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  • 51.
    Axehill, Daniel
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Electrical Engineering, Automatic Control. Linköping University, The Institute of Technology.
    Hansson, Anders
    Linköping University, Department of Electrical Engineering, Automatic Control. Linköping University, The Institute of Technology.
    A Dual Gradient Projection Quadratic Programming Algorithm Tailored for Mixed Integer Predictive Control2008Report (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    The objective of this work is to derive a Mixed Integer Quadratic Programming algorithm tailored for Model Predictive Control for hybrid systems. The Mixed Integer Quadratic Programming algorithm is built on the branch and bound method, where Quadratic Programming relaxations of the original problem are solved in the nodes of a binary search tree. The difference between these subproblems is often small and therefore it is interesting to be able to use a previous solution as a starting point in a new subproblem. This is referred to as a warm start of the solver. Because of its warm start properties, an algorithm that works similar to an active set method is desired. A drawback with classical active set methods is that they often require many iterations in order to find the active set in optimum. So-called gradient projection methods are known to be able to identify this active set very fast. In the algorithm presented in this report, an algorithm built on gradient projection and projection of a Newton search direction onto the feasible set is used. It is a variant of a previously presented algorithm by the authors and makes it straightforward to utilize the previous result, where it is shown how the Newton search direction for the dual MPC problem can be computed very efficiently using Riccati recursions. As in the previous work, this operation can be performed with linear computational complexity in the prediction horizon. Moreover, the gradient computation used in the gradient projection part of the algorithm is also tailored for the problem in order to decrase the computational complexity. Furthermore, is is shown how a Riccati recursion still can be useful in the case when the system of equations for the ordinary search directino is inconsistent. In numerical experiments, the algorithm shows good performance, and it seems like the gradient projection strategy efficiently cuts down the number of Newton steps necessary to compute in order to reach the solution. When the algorithm is used as a part of an MIQP solver for hybrid MPC, the performance is still very good for small problems. However, for more difficult problems, there still seems to be some more work to do in order to get the performance of the commercial state-of-the-art solver CPLEX.

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    FULLTEXT01
  • 52.
    Säll, Erik
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Electrical Engineering.
    Andersson, Ola
    Linköping University, Department of Electrical Engineering.
    Vesterbacka, Mark
    Linköping University, Department of Electrical Engineering. Linköping University, Department of Electrical Engineering, Electronics System.
    A dynamic element matching technique for flash analog-to-digital converters2004In: Proc. 8th Nordic Signal Processing Symp., NORSIG'04, 2004, p. 137-140Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    A flash analog-to-digital converter is proposed that employs a new dynamic element matching architecture. The architecture uses a new strategy of incorporating switches in the voltage reference generator that allows lower hardware complexity and higher conversion speed than comparable converters. The converter has been modeled and simulated on a behavioral level in Matlab. The results indicate good linearity properties that together with the expected speed performance should make it suitable in intended communications applications.

  • 53.
    Karlsson, B
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology. Linköping University, The Institute of Technology.
    Karlsson, N
    Defence Research Establishment, Linköping.
    Wide, P
    Örebro University.
    A dynamic safety system based on sensor fusion2000In: Journal of Intelligent Manufacturing, ISSN 0956-5515, E-ISSN 1572-8145, Vol. 11, no 5, p. 475-483Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Machines in industry, including industrial robots, have in many cases dramatically reduced the man-made work and improved the work environment. New machines introduce, however, new risk factors. Traditionally machines are safeguarded by means that more or less rigidly separates the machines from the personnel. This works well in many traditional areas, i.e., where industrial robots are involved. There is however a risk that the safety system limits the valuable flexibility of the robot, which can be considered as a quality that tends to become even more valuable in the progress of programming possibilities and sensor technology. This article shows an example how a safety system can be designed to achieve increased flexibility in co-operation between human and production safety strategy. The proposed safety system is totally based on sensor information that monitors the working area, calculate the safety level and improve the system dynamically, e.g., reduce the robot capability in conjunction to the system safety level. The safety system gain information from the sensors and calculates a risk level which controls the robot speed, i.e., the speed is reduced to achieve a sufficiently low risk level. The sensor data is combined with fuzzy-based sensor fusion and fuzzy rules. The safety system is based on sensor information, hence it automatically adjusts to changes in the guarded area as long as the functionality of the sensors is maintained. Finally, we present a system implementation in an industrial robot application.

  • 54.
    Eklind, Anton
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Political Science.
    A Europeanist or a Transatlantic EU Grand Strategy?: A comparative study of how Germany and France approach EU grand strategy2022Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (Two Years)), 20 credits / 30 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    The aim of this research is to analyse the development of an EU grand strategy, using the two dominant EU powers Germany and France and their respective approach to an EU grand strategy. The importance of the EU grand strategy cannot be underestimated as it concerns the national security of all citizens in the EU. Research in this area which contributes with more findings addressing new information must be seen as urgent and relevant. While other studies have researched the development of the EU grand strategy, the recent international structural events in the form of the 2022 Russo-Ukrainian War have not yet been studied.

    The concepts that will be used are strategic culture and strategic autonomy, with the purpose to provide insights on Germany’s and France’s approach to an EU grand strategy. Strategic culture and strategic autonomy will use theoretical assumptions based on constructivism and structural realism respectively.

    The findings are that Germany is still a major proponent of a transatlantic EU grand strategy, while France remains supportive of a Europeanist EU grand strategy. Recent events with the 2022 Russo-Ukrainian War have led to that Germany have decided to abandon its energy dependency towards Russia and significantly increase its military spend to the by NATO stipulated two percent of GDP. These events will affect the development of the EU grand strategy, but the current signs are that Germany and France will not change their approach on the EU grand strategy because of this.

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    Master thesis_A_Eklind
  • 55.
    Hu, Zhang-Jun
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Molecular Surface Physics and Nano Science. Linköping University, The Institute of Technology. Tongji University, Shanghai, China .
    Hu, Jiwen
    Tongji University, Shanghai, China .
    Cui, Yang
    Tongji University, Shanghai, China .
    Wang, Guannan
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Molecular Surface Physics and Nano Science. Linköping University, The Institute of Technology.
    Zhang, Xuanjun
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Molecular Surface Physics and Nano Science. Linköping University, The Institute of Technology.
    Uvdal, Kajsa
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Molecular Surface Physics and Nano Science. Linköping University, The Institute of Technology.
    Gao, Hong-Wen
    Tongji University, Shanghai, China .
    A facile "click" reaction to fabricate a FRET-based ratiometric fluorescent Cu2+ probe2014In: Journal of materials chemistry. B, ISSN 2050-750X, E-ISSN 2050-7518, Vol. 2, no 28, p. 4467-4472Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    A facile one-step Cu(I)-catalyzed "click" reaction, between a dansyl-azide and a propargyl-substituted rhodamine B hydrazide, is employed to fabricate a novel FRET ratiometric "off-on" fluorescent probe. The sensitive emission of the donor, a dansyl group, overlaps perfectly with the absorption of the acceptor, xanthene in the open-ring rhodamine. The proposed probe shows high selectivity towards Cu2+. The ratio of emission intensities at 568 and 540 nm (I-568/I-540) exhibits a drastic 28-fold enhancement upon addition of Cu2+. The probe shows an excellent linear relationship between emission ratios and the concentrations of Cu2+ from 10 to 50 mu M, with a detection limit (S/N = 3) of 0.12 mu M. The preliminary cellular studies demonstrated that the probe is cell membrane permeable and could be applied for ratiometric fluorescence imaging of intracellular Cu2+ with almost no cytotoxicity. The ingenuity of the probe design is to construct a FRET donor-acceptor interconnector and a selective receptor simultaneously by "click" reaction. The strategy was verified to have great potential for developing novel FRET probes for Cu2+.

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  • 56.
    Ma, Zaifei
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Biomolecular and Organic Electronics. Linköping University, The Institute of Technology.
    Dang, Dongfeng
    Chalmers, Sweden Xiangtan University, Peoples R China .
    Tang, Zheng
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Biomolecular and Organic Electronics. Linköping University, The Institute of Technology.
    Gedefaw, Desta
    Chalmers, Sweden .
    Bergqvist, Jonas
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Biomolecular and Organic Electronics. Linköping University, The Institute of Technology.
    Zhu, Weiguo
    Xiangtan University, Peoples R China .
    Mammo, Wendimagegn
    University of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia .
    Andersson, Mats R.
    Chalmers, Sweden .
    Inganäs, Olle
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Biomolecular and Organic Electronics. Linköping University, The Institute of Technology.
    Zhang, Fengling
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Biomolecular and Organic Electronics. Linköping University, The Institute of Technology.
    Wang, Ergang
    Chalmers, Sweden .
    A Facile Method to Enhance Photovoltaic Performance of Benzodithiophene-Isoindigo Polymers by Inserting Bithiophene Spacer2014In: Advanced Energy Materials, ISSN 1614-6832, E-ISSN 1614-6840, Vol. 4, no 6Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    A series of conjugated polymers containing benzodithiophene as donor and isoindigo as acceptor with no, one, two and three thiophene spacer groups is synthesized and characterized. The polymer with bithiophene as a spacer has a superior efficiency of 7.31% in solar cells. This demonstrates an important design strategy to produce polymers for high-performance solar cells by inserting thiophene spacer groups.

  • 57.
    Bårman, Håkan
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Electrical Engineering, Computer Vision. Linköping University, The Institute of Technology.
    Knutsson, Hans
    Linköping University, Department of Electrical Engineering, Computer Vision. Linköping University, The Institute of Technology.
    Granlund, Gösta H.
    Linköping University, Department of Electrical Engineering, Computer Vision. Linköping University, The Institute of Technology.
    A Filtering Strategy for Orientation and Curvature Description1989In: The 6th Scandinavian Conference on Image Analysis: Oulu, Finland, 1989, p. 886-889Conference paper (Refereed)
  • 58.
    Duma, Claudiu
    et al.
    Linköping University, The Institute of Technology. Linköping University, Department of Computer and Information Science, Database and information techniques.
    Shahmehri, Nahid
    Linköping University, Department of Computer and Information Science, Database and information techniques. Linköping University, The Institute of Technology.
    Lambrix, Patrick
    Linköping University, Department of Computer and Information Science, Database and information techniques. Linköping University, The Institute of Technology.
    A flexible category-based collusion-resistant key management scheme for multicast2003In: Security and privacy in the age of uncertainty: IFIP TC11 18th International Conference on Information Security (SEC2003) May 26-28, 2003, Athens, Greece / [ed] Dimitris Gritzalis; Sabrina De Capitani di Vimercati; Pierangela Samarati; Sokratis Katsikas, Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2003, p. 133-144Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Current key management schemes for multicast provide either no resistance to collusion or perfect resistance to collusion. However, resistance to collusion is achieved at the expense of efficiency in terms of the number of transmissions and the number of keys that are used. We argue that applications may have certain assumptions regarding the users and their access to the multicast channel that may be used to provide a broader range of choices for balancing efficiency against resistance to collusion.

    We formalize the collusion requirement based upon the users' access to the multicast channel. Different user categorizations give different degrees of collusion resistance and we show that the existing work has focused on special cases of user categorizations. Further, we go on to propose and evaluate a flexible key management strategy for the general case where the accessibility relation defines the order of exclusion of the categories. The theoretical and experimental results show that our scheme has good performance regarding transmissions and keys per controller.

  • 59.
    Wang, Qunzhi
    et al.
    Department of Industrial Engineering and Management Tokyo Institute of Technology.
    Tang, Ou
    Linköping University, The Institute of Technology. Linköping University, Department of Production Economics.
    Tsao, De-bi
    Department of Industrial Engineering and Management Tokyo Institute of Technology.
    A flexible contract strategy in a supply chain with an inflexible production mode2006In: International Journal of Operational Research, ISSN 1745-7645, Vol. 1, no 3, p. 228-248Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    This paper presents a flexible supply contract with call options model for an inflexible supply chain, where the supplier only has an opportunity to produce one batch due to a long lead-time limitation. In such systems, there are eventually two decision points. At the beginning of the planning horizon, the supplier offers a wholesale price, and possibly also option purchasing and exercising prices. In addition to a firm initial order, the buyer can purchase options to adjust order quantity later. The supplier then determines the production volume. At the second decision point, with updated forecast, the buyer finalises the order quantity by exercising options. We formulate both the buyer's and the supplier's profit functions. Furthermore, we develop explicit expressions to determine the buyer's optimal decisions, and calculate the supplier's optimal decisions numerically. In numerical study, we illustrate that such a flexible contract strategy improves both the buyer's and supplier's profits. Copyright © 2006 Inderscience Enterprises Ltd.

  • 60.
    Qin, Leiqiang
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Biomolecular and Organic Electronics. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Jiang, Jianxia
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Thin Film Physics. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering. Jinan Univ, Peoples R China.
    Tao, Quanzheng
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Thin Film Physics. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Wang, Chuan Fei
    Linköping University, Department of Science and Technology, Laboratory of Organic Electronics. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Persson, Ingemar
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Thin Film Physics. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Fahlman, Mats
    Linköping University, Department of Science and Technology, Laboratory of Organic Electronics. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Persson, Per O A
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Thin Film Physics. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Hou, Lintao
    Jinan Univ, Peoples R China.
    Rosén, Johanna
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Thin Film Physics. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Zhang, Fengling
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Biomolecular and Organic Electronics. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering. Jinan Univ, Peoples R China.
    A flexible semitransparent photovoltaic supercapacitor based on water-processed MXene electrodes2020In: Journal of Materials Chemistry A, ISSN 2050-7488, E-ISSN 2050-7496, Vol. 8, no 11, p. 5467-5475Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Solar energy, although it has the highest power density available in terms of renewable energy, has the drawback of being erratic. Integrating an energy harvesting and storage device into photovoltaic energy storage modules is a viable route for obtaining self-powered energy systems. Herein, an MXene-based all-solution processed semitransparent flexible photovoltaic supercapacitor (PSC) was fabricated by integrating a flexible organic photovoltaic (OPV) with Ti3C2Tx MXene as the electrode and transparent MXene supercapacitors with an organic ionogel as the electrolyte in the vertical direction, using Ti3C2Tx thin film as a common electrode. In the quest for a semitransparent flexible PSC, Ti3C2Tx MXene was first used as a transparent electrode for OPV with a high power conversion efficiency of 13.6%. The ionogel electrolyte-based transparent MXene supercapacitor shows a high volumetric capacitance of 502 F cm(-3) and excellent stability. Finally, a flexible PSC with a high average transmittance of over 33.5% was successfully constructed by all-solution processing and a remarkable storage efficiency of 88% was achieved. This strategy enables a simple route for fabricating MXene based high-performance all-solution-processed flexible PSCs, which is important for realizing flexible and printable electronics for future technologies.

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  • 61.
    Lindblom, Sofie
    Linköping University, Department of Science and Technology, Media and Information Technology. Linköping University, The Institute of Technology.
    A framework for disruptive innovation in an industry where everything is innovative2015Independent thesis Advanced level (professional degree), 20 credits / 30 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    This master thesis is written as a part of The Media Technology program at Linköping University in collaboration with the streaming music company Spotify. The thesis investigates how a software company in the modern age effectively and organically can stay innovative through times. The thesis maps out strategies, models and methods currently known, analyses Spotify’s innovative efforts over the past year and suggests a framework tailored to the needs of the company.

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  • 62.
    Flodström, Raquel
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering. Linköping University, The Institute of Technology.
    A Framework for the Strategic Management of Information Technology2006Licentiate thesis, monograph (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    Strategy and IT research has been extensively discussed during the past 40 years. Two scientific disciplines Management Science (MS) and Management Information Science (MIS) investigate the importance of IT as a competitive factor. However, although much research is available in both disciplines, it is still difficult to explain how to manage IT to enable competitive advantages. One reason is that MS research focuses on strategies and competitive environments but avoids the analysis of IT. Another reason is that MIS research focuses on IT as a competitive factor but avoids the analysis of the competitive environment. Consequently, there is a gap of knowledge in the understanding of the strategic management of information technology (SMIT).

    The strategic analysis of IT as a competitive factor is important for achieving the competitive advantages of IT. This thesis explores factors related to strategy and IT that should be considered for the strategic analysis of IT as a competitive factor, and proposes a framework for SMIT. The research is conducted by means of a qualitative analysis of theoretical data from the disciplines of MS and MIS. Data is explored to find factors related to SMIT.

    The results of the analysis show that the strategic management of information technology is a continuous process of evaluation, change, and alignment between factors such as competitive environment, competitive strategies (business and IT strategies), competitive outcome, and competitive factors (IT). Therefore, the understanding of the relationships between these factors is essential in order to achieve the competitive advantages of using IT.

    This thesis contributes to strategic management research by clarifying the relationships between strategic management, competitive environment, and IT as competitive factor into a holistic framework for strategic analysis. The framework proposed is valuable not only for business managers and for IT managers, but also for academics. The framework is designed to understand the relationship between competitive elements during the process of strategic analysis prior to the formulation of competitive strategies. Moreover, it can also be used as a communication tool between managers, in order to achieve alignment among company strategies. To academics, this thesis presents the state-of-the-art related to strategic management research; it can also be a valuable reference for strategic managers, as well as researchers interested in the strategic management of IT.

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    FULLTEXT01
  • 63.
    Gillström, Henrik
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Logistics & Quality Management. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Grauers, Anders
    A framework to describe electrification of logistics systems2023Conference paper (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    Purpose: Electrifying freight deliveries is viewed as a vital step in reducing the sector's environmental impact. However, the logistics systems are not uniform and different systems pose different challenges, thus likely to use different electrification strategies. The purpose of this paper is to develop a framework to describe how different logistic systems relate to different electrification challenges, and what type of electrification strategy is suitable for which logistics systems.

    Research Approach: The study uses a descriptive approach to create a framework with empirical data from two ongoing research projects through interviews, workshops, and seminars. Suitable electrification strategies for different logistics systems are determined. 

    Findings and Originality: The proposed framework illustrates how different transport segments can be described and how the segments can be combined with charging strategies. Furthermore, by combining the segments and charging strategies, it is possible to identify suitable electrification strategies in different types of systems. 

    Research Impact: This study takes a holistic view of logistics systems and electrification, to shed light on enablers and barriers for electrification of trucks in different types of logistics contexts. 

    Practical Impact: The framework can build an understanding of aspects that must be considered in different systems and situations. It will help identify transport segments which are more or less suitable for electrification depending on how developed the public charging infrastructure is. 

  • 64.
    Yi, Yangpeiqi
    et al.
    Department of Materials, University of Manchester.
    Yu, Chuang
    Department of Computer Science, University of Manchester.
    Zhai, Heng
    Department of Materials, University of Manchester.
    Jin, Lu
    Department of Materials, University of Manchester.
    Cheng, Dongxu
    Department of Mechanical, Aerospace and Civil Engineering, University of Manchester.
    Lu, Yifeng
    College of Architecture, Hunan University.
    Chen, Zhongda
    Department of Materials, University of Manchester.
    Xu, Lulu
    Department of Materials, University of Manchester.
    Li, Jiashen
    Department of Materials, University of Manchester.
    Song, Qinwen
    School of Textile Science and Engineering, Xi’an Polytechnic University.
    Yue, Pengfei
    School of Textile Science and Engineering, Xi’an Polytechnic University.
    Liu, Zekun
    Department of Materials, University of Manchester.
    Li, Yi
    Department of Materials, University of Manchester and School of Textile Science and Engineering, Xi’an Polytechnic University.
    A free-standing humidity sensor with high sensing reliability for environmental and wearable detection2022In: Nano Energy, ISSN 2211-2855, E-ISSN 2211-3282, Vol. 103, p. 107780-107780, article id 107780Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Humidity measurement has been of extreme importance in both conventional environment monitoring and emerging digital health management. State-of-the-art flexible humidity sensors with combined structures, however, lack sensing reliability when they subject to high humidity with condensation and/or liquid water invasion. Here, we report a free-standing humidity sensor by creating a stable open porous graphite structure and controlling the number of oxygen-related groups at the molecular level. The sensor indicates high sensing reliability against water liquid wetting and machine washing as well as many mechanical deformations. We demonstrate the sensor has wide potential applications in challenge environmental monitoring and wearable body area sensing networks. Particularly, the concept of the humidity sensing strategy is applicative to not only cellulose-based materials such as cotton and linen, but also protein-based materials such as silk, paving a new route for producing high-performance and cost-effective humidity sensors.

  • 65.
    Cao, Cejun
    et al.
    Chongqing Technol & Business Univ, Peoples R China.
    Liu, Yang
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Environmental Technology and Management. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering. Univ Vaasa, Finland.
    Tang, Ou
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Production Economics. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Gao, Xuehong
    Univ Sci & Technol Beijing, Peoples R China.
    A fuzzy bi-level optimization model for multi-period post-disaster relief distribution in sustainable humanitarian supply chains2021In: International Journal of Production Economics, ISSN 0925-5273, E-ISSN 1873-7579, Vol. 235, article id 108081Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    In the aftermath of large-scale natural disasters, supply shortage and inequitable distribution cause various losses, hindering humanitarian supply chains? performance. The optimal decisions are difficult due to the complexity arising from the multi-period post-disaster consideration, uncertainty of supplies, hierarchal decision levels and conflicting objectives in sustainable humanitarian supply chains (SHSCs). This paper formulates the problem as a fuzzy tri-objective bi-level integer programming model to minimize the unmet demand rate, potential environmental risks, emergency costs on the upper level of decision hierarchy and maximize survivors? perceived satisfaction on the lower level of decision hierarchy. A hybrid global criterion method is devised to incorporate a primal-dual algorithm, expected value and branch-and-bound approach in solving the model. A case study using data from the Wenchuan earthquake is presented to evaluate the proposed model. Study results indicate that the hybrid global criterion method guides an optimal strategy for such a complex problem within a reasonable computational time. More attention should be attached to the environmental and economic sustainability aspects in SHSCs after golden rescue stage. The proposed bi-level optimization model has the advantages of reducing the total unmet demand rate, total potential environmental risks and total emergency costs. If the decision-agents with higher authorities act as the leaders with dominant power in SHSCs, the optimal decisions, respectively taking hierarchical and horizontal relationships into account would result in equal performance.

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  • 66.
    Ahlström, Christer
    et al.
    Swedish National Road and Transport Research Institute, Linköping, Sweden.
    Kircher, Katja
    Swedish National Road and Transport Research Institute, Linköping, Sweden.
    Kircher, Albert
    Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Heart and Medicine Center, Department of Clinical Physiology in Linköping.
    A Gaze-Based Driver Distraction Warning System and Its Effect on Visual Behavior2013In: IEEE transactions on intelligent transportation systems (Print), ISSN 1524-9050, E-ISSN 1558-0016, Vol. 14, no 2, p. 965-973Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Driver distraction is a contributing factor to many crashes; therefore, a real-time distraction warning system should have the potential to mitigate or circumvent many of these crashes. The objective of this paper is to investigate the usefulness of a real-time distraction detection algorithm called AttenD. The evaluation is based on data from an extended field study comprising seven drivers who drove on an average of 4351 +/- 2181 km in a naturalistic setting. Visual behavior was investigated both on a global scale and on a local scale in the surroundings of each warning. An increase in the percentage of glances at the rear-view mirror and a decrease in the amount of glances at the center console were found. The results also show that visual time sharing decreased in duration from 9.94 to 9.20 s due to the warnings, that the time from fully attentive to warning decreased from 3.20 to 3.03 s, and that the time from warning to full attentiveness decreased from 6.02 to 5.46 s. The limited number of participants does not allow any generalizable conclusions, but a trend toward improved visual behavior could be observed. This is a promising start for further improvements of the algorithm and the warning strategy.

  • 67.
    Larsson, L. Viktor
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Fluid and Mechatronic Systems. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Krus, Petter
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Fluid and Mechatronic Systems. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    A General Approach to Low-Level Control of Heavy Complex Hybrid Hydromechanical Transmissions2018In: BATH/ASME 2018 Symposium on Fluid Power and Motion Control, ASME Press, 2018Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    This paper focuses on the low-level control of heavy complex hydraulic hybrids, taking stability and the dynamic properties of the included components into account. A linear model which can describe a high number of hybrid configurations in a straightforward manner is derived and used for the development of a general multiple input multiple output (MIMO) decoupling control strategy. This strategy is tested in non-linear simulations of an example vehicle and stability requirements for the low-level actuators are derived. The results show that static decoupling may be used to simplify the control problem to three individual loops controlling pressure, output speed and engine speed. In particular, the pressure and output speed loops rely on fast displacement controllers for stability. In addition, it was found that the decoupling is facilitated if the hydrostatic units have equal response. The low-level control of heavy complex hydraulic hybrids may thus imply other demands on actuators than what is traditionally assumed.

  • 68.
    Bruhn, Sören
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of Clinical Sciences. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Fang, Yu
    Guiyang Medical Coll, Peoples R China University of Gothenburg, Sweden .
    Barrenäs, Fredrik
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of Clinical Sciences. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Gustafsson, Mika
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of Clinical Sciences. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Zhang, Huan
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of Clinical Sciences. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Konstantinell, Aelita
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of Clinical Sciences. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Kronke, Andrea
    Cenix BioScience GmbH, Germany .
    Sonnichsen, Birte
    Cenix BioScience GmbH, Germany .
    Bresnick, Anne
    Albert Einstein Coll Med, NY 10461 USA .
    Dulyaninova, Natalya
    Albert Einstein Coll Med, NY 10461 USA .
    Wang, Hui
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of Clinical Sciences. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Zhao, Yelin
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of Clinical Sciences. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Klingelhofer, Jorg
    University of Copenhagen, Denmark .
    Ambartsumian, Noona
    University of Copenhagen, Denmark .
    Beck, Mette K.
    Technical University of Denmark, Denmark .
    Nestor, Colm
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of Clinical Sciences. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Bona, Elsa
    Boras Hospital, Sweden .
    Xiang, Zou
    University of Gothenburg, Sweden .
    Benson, Mikael
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of Clinical Sciences. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Heart and Medicine Center, Allergy Center. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Center of Paediatrics and Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Department of Paediatrics in Linköping.
    A Generally Applicable Translational Strategy Identifies S100A4 as a Candidate Gene in Allergy2014In: Science Translational Medicine, ISSN 1946-6234, E-ISSN 1946-6242, Vol. 6, no 218Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The identification of diagnostic markers and therapeutic candidate genes in common diseases is complicated by the involvement of thousands of genes. We hypothesized that genes co-regulated with a key gene in allergy, IL13, would form a module that could help to identify candidate genes. We identified a T helper 2 (T(H)2) cell module by small interfering RNA-mediated knockdown of 25 putative IL13-regulating transcription factors followed by expression profiling. The module contained candidate genes whose diagnostic potential was supported by clinical studies. Functional studies of human TH2 cells as well as mouse models of allergy showed that deletion of one of the genes, S100A4, resulted in decreased signs of allergy including TH2 cell activation, humoral immunity, and infiltration of effector cells. Specifically, dendritic cells required S100A4 for activating T cells. Treatment with an anti-S100A4 antibody resulted in decreased signs of allergy in the mouse model as well as in allergen-challenged T cells from allergic patients. This strategy, which may be generally applicable to complex diseases, identified and validated an important diagnostic and therapeutic candidate gene in allergy.

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  • 69.
    Johnander, Joakim
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Electrical Engineering, Computer Vision. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering. Zenuity, Sweden.
    Danelljan, Martin
    Linköping University, Department of Electrical Engineering, Computer Vision. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering. ETH Zurich, Switzerland.
    Brissman, Emil
    Linköping University, Department of Electrical Engineering, Computer Vision. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering. Saab, Sweden.
    Khan, Fahad Shahbaz
    Linköping University, Department of Electrical Engineering, Computer Vision. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering. IIAI, UAE.
    Felsberg, Michael
    Linköping University, Department of Electrical Engineering, Computer Vision. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    A generative appearance model for end-to-end video object segmentation2019In: 2019 IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR), Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE), 2019, p. 8945-8954Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    One of the fundamental challenges in video object segmentation is to find an effective representation of the target and background appearance. The best performing approaches resort to extensive fine-tuning of a convolutional neural network for this purpose. Besides being prohibitively expensive, this strategy cannot be truly trained end-to-end since the online fine-tuning procedure is not integrated into the offline training of the network. To address these issues, we propose a network architecture that learns a powerful representation of the target and background appearance in a single forward pass. The introduced appearance module learns a probabilistic generative model of target and background feature distributions. Given a new image, it predicts the posterior class probabilities, providing a highly discriminative cue, which is processed in later network modules. Both the learning and prediction stages of our appearance module are fully differentiable, enabling true end-to-end training of the entire segmentation pipeline. Comprehensive experiments demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach on three video object segmentation benchmarks. We close the gap to approaches based on online fine-tuning on DAVIS17, while operating at 15 FPS on a single GPU. Furthermore, our method outperforms all published approaches on the large-scale YouTube-VOS dataset.

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  • 70.
    Oliveira, Hui
    et al.
    KTH Royal Inst Technol, Sweden; Scania CV AB, Sweden.
    Ljungqvist, Oskar
    Linköping University, Department of Electrical Engineering, Automatic Control. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Lima, Pedro F.
    Scania CV AB, Sweden.
    Wahlberg, Bo
    KTH Royal Inst Technol, Sweden.
    A Geometric Approach to On-road Motion Planning for Long and Multi-Body Heavy-Duty Vehicles2020In: 2020 IEEE INTELLIGENT VEHICLES SYMPOSIUM (IV), IEEE , 2020, p. 999-1006Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Driving heavy-duty vehicles, such as buses and tractor-trailer vehicles, is a difficult task in comparison to passenger cars. Most research on motion planning for autonomous vehicles has focused on passenger vehicles, and many unique challenges associated with heavy-duty vehicles remain open. However, recent works have started to tackle the particular difficulties related to on-road motion planning for buses and tractor-trailer vehicles using numerical optimization approaches. In this work, we propose a framework to design an optimization objective to be used in motion planners. Based on geometric derivations, the method finds the optimal trade-off between the conflicting objectives of centering different axles of the vehicle in the lane. For the buses, we consider the front and rear axles trade-off, whereas for articulated vehicles, we consider the tractor and trailer rear axles trade-off. Our results show that the proposed design strategy produces planned paths that considerably improve the behavior of heavy-duty vehicles by keeping the whole vehicle body in the center of the lane.

  • 71.
    Chen, Haiyang
    et al.
    Soochow Univ, Peoples R China.
    Zhang, Rui
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Electronic and photonic materials. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Chen, Xiaobin
    Soochow Univ, Peoples R China.
    Zeng, Guang
    Soochow Univ, Peoples R China.
    Kobera, Libor
    Czech Acad Sci, Czech Republic.
    Abbrent, Sabina
    Czech Acad Sci, Czech Republic.
    Zhang, Ben
    Soochow Univ, Peoples R China.
    Chen, Weijie
    Soochow Univ, Peoples R China.
    Xu, Guiying
    Soochow Univ, Peoples R China.
    Oh, Jiyeon
    Ulsan Natl Inst Sci & Technol, South Korea.
    Kang, So-Huei
    Ulsan Natl Inst Sci & Technol, South Korea.
    Chen, Shanshan
    Chongqing Univ, Peoples R China.
    Yang, Changduk
    Ulsan Natl Inst Sci & Technol, South Korea.
    Brus, Jiri
    Czech Acad Sci, Czech Republic.
    Hou, Jianhui
    Chinese Acad Sci, Peoples R China.
    Gao, Feng
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Electronic and photonic materials. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Li, Yaowen
    Soochow Univ, Peoples R China.
    Li, Yongfang
    Soochow Univ, Peoples R China; Chinese Acad Sci, Peoples R China.
    A guest-assisted molecular-organization approach for >17% efficiency organic solar cells using environmentally friendly solvents2021In: Nature Energy, E-ISSN 2058-7546, Vol. 6, no 11, p. 1045-1053Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of laboratory-sized organic solar cells (OSCs), usually processed from low-boiling-point and toxic solvents, have reached high values of over 18%. However, there is usually a notable drop of the PCEs when green solvents are used, limiting practical development of OSCs. Herein, we obtain certificated PCEs over 17% in OSCs processed from a green solvent paraxylene (PX) by a guest-assisted assembly strategy, where a third component (guest) is employed to manipulate the molecular interaction of the binary blend. In addition, the high-boiling-point green solvent PX also enables us to deposit a uniform large-area module (36 cm(2)) with a high efficiency of over 14%. The strong molecular interaction between the host and guest molecules also enhances the operational stability of the devices. Our guest-assisted assembly strategy provides a unique approach to develop large-area and high-efficiency OSCs processed from green solvents, paving the way for industrial development of OSCs. Organic solar cells processed from green solvents are easier to implement in manufacturing yet their efficiency is low. Chen et al. devise a guest molecule to improve the molecular packing, enabling devices with over 17% efficiency.

  • 72.
    Mendes-Santos, Cristina
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Culture and Communication, Culture and Aesthetics. Linköping University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences. Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.
    Weiderpass, Elisabete
    Institute of Population-Based Cancer Research, Oslo, Norway; University of Tromsø, The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway; Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
    Santana, Rui
    Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.
    Andersson, Gerhard
    Linköping University, Department of Behavioural Sciences and Learning, Psychology. Linköping University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences. Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
    A guided internet-delivered individually-tailored ACT-influenced cognitive behavioural intervention to improve psychosocial outcomes in breast cancer survivors (iNNOVBC): Study protocol2019In: Internet Interventions, ISSN 2214-7829, Internet interventions, ISSN 2214-7829, Vol. 17, article id 100236Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Background: Internet-delivered interventions can provide remarkable opportunities in addressing breast cancer survivors' unmet support care needs, as they present an effective strategy to improve care coordination and provide access to efficacious, cost-efficient and convenient survivorship care. Nevertheless, research focusing on improving survivors' psychosocial needs using internet-based tools is scarce and its practical implementation is limited.

    Objectives: To study the acceptability, feasibility, efficacy and cost-effectiveness of iNNOVBC, a 10 weeks guided internet-delivered individually-tailored Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT)-influenced cognitive behavioural (CBT) intervention developed to improve mild to moderate anxiety and depression in Breast cancer survivors when compared to treatment as usual (TAU) in a waiting list control group (WLC).

    Methods: A two-arm, parallel, open label, multicentre, waiting list randomized controlled trial will be conducted to investigate the efficacy and cost-effectiveness of INNOVBC. The primary outcomes in this research will be anxiety and depression. Secondary outcomes will include psychological flexibility, fatigue, insomnia, sexual dysfunction and Health Related Quality of Life (HRQoL).

    Ethical approval: This study has been reviewed and approved by Comissão Nacional de Proteção de Dados; Instituto Português de Oncologia do Porto Francisco Gentil; Unidade Local de Saúde de Matosinhos, EPE; Centro Hospitalar de São João and Ordem dos Psicólogos ethical committees.

    Expected results: It is anticipated that iNNOVBC will show to be an efficacious and cost-effective program in improving the outcomes of interest in this study, as opposed to a WLC under TAU. The results of this research will be published in accordance with CONSORT-EHEALTH guidelines.

    Conclusions: This study will inform on the acceptability, feasibility, efficacy and cost-effectiveness of iNNOVBC, in improving psychosocial outcomes in breast cancer survivors when compared to TAU in a WLC. Its conclusions will contribute to understand the idiosyncrasies of designing and implementing internet-delivered interventions in breast cancer survivors.Trial Registration code: INNOVBC (NCT03275727).

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  • 73.
    Castillo Ellström, Oskar
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Machine Design.
    Andersson, Tomas
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Machine Design.
    A Guideline for Conducting Form Analysis of Branded Products: The Development of a Design Guideline Framework for Product-Producing Companies in a Brand Management Context2019Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (Two Years)), 20 credits / 30 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    This thesis presents the research and development of a framework for creating design guidelines, aimed towards product-producing companies as a part of a brand extension strategy. The thesis answers two research questions:

    RQ1: What strategies could be used to analyze visual form and product design as a part of a brand extension strategy for a product-producing company?

    RQ2: How can an existing visual brand identity be utilized during the product development process and redefined for new product categories?

    The thesis is divided into a literature review and a case application of the presented theories on a real-world product development process. The literature review includes three central frameworks. Firstly, a theoretical framework including theories regarding brand management, product design and form, design syntactics and product architecture is introduced. The theoretical framework also includes product modularity which is specifically included for the case application. These theories are used to create a form analysis framework, which is the second element of the literature review. The third element of the literature review is a framework for how to create design guidelines, based on explicit and implicit design features. The design guideline framework is built from insights and theories found in literature used throughout the literature review.

    The case application focuses on the development of a new concept and design guidelines for a modular Autonomous Mobile Robot (AMR) for a case company. The case application utilizes the created theoretical frameworks for a real-world product development process. The created concept envisions the visual brand language of the case company, while also serving as the foundation for the design guideline development.

    The form analysis framework is used to understand product design and form on already existing products within a product category. A total of six analyses are introduced, all with their own respective focus on different fields of study and area of application. The form analysis framework investigates three areas of application: Internal and external factors as well as the existing product family of a company. Applying the form analysis framework to the case show that these methods are suitable for analyzing the visual form of products.

    By examining the internal factors of the case company, such as analyzing existing products and prior design guidelines, a format for key design principles can be created. Based on these design principles and insights from the form analysis, the visual brand identity can be transferred to a new product category and described through redefined design guidelines. Findings show that certain design features, such as color and usage of logotype, are the most suitable for acting as identity carriers. Utilizing these can bring cohesiveness to a product portfolio. It can be concluded that the use of explicit and implicit design features is a viable way to holistically describe and articulate product design.

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  • 74.
    Eriksson, Björn
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Fluid and Mechanical Engineering Systems. Linköping University, The Institute of Technology.
    Rösth, Marcus
    MCD Parker Hannifin AB.
    Palmberg, Jan-Ove
    Linköping University, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Fluid and Mechanical Engineering Systems. Linköping University, The Institute of Technology.
    A High Energy Efficient Mobile Fluid Power System: Novel System Layout and Measurements2008Conference paper (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    This is one of the earliest publications of the proposed energy efficient individual metering system shown in chapter 5, section 5.3.3. This paper introduces the novel system design, which utilizes independent meter-in and meter-out valves. This system design has the potential to increase energy efficiency considerably in a system that consists of a pump  connected to more than one fluid power actuator. The system proposed here is not dependent on pressure transducers for either flow control or mode selection. The main difference between the work presented in this paper and earlier work is the control strategy. The output signal choices in the closed loops are new. Some functionality is kept in hardware to avoid  critical sensor dependency. The presented system uses pressure compensators to achieve desired flows.

  • 75.
    Bach, Anders
    et al.
    University of Copenhagen.
    Clausen, Bettina H
    University of South Denmark.
    Moller, Magda
    University of Copenhagen.
    Vestergaard, Bente
    University of Copenhagen.
    Chi, Celestine N
    Uppsala University.
    Round, Adam
    European Molecular Biol Lab.
    Sorensen, Pernille L
    University of Copenhagen.
    Nissen, Klaus B
    University of Copenhagen.
    Kastrup, Jette S
    University of Copenhagen.
    Gajhede, Michael
    University of Copenhagen.
    Jemth, Per
    Uppsala University.
    Kristensen, Anders S
    University of Copenhagen.
    Lundström, Patrik
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Molecular Biotechnology. Linköping University, The Institute of Technology.
    Lambertsen, Kate L
    University of South Denmark.
    Stromgaard, Kristian
    University of Copenhagen.
    A high-affinity, dimeric inhibitor of PSD-95 bivalently interacts with PDZ1-2 and protects against ischemic brain damage2012In: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, ISSN 0027-8424, E-ISSN 1091-6490, Vol. 109, no 9, p. 3317-3322Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Inhibition of the ternary protein complex of the synaptic scaffolding protein postsynaptic density protein-95 (PSD-95), neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS), and the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor is a potential strategy for treating ischemic brain damage, but high-affinity inhibitors are lacking. Here we report the design and synthesis of a novel dimeric inhibitor, Tat-NPEG4(IETDV)(2) (Tat-N-dimer), which binds the tandem PDZ1-2 domain of PSD-95 with an unprecedented high affinity of 4.6 nM, and displays extensive protease-resistance as evaluated in vitro by stability-measurements in human blood plasma. X-ray crystallography, NMR, and small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) deduced a true bivalent interaction between dimeric inhibitor and PDZ1-2, and also provided a dynamic model of the conformational changes of PDZ1-2 induced by the dimeric inhibitor. A single intravenous injection of Tat-N-dimer (3 nmol/g) to mice subjected to focal cerebral ischemia reduces infarct volume with 40% and restores motor functions. Thus, Tat-N-dimer is a highly efficacious neuroprotective agent with therapeutic potential in stroke.

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  • 76.
    Lunneryd, Sven Gunnar
    et al.
    National Board of Fisheries, Tja¨rno¨ Marine Biological Laboratory, SE-452 96 Strömstad, Sweden.
    Fjälling, Arne
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Zoology . Linköping University, The Institute of Technology.
    Westerberg, Håkan
    National Board of Fisheries, Box 423, SE-401 26 Gothenburg, Sweden..
    A large-mesh salmon trap: a way of mitigating seal impact on a coastal fishery2003In: ICES Journal of Marine Science, ISSN 1054-3139, E-ISSN 1095-9289, Vol. 60, no 6, p. 1194-1199Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    A new design for a salmon trap aimed at minimizing damage to catch and gear caused by grey seals was tested. The traditional trap design used in the northern Baltic permits an efficient hunting strategy by seals, whereby chased fish entangle themselves in the side panels and can then easily be taken, with associated damage to the net. The side panels of the test trap (excluding the fish chamber) are made of large-mesh (400 mm) netting compared to ≤200 mm in traditional traps. This should allow seal-chased and panicking salmon to pass through, while less stressed individuals should still be guided efficiently towards the fish chamber. Trials with the two trap types were performed at the mouth of the river Indal (northern Sweden) in a comparative test programme. Catches of salmon and trout in the test trap were larger than in the standard trap. We estimated that 65% of the potential catch was lost in the standard trap owing to seal predation, while escape rate through the large meshes in the test trap was 52%. The standard trap had a total of 269 holes owing to seal damage, while only six holes were found in the test trap. Seal activity in and around the standard trap was up to 16 times higher compared with the test trap and decreased considerably during the following year when only large-meshed traps were used in the area. We suggest that seals are difficult to deter from fishing gear as long as they get a reward in terms of food and propose that a strategy that deprives seals of a reward will make the gear uninteresting to them and may have long-term mitigation effects.

  • 77.
    Oberweger, Fabio F.
    et al.
    TU Wien, Vienna, Austria.
    Raidl, Günther R.
    TU Wien, Vienna, Austria.
    Rönnberg, Elina
    Linköping University, Department of Mathematics, Applied Mathematics. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Huber, Marc
    TU Wien, Vienna, Austria.
    A Learning Large Neighborhood Search for the Staff Rerostering Problem2022In: Integration of Constraint Programming, Artificial Intelligence, and Operations Research, CPAIOR 2022 / [ed] Pierre Schaus, 2022, Vol. 13292, p. 300-317Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    To effectively solve challenging staff rerostering problems, we propose to enhance a large neighborhood search (LNS) with a machine learning guided destroy operator. This operator uses a conditional generative model to identify variables that are promising to select and combines this with the use of a special sampling strategy to make the actual selection. Our model is based on a graph neural network (GNN) and takes a problem-specific graph representation as input. Imitation learning is applied to mimic a time-expensive approach that solves a mixed-integer program (MIP) for finding an optimal destroy set in each iteration. An additional GNN is employed to predict a suitable temperature for the destroy set sampling process. The repair operator is realized by solving a MIP. Our learning LNS outperforms directly solving a MIP with Gurobi and yields improvements compared to a well-performing LNS with a manually designed destroy operator, also when generalizing to schedules with various numbers of employees.

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  • 78.
    Nolén, Sixten
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Department of Health and Society, Division of Preventive and Social Medicine and Public Health Science. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Lindqvist, Kent
    Linköping University, Department of Department of Health and Society, Division of Preventive and Social Medicine and Public Health Science. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    A local bicycle helmet ‘law’ in a Swedish municipality: the structure and process of initiation and implementation2002In: Injury control and safety promotion, ISSN 1566-0974, E-ISSN 1744-4985, Vol. 9, no 2, p. 89-98Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    On May 1, 1996, the Municipality of Motala in Sweden introduced a local bicycle helmet ‘law.’ It is, however, not an official law in a legal sense, but a municipally endorsed recommendation supported by promotional activities. This ‘law’ applies to children (ages 6–12), although the objective is to increase helmet use among cyclists of all ages. The study is a qualitative evaluation of the structure and process during initiation and implementation of the Motala bicycle helmet law. The aim was to describe the activities that were carried out, which actors took part and the opinions of the most closely involved actors. The results are based on analysis of written material and on interviews with eight of the actors. The mass media focused much attention on the bicycle helmet law, especially during the first six months after its introduction. The name helmet law was presumably of significance in this context. It is essential that relevant target groups provide sufficient support and that committed individuals initiate and promote the work, which, however, must not become dependent on a single individual. All issues concerning bicycle helmets should be coordinated with the law. Also, continuous engagement of the municipal government and a strategy for the control and follow-up of the law are needed. Local bicycle helmet laws of this type have a potential to produce a long-lasting effect on helmet use, provided some of the problems encountered can be avoided and some of the promotional activities are intensified.

  • 79.
    Jungert, Tomas
    Linköping University, Department of Behavioural Sciences and Learning, Clinical and Social Psychology. Linköping University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences.
    A longitudinal study of engineering students’ approaches to their studies2008In: Higher Education Research and Development, ISSN 0729-4360, E-ISSN 1469-8366, Vol. 27, no 3, p. 201-214Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

     

    This longitudinal study draws on data from a larger project and examines how students’ perceptions of their opportunities to influence their study environment may be enacted in approaches aimed at influencing their studies, and whether this changes during the course of their studies. Ten students from a 4.5-year Master’s programme in Engineering were studied throughout their education by means of semi-structured in-depth interviews, which were analysed thematically. The results indicate that students’ perceptions of their study environment were enacted in three approaches aimed at influencing their study environment: (i) to adapt to the environment and to study alone;(ii) to try to change the programme, to create an individual curriculum and to interact with teachers; and (iii) to cooperate with their peers. The thematic analysis suggests that students’ perceptions of their study environment were enacted in the different approaches and that these changed along with external demands in the programme.

     

  • 80.
    Haglund, Petter
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Science and Technology, Communications and Transport Systems. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Rudberg, Martin
    Linköping University, Department of Science and Technology, Communications and Transport Systems. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    A longitudinal study on logistics strategy: The case of a building contractor2023In: The International Journal of Logistics Management, ISSN 0957-4093, Vol. 34, no 7, p. 1-23Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Purpose Contingency studies within logistics and supply chain management have shown a need for longitudinal studies on fit. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the logistics strategy from a process of establishing fit perspective.

    Design/methodology/approach A large Swedish building contractor's logistics strategy process was analysed using a longitudinal single-case study for a period of 11 years (2008–2019).

    Findings The case study reveals three main constraints to logistics strategy implementation: a dominant purchasing organisation, a lack of incentives and diverging top-management priorities. This suggests that logistics strategy fit is not a conscious choice determined by contextual factors.

    Research limitations/implications Establishing fit is a continuous cycle of regaining fit between the logistics context and logistics strategy components. Fit can be achieved by a change to the logistics context or to logistics strategy components.

    Practical implications Logistics managers may need to opt for satisfactory fit in view of the costs incurred by changing strategy versus the benefits to be gained from a higher degree of fit.

    Originality/value This paper adopts a longitudinal case design to study the fit between the logistics context and strategy, adding to the body of knowledge on organisational design and strategy in logistics and supply chain management.

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  • 81.
    Lagerqvist, B.
    et al.
    Department of Cardiology, University Hospital, S-751 85 Uppsala, Sweden.
    Husted, S.
    Department of Cardiology, University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark.
    Kontny, F.
    Heart and Lung Centre, Ullevål University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
    Naslund, U.
    Näslund, U., Department of Cardiology, Heart Centre, University Hospital, Umeå, Sweden.
    Stahle, E.
    Ståhle, E., Department of Thoracic Surgery, University Hospital, S-751 85 Uppsala, Sweden.
    Swahn, Eva
    Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Linköping University, Department of Medicine and Health Sciences, Cardiology . Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Heart Centre, Department of Cardiology.
    Wallentin, L.
    Department of Cardiology, University Hospital, S-751 85 Uppsala, Sweden.
    A long-term perspective on the protective effects of an early invasive strategy in unstable coronary artery disease: Two-year follow-up of the FRISC-II Invasive Study2002In: Journal of the American College of Cardiology, ISSN 0735-1097, E-ISSN 1558-3597, Vol. 40, no 11, p. 1902-1914Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    OBJECTIVES: We sought to report the first and repeat events and to separate spontaneous and procedure-related events over two years in the Fast Revascularization during InStability in Coronary artery disease (FRISC-II) invasive trial. BACKGROUND: The FRISC-II invasive trial compared the long-term effects of an early invasive versus noninvasive strategy, in terms of death and myocardial infarction (MI) and the need for repeat hospital admissions and late revascularization procedures in patients with coronary artery disease (UCAD). METHODS: In the FRISC-II trial, 2,457 patients with UCAD were randomized to an early invasive or noninvasive strategy. RESULTS: At 24 month follow-up, there were reductions in mortality (n = 45 [3.7%] vs. 67 [5.4%], risk ratio 0.68 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.47 to 0.98], p = 0.038), MI (n = 111 [9.2%] vs. 156 [12.7%], risk ratio 0.72 [95% CI 0.57 to 0.91], p = 0.005), and the composite end point of death or MI (n = 146 [12.1%] vs. 200 [16.3%], risk ratio 0.74 [95% CI 0.61 to 0.90], p = 0.003) in the invasive compared with the noninvasive group. Procedure-related MIs were two to three times more common, but spontaneous ones were three times less common in the invasive than in the noninvasive group. After the first year, there was no difference in mortality (n = 20 [1.7%]) between the two groups and fewer MIs in the invasive group (p = 0.031). CONCLUSIONS: In UCAD, the early invasive approach leads to a sustained reduction in mortality, cardiac morbidity, and the need for repeat hospital admissions and late revascularization procedures. Although the benefits are greatest during the first months, during the second year, cardiac morbidity is lower and the need for hospital care is less in the invasive group. © 2002 by the American College of Cardiology Foundation.

  • 82.
    Glaas, Erik
    Linköping University, The Tema Institute, Centre for Climate Science and Policy Research . Linköping University, The Tema Institute, Department of Water and Environmental Studies. Linköping University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences.
    A mapping of climate change risks and adaptation guidelines to house owners in Denmark, Norway and Sweden2014Report (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    This briefing informs on ongoing research within the project “Increasing Nordic homeowners adaptive capacity to climate change: research of opinions and development of a web-based tool” (In hac Vita) financed by Nordforsk. The project is subordinated the Nordic Centre of Excellence for Strategic Adaptation Research (NORD-STAR) which aims at bridging the gaps between adaptation science, practice and policy, and at helping public and private stakeholders at all levels to improve strategy development and decision-making. Since this is ongoing research, results and discussions presented in this text should be seen as preliminary.

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    A mapping of climate change risks and adaptation guidelines to house owners in Denmark, Norway and Sweden
  • 83.
    Hadera, Hubert
    et al.
    Technical University of Dortmund, Germany.
    Wide, Per
    Linköping University.
    Harjunkoski, Iiro
    ABB Corporate Research, Germany.
    Mäntysaari, Juha
    ABB Oy Industry Solutions, Finland.
    Ekström, Joakim
    Linköping University, Department of Science and Technology, Communications and Transport Systems. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Sand, Guido
    ABB Corporate Research, Germany.
    Engell, Sebastian
    Technical University of Dortmund, Germany.
    A Mean Value Cross Decomposition Strategy for Demand-side Management of a Pulping Process2015In: 2th International Symposium on Process Systems Engineering and 25th European Symposium on Computer Aided Process Engineering / [ed] Krist V. Gernaey; Jakob K. Huusom; Rafiqul Gani, Elsevier , 2015, Vol. 37, p. 1931-1936Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Energy is becoming a critical resource for process industries as introduction of new policies drive changes in the energy supply systems. Energy availability and pricing is much more volatile. In this study, we propose a Mean Value Cross Decomposition approach to functionally separate production scheduling from energy-cost optimization. Such a decomposition makes it possible to exploit existing optimization solutions avoiding a need to create a new monolithic model. The proposed framework is applied to a continuous process of thermo-mechanical pulping using a discrete-time Resource-Task Network model. Example case study scenarios show that the approach gives optimal system-wide solutions while keeping the models separated.

  • 84.
    Chen, Jian
    et al.
    Nanjing Univ Aeronaut & Astronaut, Peoples R China.
    Ning, Tong
    Nanjing Univ Aeronaut & Astronaut, Peoples R China.
    Xu, Gangyan
    Hong Kong Polytech Univ, Peoples R China.
    Liu, Yang
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Environmental Technology and Management. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering. Univ Vaasa, Finland.
    A memetic algorithm for energy-efficient scheduling of integrated production and shipping2022In: International journal of computer integrated manufacturing (Print), ISSN 0951-192X, E-ISSN 1362-3052, Vol. 35, no 10-11, p. 1246-1268Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Energy-efficient manufacturing is critical as the industrial sector accounts for a substantial portion of global energy consumption. This research aims to address an energy-efficient scheduling problem of production and shipping for minimizing both makespan and energy consumption. It contributes to an integrated energy-efficient production and shipping system, which is separately studied in most existing research. The production stage allocates jobs onto unrelated parallel machines that can be shut off and adjust their cutting speed to save energy. The shipping stage aims to allocate jobs to vehicles of various sizes with varied unit energy consumption. The problem is modelled as a mixed-integer quadratic program. Considering its complexity, a memetic algorithm (MA) is proposed to incorporate a knowledge-driven local search strategy considering the balance between exploration and exploitation. Two dominance rules are derived from the characteristics of the specific problem and embedded into the proposed MA to enhance its performance. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed MA outperforms two other population-based algorithms, genetic algorithm and traditional MA, in terms of performance and computing time. This research practically contributes to improving productivity and energy efficiency for the production-shipping supply chain of make-to-order products.

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  • 85.
    Gupta, Anil
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Anesthesiology. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Sinnescentrum, Department of Anaesthesiology and Surgery UHL.
    Favaios, S.
    EPE.
    Perniola, A.
    Orebro University Hospital.
    Magnuson, A.
    University Orebro.
    Berggren, L.
    Orebro University Hospital.
    A meta-analysis of the efficacy of wound catheters for post-operative pain management2011In: Acta Anaesthesiologica Scandinavica, ISSN 0001-5172, E-ISSN 1399-6576, Vol. 55, no 7, p. 785-796Article, review/survey (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Local anesthetics (LA) are injected via catheters placed in surgical wounds for post-operative analgesia. The primary aim of this systematic review was to assess whether LA reduce pain intensity when injected via wound catheters. A literature search was performed from Medline via PubMed, EMBASE and the Cochrane database from 1966 until November 2009. The search strategy included the following key words: pain, postoperative, catheters and local anesthetics. Two co-authors independently read every article that was initially included and extracted data into a pre-defined study record form. A total of 753 studies primarily fit the search criteria and 163 were initially extracted. Of these, 32 studies were included in the meta-analysis. Wound catheters provided no significant analgesia at rest or on activity, except in patients undergoing gynecological and obstetric surgery at 48 h (P = 0.03). The overall morphine consumption was lower (approximate to 13 mg) during 0-24 h (P less than 0.001) in these patients. No significant differences in side effects were found, except for a lower risk of wound breakdown (P = 0.048) and a shorter length of hospital stay (P = 0.04) in patients receiving LA. A statistically significant heterogeneity was seen between the studies in most end-points. LA injected via wound catheters did not reduce pain intensity, except at 48 h in a subgroup of patients undergoing obstetric and gynecological surgery. Rescue analgesic consumption was also lower in this group at 0-24 h. The magnitude of these effects was small and compounded by pronounced heterogeneity.

  • 86.
    Svedjeholm, Rolf
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Medicine and Health Sciences, Thoracic Surgery. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Heart Centre, Department of Thoracic and Vascular Surgery.
    Vidlund, Marten
    Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Heart Centre, Department of Thoracic and Vascular Surgery. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Vanhanen, Ingemar
    Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Heart Centre, Department of Thoracic and Vascular Surgery. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Hakanson, Erik
    Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Heart Centre, Department of Thoracic and Vascular Surgery. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    A metabolic protective strategy could improve long-term survival in patients with LV-dysfunction undergoing CABG2010In: SCANDINAVIAN CARDIOVASCULAR JOURNAL, ISSN 1401-7431, Vol. 44, no 1, p. 45-58Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Objective. Adverse outcome after CABG is closely related to postoperative heart failure precipitated by ischemia and myocardial infarction. Restrictive use of inotropes is therefore desirable. Patients with preoperative left ventricular dysfunction are a high-risk group in this respect. To reduce myocardial oxygen expenditure we evolved a metabolic strategy for perioperative care. Design. Observational study on 104 consecutive patients with severe left ventricular dysfunction undergoing CABG. The metabolic strategy implied physiological measures to minimize myocardial oxygen expenditure including restrictive use of inotropes and specific measures such as extended CPB and metabolic support to facilitate myocardial recovery. Hemodynamic state was primarily assessed by mixed venous oxygen saturation (SvO(2)). Follow-up averaged 9.7 +/- 1.4 years. Results. LVEF was 0.30 +/- 0.05 (range 0.20-0.37) and 3.5 +/- 1.3 vessels were bypassed. Inotropes were used in 6.7% for weaning from CPB. Increase of s-creatinine by andgt;= 50% compared to preoperative values was observed in 2.9%. Logistic EuroSCORE was 8.3% whereas observed 30-day mortality was 1.0%. Crude 5-year survival was 89.4%. Conclusions. The metabolic strategy allowed restrictive use of inotropes and was associated with encouraging long-term survival. Renal function was well preserved suggesting that SvO(2) served as an adequate marker of circulation. Randomized trials with metabolic support are warranted.

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  • 87.
    Allen, John
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Machine Design. Scania CV AB.
    A Method for Reducing Ash Volume in Wall-Flow Diesel Particulate Filters: Water Injection as a Service Tool to Improve Fuel Consumption and Particulate Filter Service Life2017Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (Two Years)), 20 credits / 30 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    In order to meet today’s environmental standards, diesel vehicles must capture the soot and ash emitted from the engine in what is known as a diesel particulate filter (DPF). The continual ash loading of this filter and subsequent exhaust backpressure, increase in fuel consumption, etc. is seen as an unavoidable expense. Replacing the DPF is time consuming and costly, representing significant lost profits to the vehicle owner. However, by reducing the volume of ash in the DPF, the pressure drop and fuel penalty can be curtailed while simultaneously increasing filter life. The thesis paper has presented a study intended to select the ideal method for reducing DPF ash volume in the context of system level integration on a Scania truck.

    By following an adaptation of the TRIZ method, this work has selected an ideal solution for improving DPF performance. A brief study of two experimental methods for ash volume reduction is presented. From this study, awide-ranging concept generation phase was undertaken to evaluate the ways these methods could be implemented on a vehicle. Through collaboration with industry experts at Scania, a system of criteria was established to select the most promising concept. One concept was chosen for demonstration: water injection into the DPF through a sensor hole in the silencer housing.

    The proposed injection strategy is such that when the vehicle comes in for scheduled maintenance, this water injection tool can be used to improve vehicle performance and reduce filter changes. In keeping with the criteria and design constraints, this solution eliminates the complication of additional vehicle components, while still effectively reducing ash volume. An initial prototype and subsequent on-vehicle testing is presented which demonstrates that wetting the DPF in this manner is a viable means of reducing ash volume. The result of this test shows that this method can reduce DPF backpressure from ash by 60% after just 3 minutes of water injection. From these results, suggestion for future improvement to the performance and ergonomics of the injection tool is presented.

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  • 88.
    Borachok, Ihor
    et al.
    Ivan Franko Natl Univ Lviv, Ukraine.
    Chapko, Roman
    Ivan Franko Natl Univ Lviv, Ukraine.
    Johansson, B. Tomas
    Linköping University, Department of Science and Technology. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    A method of fundamental solutions for heat and wave propagation from lateral Cauchy data2022In: Numerical Algorithms, ISSN 1017-1398, E-ISSN 1572-9265, Vol. 89, no 1, p. 431-449Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    We derive a method of fundamental solutions (MFS) for the numerical solution of an ill-posed lateral Cauchy problem for the hyperbolic wave equation in bounded planar annular domains. The Laguerre transform is applied to reduce the time-dependent lateral Cauchy problem to a sequence of elliptic Cauchy problems with a known set of fundamental solutions termed a fundamental sequence. The solution of the elliptic problems is approximated by linear combinations of the elements in the fundamental sequence. Source points are placed outside of the solution domain, and by collocating on the boundary of the solution domain itself a sequence of linear equations is obtained for finding the coefficients in the MFS approximation. It is shown that the fundamental solutions used constitute a linearly independent and dense set on the boundary of the solution domain with respect to the L-2-norm. Tikhonov regularization is applied to get a stable solution to the obtained systems of linear equations in combination with the L-curve rule for selecting the regularization parameter. Numerical results confirm the efficiency and applicability of the proposed strategy for the considered lateral Cauchy problem both in the case of exact and noisy data. Adjusting the coefficients in the sequence of elliptic equations, the similar strategy and results apply also to the parabolic lateral Cauchy problem as verified by an included numerical example. It is also shown that by adjusting the coefficients further the method of Rothe can be applied as an alternative to the Laguerre transformation in time.

  • 89.
    Hutton, Steven
    et al.
    Lancaster University Management School.
    Demir, Robert
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Business Administration. Linköping University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences.
    Eldridge, Stephen
    Lancaster University Management School.
    A microfoundational view of the interplay between open innovation and a firm's strategic agility2024In: Long range planning, ISSN 0024-6301, E-ISSN 1873-1872, p. 102429-102429, article id 102429Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Open innovation can support firms looking to deploy strategic agility through product innovations during periods of market and technological change. However, existing research lacks a comprehensive understanding of the microfoundations that underlie strategic agility in the context of open innovation. We address this gap using an in-depth analysis of a firm's open innovation activities in support of new product development (NPD). Our analysis reveals that open innovation can help leverage NPD processes to drive technological innovations in response to changing market conditions. Under such circumstances, open innovation enables firms to deploy strategic agility by continually developing the product portfolio. Our study reveals six mechanisms that enable three mutually complementary practices of agility: knowledge-based agility at the firm-environment interface, behavioural agility in the firm's decision-making process, and organisational agility in the internal NPD process. We theorise the interplay between the mechanisms that constitute each practice and, in doing so, shed light on how they contribute to firm-level strategic agility.

  • 90.
    Yu, Liyun
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Science and Technology, Communications and Transport Systems. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Häll, Carl Henrik
    Linköping University, Department of Science and Technology, Communications and Transport Systems. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Peterson, Anders
    Linköping University, Department of Science and Technology, Communications and Transport Systems. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Schmidt, Christiane
    Linköping University, Department of Science and Technology, Communications and Transport Systems. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    A MILP Model for Rescheduling Freight Trains under an Unexpected Marshalling-Yard Closure2023In: Book of Abstracts / [ed] Rob Goverde, Francesco Corman, Ivan Belošević, Sanjin Milinković, The Faculty of Transport and Traffic Engineering, University of Belgrade, Serbia , 2023, p. 68-68Conference paper (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    This study is about rescheduling freight trains to reduce the eff ects of major interruptions. In this paper, we consider that the interruption is an unexpected marshallingyard closure. We develop a macroscopic Mixed-Integer Linear Programming (MILP)model to reschedule railway timetables. One important principle is that we simultaneously reschedule several trains, instead of one-by-one. Furthermore, we consider arescheduling strategy of letting trains wait on the way when the destination yard havea closure. The model considers stopping restrictions and the capacity of each segmentand station. The order of the trains aff ected by the interruption is not fi xed. We presentexperimental results of three diff erent cases, which are all based on artifi cial data.

  • 91.
    Yu, Liyun
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Science and Technology, Communications and Transport Systems. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Häll, Carl Henrik
    Linköping University, Department of Science and Technology, Communications and Transport Systems. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Peterson, Anders
    Linköping University, Department of Science and Technology, Communications and Transport Systems. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Schmidt, Christiane
    Linköping University, Department of Science and Technology, Communications and Transport Systems. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    A MILP model for rescheduling freight trains under an unexpected marshalling-yard closure2023Conference paper (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    This study is about rescheduling freight trains to reduce the effects of major interruptions. In this paper, we consider that the interruption is an unexpected marshalling-yard closure. We develop a macroscopic Mixed-Integer Linear Programming (MILP) model to reschedule railway timetables. One important principle is that we simultaneously reschedule several trains, instead of one-by-one. Furthermore, we consider a rescheduling strategy of letting trains wait on the way when the destination yard have a closure. The model considers stopping restrictions and the capacity of each segment and station. The order of the trains affected by the interruption is not fixed. We present experimental results of three different cases, which are all based on artificial data.

  • 92.
    Andersson, Anna
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Computer and Information Science, MDA. Linköping University, The Institute of Technology.
    Hallberg, Niklas
    Linköping University, Department of Computer and Information Science, MDA. Linköping University, The Institute of Technology.
    Timpka, Toomas
    Linköping University, Department of Medicine and Health Sciences. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    A Model for Interpreting Work and Information Management in Process-Oriented Healthcare Organisations2003In: International Journal of Medical Informatics, ISSN 1386-5056, Vol. 72, no 1-3, p. 47-56Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Background: To increase productivity, management in healthcare organisations have introduced different types of process-oriented organisational configurations. Few studies have addressed clinical practice and information management in these settings. Methods: A case study was performed at a paediatric clinic. Data was collected from archives, through interviews, by participatory observation, and by performing a focus group session. The collected data was analysed using a qualitative and interpretative research strategy. Results: A model was developed of care practitioners’ daily work in process-oriented organisations. The model shows that clinical work was deeply integrated; the care activities were dependent on supply activities and tightly connected to management routines. Conclusion: The resulting model can be used to support development of health information system (HIS) embedded in process-oriented healthcare work.

  • 93.
    Lindström, Veronica
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Production Economics. Linköping University, The Institute of Technology.
    Habib, Sinan
    Torstensson, Simon
    A modified work process for manufacturing strategy formulation: A case study of a small industrial company in Sweden2014In: Proceedings of the 6th International Swedish Production Symposium 2014, 2014Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Manufacturing is a crucial part to organisational success in an industrial SME, and therefore manufacturing strategy formulation is of great importance for small businesses. Recent research suggests that there is a need to adapt frameworks and procedures for manufacturing strategy formulation to small- and medium sized companies. This study describes a modified work process, which was also tested for formulation of manufacturing strategy formulation in a small industrial company in Sweden.

  • 94.
    Mobini, Reza
    et al.
    Unit for Clinical Systems Biology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Andersson, Bengt A.
    Department of Immunology, Sahlgrenska Academy, Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Erjefält, Jonas
    Department of Experimental Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
    Hahn-Zoric, Mirjana
    Department of Immunology, Sahlgrenska Academy, Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Langston, Michael A.
    Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA.
    Perkins, Andy D.
    Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA.
    Cardell, Lars Olaf
    Department of Oto-rhino-largyngeology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Benson, Mikael
    Unit for Clinical Systems Biology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
    A module-based analytical strategy to identify novel disease-associated genes shows an inhibitory role for interleukin 7 Receptor in allergic inflammation2009In: BMC Systems Biology, E-ISSN 1752-0509, Vol. 3, no 19Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    BACKGROUND: The identification of novel genes by high-throughput studies of complex diseases is complicated by the large number of potential genes. However, since disease-associated genes tend to interact, one solution is to arrange them in modules based on co-expression data and known gene interactions. The hypothesis of this study was that such a module could be a) found and validated in allergic disease and b) used to find and validate one ore more novel disease-associated genes.

    RESULTS: To test these hypotheses integrated analysis of a large number of gene expression microarray experiments from different forms of allergy was performed. This led to the identification of an experimentally validated reference gene that was used to construct a module of co-expressed and interacting genes. This module was validated in an independent material, by replicating the expression changes in allergen-challenged CD4+ cells. Moreover, the changes were reversed following treatment with corticosteroids. The module contained several novel disease-associated genes, of which the one with the highest number of interactions with known disease genes, IL7R, was selected for further validation. The expression levels of IL7R in allergen challenged CD4+ cells decreased following challenge but increased after treatment. This suggested an inhibitory role, which was confirmed by functional studies.

    CONCLUSION: We propose that a module-based analytical strategy is generally applicable to find novel genes in complex diseases.

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  • 95.
    Sandborg, Michael
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Medicine and Health Sciences, Radiation Physics . Linköping University, Center for Medical Image Science and Visualization, CMIV. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Centre of Surgery and Oncology, Department of Radiation Physics. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Dance, David
    n/a.
    Alm Carlsson, Gudrun
    Linköping University, Department of Medicine and Care, Radiation Physics. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Persliden, Jan
    Linköping University, Department of Medicine and Health Sciences, Radiation Physics . Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Tapiovaara, Markku
    n/a.
    A Monte Carlo study of grid performance in diagnostic radiology: task-dependent opti­mization for digital imaging 1994In: Physics in Medicine and Biology, ISSN 0031-9155, E-ISSN 1361-6560, Vol. 39, no 10, p. 1659-1676Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    A Monte Carlo computational model has been used to optimize grid design in digital radiography. The optimization strategy involved finding grid designs that, for a constant signal-to-noise ratio, resulted in the lowest mean absorbed dose in the patient. Different examinations were simulated to explore the dependence of the optimal scatter-rejection technique on the imaging situation. A large range of grid designs was studied, including grids with both aluminium and fibre interspaces and covers, and compared to a 20 cm air gap. The results show that the optimal tube potential in each examination does not depend strongly on the scatter-rejection technique. There is a significant dose reduction associated with the use of fibre-interspaced grids, particularly in paediatric radiography. The optimal grid ratio and strip width increase with increasing scattering volume. With increasing strip density, the optimal strip width decreases, and the optimal grid ratio increases. Optimal grid ratios are higher than those used today, particularly for grids with large strip density. It is, however, possible to identify grids of good performance for a range of strip densities and grid ratios provided the strip width is selected accordingly. The computational method has been validated by comparison with measurements with a caesium iodide image receptor.

  • 96.
    Öberg, Marie
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of Neuro and Inflammation Science. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Region Östergötland, Anaesthetics, Operations and Specialty Surgery Center, Department of Otorhinolaryngology in Linköping.
    A multicentre study evaluating the effects of the Swedish ACE programme2017In: International Journal of Audiology, ISSN 1499-2027, E-ISSN 1708-8186, Vol. 56, no 11, p. 876-886Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Objective: This study investigated the effects of a modified Swedish version of an interactive group education programme, the Active Communication Education (ACE) programme, in five Swedish regions. This study also explored whether the pre- and post-programme outcomes differed with regard to region, age, gender, hearing loss (HL) or the attendance of significant others (SOs). Design: An intervention study with between- and within-group measurements was applied. Study sample: Seventy-seven individuals with hearing impairments and a mean age of 73.9 years (SD = 9.8) from five different regions in Sweden participated in this study. Results: Statistically significant short- and long-term effects on communication strategy use, activity and participation were observed. The ACE programme was most effective for older individuals, women and participants with more severe HL. Individuals who attended with an SO tended to use better communication strategies. No regional differences were observed. The qualitative results indicated that the programme increased individuals ability to cope and restored their social identities. Conclusions: The ACE programme is effective, is recommended for implementation in clinical settings and is considered an alternative or additional treatment to hearing aid rehabilitation. Additional studies that include younger individuals and a control group are recommended.

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  • 97.
    Alamerew, Yohannes A.
    et al.
    Univ Grenoble Alpes, France.
    Kambanou, Marianna Lena
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Environmental Technology and Management. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Sakao, Tomohiko
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Environmental Technology and Management. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Brissaud, Daniel
    Univ Grenoble Alpes, France.
    A Multi-Criteria Evaluation Method of Product-Level Circularity Strategies2020In: Sustainability, E-ISSN 2071-1050, SUSTAINABILITY, Vol. 12, no 12, article id 5129Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The circular economy (CE) can drive sustainability. For companies to select and implement circularity strategies, they need to evaluate and compare the performance of these strategies both in terms of progress towards CE but also based on their feasibility and business outcomes. However, evaluation methods for circularity strategies at the product level are lacking. Therefore, this research proposes a multi-criteria evaluation method of circularity strategies at the product level which can be used by business decision-makers to evaluate and compare the initial business of the company, transformative and future circularity strategies. This multi-criteria evaluation method aims to assist business decision-makers to identify a preferred strategy by linking together a wide variety of criteria, i.e., environmental, economic, social, legislative, technical, and business, as well as by proposing relevant indicators that take into consideration, where possible, the life cycle perspective. It also allows for flexibility so that criteria, sub-criteria, and weighing factors can be altered by the business decision-makers to fit the needs of their specific case or product. Two illustrative examples based on case companies are presented to verify and illustrate the proposed method.

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  • 98.
    Zhang, Jibin
    et al.
    Zhengzhou Univ, Peoples R China; Jinan Univ, Peoples R China.
    Zhang, Tiankai
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Electronic and photonic materials. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Ma, Zhuangzhuang
    Zhengzhou Univ, Peoples R China.
    Yuan, Fanglong
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Electronic and photonic materials. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering. Beijing Normal Univ, Peoples R China.
    Zhou, Xin
    Jinan Univ, Peoples R China.
    Wang, Heyong
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Electronic and photonic materials. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering. Ist Italiano Tecnol, Italy.
    Liu, Zhe
    South China Univ Technol, Peoples R China.
    Qing, Jian
    Jinan Univ, Peoples R China.
    Chen, Hongting
    Jinan Univ, Peoples R China.
    Li, Xinjian
    Zhengzhou Univ, Peoples R China.
    Su, Shijian
    South China Univ Technol, Peoples R China.
    Xie, Jianing
    Foshan Univ, Peoples R China.
    Shi, Zhifeng
    Zhengzhou Univ, Peoples R China.
    Hou, Lintao
    Jinan Univ, Peoples R China.
    Shan, Chongxin
    Zhengzhou Univ, Peoples R China.
    A Multifunctional "Halide-Equivalent" Anion Enabling Efficient CsPb(Br/I)(3) Nanocrystals Pure-Red Light-Emitting Diodes with External Quantum Efficiency Exceeding 23%2023In: Advanced Materials, ISSN 0935-9648, E-ISSN 1521-4095, Vol. 35, no 8, article id 2209002Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Pure-red perovskite LEDs (PeLEDs) based on CsPb(Br/I)(3) nanocrystals (NCs) usually suffer from a compromise in emission efficiency and spectral stability on account of the surface halide vacancies-induced nonradiative recombination loss, halide phase segregation, and self-doping effect. Herein, a "halide-equivalent" anion of benzenesulfonate (BS-) is introduced into CsPb(Br/I)(3) NCs as multifunctional additive to simultaneously address the above challenging issues. Joint experiment-theory characterizations reveal that the BS- can not only passivate the uncoordinated Pb2+-related defects at the surface of NCs, but also increase the formation energy of halide vacancies. Moreover, because of the strong electron-withdrawing property of sulfonate group, electrons are expected to transfer from the CsPb(Br/I)(3) NC to BS- for reducing the self-doping effect and altering the n-type behavior of CsPb(Br/I)(3) NCs to near ambipolarity. Eventually, synergistic boost in device performance is achieved for pure-red PeLEDs with CIE coordinates of (0.70, 0.30) and a champion external quantum efficiency of 23.5%, which is one of the best value among the ever-reported red PeLEDs approaching to the Rec. 2020 red primary color. Moreover, the BS--modified PeLED exhibits negligible wavelength shift under different operating voltages. This strategy paves an efficient way for improving the efficiency and stability of pure-red PeLEDs.

  • 99.
    Han, Shaobo
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Science and Technology, Laboratory of Organic Electronics. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Alvi, Naveed
    Linköping University, Department of Science and Technology, Physics and Electronics. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Granlof, Lars
    RISE Bioecon, Sweden.
    Granberg, Hjalmar
    RISE Bioecon, Sweden.
    Berggren, Magnus
    Linköping University, Department of Science and Technology, Laboratory of Organic Electronics. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Fabiano, Simone
    Linköping University, Department of Science and Technology, Laboratory of Organic Electronics. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Crispin, Xavier
    Linköping University, Department of Science and Technology, Laboratory of Organic Electronics. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    A Multiparameter Pressure-Temperature-Humidity Sensor Based on Mixed Ionic-Electronic Cellulose Aerogels2019In: Advanced Science, E-ISSN 2198-3844, Vol. 6, no 8, article id 1802128Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Pressure (P), temperature (T), and humidity (H) are physical key parameters of great relevance for various applications such as in distributed diagnostics, robotics, electronic skins, functional clothing, and many other Internet-of-Things (IoT) solutions. Previous studies on monitoring and recording these three parameters have focused on the integration of three individual single-parameter sensors into an electronic circuit, also comprising dedicated sense amplifiers, signal processing, and communication interfaces. To limit complexity in, e.g., multifunctional IoT systems, and thus reducing the manufacturing costs of such sensing/communication outposts, it is desirable to achieve one single-sensor device that simultaneously or consecutively measures P-T-H without cross-talks in the sensing functionality. Herein, a novel organic mixed ion-electron conducting aerogel is reported, which can sense P-T-H with minimal cross-talk between the measured parameters. The exclusive read-out of the three individual parameters is performed electronically in one single device configuration and is enabled by the use of a novel strategy that combines electronic and ionic Seebeck effect along with mixed ion-electron conduction in an elastic aerogel. The findings promise for multipurpose IoT technology with reduced complexity and production costs, features that are highly anticipated in distributed diagnostics, monitoring, safety, and security applications.

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  • 100.
    Zheng, Rong
    et al.
    Putian Univ, Peoples R China; Sanming Univ, Peoples R China.
    Hussien, Abdelazim
    Linköping University, Department of Computer and Information Science, Software and Systems. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering. Fayoum Univ, Egypt.
    Qaddoura, Raneem
    Al Hussein Tech Univ, Jordan.
    Jia, Heming
    Sanming Univ, Peoples R China.
    Abualigah, Laith
    Al Al Bayt Univ, Jordan; Al Ahliyya Amman Univ, Jordan; Middle East Univ, Jordan; Appl Sci Private Univ, Jordan; Univ Sains Malaysia, Malaysia.
    Wang, Shuang
    Putian Univ, Peoples R China.
    Saber, Abeer
    Kafr El Sheikh Univ, Egypt.
    A multi-strategy enhanced African vultures optimization algorithm for global optimization problems2023In: JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL DESIGN AND ENGINEERING, ISSN 2288-5048, Vol. 10, no 1, p. 329-356Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The African vultures optimization algorithm (AVOA) is a recently proposed metaheuristic inspired by the African vultures behaviors. Though the basic AVOA performs very well for most optimization problems, it still suffers from the shortcomings of slow convergence rate and local optimal stagnation when solving complex optimization tasks. Therefore, this study introduces a modified version named enhanced AVOA (EAVOA). The proposed EAVOA uses three different techniques namely representative vulture selection strategy, rotating flight strategy, and selecting accumulation mechanism, respectively, which are developed based on the basic AVOA. The representative vulture selection strategy strikes a good balance between global and local searches. The rotating flight strategy and selecting accumulation mechanism are utilized to improve the quality of the solution. The performance of EAVOA is validated on 23 classical benchmark functions with various types and dimensions and compared to those of nine other state-of-the-art methods according to numerical results and convergence curves. In addition, three real-world engineering design optimization problems are adopted to evaluate the practical applicability of EAVOA. Furthermore, EAVOA has been applied to classify multi-layer perception using XOR and cancer datasets. The experimental results clearly show that the EAVOA has superiority over other methods.

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