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  • 1.
    Aalto, Anne
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Medicine and Health Sciences, Radiology. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Dahlqvist Leinhard, Olof
    Linköping University, Center for Medical Image Science and Visualization, CMIV. Linköping University, Department of Medicine and Health Sciences, Radiation Physics. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Jaworski, M
    Gustavsson, M
    Tisell, Anders
    Linköping University, Center for Medical Image Science and Visualization, CMIV. Linköping University, Department of Medicine and Health Sciences, Radiation Physics. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Centre for Surgery, Orthopaedics and Cancer Treatment, Department of Radiation Physics UHL. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Landtblom, Anne-Marie
    Linköping University, Center for Medical Image Science and Visualization, CMIV. Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Psychiatry. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Sinnescentrum, Department of Neurosurgery UHL. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Lundberg, Peter
    Linköping University, Center for Medical Image Science and Visualization, CMIV. Linköping University, Department of Medicine and Health Sciences, Radiation Physics. Linköping University, Department of Medicine and Health Sciences, Radiology. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Centre for Surgery, Orthopaedics and Cancer Treatment, Department of Radiation Physics UHL. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Centre for Diagnostics, Department of Radiology in Linköping. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Smedby, Örjan
    Linköping University, Center for Medical Image Science and Visualization, CMIV. Linköping University, Department of Medicine and Health Sciences, Radiology. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Centre for Diagnostics, Department of Radiology in Linköping. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Effects of Betainterferon treatment in Multiple Sclerosis Studied by Quantitative 1H MRS2009Conference paper (Other academic)
  • 2.
    Boström, Sverre
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Neurosurgery. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Sinnescentrum, Department of Neurosurgery UHL.
    Milos, Peter
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Neurosurgery. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Sinnescentrum, Department of Neurosurgery UHL.
    Theodorsson, Annette
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Clinical Chemistry. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Sinnescentrum, Department of Neurosurgery UHL.
    Bobinski, Lukas
    Department of Neurosurgery, Umeå University Hospital, Umeå.
    A new microsurgical instrument - a suction tube combined with a microdissector2011In: BRITISH JOURNAL OF NEUROSURGERY, ISSN 0268-8697, Vol. 25, no 3, p. 320-321Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    A microsurgical suction tube with an attached ball probe has been developed. It functions as a microdissector when the ball probe is in its extended position, creating a larger working field than an ordinary sucker. When the ball probe is in the repose position, it does not interfere with the suction capacity, and the suction tube serves as a regular sucker. By adding the properties of the microdissector to the suction tube, dissection of exquisitely fine and subtle structures, including arachnoidal membranes, is facilitated. The ball probe is easily dismantled from the suction tube and the whole instrument conveniently cleaned.

  • 3.
    Dahlqvist Leinhard, Olof
    et al.
    Linköping University, Center for Medical Image Science and Visualization, CMIV. Linköping University, Department of Medicine and Health Sciences, Radiation Physics. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Jarowski, J
    Gustavsson, M
    Tisell, Anders
    Linköping University, Center for Medical Image Science and Visualization, CMIV. Linköping University, Department of Medicine and Health Sciences, Radiation Physics. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Centre for Surgery, Orthopaedics and Cancer Treatment, Department of Radiation Physics UHL.
    Gladigau, D
    Landtblom, Anne-Marie
    Linköping University, Center for Medical Image Science and Visualization, CMIV. Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Psychiatry. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Sinnescentrum, Department of Neurosurgery UHL.
    Lundberg, Peter
    Linköping University, Center for Medical Image Science and Visualization, CMIV. Linköping University, Department of Medicine and Health Sciences, Radiation Physics. Linköping University, Department of Medicine and Health Sciences, Radiology. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Centre for Surgery, Orthopaedics and Cancer Treatment, Department of Radiation Physics UHL. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Centre for Diagnostics, Department of Radiology in Linköping. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Betainterferon treatment: Absolute quantification of white matter metabolites in patients with multiple sclerosis2008Conference paper (Other academic)
  • 4.
    Diczfalusy, Elin
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Biomedical Instrumentation. Linköping University, The Institute of Technology.
    Dizdar (Dizdar Segrell), Nil
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Neurology. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Local Health Care Services in Central Östergötland, Department of Neurology.
    Zsigmond, Peter
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Neurosurgery. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Anaesthetics, Operations and Specialty Surgery Center, Department of Neurosurgery.
    Kullman, Anita
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Clinical Chemistry. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Loyd, Dan
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Applied Thermodynamics and Fluid Mechanics. Linköping University, The Institute of Technology.
    Wårdell, Karin
    Linköping University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Biomedical Instrumentation. Linköping University, The Institute of Technology.
    Simulations and visualizations for interpretation of brain microdialysis data during deep brain stimulation2012In: IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC), 2012, IEEE , 2012, p. 6438-6441Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Microdialysis of the basal ganglia was used in parallel to deep brain stimulation (DBS) for patients with Parkinson’s disease. The aim of this study was to patientspecifically simulate and visualize the maximum tissue volume of influence (TVImax) for each microdialysis catheter and the electric field generated around each DBS electrode. The finite element method (FEM) was used for the simulations. The method allowed mapping of the anatomical origin of the microdialysis data and the electric stimulation for each patient. It  was seen that the sampling and stimulation targets differed among the patients, and the results will therefore be used in the future interpretation of the biochemical data.

  • 5.
    Diczfalusy, Elin
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Biomedical Instrumentation. Linköping University, The Institute of Technology.
    Zsigmond, Peter
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Neurosurgery. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Anaesthetics, Operations and Specialty Surgery Center, Department of Neurosurgery.
    Dizdar (Dizdar Segrell), Nil
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Neurology. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Local Health Care Services in Central Östergötland, Department of Neurology.
    Kullman, Anita
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Clinical Chemistry. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Loyd, Dan
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Applied Thermodynamics and Fluid Mechanics. Linköping University, The Institute of Technology.
    Wårdell, Karin
    Linköping University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Biomedical Instrumentation. Linköping University, The Institute of Technology.
    A model for simulation and patient-specific visualization of the tissue volume of influence during brain microdialysis2011In: Medical and Biological Engineering and Computing, ISSN 0140-0118, E-ISSN 1741-0444, Vol. 49, no 12, p. 1459-1469Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Microdialysis can be used in parallel to deep brain stimulation (DBS) to relate biochemical changes to the clinical outcome. The aim of the study was to use the finite element method to predict the tissue volume of influence (TVI(max)) and its cross-sectional radius (r (TVImax)) when using brain microdialysis, and visualize the TVI(max) in relation to patient anatomy. An equation based on Fick's law was used to simulate the TVI(max). Factorial design and regression analysis were used to investigate the impact of the diffusion coefficient, tortuosity and loss rate on the r (TVImax). A calf brain tissue experiment was performed to further evaluate these parameters. The model was implemented with pre-(MRI) and post-(CT) operative patient images for simulation of the TVI(max) for four patients undergoing microdialysis in parallel to DBS. Using physiologically relevant parameter values, the r (TVImax) for analytes with a diffusion coefficient D = 7.5 × 10(-6) cm(2)/s was estimated to 0.85 ± 0.25 mm. The simulations showed agreement with experimental data. Due to an implanted gold thread, the catheter positions were visible in the post-operative images. The TVI(max) was visualized for each catheter. The biochemical changes could thereby be related to their anatomical origin, facilitating interpretation of results.

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  • 6.
    Dizdar (Dizdar Segrell), Nil
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Neurology. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Local Health Care Services in Central Östergötland, Department of Neurology.
    Zsigmond, Peter
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Neurosurgery. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Anaesthetics, Operations and Specialty Surgery Center, Department of Neurosurgery.
    Kullman, Anita
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Clinical Chemistry. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Nezirevic, Dzeneta
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Clinical Chemistry. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Center for Diagnostics, Department of Clinical Chemistry.
    Letter: Untitled2013In: Journal of Neuroscience Methods, ISSN 0165-0270, E-ISSN 1872-678X, Vol. 212, no 2, p. 363-363Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    n/a

  • 7.
    Eneling, J
    et al.
    Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Sinnescentrum, Department of Neurosurgery UHL.
    Boström, Sverre
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Neurosurgery. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Sinnescentrum, Department of Neurosurgery UHL.
    Rossitti, Sandro
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Editorial Material: Subarachnoid Hemorrhage-associated Arachnoiditis and Syringomyelia2012In: CLINICAL NEURORADIOLOGY, ISSN 1869-1439, Vol. 22, no 2, p. 169-173Article in journal (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    n/a

  • 8.
    Engström, Maria
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Radiology. Linköping University, Center for Medical Image Science and Visualization, CMIV. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Flensner, Gullvi
    Linköping University, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Nursing Science. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Landtblom, Anne-Marie
    Linköping University, Center for Medical Image Science and Visualization, CMIV. Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Psychiatry. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Sinnescentrum, Department of Neurosurgery UHL.
    Ek, Anna-Christina
    Linköping University, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Nursing Science. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Local Health Care Services in Central Östergötland, Department of Acute Health Care.
    Karlsson, Thomas
    Linköping University, Department of Behavioural Sciences and Learning. Linköping University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences.
    Fatigue and cognitive effort in multiple sclerosis: an fMRI study2011Conference paper (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    Despite recent advances in therapy and diagnosis, fatigue remains a mayor challenge in multiple sclerosis (MS).  To further the understanding of the neural underpinnings of fatigue, we undertook a study using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to investigate neural networks that may be affected by MS-related fatigue. Twelve MS patients and 12 age- and sex matched controls were administered the Fatigue Impact Scale (FIS) to assess clinically significant fatigue, and underwent a neuropsychological examination. The participants performed a working memory task (Daneman’s  ‘Reading Span’ task) while being monitored by means of a 1.5 T Philips Achieva MR scanner. We have previously shown that this task triggers an executive network comprising frontal and parietal areas typically involved in working memory. In addition, the task engages a core network involving the anterior insula and the anterior cingulate cortex.  This latter network may be implicated in allocation of mental resources and monitoring of the present state of the individual. There were two main findings. MS participants evidenced less activation than controls in the anterior cingulate and the left parietal cortex (Brodmann area 7) and more activation in left hemisphere language areas as well as the anterior insula. The second main finding was that clinical ratings of fatigue were strongly correlated with activity in wide areas of the core network, as well as posterior language areas. We take this finding to indicate that fatigue is related to compensatory involvement of the core network, and that excess activity in the core network possibly could be used as an objective marker of fatigue in MS.

  • 9.
    Engström, Maria
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Radiology. Linköping University, Center for Medical Image Science and Visualization, CMIV. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Flensner, Gullvi
    Linköping University, Department of Medical and Health Sciences. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Landtblom, Anne-Marie
    Linköping University, Center for Medical Image Science and Visualization, CMIV. Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Psychiatry. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Sinnescentrum, Department of Neurosurgery UHL.
    Karlsson, Thomas
    Linköping University, Department of Behavioural Sciences and Learning, Cognition, Development and Disability. Linköping University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences.
    Aberrant brain activation in the core control network for cognitive function in MS2011Conference paper (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate if patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) and fatigue have aberrant brain activation in the anterior insular cortex (AIC) and the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), which are regions in the brain that are suggested to be a core network for cognitive control (Cole and Schneider, 2007; Sridharan et al., 2008).

     Materials and Methods: Twelve patients with MS and eleven healthy controls were examined with functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) while performing a complex working memory task. The task was to indicate if words presented in video goggles had appeared in previously presented sentences. Axial blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) images were analyzed with SPM8 software. Images were realigned for movement correction, normalised to standard brain template, and smoothed with 8mm Gaussian kernel. We used a parametric contrast that tapped brain activation as a function of difficulty level of the task, i.e. words presented after 1, 2, 3, or 4 consecutive sentences.

    Results: Healthy controls elicited more activation in the left superior parietal lobe (p<0.001 family wise error (FWE) corrected for multiple comparisons), the right caudate head (p=0.002), and ACC (p=0.004) compared to MS patients. The MS patients had more activity in the left and right inferior parietal lobe (p=0.001 and p=0.029, respectively). In addition, in a region of interest analysis the MS patients had more activation in the left dorsal and ventral AIC (p=0.011 and p=0.009, respectively). The figure shows brain activation at working memory across both healthy controls and MS.

     Conclusion: MS patients elicited, as predicted, aberrant activation in the AIC-ACC network in that they had activation depletion in ACC and increased activity in the left AIC. It has recently been proposed that the AIC engenders awareness and the ACC engenders volitional action (Craig, 2009). The abnormal activation in this region could therefore explain the frequent symptoms of fatigue and cognitive impairment in MS.

     Clinical Relevance statement: Cognitive impairment occurs in 40-70% of individuals with MS and the patophysiology is unknown. Increased knowledge might contribute to novel strategies for symptomatic treatment.

  • 10.
    Engström, Maria
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Medicine and Health Sciences, Radiology. Linköping University, Center for Medical Image Science and Visualization, CMIV. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Tisell, Anders
    Linköping University, Center for Medical Image Science and Visualization, CMIV. Linköping University, Department of Medicine and Health Sciences, Radiation Physics. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Centre for Surgery, Orthopaedics and Cancer Treatment, Department of Radiation Physics UHL. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Dahlqvist Leinhard, Olof
    Linköping University, Center for Medical Image Science and Visualization, CMIV. Linköping University, Department of Medicine and Health Sciences, Radiation Physics. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Karlsson, T
    Vigren, P
    Lundberg, Peter
    Linköping University, Center for Medical Image Science and Visualization, CMIV. Linköping University, Department of Medicine and Health Sciences, Radiation Physics. Linköping University, Department of Medicine and Health Sciences, Radiology. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Centre for Surgery, Orthopaedics and Cancer Treatment, Department of Radiation Physics UHL. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Centre for Diagnostics, Department of Radiology in Linköping.
    Landtblom, Anne-Marie
    Linköping University, Center for Medical Image Science and Visualization, CMIV. Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Psychiatry. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Sinnescentrum, Department of Neurosurgery UHL. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Kleine-Levin Syndrom (KLS) – A bipolar disorder?2009Conference paper (Other academic)
  • 11.
    Haj-Hosseini, Neda
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Biomedical Instrumentation. Linköping University, The Institute of Technology.
    Richter, Johan
    Linköping University, Department of Biomedical Engineering. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Anaesthetics, Operations and Specialty Surgery Center, Department of Neurosurgery.
    Olivecrona, Magnus
    Department of Neurosurgery, Umeå University.
    Hillman, Jan
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Neurosurgery. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Anaesthetics, Operations and Specialty Surgery Center, Department of Neurosurgery.
    Hallbeck, Martin
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Experimental Pathology. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Center for Diagnostics, Department of Clinical Pathology and Clinical Genetics.
    Wårdell, Karin
    Linköping University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Biomedical Instrumentation. Linköping University, The Institute of Technology.
    Fluorescence guided spectroscopy versus fluorescence microscopy for brain tumor resection2013Conference paper (Other academic)
  • 12.
    Haj-Hosseini, Neda
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Biomedical Instrumentation. Linköping University, The Institute of Technology.
    Richter, Johan
    Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Anaesthetics, Operations and Specialty Surgery Center, Department of Neurosurgery. Linköping University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Biomedical Instrumentation.
    Wårdell, Karin
    Linköping University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Biomedical Instrumentation. Linköping University, The Institute of Technology.
    Fluorescence spectroscopy for ALA-guided glioblastoma resection using a fiber-optical probe2012Conference paper (Refereed)
  • 13.
    Haj-Hosseini, Neda
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Biomedical Instrumentation. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Richter, Johan
    Linköping University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Biomedical Instrumentation. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Anaesthetics, Operations and Specialty Surgery Center, Department of Neurosurgery.
    Wårdell, Karin
    Linköping University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Biomedical Instrumentation. Linköping University, The Institute of Technology.
    Quantitative ALA photodiagnostics in Neurosurgery2014Conference paper (Other academic)
  • 14.
    Hemm, Simone
    et al.
    Institute for Medical and Analytical Technologies (IMA), FHNW, Switzerland.
    Richter, Johan C.O.
    Linköping University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Biomedical Instrumentation. Linköping University, The Institute of Technology. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Anaesthetics, Operations and Specialty Surgery Center, Department of Neurosurgery.
    Zsigmond, Peter
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Neurosurgery. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Anaesthetics, Operations and Specialty Surgery Center, Department of Neurosurgery.
    Wårdell, Karin
    Linköping University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Biomedical Instrumentation. Linköping University, The Institute of Technology.
    Optical measurements for guidance during deep brain stimulation implantation2011Conference paper (Refereed)
  • 15.
    Hemm, Simone
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Biomedical Instrumentation. Linköping University, The Institute of Technology.
    Zsigmond, Peter
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Neurosurgery. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Anaesthetics, Operations and Specialty Surgery Center, Department of Neurosurgery.
    Richter, Johan
    Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Reconstruction Centre, Department of Neurosurgery UHL. Linköping University, Department of Biomedical Engineering.
    Wårdell, Karin
    Linköping University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Biomedical Instrumentation.
    Laser doppler for guidance during DBS-typical optical trajectories toward Vim and STN2012Conference paper (Other academic)
  • 16.
    Ingberg, Edvin
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Clinical Chemistry. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Theodorsson, Annette
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Clinical Chemistry. Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Neurosurgery. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Anaesthetics, Operations and Specialty Surgery Center, Department of Neurosurgery.
    Theodorsson, Elvar
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Clinical Chemistry. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Center for Diagnostics, Department of Clinical Chemistry.
    Ström, Jakob O
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Clinical Chemistry. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Methods for long-term 17β-estradiol administration to mice2012In: General and Comparative Endocrinology, ISSN 0016-6480, E-ISSN 1095-6840, Vol. 175, no 1, p. 188-193Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Rodent models constitute a cornerstone in the elucidation of the effects and biological mechanisms of 17β-estradiol. However, a thorough assessment of the methods for long-term administration of 17β-estradiol to mice is lacking. The fact that 17β-estradiol has been demonstrated to exert different effects depending on dose emphasizes the need for validated administration regimens. Therefore, 169 female C57BL/6 mice were ovariectomized and administered 17β-estradiol using one of the two commonly used subcutaneous methods; slow-release pellets (0.18 mg, 60-day release pellets; 0.72 mg, 90-day release pellets) and silastic capsules (with/without convalescence period, silastic laboratory tubing, inner/outer diameter: 1.575/3.175 mm, filled with a 14 mm column of 36 μg 17β-estradiol/mL sesame oil), or a novel peroral method (56 μg 17β-estradiol/day/kg body weight in the hazelnut cream Nutella). Forty animals were used as ovariectomized and intact controls. Serum samples were obtained weekly for five weeks and 17β-estradiol concentrations were measured using radioimmunoassay. The peroral method resulted in steady concentrations within – except on one occasion – the physiological range and the silastic capsules produced predominantly physiological concentrations, although exceeding the range by maximum a factor three during the first three weeks. The 0.18 mg pellet yielded initial concentrations an order of magnitude higher than the physiological range, which then decreased drastically, and the 0.72 mg pellet produced between 18 and 40 times higher concentrations than the physiological range during the entire experiment. The peroral method and silastic capsules described in this article constitute reliable modes of administration of 17β-estradiol, superior to the widely used commercial pellets.

  • 17.
    Isaksson, Ida-Maria
    et al.
    Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Center for Diagnostics, Department of Clinical Chemistry. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Theodorsson, Annette
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Clinical Chemistry. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Anaesthetics, Operations and Specialty Surgery Center, Department of Neurosurgery.
    Theodorsson, Elvar
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Clinical Chemistry. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Center for Diagnostics, Department of Clinical Chemistry.
    Ström, Jakob
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Clinical Chemistry. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Methods for 17 beta-oestradiol administration to rats2011In: Scandinavian Journal of Clinical and Laboratory Investigation, ISSN 0036-5513, E-ISSN 1502-7686, Vol. 71, no 7, p. 583-592Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Several studies indicate that the beneficial or harmful effects of oestrogens in stroke are dose-dependent. Rats are amongst the most frequently used animals in these studies, which calls for thoroughly validated methods for administering 17 beta-oestradiol to rats. In an earlier study we characterised three different administration methods for 17 beta-oestradiol over 42 days. The present study assesses the concentrations in a short time perspective, with the addition of a novel peroral method. Female Sprague-Dawley rats were ovariectomised and administered 17 beta-oestradiol by subcutaneous injections, silastic capsules, pellets and orally (in the nut-cream Nutella (R)), respectively. One group received 17 beta-oestradiol by silastic capsules without previous washout time. Blood samples were obtained after 30 minutes, 1, 2, 4, 8, 12, 24, 48 and 168 hours and serum 17 beta-oestradiol (and oestrone sulphate in some samples) was subsequently analysed. For long-term characterisation, one group treated perorally was blood sampled after 2, 7, 14, 21, 28, 35 and 42 days. At sacrifice, uterine horns were weighed and subcutaneous tissue samples were taken for histological assessment. The pellets, silastic capsule and injection groups produced serum 17 beta-oestradiol concentrations that were initially several orders of magnitude higher than physiological levels, while the peroral groups had 17 beta-oestradiol levels that were within the physiological range during the entire experiment. The peroral method is a promising option for administering 17 beta-oestradiol if physiological levels or similarity to womens oral hormone therapy are desired. Uterine weights were found to be a very crude measure of oestrogen exposure.

  • 18. Jaworski, J
    et al.
    Dahlqvist Leinhard, Olof
    Linköping University, Center for Medical Image Science and Visualization, CMIV. Linköping University, Department of Medicine and Health Sciences, Radiation Physics. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Lundberg, Peter
    Linköping University, Center for Medical Image Science and Visualization, CMIV. Linköping University, Department of Medicine and Health Sciences, Radiation Physics. Linköping University, Department of Medicine and Health Sciences, Radiology. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Centre for Surgery, Orthopaedics and Cancer Treatment, Department of Radiation Physics UHL. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Centre for Diagnostics, Department of Radiology in Linköping. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Gladigau, D
    Gustafsson, M C
    Landtblom, Anne-Marie
    Linköping University, Center for Medical Image Science and Visualization, CMIV. Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Psychiatry. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Sinnescentrum, Department of Neurosurgery UHL. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Follow-up of absolute metabolite concentrations using MR spectroscopy in MS patients with interferon-b treatment2008Conference paper (Other academic)
  • 19.
    Julow, J.
    et al.
    Department of Neurosurgery, St. John's Hospital, Budapest, Hungary, St. John's Hospital, Department of Neurosurgery, Diósárok út 1, H-1125 Budapest, Hungary.
    Backlund, E.-O.
    Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Sinnescentrum, Department of Neurosurgery UHL.
    Lanyi, F.
    Lányi, F., National Institute of Neurosurgery, Budapest, Hungary.
    Hajda, M.
    National Institute of Neurosurgery, Budapest, Hungary.
    Balint, K.
    Bálint, K., National Institute of Neurosurgery, Budapest, Hungary.
    Nyary, I.
    Nyáry, I., National Institute of Neurosurgery, Budapest, Hungary.
    Szeifert, G.T.
    National Institute of Neurosurgery, Budapest, Hungary.
    Long-term results and late complications after intracavitary yttrium-90 colloid irradiation of recurrent cystic craniopharyngiomas2007In: Neurosurgery, ISSN 0148-396X, E-ISSN 1524-4040, Vol. 61, no 2, p. 288-295Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    OBJECTIVE: Data were analyzed to assess the value of stereotactically applied intracystic colloidal yttrium-90 (YTx) for the treatment of recurrent cystic craniopharyngiomas during a 30-year period. METHODS: This article compares data from 73 YTx procedures in 60 patients between 1975 and 2006. The cumulative beta dose aimed at the inner surface of the cyst wall was 300 Gy. RESULTS: After YTx, the initial cyst volumes decreased an average of 79%. In 47, the reduction was more than 80%, in 27 of them, the cyst disappeared completely within 1 year. The mean survival after YTx was 9.4 years (range, 0.7-30 yr). Actuarial survival rates at 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, and 30 years were 81, 61, 45, 18, 2, and 0%, respectively. Late complications of YTx were related to the anatomic localization of the cyst, either presellar and retrosellar, e.g., a presellar (prechiasmatic/suprasellar) localization caused neuro-ophthalmological complications in 5.8% and internal carotid artery injury in 1.6%. The treatment of retrosellar (retrochiasmatic, suprasellar) tumors occasionally induced hypothalamic and/or pontomesencephalothalamic damage obviously by untoward radiation to the so-called perforating arteries. This occurred in 3.2% of these latter patients. CONCLUSION: Despite sporadic complications, intracavitary YTx irradiation is a valuable treatment alternative for craniopharyngioma cysts, sometimes as part of a multimodality management in these tumors, especially in precarious surgical cases. Copyright © by the Congress of Neurological Surgeons.

  • 20.
    Maria Marreiros, Filipe Miguel
    et al.
    Linköping University, Center for Medical Image Science and Visualization (CMIV). Linköping University, Department of Science and Technology, Media and Information Technology. Linköping University, The Institute of Technology.
    Rossitti, Sandro
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Anaesthetics, Operations and Specialty Surgery Center, Department of Neurosurgery.
    Gustafsson, Torbjörn
    XM Reality Research AB, Linköping, Sweden.
    Carleberg, Per
    XM Reality Research AB, Linköping, Sweden.
    Smedby, Örjan
    Linköping University, Center for Medical Image Science and Visualization (CMIV). Linköping University, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Division of Radiological Sciences. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Center for Diagnostics, Department of Radiology in Linköping.
    Multi-view 3D vessel tracking using near-infrared cameras2014In: Proceedings of the 27th International Congress and Exhibition on Computer Assisted Radiology and Surgery: Image Processing and Visualization, Springer, 2014, p. S165-S165Conference paper (Other academic)
  • 21.
    Maria Marreiros, Filipe Miguel
    et al.
    Linköping University, Center for Medical Image Science and Visualization (CMIV). Linköping University, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Division of Radiological Sciences. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences.
    Rossitti, Sandro
    Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Anaesthetics, Operations and Specialty Surgery Center, Department of Neurosurgery. Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of Neuro and Inflammation Science. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences.
    Karlsson, Per
    Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Anaesthetics, Operations and Specialty Surgery Center, Department of Neurosurgery.
    Wang, Chunliang
    Linköping University, Center for Medical Image Science and Visualization (CMIV). Royal Institute of Technology, School of Technology and Health, Alfred Nobels Allé 10, Huddinge.
    Gustafsson, Torbjörn
    XM Reality AB, Linköping, Sweden.
    Carleberg, Per
    XM Reality AB, Linköping, Sweden.
    Smedby, Örjan
    Linköping University, Center for Medical Image Science and Visualization (CMIV). Linköping University, Department of Science and Technology, Media and Information Technology. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering. Linköping University, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Division of Radiological Sciences. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Region Östergötland, Center for Diagnostics, Department of Radiology in Linköping. Royal Institute of Technology, School of Technology and Health, Alfred Nobels Allé 10, Huddinge .
    Superficial vessel reconstruction with a multiview camera system2016In: Journal of Medical Imaging, ISSN 2329-4302, E-ISSN 2329-4310, Vol. 3, no 1, p. 015001-1-015001-13Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    We aim at reconstructing superficial vessels of the brain. Ultimately, they will serve to guide the deformationmethods to compensate for the brain shift. A pipeline for three-dimensional (3-D) vessel reconstructionusing three mono-complementary metal-oxide semiconductor cameras has been developed. Vessel centerlinesare manually selected in the images. Using the properties of the Hessian matrix, the centerline points areassigned direction information. For correspondence matching, a combination of methods was used. The processstarts with epipolar and spatial coherence constraints (geometrical constraints), followed by relaxation labelingand an iterative filtering where the 3-D points are compared to surfaces obtained using the thin-plate spline withdecreasing relaxation parameter. Finally, the points are shifted to their local centroid position. Evaluation invirtual, phantom, and experimental images, including intraoperative data from patient experiments, showsthat, with appropriate camera positions, the error estimates (root-mean square error and mean error) are∼1 mm.

  • 22.
    Maria Marreiros, Filipe Miguel
    et al.
    Linköping University, Center for Medical Image Science and Visualization (CMIV). Linköping University, Department of Science and Technology, Media and Information Technology. Linköping University, The Institute of Technology. Linköping University, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Division of Radiological Sciences. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Rossitti, Sandro
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Anaesthetics, Operations and Specialty Surgery Center, Department of Neurosurgery.
    Wang, Chunliang
    Linköping University, Center for Medical Image Science and Visualization (CMIV). Linköping University, Department of Science and Technology, Media and Information Technology. Linköping University, The Institute of Technology. Linköping University, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Division of Radiological Sciences. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Smedby, Örjan
    Linköping University, Center for Medical Image Science and Visualization (CMIV). Linköping University, Department of Science and Technology, Media and Information Technology. Linköping University, The Institute of Technology. Linköping University, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Division of Radiological Sciences. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Center for Diagnostics, Department of Radiology in Linköping.
    Non-rigid Deformation Pipeline for Compensation of Superficial Brain Shift2013In: Medical Image Computing and Computer-Assisted Intervention, MICCAI 2013: 16th International Conference, Nagoya, Japan, September 22-26, 2013, Proceedings, Part II, Springer Berlin/Heidelberg, 2013, p. 141-148Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The correct visualization of anatomical structures is a critical component of neurosurgical navigation systems, to guide the surgeon to the areas of interest as well as to avoid brain damage. A major challenge for neuronavigation systems is the brain shift, or deformation of the exposed brain in comparison to preoperative Magnetic Resonance (MR) image sets. In this work paper, a non-rigid deformation pipeline is proposed for brain shift compensation of preoperative imaging datasets using superficial blood vessels as landmarks. The input was preoperative and intraoperative 3D image sets of superficial vessel centerlines. The intraoperative vessels (obtained using 3 Near-Infrared cameras) were registered and aligned with preoperative Magnetic Resonance Angiography vessel centerlines using manual interaction for the rigid transformation and, for the non-rigid transformation, the non-rigid point set registration method Coherent Point Drift. The rigid registration transforms the intraoperative points from the camera coordinate system to the preoperative MR coordinate system, and the non-rigid registration deals with local transformations in the MR coordinate system. Finally, the generation of a new deformed volume is achieved with the Thin-Plate Spline (TPS) method using as control points the matches in the MR coordinate system found in the previous step. The method was tested in a rabbit brain exposed via craniotomy, where deformations were produced by a balloon inserted into the brain. There was a good correlation between the real state of the brain and the deformed volume obtained using the pipeline. Maximum displacements were approximately 4.0 mm for the exposed brain alone, and 6.7 mm after balloon inflation.

  • 23.
    Maria Marreiros, Filipe Miguel
    et al.
    Linköping University, Center for Medical Image Science and Visualization (CMIV). Linköping University, Department of Science and Technology, Media and Information Technology. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering. Linköping University, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Division of Radiological Sciences. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences.
    Wang, Chunliang
    Linköping University, Center for Medical Image Science and Visualization (CMIV). Royal Institute of Technology (KTH), School of Technology and Health, Huddinge, Sweden.
    Rossitti, Sandro
    Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Anaesthetics, Operations and Specialty Surgery Center, Department of Neurosurgery.
    Smedby, Örjan
    Linköping University, Center for Medical Image Science and Visualization (CMIV). Linköping University, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Division of Radiological Sciences. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Region Östergötland, Center for Diagnostics, Department of Radiology in Linköping. Royal Institute of Technology (KTH), School of Technology and Health, Huddinge, Sweden.
    Non-rigid point set registration of curves: registration of the superficial vessel centerlines of the brain2016In: Medical Imaging 2016: Image-Guided Procedures, Robotic Interventions, and Modeling, SPIE - International Society for Optical Engineering, 2016, Vol. 9786, p. 8p. 978611-1-978611-8Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    In this study we present a non-rigid point set registration for 3D curves (composed by 3D set of points). Themethod was evaluated in the task of registration of 3D superficial vessels of the brain where it was used to matchvessel centerline points. It consists of a combination of the Coherent Point Drift (CPD) and the Thin-PlateSpline (TPS) semilandmarks. The CPD is used to perform the initial matching of centerline 3D points, whilethe semilandmark method iteratively relaxes/slides the points.

    For the evaluation, a Magnetic Resonance Angiography (MRA) dataset was used. Deformations were appliedto the extracted vessels centerlines to simulate brain bulging and sinking, using a TPS deformation where afew control points were manipulated to obtain the desired transformation (T1). Once the correspondences areknown, the corresponding points are used to define a new TPS deformation(T2). The errors are measured in thedeformed space, by transforming the original points using T1 and T2 and measuring the distance between them.To simulate cases where the deformed vessel data is incomplete, parts of the reference vessels were cut and thendeformed. Furthermore, anisotropic normally distributed noise was added.

    The results show that the error estimates (root mean square error and mean error) are below 1 mm, even inthe presence of noise and incomplete data.

  • 24.
    Mellergard, Pekka
    et al.
    Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Sinnescentrum, Department of Neurosurgery UHL.
    Sjögren, Florence
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Dermatology and Venerology. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Heart and Medicine Centre, Department of Dermatology and Venerology in Östergötland.
    Hillman, Jan
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Neurosurgery. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Sinnescentrum, Department of Neurosurgery UHL.
    The Cerebral Extracellular Release of Glycerol, Glutamate, and FGF2 Is Increased in Older Patients following Severe Traumatic Brain Injury2012In: Journal of Neurotrauma, ISSN 0897-7151, E-ISSN 1557-9042, Vol. 29, no 1, p. 112-118Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Old age is associated with a poor recovery from traumatic brain injury (TBI). In a retrospective study we investigated if the biochemical response following TBI is age dependent. Extracellular fluids were continuously sampled by microdialysis in 69 patients admitted to our NSICU following severe TBI. The concentrations of glycerol, glutamate, lactate, pyruvate, and eight different cytokines (IL-1 beta, IL-6, IL-10, IL-8, MIP-1 beta, RANTES, FGF2, and VEGF) were determined by fluorescence multiplex bead technology. Patients in the oldest age group (andgt;= 65 years) had significantly higher microdialysate concentrations of glycerol and glutamate compared to younger patients: the mean microdialysate concentration of glycerol increased from 55.9 mu mol/L (25-44 year) to 252 mu mol/L (andgt;= 65 years; p andlt; 0.0001); similarly glutamate increased from 15.8 mmol/L to 92.2 mmol/L (p andlt; 0.0001). The lactate-pyruvate ratio was also significantly higher in the patients andgt;= 65 years of age (63.9) compared with all the other age groups. The patterns of cytokine responses varied. For some cytokines (IL-1b, IL-10, and IL-8) there were no differences between age groups, while for others (MIP-1b, RANTES, VEGF, and IL-6) some differences were observed, but with no clear correlation with increasing age. For FGF2 the mean microdialysate concentration was 43 pg/mL in patients andgt;= 65 years old, significantly higher compared to all other age groups (p andlt; 0.0001). Increased concentrations of glycerol and glutamate would indicate more extensive damaging processes in the elderly. An increase in concentration of FGF2 could serve a protective function, but could also be related to a dysregulation of the timing in the cellular response in elderly patients.

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  • 25.
    Mellergård, Pekka
    et al.
    Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Reconstruction Centre, Department of Neurosurgery UHL.
    Åneman, Oscar
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Neurosurgery. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Sjögren, Florence
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Dermatology and Venerology. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Heart and Medicine Centre, Department of Dermatology and Venerology in Östergötland.
    Säberg, Carina
    Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Sinnescentrum, Department of Neurosurgery UHL.
    Hillman, Jan
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Neurosurgery. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Reconstruction Centre, Department of Neurosurgery UHL.
    Differences in Cerebral Extracellular Response of Interleukin-1 beta, Interleukin-6, and Interleukin-10 After Subarachnoid Hemorrhage or Severe Head Trauma in Humans2011In: NEUROSURGERY, ISSN 0148-396X, Vol. 68, no 1, p. 12-19Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    BACKGROUND: Microdialysis has become a routine method for biochemical surveillance of patients in neurosurgical intensive care units. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the intracerebral extracellular levels of 3 interleukins (ILs) during the 7 days after major subarachnoid hemorrhage or traumatic brain injury). METHODS: Microdialysate from 145 severely injured neurosurgical intensive care unit patients (88 with subarachnoid hemorrhage, 57 with traumatic brain injury) was collected every 6 hours for 7 days. The concentrations of IL-1 beta and IL-6 were determined by fluorescence multiplex bead technology, and IL-10 was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS: Presented are the response patterns of 3 ILs during the first week after 2 different types of major brain injury. These patterns are different for each IL and also differ with respect to the kind of pathological impact. For both IL-1 beta and IL-6, the initial peaks (mean values for all patients at day 2 being 26.9 +/- 4.5 and 4399 +/- 848 pg/mL, respectively) were followed by a gradual decline, with IL-6 values remaining 100-fold higher compared with IL-1 beta. Female patients showed a stronger and more sustained response. The response of IL-10 was different, with mean values less than 23 pg/mL and with no significant variation between any of the postimpact days. For all 3 ILs, the responses were stronger in subarachnoid hemorrhage patients. The study also indicates that under normal conditions, IL-1 beta, IL-6, and IL-10 are present only at very low concentrations or not at all in the extracellular space of the human brain. CONCLUSION: This is the first report presenting in some detail the human cerebral response of IL-1 beta, IL-6, and IL-10 after subarachnoid hemorrhage and traumatic brain injury. The 3 ILs have different reaction patterns, with the response of IL-1 beta and IL-6 being related to the type of cerebral damage sustained, whereas the IL-10 response was less varied.

  • 26.
    Neselius, Sanna
    et al.
    Sahlgrens University Hospital, Sweden University of Gothenburg, Sweden .
    Brisby, Helena
    Sahlgrens University Hospital, Sweden University of Gothenburg, Sweden .
    Theodorsson, Annette
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Clinical Chemistry. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Sinnescentrum, Department of Neurosurgery UHL.
    Blennow, Kaj
    Sahlgrens University Hospital, Sweden University of Gothenburg, Sweden .
    Zetterberg, Henrik
    Sahlgrens University Hospital, Sweden University of Gothenburg, Sweden .
    Marcusson, Jan
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Geriatric. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Local Health Care Services in Central Östergötland, Department of Geriatric Medicine.
    CSF-Biomarkers in Olympic Boxing: Diagnosis and Effects of Repetitive Head Trauma2012In: PLOS ONE, E-ISSN 1932-6203, Vol. 7, no 4Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Background: Sports-related head trauma is common but still there is no established laboratory test used in the diagnostics of minimal or mild traumatic brain injuries. Further the effects of recurrent head trauma on brain injury markers are unknown. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between Olympic (amateur) boxing and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) brain injury biomarkers. Methods: The study was designed as a prospective cohort study. Thirty Olympic boxers with a minimum of 45 bouts and 25 non-boxing matched controls were included in the study. CSF samples were collected by lumbar puncture 1-6 days after a bout and after a rest period for at least 14 days. The controls were tested once. Biomarkers for acute and chronic brain injury were analysed. Results: NFL (mean +/- SD, 5326 +/- 553 vs 135 +/- 51 ng/L p = 0.001), GFAP (496 +/- 238 vs 247 +/- 147 ng/L pless than0.001), T-tau (58 +/- 26 vs 49 +/- 21 ng/L pless than0.025) and S-100B (0.76 +/- 0.29 vs 0.60 +/- 0.23 ng/L p = 0.03) concentrations were significantly increased after boxing compared to controls. NFL (402 +/- 434 ng/L p = 0.004) and GFAP (369 +/- 113 ng/L p = 0.001) concentrations remained elevated after the rest period. Conclusion: Increased CSF levels of T-tau, NFL, GFAP, and S-100B in greater than80% of the boxers demonstrate that both the acute and the cumulative effect of head trauma in Olympic boxing may induce CSF biomarker changes that suggest minor central nervous injuries. The lack of normalization of NFL and GFAP after the rest period in a subgroup of boxers may indicate ongoing degeneration. The recurrent head trauma in boxing may be associated with increased risk of chronic traumatic brain injury.

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  • 27.
    Paues, Jakob
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Cell Biology. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Heart and Medicine Center, Department of Infectious Diseases.
    Ström, Jakob
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Clinical Chemistry. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Eriksson, Lars
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Infectious Diseases. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Heart and Medicine Center, Department of Infectious Diseases.
    Theodorsson, Annette
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Neurosurgery. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Anaesthetics, Operations and Specialty Surgery Center, Department of Neurosurgery.
    Tuberculous meningitis with positive cell-count in lumbar puncture CSF though negative cell-count from ventricular drainage CSF2011In: Journal of Infection, ISSN 0163-4453, E-ISSN 1532-2742, Vol. 62, no 5, p. 404-405Article in journal (Other academic)
  • 28.
    Peolsson, Anneli
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Division of Physiotherapy. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Öberg, Birgitta
    Linköping University, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Division of Physiotherapy. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Wibault, Johanna
    Linköping University, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Division of Physiotherapy. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Dedering, Åsa
    Karolinska University Hospital and Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Zsigmond, Peter
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of Neuroscience. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Anaesthetics, Operations and Specialty Surgery Center, Department of Neurosurgery.
    Bernfort, Lars
    Linköping University, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Division of Health Care Analysis. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Heart and Medicine Center, Allergy Center.
    Kammerlind, Ann-Sofi
    Linköping University, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Division of Physiotherapy. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Anaesthetics, Operations and Specialty Surgery Center, Department of Otorhinolaryngology in Linköping. Futurum, County Council Jönköping, Sweden .
    Persson, Liselott
    Lunds University, Sweden.
    Löfgren, Håkan
    Ryhov Hospital, Jönköping, Sweden .
    Outcome of physiotherapy after surgery for cervical disc disease: a prospective randomised multi-centre trial2014In: BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders, E-ISSN 1471-2474, Vol. 15, no 34Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    BACKGROUND:

    Many patients with cervical disc disease require leave from work, due to long-lasting, complex symptoms, including chronic pain and reduced levels of physical and psychological function. Surgery on a few segmental levels might be expected to resolve disc-specific pain and reduce neurological deficits, but not the non-specific neck pain and the frequent illness. No study has investigated whether post-surgery physiotherapy might improve the outcome of surgery. The main purpose of this study was to evaluate whether a well-structured rehabilitation programme might add benefit to the customary post-surgical treatment for cervical disc disease, with respect to function, disability, work capability, and cost effectiveness.

    METHODS/DESIGN:

    This study was designed as a prospective, randomised, controlled, multi-centre study. An independent, blinded investigator will compare two alternatives of rehabilitation. We will include 200 patients of working age, with cervical disc disease confirmed by clinical findings and symptoms of cervical nerve root compression. After providing informed consent, study participants will be randomised to one of two alternative physiotherapy regimes; (A) customary treatment (information and advice on a specialist clinic); or (B) customary treatment plus active physiotherapy. Physiotherapy will follow a standardised, structured programme of neck-specific exercises combined with a behavioural approach. All patients will be evaluated both clinically and subjectively (with questionnaires) before surgery and at 6 weeks, 3 months, 6 months, 12 months, and 24 months after surgery. The main outcome variable will be neck-specific disability. Cost-effectiveness will also be calculated.

    DISCUSSION:

    We anticipate that the results of this study will provide evidence to support physiotherapeutic rehabilitation applied after surgery for cervical radiculopathy due to cervical disc disease.

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  • 29.
    Rejmstad, Peter
    et al.
    Linköping University, The Institute of Technology. Linköping University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Biomedical Instrumentation.
    Åkesson, Gustav
    Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Reconstruction Centre, Department of Neurosurgery UHL.
    Hillman, Jan
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of Neuroscience. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Anaesthetics, Operations and Specialty Surgery Center, Department of Neurosurgery.
    Wårdell, Karin
    Linköping University, The Institute of Technology. Linköping University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Biomedical Instrumentation.
    A laser Doppler system for monitoring of intracerebral microcirculation2012In: Conf Proc IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc., ISSN 1557-170X, p. 1988-1991Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    A two-channel standard laser Doppler perfusion monitor has been adapted for intracerebral measurements. Software developed in Labview makes it possible to present the microvascular perfusion, total light intensity (TLI), heart rate and trend curves in real-time during surgery. A custom-made optical probe was designed in order to enable easy fixation during brain surgery. The constructed brain probe was evaluated and compared to a standard probe. Both probes presented similar feasibility when used for the skin recordings. In addition, evaluation was done in one patient in relation to tumor resection. Stable perfusion and TLI signals were immediately recorded when the probe was positioned in cerebral tissue. Movement artifacts were clearly seen when the probe was moved to a new site. Recordings in cortex and tumor border showed higher perfusion and lower TLI compared to measurements in subcortical white matter. The calculated heart rate estimate agreed well with the noted value from the electrocardiographic patient monitoring system.                                                                                                                                                      

  • 30.
    Rejmstad, Peter
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Biomedical Instrumentation.
    Åkesson, Gustav
    Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Anaesthetics, Operations and Specialty Surgery Center, Department of Neurosurgery.
    Hillman, Jan
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Neurosurgery. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Anaesthetics, Operations and Specialty Surgery Center, Department of Neurosurgery.
    Wårdell, Karin
    Linköping University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Biomedical Instrumentation.
    Intracerebral perfusion monitoring by laser Doppler flowmetry, Medicinteknikdagarna2012Conference paper (Other academic)
  • 31.
    Rejmstad, Peter
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Biomedical Instrumentation. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Åkesson, Gustav
    Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Anaesthetics, Operations and Specialty Surgery Center, Department of Neurosurgery.
    Åneman, Oscar
    Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Anaesthetics, Operations and Specialty Surgery Center, Department of Neurosurgery. Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of Neuro and Inflammation Science. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences.
    Wårdell, Karin
    Linköping University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Biomedical Instrumentation. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering. Linköping University, Center for Medical Image Science and Visualization (CMIV).
    A laser Doppler system for monitoring of cerebral microcirculation: implementation and evaluation during neurosurgery2016In: Medical and Biological Engineering and Computing, ISSN 0140-0118, E-ISSN 1741-0444, ISSN 0140-0118, Vol. 54, no 1, p. 123-131Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The aim of this study was to adapt and evaluate laser Doppler perfusion monitoring (LDPM) together with custom designed brain probes and software for continuous recording of cerebral microcirculation in patients undergoing neurosurgery. The LDPM system was used to record perfusion and backscattered light (TLI). These parameters were displayed together with the extracted heart rate (HR), pulsatility index (PI) and signal trends from adjustable time intervals. Technical evaluation was done on skin during thermal provocation. Clinical measurements were performed on ten patients undergoing brain tumour surgery. Data from 76 tissue sites were captured with a length varying between 10 s to 15 min. Statistical comparisons were done using Mann-Whitney tests. Grey and tumour tissue could be separated from white matter using the TLI-signal (p < 0.05). The perfusion was significantly higher in grey and tumour tissue compared to white matter (p < 0.005). LDPM was successfully used as an intraoperative tool for monitoring local blood flow and additional parameters linked to cerebral microcirculation (perfusion, TLI, heart rate and PI) during tumour resection. The systems stability opens up for studies in the postoperative care of patients with e.g. traumatic brain injury or subarachnoid haemorrhage.

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  • 32.
    Richter, Johan C.O.
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Biomedical Instrumentation. Linköping University, The Institute of Technology. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Anaesthetics, Operations and Specialty Surgery Center, Department of Neurosurgery.
    Haj-Hosseini, Neda
    Linköping University, The Institute of Technology. Linköping University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Biomedical Instrumentation.
    Wårdell, Karin
    Linköping University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Biomedical Instrumentation. Linköping University, The Institute of Technology.
    Fluorescence Spectroscopy based identification of Glioblastoma multiforme2011Conference paper (Refereed)
  • 33.
    Richter, Johan
    et al.
    Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Anaesthetics, Operations and Specialty Surgery Center, Department of Neurosurgery. Linköping University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Biomedical Instrumentation. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Haj Hosseini, Neda
    Linköping University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Biomedical Instrumentation. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Hallbeck, Martin
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Divison of Neurobiology. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Region Östergötland, Center for Diagnostics, Clinical pathology.
    Wårdell, Karin
    Linköping University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Division of Biomedical Engineering. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Combination of Hand-Held Probe and Microscopy for Fluorescence Guided Surgery in the Brain Tumor Marginal Zone2017In: Photodiagnosis and Photodynamic Therapy, ISSN 1572-1000, Vol. 18, p. 185-192Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Background

    Visualization of the tumor is crucial for differentiating malignant tissue from healthy brain during surgery, especially in the tumor marginal zone. The aim of the study was to introduce a fluorescence spectroscopy-based hand-held probe (HHF-probe) for tumor identification in combination with the fluorescence guided resection surgical microscope (FGR-microscope), and evaluate them in terms of diagnostic performance and practical aspects of fluorescence detection.

    Material and Methods

    Eighteen operations were performed on 16 patients with suspected high-grade glioma. The HHF-probe and the FGR-microscope were used for detection of protoporphyrin (PpIX) fluorescence induced by 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) and evaluated against histopathological analysis and visual grading done through the FGR-microscope by the surgeon. A ratio of PpIX fluorescence intensity to the autofluorescence intensity (fluorescence ratio) was used to quantify the spectra detected by the probe.

    Results

    Fluorescence ratio medians (range 0 – 40) measured by the probe were related to the intensity of the fluorescence in the FGR-microscope, categorized as “none” (0.3, n = 131), “weak” (1.6, n = 34) and “strong” (5.4, n = 28). Of 131 “none” points in the FGR-microscope, 88 (67%) exhibited fluorescence with the HHF-probe. For the tumor marginal zone, the area under the receiver operator characteristics (ROC) curve was 0.49 for the FGR-microscope and 0.65 for the HHF-probe.

    Conclusions

    The probe was integrated in the established routine of tumor resection using the FGR-microscope. The HHF-probe was superior to the FGR-microscope in sensitivity; it detected tumor remnants after debulking under the FGR-microscope. The combination of the HHF-probe and the FGR-microscope was beneficial especially in the tumor marginal zone.

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  • 34.
    Richter, Johan
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Biomedical Instrumentation. Linköping University, The Institute of Technology. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Anaesthetics, Operations and Specialty Surgery Center, Department of Neurosurgery.
    Haj-Hosseini, Neda
    Linköping University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Biomedical Instrumentation. Linköping University, The Institute of Technology.
    Fluorescence guided brain tumour resection2014Conference paper (Other academic)
  • 35.
    Richter, Johan
    et al.
    Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Anaesthetics, Operations and Specialty Surgery Center, Department of Neurosurgery. Linköping University, The Institute of Technology.
    Haj-Hosseini, Neda
    Linköping University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Biomedical Instrumentation. Linköping University, The Institute of Technology.
    Andersson-Engels, Stefan
    Linköping University, The Institute of Technology.
    Wårdell, Karin
    Linköping University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Biomedical Instrumentation. Linköping University, The Institute of Technology.
    Resection of Glioblastoma multiforme with a fiber-optic fluorescence spectroscopy system and ultrasound based neuronavigation2009Conference paper (Other academic)
  • 36.
    Rossitti, Sandro
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Anaesthetics, Operations and Specialty Surgery Center, Department of Neurosurgery.
    Letter: Creative use of endovascular devices in cerebral aneurysm treatment in JOURNAL OF NEUROSURGERY, vol 121, issue 5, pp 1285-12852014In: Journal of Neurosurgery, ISSN 0022-3085, E-ISSN 1933-0693, Vol. 121, no 5, p. 1285-1285Article in journal (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    n/a

  • 37.
    Sandborg, Michael
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Radiation Physics. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Center for Surgery, Orthopaedics and Cancer Treatment, Department of Radiation Physics.
    Nilsson Althén, Jonas
    Linköping University, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Radiation Physics. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Center for Surgery, Orthopaedics and Cancer Treatment, Department of Radiation Physics.
    Pettersson, Håkan
    Linköping University, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Radiation Physics. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Center for Surgery, Orthopaedics and Cancer Treatment, Department of Radiation Physics.
    Rossitti, Sandro
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Anaesthetics, Operations and Specialty Surgery Center, Department of Neurosurgery.
    Patient Organ Radiation Doses During Treatment for Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage2012In: Clinical neuroradiology, ISSN 1869-1447, Vol. 22, no 4, p. 315-325Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    PURPOSE: The aim of this retrospective study was to estimate risk organ doses and to estimate radiation risks during the imaging work-up and treatment for aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). METHODS: The imaging procedures comprised computed tomography and digital subtraction angiography studies for diagnosis or endovascular interventional procedures in 50 consecutive patients. Equivalent organ doses (H(T)) to skin, brain, eye lens, salivary glands, thyroid and oral mucosa were measured using thermoluminescence dosimeters in an anthropomorphic head phantom. Picture archiving and communication system (PACS) and radiological information system (RIS) records were analyzed and the frequency of each imaging procedure was recorded as well as the registered individual kerma-length product (P(KL)) and the kerma-area product (P(KA)). The doses were computed by multiplying the recorded P(KL) and P(KA) values by the conversion coefficients H(T)/P(KL) and H(T)/P(KA) from the head phantom. RESULTS: The mean fluoroscopy time, P(KL) and P(KA) were 38 min, 7269 mGy cm and 286 Gy cm(2), respectively. The estimated mean equivalent doses were as follows: skin 2.51 Sv, brain 0.92 Sv, eye lens 0.43 Sv and salivary glands 0.23 Sv. Maximum organ doses were 2.3-3.5 times higher than the mean. Interventional procedures contributed 66 % to skin dose, 55 % to brain dose and 25 % to eye lens dose. Of the patients with an estimated skin dose exceeding 6 Sv, only 1 developed temporary epilation. CONCLUSION: The risk for radiation-induced cancer for SAH patients is low (2-3 cases per 1,000 patients, of which 90 % are expected to be benign types) compared with the risk of tissue reactions on the head such as skin erythema and epilation (1 temporary epilation per 50 patients).

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  • 38.
    Sandborg, Michael
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Radiation Physics. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Linköping University, Center for Medical Image Science and Visualization (CMIV). Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Centre of Surgery and Oncology, Department of Radiation Physics.
    Rossitti, Sandro
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Anaesthetics, Operations and Specialty Surgery Center, Department of Neurosurgery.
    Pettersson, Håkan
    Linköping University, Department of Medicine and Care, Radiation Physics. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Centre of Surgery and Oncology, Department of Radiation Physics.
    Local skin and eye lens equivalent odses in interventional neuroradiology2010In: European Radiology, ISSN 0938-7994, E-ISSN 1432-1084, Vol. 20, no 3, p. 725-733Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Purpose  To assess patient skin and eye lens doses in interventional neuroradiology and to assess both stochastic and deterministic radiation risks. Methods  Kerma–area product (P KA) was recorded and skin doses measured using thermoluminescence dosimeters. Estimated dose at interventional reference point (IRP) was compared with measured absorbed doses. Results  The average and maximum fluoroscopy times were 32 and 189 min for coiling and 40 and 144 min for embolisation. The average and maximum P KA for coiling were 121 and 436 Gy cm2, respectively, and 189 and 677 Gy cm2 for embolisation. The average and maximum values of the measured maximum absorbed skin doses were 0.72 and 3.0 Sv, respectively, for coiling and 0.79 and 2.1 Sv for embolisation. Two out of the 52 patients received skin doses in excess of 2 Sv. The average and maximum doses to the eye lens (left eye) were 51 and 515 mSv (coiling) and 71 and 289 mSv (embolisation). Conclusion  The ratio between the measured dose and the dose at the IRP was 0.44 ± 0.18 mSv/mGy indicating that the dose displayed by the x-ray unit overestimates the maximum skin dose but is still a valuable indication of the dose. The risk of inducing skin erythema and lens cataract during our hospital procedures is therefore small.

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  • 39.
    Sandborg, Michael
    et al.
    Linköping University, Center for Medical Image Science and Visualization, CMIV. Linköping University, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Radiation Physics. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Centre for Surgery, Orthopaedics and Cancer Treatment, Department of Radiation Physics UHL.
    Rossitti, Sandro
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Sinnescentrum, Department of Neurosurgery UHL.
    Pettersson, Håkan
    Linköping University, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Radiation Physics. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Centre for Surgery, Orthopaedics and Cancer Treatment, Department of Radiation Physics UHL.
    Nilsson Althen, Jonas
    Linköping University, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Radiation Physics. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Centre for Surgery, Orthopaedics and Cancer Treatment, Department of Radiation Physics UHL.
    Patient organ radiation doses during treatment for aneurismal subarachnoid haemorrhage2011Conference paper (Other academic)
  • 40.
    Strand, Tillan
    et al.
    Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Sinnescentrum, Department of Neurosurgery UHL. Östergötlands Läns Landsting.
    Lindgren, Margareta
    Linköping University, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Nursing Science. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Knowledge, attitudes and barriers towards prevention of pressure ulcers in intensive care units: A descriptive cross-sectional study2010In: Intensive & Critical Care Nursing, ISSN 0964-3397, Vol. 26, no 6, p. 335-342Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Pressure ulcer incidence varies between 1 and 56% in intensive care and prevention is an important quest for nursing staff. Critically ill patients that develop pressure ulcers suffer from increased morbidity and mortality and also requires prolonged intensive care.

    AIM: The aim of this study was to investigate registered nurses' and enrolled nurses' (1) attitudes, (2) knowledge and (3) perceived barriers and opportunities towards pressure ulcer prevention, in an ICU setting. These are important aspects in the Theory of Planned Behaviour, a conceptual framework when trying to predict, understand and change specific behaviours.

    METHOD: The study is descriptive. Questionnaires were distributed to registered nurses and enrolled nurses in four ICUs in a Swedish hospital.

    RESULTS: The mean score regarding attitude was 34 ± 4. Correct categorisation of pressure ulcers was made by 46.8% of nursing staff with enrolled nurses having significantly less correct categorisation (p=0.019). Pressure relief (97.3%) and nutritional support (36.1%) were the most frequently reported preventive measures. Reported barriers were lack of time (57.8%) and severely ill patients (28.9%); opportunities were knowledge (38%) and access to pressure relieving equipment (35.5%).

    CONCLUSION: This study highlights areas where measures can be made to facilitate pressure ulcer prevention in intensive care units, such as raising knowledge and making pressure ulcer prevention a part of daily care.

  • 41.
    Ström, Jakob
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Clinical Chemistry. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Boström, Sverre
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Neurosurgery. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Reconstruction Centre, Department of Neurosurgery UHL.
    Bobinski, L.
    Umeå University, Sweden.
    Theodorsson, Annette
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Clinical Chemistry. Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Neurosurgery. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Anaesthetics, Operations and Specialty Surgery Center, Department of Neurosurgery.
    Low-grade infection complicating silastic dural substitute 32 years post-operatively2011In: Brain Injury, ISSN 0269-9052, E-ISSN 1362-301X, Vol. 25, no 2, p. 250-254Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Background: A complication of a silastic dural substitute is described, which appeared after 32 years-by far the longest latency period reported in the literature. Methods: Case report and literature review. Results: In 1971, a 20-year old woman suffered from an acute subdural haematoma and a temporal cerebral contusion due to a motorbike accident. She underwent an operation with evacuation of these and the dura was mended with a silastic duraplasty. Thirty-two years later she deteriorated with increased memory problems and dysphasia. CT revealed an expanding haemorrhagic mass around the previous duraplasty, which demanded surgery with removal of the silastic dural implant and evacuation of the haemorrhagic mass. Although the haemorrhagic mass enveloped the silastic implant, a contribution of the acrylate flap cannot be ruled out. Bacteriological cultures revealed Acinetobacter spp. in the CSF. Adequate post-operative antibiotic treatment was administered. The patient slowly improved, but the complication represented a major setback in her long-term cognitive and communicative functions. Conclusions: This case widens the previously reported time-frame of late complications by 60%, from 20 to 32 years, and will hopefully serve to increase the awareness of late infections and haemorrhages induced by silastic dural implants, thereby improving diagnosis and treatment in future cases.

  • 42.
    Ström, Jakob
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Clinical Chemistry. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Ingberg, Edvin
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Clinical Chemistry. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Theodorsson, Annette
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Clinical Chemistry. Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Neurosurgery. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Anaesthetics, Operations and Specialty Surgery Center, Department of Neurosurgery.
    Theodorsson, Elvar
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Clinical Chemistry. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Center for Diagnostics, Department of Clinical Chemistry.
    Method parameters’ impact on mortality and variability in rat stroke experiments: a meta-analysis2013In: BMC Neuroscience, E-ISSN 1471-2202, Vol. 14, no 41Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Background

    Even though more than 600 stroke treatments have been shown effective in preclinical studies, clinically proven treatment alternatives for cerebral infarction remain scarce. Amongst the reasons for the discrepancy may be methodological shortcomings, such as high mortality and outcome variability, in the preclinical studies. A common approach in animal stroke experiments is that A) focal cerebral ischemia is inflicted, B) some type of treatment is administered and C) the infarct sizes are assessed. However, within this paradigm, the researcher has to make numerous methodological decisions, including choosing rat strain and type of surgical procedure. Even though a few studies have attempted to address the questions experimentally, a lack of consensus regarding the optimal methodology remains.

    Methods

    We therefore meta-analyzed data from 502 control groups described in 346 articles to find out how rat strain, procedure for causing focal cerebral ischemia and the type of filament coating affected mortality and infarct size variability.

    Results

    The Wistar strain and intraluminal filament procedure using a silicone coated filament was found optimal in lowering infarct size variability. The direct and endothelin methods rendered lower mortality rate, whereas the embolus method increased it compared to the filament method.

    Conclusions

    The current article provides means for researchers to adjust their middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAo) protocols to minimize infarct size variability and mortality.

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  • 43.
    Ström, Jakob
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Clinical Chemistry. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Ingberg, Edvin
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of Neuroscience. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Theodorsson, Elvar
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of Microbiology and Molecular Medicine. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Center for Diagnostics, Department of Clinical Chemistry.
    Theodorsson, Annette
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of Neuroscience. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Anaesthetics, Operations and Specialty Surgery Center, Department of Neurosurgery.
    Effects of high and low 17 beta-estradiol doses on focal cerebral ischemia: negative results2013In: Scientific Reports, E-ISSN 2045-2322, Vol. 3Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The reasons why some animal studies indicate that estrogens increase focal cerebral ischemic damage while others show estrogen-induced neuroprotection has hitherto not been fully elucidated. Recent evidence indicates that discrepancies in hormone administration paradigms, resulting in highly different serum hormone concentrations, may account for the dichotomy. The current study aimed to test this hypothesis. Sixty ovariectomized female rats were randomized into three groups differing in 17 beta-estradiol regimens, and transient focal cerebral ischemia was subsequently induced. All animals were subjected to a small functional testing battery, and three days after MCAo they were sacrificed for infarct size assessment. Infarct sizes did not differ between groups, however clear discrepancies were seen in body weight and feeding behavior. In comparison to sham-operated animals, ovariectomized rats rapidly increased in body weight, whereas the opposite was seen in rats receiving 17beta-estradiol. The weight gain in the ovariectomized rats was paralleled by an increased food intake.

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  • 44.
    Ström, Jakob
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Clinical Chemistry. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Ingberg, Edvin
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Clinical Chemistry. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Theodorsson, Elvar
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Clinical Chemistry. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Center for Diagnostics, Department of Clinical Chemistry.
    Theodorsson, Annette
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Clinical Chemistry. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Anaesthetics, Operations and Specialty Surgery Center, Department of Neurosurgery.
    Effects of high and low 17β-estradiol doses on cerebral ischemiaManuscript (preprint) (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    INTRODUCTION: Estrogens’ effects on cerebral ischemia have during the last two decades been the subject of intense research efforts. Notwithstanding this, the reasons that some studies indicate that estrogens are damaging while others show estrogen-induced neuroprotection has hitherto not been fully elucidated. Recent evidence indicates that discrepancies in hormone administration paradigms, resulting in highly different serum hormone concentrations, may account for this dichotomy. The current study was designed to test this  ypothesis.

    METHODS: Sixty ovariectomized female rats were randomized into three groups differing in subsequent 17β-estradiol regimen (vehicle, low dose and high dose respectively). Following two weeks of treatment, focal cerebral ischemia was induced via an intraluminal filament middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAo) method. All animals were subjected to a small functional testing battery, and three days after MCAo they were sacrificed for infarct size assessment.

    RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: The hormone administration regimens significantly affected animal weights and feeding behavior, but infarct sizes did not differ between groups. Further, random intra-group variations in infarct size were too large to allow negative conclusions to be drawn. The large variation was possibly a consequence of too large occluding filament diameter in combination with that the animals were allowed to wake up during ongoing MCAo. After correcting the large variation, the hypothesis needs to be addressed anew.

  • 45.
    Ström, Jakob O
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Clinical Chemistry. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Center for Diagnostics, Department of Clinical Chemistry.
    Ingberg, Edvin
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Clinical Chemistry. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Center for Diagnostics, Department of Clinical Chemistry.
    Druvefors, Emma
    Ryhov County Hospital, County Council of Jönköping, Sweden.
    Theodorsson, Annette
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Clinical Chemistry. Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Neurosurgery. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Center for Diagnostics, Department of Clinical Chemistry. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Anaesthetics, Operations and Specialty Surgery Center, Department of Neurosurgery.
    Theodorsson, Elvar
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Clinical Chemistry. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Center for Diagnostics, Department of Clinical Chemistry.
    The female menstrual cycle does not influence testosterone concentrations in male partners2012In: Journal of Negative Results in BioMedicine, E-ISSN 1477-5751, Vol. 11, no 1Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Background

    The time of ovulation has since long been believed to be concealed to male heterosexual partners. Recent studies have, however, called for revision of this notion. For example, male testosterone concentrations have been shown to increase in response to olfactory ovulation cues, which could be biologically relevant by increasing sexual drive and aggressiveness. However, this phenomenon has not previously been investigated in real-life human settings. We therefore thought it of interest to test the hypothesis that males' salivary testosterone concentrations are influenced by phases of their female partners' menstrual cycle; expecting a testosterone peak at ovulation.

    Methods

    Thirty young, healthy, heterosexual couples were recruited. During the course of 30-40 days, the women registered menses and ovulation, while the men registered sexual activity, physical exercise, alcohol intake and illness (confounders), and obtained daily saliva samples for testosterone measurements. All data, including the registered confounders, were subjected to multiple regression analysis.

    Results

    In contrast to the hypothesis, the ovulation did not affect the testosterone levels, and the resulting testosterone profile during the menstrual cycle was on the average flat. The specific main hypothesis, that male testosterone levels on the day of ovulation would be higher than day 4 of the cycle, was clearly contradicted by a type II error(β)-analysis (< 14.3% difference in normalized testosterone concentration; β = 0.05).

    Conclusions

    Even though an ovulation-related salivary testosterone peak was observed in individual cases, no significant effect was found on a group level.

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  • 46.
    Ström, Jakob O
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Clinical Chemistry. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Theodorsson, Annette
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Clinical Chemistry. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Anaesthetics, Operations and Specialty Surgery Center, Department of Neurosurgery.
    Ingberg, Edvin
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Clinical Chemistry. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Isaksson, Ida-Maria
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Clinical Chemistry. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Theodorsson, Elvar
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Clinical Chemistry. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Center for Diagnostics, Department of Clinical Chemistry.
    Ovariectomy and 17β-estradiol replacement in rats and mice: a visual demonstration2012In: Journal of Visualized Experiments, E-ISSN 1940-087X, no 64, p. 4013-Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Estrogens are a family of female sexual hormones with an exceptionally wide spectrum of effects. When rats and mice are used in estrogen research they are commonly ovariectomized in order to ablate the rapidly cycling hormone production, replacing the 17β-estradiol exogenously. There is, however, lack of consensus regarding how the hormone should be administered to obtain physiological serum concentrations This is crucial since the 17β-estradiol level/administration method profoundly influences the experimental results1-3. We have in a series of studies characterized the different modes of 17β-estradiol administration, finding that subcutaneous silastic capsules and per-oral nut-cream Nutella are superior to commercially available slow-release pellets (produced by the company Innovative Research of America) and daily injections in terms of producing physiological serum concentrations of 17β-estradiol4-6. Amongst the advantages of the nut-cream method, that previously has been used for buprenorphine administration7, is that when used for estrogen administration it resembles peroral hormone replacement therapy and is non-invasive. The subcutaneous silastic capsules are convenient and produce the most stable serum concentrations. This video article contains step-by-step demonstrations of ovariectomy and 17β-estradiol hormone replacement by silastic capsules and peroral Nutella in rats and mice, followed by a discussion of important aspects of the administration procedures.

  • 47.
    Ström, Jakob O
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Clinical Chemistry. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Theodorsson, Annette
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Clinical Chemistry. Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Neurosurgery. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Anaesthetics, Operations and Specialty Surgery Center, Department of Neurosurgery.
    Theodorsson, Elvar
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Clinical Chemistry. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Center for Diagnostics, Department of Clinical Chemistry.
    Hormesis and Female Sex Hormones2011In: Pharmaceuticals, E-ISSN 1424-8247, Vol. 4, p. 726-740Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Hormone replacement after menopause has in recent years been the subject of intense scientific debate and public interest and has sparked intense research efforts into the biological effects of estrogens and progestagens. However, there are reasons to believe that the doses used and plasma concentrations produced in a large number of studies casts doubt on important aspects of their validity. The concept of hormesis states that a substance can have diametrically different effects depending on the concentration. Even though estrogens and progestagens have proven prone to this kind of dose-response relation in a multitude of studies, the phenomenon remains clearly underappreciated as exemplified by the fact that it is common practice to only use one hormone dose in animal experiments. If care is not taken to adjust the concentrations of estrogens and progestagens to relevant biological conditions, the significance of the results may be questionable. Our aim is to review examples of female sexual steroids demonstrating bidirectional dose-response relations and to discuss this in the perspective of hormesis. Some examples are highlighted in detail, including the effects on cerebral ischemia, inflammation, cardiovascular diseases and anxiety. Hopefully, better understanding of the hormesis phenomenon may result in improved future designs of studies of female sexual steroids.

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  • 48.
    Ström, Jakob
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Clinical Chemistry. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Theodorsson, Annette
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Clinical Chemistry. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Sinnescentrum, Department of Neurosurgery UHL.
    Theodorsson, Elvar
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Clinical Chemistry. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Centre for Diagnostics, Department of Clinical Chemistry.
    Research design and statistical power when publishing "negative findings"2011In: The Journal of Neuroscience, ISSN 0270-6474Article, book review (Other academic)
  • 49.
    Theodorsson, Annette
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Clinical Chemistry. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Sinnescentrum, Department of Neurosurgery UHL.
    Holm, Lovisa
    Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Clinical Chemistry. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Theodorsson, Elvar
    Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Clinical Chemistry. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Centre for Laboratory Medicine, Department of Clinical Chemistry.
    Hypothermia-induced increase in galanin concentrations and ischemic neuroprotection in the rat brain2008In: Neuropeptides, ISSN 0143-4179, E-ISSN 1532-2785, Vol. 42, no 1, p. 79-87Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The effects of hypothermia on galanin concentrations and the relation between ischemic brain lesions, hypothermia and galanin concentrations in a transient and focal rat stroke model were investigated in order to elucidate whether hypothermia-induced alterations in galanin concentrations could constitute a part of the established neuroprotective effect of hypothermia. Female rats were allocated to normothermia (37 °C) or hypothermia (33 °C) treatments during a 60 min microclip middle cerebral artery occlusion. The ischemic lesions were visualized after observation periods of 2 or 7 days and the concentration of galanin measured by radioimmunoassay in extracts of punch biopsies from both the lesioned and the contralateral control hemisphere. Hypothermia-induced an overall increase in the concentrations of immunoreactive galanin (p < 0.001). The elevated galanin levels were predominantly found in the non-ischemic control hemisphere, in the hippocampus, thalamus and the posterior part of parietal cortex. The galanin concentrations were lower in the ischemic hemisphere in both the normo- and hypothermic animals compared to the corresponding contra lateral intact hemisphere (p = 0.049). The factor of time, 2 respectively 7 days, did not show any significant difference regarding the galanin concentrations (p = 0.844). Multivariate analyses of variance revealed significant effect of ischemia on the size of the ischemic brain lesions (p = 0.001) but no overall effect of temperature when data from both 2 and 7 days observation periods were analyzed together. The ischemic lesions were generally larger at 33 degrees after 2 days (p = 0.230). Prolonged observation time of 7 days resulted in a significant reduction of the ischemic brain lesion (p = 0.011) with smaller ischemic lesions in the hypothermic group. Our data support the notion that hypothermia-induced increase in the tissue concentrations of galanin in the brain are the result of changes from optimal homeostatic conditions - the hypothermia-induced stress - rather than the ischemia/re-perfusion lesion induced changes in galanin concentrations. Hypothermia-induced elevation in galanin concentration is therefore not likely to be amongst the major protective mechanisms of hypothermia. © 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  • 50.
    Tisell, Anders
    et al.
    Linköping University, Center for Medical Image Science and Visualization, CMIV. Linköping University, Department of Medicine and Health Sciences, Radiation Physics. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Centre for Surgery, Orthopaedics and Cancer Treatment, Department of Radiation Physics UHL. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Engström, Maria
    Linköping University, Department of Medicine and Health Sciences, Radiology. Linköping University, Center for Medical Image Science and Visualization, CMIV. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Dahlqvist Leinhard, Olof
    Linköping University, Center for Medical Image Science and Visualization, CMIV. Linköping University, Department of Medicine and Health Sciences, Radiation Physics. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Karlsson, T
    Vigren, P
    Landtblom, Anne-Marie
    Linköping University, Center for Medical Image Science and Visualization, CMIV. Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Psychiatry. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Sinnescentrum, Department of Neurosurgery UHL. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Lundberg, Peter
    Linköping University, Center for Medical Image Science and Visualization, CMIV. Linköping University, Department of Medicine and Health Sciences, Radiation Physics. Linköping University, Department of Medicine and Health Sciences, Radiology. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Centre for Surgery, Orthopaedics and Cancer Treatment, Department of Radiation Physics UHL. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Centre for Diagnostics, Department of Radiology in Linköping. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
    Combining fMRI with qMRS for understanding the etiology of periodic hypersomnia2009Conference paper (Other academic)
12 1 - 50 of 67
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