liu.seSearch for publications in DiVA
Change search
Refine search result
1234 1 - 50 of 190
CiteExportLink to result list
Permanent link
Cite
Citation style
  • apa
  • ieee
  • modern-language-association-8th-edition
  • vancouver
  • oxford
  • Other style
More styles
Language
  • de-DE
  • en-GB
  • en-US
  • fi-FI
  • nn-NO
  • nn-NB
  • sv-SE
  • Other locale
More languages
Output format
  • html
  • text
  • asciidoc
  • rtf
Rows per page
  • 5
  • 10
  • 20
  • 50
  • 100
  • 250
Sort
  • Standard (Relevance)
  • Author A-Ö
  • Author Ö-A
  • Title A-Ö
  • Title Ö-A
  • Publication type A-Ö
  • Publication type Ö-A
  • Issued (Oldest first)
  • Issued (Newest first)
  • Created (Oldest first)
  • Created (Newest first)
  • Last updated (Oldest first)
  • Last updated (Newest first)
  • Disputation date (earliest first)
  • Disputation date (latest first)
  • Standard (Relevance)
  • Author A-Ö
  • Author Ö-A
  • Title A-Ö
  • Title Ö-A
  • Publication type A-Ö
  • Publication type Ö-A
  • Issued (Oldest first)
  • Issued (Newest first)
  • Created (Oldest first)
  • Created (Newest first)
  • Last updated (Oldest first)
  • Last updated (Newest first)
  • Disputation date (earliest first)
  • Disputation date (latest first)
Select
The maximal number of hits you can export is 250. When you want to export more records please use the Create feeds function.
  • 1.
    Xiang, Jiale
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Electronic and photonic materials. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Englund, Sven
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Electronic and photonic materials. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Genene, Zewdneh
    Chalmers Univ Technol, Sweden.
    Wen, Guanzhao
    Guangzhou Univ, Peoples R China.
    Liu, Yanfeng
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Electronic and photonic materials. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering. Jiaxing Univ, Peoples R China.
    Yao, Nannan
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Electronic and photonic materials. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering. Zhejiang Univ, Peoples R China.
    Zhang, Rui
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Electronic and photonic materials. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Qin, Leiqiang
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Materials design. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Wang, Lei
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Electronic and photonic materials. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Wang, Ergang
    Chalmers Univ Technol, Sweden.
    Zhang, Wei
    Guangzhou Univ, Peoples R China.
    Zhang, Fengling
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Electronic and photonic materials. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    In situ monitoring drying process to disclose the correlation between the molecular weights of a polymer acceptor with a flexible spacer and the performance of all-polymer solar cells2024In: Journal of Materials Chemistry C, ISSN 2050-7526, E-ISSN 2050-7534Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Molecular weight (M-n) and conjugation of polymers can profoundly influence the performance of all-polymer solar cells (all-PSCs) via nanostructures of bulk heterojunctions (BHJs). To study the correlation between M-n and the performance of all-PSCs based on an acceptor with a flexible conjugation-break spacer (FCBS), three batches of acceptors, named PYTS, were synthesized with different number-average M-n from 9, 13 to 19 kDa. Blends with a polymer donor PBDB-T, the all-PSCs based on PYTS with M-n of 9 kDa and 19 kDa, exhibit power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of 5.99% and 9.43%, respectively, primarily due to the increased short-circuit current density (J(sc)) from 13.02 to 18.73 mA cm(-2). To disclose the impact of M-n on device performance, dynamics of mixed PBDB-T:PYTS solutions to solid BHJs is studied by monitoring the drying process with home-made in situ multifunctional spectroscopy, which demonstrates that PYTS with M-n of 19 kDa has a longer drying time than the PYTS with M-n of 9 kDa. Prolonged drying of the BHJs with higher M-n PYTS facilitates more tightly packed structures with higher crystallinity. A systematic investigation on the nanostructures of BHJs, charge generation, transport and recombination is carried out with grazing-incidence wide-angle X-ray scattering (GIWAXS), transient absorption spectroscopy (TAS) and characterization of all-PSCs. The results indicate that increased crystallinity in the BHJs benefits exciton dissociation, electron transport, prolonged carrier lifetimes, and decreased non-geminate recombination rate constants in the corresponding devices. Combining the in situ study of drying and the investigation on films and devices provides us a comprehensive understanding of the interplay between M-n, the drying process, the nanostructures of BHJs and device performance. This work not only emphasizes the essential role of M-n in governing the device performance, but also exhibits recorded film formation through the in situ spectroscopy, enabling us to manipulate the nanostructure of BHJs by optimizing M-n of polymers and processing parameters.

  • 2.
    Qin, Leiqiang
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Materials design. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering. Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Thin Film Physics.
    Jiang, Jianxia
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Thin Film Physics. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering. Jiangxi Sci & Technol Normal Univ, Peoples R China.
    Hou, Lintao
    Jinan Univ, Peoples R China.
    Zhang, Fengling
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Electronic and photonic materials. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Rosén, Johanna
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Materials design. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Thick Electrodes of a Self-Assembled MXene Hydrogel Composite for High-Rate Energy Storage2024In: Energy & Environmental Materials, E-ISSN 2575-0356, Vol. 7, no 4, article id e12653Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Supercapacitors based on two-dimensional MXene (Ti3C2Tz) have shown extraordinary performance in ultrathin electrodes with low mass loading, but usually there is a significant reduction in high-rate performance as the thickness increases, caused by increasing ion diffusion limitation. Further limitations include restacking of the nanosheets, which makes it challenging to realize the full potential of these electrode materials. Herein, we demonstrate the design of a vertically aligned MXene hydrogel composite, achieved by thermal-assisted self-assembled gelation, for high-rate energy storage. The highly interconnected MXene network in the hydrogel architecture provides very good electron transport properties, and its vertical ion channel structure facilitates rapid ion transport. The resulting hydrogel electrode show excellent performance in both aqueous and organic electrolytes with respect to high capacitance, stability, and high-rate capability for up to 300 mu m thick electrodes, which represents a significant step toward practical applications.

    Download full text (pdf)
    fulltext
  • 3.
    Yao, Nannan
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Electronic and photonic materials. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Fan, Qunping
    Chalmers Univ Technol, Sweden.
    Genene, Zewdneh
    Chalmers Univ Technol, Sweden.
    Liu, Heng
    Chinese Univ Hong Kong, Peoples R China.
    Xia, Yuxin
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Electronic and photonic materials. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Wen, Guanzhao
    Guangzhou Univ, Peoples R China.
    Yuan, Yusheng
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Electronic and photonic materials. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Moons, Ellen
    Karlstad Univ, Sweden.
    van Stam, Jan
    Karlstad Univ, Sweden.
    Zhang, Wei
    Guangzhou Univ, Peoples R China.
    Lu, Xinhui
    Chinese Univ Hong Kong, Peoples R China.
    Wang, Ergang
    Chalmers Univ Technol, Sweden.
    Zhang, Fengling
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Electronic and photonic materials. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    In Situ Study the Dynamics of Blade-Coated All-Polymer Bulk Heterojunction Formation and Impact on Photovoltaic Performance of Solar Cells2023In: Solar RRL, E-ISSN 2367-198X, Vol. 7, no 6, article id 2201134Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    All-polymer solar cells (all-PSCs) have achieved impressive progress by employing acceptors polymerized from well performing small-molecule non-fullerene acceptors. Herein, the device performance and morphology evolution in blade-coated all-PSCs based on PBDBT:PF5-Y5 blends prepared from two different solvents, chlorobenzene (CB), and ortho-xylene (o-XY) are studied. The absorption spectra in CB solution indicate more ordered conformation for PF5-Y5. The drying process of PBDBT:PF5-Y5 blends is monitored by in situ multifunctional spectroscopy and the final film morphology is characterized with ex situ techniques. Finer-mixed donor/acceptor nanostructures are obtained in CB-cast film than that in o-XY-cast ones, corresponding to more efficient charge generation in the solar cells. More importantly, the conformation of polymers in solution determines the overall film morphology and the device performance. The relatively more ordered structure in CB-cast films is beneficial for charge transport and reduced non-radiative energy loss. Therefore, to achieve high-performance all-PSCs with small energy loss, it is crucial to gain favorable aggregation in the initial stage in solution.

    Download full text (pdf)
    fulltext
  • 4.
    Xia, Xinxin
    et al.
    Chinese Univ Hong Kong, Peoples R China.
    Mei, Le
    City Univ Hong Kong, Peoples R China.
    He, Chengliang
    Zhejiang Univ, Peoples R China.
    Chen, Zeng
    Zhejiang Univ, Peoples R China.
    Yao, Nannan
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Electronic and photonic materials. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Qin, Minchao
    Chinese Univ Hong Kong, Peoples R China.
    Sun, Rui
    Wuhan Univ, Peoples R China.
    Zhang, Zhenzhen
    Chinese Acad Sci, Peoples R China.
    Pan, Yuyu
    City Univ Hong Kong, Peoples R China.
    Xiao, Yiqun
    Chinese Univ Hong Kong, Peoples R China.
    Lin, Yuze
    Chinese Acad Sci, Peoples R China.
    Min, Jie
    Wuhan Univ, Peoples R China.
    Zhang, Fengling
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Electronic and photonic materials. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Zhu, Haiming
    Zhejiang Univ, Peoples R China.
    Bredas, Jean-Luc
    Univ Arizona, AZ 85721 USA.
    Chen, Hongzheng
    Zhejiang Univ, Peoples R China.
    Chen, Xian-Kai
    City Univ Hong Kong, Peoples R China.
    Lu, Xinhui
    Chinese Univ Hong Kong, Peoples R China.
    Revealing the crystalline packing structure of Y6 in the active layer of organic solar cells: the critical role of solvent additives2023In: Journal of Materials Chemistry A, ISSN 2050-7488, E-ISSN 2050-7496, Vol. 11, no 40, p. 21895-21907Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The bulk heterojunction (BHJ) morphology of photovoltaic materials is crucial to the fundamental optoelectronic properties of organic solar cells (OSCs). However, in the photoactive layer, the intrinsic crystalline packing structure of Y6, currently the hallmark molecule among Y-series non-fullerene acceptors (NFAs), has not been unambiguously determined. Here, employing grazing-incidence wide-angle X-ray scattering (GIWAXS), we managed to uncover the intrinsic crystalline packing structure of Y6 in the BHJ active layer of OSCs, which is found to be different from its single-crystal structure reported previously. Moreover, we find that solvent additive 1-chloronaphthalene (CN) can induce highly ordered packing of Y6 in BHJ thin films. With the help of atomistic molecular dynamics simulations, it is revealed that pi-pi interactions generally exist between naphthalene derivatives and IC terminals of Y6 analogues, which would essentially improve their long-range ordering. Our work reveals the intrinsic crystalline packing structure of Y6 in the BHJ active layer as well as its crystallization mechanism in thin films, thus providing direct correlations between this crystalline packing and the device characteristics and photophysical properties.

  • 5.
    Liu, Yanfeng
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Electronic and photonic materials. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering. Jiaxing Univ, Peoples R China.
    Fan, Qunping
    Chalmers Univ Technol, Sweden; Xi An Jiao Tong Univ, Peoples R China.
    Liu, Heng
    Chinese Univ Hong Kong, Peoples R China.
    Jalan, Ishita
    Karlstad Univ, Sweden.
    Jin, Yingzhi
    Jiaxing Univ, Peoples R China.
    van Stam, Jan
    Karlstad Univ, Sweden.
    Moons, Ellen
    Karlstad Univ, Sweden.
    Wang, Ergang
    Chalmers Univ Technol, Sweden.
    Lu, Xinhui
    Chinese Univ Hong Kong, Peoples R China.
    Zhang, Fengling
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Electronic and photonic materials. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Inganäs, Olle
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Electronic and photonic materials. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    In Situ Optical Spectroscopy Demonstrates the Effect of Solvent Additive in the Formation of All-Polymer Solar Cells2022In: The Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters, E-ISSN 1948-7185, Vol. 13, no 50, p. 11696-11702Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    1-Chloronaphthalene (CN) has been a common solvent additive in both fullerene-and nonfullerene-based organic solar cells. In spite of this, its working mechanism is seldom investigated, in particular, during the drying process of bulk heterojunctions composed of a donor:acceptor mixture. In this work, the role of CN in all-polymer solar cells is investigated by in situ spectroscopies and ex situ characterization of blade-coated PBDB-T:PF5-Y5 blends. Our results suggest that the added CN promotes self-aggregation of polymer donor PBDB-T during the drying process of the blend film, resulting in enhanced crystallinity and hole mobility, which contribute to the increased fill factor and improved performance of PBDB-T:PF5-Y5 solar cells. Besides, the nonradiative energy loss of the corresponding device is also reduced by the addition of CN, corresponding to a slightly increased open-circuit voltage. Overall, our observations deepen our understanding of the drying dynamics, which may guide further development of all-polymer solar cells.

    Download full text (pdf)
    fulltext
  • 6.
    Li, Yaokai
    et al.
    Zhejiang Univ, Peoples R China.
    Guo, Yuan
    Qilu Univ Technol, Peoples R China.
    Chen, Zeng
    Zhejiang Univ, Peoples R China.
    Zhan, Lingling
    Zhejiang Univ, Peoples R China.
    He, Chengliang
    Zhejiang Univ, Peoples R China.
    Bi, Zhaozhao
    Xi An Jiao Tong Univ, Peoples R China.
    Yao, Nannan
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Electronic and photonic materials. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Li, Shuixing
    Zhejiang Univ, Peoples R China.
    Zhou, Guanqing
    Zhejiang Univ, Peoples R China.
    Yi, Yuanping
    Chinese Acad Sci, Peoples R China.
    Yang, Yang (Michael)
    Zhejiang Univ, Peoples R China.
    Zhu, Haiming
    Zhejiang Univ, Peoples R China.
    Ma, Wei
    Xi An Jiao Tong Univ, Peoples R China.
    Gao, Feng
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Electronic and photonic materials. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Zhang, Fengling
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Electronic and photonic materials. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Zuo, Lijian
    Zhejiang Univ, Peoples R China; Zhejiang Univ Hangzhou Global Sci & Technol Innov, Peoples R China.
    Chen, Hongzheng
    Zhejiang Univ, Peoples R China.
    Mechanism study on organic ternary photovoltaics with 18.3% certified efficiency: from molecule to device2022In: Energy & Environmental Science, ISSN 1754-5692, E-ISSN 1754-5706, Vol. 15, no 2, p. 855-865Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Multi-component organic photovoltaics (OPVs), e.g., ternary blends, are effective for high performance, while the fundamental understanding from the molecular to device level is lacking. To address this issue, we here systematically study the working mechanism of ternary OPVs based on non-fullerene acceptors (NFAs). With both molecular dynamics simulations and morphology characterization, we identify that when adding another larger band gap and highly miscible NFA, namely IT-4F or BTP-S2, into the PBDB-TF:BTP-eC9 blend, the NFAs undergo molecular intermixing selectively with BTP-eC9. This causes the composition-dependent band gap and charge recombination, and hence the composition-dependent V-OC. While the charge recombination still dominantly occurs at the PBDB-TF:BTP-eC9 interface, BTP-S2 or IT-4F plays an auxiliary role in facilitating charge transfer and suppressing non-radiative decay. Interestingly, intermolecular end-group packing in the intermixed blend is improved compared to that in pristine films, leading to higher carrier mobility. These synergistic effects significantly improve the power conversion efficiency of the device to an outstanding value of 18.7% (certified value of 18.3%).

  • 7.
    Qin, Leiqiang
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Materials design. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering. Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Thin Film Physics.
    Jiang, Jianxia
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Thin Film Physics. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering. Jiangxi Sci & Technol Normal Univ, Peoples R China.
    Hou, Lintao
    Jinan Univ, Peoples R China.
    Zhang, Fengling
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Electronic and photonic materials. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Rosén, Johanna
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Materials design. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    MXene-based multifunctional smart fibers for wearable and portable electronics2022In: Journal of Materials Chemistry A, ISSN 2050-7488, E-ISSN 2050-7496, Vol. 10, no 23, p. 12544-12550Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Fiber type devices are promising for applications in wearable and portable electronics. However, scalable fabrication of fiber electrodes with multifunctional performance for use in distinct fields remains challenging. Herein, high performance smart fibers based on Mo1.33C i-MXene nanosheets and poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):polystyrene sulfonate hybrid paste are fabricated with an easily scalable spinning approach. The hybrid fibers produced by this method can be applied in both high-performance supercapacitors and electrochemical transistors (ECTs). When assembled into a fiber type asymmetric supercapacitor with reduced graphene oxide (rGO) fiber, a capacitance of 105 F g(-1) and an energy density of 37 mW h g(-1) were reached for a potential window of 1.6 V. The hybrid fiber based ECT shows high transconductance and fast response time. This work demonstrates the potential of i-MXene-based fiber electrodes for multifunctional applications, to aid in the development of the next-generation, high-performance wearable electronic devices.

  • 8.
    Yao, Nannan
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Electronic and photonic materials. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Wang, Jianqiu
    Beihang Univ, Peoples R China.
    Chen, Zeng
    Zhejiang Univ, Peoples R China.
    Bian, Bian
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Electronic and photonic materials. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Xia, Yuxin
    Hasselt Univ, Belgium.
    Zhang, Rui
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Electronic and photonic materials. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Zhang, Jianqi
    Natl Ctr Nanosci & Technol, Peoples R China.
    Qin, Leiqiang
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Thin Film Physics. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Zhu, Haiming
    Zhejiang Univ, Peoples R China.
    Zhang, Yuan
    Beihang Univ, Peoples R China.
    Zhang, Fengling
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Electronic and photonic materials. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Efficient Charge Transport Enables High Efficiency in Dilute Donor Organic Solar Cells2021In: The Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters, E-ISSN 1948-7185, Vol. 12, no 20, p. 5039-5044Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The donor/acceptor weight ratio is crucial for photovoltaic performance of organic solar cells (OSCs). Here, we systematically investigate the photovoltaic behaviors of PM6:Y6 solar cells with different stoichiometries. It is found that the photovoltaic performance is tolerant to PM6 contents ranging from 10 to 60 wt %. Especially an impressive efficiency over 10% has been achieved in dilute donor solar cells with 10 wt % PM6 enabled by efficient charge generation, electron/ hole transport, slow charge recombination, and field-insensitive extraction. This raises the question about the origin of efficient hole transport in such dilute donor structure. By investigating hole mobilities of PM6 diluted in Y6 and insulators, we find that effective hole transport pathway is mainly through PM6 phase in PM6:Y6 blends despite with low PM6 content. The results indicate that a low fraction of polymer donors combines with near-infrared nonfullerene acceptors could achieve high photovoltaic performance, which might be a candidate for semitransparent windows.

    Download full text (pdf)
    fulltext
  • 9.
    Liu, Yanfeng
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Electronic and photonic materials. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Yangui, Aymen
    Lund Univ, Sweden.
    Zhang, Rui
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Electronic and photonic materials. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Kiligaridis, Alexander
    Lund Univ, Sweden.
    Moons, Ellen
    Karlstad Univ, Sweden.
    Gao, Feng
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Electronic and photonic materials. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Inganäs, Olle
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Electronic and photonic materials. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Scheblykin, Ivan G.
    Lund Univ, Sweden.
    Zhang, Fengling
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Electronic and photonic materials. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    In Situ Optical Studies on Morphology Formation in Organic Photovoltaic Blends2021In: Small Methods, E-ISSN 2366-9608, Vol. 5, no 10, article id 2100585Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The efficiency of bulk heterojunction (BHJ) based organic solar cells is highly dependent on the morphology of the blend film, which is a result of a fine interplay between donor, acceptor, and solvent during the film drying. In this work, a versatile set-up of in situ spectroscopies is used to follow the morphology evolution during blade coating of three iconic BHJ systems, including polymer:fullerene, polymer:nonfullerene small molecule, and polymer:polymer. the drying and photoluminescence quenching dynamics are systematically study during the film formation of both pristine and BHJ films, which indicate that the component with higher molecular weight dominates the blend film formation and the final morphology. Furthermore, Time-resolved photoluminescence, which is employed for the first time as an in situ method for such drying studies, allows to quantitatively determine the extent of dynamic and static quenching, as well as the relative change of quantum yield during film formation. This work contributes to a fundamental understanding of microstructure formation during the processing of different blend films. The presented setup is considered to be an important tool for the future development of blend inks for solution-cast organic or hybrid electronics.

    Download full text (pdf)
    fulltext
  • 10.
    Du, Siying
    et al.
    Hunan Univ Sci & Technol, Peoples R China.
    Yao, Nannan
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Electronic and photonic materials. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Liu, Shungang
    Hunan Univ Sci & Technol, Peoples R China.
    Xu, Yongzhuo
    Hunan Univ Sci & Technol, Peoples R China.
    Cao, Jiamin
    Hunan Univ Sci & Technol, Peoples R China; Chalmers Univ Technol, Sweden.
    Zhuang, Wenliu
    Chalmers Univ Technol, Sweden; Guangdong Ind Polytech, Peoples R China.
    Yu, Junting
    Hunan Univ Sci & Technol, Peoples R China.
    Wang, Nong
    Chalmers Univ Technol, Sweden; Lanzhou Jiaotong Univ, Peoples R China.
    Yu, Donghong
    Changsha Univ Sci & Technol, Peoples R China; Changsha Univ Sci & Technol, Peoples R China; Aalborg Univ, Denmark.
    Zhang, Fengling
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Electronic and photonic materials. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Wang, Ergang
    Chalmers Univ Technol, Sweden; Zhengzhou Univ, Peoples R China.
    Nonfullerene acceptors from thieno[3,2-b]thiophene-fused naphthalene donor core with six-member-ring connection for efficient organic solar cells2021In: Dyes and pigments, ISSN 0143-7208, E-ISSN 1873-3743, Vol. 185, article id 108892Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Comprehensive design ideas on the fused-ring donor-core in state-of-the-art acceptor-donor-acceptor (A-D-A) nonfullerene acceptors (NFAs) are still of great importance for regulating the electron push-pull effect for the sake of optimal light-harvesting, frontier molecular orbital levels, and finally their photovoltaic properties. Herein, thieno[3,2-b]thiophenes were fused in bay-area of naphthalene via six-member-ring connection, resulting in the formation of dihydropyrenobisthieno[3,2-b]thiophene based octacyclic ladder-type donor core, which was flanked by two 1,1-dicyanomethylene-3-indanone (IC) acceptor motifs with and without 5,6-diflourination, namely PTT-IC and PTT-2FIC, respectively, as novel efficient A-D-A fused-ring electron acceptors (FREAs). Compared with PTT-IC, fluorinated PTT-2FIC possesses narrower optical bandgap of 1.48 eV, better pi-pi stacking, and its PBDB-T:PTT-2FIC blend film exhibited better morphology, and better hole and electron mobility. As a result, nonfullerene solar cells using PBDB-T:PTT-2FIC as the active layer achieved a decent PCE of 10.40%, with an open-circuit voltage (V-OC) of 0.87 V, a fill factor (FF) of 0.65, and a much higher short-circuit current (J(SC)) of 18.26 mA/cm(2). Meanwhile, the PBDB-T:PTT-IC cells delivered a lower J(SC) of 12.58 mA/cm(2) but a higher V-OC of 0.99 V, thus resulting in a PCE of 7.39% due to its wider optical bandgap of 1.58 eV and higher LUMO energy level. These results demonstrated that NFAs based on fused-ring donor core from fusing thieno [3,2-b]thiophenes with naphthalene via six-member-ring connection are promising for organic photovoltaic applications.

    Download full text (pdf)
    fulltext
  • 11.
    Yao, Nannan
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Electronic and photonic materials. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Xia, Yuxin
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Electronic and photonic materials. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Liu, Yanfeng
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Electronic and photonic materials. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Chen, Shangzhi
    Linköping University, Department of Science and Technology, Laboratory of Organic Electronics. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Jonsson, Magnus
    Linköping University, Department of Science and Technology, Laboratory of Organic Electronics. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Zhang, Fengling
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Electronic and photonic materials. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Solution-Processed Highly Efficient Semitransparent Organic Solar Cells with Low Donor Contents2021In: ACS Applied Energy Materials, E-ISSN 2574-0962, Vol. 4, no 12, p. 14335-14341Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Semitransparent organic solar cells (ST-OSCs) are promising candidates for applications in building-integrated photovoltaics (BIPV) as windows and facades. The challenge to achieve highly efficient ST-OSCs is the trade-off between power conversion efficiency (PCE) and average visible transmittance (AVT). Herein, solution-processed ST-OSCs are demonstrated on the basis a polymer donor, PM6, and a small molecule acceptor, Y6; lowering the visible-absorbing PM6 contents in blends could increase AVT and maintain PCE. Additionally, conductive polymer PEDOT:PSS is used as the top electrode due to its high transparency, good conductivity, and solution processability. Efficient ST-OSCs with 20 wt % PM6 achieve high PCE of 7.46% and AVT of 36.4%. The light utilization efficiency (LUE) of 2.72% is among the best reported values for solution-processed ST-OSCs. This work provides a straightforward approach for solution-processed ST-OSCs by combining a low fraction of visible-wavelength-selective polymer donors with near-infrared nonfullerene acceptors to achieve high PCE and AVT simultaneously.

    Download full text (pdf)
    fulltext
  • 12.
    Jin, Yingzhi
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Biomolecular and Organic Electronics. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering. Jiaxing Univ, Peoples R China.
    Sun, Lulu
    Huazhong Univ Sci & Technol, Peoples R China.
    Qin, Leiqiang
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Thin Film Physics. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Liu, Yanfeng
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Electronic and photonic materials. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Li, Zaifang
    Jiaxing Univ, Peoples R China.
    Zhou, Yinhua
    Huazhong Univ Sci & Technol, Peoples R China.
    Zhang, Fengling
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Electronic and photonic materials. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Solution-processed solar-charging power units made of organic photovoltaic modules and asymmetric super-capacitors2021In: Applied Physics Letters, ISSN 0003-6951, E-ISSN 1077-3118, Vol. 118, no 20, article id 203902Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Organic photovoltaics with the properties of flexibility, portability, and printability are ideal candidates for low-power-consumption electronics such as the Internet of Things under indoor light conditions. In this work, an all solution-processed integrated photocapacitor (IPC) consisting of an organic photovoltaic module (OPVM) and an asymmetric super-capacitor (ASC) is demonstrated. The OPVM poly[(2,6-(4,8-bis(5-(2-ethylhexyl)thiophen-2-yl)benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b ]dithiophene)-co-(1,3-di(5-thiophene-2-yl)-5,7-bis(2-ethylhexyl)benzo[1, 2-c:4,5-c ]dithiophene-4,8-dione)] (PBDB-T) : 3,9-bis(2-methylene-(3-(1,1-dicyanomethylene)-indanone)-5,5,11,11-tetrakis(4-hexylphenyl)-dithieno[2,3-d:2 ,3 d ]-s-indaceno[1,2-b:5,6-b-]-dithiophene (ITIC) with poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) as the top electrode delivers a high power conversion efficiency of 6.7% with a voltage of 4.3 V (1 Sun). The ASC based on PEDOT:PSS and Ti3C2Tx electrodes shows a wide operation window of 1.5 V in the aqueous electrolyte with a high energy density of 28.7 mu W h cm(-2). Consequently, the IPC achieves a high output voltage of 3 V and outstanding overall efficiency of 6.0% (45 000 lx), which shows excellent stability as the solar-charging power unit under room light (500 lx). Synergizing energy harvest and storage in a solution-processed robust, lightweight, low-cost organic IPC enables this solar-charging power unit wide potential applications in low-power-consumption portable electronics.

    Download full text (pdf)
    fulltext
  • 13.
    Zhang, Xin
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Molecular Surface Physics and Nano Science. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Wang, Chunfei
    Univ Macau, Peoples R China; Univ Macau, Peoples R China.
    Feng, Gang
    Univ Macau, Peoples R China; Univ Macau, Peoples R China.
    Jiang, Jianxia
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Thin Film Physics. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Hu, Jiwen
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Molecular Surface Physics and Nano Science. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Du Rietz, Anna
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Molecular Surface Physics and Nano Science. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Brommesson, Caroline
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Molecular Surface Physics and Nano Science. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Zhang, Xuanjun
    Univ Macau, Peoples R China; Univ Macau, Peoples R China.
    Ma, Yuguang
    South China Univ Technol, Peoples R China.
    Roberg, Karin
    Linköping University, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Division of Cell Biology. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Region Östergötland, Anaesthetics, Operations and Specialty Surgery Center, Department of Otorhinolaryngology.
    Zhang, Fengling
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Electronic and photonic materials. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Shen, Han-Ming
    Univ Macau, Peoples R China; Univ Macau, Peoples R China.
    Uvdal, Kajsa
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Molecular Surface Physics and Nano Science. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Hu, Zhang-Jun
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Molecular Surface Physics and Nano Science. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Tailorable Membrane-Penetrating Nanoplatform for Highly Efficient Organelle-Specific Localization2021In: Small, ISSN 1613-6810, E-ISSN 1613-6829, Vol. 17, no 31, article id 2101440Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Given the breadth of currently arising opportunities and concerns associated with nanoparticles for biomedical imaging, various types of nanoparticles have been widely exploited, especially for cellular/subcellular level probing. However, most currently reported nanoparticles either have inefficient delivery into cells or lack specificity for intracellular destinations. The absence of well-defined nanoplatforms remains a critical challenge hindering practical nano-based bio-imaging. Herein, the authors elaborate on a tailorable membrane-penetrating nanoplatform as a carrier with encapsulated actives and decorated surfaces to tackle the above-mentioned issues. The tunable contents in such a versatile nanoplatform offer huge flexibility to reach the expected properties and functions. Aggregation-induced emission luminogen (AIEgen) is applied to achieve sought-after photophysical properties, specific targeting moieties are installed to give high affinity towards different desired organelles, and critical grafting of cell-penetrating cyclic disulfides (CPCDs) to promote cellular uptake efficiency without sacrificing the specificity. Hereafter, to validate its practicability, the tailored nano products are successfully applied to track the dynamic correlation between mitochondria and lysosomes during autophagy. The authors believe that the strategy and described materials can facilitate the development of functional nanomaterials for various life science applications.

    Download full text (pdf)
    fulltext
  • 14.
    Li, Shuixing
    et al.
    Zhejiang Univ, Peoples R China.
    Zhan, Lingling
    Zhejiang Univ, Peoples R China.
    Yao, Nannan
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Electronic and photonic materials. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Xia, Xinxin
    Chinese Univ Hong Kong, Peoples R China.
    Chen, Zeng
    Zhejiang Univ, Peoples R China.
    Yang, Weitao
    Zhejiang Univ, Peoples R China.
    He, Chengliang
    Zhejiang Univ, Peoples R China.
    Zuo, Lijian
    Zhejiang Univ, Peoples R China.
    Shi, Minmin
    Zhejiang Univ, Peoples R China.
    Zhu, Haiming
    Zhejiang Univ, Peoples R China.
    Lu, Xinhui
    Chinese Univ Hong Kong, Peoples R China.
    Zhang, Fengling
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Electronic and photonic materials. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Chen, Hongzheng
    Zhejiang Univ, Peoples R China.
    Unveiling structure-performance relationships from multi-scales in non-fullerene organic photovoltaics2021In: Nature Communications, E-ISSN 2041-1723, Vol. 12, no 1, article id 4627Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Unveiling the correlations among molecular structures, morphological characteristics, macroscopic properties and device performances is crucial for developing better photovoltaic materials and achieving higher efficiencies. To achieve this goal, a comprehensive study is performed based on four state-of-the-art non-fullerene acceptors (NFAs), which allows to systematically examine the above-mentioned correlations from different scales. Its found that extending conjugation of NFA shows positive effects on charge separation promotion and non-radiative loss reduction, while asymmetric terminals can maximize benefits from both terminals. Another molecular optimization is from alkyl chain tuning. The shortened alkyl side chain results in strengthened terminal packing and decreased pi-pi distance, which contribute high carrier mobility and finally the high charge collection efficiency. With the most-acquired benefits from molecular structure and macroscopic factors, PM6:BTP-S9-based organic photovoltaics (OPVs) exhibit the optimal efficiency of 17.56% (certified: 17.4%) with a high fill factor of 78.44%, representing the best among asymmetric acceptor based OPVs. This work provides insight into the structure-performance relationships, and paves the way toward high-performance OPVs via molecular design. Understanding correlations between molecular structures and macroscopic properties is critical in realising highly efficient organic photovoltaics. Here, the authors conduct a comprehensive study based on four non-fullerene acceptors revealing how the extended conjugation, asymmetric terminals and alkyl chain length can affect device performance.

    Download full text (pdf)
    fulltext
  • 15.
    Qin, Leiqiang
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Biomolecular and Organic Electronics. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Jiang, Jianxia
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Thin Film Physics. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering. Jinan Univ, Peoples R China.
    Tao, Quanzheng
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Thin Film Physics. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Wang, Chuan Fei
    Linköping University, Department of Science and Technology, Laboratory of Organic Electronics. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Persson, Ingemar
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Thin Film Physics. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Fahlman, Mats
    Linköping University, Department of Science and Technology, Laboratory of Organic Electronics. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Persson, Per O A
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Thin Film Physics. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Hou, Lintao
    Jinan Univ, Peoples R China.
    Rosén, Johanna
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Thin Film Physics. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Zhang, Fengling
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Biomolecular and Organic Electronics. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering. Jinan Univ, Peoples R China.
    A flexible semitransparent photovoltaic supercapacitor based on water-processed MXene electrodes2020In: Journal of Materials Chemistry A, ISSN 2050-7488, E-ISSN 2050-7496, Vol. 8, no 11, p. 5467-5475Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Solar energy, although it has the highest power density available in terms of renewable energy, has the drawback of being erratic. Integrating an energy harvesting and storage device into photovoltaic energy storage modules is a viable route for obtaining self-powered energy systems. Herein, an MXene-based all-solution processed semitransparent flexible photovoltaic supercapacitor (PSC) was fabricated by integrating a flexible organic photovoltaic (OPV) with Ti3C2Tx MXene as the electrode and transparent MXene supercapacitors with an organic ionogel as the electrolyte in the vertical direction, using Ti3C2Tx thin film as a common electrode. In the quest for a semitransparent flexible PSC, Ti3C2Tx MXene was first used as a transparent electrode for OPV with a high power conversion efficiency of 13.6%. The ionogel electrolyte-based transparent MXene supercapacitor shows a high volumetric capacitance of 502 F cm(-3) and excellent stability. Finally, a flexible PSC with a high average transmittance of over 33.5% was successfully constructed by all-solution processing and a remarkable storage efficiency of 88% was achieved. This strategy enables a simple route for fabricating MXene based high-performance all-solution-processed flexible PSCs, which is important for realizing flexible and printable electronics for future technologies.

    Download full text (pdf)
    fulltext
  • 16.
    Li, Shuixing
    et al.
    Zhejiang Univ, Peoples R China.
    Zhan, Lingling
    Zhejiang Univ, Peoples R China.
    Jin, Yingzhi
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Biomolecular and Organic Electronics. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Zhou, Guanqing
    Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ, Peoples R China.
    Lau, Tsz-Ki
    Chinese Univ Hong Kong, Peoples R China.
    Qin, Ran
    Zhejiang Univ, Peoples R China.
    Shi, Minmin
    Zhejiang Univ, Peoples R China.
    Li, Chang-Zhi
    Zhejiang Univ, Peoples R China.
    Zhu, Haiming
    Zhejiang Univ, Peoples R China.
    Lu, Xinhui
    Chinese Univ Hong Kong, Peoples R China.
    Zhang, Fengling
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Biomolecular and Organic Electronics. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Chen, Hongzheng
    Zhejiang Univ, Peoples R China.
    Asymmetric Electron Acceptors for High-Efficiency and Low-Energy-Loss Organic Photovoltaics2020In: Advanced Materials, ISSN 0935-9648, E-ISSN 1521-4095, Vol. 32, article id 2001160Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Low energy loss and efficient charge separation under small driving forces are the prerequisites for realizing high power conversion efficiency (PCE) in organic photovoltaics (OPVs). Here, a new molecular design of nonfullerene acceptors (NFAs) is proposed to address above two issues simultaneously by introducing asymmetric terminals. Two NFAs, BTP-S1 and BTP-S2, are constructed by introducing halogenated indandione (A(1)) and 3-dicyanomethylene-1-indanone (A(2)) as two different conjugated terminals on the central fused core (D), wherein they share the same backbone as well-known NFA Y6, but at different terminals. Such asymmetric NFAs with A(1)-D-A(2) structure exhibit superior photovoltaic properties when blended with polymer donor PM6. Energy loss analysis reveals that asymmetric molecule BTP-S2 with six chlorine atoms attached at the terminals enables the corresponding devices to give an outstanding electroluminescence quantum efficiency of 2.3 x 10(-2)%, one order of magnitude higher than devices based on symmetric Y6 (4.4 x 10(-3)%), thus significantly lowering the nonradiative loss and energy loss of the corresponding devices. Besides, asymmetric BTP-S1 and BTP-S2 with multiple halogen atoms at the terminals exhibit fast hole transfer to the donor PM6. As a result, OPVs based on the PM6:BTP-S2 blend realize a PCE of 16.37%, higher than that (15.79%) of PM6:Y6-based OPVs. A further optimization of the ternary blend (PM6:Y6:BTP-S2) results in a best PCE of 17.43%, which is among the highest efficiencies for single-junction OPVs. This work provides an effective approach to simultaneously lower the energy loss and promote the charge separation of OPVs by molecular design strategy.

    Download full text (pdf)
    fulltext
  • 17.
    Liu, Yanfeng
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Biomolecular and Organic Electronics. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Zhang, Jianyun
    Chinese Acad Sci, Peoples R China; Univ Chinese Acad Sci, Peoples R China.
    Zhou, Guanqing
    Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ, Peoples R China.
    Liu, Feng
    Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ, Peoples R China.
    Zhu, Xiaozhang
    Chinese Acad Sci, Peoples R China; Univ Chinese Acad Sci, Peoples R China.
    Zhang, Fengling
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Biomolecular and Organic Electronics. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Electric Field Facilitating Hole Transfer in Non-Fullerene Organic Solar Cells with a Negative HOMO Offset2020In: The Journal of Physical Chemistry C, ISSN 1932-7447, E-ISSN 1932-7455, Vol. 124, no 28, p. 15132-15139Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The record high photoinduced current and power conversion efficiencies of organic solar cells (OSCs) should be attributed to the significant contribution of non-fullerene electron acceptors via hole transfer to electron donors and/or a pronounced decrease in energy losses for exciton dissociation by aligned highest occupied molecular orbitals (HOMOs) or lowest unoccupied molecular orbitals (LUMOs). However, the hole transfer mechanism in those highly efficient non-fullerene OSCs with small HOMO offsets has not been extensively studied and fully understood, yet. Herein, we comparatively study the hole transfer kinetics in two OSCs with a positive (0.05 eV) and a negative (-0.07 eV) HOMO offset (Delta HOMO) based on polymer donor PTQ10 paired with non-fullerene acceptors ZITI-C or ZITI-N. Short-circuit current densities (J(sc)) of 20.42 and 12.81 mA cm(-2) are achieved in the OSCs based on PTQ10:ZITI-C (Delta HOMO = 0.05 eV) and PTQ10:ZITI-N (Delta HOMO = -0.07 eV) with an optimized donor (D):acceptor (A) ratio of 1:1, respectively, despite the small and even negative Delta HOMO. Results from time-resolved transient absorption spectroscopy show slower hole transfer (14.3 ps) in PTQ10:ZITI-N than that (3.7 ps) in PTQ10:ZITI-C. To understand the decent J(sc) value in the OSCs of PTQ10:ZITI-N, the temperature and electric field dependences of hole transfer are investigated in low-donor-content OSCs (D:A ratio of 1:9) in which photocurrent is dominated by the contribution via hole transfer from ZITI-N to PTQ10. Devices based on PTQ10:ZITI-C and PTQ10:ZITI-N show similar free charge generation behavior as a function of temperature, whereas the external quantum efficiencies of the PTQ10:ZITI-N device exhibit a much stronger bias dependence than that of PTQ10:ZITI-C, which suggests that the electric field facilitates exciton dissociation in PTQ10:ZITI-N where the energetic driving force alone cannot efficiently dissociate excitons.

    Download full text (pdf)
    fulltext
  • 18.
    Planes, Emilie
    et al.
    Univ Savoie Mt Blanc, France.
    Juillard, Sacha
    Univ Savoie Mt Blanc, France; Univ Grenoble Alpes, France.
    Matheron, Muriel
    Univ Grenoble Alpes, France.
    Charvin, Nicolas
    Univ Savoie Mt Blanc, France.
    Cros, Stephane
    Univ Grenoble Alpes, France.
    Qian, Deping
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Biomolecular and Organic Electronics. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Zhang, Fengling
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Biomolecular and Organic Electronics. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Berson, Solenn
    Univ Grenoble Alpes, France.
    Flandin, Lionel
    Univ Savoie Mt Blanc, France.
    Encapsulation Effect on Performance and Stability of Organic Solar Cells2020In: Advanced Materials Interfaces, ISSN 2196-7350, Vol. 7, no 15, article id 2000293Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    To increase the lifetime of organic photovoltaic (OPV) devices and pass European lifetime standards, some encapsulation systems are often used to limit the exposition to oxygen and humidity of solar cells. Despite this progress, the damages induced by the encapsulation process are scarcely studied in literature. In this article, the consequences of the common roll-to-roll and vacuum lamination approaches are investigated and compared. The losses of performances are first followed induced by both the encapsulation itself and in a damp heat ageing. The vacuum lamination seems harmless for the solar cells. However, a significant damage is evidenced, even with a relatively mild roll-to-roll encapsulation. The degradation mechanisms are further investigated by complementary imaging characterization tools: photoluminescence/electroluminescence imaging and spectroscopy, laser-beam-induced current mapping, and correlated toJ(V) curves. The recent advancements in the optoelectronic domain may allow linking cell performance to localized flaws. It appears that, although the processing conditions are rather homogeneous, the resulting degradation ends up with a strong localization feature.

  • 19.
    Wang, Jianqiu
    et al.
    Beihang Univ, Peoples R China; Natl Ctr Nanosci & Technol, Peoples R China.
    Yao, Nannan
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Biomolecular and Organic Electronics. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Zhang, Dongyang
    Beihang Univ, Peoples R China.
    Zheng, Zhong
    Natl Ctr Nanosci & Technol, Peoples R China.
    Zhou, Huiqiong
    Natl Ctr Nanosci & Technol, Peoples R China.
    Zhang, Fengling
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Biomolecular and Organic Electronics. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Zhang, Yuan
    Beihang Univ, Peoples R China.
    Fast Field-Insensitive Charge Extraction Enables High Fill Factors in Polymer Solar Cells2020In: ACS Applied Materials and Interfaces, ISSN 1944-8244, E-ISSN 1944-8252, Vol. 12, no 34, p. 38460-38469Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Fill factor (FF) is a determining parameter for the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of organic solar cells (OSC). So far, nonfullerene (NF) OSCs with state-of-the-art PCEs exhibit FFs <0.8, lower than the values of Si or perovskite solar cells. The FFs directly display the dependence of photocurrent on bias, meaning that the competition between charge extraction and recombination is modulated by internal electric potential (V-in). Here, we report a study to understand key parameters/properties affecting the device FF based on seven groups of NF-OSCs consisting of widely used PBDBT-2F or PTB7-Th donors and representative NF-acceptors with FFs ranging from 0.60 to 0.78 and PCEs from 10.27 to 16.09%. We used field-dependent transient photocurrent measurements to reveal that fast and field-insensitive charge extraction at low V-in is an essential prerequisite for obtaining high FFs (0.75-0.8), which is enabled by balanced charge transport in steady and reduced bimolecular charge recombination in high purity phases. With bias-dependent quantum efficiency analysis, we further show that the recombination loss at low V-in in the devices with low FFs tends to be more significant involving excitons generated in the donor phase of blends. Our results provide relevance for how to improve the FF toward the boost of photovoltaic performance in NF-OSCs.

  • 20.
    Qin, Leiqiang
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Biomolecular and Organic Electronics. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Tao, Quanzheng
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Thin Film Physics. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Liu, Lianlian
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Biomolecular and Organic Electronics. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Jiang, Jianxia
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Thin Film Physics. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering. Physics Department, Jinan University, Guangzhou, PR China.
    Liu, Xianjie
    Linköping University, Department of Science and Technology, Laboratory of Organic Electronics. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Fahlman, Mats
    Linköping University, Department of Science and Technology, Laboratory of Organic Electronics. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Lintao, Hou
    Physics Department, Jinan University, Guangzhou, PR China.
    Rosén, Johanna
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Thin Film Physics. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Zhang, Fengling
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Biomolecular and Organic Electronics. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering. Physics Department, Jinan University, Guangzhou, PR China.
    Flexible Solid-State Asymmetric Supercapacitors with Enhanced Performance Enabled by Free-Standing MXene-Biopolymer Nanocomposites and Hierarchical Graphene-RuOx Paper Electrodes2020In: Batteries & Supercaps, E-ISSN 2566-6223, Vol. 3, no 7, p. 604-610Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Two-dimensional (2D) transition metal carbides and carbonitrides, called MXenes, with metallic conductivity and hydrophilic surfaces, show great promise as electrode materials for supercapacitors. A major drawback of 2D nanomaterials is the re-stacking of the nanosheets, which prevents full utilization of surface area and blocks the access of the electrolyte. In this study, a free-standing nanocomposite paper electrode is realized by combining Mo1.33C MXene and positively charged biopolymer lignin (the second most abundant biopolymer in nature, L-DEA). The self-assembled layered architecture with alternating polymer and MXene flakes increases the interlayer space to promote ion transport, and with combining charge storage capability of the lignin derivative and MXene in an interpenetrating MXene/L-DEA nanocomposite, which offers an impressive capacitance of 503.7 F g(-1). Moreover, we demonstrate flexible solid-state asymmetric supercapacitors (ASCs) using Mo1.33C@L-DEA as the negative electrode and electrochemically exfoliated graphene with ruthenium oxide (EG@RuOx) as the positive electrode. This asymmetric device operates at a voltage window of 1.35 V, which is about two times wider than that of a symmetric Mo1.33C@L-DEA based supercapacitor. Finally, the ASCs can deliver an energy density of 51.9 Wh kg(-1) at a power density of 338.5 W kg(-1), with 86 % capacitance retention after 10000 charge-discharge cycles.

  • 21.
    Jiang, Qinglin
    et al.
    South China Univ Technol, Peoples R China.
    Sun, Hengda
    Linköping University, Department of Science and Technology, Laboratory of Organic Electronics. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Zhao, Duokai
    South China Univ Technol, Peoples R China.
    Zhang, Fengling
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Biomolecular and Organic Electronics. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Hu, Dehua
    South China Univ Technol, Peoples R China.
    Jiao, Fei
    Linköping University, Department of Science and Technology, Physics and Electronics. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Qin, Leiqiang
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Thin Film Physics. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Linseis, Vincent
    Univ Hamburg, Germany.
    Fabiano, Simone
    Linköping University, Department of Science and Technology, Laboratory of Organic Electronics. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Crispin, Xavier
    Linköping University, Department of Science and Technology, Laboratory of Organic Electronics. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Ma, Yuguang
    South China Univ Technol, Peoples R China.
    Cao, Yong
    South China Univ Technol, Peoples R China.
    High Thermoelectric Performance in n-Type Perylene Bisimide Induced by the Soret Effect2020In: Advanced Materials, ISSN 0935-9648, E-ISSN 1521-4095, Vol. 32, no 45, article id 2002752Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Low-cost, non-toxic, abundant organic thermoelectric materials are currently under investigation for use as potential alternatives for the production of electricity from waste heat. While organic conductors reach electrical conductivities as high as their inorganic counterparts, they suffer from an overall low thermoelectric figure of merit (ZT) due to their small Seebeck coefficient. Moreover, the lack of efficient n-type organic materials still represents a major challenge when trying to fabricate efficient organic thermoelectric modules. Here, a novel strategy is proposed both to increase the Seebeck coefficient and achieve the highest thermoelectric efficiency for n-type organic thermoelectrics to date. An organic mixed ion-electron n-type conductor based on highly crystalline and reduced perylene bisimide is developed. Quasi-frozen ionic carriers yield a large ionic Seebeck coefficient of -3021 mu V K-1, while the electronic carriers dominate the electrical conductivity which is as high as 0.18 S cm(-1)at 60% relative humidity. The overall power factor is remarkably high (165 mu W m(-1)K(-2)), with aZT= 0.23 at room temperature. The resulting single leg thermoelectric generators display a high quasi-constant power output. This work paves the way for the design and development of efficient organic thermoelectrics by the rational control of the mobility of the electronic and ionic carriers.

  • 22.
    Zhang, Xin
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Molecular Surface Physics and Nano Science. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Yuan, Lin
    Anhui Univ, Peoples R China.
    Jiang, Jianxia
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Thin Film Physics. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering. South China Univ Technol, Peoples R China.
    Hu, Jiwen
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Molecular Surface Physics and Nano Science. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Du Rietz, Anna
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Molecular Surface Physics and Nano Science. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Cao, Hongzhi
    Anhui Univ, Peoples R China.
    Zhang, Ruilong
    Anhui Univ, Peoples R China.
    Tian, Xiaohe
    Anhui Univ, Peoples R China.
    Zhang, Fengling
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Biomolecular and Organic Electronics. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Ma, Yuguang
    South China Univ Technol, Peoples R China.
    Zhang, Zhongping
    Anhui Univ, Peoples R China.
    Uvdal, Kajsa
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Molecular Surface Physics and Nano Science. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Hu, Zhang-Jun
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Molecular Surface Physics and Nano Science. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Light-Up Lipid Droplets Dynamic Behaviors Using a Red-Emitting Fluorogenic Probe2020In: Analytical Chemistry, ISSN 0003-2700, E-ISSN 1520-6882, Vol. 92, no 5, p. 3613-3619Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Intracellular lipid metabolism occurs in lipid droplets (LDs), which is critical to the survival of cells. Imaging LDs is an intuitive way to understand their physiology in live cells. However, this is limited by the availability of specific probes that can properly visualize LDs in vivo. Here, an LDs-specific red-emitting probe is proposed to address this need, which is not merely with an ultrahigh signal-to-noise (S/N) ratio and a large Stokes shift (up to 214 nm) but also with superior resistance to photobleaching. The probe has been successfully applied to real-time tracking of intracellular LDs behaviors, including fusion, migration, and lipophagy processes. We deem that the proposed probe here offers a new possibility for deeper understanding of LDs-associated behaviors, elucidation of their roles and mechanisms in cellular metabolism, and determination of the transition between adaptive lipid storage and lipotoxicity as well.

    Download full text (pdf)
    fulltext
  • 23.
    Liu, Yanfeng
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Electronic and photonic materials. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Tao, Quanzheng
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Thin Film Physics. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Jin, Yingzhi
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Biomolecular and Organic Electronics. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Liu, Xianjie
    Linköping University, Department of Science and Technology, Laboratory of Organic Electronics. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Sun, Hengda
    Linköping University, Department of Science and Technology, Laboratory of Organic Electronics. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    El Ghazaly, Ahmed
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Thin Film Physics. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Fabiano, Simone
    Linköping University, Department of Science and Technology, Laboratory of Organic Electronics. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Li, Zaifang
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Biomolecular and Organic Electronics. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering. Jiaxing Univ, Peoples R China.
    Luo, Jie
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Biomolecular and Organic Electronics. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering. Guangdong Univ Technol, Peoples R China.
    Rosén, Johanna
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Thin Film Physics. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Zhang, Fengling
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Electronic and photonic materials. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering. Jinan Univ, Peoples R China.
    Mo1.33C MXene-Assisted PEDOT:PSS Hole Transport Layer for High-Performance Bulk-Heterojunction Polymer Solar Cells2020In: ACS APPLIED ELECTRONIC MATERIALS, ISSN 2637-6113, Vol. 2, no 1, p. 163-169Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Here, we report the usage of two-dimensional MXene, Mo1.33C-assisted poly(3,4-ethylene dioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) as an efficient hole transport layer (HTL) to construct high-efficiency polymer solar cells. The composite HTLs are prepared by mixing Mo1.33C and PEDOT:PSS aqueous solution. The conventional devices based on Mo1.33C:PEDOT:PSS exhibit an average power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 9.2%, which shows a 13% enhancement compared to the reference devices. According to the results from hole mobilities, charge extraction probabilities, steady-state photoluminescence, and atomic force microscopy, the enhanced PCE can be ascribed to the improved charge transport and extraction properties of the HTL, along with the morphological improvement of the active layer on top. This work clearly demonstrates the feasibility to combine advantages of Mo1.33C MXene and PEDOT:PSS as the promising HTL in organic photovoltaics.

  • 24.
    Zhou, Ke
    et al.
    Xi An Jiao Tong Univ, Peoples R China.
    Liu, Yanfeng
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Biomolecular and Organic Electronics. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Alotaibi, Awwad
    Washington State Univ, WA 99164 USA.
    Yuan, Jian
    Xi An Jiao Tong Univ, Peoples R China.
    Jiang, Chuanxiu
    Natl Ctr Nanosci and Technol, Peoples R China.
    Xin, Jingming
    Xi An Jiao Tong Univ, Peoples R China.
    Liu, Xinfeng
    Natl Ctr Nanosci and Technol, Peoples R China.
    Collins, Brian A.
    Washington State Univ, WA 99164 USA.
    Zhang, Fengling
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Biomolecular and Organic Electronics. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Ma, Wei
    Xi An Jiao Tong Univ, Peoples R China.
    Molecular and Energetic Order Dominate the Photocurrent Generation Process in Organic Solar Cells with Small Energetic Offsets2020In: ACS Energy Letters, E-ISSN 2380-8195, Vol. 5, no 2, p. 589-596Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Minimizing the energetic offset between the donor (D) and acceptor (A) in organic solar cells (OSCs) is pivotal for reducing the charge-transfer (CT) loss and improving the open-circuit voltage (V-oc). This nevertheless leads to a topic of debate regarding the driving force for the charge separation in OSCs with small energetic offsets. The molecular packing geometries in the active layer determine the energetic levels and trap density, but their relationship with the driving force is seldom considered. Limited by the complicated demixing morphology and inaccurate measurements of energy levels in the prototypical bulk-heterojunction (BHJ) devices, we thereby demonstrate a concise and robust planar-heterojunction model of PM7/N2200 to investigate the origin of driving force for charge generation. It is surprising to note that the device with smaller energy offset shows higher efficiency. Further analysis reveals that a bilayer device with short-range packing PM7 exhibits smaller energetic offsets along with fewer morphological defects and traps compared to its long-range packing counterparts. This molecular packing characteristic diminishes the energetic disorder at the D/A interfaces and inhibits the trap-assisted charge recombination, contributing to the increased short-circuit current (J(SC)) and V-OC. Our results suggest that the energetic offset actually has limited influence on charge separation, while the synergetic control of molecular and energetic order is vital to the photocurrent generation and energy loss reduction in OSCs.

  • 25.
    He, Chengliang
    et al.
    Zhejiang Univ, Peoples R China.
    Li, Yaokai
    Zhejiang Univ, Peoples R China.
    Liu, Yanfeng
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Biomolecular and Organic Electronics. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Li, Yuhao
    Chinese Univ Hong Kong, Peoples R China.
    Zhou, Guanqing
    Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ, Peoples R China.
    Li, Shuixing
    Zhejiang Univ, Peoples R China.
    Zhu, Haiming
    Zhejiang Univ, Peoples R China.
    Lu, Xinhui
    Chinese Univ Hong Kong, Peoples R China.
    Zhang, Fengling
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Biomolecular and Organic Electronics. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Li, Chang-Zhi
    Zhejiang Univ, Peoples R China.
    Chen, Hongzheng
    Zhejiang Univ, Peoples R China.
    Near infrared electron acceptors with a photoresponse beyond 1000 nm for highly efficient organic solar cells2020In: Journal of Materials Chemistry A, ISSN 2050-7488, E-ISSN 2050-7496, Vol. 8, no 35, p. 18154-18161Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Developing near infrared (NIR) organic semiconductors is indispensable for promoting the performance of organic solar cells (OSCs), but addressing the trade-off between voltage and current density thus achieving high efficiency with low energy loss is still an urgent challenge. Herein, NIR acceptors (H1, H2 and H3) with a photoresponse beyond 1000 nm were developed by conjugating dithienopyrrolobenzothiadiazole to 2-(5,6-difluoro-3-oxo-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-1-ylidene)malononitrileviavaried alkyl thiophene bridges. It was found that the linear outward chains in thiophene bridges could mitigate both the conformation disorder of H3 and the electronic disorder of the PBDB-T:H3 blends, which could help to form a favorable blend morphology, facilitating highly efficient photoelectric conversion in the resultant OSCs. As a result, devices based on PBDB-T:H3 achieve a high efficiency of 13.75% with a low energy loss of 0.55 eV, which is one of the highest efficiencies and the lowest energy loss among OSCs with an optoelectronic response near 1000 nm. This work provides a new design strategy towards NIR acceptors for efficient OSCs and future exploration of functional optoelectronics.

    Download full text (pdf)
    fulltext
  • 26.
    Zhang, Xuning
    et al.
    Beihang Univ, Peoples R China; Natl Ctr Nanosci & Technol, Peoples R China.
    Yao, Nannan
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Biomolecular and Organic Electronics. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Wang, Rui
    Nanjing Univ, Peoples R China.
    Li, Yanxun
    Natl Ctr Nanosci & Technol, Peoples R China.
    Zhang, Dongyang
    Beihang Univ, Peoples R China.
    Wu, Guangbao
    Beihang Univ, Peoples R China.
    Zhou, Jiyu
    Beihang Univ, Peoples R China.
    Li, Xing
    Beihang Univ, Peoples R China.
    Zhang, Hong
    Natl Ctr Nanosci & Technol, Peoples R China.
    Zhang, Jianqi
    Natl Ctr Nanosci & Technol, Peoples R China.
    Wei, Zhixiang
    Natl Ctr Nanosci & Technol, Peoples R China.
    Zhang, Chunfeng
    Nanjing Univ, Peoples R China.
    Zhou, Huiqiong
    Natl Ctr Nanosci & Technol, Peoples R China.
    Zhang, Fengling
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Biomolecular and Organic Electronics. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Zhang, Yuan
    Beihang Univ, Peoples R China.
    On the understanding of energy loss and device fill factor trade-offs in non-fullerene organic solar cells with varied energy levels2020In: Nano Energy, ISSN 2211-2855, E-ISSN 2211-3282, Vol. 75, article id 105032Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Fill factor (FF) is an important parameter governing the power conversion efficiency (PCE) in non-fullerene organic solar cells (NF-OSCs), which however is less studied than the other two parameters (short-circuit current J(sc) and open-circuit voltage V-oc). To understand how energy offsets, exciton and charge carrier dynamics impact the FF, four groups of bulk heterojunctions (BHJs) NF-OSCs are investigated with FFs varying from 0.61 to 0.78 under progressive changes of HOMO-HOMO offsets (Delta(HOMOs), from 0.09 to 0.24 eV). By pump-probe optical spectroscopy, we find that the FF exhibits a positive dependence on Delta(HOMO) and charge-separated state lifetime (tau(CS)) in the blends, a result of inhibited back charge transfers and recombination at the donor-acceptor interface under higher Delta(HOMO)s. Moreover, we observe a fast charge extraction with decreased sensitivity to internal electric-fields in high-FF devices. Despite these merits, the gains of FF are at the expense of increasing the voltage loss to non-radiative recombination in our studied systems. The combined results suggest that remaining appropriate energetic offsets is essential for controlling the carrier dynamics with longer-lived CS-states, restraining charge back transfer and reducing charge recombination toward high FFs and photovoltaic efficiencies.

  • 27.
    Li, Xiaofang
    et al.
    Hebei Univ, Peoples R China; Inner Mongolia Normal Univ, Peoples R China.
    Pan, Ming-Ao
    Inner Mongolia Normal Univ, Peoples R China; Hong Kong Univ Sci and Technol, Peoples R China; Hong Kong Univ Sci and Technol, Peoples R China.
    Lau, Tsz-Ki
    Chinese Univ Hong Kong, Peoples R China.
    Liu, Wanru
    Hebei Univ, Peoples R China.
    Li, Kun
    Capital Normal Univ, Peoples R China.
    Yao, Nannan
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Biomolecular and Organic Electronics. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Shen, Fugang
    Hebei Univ, Peoples R China.
    Huo, Shuying
    Hebei Univ, Peoples R China.
    Zhang, Fengling
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Biomolecular and Organic Electronics. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Wu, Yishi
    Capital Normal Univ, Peoples R China.
    Li, Xuemei
    Linyi Univ, Peoples R China.
    Lu, Xinhui
    Chinese Univ Hong Kong, Peoples R China.
    Yan, He
    Hong Kong Univ Sci and Technol, Peoples R China; Hong Kong Univ Sci and Technol, Peoples R China.
    Zhan, Chuanlang
    Inner Mongolia Normal Univ, Peoples R China.
    Roles of Acceptor Guests in Tuning the Organic Solar Cell Property Based on an Efficient Binary Material System with a Nearly Zero Hole-Transfer Driving Force2020In: Chemistry of Materials, ISSN 0897-4756, E-ISSN 1520-5002, Vol. 32, no 12, p. 5182-5191Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Sub-picosecond hole transfer has been recently observed in several narrow band gap nonfullerene small-molecule acceptor (NFA)-based binary blended organic solar cell (OSC) systems operating with negligible energetic driving forces. As the driving forces are near zero, how the added acceptor/donor guests tune the barrier-free hole-transfer dynamics of these systems remains very unclear. In this study, we report a new NFA (BTCT-2Cl) that conducts a sub-picosecond hole transfer (2 ps) for efficient photocurrent generation when pairing with PM6 though the energetic offset is only 0.02 eV. We observe that the added nonfullerene and PCBM components differently tune the charge generation and recombination when selectively exciting BTCT-2Cl. After adding PC71BM, the hole transfer from the host BTCT-2Cl to the host donor is greatly accelerated, with the rate significantly reduced to 0.29 ps and the charge generation becomes more efficient; on the contrary, recombination is prolonged and a larger fill factor is obtained after adding an NFA guest, here, IT-4F. The different tuning on the host binary hole-transfer dynamics is likely related with the phase crystallinity and the domain size changed after adding different acceptor guests. Over 16% efficiency is obtained on the PC71BM-based ternary device that outperforms the host binary and the IT-4F-based ternary solar cells (both showing over 15% efficiencies). The results clearly demonstrate that adding PCBM or NFA guests enables a very effective and different tuning on the hole-transfer rates and the recombination rates between the barrier-free host binary components, hence leading to efficient tuning on the short-circuit current density and fill factor, which outlines new strategies toward designing high-efficiency ternary blended OSC systems.

  • 28.
    Hultmark, Sandra
    et al.
    Chalmers Univ Technol, Sweden.
    Paleti, Sri Harish Kumar
    King Abdullah Univ Sci & Technol KAUST, Saudi Arabia; KAUST Solar Ctr KSC, Saudi Arabia.
    Harillo, Albert
    CSIC, Spain.
    Marina, Sara
    Univ Basque Country, Spain; Ikerbasque Basque Fdn Sci, Spain.
    Nugroho, Ferry Anggoro Ardy
    Chalmers Univ Technol, Sweden.
    Liu, Yanfeng
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Biomolecular and Organic Electronics. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Ericsson, Leif K. E.
    Karlstad Univ, Sweden.
    Li, Ruipeng
    Brookhaven Natl Lab, NY 11973 USA.
    Martin, Jaime
    Univ Basque Country, Spain; Ikerbasque Basque Fdn Sci, Spain.
    Bergqvist, Jonas
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Biomolecular and Organic Electronics. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Langhammer, Christoph
    Chalmers Univ Technol, Sweden.
    Zhang, Fengling
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Biomolecular and Organic Electronics. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Yu, Liyang
    Sichuan Univ, Peoples R China.
    Campoy-Quiles, Mariano
    CSIC, Spain.
    Moons, Ellen
    Karlstad Univ, Sweden.
    Baran, Derya
    King Abdullah Univ Sci & Technol KAUST, Saudi Arabia; KAUST Solar Ctr KSC, Saudi Arabia.
    Mueller, Christian
    Chalmers Univ Technol, Sweden.
    Suppressing Co-Crystallization of Halogenated Non-Fullerene Acceptors for Thermally Stable Ternary Solar Cells2020In: Advanced Functional Materials, ISSN 1616-301X, E-ISSN 1616-3028, Vol. 30, no 48, article id 2005462Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    While photovoltaic blends based on non-fullerene acceptors are touted for their thermal stability, this type of acceptor tends to crystallize, which can result in a gradual decrease in photovoltaic performance and affects the reproducibility of the devices. Two halogenated indacenodithienothiophene-based acceptors that readily co-crystallize upon mixing are studied, which indicates that the use of an acceptor mixture alone does not guarantee the formation of a disordered mixture. The addition of the donor polymer to the acceptor mixture readily suppresses the crystallization, which results in a fine-grained ternary blend with nanometer-sized domains that do not coarsen due to a highT(g)approximate to 200 degrees C. As a result, annealing at temperatures of up to 170 degrees C does not markedly affect the photovoltaic performance of ternary devices, in contrast to binary devices that suffer from acceptor crystallization in the active layer. The results indicate that the ternary approach enables the use of high-temperature processing protocols, which are needed for upscaling and high-throughput fabrication of organic solar cells. Further, ternary devices display a stable photovoltaic performance at 130 degrees C for at least 205 h, which indicates that the use of acceptor mixtures allows to fabricate devices with excellent thermal stability.

    Download full text (pdf)
    fulltext
  • 29.
    Wang, Jianqiu
    et al.
    Beihang Univ, Peoples R China; Natl Ctr Nanosci and Technol, Peoples R China.
    Xu, Jianqiu
    Nanjing Univ, Peoples R China.
    Yao, Nannan
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Biomolecular and Organic Electronics. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Zhang, Dongyang
    Beihang Univ, Peoples R China.
    Zheng, Zhong
    Natl Ctr Nanosci and Technol, Peoples R China.
    Xie, Shenkun
    Beihang Univ, Peoples R China; Natl Ctr Nanosci and Technol, Peoples R China.
    Zhang, Xuning
    Beihang Univ, Peoples R China.
    Zhang, Fengling
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Biomolecular and Organic Electronics. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Zhou, Huiqiong
    Natl Ctr Nanosci and Technol, Peoples R China.
    Zhang, Chunfeng
    Nanjing Univ, Peoples R China.
    Zhang, Yuan
    Beihang Univ, Peoples R China.
    A Comparative Study on Hole Transfer Inversely Correlated with Driving Force in Two Non-Fullerene Organic Solar Cells2019In: The Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters, E-ISSN 1948-7185, Vol. 10, no 14, p. 4110-4116Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    We report a faster rate of hole transfer under a smaller AHomo in a comparative study of two group organic solar cells (OSCs) consisting of IT-4F as an acceptor and PBDBT and PBDBT-SF as donors. In the OSCs based on PBDBT. SF:IT-4F, a higher short-circuit current (J(SC)) was observed with a Delta(Homo) of 0.31 eV compared to a lower Jsc in PBDBT:IT-4F OSCs with a larger Delta(Homo) (0.45 eV). Intensive investigation indicates that the rate of transfer of a hole from IT-4F to PBDBT-SF or PBDBT is inversely proportional to the Delta(Homo) between IT-4F and donors. The larger Jsc in the PBDBT-SF:IT-4F device is attributed to a synergy of faster hole transfer, slower recombination, and rapid charge extraction enabled by desired morphology and balanced charge carrier mobilities with PBDBT-SF, suggesting that under a sufficiently high Delta(Homo), comprehensive considerations of the transport, film morphology, and energy levels are needed when designing new materials for high-performance OSCs.

  • 30.
    Li, Cheng
    et al.
    Chinese Acad Sci, Peoples R China.
    Wang, Chao
    Chinese Acad Sci, Peoples R China; Hebei Univ, Peoples R China.
    Guo, Yiting
    Chinese Acad Sci, Peoples R China.
    Jin, Yingzhi
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Biomolecular and Organic Electronics. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Yao, Nannan
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Biomolecular and Organic Electronics. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Wu, Yonggang
    Hebei Univ, Peoples R China.
    Zhang, Fengling
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Biomolecular and Organic Electronics. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Li, Weiwei
    Chinese Acad Sci, Peoples R China; Beijing Univ Chem Technol, Peoples R China.
    A diketopyrrolopyrrole-based macrocyclic conjugated molecule for organic electronics2019In: Journal of Materials Chemistry C, ISSN 2050-7526, E-ISSN 2050-7534, Vol. 7, no 13, p. 3802-3810Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    In this work, the first diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP) based donor-acceptor macrocyclic conjugated molecule was developed and its application in organic electronics was systematically studied. Macrocyclic molecules, as a fragment of armchair carbon nanotubes, have emerged as functional materials in materials chemistry, but the materials are always limited to cycloparaphenylenes. Using the donor-acceptor design strategy that has been widely used in high performance conjugated polymers for macrocyclic molecules, it will significantly broaden their species with tunable optical and electrical properties. Herein, we synthesize a well-defined macrocyclic molecule containing four electron-deficient DPP units alternating with electron-rich thiophenes. The new molecule was found to show high solubility, near-infrared absorption spectra and 3D charge transport properties. The new macrocyclic molecule as an electron acceptor was applied to non-fullerene organic solar cells, exhibiting an initial efficiency of 0.49%, while the linear molecule with a similar backbone only showed a very low efficiency of 0.03%. Our results demonstrate that donor-acceptor macrocyclic conjugated materials have great potential application in organic electronics.

    Download full text (pdf)
    fulltext
  • 31.
    Bi, Zhaozhao
    et al.
    Xi An Jiao Tong Univ, Peoples R China.
    Naveed, Hafiz Bilal
    Xi An Jiao Tong Univ, Peoples R China.
    Sui, Xinyu
    CAS Ctr Excellence Nanosci, Peoples R China.
    Zhu, Qinglian
    Xi An Jiao Tong Univ, Peoples R China.
    Xu, Xianbin
    Xi An Jiao Tong Univ, Peoples R China.
    Gou, Lu
    Xi An Jiao Tong Univ, Peoples R China.
    Liu, Yanfeng
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Biomolecular and Organic Electronics. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Zhou, Ke
    Xi An Jiao Tong Univ, Peoples R China.
    Zhang, Lei
    Xi An Jiao Tong Univ, Peoples R China.
    Zhang, Fengling
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Biomolecular and Organic Electronics. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Liu, Xinfeng
    CAS Ctr Excellence Nanosci, Peoples R China.
    Ma, Wei
    Xi An Jiao Tong Univ, Peoples R China.
    Individual nanostructure optimization in donor and acceptor phases to achieve efficient quaternary organic solar cells2019In: Nano Energy, ISSN 2211-2855, E-ISSN 2211-3282, Vol. 66, article id 104176Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Fullerene derivative (PC71BM) and high crystallinity molecule (DR3TBDTT) are employed into PTB7-Th:FOIC based organic solar cells (OSCs) to cooperate an individual nanostructure optimized quaternary blend. PC71BM functions as molecular adjuster and phase modifier promoting FOIC forming "head-to-head" molecular packing and neutralizing the excessive FOIC crystallites. A multi-scale modified morphology is present thanks to the mixture of FOIC and PC71BM while DR3TBDTT disperses into PTB7-Th matrix to reinforce donors crystal-linity and enhance domain purity. Morphology characterization highlights the importance of individually optimizated nanostructures for donor and acceptor, which contributes to efficient hole and electron transport toward improved carrier mobilities and suppressed non-geminated recombination. Therefore, a power conversion efficiency of 13.51% is realized for a quaternary device which is 16% higher than the binary device (PTB7-Th:FOIC). This work demonstrates that utilizing quaternary strategy for simultaneous optimization of donor and acceptor phases is a feasible way to realize high efficient OSCs.

    Download full text (pdf)
    fulltext
  • 32.
    Jin, Yingzhi
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Biomolecular and Organic Electronics. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Xue, Jie
    Tsinghua Univ, Peoples R China.
    Qiao, Juan
    Tsinghua Univ, Peoples R China.
    Zhang, Fengling
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Biomolecular and Organic Electronics. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Investigation on voltage loss in organic triplet photovoltaic devices based on Ir complexes2019In: Journal of Materials Chemistry C, ISSN 2050-7526, E-ISSN 2050-7534, Vol. 7, no 47, p. 15049-15056Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Voltage losses in singlet material-based organic photovoltaic devices (OPVs) have been intensively studied, whereas, only a few investigations on triplet material-based OPVs (T-OPVs) are reported. To investigate the voltage loss in T-OPVs, two homoleptic iridium(iii) complexes based on extended pi-conjugated benzo[g]phthalazine ligands, Ir(Ftbpa)(3) and Ir(FOtbpa)(3), are synthesized as sole electron donors. T-OPVs are fabricated by mixing two donors with phenyl-C-71-butyric acid methyl ester (PC71BM) as an electron acceptor. Insertion of oxygen-bridges as flexible inert delta-spacers in Ir(FOtbpa)(3) has slightly elevated both the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital and the highest occupied molecular orbital levels compared to those of Ir(Ftbpa)(3), which results in a lower charge transfer (CT) state energy (E-CT) for Ir(FOtbpa)(3)-based devices. However, a higher V-oc (0.88 V) is observed for Ir(FOtbpa)(3)-based devices than those of Ir(Ftbpa)(3) (0.80 V). To understand the above result, the morphologies of the two blend films are studied, which excludes the influence of morphology. Furthermore, radiative and non-radiative recombination in two devices is quantitatively investigated, which suggests that a higher V-oc can be attributed to reduced radiative and non-radiative recombination loss for the Ir(FOtbpa)(3)-based devices.

    Download full text (pdf)
    fulltext
  • 33.
    Jin, Yingzhi
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Biomolecular and Organic Electronics. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Zhang, Yanxin
    Tsinghua Univ, Peoples R China.
    Liu, Yanfeng
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Biomolecular and Organic Electronics. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Xue, Jie
    Tsinghua Univ, Peoples R China.
    Li, Weiwei
    Beijing Univ Chem Technol, Peoples R China.
    Qiao, Juan
    Tsinghua Univ, Peoples R China.
    Zhang, Fengling
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Biomolecular and Organic Electronics. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Limitations and Perspectives on Triplet-Material-Based Organic Photovoltaic Devices2019In: Advanced Materials, ISSN 0935-9648, E-ISSN 1521-4095, Vol. 31, no 22, article id 1900690Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Organic photovoltaic cells (OPVs) have attracted broad attention and become a very energetic field after the emergence of nonfullerene acceptors. Long-lifetime triplet excitons are expected to be good candidates for efficiently harvesting a photocurrent. Parallel with the development of OPVs based on singlet materials (S-OPVs), the potential of triplet materials as photoactive layers has been explored. However, so far, OPVs employing triplet materials in a bulk heterojunction have not exhibited better performance than S-OPVs. Here, the recent progress of representative OPVs based on triplet materials (T-OPVs) is briefly summarized. Based on that, the performance limitations of T-OPVs are analyzed. The shortage of desired triplet materials with favorable optoelectronic properties for OPVs, the tradeoff between long lifetime and high binding energy of triplet excitons, as well as the low charge mobility in most triplet materials are crucial issues restraining the efficiencies of T-OPVs. To overcome these limitations, first, novel materials with desired optoelectronic properties are urgently demanded; second, systematic investigation on the contribution and dynamics of triplet excitons in T-OPVs is necessary; third, close multidisciplinary collaboration is required, as proved by the development of S-OPVs.

    Download full text (pdf)
    fulltext
  • 34.
    Liu, Alei
    et al.
    Jinan Univ, Peoples R China.
    Zheng, Wenhao
    Jinan Univ, Peoples R China.
    Yin, Xiaolong
    Jinan Univ, Peoples R China.
    Yang, Junyu
    Jinan Univ, Peoples R China.
    Lin, Yuanbao
    Jinan Univ, Peoples R China.
    Cai, Wanzhu
    Jinan Univ, Peoples R China.
    Yu, Xiaomin
    Jinan Univ, Peoples R China.
    Liang, Quanbin
    South China Univ Technol, Peoples R China.
    He, Zhicai
    South China Univ Technol, Peoples R China.
    Wu, Hongbin
    South China Univ Technol, Peoples R China.
    Li, Yang
    Wuyi Univ, Peoples R China.
    Zhang, Fengling
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Biomolecular and Organic Electronics. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering. Jinan Univ, Peoples R China.
    Hou, Lintao
    Jinan Univ, Peoples R China.
    Manipulate Micrometer Surface and Nanometer Bulk Phase Separation Structures in the Active Layer of Organic Solar Cells via Synergy of Ultrasonic and High-Pressure Gas Spraying2019In: ACS Applied Materials and Interfaces, ISSN 1944-8244, E-ISSN 1944-8252, Vol. 11, no 11, p. 10777-10784Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    For organic solar cells, the vertical and lateral micro-/nanometer-scale structure in the active layer largely determines the device performance. In this work, the surface and bulk domain size of the photoactive layer are successfully manipulated with a facile two-step spraying method, that is, an ultrathin active layer by high-pressure spraying is deliberately stacked on top of the thick active layer by ultrasonic spraying. Thus, the morphology is effectively optimized with the comprehensive study of optical and electrical characteristics, such as photon absorption, exciton dissociation efficiency, and bimolecular recombination. Moreover, the novel method can be used not only in the fullerene system but also in the nonfullerene system, demonstrating the remarkable universality through this synergy method. This work provides an easy and reliable strategy to improve photovoltaic device performance in the industrial large-area spray-coating process.

  • 35.
    Lin, Yuanbao
    et al.
    Jinan Univ, Peoples R China; KAUST, Saudi Arabia.
    Yu, Liyang
    Chalmers Univ Technol, Sweden; Sichuan Univ, Peoples R China.
    Xia, Yuxin
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Biomolecular and Organic Electronics. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Firdaus, Yuliar
    KAUST, Saudi Arabia.
    Dong, Sheng
    South China Univ Technol, Peoples R China.
    Muller, Christian
    Chalmers Univ Technol, Sweden.
    Inganäs, Olle
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Electronic and photonic materials. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Huang, Fei
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Biomolecular and Organic Electronics. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering. South China Univ Technol, Peoples R China.
    Anthopoulos, Thomas D.
    KAUST, Saudi Arabia.
    Zhang, Fengling
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Electronic and photonic materials. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering. Jinan Univ, Peoples R China.
    Hou, Lintao
    Jinan Univ, Peoples R China.
    One-Step Blade-Coated Highly Efficient Nonfullerene Organic Solar Cells with a Self-Assembled Interfacial Layer Enabled by Solvent Vapor Annealing2019In: Solar RRL, E-ISSN 2367-198X, Vol. 3, no 8, article id 1900179Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    A pronounced enhancement of the power conversion efficiency (PCE) by 38% is achieved in one-step doctor-blade printing organic solar cells (OSCs) via a simple solvent vapor annealing (SVA) step. The organic blend composed of a donor polymer, a nonfullerene acceptor, and an interfacial layer (IL) molecular component is found to phase-separate vertically when exposed to a solvent vapor-saturated atmosphere. Remarkably, the spontaneous formation of a fine, self-organized IL between the bulk heterojunction (BHJ) layer and the indium tin oxide (ITO) electrode facilitated by SVA yields solar cells with a significantly higher PCE (11.14%) than in control devices (8.05%) without SVA and in devices (10.06%) made with the more complex two-step doctor-blade printing method. The stratified nature of the ITO/IL/BHJ/cathode is corroborated by a range of complementary characterization techniques including surface energy, cross-sectional scanning electron microscopy, grazing incidence wide angle X-ray scattering, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. This study demonstrates that a spontaneously formed IL with SVA treatment combines simplicity and precision with high device performance, thus making it attractive for large-area manufacturing of next-generation OSCs.

    Download full text (pdf)
    fulltext
  • 36.
    Hamedi, Mahiar Max
    et al.
    KTH Royal Inst Technol, Sweden.
    Herland, Anna
    KTH Royal Inst Technol, Sweden; Karolinska Inst, Sweden.
    Zhang, Fengling
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Biomolecular and Organic Electronics. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Pei, Qibing
    Univ Calif Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA.
    Organic Polymer Electronics - A Special Issue in Honor of Prof. Olle Inganas2019In: Advanced Materials, ISSN 0935-9648, E-ISSN 1521-4095, Vol. 31, no 22, article id 1901940Article in journal (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    n/a

  • 37.
    Qin, Leiqiang
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Biomolecular and Organic Electronics. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Tao, Quanzheng
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Thin Film Physics. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Liu, Xianjie
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Surface Physics and Chemistry. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Fahlman, Mats
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Surface Physics and Chemistry. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Halim, Joseph
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Thin Film Physics. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Persson, Per O A
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Thin Film Physics. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Rosén, Johanna
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Thin Film Physics. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Zhang, Fengling
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Biomolecular and Organic Electronics. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering. Jinan Univ, Peoples R China.
    Polymer-MXene composite films formed by MXene-facilitated electrochemical polymerization for flexible solid-state microsupercapacitors2019In: Nano Energy, ISSN 2211-2855, E-ISSN 2211-3282, Vol. 60, p. 734-742Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Materials with tailored properties are crucial for high performance electronics applications. Hybrid materials composed of inorganic and organic components can possess unique merits for broad application by synergy between the advantages the respective material type offers. Here we demonstrate a novel electrochemical polymerization (EP) enabled by a 2D transition metal carbide MXene for obtaining conjugated polymer-MXene composite films deposited on conducting substrates without using traditional electrolytes, indispensable compounds for commonly electrochemical polymerization. The universality of the process provides a novel approach for EP allowing fast facile process for obtaining different new polymer/MXene composites with controlled thickness and micro-pattern. Furthermore, high performance microsupercapacitors and asymmetric microsupercapacitors are realized based on the excellent composites benefiting from higher areal capacitance, better rate capabilities and lower contact resistance than conventional electropolymerized polymers. The AMSCs exhibit a maximum areal capacitance of 69.5 mF cm(-2), an ultrahigh volumetric energy density (250.1 mWh cm(-3)) at 1.6 V, and excellent cycling stability up to 10000 cycles. The excellent electrochemical properties of the composite polymerized with MXene suggest a great potential of the method for various energy storage applications.

    Download full text (pdf)
    fulltext
  • 38.
    Zhang, Jianyun
    et al.
    Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, China.
    Liu, Wenrui
    Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, China.
    Zhang, Ming
    School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, and Center for Advanced Electronic Materials and Devices, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China.
    Liu, Yanfeng
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Biomolecular and Organic Electronics. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Zhou, Guanqing
    School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, and Center for Advanced Electronic Materials and Devices, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China.
    Xu, Shengjie
    Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China.
    Zhang, Fengling
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Biomolecular and Organic Electronics. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Zhu, Haiming
    Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, China.
    Liu, Feng
    School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, and Center for Advanced Electronic Materials and Devices, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China.
    Zhu, Xiaozhang
    Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, China.
    Revealing the Critical Role of the HOMO Alignment on Maximizing Current Extraction and Suppressing Energy Loss in Organic Solar Cells2019In: iScience, E-ISSN 2589-0042, Vol. 19, p. 883-893Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    For state-of-the-art organic solar cells (OSCs) consisting of a large-bandgap polymer donor and a near-infrared (NIR) molecular acceptor, the control of the HOMO offset is the key to simultaneously achieve small energy loss (Eloss) and high photocurrent. However, the relationship between HOMO offsets and the efficiency for hole separation is quite elusive so far, which requires a comprehensive understanding on how small the driving force can effectively perform the charge separation while obtaining a high photovoltage to ensure high OSC performance. By designing a new family of ZITI-X NIR acceptors (X = S, C, N) with a high structural similarity and matching them with polymer donor J71 forming reduced HOMO offsets, we systematically investigated and established the relationship among the photovoltaic performance, energy loss, and hole-transfer kinetics. We achieved the highest PCEavgs of 14.05 ± 0.21% in a ternary system (J71:ZITI-C:ZITI-N) that best optimize the balance between driving force and energy loss.

    Download full text (pdf)
    fulltext
  • 39.
    Li, Zaifang
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Biomolecular and Organic Electronics. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering. Huazhong Univ Sci and Technol, Peoples R China.
    Sun, Hengda
    Linköping University, Department of Science and Technology, Physics and Electronics. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Hsiao, Ching-Lien
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Thin Film Physics. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Yao, Yulong
    Univ Kentucky, KY 40506 USA.
    Xiao, Yiqun
    Chinese Univ Hong Kong, Peoples R China.
    Shahi, Maryam
    Univ Kentucky, KY 40506 USA.
    Jin, Yingzhi
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Biomolecular and Organic Electronics. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Cruce, Alex
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Surface Physics and Chemistry. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Liu, Xianjie
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Surface Physics and Chemistry. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Jiang, Youyu
    Huazhong Univ Sci and Technol, Peoples R China.
    Meng, Wei
    Huazhong Univ Sci and Technol, Peoples R China.
    Qin, Fei
    Huazhong Univ Sci and Technol, Peoples R China.
    Ederth, Thomas
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Molecular Physics. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Fabiano, Simone
    Linköping University, Department of Science and Technology, Physics and Electronics. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Chen, Weimin
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Surface Physics and Chemistry. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Lu, Xinhui
    Chinese Univ Hong Kong, Peoples R China.
    Birch, Jens
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Thin Film Physics. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Brill, Joseph W.
    Univ Kentucky, KY 40506 USA.
    Zhou, Yinhua
    Huazhong Univ Sci and Technol, Peoples R China; South China Univ Technol, Peoples R China.
    Crispin, Xavier
    Linköping University, Department of Science and Technology, Physics and Electronics. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Zhang, Fengling
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Biomolecular and Organic Electronics. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    A Free-Standing High-Output Power Density Thermoelectric Device Based on Structure-Ordered PEDOT:PSS2018In: Advanced Electronic Materials, E-ISSN 2199-160X, Vol. 4, no 2, article id 1700496Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    A free-standing high-output power density polymeric thermoelectric (TE) device is realized based on a highly conductive (approximate to 2500 S cm(-1)) structure-ordered poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):polystyrene sulfonate film (denoted as FS-PEDOT:PSS) with a Seebeck coefficient of 20.6 mu V K-1, an in-plane thermal conductivity of 0.64 W m(-1) K-1, and a peak power factor of 107 mu W K-2 m(-1) at room temperature. Under a small temperature gradient of 29 K, the TE device demonstrates a maximum output power density of 99 +/- 18.7 mu W cm(-2), which is the highest value achieved in pristine PEDOT:PSS based TE devices. In addition, a fivefold output power is demonstrated by series connecting five devices into a flexible thermoelectric module. The simplicity of assembling the films into flexible thermoelectric modules, the low out-of-plane thermal conductivity of 0.27 W m(-1) K-1, and free-standing feature indicates the potential to integrate the FS-PEDOT:PSS TE modules with textiles to power wearable electronics by harvesting human bodys heat. In addition to the high power factor, the high thermal stability of the FS-PEDOT:PSS films up to 250 degrees C is confirmed by in situ temperature-dependent X-ray diffraction and grazing incident wide angle X-ray scattering, which makes the FS-PEDOT:PSS films promising candidates for thermoelectric applications.

    Download full text (pdf)
    fulltext
  • 40.
    Wouk de Menezes, Luana
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Biomolecular and Organic Electronics. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering. Univ Fed Parana, Brazil.
    Jin, Yingzhi
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Biomolecular and Organic Electronics. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Benatto, Leandro
    Univ Fed Parana, Brazil.
    Wang, Chuan Fei
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Biomolecular and Organic Electronics. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Koehler, Marlus
    Univ Fed Parana, Brazil.
    Zhang, Fengling
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Electronic and photonic materials. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Roman, Lucimara Stolz
    Univ Fed Parana, Brazil.
    Charge Transfer Dynamics and Device Performance of Environmentally Friendly Processed Nonfullerene Organic Solar Cells2018In: ACS Applied Energy Materials, E-ISSN 2574-0962, Vol. 1, no 9, p. 4776-4785Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    In the last years, one of the pursuits has been to replace the use of halogenated solvent during the processing of organic photovoltaic (OPV) devices. Herein, we investigate the nonhalogenated solvent, o-methylanisole (o-MA) and the well stabilized o-dichlorobenzene (o-DCB) to process the bulk heterojunction (BHJ) based on PTB7-Th donor (D) and 3,9-bis(2-methylene-(3-(1,1-dicyanomethylene)-indanone))-5,5,11,11-tetrakis(4-hexylphenyl)-dithieno[2,3-d:2,3 - d]-s-indaceno [1,2-b:5,6-b] dithiophene) (ITIC) acceptor (A). The formation of D A interfaces with different (solvent-dependent) characteristics was verified by steady-state photoluminescence and morphological and electrical measurements. These measurements show a rather comparable device efficiency of the PTB7-th:ITIC BHJ processed by o-MA (compared to the device processed using o-DCB) despite the lower absorption of the films and the lower V-OC. Also, the charge-transfer (CT) state formation was investigated and the reasons behind the V-OC losses were correlated to the interface variations when processed by different solvents. Some experimental results are then discussed in light of the electronic structure of the molecules calculated using the density functional theory (DFT) method. The comparison between the experimental data and the theoretical calculations give some insights about the microscopic processes involved in the variation of the devices properties processed using the o-DCB and o-Ma solvents. We concluded that the D-A distance clearly affects the CT state energy and consequently the V-OC. Furthermore, higher air stability is observed when the active layer is processed using o-MA instead of o-DCB. The better stability was observed in self-lifetime measurements and air-processed devices.

  • 41.
    Qian, Deping
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Biomolecular and Organic Electronics. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Zheng, Zilong
    Georgia Inst Technol, GA 30332 USA; Georgia Inst Technol, GA 30332 USA.
    Yao, Huifeng
    Chinese Acad Sci, Peoples R China.
    Tress, Wolfgang
    Ecole Polytech Fed Lausanne, Switzerland.
    Hopper, Thomas R.
    Imperial Coll London, England.
    Chen, Shula
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Surface Physics and Chemistry. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Li, Sunsun
    Chinese Acad Sci, Peoples R China.
    Liu, Jing
    Hong Kong Univ Sci and Technol, Peoples R China; Hong Kong Univ Sci and Technol, Peoples R China.
    Chen, Shangshang
    Hong Kong Univ Sci and Technol, Peoples R China; Hong Kong Univ Sci and Technol, Peoples R China.
    Zhang, Jiangbin
    Imperial Coll London, England; Univ Cambridge, England.
    Liu, Xiaoke
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Biomolecular and Organic Electronics. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Gao, Bowei
    Chinese Acad Sci, Peoples R China.
    Ouyang, Liangqi
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Biomolecular and Organic Electronics. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Jin, Yingzhi
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Biomolecular and Organic Electronics. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Pozina, Galia
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Thin Film Physics. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Buyanova, Irina
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Surface Physics and Chemistry. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Chen, Weimin
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Surface Physics and Chemistry. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Inganäs, Olle
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Biomolecular and Organic Electronics. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Coropceanu, Veaceslav
    Georgia Inst Technol, GA 30332 USA; Georgia Inst Technol, GA 30332 USA.
    Bredas, Jean-Luc
    Georgia Inst Technol, GA 30332 USA; Georgia Inst Technol, GA 30332 USA.
    Yan, He
    Hong Kong Univ Sci and Technol, Peoples R China; Hong Kong Univ Sci and Technol, Peoples R China.
    Hou, Jianhui
    Chinese Acad Sci, Peoples R China.
    Zhang, Fengling
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Biomolecular and Organic Electronics. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Bakulin, Artem A.
    Imperial Coll London, England.
    Gao, Feng
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Biomolecular and Organic Electronics. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Design rules for minimizing voltage losses in high-efficiency organic solar cells2018In: Nature Materials, ISSN 1476-1122, E-ISSN 1476-4660, Vol. 17, no 8, p. 703-+Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The open-circuit voltage of organic solar cells is usually lower than the values achieved in inorganic or perovskite photovoltaic devices with comparable bandgaps. Energy losses during charge separation at the donor-acceptor interface and non-radiative recombination are among the main causes of such voltage losses. Here we combine spectroscopic and quantum-chemistry approaches to identify key rules for minimizing voltage losses: (1) a low energy offset between donor and acceptor molecular states and (2) high photoluminescence yield of the low-gap material in the blend. Following these rules, we present a range of existing and new donor-acceptor systems that combine efficient photocurrent generation with electroluminescence yield up to 0.03%, leading to non-radiative voltage losses as small as 0.21 V. This study provides a rationale to explain and further improve the performance of recently demonstrated high-open-circuit-voltage organic solar cells.

  • 42.
    Guo, Yiting
    et al.
    Chinese Acad Sci, Peoples R China; Univ Chinese Acad Sci, Peoples R China.
    Liu, Yanfeng
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Biomolecular and Organic Electronics. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Zhu, Qinglian
    Xi An Jiao Tong Univ, Peoples R China.
    Li, Cheng
    Chinese Acad Sci, Peoples R China.
    Jin, Yingzhi
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Biomolecular and Organic Electronics. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Puttisong, Yuttapoom
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Surface Physics and Chemistry. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Chen, Weimin
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Surface Physics and Chemistry. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Liu, Feng
    Hebei Univ, Peoples R China.
    Zhang, Fengling
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Biomolecular and Organic Electronics. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Ma, Wei
    Xi An Jiao Tong Univ, Peoples R China.
    Li, Weiwei
    Chinese Acad Sci, Peoples R China.
    Effect of Side Groups on the Photovoltaic Performance Based on Porphyrin-Perylene Bisimide Electron Acceptors2018In: ACS Applied Materials and Interfaces, ISSN 1944-8244, E-ISSN 1944-8252, Vol. 10, no 38, p. 32454-32461Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    In this work, we developed four porphyrin-based small molecular electron acceptors for non-fullerene organic solar cells, in which different side groups attached to the porphyrin core were selected in order to achieve optimized performance. The molecules contain porphyrin as the core, perylene bisimides as end groups, and the ethynyl unit as the linker. Four side groups, from 2,6-di(dodecyloxy)phenyl to (2-ethylhexyl)thiophen-2-yl, pentadecan-7-yl, and 3,5-di(dodecyloxy)phenyl unit, were applied into the electron acceptors. The new molecules exhibit broad absorption spectra from 300 to 900 nm and high molar extinction coefficients. The molecules as electron acceptors were applied into organic solar cells, showing increased power conversion efficiencies from 1.84 to 5.34%. We employed several techniques, including photoluminescence spectra, electroluminescence spectra, atomic force microscopy, and grazing-incidence wide-angle X-ray to probe the blends to find the effects of the side groups on the photovoltaic properties. We found that the electron acceptors with 2,6-di(dodecyloxy)phenyl units show high-lying frontier energy levels, good crystalline properties, and low nonradiative recombination loss, resulting in possible large phase separation and low energy loss, which is responsible for the low performance. Our results provide a detailed study about the side groups of non-fullerene materials, demonstrating that porphyrin can be used to design electron acceptors toward near-infrared absorption.

  • 43.
    Wang, Yaling
    et al.
    Tianjin Key Lab Photoelect Mat and Devices, Peoples R China.
    Liu, Shaowei
    Tianjin Univ Technol, Peoples R China; Tianjin Key Lab Photoelect Mat and Devices, Peoples R China.
    Zeng, Qi
    Tianjin Univ Technol, Peoples R China; Tianjin Key Lab Photoelect Mat and Devices, Peoples R China.
    Wang, Rui
    Tianjin Univ Technol, Peoples R China; Tianjin Key Lab Photoelect Mat and Devices, Peoples R China.
    Qin, Wenjing
    Tianjin Univ Technol, Peoples R China; Tianjin Key Lab Photoelect Mat and Devices, Peoples R China.
    Cao, Huanqi
    Tianjin Univ Technol, Peoples R China; Tianjin Key Lab Photoelect Mat and Devices, Peoples R China.
    Yang, Liying
    Tianjin Univ Technol, Peoples R China; Tianjin Key Lab Photoelect Mat and Devices, Peoples R China.
    Li, Lan
    Tianjin Univ Technol, Peoples R China; Tianjin Key Lab Photoelect Mat and Devices, Peoples R China.
    Yin, Shougen
    Tianjin Univ Technol, Peoples R China; Tianjin Key Lab Photoelect Mat and Devices, Peoples R China.
    Zhang, Fengling
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Biomolecular and Organic Electronics. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Enhanced performance and stability of inverted planar perovskite solar cells by incorporating 1,6-diaminohexane dihydrochloride additive2018In: Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells, ISSN 0927-0248, E-ISSN 1879-3398, Vol. 188, p. 140-148Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Herein, 1,6-Diaminohexane Dihydrochloride (1,6-DD) is introduced into perovskite precursors to fabricate the inverted planar perovskite solar cells. By regulating the concentration of 1,6-DD additive, the average power conversion efficiency (PCE) of perovskite solar cells is enhanced by 20%. The champion device achieves a relatively high PCE of 17% and an excellent fill factor of 80.1%. The PCE of the large-area (1 cm(2)) device also reaches to 13.68%. After exposure to the air for 16 days, the device with 1,6-DD additive still retains above 90% of the initial efficiency, exhibiting good stability. We demonstrate that a small amount of 1,6-DD affects the crystallization dynamic, yielding ideal perovskite film with enhanced crystallinity and enlarged grain size. The two terminal -NH3+ groups passivates the vacancy defects at the perovskite crystal surface, suppressing charge recombination and facilitating charge transportation effectively. Meanwhile, adjacent crystal surfaces are linked through the hexane alkyl chain of 1,6-DD molecule, which enhances the interaction between perovskite grains and anchors the microstructure of perovskite to some degree. Hydrophobic hexane alkyl chains also increase the moisture resistance of perovskite film. Thus, an easy and effective way is provided for fabricating efficient and stable perovskite solar cells.

  • 44.
    Xing, Xing
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Biomolecular and Organic Electronics. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Zeng, Qi
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Surface Physics and Chemistry. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Vagin, Mikhail
    Linköping University, Department of Science and Technology, Physics and Electronics. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Fahlman, Mats
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Surface Physics and Chemistry. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Zhang, Fengling
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Biomolecular and Organic Electronics. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Fast switching polymeric electrochromics with facile processed water dispersed nanoparticles2018In: Nano Energy, ISSN 2211-2855, E-ISSN 2211-3282, Vol. 47, p. 123-129Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    In this work, water dispersed electrochromic polymer nanoparticles (WDENs) prepared with miniemulsion process are introduced into electrochromic polymer (ECP) electrode for the first time. The poly [2, 3-bis-(3-octyloxyphenyl) quinoxaline-5,8-diyl-alt-thiophene-2,5-diyl]) nanoparticle (NP) electrode shows much faster switching speed than the compacted electrode (e.g. 2.10 s vs. 24.15 s for coloring, 8.65 s vs. 25.95 s for bleaching @ 0.4 V; 1.30 s vs. 9.20 s coloring and 1.7 s vs. 2.90 s for bleaching @ 1.0 V). Moreover, the potentiality of WDENs for universal ECPs is demonstrated. The microelectrochemical measurement indicates much more efficient counter-ion diffusion between the electrolyte and the NP films than the compacted films, which results in much faster electrochromic switching. Besides the facile and eco-friendly processing of the WDENs, all solution and low cost fabrication of ECP NP films suggest their broad applications in commercial production of polymer electrochromic display and great potential for other polymer electrochemical electronics.

  • 45.
    Li, Liyuan
    et al.
    Chinese Acad Sci, Peoples R China; Univ Chinese Acad Sci, Peoples R China.
    Lu, Feixue
    Chinese Acad Sci, Peoples R China; Univ Chinese Acad Sci, Peoples R China.
    Wang, Chao
    Chinese Acad Sci, Peoples R China.
    Zhang, Fengling
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Biomolecular and Organic Electronics. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Liang, Weihua
    Chinese Acad Sci, Peoples R China.
    Kuga, Shigenori
    Chinese Acad Sci, Peoples R China.
    Dong, Zhichao
    Chinese Acad Sci, Peoples R China.
    Zhao, Yang
    Chinese Acad Sci, Peoples R China.
    Huang, Yong
    Chinese Acad Sci, Peoples R China.
    Wu, Min
    Chinese Acad Sci, Peoples R China.
    Flexible double-cross-linked cellulose-based hydrogel and aerogel membrane for supercapacitor separator2018In: Journal of Materials Chemistry A, ISSN 2050-7488, Vol. 6, no 47, p. 24468-24478Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    A cellulose-based flexible double-cross-linked hydrogel with hierarchical porosity (max. 80%) was obtained by a facile solution-phase method by using polydopamine (PDA) as a crosslinker between cellulose and polyacrylamide (PAM). The investigation on the ratio of dopamine/acrylamide (DA/AM) reveals that the - stacking of the catechol groups in PDA and the abundant hydrogen bonds distributed in the gel network exert key effects on the hydrogels mechanical properties. At the premium ratio of 0.4 (C-4-DM-40), the mechanical and self-healing properties of the hydrogel are superior to those of other hydrogels. Fe3+-functionalizing endows the hydrogel with enhanced conductivity and sensitivity, as evidenced by the 3-fold increase in resistance variation (R/R-0) in a finger-bending monitoring test. An electric double layer supercapacitor using the KOH-saturated C-4-DM-40 aerogel membrane as a polymer electrolyte presents high capacitance of 172 F g(-1) at 1.0 A g(-1) and long cycling life of 10000 cycles with 84.7% capacitance retention due to electrolyte retention of 548.6%. Remarkably, an integrated micro-supercapacitor is fabricated by directly depositing activated carbon materials onto the C-4-DM-40 hydrogel membrane. The device shows areal capacitance of 275.8 mF cm(-2) and volumetric capacitance of 394.1 F cm(-3) at 10 mV s(-1). These findings suggest that the multi-functional cellulose-based hydrogels reported in this study display various potentials for practical applications not only in human health monitoring but also in portable and energy-storage devices.

  • 46.
    Zhou, Zichun
    et al.
    Chinese Acad Sci, Peoples R China; Univ Chinese Acad Sci, Peoples R China.
    Xu, Shengjie
    Chinese Acad Sci, Peoples R China.
    Song, Jingnan
    Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ, Peoples R China.
    Jin, Yingzhi
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Biomolecular and Organic Electronics. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Yue, Qihui
    Chinese Acad Sci, Peoples R China; Univ Chinese Acad Sci, Peoples R China.
    Qian, Yuhao
    Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ, Peoples R China.
    Liu, Feng
    Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ, Peoples R China.
    Zhang, Fengling
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Biomolecular and Organic Electronics. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Zhu, Xiaozhang
    Chinese Acad Sci, Peoples R China; Univ Chinese Acad Sci, Peoples R China.
    High-efficiency small-molecule ternary solar cells with a hierarchical morphology enabled by synergizing fullerene and non-fullerene acceptors2018In: NATURE ENERGY, ISSN 2058-7546, Vol. 3, no 11, p. 952-959Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Using combinatory photoactive blends is a promising approach to achieve high power conversion efficiency in ternary organic photovoltaics. However, the fundamental challenge of how to manipulate the morphology of multiple components and correlate structure details via device performance has not been well addressed. Achieving an ideal morphology that simultaneously enhances charge generation and transport and reduces voltage loss is an imperative avenue to improve device efficiency. Here, we achieve a high power conversion efficiency of 13.20 +/- 0.25% for ternary solar cells by using a combination of small molecules with both fullerene and non-fullerene acceptors, which form a hierarchical morphology consisting of a PCBM transporting highway and an intricate non-fullerene phase-separated pathway network. Carrier generation and transport find an optimized balance, and voltage loss is simultaneously reduced. Such a morphology fully utilizes the individual advantages of both fullerene and non-fullerene acceptors, demonstrating their indispensability in organic photovoltaics.

  • 47.
    Qin, Leiqiang
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Biomolecular and Organic Electronics. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Tao, Quanzheng
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Thin Film Physics. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    El Ghazaly, Ahmed
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Thin Film Physics. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Fernandez-Rodriguez, Julia
    University of Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Persson, Per
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Thin Film Physics. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Rosén, Johanna
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Thin Film Physics. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Zhang, Fengling
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Biomolecular and Organic Electronics. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    High-Performance Ultrathin Flexible Solid-State Supercapacitors Based on Solution Processable Mo1.33C MXene and PEDOT:PSS2018In: Advanced Functional Materials, ISSN 1616-301X, E-ISSN 1616-3028, Vol. 28, no 2, article id 1703808Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    MXenes, a young family of 2D transition metal carbides/nitrides, show great potential in electrochemical energy storage applications. Herein, a high performance ultrathin flexible solid-state supercapacitor is demonstrated based on a Mo1.33C MXene with vacancy ordering in an aligned layer structure MXene/poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonic acid) (PEDOT:PSS) composite film posttreated with concentrated H2SO4. The flexible solid-state supercapacitor delivers a maximum capacitance of 568 F cm-3, an ultrahigh energy density of 33.2 mWh cm-3 and a power density of 19 470 mW cm-3. The Mo1.33C MXene/PEDOT:PSS composite film shows a reduction in resistance upon H2SO4 treatment, a higher capacitance (1310 F cm-3) and improved rate capabilities than both pristine Mo1.33C MXene and the nontreated Mo1.33C/PEDOT:PSS composite films. The enhanced capacitance and stability are attributed to the synergistic effect of increased interlayer spacing between Mo1.33C MXene layers due to insertion of conductive PEDOT, and surface redox processes of the PEDOT and the MXene.

    Download full text (pdf)
    fulltext
  • 48.
    Wang, Yuming
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Biomolecular and Organic Electronics. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering. Nanjing Tech Univ, Peoples R China.
    Jafari, Mohammad Javad
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Molecular Physics. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Wang, Nana
    Nanjing Tech Univ, Peoples R China.
    Qian, Deping
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Biomolecular and Organic Electronics. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Zhang, Fengling
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Biomolecular and Organic Electronics. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Ederth, Thomas
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Molecular Physics. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Moons, Ellen
    Karlstad Univ, Sweden.
    Wang, Jianpu
    Nanjing Tech Univ, Peoples R China.
    Inganäs, Olle
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Biomolecular and Organic Electronics. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Huang, Wei
    Nanjing Tech Univ, Peoples R China.
    Gao, Feng
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Biomolecular and Organic Electronics. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Light-induced degradation of fullerenes in organic solar cells: a case study on TQ1:PC71BM2018In: Journal of Materials Chemistry A, ISSN 2050-7488, Vol. 6, no 25, p. 11884-11889Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The stability of organic solar cells (OSCs) is critical for practical applications of this emerging technology. Unfortunately, in spite of intensive investigations, the degradation mechanisms in OSCs have not been clearly understood yet. In this report, we employ a range of spectroscopic and transport measurements, coupled with drift-diffusion modelling, to investigate the light-induced degradation mechanisms of fullerene-based OSCs. We find that trap states formed in the fullerene phase under illumination play a critical role in the degradation of the open-circuit voltage (V-OC) in OSCs. Our results indicate that the degradation is intrinsic to the fullerenes in OSCs and that alternative acceptor materials are desired for the development of stable OSCs.

    Download full text (pdf)
    fulltext
  • 49.
    Lin, Yuanbao
    et al.
    Jinan Univ, Peoples R China.
    Jin, Yingzhi
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Biomolecular and Organic Electronics. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Dong, Sheng
    South China Univ Technol, Peoples R China.
    Zheng, Wenhao
    Jinan Univ, Peoples R China.
    Yang, Junyu
    Jinan Univ, Peoples R China.
    Liu, Alei
    Jinan Univ, Peoples R China.
    Liu, Feng
    Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ, Peoples R China.
    Jiang, Yufeng
    Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, CA 94720 USA.
    Russell, Thomas P.
    Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, CA 94720 USA.
    Zhang, Fengling
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Biomolecular and Organic Electronics. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering. Jinan Univ, Peoples R China.
    Huang, Fei
    South China Univ Technol, Peoples R China.
    Hou, Lintao
    Jinan Univ, Peoples R China.
    Printed Nonfullerene Organic Solar Cells with the Highest Efficiency of 9.5%2018In: Advanced Energy Materials, ISSN 1614-6832, E-ISSN 1614-6840, Vol. 8, no 13, article id 1701942Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The current work reports a high power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 9.54% achieved with nonfullerene organic solar cells (OSCs) based on PTB7-Th donor and 3,9-bis(2-methylene-(3-(1,1-dicyanomethylene)-indanone))-5,5,11,11-tetrakis(4-hexylphenyl)-dithieno[2,3-d:2,3-d]-s-indaceno[1,2-b:5,6-b]dithiophene) (ITIC) acceptor fabricated by doctor-blade printing, which has the highest efficiency ever reported in printed nonfullerene OSCs. Furthermore, a high PCE of 7.6% is realized in flexible large-area (2.03 cm(2)) indium tin oxide (ITO)-free doctor-bladed nonfullerene OSCs, which is higher than that (5.86%) of the spin-coated counterpart. To understand the mechanism of the performance enhancement with doctor-blade printing, the morphology, crystallinity, charge recombination, and transport of the active layers are investigated. These results suggest that the good performance of the doctor-blade OSCs is attributed to a favorable nanoscale phase separation by incorporating 0.6 vol% of 1,8-diiodooctane that prolongs the dynamic drying time of the doctor-bladed active layer and contributes to the migration of ITIC molecules in the drying process. High PCE obtained in the flexible large-area ITO-free doctor-bladed nonfullerene OSCs indicates the feasibility of doctor-blade printing in large-scale fullerene-free OSC manufacturing. For the first time, the open-circuit voltage is increased by 0.1 V when 1 vol% solvent additive is added, due to the vertical segregation of ITIC molecules during solvent evaporation.

    Download full text (pdf)
    fulltext
  • 50.
    Yang, Junyu
    et al.
    Jinan Univ, Peoples R China.
    Lin, Yuanbao
    Jinan Univ, Peoples R China.
    Zheng, Wenhao
    Jinan Univ, Peoples R China.
    Liu, Alei
    Jinan Univ, Peoples R China.
    Cai, Wanzhu
    Jinan Univ, Peoples R China.
    Yu, Xiaomin
    Jinan Univ, Peoples R China.
    Zhang, Fengling
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Biomolecular and Organic Electronics. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering. Jinan Univ, Peoples R China.
    Liang, Quanbin
    South China Univ Technol, Peoples R China.
    Wu, Hongbin
    South China Univ Technol, Peoples R China.
    Qin, Donghuan
    South China Univ Technol, Peoples R China.
    Hou, Lintao
    Jinan Univ, Peoples R China.
    Roll-to-Roll Slot-Die-Printed Polymer Solar Cells by Self-Assembly2018In: ACS Applied Materials and Interfaces, ISSN 1944-8244, E-ISSN 1944-8252, Vol. 10, no 26, p. 22485-22494Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]