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  • 51.
    Samuelsson, Annika
    et al.
    Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för klinisk och experimentell medicin, Klinisk mikrobiologi. Linköpings universitet, Hälsouniversitetet. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Diagnostikcentrum, Klinisk mikrobiologi. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Centrum för hälso- och vårdutveckling, Vårdhygien.
    Isaksson, Barbro
    Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för klinisk och experimentell medicin, Klinisk mikrobiologi. Linköpings universitet, Hälsouniversitetet. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Diagnostikcentrum, Klinisk mikrobiologi. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Centrum för hälso- och vårdutveckling, Vårdhygien.
    Chabok, Abbas
    Uppsala University, Sweden .
    Jonasson, Jon
    Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för klinisk och experimentell medicin, Molekylär och immunologisk patologi. Linköpings universitet, Hälsouniversitetet. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Diagnostikcentrum, Klinisk patologi och klinisk genetik.
    Nilsson, Lennart E
    Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för klinisk och experimentell medicin, Klinisk mikrobiologi. Linköpings universitet, Hälsouniversitetet.
    Eriksson, Olle
    Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för datavetenskap, Statistik. Linköpings universitet, Filosofiska fakulteten.
    Hanberger, Håkan
    Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för klinisk och experimentell medicin, Infektionsmedicin. Linköpings universitet, Hälsouniversitetet. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Hjärt- och Medicincentrum, Infektionskliniken i Östergötland.
    Changes in the aerobic faecal flora of patients treated with antibiotics for acute intra-abdominal infection2012Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Infectious Diseases, ISSN 0036-5548, E-ISSN 1651-1980, Vol. 44, nr 11, s. 820-827Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    Background: An open observational study was performed to investigate changes in the rectal flora and antibiotic susceptibility among faecal bacteria in patients treated with antibiotics for acute intra-abdominal infection. Methods: One hundred and forty patients with acute intra-abdominal infection requiring antibiotic treatment and hospitalization were included. Eight surgical units from the southern part of Sweden participated, between January 2006 and November 2007. Antibiotic treatments were according to local guidelines. Rectal swabs were obtained on admission (sample 1) and 2-14 days after the end of antibiotic treatment (sample 2). Aerobic bacteria and yeasts were analysed. The material was divided into 2 groups: 1 group with Enterobacteriaceae and 1 group with non-fermentative Gram-negative bacteria. The susceptibility to antibiotics in each group was compared between samples 1 and 2. Results: The main finding of this study on patients with severe intra-abdominal infections was a shift in the aerobic faecal flora following antibiotic treatment, from Escherichia coli to other more resistant Enterobacteriaceae, Enterococcus faecium, and yeasts. The susceptibility to cephalosporins and piperacillin-tazobactam decreased in Enterobacteriaceae. Conclusions: Following antibiotic treatment, a shift in the aerobic rectal flora to species with intrinsic antibiotic resistance was observed. This indicates that the emergence of resistance is not due to new mutations, but rather to selection of more resistant species. This should be taken into account when designing treatments for secondary intra-abdominal infections.

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  • 52.
    Samuelsson, Annika
    et al.
    Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för klinisk och experimentell medicin, Avdelningen för mikrobiologi och molekylär medicin. Linköpings universitet, Hälsouniversitetet. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Diagnostikcentrum, Klinisk mikrobiologi. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Centrum för hälso- och vårdutveckling, Vårdhygien.
    Isaksson, Barbro
    Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för klinisk och experimentell medicin, Avdelningen för mikrobiologi och molekylär medicin. Linköpings universitet, Hälsouniversitetet. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Diagnostikcentrum, Klinisk mikrobiologi. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Centrum för hälso- och vårdutveckling, Vårdhygien.
    Hanberger, Håkan
    Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för klinisk och experimentell medicin, Avdelningen för mikrobiologi och molekylär medicin. Linköpings universitet, Hälsouniversitetet. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Hjärt- och Medicincentrum, Infektionskliniken i Östergötland.
    Olhager, Elisabeth
    Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för klinisk och experimentell medicin, Avdelningen för kliniska vetenskaper. Linköpings universitet, Hälsouniversitetet. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Barn- och kvinnocentrum, Barn- och ungdomskliniken i Linköping.
    Late onset neonatal sepsis, risk factors and interventions: an analysis of recurrent outbreaks of Serratia marcescens 2006-20112014Ingår i: Journal of Hospital Infection, ISSN 0195-6701, E-ISSN 1532-2939, Vol. 86, nr 1, s. 57-63Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    Background: during the period 2006 to 2011 we observed 11 patients with Serratia marcescens sepsis, a total of 47 patients were colonised due to spread of different clones. These recurrent clusters brought about interventions to reduce spread between patients.

    Aim: to evaluate the effect of stepwise introduced interventions to prevent S marcescens colonisation/sepsis and to analyse risk factors for late onset sepsis (LOS).

    Methods: to evaluate the interventions an open retrospective observational study was performed. A retrospective case-control study was performed to analyse risk factors for LOS.

    Findings: main findings of this study were the decrease in S marcescens sepsis and colonisation after the stepwise adoption of hygiene interventions, as well as identifying low gestational age, low birth weight, indwelling central venous or umbilical catheter and ventilator treatment as risk factors for LOS. Compliance to basic hygiene guidelines was the only intervention continuously monitored from late 2007. Compliance increased gradually to a steady high level early 2009. There was a decrease in LOS with S marcescens (LOS-Ser) clustering after the second quarter of 2008. After the first quarter of 2009 we saw a decrease in S marcescens colonisation.

    Conclusion: We were not able to isolate specific effects of each intervention, but an update of our antibiotic policy probably had effect on the occurrence of LOS-ser. The delayed effect of interventions on S marcescens colonisation was probably due to the time it takes for new routines to have impact, illustrated by the gradual increase in compliance to basic hygiene guidelines.

  • 53.
    Samuelsson, Annika
    et al.
    Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för klinisk och experimentell medicin, Klinisk mikrobiologi. Linköpings universitet, Hälsouniversitetet. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Diagnostikcentrum, Klinisk mikrobiologi. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Centrum för hälso- och vårdutveckling, Vårdhygien.
    Wefer, Hugo
    Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cellbiology, Karolinska Institute, Solna, Sweden.
    Fahlén, Annika
    Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cellbiology, Karolinska Institute, Solna, Sweden.
    Agréus, Lars
    Center for Family Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Huddinge, Sweden.
    Nixon Andreasson, Anna
    Center for Family Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Huddinge, Sweden.
    Chabok, Abbas
    Colorectal Unit, Department of Surgery and Center for Clinical Research, Uppsala University/Central Hospital, Västerås, Sweden.
    Lundin, Daniel
    Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cellbiology, Karolinska Institute, Solna, Sweden.
    Hanberger, Håkan
    Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för klinisk och experimentell medicin, Infektionsmedicin. Linköpings universitet, Hälsouniversitetet. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Hjärt- och Medicincentrum, Infektionskliniken i Östergötland.
    Engstrand, Lars
    Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cellbiology, Karolinska Institute, Solna, Sweden.
    Disturbed intestinal microbiota (dysbiosis) and micro dynamics in patients treated for appendicitis and diverticulitisManuskript (preprint) (Övrigt vetenskapligt)
    Abstract [en]

    Introduction: The human gut microbiota is a large dynamic bacterial community, which is influenced by for instance antibiotic treatment and hospitalization. In patients with inflammatory bowel disease the diversity of gut microbiota is thought to be less diverse. The role of the gut microbiota in acute appendicitis and diverticulitis is still unclear. To investigate the microbial diversity in patients suffering from appendicitis or diverticulitis, and the microbiota dynamics after antibiotic therapy and hospitalization we performed an open observation study.

    Methods and population: We have performed 16S rRNA sequence analysis on 42 individuals diagnosed with appendicitis and 18 individuals with diverticulitis as well as 33 healthy controls. Cultivation of the aerobic bacterial flora was performed as a complement to sequence analysis.

    Results: In sequencing data at genus level, there are distinctive differences when comparing healthy controls to patients diagnosed with appendicitis. Healthy controls have a flora dominated by Bacteroides, and Faecalibacterium, Ruminococcus and Prevotella while appendicitis patients show an intestinal flora with a higher abundance of Escherichia/Shigella and unclassified Enterobacteriaceae. The same pattern, however not quite as distinct could be seen for the diverticulitis patients. The microbial diversity increases after treatment with antibiotics and hospitalization.

    In the cultivated aerobic flora there was a significant loss of Escherichia coli and a significant gain of Citrobacter species, in the appendicitis group. In the appendicitis group as well as in the diverticulitis group there was a significant gain of Enterococcus faecium and Yeasts.

    Conclusion: The main findings of this study are that patients arriving at the emergency department with acute appendicitis or diverticulitis have an already significant disturbed fecal microbiota previous to antibiotic treatment and hospitalization.

  • 54.
    Sandholm, Kerstin
    et al.
    Linneaues University, Kalmar .
    Henningsson, Anna J
    Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för klinisk och experimentell medicin, Avdelningen för mikrobiologi och molekylär medicin. Linköpings universitet, Hälsouniversitetet. Ryhov County Hospital Jönköping .
    Säve, Susanne
    Linneaues University, Kalmar.
    Bergström, Sven
    University of Umeå .
    Forsberg, Pia
    Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för klinisk och experimentell medicin, Avdelningen för mikrobiologi och molekylär medicin. Linköpings universitet, Hälsouniversitetet. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Hjärt- och Medicincentrum, Infektionskliniken i Östergötland.
    Jonsson, Nina
    Linneaues University, Kalmar, University Uppsala.
    Ernerudh, Jan
    Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för klinisk och experimentell medicin, Avdelningen för inflammationsmedicin. Linköpings universitet, Hälsouniversitetet. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Diagnostikcentrum, Klinisk immunologi och transfusionsmedicin.
    Ekdahl, Kristina N
    Linneaues University, Kalmar, University Uppsala.
    Early cytokine release in response to live Borrelia burgdorferi Sensu Lato Spirochetes is largely complement independent2014Ingår i: PloS one, ISSN 1932-6203, Vol. 9, nr 9, s. e108013-Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    AIM: Here we investigated the role of complement activation in phagocytosis and the release of cytokines and chemokines in response to two clinical isolates: Borrelia afzelii K78, which is resistant to complement-mediated lysis, and Borrelia garinii LU59, which is complement-sensitive.

    METHODS: Borrelia spirochetes were incubated in hirudin plasma, or hirudin-anticoagulated whole blood. Complement activation was measured as the generation of C3a and sC5b-9. Binding of the complement components C3, factor H, C4, and C4BP to the bacterial surfaces was analyzed. The importance of complement activation on phagocytosis, and on the release of cytokines and chemokines, was investigated using inhibitors acting at different levels of the complement cascade.

    RESULTS: 1) Borrelia garinii LU59 induced significantly higher complement activation than did Borrelia afzelii K78. 2) Borrelia afzelii K78 recruited higher amounts of factor H resulting in significantly lower C3 binding. 3) Both Borrelia strains were efficiently phagocytized by granulocytes and monocytes, with substantial inhibition by complement blockade at the levels of C3 and C5. 4) The release of the pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines IL-1β, IL-6, TNF, CCL20, and CXCL8, together with the anti-inflammatory IL-10, were increased the most (by>10-fold after exposure to Borrelia). 5) Both strains induced a similar release of cytokines and chemokines, which in contrast to the phagocytosis, was almost totally unaffected by complement blockade.

    CONCLUSIONS: Our results show that complement activation plays an important role in the process of phagocytosis but not in the subsequent cytokine release in response to live Borrelia spirochetes.

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  • 55.
    Sjöwall, Christoffer
    et al.
    Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för klinisk och experimentell medicin, Reumatologi. Linköpings universitet, Hälsouniversitetet. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Hjärt- och Medicincentrum, Reumatologiska kliniken i Östergötland.
    Cardell, Kristina
    Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för klinisk och experimentell medicin, Infektionsmedicin. Linköpings universitet, Hälsouniversitetet. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Hjärt- och Medicincentrum, Infektionskliniken i Östergötland.
    Bokarewa, Maria I
    University of Gothenburg.
    Enocsson, Helena
    Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för klinisk och experimentell medicin. Linköpings universitet, Hälsouniversitetet.
    Ekstedt, Mattias
    Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för klinisk och experimentell medicin, Gastroenterologi och hepatologi. Linköpings universitet, Hälsouniversitetet. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Hjärt- och Medicincentrum, Endokrin- och magtarmmedicinska kliniken US.
    Lindvall, Liselott
    Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för klinisk och experimentell medicin, Infektionsmedicin. Linköpings universitet, Hälsouniversitetet.
    Frydén, Aril
    Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för klinisk och experimentell medicin, Infektionsmedicin. Linköpings universitet, Hälsouniversitetet. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Hjärt- och Medicincentrum, Infektionskliniken i Östergötland.
    Almer, Sven
    Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för klinisk och experimentell medicin, Gastroenterologi och hepatologi. Linköpings universitet, Hälsouniversitetet. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Hjärt- och Medicincentrum, Endokrin- och magtarmmedicinska kliniken US.
    High prevalence of autoantibodies to C-reactive protein in patients with chronic hepatitis C infection: association with liver fibrosis and portal inflammation2012Ingår i: Human Immunology, ISSN 0198-8859, E-ISSN 1879-1166, Vol. 73, nr 4, s. 382-388Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    The presence of autoantibodies against C-reactive protein (anti-CRP) has been reported in association with autoimmunity and histopathology in chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. Resistin could play a role in the pathogenesis of hepatitis, although results on HCV infection are ambiguous. Here we retrospectively analyzed anti-CRP and resistin levels in the sera of 38 untreated and well-characterized HCV patients at the time of their first liver biopsy. HCV activity and general health were assessed by a physician at least yearly until follow-up ended. Anti-CRP and resistin were also measured in patients with autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Anti-CRP antibodies were registered in all HCV patients, whereas only a few AIH (11%) and NAFLD (12%) sera were positive. Anti-CRP levels were related to histopathological severity and were highest in patients with cirrhosis at baseline. Resistin levels were similar in HCV, AIH, and NAFLD patients, but high levels of resistin were associated with early mortality in HCV patients. Neither anti-CRP nor resistin predicted a response to interferon-based therapy or cirrhosis development or was associated with liver-related mortality. We conclude that anti-CRP antibodies are frequently observed in chronic HCV infection and could be a useful marker of advanced fibrosis and portal inflammation.

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  • 56.
    Sjöwall, Johanna
    et al.
    Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för klinisk och experimentell medicin, Infektionsmedicin. Linköpings universitet, Hälsouniversitetet. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Hjärt- och Medicincentrum, Infektionskliniken i Östergötland.
    Ledel, Anna
    Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för medicin och hälsa, Hälsa och samhälle. Linköpings universitet, Hälsouniversitetet.
    Ernerudh, Jan
    Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för klinisk och experimentell medicin, Klinisk immunologi. Linköpings universitet, Hälsouniversitetet. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Diagnostikcentrum, Klinisk immunologi och transfusionsmedicin.
    Ekerfelt, Christina
    Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för klinisk och experimentell medicin, Klinisk immunologi. Linköpings universitet, Hälsouniversitetet.
    Forsberg, Pia
    Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för klinisk och experimentell medicin, Infektionsmedicin. Linköpings universitet, Hälsouniversitetet. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Hjärt- och Medicincentrum, Infektionskliniken i Östergötland.
    Doxycycline-mediated effects on persistent symptoms and systemic cytokine responses post-neuroborreliosis: a randomized, prospective, cross-over study2012Ingår i: BMC Infectious Diseases, E-ISSN 1471-2334, Vol. 12, nr 186, s. 1-12Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    BACKGROUND:

    Persistent symptoms after treatment of neuroborreliosis (NB) are well-documented, although the causative mechanisms are mainly unknown. The effect of repeated antibiotic treatment has not been studied in detail. The aim of this study was to determine whether: (1) persistent symptoms improve with doxycycline treatment; (2) doxycycline has an influence on systemic cytokine responses, and; (3) improvement of symptoms could be due to doxycycline-mediated immunomodulation.

    METHODS/DESIGN:

    15 NB patients with persistent symptoms ≥6 months post-treatment were double-blindly randomized to receive 200 mg of doxycycline or a placebo for three weeks. After a six-week wash-out period, a cross-over with a three-week course of a placebo or doxycycline was conducted. The primary outcome measures were improvement of persistent symptoms assessed by neurological examinations, a symptom severity score and estimation of the quality of life. The secondary outcome measure was changes in systemic cytokine responses.

    RESULTS:

    All 15 patients finished the study. No doxycycline-mediated improvement of post-treatment symptoms or quality of life was observed. Nor could any doxycycline-mediated changes in systemic cytokine responses be detected. The study was completed without any serious adverse events.

    DISCUSSION:

    No doxycycline-mediated improvement of post-treatment symptoms or quality of life was observed. Nor could any doxycycline-mediated changes in systemic cytokine responses be detected. The study was completed without any serious adverse events. To conclude, in this pilot study, doxycycline-treatment did not lead to any improvement of either the persistent symptoms or quality of life in post-NB patients. Accordingly, doxycycline does not seem to be the optimal treatment of diverse persistent symptoms post-NB. However, the results need to be confirmed in larger studies.

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  • 57.
    Sjöwall, Johanna
    et al.
    Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för klinisk och experimentell medicin, Infektionsmedicin. Linköpings universitet, Hälsouniversitetet.
    Ledel, Anna
    Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för medicin och hälsa, Allmänmedicin. Linköpings universitet, Hälsouniversitetet.
    Ernerudh, Jan
    Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för klinisk och experimentell medicin, Klinisk immunologi. Linköpings universitet, Hälsouniversitetet. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Diagnostikcentrum, Klinisk immunologi och transfusionsmedicin.
    Ekerfelt, Christina
    Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för klinisk och experimentell medicin, Klinisk immunologi. Linköpings universitet, Hälsouniversitetet.
    Forsberg, Pia
    Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för klinisk och experimentell medicin, Infektionsmedicin. Linköpings universitet, Hälsouniversitetet. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Hjärt- och Medicincentrum, Infektionskliniken i Östergötland.
    Lack of doxycycline-mediated effects on systemic cytokine responses and persistent symptoms post-neuroborreliosis: A double-blind, randomized, cross-over studyManuskript (preprint) (Övrigt vetenskapligt)
    Abstract [en]

    Background: Persistent symptoms after treatment of neuroborreliosis (NB) are welldocumented, although the causative mechanisms are mainly unknown. The effect of repeated antibiotic treatment has not been studied in detail. The aim of this study was to determine whether: (1) persistent symptoms improve with doxycycline treatment; (2) doxycycline has an influence on systemic cytokine responses, and; (3) improvement of symptoms could be due to doxycycline-mediated immunomodulation.

    Methods: Fifteen NB patients with persistent symptoms ≥6 months post-treatment were double-blindly randomized to receive 200 mg of doxycycline or a placebo for three weeks. After a six-week wash-out period, a cross-over with a three-week course of a placebo or doxycycline was conducted. The primary outcome measures were improvement of persistent symptoms assessed by neurological examinations, a symptom severity score and estimation of the quality of life. The secondary outcome measure was change in systemic cytokine responses.

    Results: No serious adverse effects were registered. No doxycycline-mediated improvement of symptoms or quality of life was observed. Nor could any doxycycline-mediated changes in systemic cytokine responses be detected.

    Conclusions In this pilot study, no doxycycline-mediated improvement of persistent symptoms or quality of life was observed. Consequently, use of doxycycline for treatment of persistent symptoms post-NB cannot be recommended.

  • 58.
    Skogman, Barbro H
    et al.
    Falun General Hospital, Sweden Centre Clin Research Dalarna, Sweden .
    Glimaker, Kajsa
    Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för klinisk och experimentell medicin, Infektionsmedicin. Linköpings universitet, Hälsouniversitetet.
    Nordwall, Maria
    Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för klinisk och experimentell medicin, Pediatrik. Linköpings universitet, Hälsouniversitetet. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Barn- och kvinnocentrum, Barn- och ungdomskliniken i Norrköping.
    Vrethem, Magnus
    Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för klinisk och experimentell medicin, Neurologi. Linköpings universitet, Hälsouniversitetet. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Närsjukvården i centrala Östergötland, Neurologiska kliniken.
    Ödkvist, Lars
    Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för klinisk och experimentell medicin, Oto-Rhino-Laryngologi. Linköpings universitet, Hälsouniversitetet. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Sinnescentrum, Öron- näsa- och halskliniken US.
    Forsberg, Pia
    Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för klinisk och experimentell medicin, Infektionsmedicin. Linköpings universitet, Hälsouniversitetet. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Hjärt- och Medicincentrum, Infektionskliniken i Östergötland.
    Long-term Clinical Outcome After Lyme Neuroborreliosis in Childhood2012Ingår i: Pediatrics, ISSN 0031-4005, E-ISSN 1098-4275, Vol. 130, nr 2, s. 262-269Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    OBJECTIVES: To determine long-term clinical outcome in children with confirmed Lyme neuroborreliosis (LNB) and to evaluate persistent subjective symptoms compared with a control group. less thanbrgreater than less thanbrgreater thanMETHODS: After a median of 5 years, 84 children with confirmed LNB underwent a neurologic re-examination, including a questionnaire. Medical records were analyzed, and a control group (n = 84) was included. less thanbrgreater than less thanbrgreater thanRESULTS: The total recovery rate was 73% (n = 61). Objective neurologic findings, defined as "definite sequelae," were found in 16 patients (19%). The majority of these children had persistent facial nerve palsy (n = 11), but other motor or sensory deficits occurred (n = 5). Neurologic signs and/or symptoms defined as "possible sequelae" were found in another 7 patients (8%), mainly of sensory character. Nonspecific subjective symptoms were reported by 35 patients (42%) and 32 controls (38%) (nonsignificant). Affected daily activities or school performance were reported to the same extent in both groups (23% vs 20%, nonsignificant). less thanbrgreater than less thanbrgreater thanCONCLUSIONS: The long-term clinical recovery rate was 73% in children with confirmed LNB. Persistent facial nerve palsy occurred in 13%, whereas other motor or sensory deficits were found in another 14%. Neurologic deficits did not affect daily activities or school performance more often among patients than controls and should be considered as mild. Furthermore, nonspecific subjective symptoms such as headache, fatigue, or memory or concentration problems were reported as often among patients as controls and should not be considered as sequelae after LNB.

  • 59.
    Skogman, Barbro H
    et al.
    Falun General Hospital.
    Hellberg, Sandra
    Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för klinisk och experimentell medicin, Klinisk immunologi. Linköpings universitet, Hälsouniversitetet.
    Ekerfelt, Christina
    Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för klinisk och experimentell medicin, Klinisk immunologi. Linköpings universitet, Hälsouniversitetet.
    Jenmalm, Maria
    Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för klinisk och experimentell medicin, Pediatrik. Linköpings universitet, Hälsouniversitetet.
    Forsberg, Pia
    Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för klinisk och experimentell medicin, Infektionsmedicin. Linköpings universitet, Hälsouniversitetet. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Hjärt- och Medicincentrum, Infektionskliniken i Östergötland.
    Ludvigsson, Johnny
    Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för klinisk och experimentell medicin, Pediatrik. Linköpings universitet, Hälsouniversitetet. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Barn- och kvinnocentrum, Barn- och ungdomskliniken i Linköping.
    Bergström, Sven
    Umeå University.
    Ernerudh, Jan
    Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för klinisk och experimentell medicin, Klinisk immunologi. Linköpings universitet, Hälsouniversitetet. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Diagnostikcentrum, Klinisk immunologi och transfusionsmedicin.
    Adaptive and Innate Immune Responsiveness to Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato in Exposed Asymptomatic Children and Children with Previous Clinical Lyme Borreliosis2012Ingår i: Clinical & Developmental Immunology, ISSN 1740-2522, E-ISSN 1740-2530, Vol. 2012, nr 294587Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    Why some individuals develop clinical manifestations in Lyme borreliosis (LB) while others remain asymptomatic is largely unknown. Therefore, we wanted to investigate adaptive and innate immune responsiveness to Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato in exposed Borrelia-antibody-positive asymptomatic children (n = 20), children with previous clinical LB (n = 24), and controls (n = 20). Blood samples were analyzed for Borrelia-specific interferon (IFN)-gamma, interleukin (IL)-4, and IL-17 secretion by ELISPOT and Borrelia-induced IL-1 beta, IL-6, IL-10, IL-12(p70), and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) secretion by Luminex. We found no significant differences in cytokine secretion between groups, but a tendency towards an increased spontaneous secretion of IL-6 was found among children with previous clinical LB. In conclusion, the adaptive or innate immune responsiveness to Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato was similar in Borrelia-exposed asymptomatic children and children with previous clinical LB. Thus, the immunological mechanisms of importance for eradicating the spirochete effectively without developing clinical manifestations of LB remain unknown.

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  • 60.
    Sowdamini Nakka, Sravya
    et al.
    PEAS Institut, Linköping, Sweden.
    Johansson, Jessica
    Örebro University, Sweden.
    Shahzad, Fasial
    PEAS Institut, Linköping, Sweden.
    Hanning, Anders
    Episentec AB, Sollentuna, Sweden.
    Nayeri, Fariba
    Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för klinisk och experimentell medicin, Infektionsmedicin. Linköpings universitet, Hälsouniversitetet. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Hjärt- och Medicincentrum, Infektionskliniken i Östergötland. PEAS Institut, Linköping.
    A methachromatic-based experimental model for identification of bowel as the focus of an acute inflammation2013Ingår i: Open Journal of Gastroenterology, ISSN 2163-9450, E-ISSN 2163-9469, Vol. 3, nr 1, s. 42-48Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    Diarrhea is the most common symptom of acute inflammation in gastrointestinal tract and the patients are isolated in order to inhibit transmission and to conduct investigations. Yet there is no standard test to distinguish gastrointestinal infection from more generalized diseases at admittance which might cause delay in therapy. Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) is produced upon injury by mesenchymal cells. On the contrary to chronic inflammation, HGF produced in the course of acute inflammation is biologically active and shows binding affinity to heparan sulphate proteoglycan (HSPG) and dextran sulphate (DS). Based on this phenomenon, an agarose gel containing DS was prepared and immobilized on loops to investigate the feces samples for the presence or absence of growth factors such as HGF with affinity to DS. The study is conducted as a clinical evaluation of an experimental model to distinguish acute infectious gastroenteritis from other causes of diarrhea. 656 fecal samples gathered consequently from patients seeking for bowel disturbances and healthy were tested by the test and the medical reports were investigated. Upon interaction with DS, methylene blue changes color to pink. This phenomenon was inhibited by HGF and converted by addition of anti-HGF antibodies to the samples. The test distinguished acute infectious gastroenteritis with high sensitivity and specificity (96% and 92% respectively) from other causes of diarrhea. We introduce a metachromatic experimental model that might distinguish acute inflammation in alimentary tract from other causes of diarrhea. This model might be used in developing rapid diagnostic tests.

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  • 61.
    Spindler, Carl
    et al.
    Karolinska University Hospital, Sweden .
    Stralin, Kristoffer
    Karolinska University Hospital, Sweden Örebro University Hospital, Sweden .
    Eriksson, Lars
    Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Hjärt- och Medicincentrum, Infektionskliniken i Östergötland.
    Hjerdt-Goscinski, Gunilla
    University of Uppsala Hospital, Sweden .
    Holmberg, Hans
    Örebro University Hospital, Sweden .
    Lidman, Christer
    Karolinska University Hospital, Sweden .
    Nilsson, Anna
    Lund University, Sweden .
    Ortqvist, Ake
    Karolinska University Hospital, Sweden .
    Hedlund, Jonas
    Karolinska University Hospital, Sweden .
    Swedish guidelines on the management of community-acquired pneumonia in immunocompetent adults-Swedish Society of Infectious Diseases 20122012Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Infectious Diseases, ISSN 0036-5548, E-ISSN 1651-1980, Vol. 44, nr 12, s. 885-902Artikel, forskningsöversikt (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    This document presents the 2012 evidence based guidelines of the Swedish Society of Infectious Diseases for the in-hospital management of adult immunocompetent patients with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). The prognostic score CRB-65 is recommended for the initial assessment of all CAP patients, and should be regarded as an aid for decision-making concerning the level of care required, microbiological investigation, and antibiotic treatment. Due to the favourable antibiotic resistance situation in Sweden, an initial narrow-spectrum antibiotic treatment primarily directed at Streptococcus pneumoniae is recommended in most situations. The recommended treatment for patients with severe CAP (CRB-65 score 2) is penicillin G in most situations. In critically ill patients (CRB-65 score 3-4), combination therapy with cefotaxime/macrolide or penicillin G/fluoroquinolone is recommended. A thorough microbiological investigation should be undertaken in all patients, including blood cultures, respiratory tract sampling, and urine antigens, with the addition of extensive sampling for more uncommon respiratory pathogens in the case of severe disease. Recommended measures for the prevention of CAP include vaccination for influenza and pneumococci, as well as smoking cessation.

  • 62.
    Taxbro, Knut
    et al.
    Ryhov County Hospital, Sweden .
    Berg, Sören
    Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för medicin och hälsa, Thoraxkirurgi. Linköpings universitet, Hälsouniversitetet. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Hjärt- och Medicincentrum, Thorax-kärlkliniken i Östergötland.
    Hammarskjold, Fredrik
    Ryhov County Hospital, Sweden .
    Hanberger, Håkan
    Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för klinisk och experimentell medicin, Infektionsmedicin. Linköpings universitet, Hälsouniversitetet. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Hjärt- och Medicincentrum, Infektionskliniken i Östergötland.
    Malmvall, Bo-Erik
    Jonköping County Council, Sweden .
    A prospective observational study on 249 subcutaneous central vein access ports in a Swedish county hospital2013Ingår i: Acta Oncologica, ISSN 0284-186X, E-ISSN 1651-226X, Vol. 52, nr 5, s. 893-901Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    Background. Reliable central vein access is a fundamental issue in modern advanced oncological care. The aim of this study was to determine the incidence of complications and patient perception regarding central vein access ports. Methods. We prospectively studied 249 single lumen access ports implanted between 1 July 2008 and 15 March 2010 in a mixed patient population at a 500-bed secondary level hospital in Sweden. We determined the number of catheter days, infection rate and mechanical complications, as well as patient satisfaction regarding the access port, over a six-month follow-up period. Results. Two hundred and forty-four different patients received 249 ports yielding a total of 37 763 catheter days. Ultrasound and fluoroscopic guidance was used in 98% of procedures. Vein access was obtained percutanously by an anaesthesiologist in all cases. There was no case of pneumo- or haemothorax. The incidence of catheter-related bloodstream infection, was 0.05/1000 catheter days and the incidence of pocket/tunnel infection was 0.39/1000 catheter days. Clinically apparent deep vein thrombosis occurred in four patients (1.6%). Patient satisfaction was overall high. Conclusion. These results confirm that our team-based approach with written easily accessible evidence-based guidelines and a structured education programme leads to a very low complication rate and a high degree of patient satisfaction.

  • 63.
    Tevell, S.
    et al.
    Karlstad Hospital, Sweden / Örebro University, Sweden.
    Claesson, Carina
    Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för klinisk och experimentell medicin, Avdelningen för mikrobiologi och molekylär medicin. Linköpings universitet, Hälsouniversitetet. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Diagnostikcentrum, Klinisk mikrobiologi.
    Hellmark, B.
    Örebro University Hospital, Sweden.
    Söderquist, B.
    Örebro University / Örebro University Hospital, Sweden.
    Nilsdotter-Augustinsson, Åsa
    Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för klinisk och experimentell medicin, Avdelningen för mikrobiologi och molekylär medicin. Linköpings universitet, Hälsouniversitetet. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Hjärt- och Medicincentrum, Infektionskliniken i Östergötland.
    Heterogeneous glycopeptide intermediate Staphylococcus epidermidis isolated from prosthetic joint infections2014Ingår i: European Journal of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, ISSN 0934-9723, E-ISSN 1435-4373, Vol. 33, nr 6, s. 911-917Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis (MRSE) poses a major problem in prosthetic joint infections (PJIs). Vancomycin is often considered the drug of choice in the empirical treatment of staphylococcal PJIs. As recent decades have seen reports of heterogeneous glycopeptide intermediate S. aureus (hGISA), our aim was to examine the prevalence of heterogeneous glycopeptide intermediate S. epidermidis (hGISE) in PJIs. S. epidermidis isolates (n = 122) from 119 patients in three Swedish counties between 1993 and 2012 were included. All were isolated from perioperative tissue samples from revision surgery in clinically verified PJIs. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing against staphylococcal antibiotics was performed. The macromethod Etest (MME) and glycopeptide resistance detection (GRD) Etest were used to detect hGISE. Standard minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) determination revealed no vancomycin-resistant isolates, while teicoplanin resistance was detected in 14 out of 122 isolates (11.5 %). hGISE was found in 95 out of 122 isolates (77.9 %), 64 out of 67 of isolates with teicoplanin MIC >2 mg/L (95.5 %) and 31 out of 55 of isolates with teicoplanin MIC ≤2 mg/L (56.4 %). Thus, the presence of hGISE cannot be ruled out by teicoplanin MIC ≤2 mg/L alone. Multidrug resistance was detected in 86 out of 95 hGISE isolates (90.5 %) and in 16 out of 27 isolates (59.3 %), where hGISE could not be detected. In conclusion, hGISE detected by MME or GRD was common in this material. However, hGISE is difficult to detect with standard laboratory diagnostic routines. Glycopeptide treatment may not be sufficient in many of these PJIs, even if standard MIC classifies the isolated S. epidermidis as susceptible.

  • 64.
    Tärnberg, Maria
    et al.
    Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för klinisk och experimentell medicin, Klinisk mikrobiologi. Linköpings universitet, Hälsouniversitetet.
    Östholm Balkhed, Åse
    Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för klinisk och experimentell medicin, Klinisk mikrobiologi. Linköpings universitet, Hälsouniversitetet. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Diagnostikcentrum, Klinisk mikrobiologi. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Hjärt- och Medicincentrum, Infektionskliniken i Östergötland.
    Monstein, Hans-Jurg
    Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för klinisk och experimentell medicin, Klinisk mikrobiologi. Linköpings universitet, Hälsouniversitetet. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Diagnostikcentrum, Klinisk mikrobiologi.
    Hällgren, Anita
    Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för klinisk och experimentell medicin, Infektionsmedicin. Linköpings universitet, Hälsouniversitetet. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Hjärt- och Medicincentrum, Infektionskliniken i Östergötland.
    Hanberger, Håkan
    Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för klinisk och experimentell medicin, Infektionsmedicin. Linköpings universitet, Hälsouniversitetet. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Hjärt- och Medicincentrum, Infektionskliniken i Östergötland.
    Nilsson, Lennart E
    Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för klinisk och experimentell medicin, Klinisk mikrobiologi. Linköpings universitet, Hälsouniversitetet.
    In vitro activity of beta-lactam antibiotics against CTX-M-producing Escherichia coli2011Ingår i: European Journal of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, ISSN 0934-9723, E-ISSN 1435-4373, Vol. 30, nr 8, s. 981-987Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    Beta-lactam antibiotics have been discussed as options for the treatment of infections caused by multiresistant extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing bacteria if the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) is low. The objective of this study was to investigate the in vitro activity of different beta-lactam antibiotics against CTX-M-producing Escherichia coli. A total of 198 isolates of E. coli with the ESBL phenotype were studied. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification of CTX-M genes and amplicon sequencing were performed. The MICs for amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, aztreonam, cefepime, cefotaxime, ceftazidime, ceftibuten, ertapenem, imipenem, mecillinam, meropenem, piperacillin-tazobactam, and temocillin were determined with the Etest. Susceptibility was defined according to the breakpoints of the European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (EUCAST). MIC(50) and MIC(90) values were calculated. Isolates from CTX-M group 9 showed higher susceptibility to the beta-lactam antibiotics tested than isolates belonging to CTX-M group 1. More than 90% of the isolates belonging to CTX-M group 9 were susceptible to amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, ceftazidime, ceftibuten, piperacillin-tazobactam, and temocillin. The susceptibility was high to mecillinam, being 91%, regardless of the CTX-M group. All isolates were susceptible to imipenem and meropenem, and 99% to ertapenem. This study shows significant differences in susceptibility to different beta-lactam antibiotics among the CTX-M-producing E. coli isolates and a significant difference for many antibiotics tested between the CTX-M-producing groups 1 and 9. The good in vitro activity of other beta-lactam antibiotics compared to carbapenems indicate that clinical studies are warranted in order to examine the potential role of these beta-lactam antibiotics in the treatment of infections caused by multiresistant ESBL-producing E. coli.

  • 65.
    Vrethem, Magnus
    et al.
    Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för klinisk och experimentell medicin, Neurologi. Linköpings universitet, Hälsouniversitetet. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Närsjukvården i centrala Östergötland, Neurologiska kliniken.
    Widhe, Mona
    Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för klinisk och experimentell medicin, Klinisk immunologi. Linköpings universitet, Hälsouniversitetet.
    Ernerudh, Jan
    Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för klinisk och experimentell medicin, Klinisk immunologi. Linköpings universitet, Hälsouniversitetet. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Diagnostikcentrum, Klinisk immunologi och transfusionsmedicin.
    Garpmo, Ulf
    Kalmar Hospital.
    Forsberg, Pia
    Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för klinisk och experimentell medicin, Infektionsmedicin. Linköpings universitet, Hälsouniversitetet. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Hjärt- och Medicincentrum, Infektionskliniken i Östergötland.
    Clinical, diagnostic and immunological characteristics of patients with possible neuroborreliosis without intrathecal Ig-synthesis against Borrelia antigen in the cerebrospinal fluid2011Ingår i: Neurology International, ISSN 2035-8385, E-ISSN 2035-8377, Vol. 3, nr 1, artikel-id e2Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    The diagnosis of neuroborreliosis is not always straightforward. Intrathecal immunoglobulin (Ig) synthesis against Borrelia antigen may not be detected, at least early in the disease course. Also other neurological and infectious diagnoses have to be considered. We have studied patients with clinical possible neuroborreliosis without intrathecal Ig synthesis against Borrelia antigen in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) (n=17). Diagnosis was based on typical clinical history and at least one of the following findings; mononuclear leucocytosis in the CSF (n=4); typical erythema migrans >5 cm in diameter in relation to debut of symptoms (n=8); prompt clinical response to antibiotic teratment (n=14). Also other possible diagnoses had to be excluded. Seventeen patients first investigated because of suspected neuroborreliosis but later confirmed with other diagnoses were used as controls. All patients had a lumbar puncture. Borrelia specific IFN-γ and IL-4 secretion was investigated in peripheral blood (PBL) and CSF with an ELISPOT assay. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to reveal any Borrelia antigen in the CSF. Six of 17 patients with possible neuroborreliosis showed high IFN-g secretion in peripheral blood, otherwise we found no statistically significant differences between the groups. PCR did not reveal any Borrelia antigen in CSF. The diagnosis and treatment of possible but not confirmed neuroborreliosis is a clinical challenge. The clinical response to treatment may be the best option in these cases.

  • 66.
    Wertheim, Heiman F. L.
    et al.
    Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Hanoi, Viet Nam.
    Chandna, Arjun
    Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Hanoi, Viet Nam.
    Dinh Vu, Phu
    National Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Hanoi, Viet Nam.
    Van Pham, Ca
    National Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Hanoi, Viet Nam.
    Thi Nguyen, Phong Dai
    National Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Hanoi, Viet Nam.
    Minh Lam, Yen
    National Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Hanoi, Viet Nam.
    Van Nguyen, Chau Vinh
    Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam.
    Larsson, Mattias
    Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Hanoi, Viet Nam.
    Rydell, Ulf
    Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för klinisk och experimentell medicin, Avdelningen för mikrobiologi och molekylär medicin. Linköpings universitet, Hälsouniversitetet.
    Nilsson, Lennart E
    Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för klinisk och experimentell medicin, Avdelningen för mikrobiologi och molekylär medicin. Linköpings universitet, Hälsouniversitetet.
    Farrar, Jeremy
    University of Oxford, Vietnam South East Asia Infect Disease Clin Research Network, Vietnam.
    Van Nguyen, Kinh
    National Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Hanoi, Viet Nam.
    Hanberger, Håkan
    Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för klinisk och experimentell medicin, Avdelningen för mikrobiologi och molekylär medicin. Linköpings universitet, Hälsouniversitetet. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Hjärt- och Medicincentrum, Infektionskliniken i Östergötland.
    Providing Impetus, Tools, and Guidance to Strengthen National Capacity for Antimicrobial Stewardship in Viet Nam2013Ingår i: PLoS Medicine, ISSN 1549-1277, E-ISSN 1549-1676, Vol. 10, nr 5Artikel i tidskrift (Övrigt vetenskapligt)
    Abstract [en]

    n/a

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  • 67.
    Wilhelmsson, Peter
    et al.
    Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för klinisk och experimentell medicin, Cellbiologi. Linköpings universitet, Hälsouniversitetet.
    Fryland, Linda
    Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för klinisk och experimentell medicin. Linköpings universitet, Hälsouniversitetet.
    Börjesson, Stefan
    Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för klinisk och experimentell medicin, Medicinsk mikrobiologi. Linköpings universitet, Hälsouniversitetet.
    Nordgren, Johan
    Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för klinisk och experimentell medicin, Medicinsk mikrobiologi. Linköpings universitet, Hälsouniversitetet.
    Bergström, Sven
    Ernerudh, Jan
    Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för klinisk och experimentell medicin, Klinisk immunologi. Linköpings universitet, Hälsouniversitetet. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Diagnostikcentrum, Klinisk immunologi och transfusionsmedicin.
    Forsberg, Pia
    Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för klinisk och experimentell medicin, Infektionsmedicin. Linköpings universitet, Hälsouniversitetet. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Hjärt- och Medicincentrum, Infektionskliniken i Östergötland.
    Lindgren, Per-Eric
    Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för klinisk och experimentell medicin, Medicinsk mikrobiologi. Linköpings universitet, Hälsouniversitetet.
    Erratum: Prevalence and Diversity of Borrelia Species in Ticks That Have Bitten Humans in Sweden (vol 48, pg 4169, 2010)2011Ingår i: Journal of Clinical Microbiology, ISSN 0095-1137, E-ISSN 1098-660X, Vol. 49, nr 1, s. 481-481Artikel i tidskrift (Övrigt vetenskapligt)
    Abstract [en]

    n/a

  • 68.
    Wilhelmsson, Peter
    et al.
    Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för klinisk och experimentell medicin, Cellbiologi. Linköpings universitet, Hälsouniversitetet.
    Fryland, Linda
    Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för klinisk och experimentell medicin. Linköpings universitet, Hälsouniversitetet.
    Börjesson, Stefan
    Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för klinisk och experimentell medicin, Medicinsk mikrobiologi. Linköpings universitet, Hälsouniversitetet.
    Nordgren, Johan
    Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för klinisk och experimentell medicin, Medicinsk mikrobiologi. Linköpings universitet, Hälsouniversitetet.
    Bergström, Sven
    Umeå University.
    Ernerudh, Jan
    Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för klinisk och experimentell medicin, Klinisk immunologi. Linköpings universitet, Hälsouniversitetet. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Diagnostikcentrum, Klinisk immunologi och transfusionsmedicin.
    Forsberg, Pia
    Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för klinisk och experimentell medicin, Infektionsmedicin. Linköpings universitet, Hälsouniversitetet. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Hjärt- och Medicincentrum, Infektionskliniken i Östergötland.
    Lindgren, Per-Eric
    Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för klinisk och experimentell medicin, Medicinsk mikrobiologi. Linköpings universitet, Hälsouniversitetet.
    Prevalence and Diversity of Borrelia Species in Ticks That Have Bitten Humans in Sweden2010Ingår i: JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY, ISSN 0095-1137, Vol. 48, nr 11, s. 4169-4176Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    Members of the genus Borrelia are among the most common infectious agents causing tick-borne disease in humans worldwide. Here, we developed a Light Upon eXtension (LUX) real-time PCR assay that can detect and quantify Borrelia species in ticks that have fed on humans, and we applied the assay to 399 such ticks. Borrelia PCR-positive ticks were identified to species level by sequencing the products of conventional PCR performed using Borrelia group-specific primers. There was a 19% prevalence of Borrelia spp. in the detached ticks, and the number of spirochetes per Borrelia PCR-positive tick ranged from 2.0 x 10(2) to 4.9 x 10(5), with a median of 7.8 x 10(3) spirochetes. Adult ticks had a significantly larger number of spirochetes, with a median of 8.4 x 10(4) compared to the median of nymphs of 4.4 x 10(4). Adult ticks also exhibited a higher prevalence of Borrelia (33%) than nymphs (14%). Among the identified species, Borrelia afzelii was found to predominate (61%) and was followed by B. garinii (23%), B. valaisiana (13%), B. burgdorferi sensu stricto (1%), B. lusitaniae (1%), and B. miyamotoi-like (1%). Also, 3% of the ticks were coinfected with multiple strains of B. afzelii. Notably, this is the first report of B. lusitaniae being detected in ticks in Sweden. Our LUX real-time PCR assay proved to be more sensitive than a corresponding TaqMan assay. In conclusion, the novel LUX real-time PCR method is a rapid and sensitive tool for detection and quantification of Borrelia spp. in ticks.

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  • 69.
    Wilhelmsson, Peter
    et al.
    Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för klinisk och experimentell medicin, Avdelningen för mikrobiologi och molekylär medicin. Linköpings universitet, Hälsouniversitetet.
    Fryland, Linda
    Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för klinisk och experimentell medicin, Avdelningen för mikrobiologi och molekylär medicin. Linköpings universitet, Hälsouniversitetet.
    Lindblom, Pontus
    Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för klinisk och experimentell medicin, Avdelningen för mikrobiologi och molekylär medicin. Linköpings universitet, Hälsouniversitetet.
    Sjöwall, Johanna
    Linköpings universitet, Medicinska fakulteten. Region Östergötland, Hjärt- och Medicincentrum, Infektionskliniken i Östergötland. Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för klinisk och experimentell medicin, Avdelningen för mikrobiologi och molekylär medicin.
    Ahlm, Clas
    Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Clinical Microbiology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.
    Berglund, Johan
    School of Health Science, Blekinge Institute of Technology, Karlskrona, Sweden.
    Haglund, Mats
    Department of Infectious Diseases, Kalmar County Hospital, Kalmar, Sweden.
    Henningsson, Anna
    Department of Clinical Microbiology, Division of Medical Services, Ryhov County Hospital, Jönkoping, Sweden.
    Nolskog, Peter
    Department of Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Region Västra Götaland, Skaraborg Hospital, Skövde, Sweden.
    Nordberg, Marika
    The Åland Group for Borrelia Research, Mariehamn, Åland, Finland.
    Nyberg, Clara
    The Åland Group for Borrelia Research, Mariehamn, Åland, Finland.
    Ornstein, Katharina
    Department of Internal Medicine, Hässleholm Hospital, Hässleholm, Sweden/Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
    Nyman, Dag
    The Åland Group for Borrelia Research, Mariehamn, Åland, Finland.
    Ekerfelt, Christina
    Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för klinisk och experimentell medicin, Avdelningen för inflammationsmedicin. Linköpings universitet, Hälsouniversitetet.
    Forsberg, Pia
    Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för klinisk och experimentell medicin, Avdelningen för mikrobiologi och molekylär medicin. Linköpings universitet, Hälsouniversitetet. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Hjärt- och Medicincentrum, Infektionskliniken i Östergötland.
    Lindgren, Per-Eric
    Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för klinisk och experimentell medicin, Avdelningen för mikrobiologi och molekylär medicin. Linköpings universitet, Hälsouniversitetet.
    A prospective study on the incidence of Borrelia infection after a tick bite in Sweden and on the Åland Islands, Finland (2008-2009)2016Ingår i: Ticks and Tick-borne Diseases, ISSN 1877-959X, E-ISSN 1877-9603, Vol. 7, nr 1, s. 71-79Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    Lyme borreliosis (LB) is a common and increasing tick-borne disease in Europe. The risk of acquiring a Borrelia infection after a tick bite is not fully known. Therefore, we investigated the incidence of Borrelia infection after a tick bite and if the Borrelia load and/or the duration of tick-feeding influenced the risk of infection. During 2008-2009, ticks and blood samples were collected from 1546 tick-bitten persons from Sweden and the Åland Islands, Finland. Follow-up blood samples were taken three months after the tick bite. The duration of tick feeding was microscopically estimated and Borrelia was detected and quantified in ticks by real-time PCR. Anti-Borrelia antibodies were detected in sera using ELISA assays and immunoblot.

    Even though 28 % of the participants were bitten by a Borrelia-positive tick, only 7.5% (32/428) of them developed a Borrelia infection, half of them LB. All who seroconverted removed “their” ticks significantly later than those who did not. The Borrelia load in the ticks did not explain the risk of seroconversion. Regional as well as gender differences in the Borrelia seroprevalence were found. The risk of developing a Borrelia infection after a bite by a Borrelia-infected tick is small but increases with the duration of tick feeding.

  • 70.
    Wilhelmsson, Peter
    et al.
    Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för klinisk och experimentell medicin, Avdelningen för mikrobiologi och molekylär medicin. Linköpings universitet, Hälsouniversitetet.
    Lindblom, Pontus
    Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för klinisk och experimentell medicin, Avdelningen för mikrobiologi och molekylär medicin. Linköpings universitet, Hälsouniversitetet.
    Fryland, Linda
    Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för klinisk och experimentell medicin, Avdelningen för mikrobiologi och molekylär medicin. Linköpings universitet, Hälsouniversitetet.
    Ernerudh, Jan
    Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för klinisk och experimentell medicin, Avdelningen för inflammationsmedicin. Linköpings universitet, Hälsouniversitetet. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Diagnostikcentrum, Klinisk immunologi och transfusionsmedicin.
    Forsberg, Pia
    Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för klinisk och experimentell medicin, Avdelningen för mikrobiologi och molekylär medicin. Linköpings universitet, Hälsouniversitetet. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Hjärt- och Medicincentrum, Infektionskliniken i Östergötland.
    Lindgren, Per-Eric
    Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för klinisk och experimentell medicin, Avdelningen för mikrobiologi och molekylär medicin. Linköpings universitet, Hälsouniversitetet.
    Prevalence, Diversity, and Load of Borrelia species in Ticks That Have Fed on Humans in Regions of Sweden and Åland Islands, Finland with Different Lyme Borreliosis Incidences2013Ingår i: PLOS ONE, E-ISSN 1932-6203, Vol. 8, nr 11, s. e81433-Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    The incidence of Lyme borreliosis (LB) in a region may reflect the prevalence of Borrelia in the tick population. Our aim was to investigate if regions with different LB incidences can be distinguished by studying the prevalence and diversity of Borrelia species in their respective tick populations. The Borrelia load in a feeding tick increases with the duration of feeding, which may facilitate a transmission of Borrelia Spirochetes from tick to host. Therefore, we also wanted to investigate how the Borrelia load in ticks that have fed on humans varies with the duration of tick feeding. During 2008 and 2009, ticks that had bitten humans were collected from four regions of Sweden and Finland, regions with expected differences in LB incidence. The duration of tick feeding was estimated and Borrelia were detected and quantified by a quantitative PCR assay followed by species determination. Out of the 2,154 Ixodes ricinus ticks analyzed, 26% were infected with Borrelia and seven species were identified. B. spielmanii was detected for the first time in the regions. The tick populations collected from the four regions exhibited only minor differences in both prevalence and diversity of Borrelia species, indicating that these variables alone cannot explain the regions different LB incidences. The number of Borrelia cells in the infected ticks ranged from fewer than ten to more than a million. We also found a lower number of Borrelia cells in adult female ticks that had fed for more than 36 hours, compared to the number of Borrelia cells found in adult female ticks that had fed for less than 36 hours.

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  • 71.
    Wilhelmsson, Peter
    et al.
    Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för klinisk och experimentell medicin, Avdelningen för mikrobiologi och molekylär medicin. Linköpings universitet, Hälsouniversitetet.
    Lindblom, Pontus
    Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för klinisk och experimentell medicin, Avdelningen för mikrobiologi och molekylär medicin. Linköpings universitet, Hälsouniversitetet.
    Fryland, Linda
    Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för klinisk och experimentell medicin, Infektionsmedicin. Linköpings universitet, Hälsouniversitetet.
    Nyman, Dag
    Jaenson, Thomas GT
    Uppsala University, Sweden .
    Forsberg, Pia
    Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för klinisk och experimentell medicin, Infektionsmedicin. Linköpings universitet, Hälsouniversitetet. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Hjärt- och Medicincentrum, Infektionskliniken i Östergötland.
    Lindgren, Per-Eric
    Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för klinisk och experimentell medicin, Avdelningen för mikrobiologi och molekylär medicin. Linköpings universitet, Hälsouniversitetet. Ryhov County Hospital, Jönköping, Sweden .
    Ixodes ricinus ticks removed from humans in Northern Europe: seasonal pattern of infestation, attachment sites and duration of feeding2013Ingår i: Parasites & Vectors, E-ISSN 1756-3305, Vol. 6, nr 362Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    BACKGROUND:

    The common tick Ixodes ricinus is the main vector in Europe of the tick-borne encephalitis virus and of several species of the Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato complex, which are the etiological agents of Lyme borreliosis. The risk to contract bites of I. ricinus is dependent on many factors including the behaviour of both ticks and people. The tick's site of attachment on the human body and the duration of tick attachment may be of clinical importance. Data on I. ricinus ticks, which were found attached to the skin of people, were analysed regarding potentially stage-specific differences in location of attachment sites, duration of tick attachment (= feeding duration), seasonal and geographical distribution of tick infestation in relation to age and gender of the tick-infested hosts.

    METHODS:

    During 2008-2009, 1770 tick-bitten persons from Sweden and the Åland Islands removed 2110 I. ricinus ticks. Participants provided information about the date of tick detection and location on their body of each attached tick. Ticks were identified to species and developmental stage. The feeding duration of each nymph and adult female tick was microscopically estimated based on the scutal and the coxal index.

    RESULTS:

    In 2008, participants were tick-bitten from mid-May to mid-October and in 2009 from early April to early November. The infestation pattern of the nymphs was bimodal whereas that of the adult female ticks was unimodal with a peak in late summer. Tick attachment site on the human body was associated with stage of the tick and gender of the human host. Site of attachment seemed to influence the duration of tick feeding. Overall, 63% of nymphs and adult female ticks were detected and removed more than 24 hours after attachment. Older persons, compared to younger ones, and men, compared to women, removed "their" ticks after a longer period of tick attachment.

    CONCLUSIONS:

    The infestation behaviour of the different tick stages concerning where on the host's body the ticks generally will attach and when such ticks generally will be detected and removed in relation to host age and gender, should be of value for the development of prophylactic methods against tick infestation and to provide relevant advice to people on how to avoid or reduce the risk of tick infestation.

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  • 72.
    Woksepp, Hanna
    et al.
    Kalmar County Hospital, Sweden; Linnaeus University, Sweden.
    Ryberg, Anna
    Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för klinisk och experimentell medicin, Avdelningen för mikrobiologi och molekylär medicin. Linköpings universitet, Hälsouniversitetet.
    Billstrom, Hanna
    Public Health Agency Sweden, Sweden.
    Hällgren, Anita
    Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för klinisk och experimentell medicin, Avdelningen för mikrobiologi och molekylär medicin. Linköpings universitet, Hälsouniversitetet. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Hjärt- och Medicincentrum, Infektionskliniken i Östergötland.
    Nilsson, Lennart E
    Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för klinisk och experimentell medicin, Avdelningen för mikrobiologi och molekylär medicin. Linköpings universitet, Hälsouniversitetet.
    Marklund, Britt-Inger
    Linnaeus University, Sweden.
    Olsson-Liljequist, Barbro
    Public Health Agency Sweden, Sweden.
    Schön, Thomas
    Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för klinisk och experimentell medicin, Avdelningen för mikrobiologi och molekylär medicin. Linköpings universitet, Hälsouniversitetet. Kalmar County Hospital, Sweden.
    Evaluation of High-Resolution Melting Curve Analysis of Ligation-Mediated Real-Time PCR, a Rapid Method for Epidemiological Typing of ESKAPE (Enterococcus faecium, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Enterobacter Species) Pathogens2014Ingår i: Journal of Clinical Microbiology, ISSN 0095-1137, E-ISSN 1098-660X, Vol. 52, nr 12, s. 4339-4342Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    A single-tube method, ligation-mediated real-time PCR high-resolution melt analysis (LMqPCR HRMA), was modified for the rapid typing of Enterococcus faecium, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Enterobacter spp. (ESKAPE) pathogens. A 97% agreement (60/62 isolates) was achieved in comparison to pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) results, which indicates that LMqPCR HRMA is a rapid and accurate screening tool for monitoring nosocomial outbreaks.

  • 73.
    Ydreborg, Magdalena
    et al.
    University of Gothenburg.
    Westin, Johan
    University of Gothenburg.
    Rembeck, Karolina
    University of Gothenburg.
    Lindh, Magnus
    University of Gothenburg.
    Norgren, Hans
    University Hospital Lund .
    Holmberg, Anna
    University Hospital Lund .
    Wejstål, Rune
    University of Gothenburg.
    Norkrans, Gunnar
    University of Gothenburg.
    Cardell, Kristina
    Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Hjärt- och Medicincentrum, Infektionskliniken i Östergötland. Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för klinisk och experimentell medicin, Avdelningen för mikrobiologi och molekylär medicin. Linköpings universitet, Hälsouniversitetet.
    Weiland, Ola
    KI, Karolinska University Hospital.
    Lagging, Martin
    University of Gothenburg .
    Impact of IL28B-Related Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms on Liver Transient Elastography in Chronic Hepatitis C Infection2013Ingår i: PLOS ONE, E-ISSN 1932-6203, Vol. 8, nr 11, s. e80172-Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    Background and Aims

    Recently, several genome-wide association studies have revealed that single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in proximity to IL28B predict spontaneous clearance of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection as well as outcome following pegylated interferon and ribavirin therapy among genotype 1 infected patients. Additionally the presence of the otherwise favorable IL28B genetic variants in the context of HCV genotype 3 infection reportedly entail more pronounced liver fibrosis and steatosis. The present study aimed to evaluate the impact of IL28B SNP variability on liver stiffness as accessed by transient elastography.

    Methods

    Seven hundred and seventy-one Swedish HCV infected patients sequentially undergoing liver stiffness measurement by means of Fibroscan® in the context of a real-life trial had samples available for IL28B genotyping (rs12979860) and HCV genotyping.

    Results

    CCrs12979860 was more common among HCV genotype 2 or 3 infected treatment-naïve patients than among those infected with genotype 1 (P<0.0001). Additionally CCrs12979860 among HCV genotype 3 infected patients was associated with higher liver stiffness values (P = 0.004), and higher AST to platelet ratio index (APRI; p = 0.02) as compared to carriers of the T allele. Among HCV genotype 1 infected patients, CCrs12979860 was significantly associated with higher viral load (P = 0.001), with a similar non-significant trend noted among HCV genotype 3 infected patients.

    Conclusion

    This study confirms previous reports that the CCrs12979860 SNP is associated with more pronounced liver pathology in patients chronically infected with HCV genotype 3 as compared to genotype 1, suggesting that IL28B genetic variants differently regulates the course of HCV infection across HCV genotypes.

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  • 74.
    Åkerlund, Anna
    et al.
    Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för klinisk och experimentell medicin, Avdelningen för mikrobiologi och molekylär medicin. Linköpings universitet, Medicinska fakulteten.
    Sundqvist, Martin
    Universitetssjukhuset, Örebro, Sweden.
    Hanberger, Håkan
    Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för klinisk och experimentell medicin, Avdelningen för mikrobiologi och molekylär medicin. Linköpings universitet, Medicinska fakulteten. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Hjärt- och Medicincentrum, Infektionskliniken i Östergötland.
    Åhrén, Christina
    regionala Strama, Västra Götalandsregionen, Göteborg, Sweden.
    Serrander, Lena
    Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för klinisk och experimentell medicin, Avdelningen för mikrobiologi och molekylär medicin. Linköpings universitet, Medicinska fakulteten. Region Östergötland, Hjärt- och Medicincentrum, Infektionskliniken i Östergötland.
    Giske, Christian G
    Karolinska universitetssjukhuset, Solna, Sweden.
    Svarstiderna kan kortas vid mikrobiologisk diagnostik av sepsis: Bättre öppettider på laboratorier och aktiv rådgivning ger snabbare terapi2015Ingår i: Läkartidningen, ISSN 0023-7205, E-ISSN 1652-7518, Vol. 112, nr 7, artikel-id C73SArtikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [sv]

    Snabbt insatt adekvat antibiotikabehandling är livräddande vid allvarliga bakteriella infektioner. 

    Snabb mikrobiologisk diagnostik krävs i och med ökande antibiotikaresistens och kommer att ge medicinska vinster.

    En enkät till landets mikrobiologiska laboratorier visar på stora skillnader avseende tillgänglighet, snabbhet och kommunikation med svarsmottagande enhet vad gäller positiva blododlingar.

    För snabbare svar krävs att mikrobiologiska laboratorier erbjuder mer generösa öppettider, effektivare transportsystem och patientnära blododlingsinkubatorer samt tidig och aktiv rådgivning till behandlande läkare.

    n/a

  • 75. Beställ onlineKöp publikationen >>
    Östholm Balkhed, Åse
    Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för klinisk och experimentell medicin, Avdelningen för mikrobiologi och molekylär medicin. Linköpings universitet, Hälsouniversitetet. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Hjärt- och Medicincentrum, Infektionskliniken i Östergötland.
    Extended-Spectrum ß-Lactamase-Producing Enterobacteriaceae: Antibiotic consumption, Detection and Resistance Epidemiology2014Doktorsavhandling, sammanläggning (Övrigt vetenskapligt)
    Abstract [en]

    ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae are emerging worldwide and they are frequently multi-drug resistant, thus limiting treatment options for infections caused by these pathogens.

    The overall aim of the thesis was to investigate ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae in a Swedish county.

    First, we developed a molecular method, a multiplex PCR assay for identification of SHV, TEM and CTX-M genes in clinical isolates of Enterobacteriaceae with an ESBL phenotype.

    From 2002 until the end of 2007 all isolates of ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae in Östergötland, Sweden were further investigated. The prevalence of ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae was low, <1%, but increasing,while the antibiotic consumption remained unchanged. CTX-M enzymes, particularly CTX-M group 1, dominate in our region as well as in the rest of Europe.

    Furthermore, we have investigated antimicrobial susceptibility by performing MIC-testing in a large, well-characterized population of CTX-M-producing E. coli. Only three oral antimicrobial agents (fosfomycin, nitrofurantoin and mecillinam) demonstrated susceptibility above 90%. High susceptibility, >90%, was also demonstrated for carbapenems, colistin, tigecycline and amikacin. Sixty-eight per cent of ESBL-producing E. coli was multi-resistant, and the most common multi-resistance pattern was the ESBL phenotype with decreased susceptibility to trimethoprim, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, ciprofloxacin, gentamicin and tobramycin. Isolates belonging to CTX-M group 9 are generally more susceptible to antibiotics than the CTX-M group 1-producing E. coli.

    Finally, a prospective multicentre case-control study examined the prevalence of ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae in faecal samples before and after travel abroad and the risk factors of acquisition. Sixty-eight of 226 travellers (30%) had ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae in the faecal flora. The geographical area visited had the highest impact on acquisition, with highest the risk for travellers visiting the Indian subcontinent, followed by Asia and Africa north of the equator. Also, acquisition of ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae during travel is associated with abdominal symptoms such as diarrhoea. Age also seemed to affect the risk of acquiring ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae, the highest risks were found among travellers ≥ 65 years.

    This thesis has contributed to increased understanding of the epidemiology of ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae and their susceptibility to both beta-lactam and non-beta-lactam agents.

    Delarbeten
    1. Multiplex PCR amplification assay for the detection of blaSHV, blaTEM and blaCTX-M genes in Enterobacteriaceae
    Öppna denna publikation i ny flik eller fönster >>Multiplex PCR amplification assay for the detection of blaSHV, blaTEM and blaCTX-M genes in Enterobacteriaceae
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    2007 (Engelska)Ingår i: Acta Pathologica, Microbiologica et Immunologica Scandinavica (APMIS), ISSN 0903-4641, E-ISSN 1600-0463, Vol. 115, nr 12, s. 1400-1408Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat) Published
    Abstract [en]

    Extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) are often mediated by bla-SHV, blaTEM and blaCTX-M genes in Enterobacteriaceae and other Gram-negative bacteria. Numerous molecular typing methods, including PCR-based assays, have been developed for their identification. To reduce the number of PCR amplifications needed we have developed a multiplex PCR assay which detects and discriminates between bla-SHV, blaTEM and blaCTX-M PCR amplicons of 747, 445 and 593 bp, respectively. This multiplex PCR assay allowed the identification of bla-SHV, blaTEM and blaCTX-M genes in a series of clinical isolates of Enterobacteriaceae with previously characterised ESBL phenotype. The presence of blaSHV, blaTEM and blaCTX-M genes was confirmed by partial DNA sequence analysis. Apparently, the universal well-established CTX-M primer pair used here to reveal plasmid-encoded blaCTX-M genes would also amplify the chromosomally located K-1 enzyme gene in all Klebsiella oxytoca strains included in the study.

    Nationell ämneskategori
    Medicin och hälsovetenskap
    Identifikatorer
    urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-41186 (URN)10.1111/j.1600-0463.2007.00722.x (DOI)55314 (Lokalt ID)55314 (Arkivnummer)55314 (OAI)
    Tillgänglig från: 2009-10-10 Skapad: 2009-10-10 Senast uppdaterad: 2024-01-10
    2. Prevalence of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae and trends in antibiotic consumption in a county of Sweden
    Öppna denna publikation i ny flik eller fönster >>Prevalence of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae and trends in antibiotic consumption in a county of Sweden
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    2010 (Engelska)Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Infectious Diseases, ISSN 0036-5548, E-ISSN 1651-1980, Vol. 42, nr 11-12, s. 831-838Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat) Published
    Abstract [en]

    In the last decade extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing bacteria have become an increasing problem. Our aims were to investigate the prevalence of ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae and trends in antibiotic use in the county of Ostergotland, Sweden. From 2002 through 2007 there were 224 ESBL-producing Escherichia coli and 23 Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates with an ESBL-phenotype identified among all Enterobacteriaceae isolated at the clinical laboratory. Trends in antibiotic consumption expressed as defined daily doses (DDD) per 1000 inhabitants and day (DID) were studied. The prevalence of ESBL-producing isolates among Enterobacteriaceae in our region is still low (andlt; 1%). Patients with ESBL-producing E. coli increased significantly (p andlt; 0.001) from 5 in y 2002 to 47 in y 2007. CTX-M group 1 was the dominant enzyme group in both E. coli and K. pneumoniae. Antibiotic susceptibility testing of ciprofloxacin, gentamicin and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole revealed that 58% of E. coli and 50% of K. pneumoniae isolates were multi-resistant. Antibiotic use remained unchanged from 2001 through 2009, but there was a trend towards increased use of drugs with low ESBL selection potential, which was probably due to the increased prevalence of ESBL producers.

    Ort, förlag, år, upplaga, sidor
    Informa Healthcare, 2010
    Nationell ämneskategori
    Medicin och hälsovetenskap
    Identifikatorer
    urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-63145 (URN)10.3109/00365548.2010.498017 (DOI)000284168300006 ()
    Tillgänglig från: 2010-12-13 Skapad: 2010-12-13 Senast uppdaterad: 2024-01-10Bibliografiskt granskad
    3. In vitro activity of beta-lactam antibiotics against CTX-M-producing Escherichia coli
    Öppna denna publikation i ny flik eller fönster >>In vitro activity of beta-lactam antibiotics against CTX-M-producing Escherichia coli
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    2011 (Engelska)Ingår i: European Journal of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, ISSN 0934-9723, E-ISSN 1435-4373, Vol. 30, nr 8, s. 981-987Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat) Published
    Abstract [en]

    Beta-lactam antibiotics have been discussed as options for the treatment of infections caused by multiresistant extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing bacteria if the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) is low. The objective of this study was to investigate the in vitro activity of different beta-lactam antibiotics against CTX-M-producing Escherichia coli. A total of 198 isolates of E. coli with the ESBL phenotype were studied. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification of CTX-M genes and amplicon sequencing were performed. The MICs for amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, aztreonam, cefepime, cefotaxime, ceftazidime, ceftibuten, ertapenem, imipenem, mecillinam, meropenem, piperacillin-tazobactam, and temocillin were determined with the Etest. Susceptibility was defined according to the breakpoints of the European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (EUCAST). MIC(50) and MIC(90) values were calculated. Isolates from CTX-M group 9 showed higher susceptibility to the beta-lactam antibiotics tested than isolates belonging to CTX-M group 1. More than 90% of the isolates belonging to CTX-M group 9 were susceptible to amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, ceftazidime, ceftibuten, piperacillin-tazobactam, and temocillin. The susceptibility was high to mecillinam, being 91%, regardless of the CTX-M group. All isolates were susceptible to imipenem and meropenem, and 99% to ertapenem. This study shows significant differences in susceptibility to different beta-lactam antibiotics among the CTX-M-producing E. coli isolates and a significant difference for many antibiotics tested between the CTX-M-producing groups 1 and 9. The good in vitro activity of other beta-lactam antibiotics compared to carbapenems indicate that clinical studies are warranted in order to examine the potential role of these beta-lactam antibiotics in the treatment of infections caused by multiresistant ESBL-producing E. coli.

    Ort, förlag, år, upplaga, sidor
    Springer Science Business Media, 2011
    Nationell ämneskategori
    Medicin och hälsovetenskap
    Identifikatorer
    urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-69787 (URN)10.1007/s10096-011-1183-4 (DOI)000292553500008 ()
    Tillgänglig från: 2011-08-10 Skapad: 2011-08-08 Senast uppdaterad: 2024-01-10Bibliografiskt granskad
    4. High frequency of co-resistance in CTX-M-producing Escherichia coli to non-beta-lactam antibiotics, with the exception of amikacin, nitrofurantoin, colistin, tigecycline, and fosfomycin, in a county of Sweden
    Öppna denna publikation i ny flik eller fönster >>High frequency of co-resistance in CTX-M-producing Escherichia coli to non-beta-lactam antibiotics, with the exception of amikacin, nitrofurantoin, colistin, tigecycline, and fosfomycin, in a county of Sweden
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    2013 (Engelska)Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Infectious Diseases, ISSN 0036-5548, E-ISSN 1651-1980, Vol. 45, nr 4, s. 271-278Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat) Published
    Abstract [en]

    Background: The objective of this study was to investigate the in vitro activity of different antibiotics against CTX-M-producing Escherichia coli in a county of Sweden, and to determine the occurrence of multi-resistance and plasmid- mediated quinolone resistance among these isolates. Methods: A total of 198 isolates of E. coli with extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) phenotype and mainly CTX-M genotype were studied. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) for amikacin, chloramphenicol, ciprofloxacin, colistin, fosfomycin, gentamicin, nalidixic acid, nitrofurantoin, tigecycline, tobramycin, trimethoprim, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole were determined with the Etest. Susceptibility was defined according to the breakpoints of the European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (EUCAST). MIC(50) and MIC(90) values were calculated. Results: Ninety-five percent or more of the isolates were susceptible to amikacin, nitrofurantoin, colistin, tigecycline, and fosfomycin. CTX-M group 9 was more susceptible than CTX-M group 1 to ciprofloxacin, gentamicin, and tobramycin. Sixty-eight percent of the isolates were multi-resistant, and the most common multi-resistance pattern was ESBL phenotype with decreased susceptibility to trimethoprim, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, ciprofloxacin, gentamicin, and tobramycin. Only 1 isolate carried a qnrS1 gene, but 37% carried aac(6')-Ib-cr. Conclusions: A high frequency of co-resistance between ESBL-producing E. coli and non-beta-lactam antibiotics was seen. On the other hand, very high susceptibility was seen for amikacin, nitrofurantoin, colistin, tigecycline, and fosfomycin. These data support the replacement of gentamicin and tobramycin, normally used in Sweden, with amikacin, for severe infections.

    Nyckelord
    Etest, minimum inhibitory concentration, extended-spectrum beta-lactamase
    Nationell ämneskategori
    Medicin och hälsovetenskap
    Identifikatorer
    urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-87612 (URN)10.3109/00365548.2012.734636 (DOI)000316693600005 ()23113731 (PubMedID)
    Tillgänglig från: 2013-01-19 Skapad: 2013-01-19 Senast uppdaterad: 2024-01-10
    5. Travel-associated faecal colonization with ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae: incidence and risk factors
    Öppna denna publikation i ny flik eller fönster >>Travel-associated faecal colonization with ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae: incidence and risk factors
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    2013 (Engelska)Ingår i: Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, ISSN 0305-7453, E-ISSN 1460-2091, Vol. 68, nr 9, s. 2144-2153Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat) Published
    Abstract [en]

    Objectives To study the acquisition of extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae (ESBL-PE) among the faecal flora during travel, with a focus on risk factors, antibiotic susceptibility and ESBL-encoding genes.

    Methods An observational prospective multicentre cohort study of individuals attending vaccination clinics in south-east Sweden was performed, in which the submission of faecal samples and questionnaires before and after travelling outside Scandinavia was requested. Faecal samples were screened for ESBL-PE by culturing on ChromID ESBL and an in-house method. ESBL-PE was confirmed by phenotypic and genotypic methods. Susceptibility testing was performed with the Etest. Individuals who acquired ESBL-PE during travel (travel-associated carriers) were compared with non-carriers regarding risk factors, and unadjusted and adjusted ORs after manual stepwise elimination were calculated using logistic regression.

    Results Of 262 enrolled individuals, 2.4% were colonized before travel. Among 226 evaluable participants, ESBL-PE was detected in the post-travel samples from 68 (30%) travellers. The most important risk factor in the final model was the geographic area visited: Indian subcontinent (OR 24.8, P < 0.001), Asia (OR 8.63, P < 0.001) and Africa north of the equator (OR 4.94, P  = 0.002). Age and gastrointestinal symptoms also affected the risk significantly. Multiresistance was seen in 77 (66%) of the ESBL-PE isolates, predominantly a combination of reduced susceptibility to third-generation cephalosporins, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole and aminoglycosides. The most common species and ESBL-encoding gene were Escherichia coli (90%) and CTX-M (73%), respectively.

    Conclusion Acquisition of multiresistant ESBL-PE among the faecal flora during international travel is common. The geographical area visited has the highest impact on ESBL-PE acquisition.

    Ort, förlag, år, upplaga, sidor
    Oxford University Press, 2013
    Nyckelord
    travel medicine, CTX-M, antibiotic resistance
    Nationell ämneskategori
    Medicin och hälsovetenskap
    Identifikatorer
    urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-97437 (URN)10.1093/jac/dkt167 (DOI)000323424100029 ()23674762 (PubMedID)
    Anmärkning

    Funding Agencies|Medical Research Council of Southeast Sweden|FORSS-12368FORSS-36511FORSS-87551|ALF grants, Ostergotland County Council|LIO-10885LIO-16741LIO-61341LIO-127281|

    Tillgänglig från: 2013-09-12 Skapad: 2013-09-12 Senast uppdaterad: 2024-01-10Bibliografiskt granskad
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    Extended-Spectrum ß-Lactamase-Producing Enterobacteriaceae: Antibiotic consumption, Detection and Resistance Epidemiology
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  • 76.
    Östholm Balkhed, Åse
    et al.
    Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för klinisk och experimentell medicin, Klinisk mikrobiologi. Linköpings universitet, Hälsouniversitetet. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Diagnostikcentrum, Klinisk mikrobiologi.
    Tärnberg, Maria
    Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för klinisk och experimentell medicin, Klinisk mikrobiologi. Linköpings universitet, Hälsouniversitetet.
    Monstein, Hans-Jurg
    Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för klinisk och experimentell medicin, Klinisk mikrobiologi. Linköpings universitet, Hälsouniversitetet. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Diagnostikcentrum, Klinisk mikrobiologi.
    Hällgren, Anita
    Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för klinisk och experimentell medicin, Infektionsmedicin. Linköpings universitet, Hälsouniversitetet. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Hjärt- och Medicincentrum, Infektionskliniken i Östergötland.
    Hanberger, Håkan
    Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för klinisk och experimentell medicin, Infektionsmedicin. Linköpings universitet, Hälsouniversitetet. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Hjärt- och Medicincentrum, Infektionskliniken i Östergötland.
    Nilsson, Lennart E
    Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för klinisk och experimentell medicin, Klinisk mikrobiologi. Linköpings universitet, Hälsouniversitetet.
    In vitro susceptibility of CTX-M-producing Escherichia coli to non-beta-lactam agentsManuskript (preprint) (Övrigt vetenskapligt)
    Abstract [en]

    Background: The objective of this study was to investigate the in vitro activity of different antibiotics against CTX-M-producing Escherichia coli, to determine the occurrence of multiresistance and plasmid mediated quinolone resistance among these isolates.

    Methods: A total of 198 isolates of E. coli with ESBL phenotype and mainly CTX-M genotype, were studied. The MICs for amikacin, chloramphenicol, ciprofloxacin, colistin, fosfomycin, gentamicin, nalidixic acid, nitrofurantoin, tigecycline, tobramycin, trimethoprim and trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazole were determined with the Etest. Susceptibility was defined according to the breakpoints of the European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (EUCAST). MIC(50) and MIC(90) values were calculated.

    Results: ≥95% of isolates were susceptible to amikacin, nitrofurantoin, colistin, tigecyclin, and fosfomycin. CTX-M group 9 was more susceptible than CTX-M group 1 to ciprofloxacin, gentamicin, and tobramycin. 68% of the isolates were multiresistant, and the most common multi-resistance pattern was ESBL-phenotype with decreased susceptibility to trimethoprim, trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazol, ciprofloxacin, gentamicin and  tobramycin. Only one isolate carried a qnrS1-gene, nine isolates carried aac(6’)-Ib-cr.

    Conclusions: The high frequency of multi-resistance found in this study is alarming and it is urgent to find strategies to limit the emergence and spread of these multi-resistant strains.

  • 77.
    Östholm Balkhed, Åse
    et al.
    Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för klinisk och experimentell medicin, Klinisk mikrobiologi. Linköpings universitet, Hälsouniversitetet. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Hjärt- och Medicincentrum, Infektionskliniken i Östergötland.
    Tärnberg, Maria
    Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för klinisk och experimentell medicin, Medicinsk mikrobiologi. Linköpings universitet, Hälsouniversitetet.
    Monstein, Hans-Jürg
    Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för klinisk och experimentell medicin, Klinisk mikrobiologi. Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för klinisk och experimentell medicin, Infektionsmedicin. Linköpings universitet, Hälsouniversitetet.
    Hällgren, Anita
    Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för klinisk och experimentell medicin, Infektionsmedicin. Linköpings universitet, Hälsouniversitetet. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Hjärt- och Medicincentrum, Infektionskliniken i Östergötland.
    Hanberger, Håkan
    Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för klinisk och experimentell medicin, Infektionsmedicin. Linköpings universitet, Hälsouniversitetet. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Hjärt- och Medicincentrum, Infektionskliniken i Östergötland.
    Nilsson, Lennart E.
    Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för klinisk och experimentell medicin, Klinisk mikrobiologi. Linköpings universitet, Hälsouniversitetet.
    High frequency of co-resistance in CTX-M-producing Escherichia coli to non-beta-lactam antibiotics, with the exception of amikacin, nitrofurantoin, colistin, tigecycline, and fosfomycin, in a county of Sweden2013Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Infectious Diseases, ISSN 0036-5548, E-ISSN 1651-1980, Vol. 45, nr 4, s. 271-278Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    Background: The objective of this study was to investigate the in vitro activity of different antibiotics against CTX-M-producing Escherichia coli in a county of Sweden, and to determine the occurrence of multi-resistance and plasmid- mediated quinolone resistance among these isolates. Methods: A total of 198 isolates of E. coli with extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) phenotype and mainly CTX-M genotype were studied. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) for amikacin, chloramphenicol, ciprofloxacin, colistin, fosfomycin, gentamicin, nalidixic acid, nitrofurantoin, tigecycline, tobramycin, trimethoprim, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole were determined with the Etest. Susceptibility was defined according to the breakpoints of the European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (EUCAST). MIC(50) and MIC(90) values were calculated. Results: Ninety-five percent or more of the isolates were susceptible to amikacin, nitrofurantoin, colistin, tigecycline, and fosfomycin. CTX-M group 9 was more susceptible than CTX-M group 1 to ciprofloxacin, gentamicin, and tobramycin. Sixty-eight percent of the isolates were multi-resistant, and the most common multi-resistance pattern was ESBL phenotype with decreased susceptibility to trimethoprim, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, ciprofloxacin, gentamicin, and tobramycin. Only 1 isolate carried a qnrS1 gene, but 37% carried aac(6')-Ib-cr. Conclusions: A high frequency of co-resistance between ESBL-producing E. coli and non-beta-lactam antibiotics was seen. On the other hand, very high susceptibility was seen for amikacin, nitrofurantoin, colistin, tigecycline, and fosfomycin. These data support the replacement of gentamicin and tobramycin, normally used in Sweden, with amikacin, for severe infections.

  • 78.
    Östholm Balkhed, Åse
    et al.
    Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för klinisk och experimentell medicin, Klinisk mikrobiologi. Linköpings universitet, Hälsouniversitetet. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Hjärt- och Medicincentrum, Infektionskliniken i Östergötland.
    Tärnberg, Maria
    Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för klinisk och experimentell medicin, Klinisk mikrobiologi. Linköpings universitet, Hälsouniversitetet.
    Nilsson, Maud
    Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för klinisk och experimentell medicin, Klinisk mikrobiologi. Linköpings universitet, Hälsouniversitetet.
    Johansson, Anita
    Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Diagnostikcentrum, Klinisk mikrobiologi.
    Hanberger, Håkan
    Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för klinisk och experimentell medicin, Infektionsmedicin. Linköpings universitet, Hälsouniversitetet. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Medicincentrum, Infektionskliniken i Östergötland.
    Monstein, Hans-Jurg
    Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för klinisk och experimentell medicin, Klinisk mikrobiologi. Linköpings universitet, Hälsouniversitetet. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Laboratoriemedicinskt centrum, Molekylärbiologiska tekniklaboratoriet.
    Nilsson, Lennart E
    Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för klinisk och experimentell medicin, Klinisk mikrobiologi. Linköpings universitet, Hälsouniversitetet.
    Prevalence of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae and trends in antibiotic consumption in a county of Sweden2010Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Infectious Diseases, ISSN 0036-5548, E-ISSN 1651-1980, Vol. 42, nr 11-12, s. 831-838Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    In the last decade extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing bacteria have become an increasing problem. Our aims were to investigate the prevalence of ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae and trends in antibiotic use in the county of Ostergotland, Sweden. From 2002 through 2007 there were 224 ESBL-producing Escherichia coli and 23 Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates with an ESBL-phenotype identified among all Enterobacteriaceae isolated at the clinical laboratory. Trends in antibiotic consumption expressed as defined daily doses (DDD) per 1000 inhabitants and day (DID) were studied. The prevalence of ESBL-producing isolates among Enterobacteriaceae in our region is still low (andlt; 1%). Patients with ESBL-producing E. coli increased significantly (p andlt; 0.001) from 5 in y 2002 to 47 in y 2007. CTX-M group 1 was the dominant enzyme group in both E. coli and K. pneumoniae. Antibiotic susceptibility testing of ciprofloxacin, gentamicin and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole revealed that 58% of E. coli and 50% of K. pneumoniae isolates were multi-resistant. Antibiotic use remained unchanged from 2001 through 2009, but there was a trend towards increased use of drugs with low ESBL selection potential, which was probably due to the increased prevalence of ESBL producers.

  • 79.
    Östholm Balkhed, Åse
    et al.
    Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för klinisk och experimentell medicin, Infektionsmedicin. Linköpings universitet, Hälsouniversitetet. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Hjärt- och Medicincentrum, Infektionskliniken i Östergötland.
    Tärnberg, Maria
    Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för klinisk och experimentell medicin, Klinisk mikrobiologi. Linköpings universitet, Hälsouniversitetet.
    Nilsson, Maud
    Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för klinisk och experimentell medicin, Klinisk mikrobiologi. Linköpings universitet, Hälsouniversitetet.
    Nilsson, Lennart E.
    Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för klinisk och experimentell medicin, Klinisk mikrobiologi. Linköpings universitet, Hälsouniversitetet.
    Hanberger, Håkan
    Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för klinisk och experimentell medicin, Infektionsmedicin. Linköpings universitet, Hälsouniversitetet. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Hjärt- och Medicincentrum, Infektionskliniken i Östergötland.
    Hällgren, Anita
    Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för klinisk och experimentell medicin, Infektionsmedicin. Linköpings universitet, Hälsouniversitetet. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Hjärt- och Medicincentrum, Infektionskliniken i Östergötland.
    Travel-associated faecal colonization with ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae: incidence and risk factors2013Ingår i: Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, ISSN 0305-7453, E-ISSN 1460-2091, Vol. 68, nr 9, s. 2144-2153Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    Objectives To study the acquisition of extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae (ESBL-PE) among the faecal flora during travel, with a focus on risk factors, antibiotic susceptibility and ESBL-encoding genes.

    Methods An observational prospective multicentre cohort study of individuals attending vaccination clinics in south-east Sweden was performed, in which the submission of faecal samples and questionnaires before and after travelling outside Scandinavia was requested. Faecal samples were screened for ESBL-PE by culturing on ChromID ESBL and an in-house method. ESBL-PE was confirmed by phenotypic and genotypic methods. Susceptibility testing was performed with the Etest. Individuals who acquired ESBL-PE during travel (travel-associated carriers) were compared with non-carriers regarding risk factors, and unadjusted and adjusted ORs after manual stepwise elimination were calculated using logistic regression.

    Results Of 262 enrolled individuals, 2.4% were colonized before travel. Among 226 evaluable participants, ESBL-PE was detected in the post-travel samples from 68 (30%) travellers. The most important risk factor in the final model was the geographic area visited: Indian subcontinent (OR 24.8, P < 0.001), Asia (OR 8.63, P < 0.001) and Africa north of the equator (OR 4.94, P  = 0.002). Age and gastrointestinal symptoms also affected the risk significantly. Multiresistance was seen in 77 (66%) of the ESBL-PE isolates, predominantly a combination of reduced susceptibility to third-generation cephalosporins, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole and aminoglycosides. The most common species and ESBL-encoding gene were Escherichia coli (90%) and CTX-M (73%), respectively.

    Conclusion Acquisition of multiresistant ESBL-PE among the faecal flora during international travel is common. The geographical area visited has the highest impact on ESBL-PE acquisition.

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