entering an era where humans and synthetic agents are supposed to collaborate and cooperate, adequate models of human intent are cru-cial for coordinated teamwork. Unfortunately, although there is a need for such models, the concept of intent is ambiguous and approaches to model intent from a human-centric perspective are scarce. Building upon theoretical and methodological foundations, this study aims to address these gaps by presenting a conceptualisation of intent along-side an approach. specifically, leveraging the six levels of cognitive control outlined in the Joint control Framework, a provisional model of human intent alongside a defined and operationalised concept is presented. Building on these foundations, a novel approach is pro-posed. Utilising seven scenario-based interviews, the value of these contributions is demonstrated through an example case in the context of Manned-Unmanned teaming. it is concluded that intent should be understood as a multi-faceted concept shaped by situated constraints, where intent is formed through a commitment to choices by context-sit-uation and means-end reasoning. it is also concluded that the approach is useful, particularly since it can glean insights from choices considered and committed, both being essential in the design of synthetic team-mates’ capability to adapt to their human partner’s agency.

With advances in artificial intelligence, machine learning, and cognitive modelling, unmanned aircraft are expected to actas human-like wingmen in the near future. For fluent and effective manned–unmanned teaming, synthetic wingmen must beable to account for and adapt to their partners’ intent with little or no communication. To enable such abilities, it becomescrucial to identify the requirements that makes intent explainable to synthetic wingmen, necessitating approaches to describeand analyse intent from a human-centric perspective. To address this issue, this paper reports on findings from using WorkDomain Analysis to design and analyse models of situated intent with six levels of cognitive control (frames, effects, values,generic, implementations, and physical). Through a literature review and seven subject matter expert interviews, a synthesizedmodel was designed to represent fighter pilots’ intent in a manned–unmanned teaming scenario. Using the synthesized modelas the context, a transfer of control and a link loss situation were further described and analysed. Experiences show that WorkDomain Analysis can provide a practical and applicable means to model situated intent, particularly since designed modelscan be re-utilised to model intent in similar situations. Furthermore, the model analyses show the importance of accountingfor fighter pilots’ adopted frames since small variations of the framing of the situations can propagate throughout the modelresulting in conflicting or inconsistent intent. The paper concludes that synthetic wingmen must be able to reason about all six levels of cognitive control, requiring a more holistic approach to make intent explainable.

Vad innebär det att förstå intentioner? Denna fråga är central i resilient teamwork eftersom team-medlemmar måste beakta varandras intentioner i såväl förväntade som oförväntade situationer för att adaptivt koordinera sina handlingar. När vi nu går in i en era där människor och syntetiska agenter ska agera som team-medlemmar, ställs denna fråga på sin spets. Exempelvis förväntas obemannade flygplan agera som människoliknande wingmen inom en snar framtid, vilket kräver att de beaktar och anpassar sig till stridspilotens intentioner i olika sammanhang och situationer med liten eller ingen kommunikation. För att uppnå detta är användbara modeller av stridspiloters intentioner avgörande för att göra det möjligt för syntetiska wingmen att resonera om vad deras partner gör, varför, och vad som kommer att hända härnäst. Tyvärr är begreppet intention ofta tvetydigt och metoder för att modellera intentioner beskrivs sällan. Som ett resultat av detta förlitar sig forskare och praktiker ofta på antaganden om vilka aspekter och delar av intentioner som bör modelleras – och hur man kan närma sig problemet med att modellera intentioner.  

Denna avhandling behandlar vad och hur man kan modellera intentioner från ett människocentrerat perspektiv genom att definiera och operationalisera begreppet intention och föreslå tre nya och kompletterande tillvägagångssätt. Dessutom, genom att tillämpa tillvägagångssätten för att modellera stridspilotintentioner i samband med Manned-Unmanned Teaming, presenteras både metodologiska överväganden vid modellering av intentioner och designimplikationer för framtida tillämpningar.