The aim of the thesis is to increase knowledge of how literary socialisation through education impacts students’ interaction with a narrative text and how this affects different aspects of literature reception, such as comprehension, interpretation and literary analysis. In this comparative study, Sweden and France are the contexts used as examples. The main empirical material consists of 223 comments on a short story, written by upper secondary school students in the two countries. The students’ texts have been analysed from different perspectives in relation to literary reception theories. The thesis also includes an analysis of education-related aspects that might have an impact on the way students respond to a literary text. The analyses show that when educated in a system inspired by structuralism and formalism, such as the French, the students’ interaction with the literary text is focused mainly on structures and techniques. A focus on stylistic aspects through close readings of the literary text is helpful when trying to understand the plot or the perspective. Another matter is that this system leads to students who stay within the frames that literary education raises. There is also an obvious risk of this leading to a technical reading where there is no room for emotions. When educated in a system as the Swedish, focusing on emotional and experience-based readings, students’ interaction with the literary text gives free rein to their imagination. However, the analyses show that, even though a personal, emotional reading is needed to give life to the story, it might be an obstacle to comprehension. A combination of reading for pleasure, understanding, and analysis seems to be the most efficient way of teaching literature.