screened using TaqMan array cards with subsequently absolute quantification. 124 miRNA were expressed in microdialysates. After absolute quantifications extracellular miRNA-21 was found to be significantly increased in breast cancer. In addition, the levels were significantly higher in pre-menopausal breast tissue compared with postmenopausal. In breast tissue of pre-menopausal women miRNA-21 exhibited a cyclic variation during the menstrual cycle and in postmenopausal women six weeks of tamoxifen treatment decreased miRNA-21 suggesting that this miRNA may be important for breast carcinogenesis. None of these changes were found in plasma or microdialysates from subcutaneous fat. Our data revealed tissue specific changes of extracellular circulating miRNAs that would be otherwise unraveled using blood samples.

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  • 341.
    Abrahamsson, Annelie
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Oncology. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Morad, Vivian
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Saarinen, Niina M
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Oncology. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Dabrosin, Charlotta
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Oncology. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Centre for Surgery, Orthopaedics and Cancer Treatment, Department of Oncology UHL.
    Estradiol, Tamoxifen, and Flaxseed Alter IL-1 beta and IL-1Ra Levels in Normal Human Breast Tissue in Vivo2012In: Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism, ISSN 0021-972X, E-ISSN 1945-7197, Vol. 97, no 11, p. E2044-E2054Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Introduction: Sex steroid exposure increases the risk of breast cancer by unclear mechanisms. Diet modifications may be one breast cancer prevention strategy. The proinflammatory cytokine family of IL-1 is implicated in cancer progression. IL-1Ra is an endogenous inhibitor of the proinflammatory IL-1 alpha and IL-1 beta. less thanbrgreater than less thanbrgreater thanObjective: The objective of this study was to elucidate whether estrogen, tamoxifen, and/or diet modification altered IL-1 levels in normal human breast tissue. less thanbrgreater than less thanbrgreater thanDesign and Methods: Microdialysis was performed in healthy women under various hormone exposures, tamoxifen therapy, and diet modifications and in breast cancers of women before surgery. Breast tissue biopsies from reduction mammoplasties were cultured. less thanbrgreater than less thanbrgreater thanResults: We show a significant positive correlation between estradiol and in vivo levels of IL-1 beta in breast tissue and abdominal sc fat, whereas IL-1Ra exhibited a significant negative correlation with estradiol in breast tissue. Tamoxifen or a dietary addition of 25 g flaxseed per day resulted in significantly increased levels of IL-1Ra in the breast. These results were confirmed in ex vivo culture of breast biopsies. Immunohistochemistry of the biopsies did not reveal any changes in cellular content of the IL-1s, suggesting that mainly the secreted levels were affected. In breast cancer patients, intratumoral levels of IL-1 beta were significantly higher compared with normal adjacent breast tissue. less thanbrgreater than less thanbrgreater thanConclusion: IL-1 may be under the control of estrogen in vivo and may be attenuated by antiestrogen therapy and diet modifications. The increased IL-1 beta in breast cancers of women strongly suggests IL-1 as a potential therapeutic target in breast cancer treatment and prevention.

  • 342.
    Abrahamsson, Annelie
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of Surgery, Orthopedics and Oncology. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Region Östergötland, Center for Surgery, Orthopaedics and Cancer Treatment, Department of Oncology.
    Rzepecka, Anna
    Linköping University, Department of Medical and Health Sciences. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Region Östergötland, Center for Diagnostics, Department of Radiology in Linköping.
    Dabrosin, Charlotta
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of Surgery, Orthopedics and Oncology. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Region Östergötland, Center for Surgery, Orthopaedics and Cancer Treatment, Department of Oncology.
    Equal Pro-inflammatory Profiles of CCLs, CXCLs, and Matrix Metalloproteinases in the Extracellular Microenvironment In Vivo in Human Dense Breast Tissue and Breast Cancer2018In: Frontiers in Immunology, E-ISSN 1664-3224, Vol. 8, article id 1994Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The inflammatory microenvironment affects breast cancer progression. Proteins that govern the inflammatory response are secreted into the extracellular space, but this compartment still needs to be characterized in human breast tissues in vivo. Dense breast tissue is a major risk factor for breast cancer by yet unknown mechanisms and no non-toxic prevention for these patients exists. Here, we used the minimal invasive technique of microdialysis for sampling of extracellular proteins in live tissues in situ in breast cancers of women before surgery and in healthy women having dense or non-dense breast tissue on mammography. Proteins were profiled using a proximity extension assay. Out of the 32 proteins assessed, 26 exhibited similar profiles in breast cancers and dense breast tissues; CCL-4, -7, -8, -11, -15, -16, -22, -23, and -25, CXCL-5, -8, -9, -16 as well as sIL-6R, IL-18, vascular endothelial growth factor, TGF-a, fibroblast growth factor 19, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-1, -2, -3, and urokinase-type plasminogen activator were all increased, whereas CCL-3, CX3CL1, hepatocyte growth factor, and MMP-9 were unaltered in the two tissues. CCL-19 and -24, CXCL-1 and -10, and IL-6 were increased in dense breast tissue only, whereas IL-18BP was increased in breast cancer only. Our results provide novel insights in the inflammatory microenvironment in human breast cancer in situ and define potential novel therapeutic targets. Additionally, we show previously unrecognized similarities of the pro-inflammatory microenvironment in dense breast tissue and breast cancer in vivo suggesting that anti-inflammatory breast cancer prevention trials for women with dense breast tissue may be feasible.

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  • 343.
    Abrahamsson, Annelie
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of Surgery, Orthopedics and Oncology. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Region Östergötland, Center for Surgery, Orthopaedics and Cancer Treatment, Department of Oncology.
    Rzepecka, Anna
    Region Östergötland, Center for Diagnostics, Department of Radiology in Linköping. Linköping University, Department of Medical and Health Sciences. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences.
    Dabrosin, Charlotta
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of Surgery, Orthopedics and Oncology. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Region Östergötland, Center for Surgery, Orthopaedics and Cancer Treatment, Department of Oncology.
    Increased nutrient availability in dense breast tissue of postmenopausal women in vivo2017In: Scientific Reports, E-ISSN 2045-2322, Vol. 7, article id 42733Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Metabolic reprogramming is a hallmark of cancer. Nutrient availability in the tissue microenvironment determines cellular events and may play a role in breast carcinogenesis. High mammographic density is an independent risk factor for breast cancer. Whether nutrient availability differs in normal breast tissues with various densities is unknown. Therefore we investigated whether breast tissues with various densities exhibited differences in nutrient availability. Healthy postmenopausal women from the regular mammographic screening program who had either predominantly fatty breast tissue (nondense), n = 18, or extremely dense breast tissue (dense), n = 20, were included. Microdialysis was performed for the in vivo sampling of amino acids (AAs), analyzed by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectroscopy, glucose, lactate and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in breast tissues and, as a control, in abdominal subcutaneous (s.c.) fat. We found that dense breast tissue exhibited significantly increased levels of 20 proteinogenic AAs and that 18 of these AAs correlated significantly with VEGF. No differences were found in the s.c. fat, except for one AA, suggesting tissue-specific alterations in the breast. Glucose and lactate were unaltered. Our findings provide novel insights into the biology of dense breast tissue that may be explored for breast cancer prevention strategies.

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  • 344.
    Abrahamsson, Annelie
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of Clinical Sciences. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Region Östergötland, Center for Surgery, Orthopaedics and Cancer Treatment, Department of Oncology.
    Rzepecka, Anna
    Region Östergötland, Center for Diagnostics, Department of Radiology in Linköping.
    Romu, Thobias
    Linköping University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Medical Informatics. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering. Linköping University, Center for Medical Image Science and Visualization (CMIV).
    Borga, Magnus
    Linköping University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Medical Informatics. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering. Linköping University, Center for Medical Image Science and Visualization (CMIV).
    Dahlqvist Leinhard, Olof
    Linköping University, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Division of Radiological Sciences. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Region Östergötland, Center for Surgery, Orthopaedics and Cancer Treatment, Department of Radiation Physics. Linköping University, Center for Medical Image Science and Visualization (CMIV).
    Lundberg, Peter
    Region Östergötland, Center for Surgery, Orthopaedics and Cancer Treatment, Department of Radiation Physics. Linköping University, Center for Medical Image Science and Visualization (CMIV). Linköping University, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Division of Radiological Sciences. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences.
    Kihlberg, Johan
    Linköping University, Center for Medical Image Science and Visualization (CMIV). Linköping University, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Division of Radiological Sciences. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Region Östergötland, Center for Diagnostics, Department of Radiology in Linköping.
    Dabrosin, Charlotta
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of Clinical Sciences. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Region Östergötland, Center for Surgery, Orthopaedics and Cancer Treatment, Department of Oncology.
    Dense breast tissue in postmenopausal women is associated with a pro-inflammatory microenvironment in vivo2016In: Oncoimmunology, ISSN 2162-4011, E-ISSN 2162-402X, Vol. 5, no 10, article id e1229723Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Inflammation is one of the hallmarks of carcinogenesis. High mammographic density has been associated with increased risk of breast cancer but the mechanisms behind are poorly understood. We evaluated whether breasts with different mammographic densities exhibited differences in the inflammatory microenvironment.Postmenopausal women attending the mammography-screening program were assessed having extreme dense, n = 20, or entirely fatty breasts (nondense), n = 19, on their regular mammograms. Thereafter, the women were invited for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), microdialysis for the collection of extracellular molecules in situ and a core tissue biopsy for research purposes. On the MRI, lean tissue fraction (LTF) was calculated for a continuous measurement of breast density. LTF confirmed the selection from the mammograms and gave a continuous measurement of breast density. Microdialysis revealed significantly increased extracellular in vivo levels of IL-6, IL-8, vascular endothelial growth factor, and CCL5 in dense breast tissue as compared with nondense breasts. Moreover, the ratio IL-1Ra/IL-1 was decreased in dense breasts. No differences were found in levels of IL-1, IL-1Ra, CCL2, leptin, adiponectin, or leptin:adiponectin ratio between the two breast tissue types. Significant positive correlations between LTF and the pro-inflammatory cytokines as well as between the cytokines were detected. Stainings of the core biopsies exhibited increased levels of immune cells in dense breast tissue.Our data show that dense breast tissue in postmenopausal women is associated with a pro-inflammatory microenvironment and, if confirmed in a larger cohort, suggests novel targets for prevention therapies for women with dense breast tissue.

  • 345.
    Abrahamsson, Annelie
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Division of Surgery, Orthopedics and Oncology. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Region Östergötland, Center for Surgery, Orthopaedics and Cancer Treatment, Department of Oncology.
    Vazquez Rodriguez, Gabriela
    Linköping University, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Division of Surgery, Orthopedics and Oncology. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Region Östergötland, Center for Surgery, Orthopaedics and Cancer Treatment, Department of Oncology.
    Dabrosin, Charlotta
    Linköping University, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Division of Surgery, Orthopedics and Oncology. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Region Östergötland, Center for Surgery, Orthopaedics and Cancer Treatment, Department of Oncology.
    Fulvestrant-Mediated Attenuation of the Innate Immune Response Decreases ER+ Breast Cancer Growth In Vivo More Effectively than Tamoxifen2020In: Cancer Research, ISSN 0008-5472, E-ISSN 1538-7445, Vol. 80, no 20, p. 4487-4499Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Although blocking estrogen-dependent signaling is a cornerstone of adjuvant treatment for breast cancer, 25% of patients experience recurrent disease. Stroma events including innate immune responses are key in cancer progression. How different estrogen receptor (ER)-targeting therapies, including the partial agonist tamoxifen and the pure antagonist fulvestrant, affect the tumor stroma has not yet been elucidated. Fulvestrant is used in only postmenopausal patients, and its effects in the presence of estradiol remain undetermined. Here we observe that fulvestrant decreases ER+ breast cancer growth compared with tamoxifen in the presence of physiologic levels of estradiol in human breast cancer in nude mice and in murine breast cancer in immune-competent mice. Fulvestrant significantly inhibited macrophage and neutrophil infiltration in both models. These effects were corroborated in a zebrafish model where fulvestrant inhibited neutrophil- and macrophage-dependent cancer cell dissemination more effectively than tamoxifen. A comprehensive analysis of 234 human proteins released into the cancer microenvironment by the cancer cells sampled via microdialysis in vivo revealed that 38 proteins were altered following both treatments; 25 of these proteins were associated with immune response and were altered by fulvestrant only. Compared with tamoxifen, fulvestrant significantly affected inflammatory proteins released by murine stroma cells. Importantly, in vivo microdialysis of human ER+ breast cancer revealed that the majority of affected proteins in murine models were upregulated in patients. Together, these results suggest that fulvestrant targets ER+ breast cancer more effectively than tamoxifen even in the presence of estradiol, mainly by attenuation of the innate immune response. Significance: These findings demonstrate novel effects of the pure antiestrogen fulvestrant in ERthorn breast cancer and evaluate its effects under physiologic levels of estradiol, representative of premenopausal patients.

  • 346.
    Abrahamsson, Bertil
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Economics.
    Ljungberg, Erik
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Economics.
    Vad är en bantad balansräkning?2004Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Magister)Student thesis
    Abstract [sv]

    Bakgrund: Under senare år har det blivit vanligare att företagen i tidningsartiklar och årsredovisningar talar om att de har ”bantat” sin balansräkning. Företag använder begreppet i flera olika sammanhang och för att signalera att åtgärder som är positiva för företagen genomförts. Innebörden och konsekvensen av de åtgärder som vidtagits i företagen varierar dock kraftigt.

    Syfte: Syftet med vår magisteruppsats är att utreda vilken innebörd begreppet ”bantade” balansräkningar har för ett antal företag inom olika branscher.

    Genomförande: I undersökningen valde vi ut företag noterade på Stockholmsbörsen som offentliggjort att de genomfört bantningar av sina balansräkningar. Genom att studera tidningsartiklar och årsredovisningar har vi utrönt vilka åtgärder som vidtagits av företagen samt effekterna av de genomförda åtgärderna.

    Resultat: En bantning av en balansräkning innebär att åtgärder för att minska tillgångsmassan skett. Vilka dessa åtgärder är och vilket syftet med dem är varierar dock kraftigt. Några exempel på åtgärder som företagen utfört är extra aktieutdelningar, sale and lease back, outsourcing, försäljning av dotterbolag och återköp av egna aktier. Användningen av begreppet sker mycket godtyckligt. Effekterna av åtgärderna varierar, några vi funnit är minskad skuldsättning, ökad skuldsättning, minskade tillgångar och ökad lönsamhet.

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  • 347.
    Abrahamsson, Björn
    Linköping University, Department of Electrical Engineering.
    Architectures for Multiplication in Galois Rings2004Independent thesis Basic level (professional degree)Student thesis
    Abstract [en]

    This thesis investigates architectures for multiplying elements in Galois rings of the size 4^m, where m is an integer.

    The main question is whether known architectures for multiplying in Galois fields can be used for Galois rings also, with small modifications, and the answer to that question is that they can.

    Different representations for elements in Galois rings are also explored, and the performance of multipliers for the different representations is investigated.

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  • 348.
    Abrahamsson, David
    Linköping University, Department of Computer and Information Science.
    Security Enhanced Firmware Update Procedures in Embedded Systems2008Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (Two Years)), 20 credits / 30 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Many embedded systems are complex, and it is often required that the firmware in these systems are updatable by the end-user. For economical and confidentiality reasons, it is important that these systems only accept firmware approved by the firmware producer.

    This thesis work focuses on creating a security enhanced firmware update procedure that is suitable for use in embedded systems. The common elements of embedded systems are described and various candidate algorithms are compared as candidates for firmware verification. Patents are used as a base for the proposal of a security enhanced update procedure. We also use attack trees to perform a threat analysis on an update procedure.

    The results are a threat analysis of a home office router and the proposal of an update procedure. The update procedure will only accept approved firmware and prevents reversion to old, vulnerable, firmware versions. The firmware verification is performed using the hash function SHA-224 and the digital signature algorithm RSA with a key length of 2048. The selection of algorithms and key lengths mitigates the threat of brute-force and cryptanalysis attacks on the verification algorithms and is believed to be secure through 2030.

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  • 349.
    Abrahamsson, Daysury
    Linköping University, Department for Studies of Social Change and Culture.
    Colombianer på bioduken: Representationen av tre Hollywoodproducerade actionfilmer2009Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 20 credits / 30 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    The purpose of the thesis was to analyse three action films; Collateral Damage from 2002; Clear and Present Danger from 1994; and Scarface from 1983, in order to see how Colombians are represented in these movies.The action genre comprises of different stereotypes where the hero and the villain are represented in conjunction to each other. The analysis is about the way the films content and form are used to uphold the representation of Colombians, but also the villain and the hero more generally.

    Critical Discourse Analysis was used, as main method, and the concepts of denotation and connotation guided the analysis. . The main conclusion is that the three movies reproduced an already established collective stereotype of Latin Americans, stereotype that includes both Colombia and Colombians.

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  • 350.
    Abrahamsson, Hanna
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Business Administration. Linköping University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences.
    Larsson, Louise
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Business Administration. Linköping University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences.
    Media - makt att sätta företags agenda?: En kvantitativ studie om medias makt att påverka företags hållbarhetsredovisningar2016Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (One Year)), 20 credits / 30 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Introduction Lately, there has been a significant increase in sustainability related issues in media, while companies increasingly are reporting on sustainability. Media has a central role in today's society, and sustainability is emerging as one of the most contemporary issues in the business industry. Studies with a combination of media and sustainability are a fruitful field for future research.

    Purpose The aim of this study is to explain the relationship between medias sustainability exposure of companies and these companies' establishment and extent of a sustainability report.

    Method This quantitative study is pursued through a deductive approach in which the hypotheses are formulated with a background in existing theories. A cross-sectional design is used to measure the presence and the variation of a given phenomena at a certain time. Secondary data is used as the empirical basis. The study focuses on companies listed at Nasdaq Stockholm.

    Conclusion The results of this study indicate that medias' sustainability exposure of companies affects companies' establishment and extent of a sustainability report. Size, industry, profitability and number of subsidiaries are also significant factors. We have found that media is a primary factor in explaining why companies choose to report on sustainability issues. For every news story about a given company in a sustainability context – the likelihood of that company establishing a sustainability report is increased by 2,491. This study also proves that increased media exposure leads to a more extensive sustainability reporting.

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