Background Social day centres can support active and healthy ageing amongst older people. However, little is known regarding the importance of social day centres. Aims/Objectives The aim of this study was to explore how older people visiting social day centres perceive the day centres social influence on their health and well-being. Material and methods Twenty older persons attending social day centres on a regular basis were interviewed regarding activities at the day centre and their importance for active and healthy ageing. The data were analysed using qualitative content analysis. Results The social day centres were described as arenas to provide a structure (and something to do) in the visitors everyday life. By attending a day centre, the participants created a social context with other visitors. Staff acted as facilitators for visitors, helping them to interact with other visitors and to experience the feeling of being needed by others. Conclusions The findings suggest that social day centres are important arenas for creating a sense of context and belongingness amongst older people. Significance This study provides knowledge on how doing and being contribute to healthy and active ageing.

IntroductionCollaboration and coordination of health and care services are key to catering for the diverse needs of a growing population of older people with dementia. When multidisciplinary health and care providers work together, they have the possibility to use resources in a fair, accurate and effective way and thereby do the right thing, at the right time, for the right individual. The aim of this scoping review is to map how different care-providing agencies collaborate and coordinate health and care services for older people with dementia. Methods and analysisA scoping review will be carried out following the proposed methodology by Joanna Briggs Institute and reported according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses-Scoping Review Extension guidelines. Systematic searches will be carried out in scientific databases. Studies published within the last 10 years will be included based on certain eligibility criteria. All included studies will be critically appraised using the Research Pyramid. Data from included studies will be charted and subjected to content analysis. Ethics and disseminationEthics approval is not required for scoping reviews. The dissemination of findings will be conducted through conference presentations and publication in international scientific journals.

Posterns innehåll: Under hösten 2021 genomgick samtlig personal på en geriatrisk akutvårdsavdelning utbildning inom kognitiv svikt. I denna poster redovisar vi vilken effekt utbildningen haft på personcentrerad vård, vårdmiljö samt användningen av lugnande läkemedel samt sömnmedel.

Day centers provide opportunities for older people to achieve active and healthy aging. Staff play a significant role in day centers, although evidence is lacking concerning their role. To explore the experiences of staff in promoting active and healthy aging at social day centers, interviews with 12 staff working at day centers for older people were carried out. The findings present two categories: the actions of the staff and conditions affecting activities at the day centers. Staff at day centers may play an important role in providing opportunities for older people to maintain health and participation in meaningful activities.

Background Support from significant others is important for participation in everyday life for persons with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Meanwhile, significant others also experience limitations. Aims To explore how support is expressed by persons with RA and significant others, and how support relates to participation in everyday life of persons with RA. Material and methods Sixteen persons with RA and their significant others participated in individual semi-structured interviews. The material was analyzed using dyadic analysis. Results Persons with RA and significant others reported that RA and support had become natural parts of everyday life, especially emotional support. The reciprocal dynamics of support were also expressed as imperative. Also, support from people outside of the dyads and well-functioning communication facilitated everyday life. Conclusions Significant others and the support they give are prominent factors and facilitators in everyday life of persons with RA. Concurrently, the support persons with RA provide is important, along with support from outside of the dyads. Significance The results indicate that the interaction between persons with RA and the social environment is central to gain insight into how support should be provided for optimal participation in everyday life. Significant others can preferably be more involved in the rehabilitation process.

Background: A growing population of older people will require different types of occupational therapy services in the future. For occupational therapists to provide effective services and to optimize care, their practice must rely on high-quality evidence. Research is one important pillar of evidence-based practice. Therefore, it is important to examine the research published in occupational therapy journals, which guides practitioners in their work with clients. Aim: The overall aim of this study was to review research characteristics in articles with older persons as participants, aged over 65 years, with or without illness, diseases or disabilities, reported in occupational therapy journals during the period 2013-2017. Materials and methods: Data was collected from peer-reviewed occupational therapy journals and categorized in relation to research characteristics using descriptive statistics. Results: The findings show that most articles presented basic research, using quantitative design where the sources of data were instruments. Conclusion: The findings suggest that both qualitative and quantitative articles use appropriate sample sizes. However, descriptions of the studied populations are frequently unclear, which may affect the transferability and generalization of the results.

Purpose: To describe the meaning of significant others in relation to participation in everyday life of persons with early diagnosed rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Materials and methods: Fifty-nine persons participated in this interview study. Inclusion criteria were three years experience of diagnosis and being of working age. Semi-structured interviews were conducted using critical incident technique (CIT), and the material was analysed using content analysis. Results: Four categories were revealed: (1) My early RA causes activity adaptations for us all, referring to the person and significant others modifying activities. (2) Making the significant others balance between shortfalls and participation, where the participants distinguished between needing help and feeling involved in activities. (3) Physical interactions with significant others, referring to both the problematic and manageable impact RA could have on body contact. (4) Emotions in relation to activities with others, where participants described feelings of failing others, and anxiety about future activities. Conclusions: For persons with early diagnosed RA, significant others can be both hindering and facilitating for participation in everyday life. As a clinical implication, it is valuable to identify how significant others can be involved in the rehabilitation process, to enhance participation in everyday life early in the disease process.

The service delivery process (SDP) of assistive technology devices (ATDs) is attracting interest, as theprovision of ATDs is critical for the independence and participation in society of individuals withdisabilities. The purpose of the current study was to investigate what impact the SDP has on satisfactionwith ATDs in individuals with disabilities in relation to everyday activities. A systematic literature reviewwas conducted, which resulted in 53 articles included. The results showed that there are factors inalmost all the different steps of the SDP that affect the satisfaction with of the devices, which can lead tounderutilization and abandonment of ATDs. Only a few studies have been conducted with a designrobust enough to generalize the results; therefore, more research is needed. Therefore, the conclusion isthe SDP as a whole contributes to the satisfaction with and usability of ATDs in individuals with disabilityin relation to achieving the desired goals of participation in everyday activities, for the articles includedmust be deemed as moderate. A client-centred approach in the process is advocated, and was found tobe an important factor for an effective SDP and satisfied users.

Introduction The aim of this study was to explore how women of working age who have had a mild stroke resulting in cognitive impairment experience and manage their everyday lives. Method Data were collected using semi-structured interviews. The participants consisted of 10 women of working age who had sustained cognitive impairment after a mild stroke. The interviews were analysed using qualitative content analysis. Results Three main categories appeared: The everyday is affected by the symptoms, Living strategies, and The social environment effects and changes. Participants feel insecure about their abilities and capabilities, experience anxiety and fear in relation to work, and find it hard to live up to demands and expectations. They are required to plan their daily activities in a new way and to prioritise chores that benefit the family, rather than follow their own interests and social activities. In order to cope with everyday life, they need to allocate chores to other family members. Conclusions The constant impact of fatigue and cognitive impairments affects everyday life. The women said that they had to learn to continuously manage their limitations through their experience of everyday life, something that can be facilitated with occupational therapy.

Background: Assessing occupational performance is commonly done by occupational therapists[OT] working in special housing in municipal elder care. Assessments should be relevant and evidence-based. Even so, we know little about how assessment of occupational performance is conducted in special housing.

Aim: The aim of this study was to identify OTs’ use and perceptions of different methods to assess occupational performance for elderly clients living in special housing.  

Method: An email questionnaire was sent to OTs working in special housing in Sweden. Data was analyzed using descriptive and parametric statistics.

Results: The findings, based on data from 660 respondents, showed that OTs regularly assessed occupational performance but did not use standardized assessment instruments or structured methods to any great extent. In general, OTs reported that they were not pleased with their ability to assess their clients; however, OTs with higher education and with responsibility for fewer clients were more pleased with their assessments and stated that they had more knowledge about assessment methods. Conclusion: To support OTs in using structured assessments of occupational performance in everyday practice, organization as well as structures in the work environment and educational development need to be taken into consideration.

The Nintendo Wii is a gaming console with motion-sensitive controls that is making inroads into health care and rehabilitation. However, there is still limited knowledge on how elderly people perceive the use of such a product. The aim of this study was to examine how the use of the Wii Sports Bowling in an activity group was perceived by elderly people. The data consisted of observations and interviews with participants who used Wii Sports Bowling and was analysed with content analysis. The findings are described in three themes; ‘The use of the Wii Sports game’, ‘Engagement in the game’ and ‘Social interaction around the activity’. Wii Sports Bowling was described as easier to play compared to real-life bowling and was enjoyable and a social activity. The opportunity to meet the group each week was important for the participants. Playing the game resulted in signs of immersion and a flow-like state. The Wii was perceived to be easy to use, to provide a way to socialize with peers and to give opportunities to participate in activities in a new way. More studies regarding elderly people’s experiences and apprehensions regarding new technology such as gaming consoles and virtual reality are needed.

Objective: For many groups of elderly people it is important to be active, which can be hindered by disabilities that come with age. Research has progressed in this area but mostly concerns the elderly living at home. The aim of this study was to examine how residents and staff at a nursing home described the residents everyday doings. Methods: A nursing home was selected in which 15 of the residents and six of the staff were interviewed about the residents activities during an ordinary day and week. Results: The material was analysed using qualitative content analysis in which two categories emerged: shared doings and individual doings. The shared doings were important for supporting the residents in their social and physical activities, but participation in these was often hampered by reduced functions. The individual doings, where the residents own interests can be promoted, were also hampered by their disabilities. Being able to be active and having something to do were emphasized, either continuing with previous activities or participating in shared activities at the nursing home. Conclusions: Receiving care and being forced to adjust to the context at the nursing home had a significant impact on the residents daily doings. Most of the residents needed help to be able to continue performing their activities or to find new ones. The social environment consisting of other residents and staff also influenced the residents activities.

The article explores how old people who live in their ordinary home, reason and act regarding their ‘material room’ (technical objects, such as household appliances, communication tools and things, such as furniture, personal belongings, gadgets, books, paintings, and memorabilia). The interest is in how they, as a consequence of their aging, look at acquiring new objects and phasing out older objects from the home. This is a broader approach than in most other studies of how old people relate to materiality in which attention is mostly paid either to adjustments to the physical environment or to the importance of personal possessions. In the latter cases, the focus is on downsizing processes (e.g. household disbandment or casser maison) in connection with a move to smaller accommodation or to a nursing home. The article is based on a study in which thirteen older people (median age 87), living in a Swedish town of medium size were interviewed (2012) for a third time. The questions concerned the need and desire for new objects, replacement of broken objects, sorting out the home or elsewhere, most cherished possessions, and the role of family members such as children and grandchildren. The results reveal the complexity of how one handles the material room. Most evident is the participants' reluctance to acquire new objects or even to replace broken things. Nearly all of them had considered, but few had started, a process of sorting out objects. These standpoints in combination resulted in a relatively intact material room, which was motivated by an ambition to simplify daily life or to facilitate the approaching dissolution of the home. Some objects of special value and other cherished objects materialized the connections between generations within a family. Some participants wanted to spare their children the burden of having to decide on what to do with their possessions. Others (mostly men), on the contrary, relied on their children to do the sorting out after they had died.

Syftet med projektet Bo vital var att det skulle leda till ökad kännedom om − och ökat nyttjande av – kvarboendefrämjande teknikstöd hos kommuninvånare som är 80 år och äldre, samt deras anhöriga. Därtill skulle fastighetsägare inom kommunen bli mer medvetna om möjligheterna och också i ökad utsträckning erbjuda kvarboendefrämjande produkter och anpassningsåtgärder.

Slutsatsen är att medvetenheten om teknikstöd ökat även om detta inte har kunnat visas i reella mätningar. Fakta som att visningsmiljön under perioden haft ca 1600 besökare, anordnade mässor har varit välbesökta och att många har visat intresse för projektet tyder dock på ökad kännedom om kvarboendefrämjande teknikstöd. Den viktigaste lärdomen som de pensionärer som deltagit i en av arbetsgrupperna angav var att de har fått ökad kunskap kring teknik för äldre och tekniska hjälpmedel. De betonade även hur viktigt det är att informera om detta och samtidigt att det är svårt att nå ut.

En visningsmiljö i form av en lägenhet utrustad med möbler och en rad olika teknikstöd, tekniska innovationer och lösningar har byggts upp i  bostadsområdet Ljura i Norrköping. En utvärdering av tre utvalda produkter/teknikstöd från visningsmiljön har genomförts för att få reda på äldre personers uppfattningar om dessa teknikstöd. Resultatet visade att produkternas dimensioner överlag uppfattas som positiva. Aspekterna trygghet/säkerhet och användarvänlighet framkom som speciellt betydelsefulla för teknik som ska tilltala och användas av äldre.För att utvärdera om de boende upplevde ökad tillgänglighet i samband med en generell anpassning av två entréer i ett flerbostadshus har en före-efter mätning i form av en enkät distribuerats till alla hushållen i fastigheten. Vid eftermätningen anges färre problem med entréer och närliggande områden och fler skattar att tillgängligheten är utmärkt jämfört med innan anpassningen. De som besvarat enkäten anger att det blivit lättare att ta sig in och ut ur fastigheten vid de åtgärdade ingångarna jämfört med tidigare.

The article examines old people‟s interaction with everyday technology from a life course perspective. The purpose is to contribute to a better understanding of the relationship between changes in the physical environment and old people‟s doings.

The empirical base is interviews with 29 individuals, born between 1912 and 1940. In the analysis we introduce some concepts inspired by technology studies: technology landscape, technology room, standard package and defining objects.

The analysis is concentrated on three phases of the life course: living in the parental home, living as a married person with a family, and living as a senior-citizen. We explore how the participants lived, what technological objects their household possessed and used, and how new technology was appropriated. In the last phase we additionally investigate which technical objects have become of less importance and what expectations they have for future use of technology. The analysis shows that the participants‟ technology rooms were similar from the parental home period to the end of the family period. In the senior citizen period, differences in possession of defining objects can be found between persons -85 and 85+. At higher ages an „ageing turn‟ exists as age itself becomes the reason not to acquire new artefacts. Decisions on how the technology room should be used and valued are shaped by the individual‟s techno-biography, needs, capabilities and future life expectations.

The purpose of this article is to explore how a group of elderly people, living and managing on their own, describe and experience their everyday doings. Interviews and observations were conducted with 18 community-living people aged 85 and above. The experiences of 'Doing everyday life' are described in five overarching themes: 'Experiencing being old', 'Doings in everyday life', 'Patterns of the day', 'Altered doings', and 'The importance of time'. What is done during an ordinary day does not differ much from earlier in life, but how the doings are performed has changed. Being occupied and staying healthy and sound in mind was stressed as important in old age and even if reduced energy and functional constraints limited the doings, a strong volition to manage independently was expressed. The participants perceived society as regarding the elderly as useless and worthless. Knowledge emanating from the very old themselves is vital to diversify the image of elderly people and to offer interventions and support adapted to their needs and desires.

The general aim of the present thesis is to expand knowledge about the everyday lives of the oldest old (85+) living independently and to improve and deepen the understanding of their doings and possession and use of technology. The everyday lives of the oldest old represent, in many aspects an under-researched area, partly because this age group is seldom included in national surveys regarding living conditions and time use.

This thesis comprises four papers. In paper I the extent and direction of research regarding elderly people is investigated through an examination of articles published in six well-reputed and well-established occupational therapy journals. Fifteen percent of the articles published between 2001 and 2006 included elderly people to some extent. Only five articles were about the oldest old. Most articles had a quantitative approach and concerned instrument development and testing. The findings show that articles concerning the oldest old are sparse, especially regarding their subjective experience. The following three papers are based on data derived from an empirical project based on interviews and observations with 18 oldest old individuals. Paper II explores how individuals over 85 years of age themselves describe and experience daily life. „Doing everyday life‟ is described through five overarching themes: „Experiencing being old‟, „Doings in everyday life‟, „Patterns of the day‟, „Altered doings‟ and „The importance of time‟. The daily doings are described as consisting of the usual things that have always been done, although how the doings are performed have changed. To do something is stressed as important for well-being, and a strong motivation to manage everyday doings on one‟s own is expressed. Paper III explores and describes the experiences and relations to technology in everyday doings of the oldest old as they themselves describe it. Four categories; „Perception of technology‟, „Technology holdings‟, „Handling technology‟ and „Compensatory technology in old age‟ emerged from the material. Technology needs to be integrated into the daily routines for it to be used. A modest and pragmatic attitude towards technology stands out, showing a discrepancy with public policy, which implies that technology will enhance independence and participation for elderly people. In paper IV, data from a younger group (-85) is included to describe, compare and discuss how elderly people belonging to different age cohorts (-85 and 85+) relate to their physical environment, primarily technological objects used in the home, and to examine how this is influenced by experiences and possession of technology over the life course. Possession and use of technological objects are similar for both groups over the life course from the parental home through the family time, although in the senior citizen time differences in technology possession and use appear. At higher ages the chronological age becomes a factor in deciding about upgrading or downsizing of the technology room; this is described as an „aging turn‟.

The conclusions drawn are that to continue and perform the everyday doings as one has always done is important in old age. At high ages downsizing of the technology rooms is an important issue and new technological objects need to be incorporated in everyday doings in order to be used and perceived as beneficial.

I denna artikel tar vi fasta på ålderns och livshistorians betydelse för individens förhållande till vardagstekniken. Den som har levt länge har byggt upp sitt teknikrum under lång tid och förvärvat vanor, erfarenheter och intressen som ger en "teknikstil". En "gammal" person gör matchningen mellan det befintliga och det nya med andra förtecken än en ung eller medelålders.28 Just den matchningen intresserar oss särskilt här. Vi koncentrerar oss därför på hur äldre förändrar sitt teknikrum genom att släppa in nya tekniska objekt och omvänt utsorterar sådant som man inte längre tycker att man behöver.

This article elucidates how old people apprehend the technology they use and meet in their everyday life. Eighteen individuals, all being among the oldest old, have been interviewed. Their experiences of, possession, use and attitude towards technology are highlighted. The findings can be separated into four categories: "Perceptions of technology‟, "Technology holdings‟, "Handling technology‟ and "Compensatory technology in old age‟. In public policy the importance of technology for independence and participation is emphasized. It is commonly argued that technology advances would benefit older people. This is not supported by the attitude towards technology the participants in this study express. The result underlines that technology must be experienced as beneficial to be appropriated into the daily doings. The perspective of old people themselves has to be addressed in order to understand which technological solutions they will find helpful, rather than stigmatizing or too complicated.

The aim of this article is to review research presented in occupational therapy journals with the elderly as respondents. With an increasing number of elderly people in society research including the elderly should play a vital role within occupational therapy especially since emphasis on subjective experience is an important factor in the core constructs of occupation. Through a review of six occupational therapy journals, covering the period 2001--2006, it was discovered that 15% of the total number of articles included the elderly as respondents. The published articles with the elderly as respondents were mainly quantitative with the most frequent subject being instrument developing and testing. Most studies had a population group of mixed ages, making it hard to draw conclusions concerning the elderly population. The conclusion is that more research of a qualitative nature reflecting the subjective perspectives of the elderly is needed, especially regarding the oldest age group since this is the fastest growing and there is still limited knowledge regarding their perspective on matters concerning their everyday lives and their doings. Technological developments are implied to benefit elderly people but more research and discussion is needed on how this will affect both the elderly and occupational therapy theory and practice.

 Background: There is a fundamental lack of empirical knowledge about how older people use and value technical artefacts and how new technology influence their space of action. Normally the focus is on the impacts and acceptance of a specific new artefact or technology system. By widen the perspective from the particular to the wholeness of the technology landscape we may contribute to a better understanding of how artefacts and systems can strengthen or undermine older people-s activities, participation and independence. We report results from two studies conducted in Norrköping, 2004-2006. We have observed older persons- technology landscape, i.e. their use of tools, devices and technical systems that are available in their environments. The analytical perspective is on the functions and meanings of different artefacts as the elderly themselves assess and comprehend them and on how technology influences their doings (power to act) and future plans (space of actions). Methods: Both studies are qualitative and based on repeated interviews and observations with a group of elderly. Study A: 12 persons, age 67-83, retired but taking part in a variety of activities. Study B: 18 persons, age 85 - 93, all living independently in their own home. Results: The hypothesis that a person-s attitudes, when old, towards technology are a reflection of experiences during his or her life course is supported. The dominant attitude towards new technology is pragmatic. The main criteria when evaluating new artefacts is what functional need it can fulfil. An important such need is security, e.g. the possibility to get assistance if something unexpected happens during the day. There are generation or age related differences between the two groups, e.g. towards the use of a mobile phone or the Internet. The majority in both groups lacks knowledge of how to handle and understand new artefacts. For some this is compensated by support from children and grandchildren. Another argument against new technology is that it is time-consuming. Conclusion: Older persons are well aware that new technology that may affect their daily life is spreading; they hear and talk about it but await actions until necessary. Our preliminary results emphasize the complexity of the domesticating process which seems to be particularly problematic for an old person. However, our studies consist of a small number of respondents with similar living conditions (i.e. working class background) so empirical research in other social groups is needed.

The purpose of the study was to investigate the value of computer-assisted activities for four individuals with brain damage. Individuals were trained in cognitive functions in their homes to compensate for cognitive impairment, assisted in work activities and helped in leisure time occupations. The four people received individually adapted computers and peripheral equipment, and the environment was changed to accommodate their needs. Each person received guidance and instruction from an occupational therapist once or twice a week for 12–18 weeks. The goals for each person were achieved according to evaluation with Goal Attainment Scaling.

The outcome of a discharge planning procedure at a geriatric rehabilitation ward was studied with an interdisciplinary and multidimensional approach, where medical, nursing, functional and psychosocial factors were included. The patient's own expectations and attitude to functional performance and outcome were explored in an interview at the day of discharge and one month later in a follow-up telephone interview. Data were also collected from registers and medical and professional records. All the 36 patients discharged to their own homes, mostly after home assessment, or to old people's homes were followed up. The median rehabilitation stay was 30 days. Their medical status was stable over time and nursing interventions remained frequent. The functional level was unchanged for 18, and further enhanced for 10 patients. Most patients felt secure at home and received the home help they anticipated. Worries were expressed by one-third on realistic grounds, mainly medical or ideas on the accommodation. Some interventions were required and carried out by the team. Home living was as expected or better for two-thirds of the patients. The timing and the patient's situation at discharge seemed to have been well assessed, with an overall positive outcome after a month at home. Further development of practical multidimensional evaluations adapted to elderly patients is necessary in a quality assurance perspective.