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  • 51.
    Almer, Sven
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Gastroenterology and Hepatology . Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Hjortswang, Henrik
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Gastroenterology and Hepatology . Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Hindorf , U
    Lund University.
    6-Thioguanine therapy in Crohns disease-Observational data in Swedish patients2009In: Digestive and Liver Disease, ISSN 1590-8658, E-ISSN 1878-3562, Vol. 41, no 3, p. 194-200Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Background and aims: Adverse events (AE) leading to discontinuation or dose-reduction of thiopurine therapy (TP) occur in 9-28% of patients with inflammatory bowel disease. 6-Thioguanine (6-TG) has been proposed as an alternative treatment in patients intolerant for azathioprine (AZA), but some concerns have been raised about drug safety.

    Methods: We evaluated in a prospective manner the tolerance and efficacy of 6-TG in 23 Crohns disease (CD) patients (13 men, median age 41 (19-65) years) with prior intolerance (n = 18) or resistance (It = 5) to AZA and/or 6-mercaptopurine (6-MP). In addition, eight patients had tried mycophenolate mofetil. Seventeen patients (74%) had undergone intestinal resection, often several times.

    Results: Patients were treated with a median daily dose of 40 mg 6-TG (range 20-60) for 259 (15-2272) days. Seven of 13 patients (54%) with active disease went into remission after 8 (4-26) weeks. Sixteen patients (70%) experienced AE that lead to discontinuation (n=10) after 85 (15-451) days or dose reduction (n=6) after 78 (10-853) days. Ten of 18 patients (56%) with prior TP-intolerance discontinued 6-TG treatment due to AE compared to none of five patients with TP-resistance (p=0.046). Of 13 patients that tolerated 6-TG, eight discontinued the drug due to therapeutic failure (n=5) or safety concerns (n=3). Eight patients (35%) continued treatment beyond 12 months. There was no significant difference in maximum thioguanine nucleotide levels between patients with AE leading to discontinuation/dose reduction and patients without AE, 652 (99-2488) vs. 551 (392-1574) pmol/8 x 10(8) RBC; p=0.80.

    Conclusions: In this cohort of CD patients with severe disease failing traditional thiopurine treatment, a small fraction (22%) had long-term benefit of 6-TG-treatment. 6-TG therapy seems to offer a limited therapeutic gain for patients intolerant to both AZA and 6-MP and other treatment options should be considered.

  • 52. de Boer, NKH
    et al.
    Reinisch, W
    Teml, A
    van Bodegraven, AA
    Schwab, M
    Lukas, M
    Ochsenkuhn, T
    Petritsch, W
    Knoflach, P
    Almer, Sven
    Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Gastroenterology and Hepatology . Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Centre for Medicine, Department of Endocrinology and Gastroenterology UHL.
    van der Merwe, SW
    Herrlinger, KR
    Seiderer, J
    Vogelsang, H
    Mulder, CJJ
    6-thioguanine treatment in inflammatory bowel disease: A critical appraisal by a European 6-TG working party2006In: Digestion, ISSN 0012-2823, E-ISSN 1421-9867, Vol. 73, no 1, p. 25-31Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Recently, the suggestion to use 6-thioguanine (6-TG) as an alternative thiopurine in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) has been discarded due to reports about possible (hepato) toxicity. During meetings arranged in Vienna and Prague in 2004, European experts applying 6-TG further on in IBD patients presented data on safety and efficacy of 6-TG. After thorough evaluation of its risk-benefit ratio, the group consented that 6-TG may still be considered as a rescue drug in stringently defined indications in IBD, albeit restricted to a clinical research setting. As a potential indication for administering 6-TG, we delineated the requirement for maintenance therapy as well as intolerance and/or resistance to aminosalicylates, azathioprine, 6-mercaptopurine, methotrexate and infliximab. Furthermore, indications are preferred in which surgery is thought to be inappropriate. The standard 6-TG dosage should not exceed 25 mg daily. Routine laboratory controls are mandatory in short intervals. Liver biopsies should be performed after 6-12 months, three years and then three-yearly accompanied by gastroduodenoscopy, to monitor for potential hepatotoxicity, including nodular regenerative hyperplasia (NRH) and veno-occlusive disease (VOD). Treatment with 6-TG must be discontinued in case of overt or histologically proven hepatotoxicity. Copyright (c) 2006 S. Karger AG, Basel.

  • 53.
    Li, Wei
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Pharmacology. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Johnson, Henrik
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Experimental Pathology. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Yuan, Xi-Ming
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Experimental Pathology. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Jonasson, Lena
    Linköping University, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    7beta-hydroxycholesterol induces natural killer cell death via oxidative lysosomal destabilization2009In: Free radical research, ISSN 1071-5762, E-ISSN 1029-2470, Vol. 43, no 11, p. 1072-1079Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Peripheral natural killer (NK) cells are reduced in patients with coronary artery disease and highly susceptible to apoptosis induced by oxidized lipids including 7beta-hydroxycholesterol (7betaOH) in vitro. The present study aimed to further explore the mechanisms behind 7betaOH-mediated cytotoxicity to human NK cells. Human NK cells were purified and treated with 7betaOH in different concentrations and times. Cell death, lysosomal and mitochondrial permeabilization and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production were then analysed. The 7betaOH induced time and dose dependent apoptosis and necrosis in human NK cells, which was preceded by loss of lysosomal integrity and enhanced ROS production. At later time points, the mitochondrial membrane permeability in 7betaOH-treated cells was significantly increased. The findings indicate that 7betaOH induces human NK cell death through early lysosomal permeabilization and consequent oxidative stress. The data further suggest that 7betaOH may induce immune disturbances in clinical settings such as atherosclerosis.

  • 54.
    Li, Wei
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Medicine and Health Sciences, Clinical Pharmacology . Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Johnson, Henrik
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Experimental Pathology . Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Yuan, Ximing
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Jonasson, Lena
    Linköping University, Department of Medicine and Health Sciences, Cardiology . Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Heart Centre, Department of Cardiology.
    7-beta-hydroxycholesterol induces natural killer cell death via oxidative lysosomal destalization.2009Conference paper (Refereed)
  • 55.
    Li, Wei
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Pharmacology. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Johnson, Henrik
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Experimental Pathology. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Yuan, Xi-Ming
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Experimental Pathology. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Jonasson, Lena
    Linköping University, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Internal Medicine. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Heart Centre, Department of Cardiology.
    7ß-hydroxycholesterol induces natural killer cell death via oxidative lysosomal destabilization2009In: Free radical research, ISSN 1071-5762, E-ISSN 1029-2470, Vol. 43, no 11, p. 1072-1079Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Peripheral natural killer (NK) cells are reduced in patients with coronary artery disease and highly susceptible to apoptosis induced by oxidized lipids including 7beta-hydroxycholesterol (7betaOH) in vitro. The present study aimed to further explore the mechanisms behind 7betaOH-mediated cytotoxicity to human NK cells. Human NK cells were purified and treated with 7betaOH in different concentrations and times. Cell death, lysosomal and mitochondrial permeabilization and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production were then analysed. The 7betaOH induced time and dose dependent apoptosis and necrosis in human NK cells, which was preceded by loss of lysosomal integrity and enhanced ROS production. At later time points, the mitochondrial membrane permeability in 7betaOH-treated cells was significantly increased. The findings indicate that 7betaOH induces human NK cell death through early lysosomal permeabilization and consequent oxidative stress. The data further suggest that 7betaOH may induce immune disturbances in clinical settings such as atherosclerosis.

  • 56.
    Fazli Yeknami, Ali
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Electrical Engineering, Electronic Devices. Linköping University, The Institute of Technology.
    Alvandpour, Atila
    Linköping University, Department of Electrical Engineering, Electronic Devices. Linköping University, The Institute of Technology.
    A 0.7-V 600-nW 87-dB SNDR DT-Delta Sigma Modulator with Partly Body-Driven and Switched Op-amps for Biopotential Signal Acquisition2012In: 2012 IEEE BIOMEDICAL CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS CONFERENCE (BIOCAS): INTELLIGENT BIOMEDICAL ELECTRONICS AND SYSTEM FOR BETTER LIFE AND BETTER ENVIRONMENT, IEEE , 2012, p. 336-339Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    A 0.7 V third-order DT Delta Sigma modulator is presented in this paper for measurement of biopotential signals in portable medical applications. Switched-opamp technique has been adopted in this design to eliminate the critical switches, which leads to low-voltage and low-power consumption. The modulator employs new partially body-driven gain-enhanced amplifiers for low-voltage operation in order to compensate the dc gain degradation. Switched-opamp approach is embedded in amplifiers and CMFB circuits to reduce the power consumption. The major building blocks, such as the proposed Class AB gain-enhanced amplifiers and the low-voltage comparator, use body-biased p-MOS to reduce the threshold voltage, thus providing more voltage headroom in the low voltage environment. Noise analysis, as a critical step in the design of a high resolution ADC, is also provided. Designed in a 65nm CMOS technology, the modulator achieves 87 dB peak SNDR over a 500 Hz signal bandwidth, while it consumes 600-nW from a 0.7 V supply.

  • 57.
    Angelov, Pavel
    et al.
    AnaCatum Design AB, S-58330 Linkoping, Sweden.
    Ahmed Aamir, Syed
    Heidelberg University, Germany.
    Wikner, Jacob
    Linköping University, Department of Electrical Engineering, Electronics System. Linköping University, The Institute of Technology.
    A 1.1-V Analog Multiplexer With an Adaptive Digital Clamp for CMOS Video Digitizers2014In: IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems - II - Express Briefs, ISSN 1549-7747, E-ISSN 1558-3791, Vol. 61, no 11, p. 860-864Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    We present the design of an integrated multiplexer and a dc clamp for the input analog interface of a high-speed video digitizer in the 1.1-V 65-nm complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor process. The ac-coupled video signal is dc restored using a novel all-digital current-mode charge pump. An eight-input multiplexer is realized with T-switches, each containing two series-connected bootstrapped switches. A T-switchs grounding branch is merged with the pull-down end of the clamping charge pump. An adaptive digital feedback loop encompassing a video analog-to-digital converter (ADC) controls the clamp charge pump. The bootstrapped switches have been adapted to suit the video environment, allowing on-the-fly recharging. The varying ON-resistance of the conventional bootstrapped switch is utilized to linearize the multiplexer response by canceling the effect of the nonlinear load capacitance contributed by the clamp transistors. Under worst case conditions, the multiplexer maintains a 62-85-dB spurious-free dynamic range over a range of known input video frequencies, and it reduces the second-order harmonic component upon optimization. The dc clamp provides 12-bit precision over the full range of the video ADC and can set the dc at the target level for at most 194 video lines.

  • 58.
    Nyström, Christine Delisle
    et al.
    Novum, Sweden; Childrens Hosp, Canada.
    Sandin, Sven
    Karolinska Inst, Sweden; Icahn Sch Med Mt Sinai, NY 10029 USA; Seaver Autism Ctr Res and Treatment Mt Sinai, NY 10029 USA.
    Henriksson, Pontus
    Novum, Karolinska Institutet, Sweden; PROFITH, University Granada, Spain.
    Henriksson, Hanna
    Univ Granada, Spain.
    Maddison, Ralph
    Deakin Univ, Australia.
    Löf, Marie
    Linköping University, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Division of Community Medicine. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Novum, Karolinska Institutet, Sweden.
    A 12-month follow-up of a mobile-based (mHealth) obesity prevention intervention in pre-school children: the MINISTOP randomized controlled trial2018In: BMC Public Health, E-ISSN 1471-2458, Vol. 18, article id 658Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Background: To date, few mobile health (mHealth) interventions aimed at changing lifestyle behaviors have measured long term effectiveness. At the 6-month follow-up the MINISTOP trial found a statistically significant intervention effect for a composite score comprised of fat mass index (FMI) as well as dietary and physical activity variables; however, no intervention effect was observed for FMI. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate if the MINISTOP intervention 12-months after baseline measurements: (i) improved FMI and (ii) had a maintained effect on a composite score comprised of FMI and dietary and physical activity variables. Methods: A two-arm parallel randomized controlled trial was conducted in 315 healthy 4.5 year old children between January 2014 and October 2015. Parents of the participating children either received the MINISTOP intervention or a basic pamphlet on dietary and physical activity behaviors (control group). After 6 months, participants did not have access to the intervention content and were measured again 6 months later (i.e. the 12-month follow-up). The Wilcoxon rank-sum test was then used to examine differences between the groups. Results: At the 12-month follow-up, no statistically significant difference was observed between the intervention and control groups for FMI (p = 0.57) and no maintained effect for the change in composite score was observed (mean +/- standard deviation for the intervention and control group: + 0.53 +/- 1.49 units and + 0.35 +/- 1.27 units respectively, p = 0.25 between groups). Conclusions: The intervention effect observed at the 6-month follow-up on the composite score was not maintained at the 12-month follow-up, with no effect on FMI being observed at either follow-up. Future studies using mHealth are needed to investigate how changes in obesity related markers in young children can be maintained over longer time periods.

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  • 59.
    Kjellman, Görel
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Department of Health and Society, Division of Physiotherapy. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Öberg, Birgitta
    Linköping University, Department of Department of Health and Society, Division of Physiotherapy. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Hensing, Gunnel
    Linköping University, Department of health and environment. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Alexanderson, Kristina
    Linköping University, Department of health and environment. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    A 12-year follow-up of subjects initially sicklisted with neck/shoulder or low back diagnoses2001In: Physiotherapy Research International, ISSN 1358-2267, E-ISSN 1471-2865, Vol. 6, no 1, p. 52-63Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Background and Purpose Neck/shoulder and low back pain are common in the Western world and can cause great personal and economic consequences, but so far there are few long term follow-up studies of the consequences of back pain, especially studies that separate the location of back pain. More knowledge is needed about different patterns of risk factors and prognoses for neck/shoulder and low back pain, respectively, and they should not be treated as similar conditions. The aim of the present study was to investigate possible long-term differences in neck/shoulder and low back symptoms, experienced over a 12-year period, with regard to work status, present health, discomfort and influence on daily activities.

    Method A retrospective cohort study of individuals sicklisted with neck/shoulder or low back diagnoses 12 years ago was undertaken. Included were all 213 people who, in 1985, lived in the municipality of Linköping, Sweden, were aged 25–34 years and who had taken at least one new period of sickleave lasting >28 days with a neck/shoulder or low back diagnosis. In 1996, a questionnaire was mailed to the 204 people who were still resident in Sweden (response rate 73%).

    Results Those initially absent with neck/shoulder diagnoses rated their present state of discomfort as worse than those sicklisted with low back diagnoses. Only 4% of the neck/shoulder group reported no present discomfort compared with 25% of the low back group. Notably, both groups reported the same duration of low back discomfort during the last year, which may indicate a higher risk for symptoms in more than one location for subjects with neck/shoulder problems.

    Conclusions Individuals with sickness absence of more than 28 days with neck/shoulder or low back diagnoses appear to be at high risk of developing long-standing symptoms, significantly more so for those initially having neck/shoulder diagnoses.

  • 60.
    Wedajo, W.
    et al.
    Armauer Hansen Research InstituteAddis Ababa, Ethiopia; Department of Biology, Jimma UniversityJimma, Ethiopia.
    Schön, Thomas
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of Microbiology and Molecular Medicine. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Kalmar County HospitalKalmar, Sweden.
    Bedru, A.
    Armauer Hansen Research InstituteAddis Ababa, Ethiopia.
    Kiros, T.
    Armauer Hansen Research InstituteAddis Ababa, Ethiopia.
    Hailu, E.
    Armauer Hansen Research Institute Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
    Mebrahtu, T.
    Armauer Hansen Research Institute Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
    Yamuah, L.
    Armauer Hansen Research Institute Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
    Angeby, K.
    Department of Clinical Microbiology MTC, Karolinska Hospital, Karolinska University HospitalStockholm, Sweden.
    Werngren, J.
    Department of Preparedness, Unit of Highly Pathogenic Microorganisms, Swedish Institute for Communicable Disease Control (SMI)Solna, Sweden.
    Onyebujoh, P.
    World Health Organization, Regional Office for Africa, Inter-country Support Team for East0/Southern AfricaHarare, Zimbabwe.
    Dagne, K.
    Addis Ababa University, Faculty of Life SciencesAddis Ababa, Ethiopia.
    Aseffa, A.
    Armauer Hansen Research Institute Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
    A 24-well plate assay for simultaneous testing of first and second line drugs against Mycobacterium tuberculosis in a high endemic setting2014In: BMC Research Notes, E-ISSN 1756-0500, Vol. 7, no 1, p. 512-Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Background: Early detection of drug resistance is one of the priorities of tuberculosis (TB) control programs as drug resistance is increasing. New molecular assays are only accessible for a minority of the second line drugs and their availability in high endemic settings is also hampered by high cost and logistic challenges. Therefore, we evaluated a previously developed method for drug susceptibility testing (DST) including both first- and second line anti-TB drugs for use in high endemic areas. Results: Baseline mycobacterial isolates from 78 consecutive pulmonary TB patients from Addis Ababa, Ethiopia who were culture positive for Mycobacterium tuberculosis at the end of a two-month directly observed treatment short course (DOTS) were included. The isolates were simultaneously tested for isoniazid, rifampicin, ethambutol, streptomycin, amikacin, kanamycin, capreomycin, ofloxacin, moxifloxacin, ethionamide and para-aminosalicylic acid susceptibility using the indirect proportion method adopted for 24-well agar plates containing Middlebrook 7H10 medium. Applying the 24-well plate assay, 43 (55.1%) isolates were resistant to one or more of the first line drugs tested (isoniazid, rifampicin and ethambutol). MDR-TB was identified in 20.5% of this selected group and there was a perfect correlation for rifampicin resistance with the results from the genotype MTBDRplus assay. All isolates were susceptible to aminoglycosides and fluoroquinolones in agreement with the genotype MTBDRsl assay. The only tested second line drug associated to resistance was ethionamide (14.1% resistant). The method was reproducible with stable results for internal controls (one multi-drug resistant (MDR) and one pan-susceptible strain (H37Rv) and DST results could be reported at two weeks. Conclusions: The 24-well plate method for simultaneous DST for first- and second line drugs was found to be reproducible and correlated well to molecular drug susceptibility tests. It is likely to be useful in high-endemic areas for surveillance as well as for the detection of second line drug resistance in targeted groups such as in those who fail empirical MDR treatment.

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  • 61.
    Ziemssen, Tjalf
    et al.
    Klinikum Carl Gustav Carus, Germany.
    Bajenaru, Ovidiu A.
    Carol Davila University of Medical and Pharm, Romania.
    Carra, Adriana
    Hospital Britanico Buenos Aires, Argentina.
    de Klippel, Nina
    Virga Jessaziekenhuis, Belgium.
    de Sa, Joao C.
    Hospital Santa Mari, Belgium.
    Edland, Astrid
    Central Hospital Buskerud, Norway.
    Frederiksen, Jette L.
    University of Copenhagen, Denmark.
    Heinzlef, Olivier
    Hop Tenon, France.
    Karageorgiou, Klimentini E.
    Gen Hospital Athens, Greece.
    Lander Delgado, Rafael H.
    Landtblom, Anne-Marie
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of Neuroscience. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Linköping University, Center for Medical Image Science and Visualization (CMIV). Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Local Health Care Services in Central Östergötland, Department of Neurology. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Local Health Care Services in West Östergötland, Department of Medical Specialist in Motala.
    Macias Islas, Miguel A.
    Central University of Guadalajara, Mexico.
    Tubridy, Niall
    Dublin City University, Ireland.
    Gilgun-Sherki, Yossi
    Teva Pharmaceut Ind Ltd, Israel.
    A 2-year observational study of patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis converting to glatiramer acetate from other disease-modifying therapies: the COPTIMIZE trial2014In: Journal of Neurology, ISSN 0340-5354, E-ISSN 1432-1459, Vol. 261, no 11, p. 2101-2111Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Studies suggest that patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) who do not benefit from other disease-modifying treatments (DMTs) may benefit from converting to glatiramer acetate (GA). COPTIMIZE was a 24-month observational study designed to assess the disease course of patients converting to GA 20 mg daily from another DMT. Eligible patients had converted to GA and had received prior DMT for 3-6 months, depending on the reasons for conversion. Patients were assessed at baseline and at 6, 12, 18, and 24 months. In total, 672 patients from 148 centers worldwide were included in the analysis. Change of therapy to GA was prompted primarily by lack of efficacy (53.6 %) or intolerable adverse events (AEs; 44.8 %). Over a 24-month period, 72.7 % of patients were relapse free. Mean annual relapse rate decreased from 0.86 [95 % confidence interval (CI) 0.81-0.91] before the change to 0.32 (95 % CI 0.26-0.40; p less than 0.0001) at last observation, while the progression of disability was halted, as the Kurtzke Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) scores remained stable. Patients improved significantly (p less than 0.05) on measures of fatigue, quality of life, depression, and cognition; mobility scores remained stable. The results indicate that changing RRMS patients to GA is associated with positive treatment outcomes.

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  • 62.
    Clark, Charlotte
    et al.
    Queen Mary University of London, England .
    Sörqvist, Patrik
    Linköping University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences. Linköping University, Department of Behavioural Sciences and Learning.
    A 3 year update on the influence of noise on performance and behavior2012In: Noise & Health, ISSN 1463-1741, E-ISSN 1998-4030, Vol. 14, no 61, p. 292-296Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The effect of noise exposure on human performance and behavior continues to be a focus for research activities. This paper reviews developments in the field over the past 3 years, highlighting current areas of research, recent findings, and ongoing research in two main research areas: Field studies of noise effects on childrens cognition and experimental studies of auditory distraction. Overall, the evidence for the effects of external environmental noise on childrens cognition has strengthened in recent years, with the use of larger community samples and better noise characterization. Studies have begun to establish exposure-effect thresholds for noise effects on cognition. However, the evidence remains predominantly cross-sectional and future research needs to examine whether sound insulation might lessen the effects of external noise on childrens learning. Research has also begun to explore the link between internal classroom acoustics and childrens learning, aiming to further inform the design of the internal acoustic environment. Experimental studies of the effects of noise on cognitive performance are also reviewed, including functional differences in varieties of auditory distraction, semantic auditory distraction, individual differences in susceptibility to auditory distraction, and the role of cognitive control on the effects of noise on understanding and memory of target speech materials. In general, the results indicate that there are at least two functionally different types of auditory distraction: One due to the interruption of processes (as a result of attention being captured by the sound), another due to interference between processes. The magnitude of the former type is related to individual differences in cognitive control capacities (e.g., working memory capacity); the magnitude of the latter is not. Few studies address noise effects on behavioral outcomes, emphasizing the need for researchers to explore noise effects on behavior in more detail.

  • 63.
    Braian, Clara
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of Microbiology and Molecular Medicine. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences.
    Svensson, Mattias
    Karolinska Institute, Sweden.
    Brighenti, Susanna
    Karolinska Institute, Sweden.
    Lerm, Maria
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of Microbiology and Molecular Medicine. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences.
    Parasa, Venkata R.
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of Microbiology and Molecular Medicine. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Karolinska Institute, Sweden.
    A 3D Human Lung Tissue Model for Functional Studies on Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection2015In: Journal of Visualized Experiments, E-ISSN 1940-087X, no 104, p. 1-9, article id e53084Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Tuberculosis (TB) still holds a major threat to the health of people worldwide, and there is a need for cost-efficient but reliable models to help us understand the disease mechanisms and advance the discoveries of new treatment options. In vitro cell cultures of monolayers or co-cultures lack the three-dimensional (3D) environment and tissue responses. Herein, we describe an innovative in vitro model of a human lung tissue, which holds promise to be an effective tool for studying the complex events that occur during infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis). The 3D tissue model consists of tissue-specific epithelial cells and fibroblasts, which are cultured in a matrix of collagen on top of a porous membrane. Upon air exposure, the epithelial cells stratify and secrete mucus at the apical side. By introducing human primary macrophages infected with M. tuberculosis to the tissue model, we have shown that immune cells migrate into the infected-tissue and form early stages of TB granuloma. These structures recapitulate the distinct feature of human TB, the granuloma, which is fundamentally different or not commonly observed in widely used experimental animal models. This organotypic culture method enables the 3D visualization and robust quantitative analysis that provides pivotal information on spatial and temporal features of host cell-pathogen interactions. Taken together, the lung tissue model provides a physiologically relevant tissue micro-environment for studies on TB. Thus, the lung tissue model has potential implications for both basic mechanistic and applied studies. Importantly, the model allows addition or manipulation of individual cell types, which thereby widens its use for modelling a variety of infectious diseases that affect the lungs.

  • 64.
    Lindgren, Christer
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Sinnescentrum, Department of Oral Surgery UHL.
    Mordenfeld, Arne
    Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Gävle, County Hospital, Sweden/Dept of Biomaterials, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Göteborg University, Sweden.
    Johansson, CB
    School of Health and Medical Sciences, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden.
    Hallman, Mats
    Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Gävle, County Hospital, Sweden/Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, Umeå University, Umeå Sweden and Center for Research and Development, Uppsala University/Gävleborg County Council, Sweden.
    A 3-year clinical follow-up of implants placed in 2 differentbiomaterials used for sinus augmentationManuscript (preprint) (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    Purpose: The aims of the present study were to compare a novel biphasic calcium phosphate (BCP) with deproteinized bovine bone (DBB) used for maxillary sinus floor augmentation (MSFA) in a split mouth design, and to perform a clinical follow-up of placed dental implants.

    Material and Methods: Nine completely edentulous patients and two partially edentulous patients with a mean age of 67 years requiring bilateral sinus augmentation were included in the study. The patients were randomized for augmentation with BCP (test) and DBB (control) in the contralateral side. After 8 months of graft healing, 62 implants with an SLActive® surface (Strauman®, Basel, Switzerland) were placed. After 3 years of graft healing core biopsies were obtained from the grafted areas for histological and histomorphometrical analysis. After 3 years of functional implant loading, implant survival/success rate, clinical indexes, radiographical examination and resonance frequency analysis (RFA) wereperformed.

    Results: The mean values of the area of newly formed bone in the biopsies was 29% ±14.3% and 32% ± 18.0% for BCP and DBB respectively and graft particles in contact with bone in the BCP group was 38% ± 10.9% compared to 44% ± 12.1% for the DBB group, showing no significant differences between the groups. The mean values of the area of BCP particles and DBB particles were 20% ± 7.5% and 24% ± 13.5% respectively (non-significant).

    Irrespective of particles used, one dental implant was lost from each group, giving an overall implant survival rate of 96.8% after 3-years of loading. Conclusion: The results of this prospective 3-year clinical and histological follow up demonstrated a similar amount of newly formed bone irrespectively of the used biomaterial. The choice of biomaterial does not seem to influence the survival rates of the implants.

  • 65.
    Lindgren, Christer
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Sinnescentrum, Department of Oral Surgery UHL.
    Mordenfeld, Arne
    Gävle County Hospital, Sweden Gothenburg University, Sweden .
    Johansson, Carina B
    University of Örebro, Sweden .
    Hallman, Mats
    Gävle County Hospital, Sweden Umeå University, Sweden Uppsala University, Sweden .
    A 3-Year Clinical Follow-up of Implants Placed in Two Different Biomaterials Used for Sinus Augmentation2012In: International Journal of Oral & Maxillofacial Implants, ISSN 0882-2786, E-ISSN 1942-4434, Vol. 27, no 5, p. 1151-1162Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Purpose: The aims of the present study were to compare a novel biphasic calcium phosphate (BCP) with deproteinized bovine bone (DBB) for maxillary sinus floor augmentation in a split-mouth design and to perform a clinical follow-up of dental implants placed in the augmented sinuses. Materials and Methods: Partially or completely edentulous patients requiring bilateral sinus augmentation were included in the study. The patients were randomized for augmentation with BCP (test) and DBB (control) in the contralateral side. Eight months after grafting, dental implants were placed. After 3 years of graft healing, core biopsy specimens were obtained from the grafted areas for histologic and histomorphometric analyses. After 3 years of functional implant loading, implant survival/success rates and clinical indices were assessed and radiographic examination and resonance frequency analysis were performed. Results: Nine completely edentulous patients and two partially edentulous patients (mean age, 67 years) who required bilateral sinus augmentation were included in the study, and 62 implants were placed. The mean values for the area of newly formed bone in the retrieved specimens were 29% +/- 14.3% and 32% +/- 18.0% for BCP and DBB, respectively; the percentage of graft particles in contact with bone was 38% +/- 10.9% in the BCP group and 44% +/- 12.1% in the DBB group (no statistical significant differences between groups). The mean values for the area of BCP particles and DBB particles were 20% +/- 7.5% and 24% +/- 13.5%, respectively (difference not significant). One dental implant was lost from each group, resulting in an overall implant survival rate of 96.8% after 3 years of loading. Conclusion: After 3 years, a similar amount of newly formed bone was present regardless of the biomaterial used. The choice of biomaterial did not seem to influence implant survival rates.

  • 66.
    Swolin-Eide, Diana
    et al.
    Gothenburg Univ, Sweden.
    Hansson, Sverker
    Gothenburg Univ, Sweden.
    Magnusson, Per
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of Microbiology and Molecular Medicine. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Region Östergötland, Center for Diagnostics, Department of Clinical Chemistry.
    A 3-year longitudinal study of skeletal effects and growth in children after kidney transplantation2018In: Pediatric Transplantation, ISSN 1397-3142, E-ISSN 1399-3046, Vol. 22, no 6, article id e13253Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    This prospective study investigated growth and skeletal development for 3years after kidney transplantation in pediatric patients, 3.4-15.0years of age. Growth, BMD, bone resorption markers (CTX and TRACP5b), bone formation markers (PINP, ALP, and osteocalcin), PTH, and vitamin D were assessed at start, 3, 12, and 36months after transplantation. Median GFR was 63 (range 37-96) mL/min/1.73m(2) after 3years. The median height SDS increased from -1.7 to -1.1, and median BMI SDS increased from -0.1 to 0.6 over 3years, which shows that transplantation had a favorable outcome on growth. Fat mass increased after transplantation at all time points, whereas lean mass increased after 1year and 3years. Total BMC increased at all time points. No changes were observed for total BMD. Bone resorption markers decreased initially after 3months and remained stable throughout the study, whereas the bone formation markers decreased initially, but successively increased over the study period. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that height SDS and BMI SDS increased, along with the increased formation markers that reveal a positive bone acquisition after kidney transplantation, which was reflected by the significant increase in total body BMC.

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  • 67.
    Thorarensen, Sebastian
    Linköping University, Department of Computer and Information Science, Software and Systems.
    A Back-End for the SkePU Skeleton Programming Library targeting the Low-Power Multicore Vision Processor Myriad 22016Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (Two Years)), 20 credits / 30 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    The SkePU skeleton programming library utilises algorithmic skeletons to offer a high-level approach for creating parallel applications. By using different back-ends, SkePU applications can run on multicore systems, GPGPU systems, and computer clusters.

    Myriad 2 is a low-power multicore vision processor for embedded systems, capable of running parallel applications energy-efficiently. Myriad 2 is heterogeneous, containing two different processor architectures and memories with different characteristics.

    In this thesis, we implement a back-end for SkePU, that allows SkePU applications to run on Myriad 2. We describe how the back-end is designed and evaluate the performance of SkePU applications running on Myriad 2. By conducting a series of benchmarks, we show that our back-end achieves enough performance to make SkePU a useful tool for creating applications for Myriad 2. We also show that SkePU applications can run more energy-efficiently on Myriad 2, compared to a GPGPU system.

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  • 68.
    Gharaee, Zahra
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Electrical Engineering, Computer Vision. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Holmquist, Karl
    Linköping University, Department of Electrical Engineering, Computer Vision. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    He, Linbo
    Linköping University, Department of Electrical Engineering, Computer Vision. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Felsberg, Michael
    Linköping University, Department of Electrical Engineering, Computer Vision. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    A Bayesian Approach to Reinforcement Learning of Vision-Based Vehicular Control2021In: 2020 25TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON PATTERN RECOGNITION (ICPR), IEEE COMPUTER SOC , 2021, p. 3947-3954Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    In this paper, we present a state-of-the-art reinforcement learning method for autonomous driving. Our approach employs temporal difference learning in a Bayesian framework to learn vehicle control signals from sensor data. The agent has access to images from a forward facing camera, which are pre-processed to generate semantic segmentation maps. We trained our system using both ground truth and estimated semantic segmentation input. Based on our observations from a large set of experiments, we conclude that training the system on ground truth input data leads to better performance than training the system on estimated input even if estimated input is used for evaluation. The system is trained and evaluated in a realistic simulated urban environment using the CARLA simulator. The simulator also contains a benchmark that allows for comparing to other systems and methods. The required training time of the system is shown to be lower and the performance on the benchmark superior to competing approaches.

  • 69.
    Byrne, Brian
    et al.
    University of New England.
    Coventry, William
    University of New England.
    Olson, Richard
    University of Colorado.
    Hulslander, Jacqueline
    University of Colorado.
    DeFries, John
    University of Colorado.
    Corley, Robin
    University of Colorado.
    Willcutt, Erik
    University of Colorado.
    Samuelsson, Stefan
    Linköping University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences. Linköping University, Department of Behavioural Sciences, Teaching and Learning in School, Teacher Education and other Educational Settings.
    A behaviour-genetic analysis of orthographic learning, spelling and decoding2008In: Journal of research in reading (Print), ISSN 0141-0423, E-ISSN 1467-9817, Vol. 31, no 1Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    As part of a longitudinal twin study of literacy and language, we conducted a behaviour-genetic analysis of orthographic learning, spelling and decoding in Grade 2 children (225 identical and 214 fraternal twin pairs) in the United States and Australia. Each variable showed significant genetic and unique environment influences. Multivariate analyses revealed very high genetic correlations among the variables, indicating that the same genes are involved in their aetiology. These genes are partly independent of those contributing to intelligence. A further analysis indicated that the covariation between decoding and orthographic learning is mediated by shared genes rather than by a direct causal path. The authors argue that a learning parameter, most directly assessed by orthographic learning in this study, underlies all three literacy variables. The results are also discussed in relation to Share's self-teaching hypothesis, which may require modification. © United Kingdom Literacy Association 2008.

  • 70.
    Bergkvist, Liza
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Chemistry. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Sandin, Linnea
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of Cell Biology. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences.
    Kågedal, Katarina
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of Cell Biology. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences.
    Brorsson, Ann-Christin
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Chemistry. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    A beta PP processing results in greater toxicity per amount of A beta(1-42) than individually expressed and secreted A beta(1-42) in Drosophila melanogaster2016In: BIOLOGY OPEN, ISSN 2046-6390, Vol. 5, no 8, p. 1030-1039Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The aggregation of the amyloid-beta (A beta) peptide into fibrillar deposits has long been considered the key neuropathological hallmark of Alzheimers disease (AD). A beta peptides are generated from proteolytic processing of the transmembrane A beta precursor protein (A beta PP) via sequential proteolysis through the beta-secretase activity of beta-site A beta PP-cleaving enzyme (BACE1) and by the intramembranous enzyme gamma-secretase. For over a decade, Drosophila melanogaster has been used as a model organism to study AD, and two different approaches have been developed to investigate the toxicity caused by AD-associated gene products in vivo. In one model, the A beta peptide is directly over-expressed fused to a signal peptide, allowing secretion of the peptide into the extracellular space. In the other model, human A beta PP is co-expressed with human BACE1, resulting in production of the A beta peptide through the processing of A beta PP by BACE1 and by endogenous fly gamma-secretase. Here, we performed a parallel study of flies that expressed the A beta(1-42) peptide alone or that co-expressed A beta PP and BACE1. Toxic effects (assessed by eye phenotype, longevity and locomotor assays) and levels of the A beta(1-42), A beta(1-40) and A beta(1-38) peptides were examined. Our data reveal that the toxic effect per amount of detected A beta(1-42) peptide was higher in the flies co-expressing A beta PP and BACE1 than in the A beta(1-42)-expressing flies, and that the co-existence of A beta(1-42) and A beta(1-40) in the flies co-expressing A beta PP and BACE1 could be of significant importance to the neurotoxic effect detected in these flies. Thus, the toxicity detected in these two fly models seems to have different modes of action and is highly dependent on how and where the peptide is generated rather than on the actual level of the A beta(1-42) peptide in the flies. This is important knowledge that needs to be taken into consideration when using Drosophila models to investigate disease mechanisms or therapeutic strategies in AD research.

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  • 71.
    Zhang, Yingfeng
    et al.
    Key Laboratory of Contemporary Design and Integrated Manufacturing Technology, Ministry of Education, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Shaanxi, PR China.
    Ren, Shan
    Key Laboratory of Contemporary Design and Integrated Manufacturing Technology, Ministry of Education, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Shaanxi, PR China; Department of Mechanical Engineering, Honghe University, Yunnan, PR China.
    Liu, Yang
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Environmental Technology and Management. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering. Department of Production, University of Vaasa, Vaasa, Finland.
    Si, Shubin
    Key Laboratory of Contemporary Design and Integrated Manufacturing Technology, Ministry of Education, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Shaanxi, PR China.
    A big data analytics architecture for cleaner manufacturing and maintenance processes of complex products2017In: Journal of Cleaner Production, ISSN 0959-6526, E-ISSN 1879-1786, Vol. 142, no 2, p. 626-641Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Cleaner production (CP) is considered as one of the most important means for manufacturing enterprises to achieve sustainable production and improve their sustainable competitive advantage. However, implementation of the CP strategy was facing barriers, such as the lack of complete data and valuable knowledge that can be employed to provide better support on decision-making of coordination and optimization on the product lifecycle management (PLM) and the whole CP process. Fortunately, with the wide use of smart sensing devices in PLM, a large amount of real-time and multi-source lifecycle big data can now be collected. To make better PLM and CP decisions based on these data, in this paper, an overall architecture of big data-based analytics for product lifecycle (BDA-PL) was proposed. It integrated big data analytics and service-driven patterns that helped to overcome the above-mentioned barriers. Under the architecture, the availability and accessibility of data and knowledge related to the product were achieved. Focusing on manufacturing and maintenance process of the product lifecycle, and the key technologies were developed to implement the big data analytics. The presented architecture was demonstrated by an application scenario, and some observations and findings were discussed in details. The results showed that the proposed architecture benefited customers, manufacturers, environment and even all stages of PLM, and effectively promoted the implementation of CP. In addition, the managerial implications of the proposed architecture for four departments were analyzed and discussed. The new CP strategy provided a theoretical and practical basis for the sustainable development of manufacturing enterprises.

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  • 72.
    Zhang, Yingfeng
    et al.
    Northwestern Polytech Univ, Peoples R China.
    Ma, Shuaiyin
    Northwestern Polytech Univ, Peoples R China.
    Yang, Haidong
    Guangdong Univ Technol, Peoples R China.
    Lv, Jingxiang
    Northwestern Polytech Univ, Peoples R China.
    Liu, Yang
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Environmental Technology and Management. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering. Univ Vaasa, Finland.
    A big data driven analytical framework for energy-intensive manufacturing industries2018In: Journal of Cleaner Production, ISSN 0959-6526, E-ISSN 1879-1786, Vol. 197, p. 57-72Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Energy-intensive industries account for almost 51% of energy consumption in China. A continuous improvement in energy efficiency is important for energy-intensive industries. Cleaner production has proven itself as an effective way to improve energy efficiency and reduce energy consumption. However, there is a lack of manufacturing data due to the difficult implementation of sensors in harsh production environment, such as high temperature, high pressure, high acid, high alkali, and smoky environment which hinders the implementation of the cleaner production strategy. Thanks to the rapid development of the Internet of Things, many data can be sensed and collected in the manufacturing processes. In this paper, a big data driven analytical framework is proposed to reduce the energy consumption and emission for energy-intensive manufacturing industries. Then, two key technologies of the proposed framework, namely energy big data acquisition and energy big data mining, are utilized to implement energy big data analytics. Finally, an application scenario of ball mills in a pulp workshop of a partner company is presented to demonstrate the proposed framework. The results show that the energy consumption and energy costs are reduced by 3% and 4% respectively. These improvements can promote the implementation of cleaner production strategy and contribute to the sustainable development of energy intensive manufacturing industries.

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  • 73. Order onlineBuy this publication >>
    Agnafors, Sara
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of Neuro and Inflammation Science. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Västra Götalandsregionen, Södra Älvsborgs Sjukhus, Barn- och ungdomspsykiatriska kliniken.
    A Biopsychosocial and Long Term Perspective on Child Behavioral Problems: Impact of Risk and Resilience2016Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    Mental health has become a prominent issue in society. Yet, much remains unknown about the etiology of psychiatric disorders. The aim of the present thesis was to investigate the association between biological, psychological and social factors of risk and resilience and behavioral problems in a birth cohort of Swedish children. 1723 mothers and their children were followed from birth to the age of 12 as part of the South East Sweden Birth Cohort Study (the SESBiC study). Information was gathered through register data, standardized questionnaires and DNA samples.

    In study I, stability of maternal symptoms of depression and the impact on child behavior at age 12 were investigated. The prevalence of depressive symptoms was found to be 12.0 % postpartum. Symptoms of postpartum depression significantly increased the risk for subsequent depressive symptoms 12 years later in women. Children whose mothers reported concurrent symptoms of depression and anxiety had an increased risk for both internalizing and externalizing problems at age 12, but no long term effect on child behavior was seen for postpartum depressive symptoms. The greatest risk was seen for children whose mothers reported symptoms of depression on both occasions. In study II, the impact of gene-environment interaction of 5-HTTLPR and BDNF Val66Met and experience of life events together with symptoms of maternal depression and anxiety on child behavior at age 12 was studied. A main effect of 5-HTTLPR was noticed, but no geneenvironment effects were shown. Similarly to study I, concurrent symptoms of maternal depression and anxiety were an important predictor of child behavioral problems. A high degree of psychosocial stress around childbirth was found to have long lasting detrimental effects on child behavior, increasing the risk for internalizing problems at age 12. Study III investigated the impact of geneenvironment interactions of 5-HTTLPR and BDNF Val66Met and life events together with symptoms of maternal depression and birth characteristics on behavioral problems at age 3. Symptoms of postpartum depression were found to predict internalizing as well as externalizing problems in children three years later. Child experience of life events was a stable predictor of behavioral problems across the scales similar to sociodemographic factors such as parental immigration status and unemployment. No gene-environment interaction effects of 5-HTTLPR or BDNF Val66Met were shown. Study IV used the risk factors identified in studies I-III to investigate factors of resilience to behavioral problems at age 12. The l/l genotype of 5-HTTLPR was associated with a lower risk for behavioral problems at age 12, especially for children facing low adversity. Good social functioning was found to be a general resource factor, independent of the level of risk, while an easy temperament was associated with resilience for children with a high degree of adversity. However, effect sizes were small.

    In summary, the results from the present thesis emphasize the importance of maternal mental health and sociodemographic factors for child mental health at ages 3 and 12, which must be taken into account in clinical settings. Moreover, it adds to the null-findings of the gene-environment effect of 5-HTTLPR and BDNF Val66Met on behavioral problems in children, but indicates a main effect of 5-HTTLPR on internalizing symptoms at age 12.

    List of papers
    1. Symptoms of Depression Postpartum and 12 years Later-Associations to Child Mental Health at 12 years of Age
    Open this publication in new window or tab >>Symptoms of Depression Postpartum and 12 years Later-Associations to Child Mental Health at 12 years of Age
    2013 (English)In: Maternal and Child Health Journal, ISSN 1092-7875, E-ISSN 1573-6628, Vol. 17, no 3, p. 405-414Article in journal (Refereed) Published
    Abstract [en]

    Children of depressed mothers have been shown to express behaviour problems to a greater extent than children of non-depressed mothers. The purpose of this study was to examine the persistence of depressive symptoms in mothers and to evaluate the relative importance of symptoms of postpartum depression (PPD) and concurrent maternal symptoms of depression, on child behaviour at age 12. A birth cohort of 1,707 children and their mothers was followed from 3 months after birth to 12 years after birth. Self-reported symptoms of depression in mothers were assessed at baseline and 12-year follow-up where 893 mothers (52.3 %) and their children participated. The mothers reports on the behaviour of their children at age 12 were used. Multivariate analysis was used to assess factors that increased the risk of child behaviour problems. At baseline, 10.4 % scored above the cutoff for symptoms of postpartum depression. At follow up, 18.2 % scored above the cutoff for depressive symptoms. Multivariate analysis showed that ongoing maternal symptoms of depression, as distinct from PPD-symptoms, was the strongest predictor of child behaviour problems at age 12. The gender of the child and socio-demographic factors at baseline were additional factors that affected the risk of behaviour problems in the 12 year old children. Children of mothers who reported symptoms of depression, both postpartum and at follow-up, were at a greater risk of behaviour problems compared to children of women with no depressive symptoms on either occasion. Our findings indicate that recurrent and ongoing maternal depressive symptoms significantly increase the risk of child behaviour problems as reported by mothers, while symptoms of PPD do not seem to result in an increased risk of behaviour problems in 12 year olds. High maternal socio-demographic life stress at childbirth constitutes an important risk factor for later child behaviour problems.

    Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
    Springer Verlag (Germany), 2013
    Keywords
    CBCL, Children, Mental health, Postpartum depression, SESBiC-study
    National Category
    Medical and Health Sciences
    Identifiers
    urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-90750 (URN)10.1007/s10995-012-0985-z (DOI)000316021200003 ()
    Available from: 2013-04-05 Created: 2013-04-05 Last updated: 2021-05-18
    2. Effect of gene, environment and maternal depressive symptoms on pre-adolescence behavior problems - a longitudinal study.
    Open this publication in new window or tab >>Effect of gene, environment and maternal depressive symptoms on pre-adolescence behavior problems - a longitudinal study.
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    2013 (English)In: Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Mental Health, E-ISSN 1753-2000, Vol. 7, no 1, p. 10-Article in journal (Refereed) Published
    Abstract [en]

    BACKGROUND: Depression is a common and disabling condition with a high relapse frequency. Maternal mental health problems and experience of traumatic life events are known to increase the risk of behavior problems in children. Recently, genetic factors, in particular gene-by-environment interaction models, have been implicated to explain depressive etiology. However, results are inconclusive.

    METHODS: Study participants were members of the SESBiC-study. A total of 889 mothers and their children were followed during the child's age of 3 months to 12 years. Information on maternal depressive symptoms was gathered postpartum and at a 12 year follow-up. Mothers reported on child behavior and traumatic life events experienced by the child at age 12. Saliva samples were obtained from children for analysis of 5-HTTLPR and BDNF Val66Met polymorphisms.

    RESULTS: Multivariate analysis showed a significant association between maternal symptoms of depression and anxiety, and internalizing problems in 12-year-old children (OR 5.72, 95% CI 3.30-9.91). Furthermore, carriers of two short alleles (s/s) of the 5-HTTLPR showed a more than 4-fold increased risk of internalizing problems at age 12 compared to l/l carriers (OR 4.73, 95% CI 2.14-10.48). No gene-by-environment interaction was found and neither depressive symptoms postpartum or traumatic experiences during childhood stayed significant in the final model.

    CONCLUSIONS: Concurrent maternal symptoms of depression and anxiety are significant risk factors for behavior problems in children, which need to be taken into account in clinical practice. Furthermore, we found a main effect of 5-HTTLPR on internalizing symptoms in 12-year-old children, a finding that needs to be confirmed in future studies.

    Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
    BioMed Central, 2013
    National Category
    Psychiatry
    Identifiers
    urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-104869 (URN)10.1186/1753-2000-7-10 (DOI)23518193 (PubMedID)
    Available from: 2014-02-28 Created: 2014-02-28 Last updated: 2024-01-17Bibliographically approved
    3. Early predictors of behavioural problems in pre-schoolers: a longitudinal study of constitutional and environmental main and interaction effects
    Open this publication in new window or tab >>Early predictors of behavioural problems in pre-schoolers: a longitudinal study of constitutional and environmental main and interaction effects
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    2016 (English)In: BMC Pediatrics, ISSN 1471-2431, E-ISSN 1471-2431, Vol. 16Article in journal (Refereed) Published
    Abstract [en]

    Background: The early environment is important for child development and wellbeing. Gene-by-environment studies investigating the impact of the serotonin transporter genelinked polymorphic region (5-HTTLPR) and the Brain Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) Val66Met polymorphisms by life events on mental health and behaviour problems have been inconclusive. Methodological differences regarding sample sizes, study population, definitions of adversities and measures of mental health problems obstacle their comparability. Furthermore, very few studies included children. The aim of this study was to examine the associations between a broad range of risk factors covering pregnancy and birth, genetic polymorphism, experience of multiple life events and psychosocial environment, and child behaviour at age three, using a comparably large, representative, population-based sample.

    Methods: A total of 1,106 children, and their mothers, were followed from pregnancy to age three. Information on pregnancy and birth-related factors was retrieved from the Medical Birth Register. Questionnaires on depressive symptoms, child behaviour and child experiences of life events were filled in by the mothers. Child saliva samples were used for genotyping the 5-HTTLPR and BDNF Val66Met polymorphisms. Multiple logistic regression was used to investigate the association between psychological scales and genetic polymorphisms.

    Results: Symptoms of postpartum depression increased the risk of both internalizing and externalizing problems. Experience of multiple life events was also a predictor of behavioural problems across the scales. No gene-by-environment or gene-bygene-by-environment interactions were found. Children of immigrants had an increased risk of internalizing problems and parental unemployment was significantly associated with both internalizing and externalizing type of problems.

    Conclusion: This study shows the importance of the psychosocial environment for psychosocial health in preschool children, and adds to  the literature of null-findings of gene-by-environment effects of 5-HTTLPR and BDNF in children

    National Category
    Psychiatry
    Identifiers
    urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-124207 (URN)10.1186/s12887-016-0614-x (DOI)000377535800002 ()
    Note

    Funding agencies:Funding was obtained from the Swedish Council for Working Life and Social Research (FAS), the Swedish Research Council (VR), the Clas Groschinsky Memorial Foundation, Stockholm, Samariten Foundation, Stockholm, the Hallsten Research Foundation and ALF, County Council of Ostergotland.

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    Available from: 2016-01-22 Created: 2016-01-22 Last updated: 2024-01-10Bibliographically approved
    4. A biopsychosocial approach to risk and resilience on behavior in children followed from birth to age twelve
    Open this publication in new window or tab >>A biopsychosocial approach to risk and resilience on behavior in children followed from birth to age twelve
    Show others...
    2016 (English)Manuscript (preprint) (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    An increasing prevalence of mental health problems calls for more knowledge into factors associated with resilience in the context of child behavior. Biological factors are seldom considered in psychosocial models of resilience. The present study used multiple statistical methodologies to examine a biopsychosocial model of risk and resilience on behavior at preadolescence. Data from 889 children and their mothers were used. A cumulative adversity score was created by combining maternal symptoms of depression, psychosocial risk and children’s experiences of life events. The proposed resilience factors investigated were candidate genetic polymorphisms, child temperament and social functioning, and maternal sense of coherence. Results show that the l/l genotype of the serotonin transporter linked polymorphic region (5-HTTLPR) was associated with lower internalizing scores, especially for children exposed to low adversity. An easy temperament was associated with resilient outcomes for children exposed to high adversity. Child social functioning was found to be more of a general resource variable buffering risk in both high and low adversity groups. The results support a multiple level model of resilience indicating effects, though small, of both biological and psychosocial factors. The present findings call for both preventive actions and further studies on biopsychosocial models in resilience research.

    Keywords
    Child, genotype, longitudinal, mental health, resilience
    National Category
    Psychiatry
    Identifiers
    urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-124208 (URN)
    Available from: 2016-01-22 Created: 2016-01-22 Last updated: 2024-01-10Bibliographically approved
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  • 74.
    Agnafors, Sara
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of Children's and Women's health. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences.
    Svedin, Carl Göran
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Barnafrid. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Region Östergötland, Local Health Care Services in Central Östergötland, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry in Linköping.
    Oreland, Lars
    Uppsala University, Sweden.
    Bladh, Marie
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of Children's and Women's health. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Region Östergötland, Center of Paediatrics and Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics in Linköping.
    Comasco, Erika
    Uppsala University, Sweden.
    Sydsjö, Gunilla
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of Children's and Women's health. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Region Östergötland, Center of Paediatrics and Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics in Linköping.
    A Biopsychosocial Approach to Risk and Resilience on Behavior in Children Followed from Birth to Age 122017In: Child Psychiatry and Human Development, ISSN 0009-398X, E-ISSN 1573-3327, Vol. 48, no 4, p. 584-596Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    An increasing prevalence of mental health problems calls for more knowledge into factors associated with resilience. The present study used multiple statistical methodologies to examine a biopsychosocial model of risk and resilience on preadolescence behavior. Data from 889 children and mothers from a birth cohort were used. An adversity score was created by combining maternal symptoms of depression, psychosocial risk and childrens experiences of life events. The proposed resilience factors investigated were candidate genetic polymorphisms, child temperament, social functioning, and maternal sense of coherence. The l/ l genotype of the serotonin transporter linked polymorphic region was associated with lower internalizing scores, but not mainly related to the level of adversity. An easy temperament was associated with resilience for children exposed to high adversity. Social functioning was found to be promotive independent of the risk level. The results support a multiple-level model of resilience indicating effects, though small, of both biological and psychosocial factors.

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  • 75.
    Agnafors, Sara
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of Neuro and Inflammation Science. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences.
    Svedin, Carl Göran
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of Neuro and Inflammation Science. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Region Östergötland, Local Health Care Services in Central Östergötland, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry in Linköping.
    Oreland, Lars
    Department of Neuroscience, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
    Bladh, Marie
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of Clinical Sciences. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Region Östergötland, Center of Paediatrics and Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics in Linköping.
    Comasco, Erika
    Department of Neuroscience, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
    Sydsjö, Gunilla
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of Clinical Sciences. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Region Östergötland, Center of Paediatrics and Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics in Linköping.
    A biopsychosocial approach to risk and resilience on behavior in children followed from birth to age twelve2016Manuscript (preprint) (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    An increasing prevalence of mental health problems calls for more knowledge into factors associated with resilience in the context of child behavior. Biological factors are seldom considered in psychosocial models of resilience. The present study used multiple statistical methodologies to examine a biopsychosocial model of risk and resilience on behavior at preadolescence. Data from 889 children and their mothers were used. A cumulative adversity score was created by combining maternal symptoms of depression, psychosocial risk and children’s experiences of life events. The proposed resilience factors investigated were candidate genetic polymorphisms, child temperament and social functioning, and maternal sense of coherence. Results show that the l/l genotype of the serotonin transporter linked polymorphic region (5-HTTLPR) was associated with lower internalizing scores, especially for children exposed to low adversity. An easy temperament was associated with resilient outcomes for children exposed to high adversity. Child social functioning was found to be more of a general resource variable buffering risk in both high and low adversity groups. The results support a multiple level model of resilience indicating effects, though small, of both biological and psychosocial factors. The present findings call for both preventive actions and further studies on biopsychosocial models in resilience research.

  • 76.
    Fagerholm, Per
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Ophthalmology. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Reconstruction Centre, Department of Ophthalmology UHL/MH.
    Lagali, Neil S
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Ophthalmology. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Reconstruction Centre, Department of Ophthalmology UHL/MH.
    Merrett, Kimberley
    University of Ottawa Eye Institute.
    Jackson, W Bruce
    University of Ottawa Eye Institute.
    Munger, Rejean
    University of Ottawa Eye Institute.
    Liu, Yuwen
    CooperVision Inc, Pleasanton, USA .
    Polarek, James W
    FibroGen Inc, San Francisco.
    Söderqvist, Monica
    Synsam Opticians, Linköping.
    Griffith, May
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Ophthalmology. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    A biosynthetic alternative to human donor tissue for inducing corneal regeneration: 24-month follow-up of a phase 1 clinical study2010In: Science translational medicine, ISSN 1946-6234, Vol. 2, no 46, p. 46-61Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Corneas from human donors are used to replace damaged tissue and treat corneal blindness, but there is a severe worldwide shortage of donor corneas. We conducted a phase 1 clinical study in which biosynthetic mimics of corneal extracellular matrix were implanted to replace the pathologic anterior cornea of 10 patients who had significant vision loss, with the aim of facilitating endogenous tissue regeneration without the use of human donor tissue. The biosynthetic implants remained stably integrated and avascular for 24 months after surgery, without the need for long-term use of the steroid immunosuppression that is required for traditional allotransplantation. Corneal reepithelialization occurred in all patients, although a delay in epithelial closure as a result of the overlying retaining sutures led to early, localized implant thinning and fibrosis in some patients. The tear film was restored, and stromal cells were recruited into the implant in all patients. Nerve regeneration was also observed and touch sensitivity was restored, both to an equal or to a greater degree than is seen with human donor tissue. Vision at 24 months improved from preoperative values in six patients. With further optimization, biosynthetic corneal implants could offer a safe and effective alternative to the implantation of human tissue to help address the current donor cornea shortage.

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  • 77.
    Wermelin, Karin
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine . Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Tengvall, Pentti
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Applied Physics . Linköping University, The Institute of Technology.
    Aspenberg, Per
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine . Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Orthopaedic Centre, Department of Orthopaedics Linköping.
    A bisphosphonate coating improves the bony fixation of stainless steel screws in ovariectomized rats2008Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Background: Bisphosphonate coatings improve the fixation of implants in bone. Stainless steels screws inserted in the rat tibia become encapsulated by new bone if they are coated with bisphosphonates in a crosslinked fibrinogen matrix. Thereby, the coating leads to a gradual increase in pull-out force. We now investigate if this bisphosphonate coating is capable to improve the mechanical fixation also in osteoporotic bone.

    Methods: Stainless steel screws were coated with a thin crosslinked fibrinogen matrix. With EDC/NHS coupling technique, pamidronate was bound to carboxylic groups and ibandronate was adsorbed in the fibrinogen matrix. Uncoated stainless steel screws and bisphosphonatecoated screws were inserted bilaterally in the proximal tibia in 10 ovariectomized and 10 sham operated rats. At 2 weeks pull-out force and energy was measured.

    Results: In the ovariectomized rats, pull-out force was 53 % higher for bisphosphonate coated screws compared to control screws. Energy was 44 % higher. The sham operated rats showed a higher variation, and no effect of the coating was found.

    Conclusion: The coating was sufficient to improve fixation in ovariectomized rats

  • 78.
    Abtahi, Jahan
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Orthopaedics. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Anaesthetics, Operations and Specialty Surgery Center, Maxillofacial Unit.
    Tengvall, Pentti
    Gothenburg University.
    Aspenberg, Per
    Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Center for Surgery, Orthopaedics and Cancer Treatment, Department of Orthopaedics in Linköping. Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Orthopaedics. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    A bisphosphonate-coating improves the fixation of metal implants in human bone. A randomized trial of dental implants2012In: Bone, ISSN 8756-3282, E-ISSN 1873-2763, Vol. 50, no 5, p. 1148-1151Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Many surgical procedures use metal implants in bone. The clinical results depend on the strength of the bone holding these implants. Our objective was to show that a drug released from the implant surface can improve parameters reflecting the quality or amount of this bone. Sixteen patients received paired dental titanium implants in the maxilla, in a randomized, double-blinded fashion. One implant in each pair was coated with a thin fibrinogen layer containing 2 bisphosphonates. The other implant was untreated. Fixation was evaluated by measurement of resonance frequency (implant stability quotient; ISQ) serving as a proxy for stiffness of the implant-bone construct. Increase in ISQ at 6 months of follow-up was the primary variable. None of the patients had any complications. The resonance frequency increased 6.9 ISQ units more for the coated implants (p = 0.0001; Cohens d = 1.3). The average difference in increase in ISQ and the effect size, suggested a clinically relevant improvement. X-ray showed less bone resorption at the margin of the implant both at 2 months (p = 0.012) and at 6 months (p = 0.012). In conclusion, a thin, bisphosphonate-eluting fibrinogen coating might improve the fixation of metal implants in human bone. This might lead to new possibilities for orthopedic surgery in osteoporotic bone and for dental implants.

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  • 79.
    Aspenberg, Per
    et al.
    Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Center for Surgery, Orthopaedics and Cancer Treatment, Department of Orthopaedics in Linköping. Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Orthopaedics. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Abtahi, Jahan
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Orthopaedics. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Anaesthetics, Operations and Specialty Surgery Center, Maxillofacial Unit.
    A bisphosphonate-coating improves the fixation of metal implants in human bone. A randomized trial with internal controls in BONE, vol 50, issue , pp S56-S562012In: BONE, Elsevier , 2012, Vol. 50, p. S56-S56Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    n/a

  • 80.
    Stenfelt, Stefan
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Technical Audiology. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Håkansson, Bo
    Chalmers.
    A bone conduction implant – measurements in a human cadaver2008In: International Congress of Audiology, Hong Kong, 2008Conference paper (Refereed)
  • 81.
    Stenfelt, Stefan
    et al.
    Chalmers University Technology.
    Håkansson, B
    Chalmers University of Technology.
    Jönsson, R
    Chalmers University of Technology.
    Granström, G
    Chalmers University of Technology.
    A bone-anchored hearing aid for patients with pure sensorineural hearing impairment: A pilot study2000In: Scandinavian Audiology, ISSN 0105-0397, E-ISSN 1940-2872, Vol. 29, no 3, p. 175-185Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    This pilot study assesses the potential benefits of an optimized bone-anchored hearing aid (BAHA) for patients with a mild to moderate purl sensorineural high frequency hearing impairment. The evaluation was conducted with eight first-time hearing aid users by means of psyche-acoustic sound field measurements and a questionnaire on subjective experience; all of the patients benefited from the BAHA. On average, the eight patients showed improvement in PTA threshold of 3.4 dB and in speech intelligibility in noise of 14%. Seven of the subjects, also fitted with present standard air conduction hearing aids (ACHA) found the ACHA thresholds to be improved more than the BAHA ones. In speech tests, the ACHA was only slightly better; these patients chose between their different hearing aids according to the sound environment. Although the BAHA was preferred for wearing and sound comfort, it cannot be used as the sole aid for patients with pure sensorineural impairment.

  • 82.
    Jonsson, Jerker
    et al.
    Public Health Agency Sweden, Sweden; Karolinska Institute, Sweden.
    Westman, Anna
    Danderyd Hospital, Sweden; Karolinska University Hospital Lab, Sweden.
    Bruchfeld, Judith
    Karolinska Institute, Sweden; Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Sweden.
    Sturegard, Erik
    Lund University, Sweden.
    Gaines, Hans
    Public Health Agency Sweden, Sweden; Karolinska Institute, Sweden; Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Sweden.
    Schön, Thomas
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of Microbiology and Molecular Medicine. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Kalmar County Hospital, Sweden.
    A borderline range for Quantiferon Gold In-Tube results2017In: PLOS ONE, E-ISSN 1932-6203, Vol. 12, no 11, article id e0187313Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Objective Interferon gamma release assays like Quantiferon Gold In-Tube (QFT) are used to identify individuals infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis. A dichotomous cut-off (0.35 IU/ml) defines a positive QFT without considering test variability. Our objective was to evaluate the introduction of a borderline range under routine conditions. Methods Results of routine QFT samples from Sweden (2009-2014) were collected. A borderline range (0.20-0.99 IU/ml) was introduced in 2010 recommending a follow-up sample. The association between borderline results and incident active TB within 3 to 24 months was investigated through linkage with the national TB-register. Results Using the recommended QFT cut-off, 75.1 % tests were negative, 21.4% positive and 3.5% indeterminate. In total, 9% (3656/40773) were within the borderline range. In follow-up samples, individuals with initial results between 0.20-0.34 IU/ml and 0.35-0.99 IU/ml displayed negative results below the borderline range (amp;lt;0.20 IU/ml) in 66.1% (230/348) and 42.5% (285/671) respectively, and none developed incident TB. Among 6712 individuals with a positive initial test amp;gt;0.99 IU/ml, 65 (0.97%) developed incident TB within 3-24 months. Conclusions We recommend retesting of subjects with QFT results in the range 0.20-0.99 IU/ml to enhance reliability and validity of the test. Half of the subjects in the borderline range will be negative at a levelamp;lt;0.20 IU/ml when retested and have a very low risk of developing incident active TB.

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  • 83.
    Stratmann, Johannes
    et al.
    Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of Hematopoiesis and Developmental Biology. Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Dresden, Germany.
    Ekman, Helen
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of Hematopoiesis and Developmental Biology. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences.
    Thor, Stefan
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of Hematopoiesis and Developmental Biology. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Queensland, Australia.
    A branching gene regulatory network dictating different aspects of a neuronal cell identity2019In: Development, ISSN 0950-1991, E-ISSN 1477-9129, Vol. 146, no 6, article id UNSP 174300Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The nervous system displays a daunting cellular diversity. Neuronal subtypes differ from each other in several aspects, including their neurotransmitter expression and axon projection. These aspects can converge, but can also diverge, such that neurons expressing the same neurotransmitter may project axons to different targets. It is not well understood how regulatory programs converge/ diverge to associate/dissociate different cell fate features. Studies of the Drosophila Tv1 neurons have identified a regulatory cascade, ladybird early -amp;gt; collier -amp;gt; apterous/eyes absent -amp;gt; dimmed, that specifies Tv1 neurotransmitter expression. Here, we conduct genetic and transcriptome analysis to address how other aspects of Tv1 cell fate are governed. We find that an initiator terminal selector gene triggers a feedforward loop that branches into different subroutines, each of which establishes different features of this one unique neuronal cell fate.

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  • 84.
    Knöös Franzén, Ludvig
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Fluid and Mechatronic Systems. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Staack, Ingo
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Fluid and Mechatronic Systems. Linköping University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences.
    Krus, Petter
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Fluid and Mechatronic Systems. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Jouannet, Christopher
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Fluid and Mechatronic Systems. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering. Overall Design and Survivability, Saab Aeronautics, Linköping, Sweden.
    Amadori, Kristian
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Machine Design. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering. Overall Design and Survivability, Saab Aeronautics, Linköping, Sweden.
    A Breakdown of System of Systems Needs Using Architecture Frameworks, Ontologies and Description Logic Reasoning2021In: Aerospace, E-ISSN 2226-4310, Vol. 8, no 4Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Aerospace systems are connected with the operational environment and other systems in general. The focus in aerospace product development is consequently shifting from a singular system perspective to a System-of-Systems (SoS) perspective. This increasing complexity gives rise to new levels of uncertainty that must be understood and managed to produce aerospace solutions for an ever-changing future. This paper presents an approach to using architecture frameworks, and ontologies with description logic reasoning capabilities, to break down SoS needs into required capabilities and functions. The intention of this approach is to provide a consistent way of obtaining the functions to be realized in order to meet the overarching capabilities and needs of an SoS. The breakdown with an architecture framework results in an initial design space representation of functions to be performed. The captured knowledge is then represented in an ontology with description logic reasoning capabilities, which provides a more flexible way to expand and process the initial design space representation obtained from the architecture framework. The proposed approach is ultimately tested in a search and rescue case study, partly based on the operations of the Swedish Maritime Administration. The results show that it is possible to break down SoS needs in a consistent way and that ontology with description logic reasoning can be used to process the captured knowledge to both expand and reduce an available design space representation.

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  • 85.
    van der Zijpp, Teatske Johanna
    et al.
    Fontys University of Applied Sciences, Faculty of Nursing, Eindhoven, The Netherlands.
    Niessen, Theo
    Fontys University of Applied Sciences, Faculty of Nursing, Eindhoven, The Netherlands.
    Eldh, Ann Catrine
    Health and Social Studies, Dalarna University, Falun, Sweden; Division of Nursing, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Hawkes, Claire
    Warwick Clinical Trials Unit, Division of Health Sciences, Warwick Medical School, The University of Warwick, Coventry, UK.
    McMullan, Christel
    Institute of Applied Health Research, Murray Learning Centre, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.
    Mockford, Carole
    Royal College of Nursing Research Institute, Department of Health Sciences, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK.
    Wallin, Lars
    Health and Social Studies, Dalarna University, Falun, Sweden; Division of Nursing, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
    McCormack, Brendan
    School of Health Sciences, Queen Margaret University, East Lothian,UK.
    Rycroft-Malone, Jo
    Bangor University, UK, and School of Healthcare Sciences, Bangor, UK.
    Seers, Kate
    Division of Health Sciences, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK.
    A Bridge Over Turbulent Waters: Illustrating the Interaction Between Managerial Leaders and Facilitators When Implementing Research Evidence.2016In: Worldviews on Evidence-Based Nursing, ISSN 1545-102X, E-ISSN 1741-6787, Vol. 13, no 1, p. 25-31Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    BACKGROUND: Emerging evidence focuses on the importance of the role of leadership in successfully transferring research evidence into practice. However, little is known about the interaction between managerial leaders and clinical leaders acting as facilitators (internal facilitators [IFs]) in this implementation process.

    AIMS: To describe the interaction between managerial leaders and IFs and how this enabled or hindered the facilitation process of implementing urinary incontinence guideline recommendations in a local context in settings that provide long-term care to older people.

    METHODS: Semistructured interviews with 105 managers and 22 IFs, collected for a realist process evaluation across four European countries informed this study. An interpretive data analysis unpacks interactions between managerial leaders and IFs.

    RESULTS: This study identified three themes that were important in the interactions between managerial leaders and IFs that could hinder or support the implementation process: "realising commitment"; "negotiating conditions"; and "encouragement to keep momentum going." The findings revealed that the continuous reciprocal relationships between IFs and managerial leaders influenced the progress of implementation, and could slow the process down or disrupt it. A metaphor of crossing a turbulent river by the "building of a bridge" emerged as one way of understanding the findings.

    LINKING EVIDENCE TO ACTION: Our findings illuminate a neglected area, the effects of relationships between key staff on implementing evidence into practice. Relational aspects of managerial and clinical leadership roles need greater consideration when planning guideline implementation and practice change. In order to support implementation, staff assigned as IFs as well as stakeholders like managers at all levels of an organisation should be engaged in realising commitment, negotiating conditions, and keeping momentum going. Thus, communication is crucial between all involved.

  • 86.
    Radits, Markus
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Industrial Economics. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    A Business Ecology Perspective on Community-Driven Open Source: The Case of the Free and Open Source Content Management System Joomla2019Doctoral thesis, monograph (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    This thesis approaches the phenomenon of open source software (OSS) from a managerial and organisational point of view. In a slightly narrower sense, this thesis studies commercialisation aspects around community-driven open source. The term ‘community-driven’ signifies open source projects that are managed, steered, and controlled by communities of volunteers, as opposed to those that are managed, steered, and controlled by single corporate sponsors.

    By adopting a business ecology perspective, this thesis places emphasis on the larger context within which the commercialisation of OSS is embedded (e.g., global and collaborative production regimes, ideological foundations, market characteristics, and diffuse boundary conditions). Because many business benefits arise as a consequence of the activities taking place in the communities and ecosystems around open source projects, a business ecology perspective may be a useful analytical guide for understanding the opportunities, challenges, and risks that firms face in commercializing OSS.

    There are two overarching themes guiding this thesis. The first theme concerns the challenges that firms face in commercialising community-driven open source. There is a tendency in the literature on business ecosystems and open source to emphasise the benefits, opportunities, and positive aspects of behaviour, at the expense of the challenges that firms face. However, business ecosystems are not only spaces of opportunity, they may also pose a variety of challenges that firms need to overcome in order to be successful. To help rectify this imbalance in the literature, the first theme particularly focuses on the challenges that firms face in commercialising community-driven open source. The underlying ambition is to facilitate a more balanced and holistic understanding of the collaborative and competitive dynamics in ecosystems around open source projects.

    The other theme concerns the complex intertwining of community engagement and profit-oriented venturing. As is acknowledged in the literature, the subject of firm-community interaction has become increasingly important because the survival, success, and sustainability of peer production communities has become of strategic relevance to many organisations. However, while many strategic benefits may arise as a consequence of firm-community interaction, there is a lack of research studying how the value-creating logics of firm–community interaction are embedded within the bigger picture in which they occur. Bearing this bigger picture in mind, this thesis explores the intertwining of volunteer community engagement and profit-oriented venturing by focusing on four aspects that are theorised in the literature: reinforcement, complementarity, synergy, and reciprocity.

    This thesis is designed as a qualitative exploratory single-case study. The empirical case is Joomla, a popular open source content management system. In a nutshell, the Joomla case in this thesis comprises the interactions in the Joomla community and the commercial activities around the Joomla platform (e.g., web development, consulting, marketing, customisation, extensions). In order to achieve greater analytical depth, the business ecology perspective is complemented with ideas and propositions from other theoretical areas, such as stakeholder theory, community governance, organizational identity, motivation theory, pricing, and bundling.

    The findings show that the common challenges in commercialising community-driven open source revolve around nine distinct factors that roughly cluster into three domains: the ecosystem, the community, and the firm. In short, the domain of the ecosystem comprises the global operating environment, the pace of change, and the cannibalisation of ideas. The domain of the community comprises the platform policy, platform image, and the voluntary nature of the open source project. And finally, the domain of the firm comprises the blurring boundaries between private and professional lives, the difficulty of estimating costs, and firm dependencies. Based on these insights, a framework for analysing community-based value creation in business ecosystems is proposed. This framework integrates collective innovation, community engagement, and value capture into a unified model of value creation in contexts of firm–community interaction.

    Furthermore, the findings reveal demonstrable effects of reinforcement, complementarity, synergy, and reciprocity in the intertwining of volunteer community engagement and profit-oriented venturing. By showing that this intertwining can be strong in empirical cases where commercial activities are often implicitly assumed to be absent, this thesis provides a more nuanced understanding of firm involvement in the realm of open source.

    Based on the empirical and analytical insights, a number of further theoretical implications are discussed, such as the role of intersubjective trust in relation to the uncertainties that commercial actors face, an alternative way of classifying community types, the metaphor of superorganisms in the context of open source, issues pertaining to the well-being of community participants, and issues in relation to the transitioning of open source developers from a community-based to an entrepreneurial self-identity when commercialising an open source solution. Furthermore, this thesis builds on six sub-studies that make individual contributions of their own.

    In a broad sense, this thesis contributes to the literature streams on the commercialisation of OSS, the business value and strategic aspects of open source, the interrelationships between community forms of organising and entrepreneurial activities, and the nascent research on ecology perspectives on peer-production communities. A variety of opportunities for future research are highlighted.

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    A Business Ecology Perspective on Community-Driven Open Source: The Case of the Free and Open Source Content Management System Joomla
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  • 87.
    Wallsten, Björn
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Environmental Technology and Management. Linköping University, The Institute of Technology.
    Johansson, Nils
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Environmental Technology and Management. Linköping University, The Institute of Technology.
    Krook, Joakim
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Environmental Technology and Management. Linköping University, The Institute of Technology.
    A Cable Laid Is a Cable Played: On the Hibernation Logic behind Urban Infrastructure Mines2013In: The Journal of urban technology, ISSN 1063-0732, E-ISSN 1466-1853, Vol. 20, no 3, p. 85-103Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Our societies are reliant on metals to such an extent that the total amounts of some of them in the built environment are comparable in size to the remaining amounts in known mountain ores. Because of concerns about mineral scarcity, the United Nations has assessed alternative sources for metal extraction and targeted urban areas in general and infrastructure systems in particular, since these are large, spatially concentrated and rich in metals. Referring to the possibility of recovering these metal stocks, infrastructure systems constitute what material flow researchers has conceptually termed “urban mines.” While most urban infrastructure is in use, significant amounts of cables and pipes have been disconnected and remain in their subsurface locations; they are “hibernating.” In this article, we analyze the occurrence of such hibernation in the Swedish city of Norrköping's urban infrastructure mine where, we know from a previous study, that every fourth kilo of infrastructure is discarded. Our applied perspective is different from the logic of system expansion as a way to meet increased demand often found in the field of infrastructure studies since we are interested in how systems are disconnected and left behind. This enables us to offer a refined understanding of the concepts of infrastructure “decline” and infrastructure “cold spots.” We argue that to prevent the increase of dormant infrastructures and to engage in the urban mining of already dormant infrastructures, we must develop a sensibility to the materiality of derelict infrastructure components and the underlying causes for why they form different kinds of spatial patterns.

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  • 88.
    Tsirepli, Ismini
    Linköping University, Department of Electrical Engineering.
    A Cadence layout wrapper for MATLAB2006Independent thesis Basic level (professional degree), 10 points / 15 hpStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    In this thesis, the focus is on creating a wrapper between MATLAB and the Cadence Virtuoso design environment. The central idea is to use the wrapper and write the code for an entire analog layout as scripts in MATLAB. Basically, we will implement a set of necessary commands for performing the most fundamental tasks in layout generation from within MATLAB.

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  • 89.
    Kalafateli, Aimilia Lydia
    et al.
    Univ Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Vallof, Daniel
    Univ Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Jornulf, Julia Winsa
    Univ Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Heilig, Markus
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Center for Social and Affective Neuroscience. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Region Östergötland, Local Health Care Services in Central Östergötland, Department of Psychiatry.
    Jerlhag, Elisabet
    Univ Gothenburg, Sweden.
    A cannabinoid receptor antagonist attenuates ghrelin-induced activation of the mesolimbic dopamine system in mice2018In: Physiology and Behavior, ISSN 0031-9384, E-ISSN 1873-507X, Vol. 184, p. 211-219Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Ghrelin has been attributed various physiological processes including food intake and reward regulation, through activation of the mesolimbic dopamine system. Reward modulation involves the mesolimbic dopamine system, consisting of the ventral tegmental area (VTA) dopamine neurons targeting nucleus accumbens (NAc), a system that ghrelin activates through VTA-dependent mechanisms. In the first study, we found that systemic intraperitoneal (ip) administration of rimonabant attenuated intracerebroventricular (icv) ghrelins ability to cause locomotor stimulation and NAc dopamine release in mice. Ghrelin-induced (icv) chow intake was not altered by rimonabant administration (ip). Finally, we showed that bilateral VTA administration of rimonabant blocks the ability of intra-VTA administered ghrelin to increase locomotor activity, but does not affect food intake in mice. Collectively, these data indicate clear dissociation between regulation of food intake and activation of the mesolimbic dopamine system.

  • 90.
    Landtblom, Anne-Marie
    et al.
    Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Local Health Care Services in Central Östergötland, Department of Neurology.
    Lindvall, Björn
    Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Neurology . Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Local Health Care Services in Central Östergötland, Department of Neurology.
    Ledin, Torbjörn
    Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Oto-Rhiono-Laryngology and Head & Neck Surgery . Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Reconstruction Centre, Department of ENT - Head and Neck Surgery UHL.
    Berlin, Gösta
    Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Centre for Laboratory Medicine, Department of Clinical Immunology and Transfusion Medicine.
    A case report of plasmapheresis treatment in a patient with paraneoplastic cerebellar degeneration and high anti-Yo antibody titers2008In: Therapeutic Apheresis and Dialysis, ISSN 1744-9979, Vol. 12, no 1, p. 82-85Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    A patient with paraneoplastic cerebellar degeneration due to anti-Purkinje cell antibodies (anti-Yo) arising from ovarian carcinoma with metastases was treated with three plasmapheresis (PP) series (a total of 22 PP treatments) over one year and was monitored by repeated otoneurological testing, balance tests and clinical investigations. Blood samples for antibody titers were checked on several occasions. Initially there was a weak clinical response and significantly improved test results regarding the caloric response, as well as a possible effect on visual suppression of the vestibulo-ocular reflex after caloric ear irrigation. After the first series of PP treatment, new metastases were found. A half year later there was a progressive course with increasing general symptoms. Serology tests showed continuously high titers of anti-Yo antibody, although somewhat lower after PP. We thus report a minor and short-lived effect of PP, possibly inhibited by the natural course of metastatic disease. © 2008 International Society for Apheresis.

  • 91.
    Patel, Mikael
    et al.
    Ericsson AB, Linköping, Sweden.
    Borg, Andreas
    Linköping University, Department of Computer and Information Science, PELAB - Programming Environment Laboratory. Linköping University, The Institute of Technology.
    Sandahl, Kristian
    Linköping University, Department of Computer and Information Science. Linköping University, Department of Computer and Information Science, PELAB - Programming Environment Laboratory.
    A Case Study in Assessing and Improving Capacity Using an Anatomy of Good Practice2007In: The 6th joint meeting of the European Software Engineering Conference and the ACM SIGSOFT Symposium on the Foundations of Software Engineering (ESEC/FSE 2007), Dubrovnik, Croatia, New York: ACM , 2007, p. 509-512Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Capacity in telecommunication systems is highly related to operator revenue. As a vendor of such systems, Ericsson AB is continuously improving its processes for estimating, specifying, tuning, and testing the capacity of delivered systems. In order to systematize process improvements Ericsson AB and Linköping University joined forces to create an anatomy of Capacity Sub Processes (CSPs). The anatomy is the result of an interview series conducted to document good practices amongst organizations active in capacity improvement. In this paper we analyze four different development processes in terms of how far they have reached in their process maturity according to our anatomy and show possible improvement directions. Three of the processes are currently in use at Ericsson, and the fourth is the OpenUP/Basic process which we have used as a reference process in earlier research. We also include an analysis of the observed good practices. The result mainly confirms the order of CSPs in the anatomy, but we need to use our information of the maturity of products and the major life cycle in the organization in order to fully explain the role of the anatomy in planning of improvements.

  • 92.
    Gianquitto, Tina
    et al.
    Colorado Sch Mines, CO 80401 USA.
    Lafauci, Lauren E
    Linköping University, Department of Thematic Studies, The Department of Gender Studies. Linköping University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences.
    A case study in citizen environmental humanities: creating a participatory plant story website2022In: Journal of Environmental Studies and Sciences, ISSN 2190-6483, E-ISSN 2190-6491, Vol. 12, p. 327-340Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Public engagement in crowd-sourced science projects such as iNaturalist or the Audubon Christmas Bird Count is a longestablished practice within environmental studies and sciences. As a corollary to these "citizen science" efforts, "citizen humanities" engages public participation in humanities research and/or with humanities tools such as creative writing, photography, art-making, or conducting and recording interviews. In this essay, we outline our work creating a citizen environmental humanities website, Herbaria 3.0, including our motivations, process, and theoretical underpinnings. This project draws upon the critical understanding within environmental studies of the importance of narrative and storytelling for fostering a connection and commitment to environments and nonhuman beings. Situated within the field of environmental humanities, our website solicits, collects, and archives stories about the manifold relationships between plants and people, inviting visitors to read, share, or write their own story for digital publication. The kind of environmental storytelling that results, we argue, can (1) enrich our conceptualization of attachment to places, (2) expand our notion of what "counts" as an encounter with nature, and (3) help us recognize the agency of individual plants. We conclude that similar citizen humanities projects are crucial to the ongoing work of environmental humanities and environmental studies at large, for it is through such public engagement that we can meet the cultural challenges that seeded, and the societal problems occasioned by, ongoing climate change.

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  • 93.
    Evangelista, Pietro
    et al.
    IRAT-CNR and Department of Management and Engineering, University of Naples Federico II, Italy.
    Huge-Brodin, Maria
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Logistics Management. Linköping University, The Institute of Technology.
    Isaksson, Karin
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Logistics Management. Linköping University, The Institute of Technology.
    Sweeney, Edward
    National Institute for Transport and Logistics, Dublin Institute of Technology, Ireland.
    A case study investigation on purchasing green transport and logistics services2012In: Purchasing & Supply Management in a Changing World: IPSERA 2012 Conference Proceedings / [ed] Esposito, E., Evangelista, P., Pastore, G., Raffa, M., Napoli, Italia: Edizioni Scientifiche Italiane , 2012, p. WP17-1-WP17-13Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    n the context of green supply chain management, green purchasing has received increased attention over the past decade and the strategic importance of introducing green aspects into purchasing practices has been recognised. Despite this growing importance, little has been written in relation to purchasing green transport and logistics services. Considering the strong environmental impact associated with transport and logistics activities, much remains to be learned concerning buyer’s practices when sourcing more sustainable services from third party logistics companies (3PLs). The aim of this paper is to explore practices of buying green transport and logistics services in three different European countries (Italy, Ireland and Sweden) using a multiple case study research approach. The paper analyses how general environmental company ambitions and environmental purchasing practices are reflected when green transport and logistics services are purchased. The results of the paper indicate that while the case companies show a relatively high concern of green issues at company level, a lower importance is attributed to green issues at the purchasing function level. When green concerns in purchasing transport and logistics services are analysed the level of importance decrease dramatically. It emerges a conflicting attitude among the overall company level and the purchasing of transport and logistics services. This suggests that there is the potential for improvements especially in the area of green collaboration in buyer and supplier relationships. 

  • 94.
    Persson, Andreas
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Computer and Information Science. Linköping University, The Institute of Technology.
    Ringström, Johan
    Linköping University, Department of Computer and Information Science. Linköping University, The Institute of Technology.
    Fritzson, Peter
    Linköping University, Department of Computer and Information Science, PELAB - Programming Environment Laboratory. Linköping University, The Institute of Technology.
    A Case Study of Code Generator Generation for Embedded SIMD Computers1996Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Can today's most advanced compiler generation systems handle specialized parallel processor architectures? To answer this question, a compiler targeting the embedded RVIP SIMD architecture was generated, using a combination of the DML-P front-end generator and the BEG back-end generator from the CoSy compiler generation toolset. A number of difficulties were encountered when specifying the code generator, for example disability to denote arbitrary register sequences in BEG specifications. However, the end result was positive and a number of lessons were learned on how to improve and generalize the code generation framework. An industrial-strength radar image filtering application was compiled with the generated compiler, giving a benchmarked performance of 2.8 times slower compared to the the same application implemented in micro-code like assembly. Despite the slow-down, industry considered this to be much better than expected.

  • 95.
    Zawahri, Lawrence
    Linköping University, Department of Computer and Information Science, Software and Systems.
    A Case Study of Critical System Heuristics in a Student Project Setting2022Independent thesis Basic level (university diploma), 10,5 credits / 16 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    This thesis aims to study the use of Critical System Heuristic (CSH) in the requirements engineering (RE) process of a student software project. We have studied a software project within the framework of the TDDD96 course at Linköping University. The project consisted of a group of computer science students working with a representative from a company. As part of the course, the students had done the sustainability exercise SusAF, in which they evaluated their project based on multiple sustainability metrics. We have conducted one round of interviews with the RE student, the company representative, and an expert in the area. The answers were encoded and mapped to 12 CSH questions before being presented in the Ideal map table. The results produced by CSH show the many benefits of integrating CSH into the course. We have proposed different ways of integrating CSH with the SusAF exercise. From the result, we realized the importance of consulting a third party that could provide an outside perspective on different issues. However, an essential aspect of using CSH is to consult the appropriate party. To this end, we found that CSH could be used internally to point in the right direction.

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  • 96.
    Ardi, Shanai
    et al.
    Ericsson AB, Linköping, Sweden.
    Sandahl, Kristian
    Linköping University, Department of Computer and Information Science, Software and Systems. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Gustafsson, Mats
    Ericsson AB, Linköping, Sweden.
    A Case Study of Introducing Security Risk Assessment in Requirements Engineering in a Large Organization2023In: SN Computer Science, E-ISSN 2661-8907, Vol. 4, no 5, article id 488Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Software products are increasingly used in critical infrastructures, and verifying the security of these products has become a necessary part of every software development project. Effective and practical methods and processes are needed by software vendors and infrastructure operators to meet the existing extensive demand for security. This article describes a lightweight security risk assessment method that flags security issues as early as possible in the software project, namely during requirements analysis. The method requires minimal training effort, adds low overhead, and makes it possible to show immediate results to affected stakeholders. We present a longitudinal case study of how a large enterprise developing complex telecom products adopted this method all the way from pilot studies to full-scale regular use. Lessons learned from the case study provide knowledge about the impact that upskilling and training of requirements engineers have on reducing the risk of malfunctions or security vulnerabilities in situations where it is not possible to have security experts go through all requirements. The case study highlights the challenges of process changes in large organizations as well as the pros and cons of having centralized, distributed, or semi-distributed workforce for security assurance in requirements engineering.

  • 97.
    Eriksson, Mats
    Linköping University, Department of Computer and Information Science, Software and Systems.
    A case study of performance comparison between monolithic and microservice-based quality control system2020Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10,5 credits / 16 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Microservice architecture has emerged as a new way to create large complex applications by removing some problems that exist for a monolithic counterpart. While this will asset agility, resilience, maintainability and scalability within the application, other problems will be predominant such as performance. This case study aims to provide more clarity on this matter by comparing a microservice architecture with a monolithic architecture. By conducting several experiment on two self-developed systems it could be found that microservice architecture will must likely show a lower performance in terms of throughput and latency on HTTP requests which use internal communication requests. On small intensive HTTP requests with minimum internal communication the difference between the architectures is so low it could almost be neglected. With microservice architecture comes other challenges that a company must keep into account such loadbalancing, caching and orchestration which are beneficial for the performance.

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  • 98.
    Hansson, Erik
    Linköping University, Department of Computer and Information Science.
    A Case Study of  Semi-Automatic Parallelization of  Divide and Conquer Algorithms Using Invasive Interactive Parallelization2009Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (Two Years)), 20 credits / 30 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Since computers supporting parallel execution have become more and more common the last years, especially on the consumer market,  the need for methods and tools for parallelizing existing sequential programs has highly increased. Today there exist different methods of achieving this, in a more or less user friendly way. We have looked at one method, Invasive Interactive Parallelization (IIP), on a special problem area, divide and conquer algorithms, and performed a case study. This case study shows that by using IIP, sequential programs can be parallelized both for shared and distributed memory machines. We have focused on parallelizing Quick Sort for OpenMP and MPI environment using a tool, Reuseware, which is based on the concepts of Invasive Software Composition.

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  • 99.
    Höst, Gunnar E.
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Science and Technology, Media and Information Technology. Linköping University, The Institute of Technology.
    Schönborn, Konrad J.
    Linköping University, Department of Science and Technology, Media and Information Technology. Linköping University, The Institute of Technology.
    Lundin Palmerius, Karljohan
    Linköping University, Department of Science and Technology, Media and Information Technology. Linköping University, The Institute of Technology.
    A Case-Based Study of Students' Visuohaptic Experiences of Electric Fields around Molecules: Shaping the Development of Virtual Nanoscience Learning Environments2013In: Education Research International, ISSN 2090-4002, E-ISSN 2090-4010, Vol. 2013, article id 194363Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Recent educational research has suggested that immersive multisensory virtual environments offer learners unique and exciting knowledge-building opportunities for the construction of scientific knowledge. This paper delivers a case-based study of students’ immersive interaction with electric fields around molecules in a multisensory visuohaptic virtual environment. The virtual architecture presented here also has conceptual connections to the flourishing quest in contemporary literature for the pressing need to communicate nanoscientific ideas to learners. Five upper secondary school students’ prior conceptual understanding of electric fields and their application of this knowledge to molecular contexts, were probed prior to exposure to the virtual model. Subsequently, four students interacted with the visuohaptic model while performing think-aloud tasks. An inductive and heuristic treatment of videotaped verbal and behavioural data revealed distinct interrelationships between students’ interactive strategies implemented when executing tasks in the virtual system and the nature of their conceptual knowledge deployed. The obtained qualitative case study evidence could serve as an empirical basis for informing the rendering and communication of overarching nanoscale ideas. At the time of composing this paper for publication in the current journal, the research findings of this study have been put into motion in informing a broader project goal of developing educational virtual environments for depicting nanophenomena.

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    Höst et al 2013
  • 100.
    Bäckman, Carl G
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Orwelius, Lotti
    Linköping University, Department of Medical and Health Sciences. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Sjöberg, Folke
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Burn Unit . Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Sinnescentrum, Department of Plastic Surgery, Hand surgery UHL.
    Fredrikson, Mats
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Occupational and Environmental Medicine. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Walther, Sten M
    Linköping University, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Physiology. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Heart and Medicine Centre, Department of Thoracic and Vascular Surgery in Östergötland.
    A case-control study of the influence of the ICU-diary concept on mastery and hopelessness six months after critical illnessManuscript (preprint) (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    The ICU-diary concept is associated with less post-traumatic stress syndrome and improved perceived health-related quality-of-life (HRQoL) after critical illness, but little is known about its effect on the coping- mastery process, or whether it reduces hopelessness.

    Objective: To see if the ICU-diary concept improves the patient’s ability to master his/her situation after critical illness, and if it reduces the feeling of hopelessness.

    Design: Case control study (subgroup analysis of a multi-centre study on health-related quality-of-life (HRQoL).

    Setting: Non-academic 8-bed general ICU.

    Patients: Adults admitted between March 2002 and June 2004.

    Measurements: Mastery and hopelessness were determined using validated questionnaires (the Mastery-Coping scale and a consolidated 2–item hopelessness questionnaire) which were sent home to patients 6 months after critical illness. Responses were compared between patients that received (Cases: n=38) or did not receive an ICU-diary (Controls: n=76) . Diaries were used when a long and complicated stay on the ICU was expected. Controls were matched with diary patients by gender and age. The effect of the ICU-diary was also examined using a multiple regression model.

    Results: The ICU-diary concept group scored significantly higher than the No-diary group in mastery (22.1 vs. 20.4, P<0.05) and lower in hopelessness scores (1.3 vs. 1.6, P<0.05). The positive influence of the ICU-diary disappeared after adjustment for confounding factors in a multiple regression model.

    Conclusion: We were unable to verify any positive influence of the ICU-diary concept on mastery and hopelessness 6 months after critical illness.

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