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  • Hallman, Louise
    Linköping University, Department of Thematic Studies.
    Who is Brianna Ghey?: A Case Study of the Divergent Discursive Constructions of Trans Identity in the Local, National and LGBTQ+ Press2024Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (Two Years)), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    On February 11, 2023, 16-year-old Brianna Ghey was stabbed in a park in broad daylight in an affluent village on the outskirts of Warrington, northwest England. The local, national and transnational niche LGBTQ+ press all covered Brianna’s death—but who was she? And to whom? 

    Rooted in gender and news discourse studies, underpinned by queer, trans and assemblage theories and previous research on trans media representation, crime reporting, news values, and (counter)publics, and through the application of queer corpus linguistics and feminist critical discourse analyses, this thesis examines how Brianna Ghey was discursively constructed—from a female dead body to a schoolgirl to a trans teenager, as well as a murder case and supposed hate-crime victim—in different publications, for different publics. 

    The manually compiled corpus—the Brianna Ghey Corpus, a.k.a. BGCor—comprises 1253 news articles related to Brianna Ghey published online in the two local Warrington newspapers, 11 UK national papers and 20 LGBTQ+ news sites over the year from her murder to the first anniversary of her death, covering the arrest, trial and sentencing of her teenaged murderers, as well as her funeral, vigils and entry into the wider public discourse.

    The study reveals three distinct discursive constructions of Brianna’s identity: to the local press, she is a local schoolgirl; to the national press, she is a transgender teenager; and to the niche transnational LGBTQ+ press, Brianna is a trans teenage girl. These results contribute to a growing understanding of the nuance of language used in the British and LGBTQ+ press to construct trans identities.

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  • Al Shihabi, Mohammed
    Linköping University, Department of Electrical Engineering, Electronics and Computer Engineering.
    Investigation of Class-D and Class-E Power Amplifiers Specifications for Micro-NMR Applications2024Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (Two Years)), 28 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Micro-NMR systems have a significance in analyzing molecular structures together with its small size and light weight favoring such systems over the standard heavy NMR systems in the market for various applications in the future. Finding an efficient and adequate power amplifier for micro-NMR systems is crucial for their development. This thesis focuses on class-D and class-E PAs in terms of power, efficiency and area that is occupied in the chip to determine the best PA for micro-NMR systems. Class-E PAs are common for their high efficiencies in comparison with class-D, however the big number of passive elements in the circuit is considered a disadvantage since it complicates the design and degrades the efficiency. An optimized load for the coil, which adjusts the resistive component to be around 7 Ω in this thesis to dispose of few passive elements. The matching network and the inductor in class-E PA can be removed and the inductive component of the coil is integrated to the series capacitor in class-E PA. The simulation results showed that class-E led to power added efficiency of 66% withan output power of 450 mW within the frequency range 21.3-63.9 MHz, while class-D simulations resulted in PAE to be 53% which is considerably less than class-E simulation result. A duty cycle controller with a good range of control and a driver to minimize rise- and fall-time increasing efficiency while both parts dissipates much lower power than main PA in the system.

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  • Femia, Anne Lie
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology.
    Miljövariabler som påverkar jordlöparfaunans artsammansättning på strandängar2024Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10,5 credits / 16 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    In Sweden, there are over 300 different carabid species, which makes them one of the largest families in the order Coleoptera. Carabids play an important role in nature conservation because they can be used as indicators for meadow habitats, especially in areas with an early successional stage. In this study the species composition of carabids in wet meadows in Tåkern´s nature reserve was studied to see if there were any differences between the meadows and which of the chosen variables could explain said differences. For this study 80 pitfall traps were placed on eight different meadows during a two-months period. The variables that were chosen were grass length (to measure grazing or mowing) and soil moisture. In total 69 different species were found on the meadows, among which Poecilius versicolor was the most common one. Eleven of the species are classified as indicator species and two of them are red-listed, Chlaenius nigricornis (NT) and Chlaenius tristis (NT). The study showed a difference in species composition between some of the meadows, Hovs-Säby was the richest in species with 45 species in total, and Åsby was the less rich, with 29. The results also showed a positive correlation between grass height and species composition. There was no correlation with the soil moisture. In conclusion we can say that the grass height is a factor that plays an important role when it comes to the difference in species composition between the meadows, higher grass equals more species. This could be because of the protection it gives from predators, and it also means that too short grass could give negative impact on biodiversity.

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  • Law, Craig
    et al.
    School of Mechanical, Industrial and Aeronautical Engineering University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.
    Nordström, Jan
    Linköping University, Department of Mathematics, Applied Mathematics. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering. Department of Mathematics and Applied Mathematics University of Johannesburg, Africa.
    Using Experimental Flow Visualisation Techniques to Interpret Computational Fluid Dynamics Data2024In: R&D Journal, E-ISSN 2309-8988, Vol. 40, p. 10-16Article, review/survey (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    A short overview of the application of schlierenand shadowgraph image construction has been presented,focusing on its use in interpreting compressible CFD data.Numerical flow visualisation methods have been used forthe validation of numerical models of real flow fields butare also a valuable tool for identifying and inter-pretingflow field features and provide a useful means for extractinginformation from the numerical data that may notbe readily apparent.

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  • Freberg, Ellinor
    Linköping University, Department of Behavioural Sciences and Learning, Education, Teaching and Learning.
    Inkluderande och kritiska perspektiv i ett mångkulturellt religionsklassrum: En litteraturstudie om religionsdidaktiska möjligheter och utmaningar för inkludering och kritiskt tänkande2024Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
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  • Niknafs, Pardis
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Energy Systems. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Holmqvist, Gustav
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Energy Systems. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Thollander, Patrik
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Energy Systems. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Rohdin, Patrik
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Energy Systems. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Energy renovation of Swedish single-family houses - a survey of barriers, drivers, and green loans2024In: Frontiers in Energy Research, E-ISSN 2296-598X, Vol. 12, article id 1480098Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    According to the Energy Performance of Buildings Directive, 55% of the EU’s emission reductions will require renovations of the least efficient buildings. Therefore, it is important to gain a deeper understanding of how owners of single-family houses perceive energy efficiency measures, energy renovation, and barriers and drivers that influence their decision-making. Moreover, the homeowner’s perception of green loans is important, as one piece of the puzzle in how to finance these implementations. Swedish single-family houses account for 40% of residential energy use and 45% of heated area, and they are mostly privately owned. These decision-making processes are, to a large degree, unknown, as the main focus has been on professional actors and tenants, not on single-family and privately owned buildings. This paper presents the perspective of these owners and discussions related to their decision-making. It is therefore important to evaluate the barriers and drivers involved in this decision-making process from the perspective of house owners, and to include socio-economic factors as well as the potential for green loans. This study includes single-family house owners in two cities of different sizes who responded to a survey regarding their perspectives on energy renovation. The results showed that homeowners with lower incomes were more neutral about barriers to energy renovation. In contrast, house owners with higher incomes, and those who moved into their houses more recently, prioritized other types of renovations and investment over energy renovations. According to households where the respondents were over 60 years old, barriers such as lack of capital and time are not perceived as significant barriers to energy renovation. Moreover, this study showed that households with younger owners, those who moved recently to their homes, and those with higher incomes, are more likely to take loans for energy renovations. For these younger households and those who moved into their houses relatively recently a window of opportunity could therefore be identified, where tailored policies can be targeted toward the sector when houses are recently sold. In all cases, except for those over 70 years, respondents stated that green loans increased their interest in energy efficiency investments. Copyright © 2024 Niknafs, Holmqvist, Thollander and Rohdin.

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  • Gärdby, Kristofer
    Linköping University, Department of Behavioural Sciences and Learning.
    Har motoriken förändrats: En jämförelse av elevers motoriska färdigheter och deras upplevda svårighetsgrad på övningarna i årskurs 3 mellan 2012 och 20242025Independent thesis Basic level (professional degree), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [sv]

    Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka om det skett förändringar i motoriska färdigheter hos elever i årskurs 3 mellan åren 2012 och 2024. Studien har jämfört resultaten från observationer och enkäter, där elever genomfört samma fem grovmotoriska övningar som i en tidigare kartläggning från 2012. Totalt deltog 73 elever från två olika skolor, och deras prestationer har bedömts utifrån samma kriterier som i den ursprungliga studien.

    Resultaten visar genom deskriptiv statistik både framsteg och försämringar i olika övningar, med tydliga skillnader mellan könen. Flickorna visar en tendens att prestera bättre i rörelser som kräver automatisering och balans, medan pojkarna generellt sett utmärker sig i övningar som kräver styrka och koordination, som exempelvis kast. En intressant aspekt som framkom var att elevernas självupplevda förmåga inte alltid överensstämde med de faktiska observationerna, vilket understryker vikten av att använda både subjektiva och objektiva metoder i utvärderingen.

    I studien kopplas resultaten till tidigare forskning som lyfter fram sambandet mellan motorisk utveckling och kognitiv förmåga. Dessutom tar studien upp vikten av motorisk träning i skolan och hur förändringar i läroplanen från Lgr11 till Lgr22 kan ha påverkat elevernas utveckling. Studien föreslår också konkreta pedagogiska åtgärder för att skapa fler möjligheter till allsidig motorisk träning och betonar vikten av tidiga insatser för att stärka elevernas fysiska och kognitiva förmågor.

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  • Public defence: 2025-02-28 10:15 ACAS, LinköpingOrder onlineBuy this publication >>
    Kabel, Daan
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Logistics & Quality Management. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Innovation within healthcare service ecosystems: Strategies for overcoming institutional conflicts2025Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    In healthcare, technologies have the potential to provide new and useful knowledge for both patients and healthcare professionals. However, to realize their full potential and become truly useful, these technologies must be integrated into a broader healthcare service ecosystem that includes a wide range of actors. Successfully integrating such technologies requires the coordination and collaboration of a diverse set of such actors, including healthcare professionals, public actors, and market actors. Understanding the challenges along the institutionalization process of new and useful knowledge derived from technology is essential for advancing service innovation within healthcare service ecosystems.

    According to Service-Dominant (S-D) logic, innovation typically begins with the collection and refinement of ideas from a diverse set of actors. While the inclusion of this broad set of actors is essential for innovation, it can also lead to institutional conflicts or frictions between actors. These conflicts arise from competing or sometimes opposing ideas, which can be traced to multiple institutional logics—deeply ingrained norms, beliefs, and assumptions—that shape how actors frame and adopt ideas. Institutional logics also guides actors in how technologies, as carriers of ideas, are adopted, implemented and used. Institutional conflicts are critical obstacles to overcome during the innovation process; however, they are often overlooked. Studying these conflicts is particularly important because, in the worst-case scenario, they can become so severe that they block innovation within service ecosystems. The purpose of this thesis is to contribute to the understanding of service innovation that accounts for the multiplicity of institutional logics within a healthcare service ecosystem. Specifically, this thesis discusses a set of institutional conflicts and investigates how actors resolve or mitigate them. In this thesis, the actors proposing ideas for technology, including its integration within a healthcare service ecosystem, are broadly categorized according to three institutional logics: medical professional, market, and public welfare.

    The results of this thesis discuss five recurring conflicts: differing meanings of technology, conflicting assumptions about medical responsibility, tensions in decision-making procedures, legal challenges related to resource ownership, and different expectations for resource sharing. To mitigate or resolve these conflicts, four recurring reconciliation strategies are identified: compromise, confrontation, mobilization, and avoidance. This thesis provides actionable recommendations on how to effectively manage institutional conflicts within a healthcare service innovation context. It makes three key contributions to service innovation research within the conceptual framework of S-D logic. The first theoretical contribution is the development of a novel typology of institutional reconciliation strategies. The second explores the factors that influence the success or failure of innovation within service ecosystems. Lastly, the managerial contribution identifies contemporary enablers and constraints that drives service innovation in healthcare ecosystems.

    List of papers
    1. Capturing the voice of the customer: focus groups versus netnography?
    Open this publication in new window or tab >>Capturing the voice of the customer: focus groups versus netnography?
    2024 (English)In: Total Quality Management and Business Excellence, ISSN 1478-3363, E-ISSN 1478-3371, Vol. 35, no 11-12, p. 1359-1377Article in journal (Refereed) Published
    Abstract [en]

    The rapid growth, large volume, and easy access to publicly available netnographicdata have increased the need for understanding its potential in leveraging innovation.At the heart of quality management is a focus on customers and their needs, drivingthe innovation of products and services. In this study, we systematically comparenetnography and focus groups as research methods regarding their ability to capturevarious types of customer needs. This study makes four valuable contributions toquality management theory: (1) netnography and focus groups captures similarcustomer needs, (2) netnography provides clear need statements, which are rich andoverrepresented compared to focus groups, (3) both netnography and focus groupsare vulnerable to groupthink, where customers prioritize consensus; however, thiseffect is more evident in netnography, (4) netnography captures more needstatements about current product and service usage, while focus groups focus moreon past product and service usage

    Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
    ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD, 2024
    Keywords
    qualitative research; research methods; methodological comparison; user-generated content; innovation; customer needs
    National Category
    Business Administration
    Identifiers
    urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-205658 (URN)10.1080/14783363.2024.2369592 (DOI)001257041500001 ()
    Note

    Funding Agencies|HELIX Competence Centre

    Available from: 2024-06-28 Created: 2024-06-28 Last updated: 2025-01-17
    2. Paradoxical tensions during industry 4.0 integration within health care: managing tensions for quality improvement
    Open this publication in new window or tab >>Paradoxical tensions during industry 4.0 integration within health care: managing tensions for quality improvement
    2024 (English)In: International Journal of Lean Six Sigma, ISSN 2040-4166, E-ISSN 2040-4174Article in journal (Refereed) Epub ahead of print
    Abstract [en]

    Purpose – The integration of industry 4.0 has become a priority for many organizations. However, not allorganizations are suitable and capable of implementing industry 4.0 because it requires a dynamic andflexible implementation strategy. The implementation of industry 4.0 often involves overcoming severaltensions between internal and external stakeholders. This paper aims to explore the paradoxical tensions thatarise for health-care organizations when integrating industry 4.0. Moreover, it discusses how a paradox lenscan support the conceptualization and proposes techniques for handling tensions during the integration ofindustry 4.0.

    Design/methodology/approach – This qualitative and in-depth study draws upon 32 semi-structuredinterviews. The empirical case concerns how two health-care organizations handle paradoxical tensionsduring the integration of industry 4.0.

    Findings – The exploration resulted in six recurring technology tensions: technology invention(modularized design vs. flexible design), technology collaboration (automation vs. human augmentation),technology-driven patient experience (control vs. autonomy), technology uncertainty (short-termexperimentation vs. long-term planning), technology invention and diffusion through collaborative effortsamong stakeholders (selective vs. intensive collaboration) and technological innovation (market maintenancevs. disruption).

    Originality/value – A paradox theory-informed conceptual model is proposed for how to handle tensionsduring the integration of industry 4.0. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first paper to introduceparadox theory for quality management, including lean and Six Sigma.

    Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
    EMERALD GROUP PUBLISHING LTD, 2024
    Keywords
    Industry 4.0, Digitalization, Health care, Digital technology, Quality management, Strategy
    National Category
    Production Engineering, Human Work Science and Ergonomics
    Identifiers
    urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-202591 (URN)10.1108/ijlss-12-2023-0220 (DOI)001202473000001 ()
    Available from: 2024-04-17 Created: 2024-04-17 Last updated: 2025-01-17
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  • Zhang, Muyi
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Electronic and photonic materials. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Ma, Xiaotian
    Institute of Blue and Green Development, Shandong University, Weihai, P. R. China.
    Esguerra, John Laurence
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Environmental Technology and Management. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Yu, Hongling
    Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden; Clarendon Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
    Hjelm, Olof
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Environmental Technology and Management. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Li, Jiashuo
    Institute of Blue and Green Development, Shandong University, Weihai, P. R. China.
    Gao, Feng
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Electronic and photonic materials. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Towards sustainable perovskite light-emitting diodes2025In: Nature Sustainability, E-ISSN 2398-9629Article, review/survey (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Perovskite light-emitting diodes (PeLEDs) are advancing to become the frontrunner candidates for the next generation of lighting and display technologies. However, despite rapid technical development, a thorough understanding of PeLEDs’ environmental and economic impacts—essential information for future commercialization—is currently lacking. Here we assess the environmental and economic performance of 18 representative PeLEDs, aiming to identify effective industrial techniques to develop sustainable PeLEDs from a life-cycle perspective. We find that, like mature organic LEDs, PeLEDs show excellent environmental performance. In addition, we demonstrate that lead is not a major source of toxicity from PeLEDs. We estimate that, to commercialize PeLEDs and improve their sustainability, their lifetime should reach the order of 10,000 hours to compensate for the relative environmental impacts. The techno-economic assessment indicates that the cost of future PeLEDs will probably be in the vicinity of US$100 m–2, comparable to that of commercial organic LED panels. Overall, this study shows the potential of PeLEDs as next-generation lighting technology from environmental, economic and technical perspectives, providing insights relevant to their future development.

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  • Riis, Inez
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences.
    Lundström, Josefine
    Linköping University, Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences.
    Kreativa aktiviteter som intervention för vuxna med intellektuell funktionsnedsättning och/eller autismspektrumtillstånd: En litteraturstudie2024Independent thesis Basic level (professional degree), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
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  • Kaharevic, Ahmed
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Political Science. Linköping University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences.
    Iacobaeus, Helena
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Political Science. Linköping University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences.
    Gustafsson, Mariana S.
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Political Science. Linköping University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences.
    Digital Citizenship in the Institution Swedish Public Libraries: A Discursive Approach2025In: Proceedings of the Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences, 2025, Vol. 58, p. 2237-2247Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    This paper maps and unpacks the discursive construction of digital citizenship within the institution of public libraries in Sweden, situating it within the broader context of the nation’s digital government. By adopting a discursive approach, the paper responds to the scholarly call for nuanced theoretical insights into the evolving digital citizenship field and reflects upon how an analysis on digital citizenship can further our understanding of digital government. Data sources are the Swedish National Digitalization Strategy, the Swedish Library Act, and library staff interviews.

    Findings show active citizenship as a central idea in the discourse, placing high demands on individuals. In contrast to previous research, this study also finds ideas of a more inclusive citizenship. Finally, the findings show conflicts and ongoing negotiation of what digital citizenship, and thus digital citizens, ought to be, and point towards a need of deepening and questioning our understanding of digital government as inclusive.  

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  • Hultberg, Maja
    Linköping University, Department of Computer and Information Science.
    Validation of a Novel Ambulance Simulator2024Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (Two Years)), 20 credits / 30 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Providing care in a moving ambulance exposes both paramedics and patients to serious safety risks. Combating these risks requires more research into the demands on emergency medical services (EMS) personnel and the design of ambulances and equipment from a human factors and ergonomics (HFE) perspective. An ambulance simulator has recently been developed to aid in such research. The purpose of this thesis was to perform an initial validation of this simulator. EMS workers’ workload, performance, perceived difficulty of medical procedures, simulator sickness, and realism was measured during simulated motorway driving and city driving. Workload, difficulty, and simulator sickness was significantly higher, and performance lower, during simulated city driving than motorway driving. This mimics findings from ambulance driving on test tracks, suggesting that the simulator’s movement affects EMS workers in a similar way to real ambulance driving. Performance also showed an interaction effect, suggesting a training effect for participants who were exposed to the motorway driving first and city driving second. The realism of vehicle characteristics was deemed high, but improvements were suggested. Further research and development of the simulator should examine possible training effects with larger samples, and could explore the effects of other types of movement, road visuals, and sirens.

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  • Blomqvist, Andreas
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Division of Nursing Sciences and Reproductive Health. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences.
    Bäck, Maria
    Linköping University, Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Division of Prevention, Rehabilitation and Community Medicine. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Department of Occupational Therapy and Physiotherapy, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Klompstra, Leonie
    Linköping University, Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Division of Nursing Sciences and Reproductive Health. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences.
    Strömberg, Anna
    Linköping University, Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Division of Nursing Sciences and Reproductive Health. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Region Östergötland, Heart Center, Department of Cardiology in Linköping.
    Jaarsma, Tiny
    Linköping University, Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Division of Nursing Sciences and Reproductive Health. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences.
    Testing the Recruitment Frequency, Implementation Fidelity, and Feasibility of Outcomes of the Heart Failure Activity Coach Study (HEALTHY): Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial2025In: JMIR Formative Research, E-ISSN 2561-326X, Vol. 9, p. e62910-e62910Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Background: Heart failure (HF) is a common and deadly disease, precipitated by physical inactivity and sedentary behavior. Although the 1-year survival rate after the first diagnosis is high, physical inactivity and sedentary behavior are associated with increased mortality and negatively impact the health-related quality of life (HR-QoL).

    Objective: We tested the recruitment frequency, implementation fidelity, and feasibility of outcomes of the Activity Coach app that was developed using an existing mobile health (mHealth) tool, Optilogg, to support older adults with HF to be more physically active and less sedentary.

    Methods: In this pilot clinical randomized controlled trial (RCT), patients with HF who were already using Optilogg to enhance self-care behavior were recruited from 5 primary care health centers in Sweden. Participants were randomized to either have their mHealth tool updated with the Activity Coach app (intervention group) or a sham version (control group). The intervention duration was 12 weeks, and in weeks 1 and 12, the participants wore an accelerometer daily to objectively measure their physical activity. The HR-QoL was measured with the Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire (KCCQ), and subjective goal attainment was assessed using goal attainment scaling. Baseline data were collected from the participants’electronic health records (EHRs).

    Results: We found 67 eligible people using the mHealth tool, of which 30 (45%) initially agreed to participate, with 20 (30%) successfully enrolled and randomized to the control and intervention groups in a ratio of 1:1. The participants’ daily adherence to registering physical activity in the Activity Coach app was 69% (range 24%-97%), and their weekly adherence was 88% (range 58%-100%). The mean goal attainment score was –1.0 (SD 1.1) for the control group versus 0.6 (SD 0.6) for the intervention group (P=.001). The mean change in the overall HR-QoL summary score was –9 (SD 10) for the control group versus 3 (SD 13) in the intervention group (P=.027). There was a significant difference in the physical limitation scores between the control (mean 45, SD 27) and intervention (mean 71, SD 20) groups (P=.04). The average length of sedentary bouts increased by 27 minutes to 458 (SD 84) in the control group minutes and decreased by 0.70 minutes to 391 (SD 117) in the intervention group (P=.22). There was a nonsignificant increase in the mean light physical activity (LPA): 146 (SD 46) versus 207 (SD 80) minutes in the control and intervention groups, respectively (P=.07).

    Conclusions: The recruitment rate was lower than anticipated. An active recruitment process is advised if a future efficacy study is to be conducted. Adherence to the Activity Coach app was high, and it may be able to support older adults with HF in being physically active.

    Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT05235763; https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT05235763

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  • Bonazzi, Riccardo
    et al.
    HES-SO Valais, Wallis, Switzerland.
    Manify, Michelle
    Digital Content Next, USA.
    Viscusi, Gianluigi
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Information Systems and Digitalization. Linköping University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences.
    Gautschi, Heidi
    HEP Lausanne, Switzerland.
    Enhancing Teamwork in News Media: A Design Science Approach to Human-AI Collaboration for Story Planning2025In: Proceedings of the 58th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences / [ed] Tung X. Bui, 2025, p. 1629-1631Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    This ongoing study addresses the increasing need for human-AI collaboration in newsrooms through a conversational system to enhance teamwork. Our prototype leverages retrieval-augmented generation to provide features for content analysis and social networking. Expert evaluation validated the content analysis feature, while highlighting areas for improvement in expert-identification. The preliminary results offer practical insights and design guidelines for human-AI collaboration in news media organizations.  

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  • Public defence: 2025-02-14 13:00 Berzeliussalen, building 463, LinköpingOrder onlineBuy this publication >>
    Törnquist, Per
    Linköping University, Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Division of Diagnostics and Specialist Medicine. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences.
    Tracing Radioactive Contamination: A Case Study of a Research Facility and its Surrounding Marine Environment2025Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    This research examines the dynamics of radioactive discharges in brackish water ecosystems, emphasising their distribution and accumulation in the Baltic Sea in the vicinity of the Swedish nuclear research facility, Studsvik. Since 1959, Studsvik has produced liquid radioactive waste, which includes 60Co, 90Sr, 137Cs, 152Eu and different plutonium isotopes. The contaminated liquid waste undergoes purification at Studsvik's treatment facility. However, it is difficult to eliminate all radioactive substances, thus, the final liquid waste will carry significant amounts of radionuclides. Strictly controlled, aquatic dis-charges of radionuclides have been conducted, with documentation and over-sight from the Swedish Radiation Safety Authority.

    When creating risk assessments and dispersion models, knowledge about the environmental behaviour of different pollutants is essential.

    The aim of this thesis is to determine the faith of the discharges and to evaluate the reliability of the reported discharge data. For Paper I, sediment cores from the vicinity of Studsvik were collected and dated. Analysis of sediment cores indicated that notable quantities of 60Co, 137Cs, and 152Eu have been maintained in the closest bay, although a significant amount has also dispersed into the Baltic Sea. In Paper II, the total discharges of plutonium from Studsvik were reconstructed based on the plutonium in one dated core. The isotope signatures of 238Pu, 239Pu, 240Pu, 241Pu, 242Pu, and 244Pu show the origin of the plutonium in the examined area and reveal traces of the Swedish nuclear program in the 1960s and 1970s.

    In Paper III, deposition maps were constructed to visualise the radionuclides' behaviour and mobility. The results suggest that cesium has the greatest mobility of the radionuclides studied. The studies also indicate that europium is less mobile compared to cobalt. Furthermore, the Chornobyl accident, 1986, continues to be the largest 137Cs source in the examined region.

    The upward transfer of local radioactive discharges through the food chain is of particular interest. In Paper IV, measurements were conducted on the skeletons of three white-tailed eagles, (Haliaeetus albicilla). The plutonium signature suggests that Global Fallout, GF, rather than local discharges, is the main source. The activity levels of 60Co, 137Cs, and 152Eu were below Minimal Detection Activity, MDA, while the activity level of 90Sr, was highest in the bones of an eagle found dead in northern Sweden.

    The results of this study highlight the importance of incorporating site-specific variables into risk assessments and dispersion models to improve emergency preparedness and environmental monitoring initiatives.

    List of papers
    1. On the use of dated sediments to investigate historical nuclear discharges
    Open this publication in new window or tab >>On the use of dated sediments to investigate historical nuclear discharges
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    2023 (English)In: Marine Pollution Bulletin, ISSN 0025-326X, E-ISSN 1879-3363, Vol. 188, article id 114637Article, review/survey (Refereed) Published
    Abstract [en]

    Studsvik, a Swedish nuclear research facility, has been releasing aquatic radioactive discharges in the Baltic Sea, through the bay Tva center dot ren, since 1959. The permissible discharge levels are regulated by the Swedish Radiation Safety Authority (SSM) but only information about 60Co, 137Cs, 152Eu, total alpha and beta activities were re-ported up to 2002. Since then, the reports cover most a more comprehensive set of radionuclides. In this context, the seabed can be utilized as a chronological archive to investigate historical Studsvik releases. To this end, 23 sediment cores covering the whole area of the bay were studied and 5 of them were dated using 210Pb-dating methods. Since the discharges from Studsvik contain both plutonium and caesium, neither can be used to validate the 210Pb-dating method. Instead, stable lead with maximum deposition, known to be dated to 1970, was used. Cobalt-60, 137Cs, and 152Eu depth distributions were studied from the dated sediment cores and compared with reported levels of aquatic discharges. The expected sediment 137Cs-peak from the fallout from the Chornobyl accident was however smeared out, indicating an ongoing inflow of 137Cs with the Baltic seawater. Our findings show that reported releases of aquatic discharges of 60Co and 152Eu are consistent with measured sediment activity distribution. The sediments from the deepest parts of Tva center dot ren, with intact chronology and with a high time resolution, are ideal for investigating historical nuclear discharges and can be a tool to investigate unreported radionuclide releases. Dated sediment can in this way be a tool for nuclear safeguards to evaluate past and present activities in nuclear facilities.

    Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
    PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD, 2023
    Keywords
    Baltic Sea; Radioactive discharges; 210Pb-dating; Nuclear facility; Sediment; Eu-152
    National Category
    Geology
    Identifiers
    urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-192308 (URN)10.1016/j.marpolbul.2023.114637 (DOI)000927941400001 ()36731376 (PubMedID)
    Note

    Funding Agencies|Swedish Radiation Safety Authority

    Available from: 2023-03-13 Created: 2023-03-13 Last updated: 2025-01-15
    2. Plutonium Signatures in a Dated Sediment Core as a Tool to Reveal Nuclear Sources in the Baltic Sea
    Open this publication in new window or tab >>Plutonium Signatures in a Dated Sediment Core as a Tool to Reveal Nuclear Sources in the Baltic Sea
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    2023 (English)In: Environmental Science and Technology, ISSN 0013-936X, E-ISSN 1520-5851, Vol. 57, no 5, p. 1959-1969Article in journal (Refereed) Published
    Abstract [en]

    Plutonium distribution was studied in an undisturbed sediment core sampled from the Tvaren bay in the vicinity of the Studsvik nuclear facility in Sweden. The complete analysis, including minor isotopes, of the Pu isotope composition (238Pu, 239Pu, oPu, 241Pu, 242Pu, and 244Pu) allowed us to establish the Pu origin in this area of the Baltic Sea and to reconstruct the Studsvik aquatic release history. The results show highly enriched 239Pu, probably originating from the Swedish nuclear program in the 1960s and 1970s and the handling of high burn-up nuclear fuel in the later years. In addition, the 244Pu/239Pu atomic ratio for the global fallout period between 1958 and 1965 is suggested to be (7.94 +/- 0.31)center dot 10-5. In the bottom layer of the sediment, dated 1953-1957, we detected a higher average 244Pu/239Pu ratio of (1.51 +/- 0.11)center dot 10-4, indicating the possible impact of the first US thermonuclear tests (1952-1958).

    Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
    AMER CHEMICAL SOC, 2023
    Keywords
    Pu isotopes; plutonium-244; Baltic Sea; sediment; global fallout; Studsvik nuclear facility; radioactive liquid discharges; accelerator mass spectrometry
    National Category
    Geology
    Identifiers
    urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-192194 (URN)10.1021/acs.est.2c07437 (DOI)000922166200001 ()36690010 (PubMedID)
    Note

    Funding Agencies|Swedish Radiation Safety Authority (SSM) [SSM2020-643]; Spanish Goverment (Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovaci?n y Universidades) [PGC2018-094546-B-I00]

    Available from: 2023-03-09 Created: 2023-03-09 Last updated: 2025-01-15
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  • Wegbrant, Hanna
    et al.
    Linköping University.
    Brandt, Hanna
    Linköping University.
    Lärares upplevelse av sin arbetsmiljö och hur det inverkar i vardagliga aktiviteter2025Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [sv]

    Bakgrund: Ett alarmerande antal lärare rapporterar stress på grund av arbetet. Många ärsjukskrivna på grund av stress och arbetsmiljön beskrivs vara en orsak till att lärare lämnatyrket. Syfte: Syftet är att beskriva hur lärare upplever sin arbetsmiljö och om det inverkar påvardagliga aktiviteter. Metod: För att besvara syftet användes en kvalitativ metod där datainhämtades från tio förskole- och grundskollärare genom intervjuer med intervjuguide. Dataanalyserades genom tematisk analys i sex steg. Resultat: De flesta upplevde trånga arbetsrumoch mycket ljud som ledde till huvudvärk och trötthet som påverkade ork hemma. Relationentill eleverna var det viktigaste och roligaste i lärarnas arbetsmiljö samtidigt som det var ettväldigt svårt uppdrag som kunde leda till trötthet, otillräcklighet på jobbet och mindre ork ihemmet. Organisatoriska förutsättningar ledde till att det blev svårt att hinna med att göra såmycket som informanterna ville. De flesta upplevde att bra stöd från kollegor och fungerandeledarskap underlättade arbetet. Konklusion: Resultatet visar att det finns utmaningar i alla fyraframtagna temana. Känslan av att inte räcka till för de lärare som inte kan acceptera det ochstress riskerar att leda till sjukskrivning eller att de slutar som lärare.

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  • Florin, Axel
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Applied Thermodynamics and Fluid Mechanics.
    Hybrid RANS-LES methodologies for aircraft air intake applications2024Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (Two Years)), 20 credits / 30 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Fluid simulations occupy an important role in air intake design in the field of aeronautical engineering, where capable and accurate methods are essential. HighReynolds numbers permeates the field and pose computational challenges for scale resolving simulations such as Large Eddy Simulations. Hybrid RANS-LES methodsare therefore considered appealing, but entail certain inherent problems. This the-sis has explored DDES-based hybrid concepts, namely the DDES with length scale∆max and ∆SLA, the σ-DDES with length scale ˜∆ω, and the IDDES, in an effort to determine the extent of the problems and maturity of the models using unstructured grids, in the flow solver M-Edge. The definitive aim is to provide guidelines for usage of the models for air intake related flow phenomena. Two validation cases were inquired into, the 2D wall mounted hump, and the sub-sonic Eikon intake. The former intending to assess the models ability to predict separation over a smooth body and the subsequent reattachment. The latter intending to assess the models ability to predict important indicators of intake performance, e.g. total pressure recovery.Models σ-DDES with length scale ˜∆ω and DDES with length scale ∆max proved to be most robust, but the latter provided unsatisfactory results. Furthermore, it was observed that the DDES with length scale ∆SLA and the IDDES possessed functions that were not working as originally intended when using unstructured grids. Hence, the only model applicable for the unstructured grid type was the σ-DDES.

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  • Parkinson, Lucy
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Behavioural Sciences and Learning.
    Elofsson, Julia
    Linköping University, Department of Behavioural Sciences and Learning.
    “Jag tror att de flesta känner en nyfikenhet, men att man kanske också känner sig lite osäker för att man inte själv vet riktigt”: En studie om lågstadielärares erfarenheter av digitala verktyg och attityder till AI när det gäller utvecklandet av sin och sina elevers digitala kompetens2024Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [sv]

    Utan strikta etiska riktlinjer för hur AI-drivna verktyg och utbildningsprogram ska utvecklas växer implementeringen av dessa AI-artefakter i utbildningssystemet. Med detta växer också politiska och etiska frågor kring deras användning och påverkan på utbildningssystemets framtid. Syftet med vårt examensarbete är därför att utforska vilka erfarenheter lågstadielärare har av att använda olika digitala verktyg, speciellt AI, i undervisningen. Detta för att se hur deras digitala kompetens ser ut just nu, samt hur deras intention att utveckla denna digitala kompetens, utan eller i relation till AI, ser ut. Detta undersöks genom kvalitativa semistrukturerade intervjuer med 10 lågstadielärare från fyra olika svenska kommuner. Vårt resultat visar att alla lärare använder digitala verktyg i klassrummet, men att resursfördelningar påverkar elevernas möjligheter till utvecklandet av digital kompetens ju längre ner man är i årskurserna. Vidare uttrycker de flestalärare osäkerhet och beskriver sig ha ytliga kunskaper om AI. Det finns inga lärare med helt negativa eller positiva attityder till AI, dock finns det neutralitet gentemot AI. I diskussionen lyfts möjliga utmaningar för utvecklandet av digital kompetens hos lärare och elever samt vikten av att involvera lågstadielärares röster i frågan om implementeringen av AI i skolan.

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  • Almström, Emma
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Behavioural Sciences and Learning.
    Czechowski, Hanna
    Linköping University, Department of Behavioural Sciences and Learning.
    "Allt vi gör är ju kopplat till läroplanen": En fenomenografisk studie om likvärdig undervisning i fritidshem2024Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
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  • Eriksson, Madeleine
    Linköping University, Department of Behavioural Sciences and Learning.
    Generativ AI och historieundervisningen: En strukturerad litteraturstudie om fördelar, nackdelar och didaktiska villkor för att inkorporera generativ AI i undervisning2024Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [sv]

    Syftet med denna strukturerade litteraturstudie är att undersöka hur generativ AI kan inkorporeras i de tidiga skolårens historieundervisning. Studien genomförs genom att titta på fördelar och nackdelar med att inkorporera generativ AI i undervisning såväl som didaktiska villkor för det. Resultaten sammanställs genom en latent innehållsanalys där svaren på frågeställningarna presenteras i form av vanligt förekommande teman. Fördelar med generativ AI inkluderar interaktivitet, inkludering, administration och att det är en nytänkande undervisningsmetod. Nackdelar inkluderar faktafel och bias, avsaknad av mänskliga faktorn, etiska faktorer och säkerhetsrisk såväl som att det blir en utmaning att följa läroplanen. Till didaktiska villkor för att kunna implementera AI hör granskning, utbildning, etik och att det endast kan användas som ett komplement. I diskussionen presenteras förslag på hur riskerna kan hanteras såväl som förslag på didaktiska tillämpningar. Diskussionen konstaterar att den aktuella forskningen visar en viss teknikoptimism, där fördelarna också bör testas i praktiken. Det fastslås att mer empirisk forskning är nödvändig för att granska hur implementeringen i verkligheten skulle fungera.

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  • Höglund, Lisa
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Behavioural Sciences and Learning.
    Hansen, Mathilda
    Linköping University, Department of Behavioural Sciences and Learning.
    Kontroversiella frågor i religionsundervisningen: En strukturerad litteraturstudie med fokus på årskurs 1–32024Independent thesis Basic level (professional degree), 20 credits / 30 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [sv]

    Avsikten med denna strukturerade litteraturstudie är att undersöka hur lärare kan arbeta med och hantera kontroversiella frågor i klassrummet kopplat till religionsundervisningen. Vi kommer även att fördjupa oss i vad som kännetecknar en kontroversiell fråga i religionsundervisningen. Vi har i studien valt att utgå från följande frågeställningar: Vad kännetecknar en kontroversiell fråga i religionsundervisningen? Hur kan lärare hantera kontroversiella frågor i sin religionsundervisning? För att besvara dessa frågeställningar har vi samlat in relevant forskning genom manuell – och databassökning. Urvalet av den forskning vi funnit resulterade i nio relevanta artiklar som vi sedan analyserade genom en innehållsanalys. Forskningresultatet åskådliggör att en kontroversiell fråga är svår att identifiera och vad som anses vara kontroversiellt kan variera från person till person beroende på bland annat tidigare erfarenheter. Fortsatt visar forskningsresultaten att en trygg klassrumsmiljö hjälper läraren att hantera kontroversiella frågor i sin undervisning. 

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  • Åman, Terese
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Behavioural Sciences and Learning.
    Thelander, Tone
    Linköping University, Department of Behavioural Sciences and Learning.
    Artkunskapens betydelse för biologisk mångfald och hållbar utveckling: En systematisk litteraturstudie om lärarstudenters förmågor i artkunskap och utomhuspedagogik som inlärningsmetod2024Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
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  • Janssen, Ellen
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Behavioural Sciences and Learning.
    Larsson, Emmie
    Linköping University, Department of Behavioural Sciences and Learning.
    Multimodalitet i naturorienterande ämnen: En systematisk litteraturstudie om multimodalt arbetssätt i naturorienterande ämnen i de tidiga skolåren2024Independent thesis Basic level (professional degree), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [sv]

    Studiens syfte är att undersöka och analysera ämnesdidaktisk forskning relaterat till ett multimodalt arbetssätt inom naturorienterande ämnen i de tidiga skolåren årskurs 1–3. Som metod har en systematisk litteraturstudie använts. Därigenom har sökningar gjorts utifrån olika databaser för att hitta och lyfta fram relevanta artiklar som följaktligen ligger till grund för studiens resultat. I studiens resultat framkommer tre centrala teman som identifierats i de utvalda artiklarna. Dessa teman är 1) Multimodala arbetssätt inom naturorienterande ämnen, 2) Multimodalitet och språk och 3) Lärarens roll i undervisningen utifrån ett multimodalt arbetssätt. Utifrån ovanstående teman har två underteman identifierats till varje tema, där har resultatet analyserats utifrån underteman. Analysen av studiens resultat redogör för olika multimodala arbetssätt kopplade till undervisning inom naturorienterande ämnen, följaktligen hur det hjälper elevers inlärning av ett naturvetenskapligt språk samt slutligen vad lärarens roll betyder för lärandet i naturorientande ämnen kopplat till ett multimodalt arbetssätt. Slutsatser som kan redovisas utifrån studien tyder på att multimodala arbetssätt kopplade till naturorienterande ämnen är fördelaktigt av flera olika anledningar. Dels skapar det en bredare förståelse för innehållet hos eleverna, dels framhålls fördelar för elevers inlärning av det naturvetenskapliga språket genom att synliggöra språket utifrån olika multimodaliteter. En vidare slutsats utifrån studien är att lärarens roll är central för att skapa meningsfulla lärandemiljöer för elever. 

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  • Hammar Komarica, Daniel
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Behavioural Sciences and Learning, Division of Learning, Aesthetics, Natural Science.
    Schönborg, Amanda
    Linköping University, Department of Behavioural Sciences and Learning, Division of Learning, Aesthetics, Natural Science.
    Pedagogiska planeringar i fritidshemmet - En kvalitativ studie om hur personal i fritidshem beskriver sitt arbete med pedagogiska planeringar som verktyg i undervisningen2024Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [sv]

    Syftet med studien är att undersöka hur personal i fritidshem beskriver att de arbetar med pedagogiska planeringar. Frågeställningarna som vår studie bygger på är följande; Vilka förutsättningar finns för personal att arbeta med pedagogiska planeringar i fritidshem? Hur beskriver personalen att de planerar för undervisningen i fritidshemmet? Hur används planeringar för att genomföra, följa upp samt utvärdera undervisningen?

    Vi utgår från ett socialkonstruktivistiskt perspektiv i studiens metodologi och som analysmetod har vi använt oss av tematisk analys. Studiens empiri har samlats in genom semistrukturerade intervjuer i fokusgrupper bestående av personal som arbetar i fritidshem. Genom informanternas beskrivningar av deras arbete med pedagogiska planeringar i verksamheten har vi skapat förståelse för hur olika förutsättningar såsom tid, pedagogisk ledning samt elevgrupp påverkar arbetet. Vi har också fått inblick i vikten av att förstå och ha samsyn kring olika begrepp och att dessa har olika effekt på personalens förhållningssätt och arbetssätt med pedagogiska planeringar. Vidare visar studien att det finns utvecklingsmöjligheter gällande det administrativa arbetet då större delen av detta arbete oftast görs informellt.

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  • Joonas, Moa
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Behavioural Sciences and Learning.
    Allvin, Maja
    Linköping University, Department of Behavioural Sciences and Learning.
    Användningen av utomhuspedagogik i biologi: En systematisk litteraturstudie om utomhuspedagogik som undervisningsmetod i de lägre åldrarna i biologi2024Independent thesis Basic level (professional degree), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [sv]

    Detta arbete handlar om hur utomhuspedagogik används av lärare i ämnet biologi och hur elevers motivation samt intresse för biologi kan öka. Studien tar sin utgångspunkt i årskurserna F-3. Metoden som ligger till grund för studien är en systematisk litteraturstudie där relevant forskning hittats genom sökningar i databaser. I analysen framkommer två centrala teman; motiv för att arbeta med utomhuspedagogik och hinder för användandet av utomhuspedagogik i biologi. Resultatet visar att utomhuspedagogik kan användas i biologi för att öka elevernas motivation och intresse för ämnet. Vidare visar resultatet att lärare ser konkret lärande och samarbete med lärare och experter som anledningar till att implementera utomhuspedagogik, men vissa hinder gör att utomhuspedagogik väljs bort. Analysens resultat diskuteras i en kritisk framställning som lyfter frågor om läroplanens koppling till utomhuspedagogik samt hur det konkreta lärandet kan öka elevers motivation och intresse för biologi. Arbetet avslutas med slutsatser som pekar på att lärare är villiga att använda utomhuspedagogik men flertalet hinder gör att det väljs bort. Även att utomhuspedagogiken utifrån elevernas synvinkel bidrar till att intresset och motivationen för biologi kan öka.

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  • Andersson, Ellen
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Behavioural Sciences and Learning.
    Frick, Ellinor
    Linköping University, Department of Behavioural Sciences and Learning.
    Kännetecken för god läsförståelseundervisning och dess inverkan på matematikundervisning: En litteraturstudie kring hur lärare och elever kan främjas i det dagliga arbetet med läsförståelseundervisning samt dess betydelse för matematiska färdigheter2024Independent thesis Basic level (professional degree), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [sv]

    Syftet med denna studie var att undersöka om och i vilken utsträckning läsförståelse har betydelse för elevernas färdigheter inom matematik, samt vilka undervisningsmetoder som är gynnsamma för elevers läsförståelse. Vi har genomfört en systematisk litteraturstudie som har inkluderat 13 artiklar inom områdena vi granskat. Metoden för datainsamling har skett genom databassökning via ERIC, Unisearch och Google Scholar samt via manuell sökning. Den första frågeställningen syftar till att besvara hur läsförståelseförmågan korrelerar med matematiska färdigheter. Det finns belägg för att god läsförmåga främjar undervisning i andra ämnen, såsom matematik. I vår analys av studier som undersökt sambandet, kan det konkluderas att läsförståelsen är tätt relaterad med matematiska färdigheter. Det framgår dessutom att problemlösning är en av de matematiska förmågor som gagnas mest av en väl utvecklad läsförståelse. Att läsförståelsen är en bidragande faktor för utveckling inom matematik, gör läsförståelsefrämjande undervisning mer betydelsefull. Vår forskningsöversikt syftar också till att undersöka framgångsrika undervisningsmetoder för elevers läsförståelse. Våra resultat visar att metoder som Transactional strategy instruction (TSI) och Explicit undervisning (EX), Collarborative Strategic Reading (CSR) och Reciprocal Teaching (RT) bör särskilt uppmärksammas. TSI och EX syftar till att lära ut alternativa strategier, där eleverna själva ska välja lämplig strategi beroende på textstruktur. RT och CSR är exempel på metoder som ger eleverna en redan färdig struktur att följa i arbete med förståelse av text. Lärare har en betydande roll i alla dessa metoder och är viktig för en god läsförståelseutveckling. Främst handlar lärarens roll om att modellera och vara en stöttepelare i elevernas strategianvändning. Sammanfattningsvis drar vi slutsatsen att TSI, EX, CSR och RT är undervisningsmetoder som främjar elevers läsförståelse samt att läsförståelse och matematiska färdigheter, i synnerhet problemlösning, gynnas av en god läsförståelse.  

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  • Vikblad, Martin
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Lien, Steve
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Conceptual Design of a Long Range, Low Speed Electric Drone System2042Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (Two Years)), 20 credits / 30 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    In the current situation of aircraft and airborne vehicle designs most of the developed designsare still not utilizing electric powered means for their main propulsion system, with fewexceptions. This study aims to conceive such a design for a proposed vehicle system with amission of surveying a vehicle along a land-road route of approximately 600 km and analyzefeasibility of using electric powered means for the design, the limitations such technologymay impose on the performance as well as the requirements for a design, if such means arefeasible, to fulfill the desired mission.

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    Conceptual Design of a Long Range, Low Speed Electric Drone System
  • Papadopoulos, Kyriakos
    Linköping University, Department of Computer and Information Science.
    Semi-Supervised learning forjoint Visual Odometry and DepthEstimation2024Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (Two Years)), 20 credits / 30 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Autonomous driving has seen huge interest and improvements in the last few years. Two important functions of autonomous driving is the depth and visual odometry estimation. Depth estimation refers to determining the distance from the camera to each pointin the scene captured by the camera, while the visual odometry refers to estimation of egomotion using images recorded by the camera. The algorithm presented by Zhou et al. [1] is a completely unsupervised algorithm for depth and ego motion estimation.

    This thesis sets out to minimize ambiguity and enhance performance of the algorithm [1]. The purpose of the mentioned algorithm is to estimate the depth map given an image, from a camera attached to the agent, and the ego motion of the agent, in the case ofthe thesis, the agent is a vehicle. The algorithm lacks the ability to make predictions inthe true scale in both depth and ego motion, said differently, it suffers from ambiguity. Two extensions of the method were developed by changing the loss function of the algorithm and supervising ego motion. Both methods show a remarkable improvement in theirperformance and reduced ambiguity, utilizing only the ego motion ground data which issignificantly easier to access than depth ground truth data

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  • Ahlgren, Mathias
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Computer and Information Science.
    Sjöberg, David
    Linköping University, Department of Computer and Information Science.
    Celik Yildirim, Mehmet
    Linköping University, Department of Computer and Information Science.
    Nilsson, Edvard
    Linköping University, Department of Computer and Information Science.
    Nilsson, Anton
    Linköping University, Department of Computer and Information Science.
    Jarhede, Leo
    Linköping University, Department of Computer and Information Science.
    Näs, Christoffer
    Linköping University, Department of Computer and Information Science.
    Gardshol, Linus
    Linköping University, Department of Computer and Information Science.
    Positionering av ljudhändelser i öppna miljöer2024Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
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  • Ismael, Azmar
    Linköping University, Department of Electrical Engineering, Information Coding.
    Hardware Acceleration of Toeplitz Hashing Algorithm2025Independent thesis Basic level (university diploma), 14 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    In today’s digital society, increasingly large volumes of data are handled, whichrequires more and more efficient hardware chips. Until now, the transistor industry has managed to maintain an exponential rate of efficiency improvement by doubling the number of transistors that fit on a chip every 18 months, a phenomenon known as Moore’s Law. But new observations indicate that this law has slowed down and new solutions are needed to meet the need. This work describes the implementation of hardware acceleration of Toeplitz Hashing Algorithm on an FPGA as a proof of concept. It details the tools used, the structure of the VHDL design that was utilized and what the results of the acceleration are, and compares the VHDL design with an equivalent implementation done in Python’s NumPy library. For detailed results, several sizes of data have been used and time has been measured for retrieval, execution and storage. The work also suggests potential further improvements of the design that were not implemented due to time and resource constraints. This work found that there is considerable potential for hardware acceleration of Toeplitz Hashing Algorithm, with a user test case being twice as fast as the Python implementation and that the time cost for the execution of the algorithm was significantly smaller, 1.85% of the time cost for the Python implementation.

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  • Public defence: 2025-02-14 09:00 K1, NorrköpingOrder onlineBuy this publication >>
    Lin, Cheng
    Linköping University, The Institute for Analytical Sociology, IAS. Linköping University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences.
    Navigating Stronger Evidence: Unobservable Processes and Causal Mechanisms in Social Trajectories2025Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    This dissertation explores the interplay between statistical causal inference and mechanism-based explanations in analytical sociology, focusing on the challenge of unobservable processes and their implications for robust causal explanations. Analytical sociology emphasizes the importance of mechanisms in understanding social phenomena but often grapples with the integration of statistical causal inference methods. By combining two prominent frameworks—the structural causal model (SCM) and the potential outcomes approach (PO)—this work bridges gaps in addressing unmeasured confounders and alternative mechanisms. It contributes to the advancement of theory-driven causal inference by emphasizing evidential pluralism and triangulation, integrating diverse forms of evidence to enhance the validity of causal claims.

    The dissertation comprises three empirical papers, each addressing a critical research question. Paper 1 investigates the mediating role of disadvantaged neighborhoods in social assistance dependency in Sweden. Using Swedish register data, it identifies pathways linking early social assistance usage, neighborhood disadvantage, and long-term dependency. Results indicate that disadvantaged neighborhoods play a central mediating role, especially for individuals at high risk of early social assistance, highlighting the interplay of contextual and individual-level mechanisms. Paper 2 examines the relationship between homeownership and unemployment, exploring temporal dynamics and effect heterogeneity across migration backgrounds, education levels, and neighborhood characteristics. Employing advanced causal inference methods, the study finds that homeownership provides protective effects against unemployment, with stronger effects observed for immigrant homeowners. These findings underscore the nuanced, context-specific mechanisms underlying the homeownership-unemployment nexus. Paper 3 addresses the role of unmeasured confounders in neighborhood selection and broader sociological research. Through a scoping review and an expanded sensitivity analysis framework, this paper demonstrates the importance of assessing potential biases and alternative explanations in causal studies. It provides methodological guidance for evaluating the impact of unobservable processes across different empirical settings.

    Together, these papers as main cases advance analytical sociology by integrating statistical causal inference and mechanistic reasoning to provide robust, theory-driven explanations of complex social phenomena. By addressing unobservable processes and emphasizing evidential pluralism, this dissertation contributes to the development of more comprehensive and context-sensitive sociological insights.

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  • Enarsson, Josefine
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology.
    Cyclization in Curcuminoids and Its Role in Binding to Plaque-Forming Amyloid-beta Fibrils in Alzheimer's Disease2024Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10,5 credits / 16 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Recent advancements in biomedical research has not only led to enhancement in hu- man health, but also extended life expectancy. As a result of this, age-related diseases such as Alzheimer’s Disease has become more frequent. Alterations in the cleavage of amyloid precursor protein and production of amyloid-beta fragments, combined with the aggregation of hyperphosphorylated tau protein leads to diminished synaptic strength, synaptic loss and ultimately, neurodegeneration. This dreadful disease has enormous im- pacts on both a societal and individual level. Therefore, it is more important than ever that a cure is developed in the near future. Curcumin, a phytochemical derived from turmeric, has been found to be a potential candidate for clearance of the toxic fibrils in the brain. However, the bioavailability of the molecule is rather limited. This thesis addresses different analogues of curcumin, concentrating on cyclized compounds, and if they are potent binders of amyloid-beta fibrils. Six different curcuminoids were tested on both amyloid plaques in murine brain sections and free fibrils produced in vitro. The principal methodology used was fluorescence microscopy where the fluorescence intensity reflects the degree of binding. Two curcuminoids except curcumin stood out, these being the natural compound bis-demethoxycurcumin and a heterocyclic analogue called JZ-41.

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  • Kaldenvik, Matilda
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Behavioural Sciences and Learning, Psychology.
    Andreas, Forsberg
    Linköping University, Department of Behavioural Sciences and Learning, Psychology.
    Vägen till spelfriheten: - yrkesverksammas upplevelser kring stöd och behandling av spelberoende2023Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Pathological gambling is a growing public health problem in Sweden that costs the state around 14 billion every year. The aim of this study was to investigate how health care and social services can achieve a favorable prevention work regarding the target group of gambling addicts by investigating what interventions look like in today's society for individuals with an established gambling addiction and how these are experienced by professionals within the target group. The following questions formed the basis for answering the purpose of the study: i) How do professionals view who bears responsibility for support and treatment for gambling addiction?, ii) How do professionals perceive support efforts from the health care and social services when it comes to combating gambling addiction?, iii ) In what way can responsible actors create good conditions for individuals with gambling addiction to be given the opportunity for rehabilitation? 

    The results of the inductive thematic analysis identified three main themes and eight subthemes. The core of the entire analysis was a lack of clarity in the question of responsibility, which in turn affects the current situation but also the improved situation. Under the current situation, stigma, outpatient care, lack of resources and lack of clarity were identified. Under these themes there are a total of five sub-themes, which are feelings of guilt and shame, high loading, falling between the seats, knowledge and who does what?. During the improved situation four themes were identified, questionnaires gambling habits, increased resources, strengthened cooperation and increased legitimacy. Under these themes, there are a total of nine sub-themes, which are reduced care queues, treatment center, aftercare, education, care for relatives, between agencies, financial transfer, clarity and guilt and shame. The current situation changes to the improved situation and the conclusion is thus that clarity in the issue of responsibility and increased resources could create a kind of chain reaction and contribute to more effective change work regarding support and treatment of gambling addiction.

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  • Mlakar, Olof
    Linköping University, Department of Computer and Information Science.
    Investigation of Spoken Language Identification Algorithms, Methods and Models on Assets in the Video Domain2024Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (Two Years)), 20 credits / 30 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Video and content distribution is an ever-growing industry and as the user base and market grows, the demand for insight by content providers increases. One of the insights that can be of interest is the language used in a video asset. Language information can be provided alongside a video asset, however, there is no guarantee that the information is correct or exists at all. With this background, a thesis project was suggested by Agama Technologies to investigate the potential to analyze the assets themselves to determine the spoken language. With this objective, an investigation into what current methods for Spoken Language IDentification (SLID) exist, their performance on assets from the video domain (specifically theatrical movies), and whether the performance could be improved by speech enhancement was conducted. During the thesis, three main methods for SLID were studied to determine their use in classifying spoken language in video assets. There was a CRNN model, an ECAPA-TDNN model, and a Transformer model that had been trained to identify spoken language from audio files. The evaluation was made on a limited custom dataset and the main evaluation metric used was the F1 score. The thesis also investigated the potential to use speech enhancement in the form of denoising, on assets intended for evaluation, to determine what effect it would have on the studied model’s performance. The thesis conclusion suggests that among the studied methods, the Transformer model, trained on the VoxLingua107 dataset, is best suited to be used for SLID on assets from the video domain. The addition of speech enhancement in the form of denoising does increase the performance in some instances but the best-performing models do not benefit from the speech enhancement. On the contrary, the performance decreases when speech enhancement is used on the Transformer models.

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  • Lindberg, Albin
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Commercial and Business Law. Linköping University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences.
    Hultholm, William
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Commercial and Business Law. Linköping University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences.
    Prisavdrag enligt jordabalken: – En analys av beräkningsmetoder och prisavdrag som enskild påföljd vid fel i fastighet.2024Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Marknaden för köp av småhus är väldigt omfattande och viktig i ett flertal perspektiv. Från enindivids perspektiv är det ett livsbeslut som påverkar sociala faktorer och en ekonomisköverföring som är den största som många människor gör i sitt liv. I ett samhälleligt perspektivär marknaden för småhus viktig för att den omsätter väldigt mycket kapital. Samtidigtpåverkar fastighetsmarknaden andra samhällsfaktorer som var folk bosätter sig och jobbar.

    Om en fastighet efter köp visar sig vara behäftad med fel kan ett flertal olika påföljder bliaktuella. Beaktat felets omfång kan ett yrkande om hävning, prisavdrag och skadestånd görasgällande. Avkastningsränta kan även användas för att återställa balansen mellan parterna somrubbats av felet. Det är dock inte alltid ett flertal påföljder kan göras gällande. I vissasituationer är prisavdraget den enda påföljden som aktualiseras och den agerar således somenskild påföljd. Det är dessa situationer som belyses i uppsatsen.

    Prisavdrag är en påföljd som funnits i den svenska köprätten sedan år 1905. I samband medfastighetsköp har prisavdrag kunnat göras gällande sedan den moderna jordabalken infördesår 1970. Under en lång tid var det inte preciserat hur prisavdraget skulle beräknas, men detändrades av lagstiftaren år 1990 när en proposition om konsumentskydd vid förvärv avsmåhus röstades igenom i riksdagen. Det som då infördes var den så kallade proportionellametoden i form av lagrummet 4 kap. 19 c § JB.

    Både innan och efter dess införande har den proportionella metoden kritiserats från flera olikahåll. Diskussionen har på senare år avtagit, frågan behandlas inte på något omfattande vis inärtid. I denna uppsats diskuteras problematiken som har uppstått, och som kan uppstå närden proportionella metoden tillämpas i praktiken. Teoretiska fall diskuteras och det utförs enundersökning av hur metoden tillämpas praktiskt av domstolarna. I analysen lyfts alternativametoder för hur prisavdraget kan beräknas. Där diskuteras metoder som tillämpats tidigare avdomstolarna och andra metoder som tillämpas inom närliggande rättsområden. Slutsatsen avdenna uppsats är att den proportionella metodens brister är så pass stora att den ej uppfyllermotivet som lagstiftaren hade vid införandet och att prisavdraget bör beräknas enligtdirektmetoden istället. Slutsatsen konkretiseras sedan i form av ett nytt lagrum i det sjättekapitlet.

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  • Dahlin, Sofia
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Behavioural Sciences and Learning. Linköping University, Faculty of Educational Sciences, Dean's Office, Faculty of Educational Sciences.
    Swall, Sofie
    Linköping University, Department of Behavioural Sciences and Learning. Linköping University, Faculty of Educational Sciences, Dean's Office, Faculty of Educational Sciences.
    Matematikundervisning för elever med ADHD: En litteraturstudie om svårigheter och anpassningar i matematikundervisningen för elever med ADHD i årskurs F-62024Independent thesis Basic level (professional degree), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [sv]

    Studien syftar till att undersöka vilka svårigheter elever med ADHD i årskurs F-6 har i matematikundervisningen och hur lärare kan anpassa sin matematikundervisning. För att studien ska gynna framtida yrkesprofession undersöktes hur lärare i sin undervisning kan underlätta för elever med ADHD. Studien är en litteraturstudie där insamling och granskning av artiklar har besvarat studiens frågeställningar och syfte. Materialet samlades in via databasen ERIC. Resultatet visar att elever med ADHD kan ha svårigheter med arbetsminne, självreglering, impulsivitet och motivation. Anpassningar som föreslås i resultatet är kartläggning, tidsintervall, hjälp med arbetsminnet, problemlösningsstrategier och extra anpassningar.   

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  • Cederqvist, Hanna
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Behavioural Sciences and Learning. Linköping University, Faculty of Educational Sciences, Dean's Office, Faculty of Educational Sciences.
    Fredriksson, Ida
    Linköping University, Department of Behavioural Sciences and Learning. Linköping University, Faculty of Educational Sciences, Dean's Office, Faculty of Educational Sciences.
    Svårigheter och effektiv undervisning i algebra: En litteraturstudie om mellanstadieelevers svårigheter vid algebrainlärning och lärares effektiva undervisningsmetoder i algebra2024Independent thesis Basic level (professional degree), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [sv]

    Algebra utgör en central del av matematiken och är ett värdefullt verktyg för att lösa flera typer av uppgifter. Det är emellertid ett område många elever upplever som utmanande. Syftet med denna litteraturstudie är att undersöka vilka svårigheter mellanstadieelever kan ha inom matematikområdet algebra, samt hur lärare kan undervisa effektivt om ämnet. För att samla in data till studien genomfördes databassökningar. Dessa resulterade i ett urval av flera artiklar som analyserades och bearbetades. Resultatet av denna studie visar att elevers svårigheter i algebra rör likhetstecknet, ekvationer, sammanbindning av siffror och bokstäver, samt parenteser. Utöver det framkommer flera effektiva undervisningsmetoder. Gemensamt för dessa är att de står i kontrast till traditionell undervisning.

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  • Rothkopf, Alexander
    et al.
    Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Stavanger, Stavanger, Norway.
    Horowitz, W.A.
    Department of Physics, University of Cape Town, Rondenbosch, South Africa.
    Nordström, Jan
    Linköping University, Department of Mathematics, Applied Mathematics. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering. Department of Mathematics and Applied Mathematics, University of Johannesburg, Auckland Park, South Africa.
    Exact symmetry conservation and automatic mesh refinement in discrete initial boundary value problems2025In: Journal of Computational Physics, ISSN 0021-9991, E-ISSN 1090-2716, Vol. 524, article id 113686Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    We present a novel solution procedure for initial boundary value problems. The procedure is based on an action principle, in which coordinate maps are included as dynamical degrees of freedom. This reparametrization invariant action is formulated in an abstract parameter space and an energy density scale associated with the space-time coordinates separates the dynamics of the coordinate maps and of the propagating fields. Treating coordinates as dependent, i.e. dynamical quantities, offers the opportunity to discretize the action while retaining all space-time symmetries and also provides the basis for automatic adaptive mesh refinement (AMR). The presence of unbroken space-time symmetries after discretization also ensures that the associated continuum Noether charges remain exactly conserved. The presence of coordinate maps in addition provides new freedom in the choice of boundary conditions. An explicit numerical example for wave propagation in 1+1 dimensions is provided, using recently developed regularized summation-by-parts finite difference operators.

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  • Zaitoun, Fatima
    Linköping University, Department of Culture and Society.
    The Portrayal of Hester Prynne as a Proto-Feminist Character in Nathaniel Hawthorne's The Scarlet Letter2024Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
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  • Carlstein, Ebba
    Linköping University, Department of Culture and Society.
    Transgression in Gothic Short Fiction: Shirley Jackson's The Lottery and Other Stories2024Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (One Year)), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
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  • Public defence: 2025-02-21 13:00 ACAS, A-building, LinköpingOrder onlineBuy this publication >>
    Iacobaeus, Helena
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Political Science. Linköping University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences.
    Please Handle with Discretion: Discretionary boundaries of street-level bureaucrats working for digital inclusion2025Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    During rapid changes in the digital era, there is a need to understand changes at the micro level, close to the citizen, where policy is enacted, reiterated and, sometimes, subtly changed. By studying how street-level bureaucrats support clients in need of help to be digitally active, this thesis contributes to the understanding of two interlinked concepts. Firstly, it compares street-level discretion in different digitalising micro-institutional settings and analyses how street-level discretionary boundaries evolve when digitalisation adds layers to already restricting frames and circumstances. Secondly, it sheds light on the constraining aspects of these boundaries and explores the concept ‘digital cage’ related to street-level discretion. This concept builds on Weber’s ‘iron cage’ and refers to excluding digital infrastructure that, among other things, could limit street-level discretion.

    The thesis uses a bottom-up approach based on the bureaucrats’ daily experiences. Street-level bureaucrats’ descriptions of their changing discretionary boundaries are analysed using micro-institutional theory with a special focus on street-level bureaucracy theory. It is a compilation thesis based on a cover paper and four research papers that focus on street-level bureaucracy in different settings, such as schools, libraries, social services, adult education and employment units, cases of how Swedish street-level bureaucrats view and handle their discretion when they work for digital inclusion of clients. The research process is based on qualitative and abductive studies. The data collection consists of interviews, survey answers and documents from different increasingly digitalised settings within Swedish local bureaucracy.

    The overall conclusions show that the street-level bureaucrats experience significant changes in what they do and how they do it. They form new roles towards clients and adapt to new boundaries. Boundaries framing street-level discretion in the studied micro settings can be divided into boundaries related to policy and management, skill sets and access possibilities, perceptions of appropriateness in the eyes of others, and digital systems and tools. The analysis shows that new digital boundaries have a restricting, caging, effect. Since this digital cage constrains street-level discretion in new ways, there is a need to develop and further analyse competences and practices in micro-institutional settings. However, it should also be acknowledged that the caging effect, in combination with ambitious goals for digital inclusion, create frustration among the street-level bureaucrats since they feel pushed to work towards a level of digital inclusion that they deem impossible to attain.

    List of papers
    1. The Digital Cage Dilemma: How Street-Level Bureaucrats at Public Libraries are a Key for Digital Inclusion
    Open this publication in new window or tab >>The Digital Cage Dilemma: How Street-Level Bureaucrats at Public Libraries are a Key for Digital Inclusion
    2023 (English)In: 22nd IFIP WG 8.5 International Conference, EGOV 2023, Budapest, Hungary, September 5–7, 2023, Proceedings / [ed] Ida Lindgren, Csaba Csáki, Evangelos Kalampokis, Marijn Janssen, Gabriela Viale Pereira, Shefali Virkar, Efthimios Tambouris, Anneke Zuiderwijk, Cham, 2023, Vol. 14130, p. 64-79Conference paper, Published paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Ten percent of the Swedish population over the age of sixteen can be counted as digitally excluded. Many of them turn to public libraries for support with e.g. public e-services. As street-level bureaucrats, library staff can support citizens’ digital inclusion within the scope of their assignment and institutional framework. However, they face dilemmas when they encounter citizens with needs that fall partly outside this framework.

    According to a classic work of Weber, bureaucrats can be seen as locked in an iron cage of rules and norms. It could be argued that digitalization is changing the conditions in bureaucracies even further. As a complement to Weber’s iron cage, Peeters and Widlak described the disciplining logic of digital information architecture as a form of digital cage that can exclude citizens and frame the discretion of street-level bureaucrats.

    This article elaborates on the concept digital cage, built on the iron cage concept, to analyse how street-level bureaucrats cope with discretionary boundaries in their work for citizens’ digital inclusion. Based on an analysis of interviews with library staff at local centres for digital inclusion, policy documents and interviews with local politicians in charge of these centres, the study shows the relevance of the digital cage concept and that the use of new technologies changes and partly limits street-level discretion. However, it also shows that politicians allow library staff a considerable degree of freedom in their work, and that the centres’ focus on face-to-face meetings and entrepreneurial solutions is an asset for digital inclusion.

    Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
    Cham: , 2023
    Series
    Lecture Notes in Computer Science, ISSN 0302-9743, E-ISSN 1611-3349 ; 14130
    Keywords
    digital cage, iron cage, digital inclusion, street-level bureaucrats, discretionary boundaries
    National Category
    Political Science
    Identifiers
    urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-197046 (URN)10.1007/978-3-031-41138-0_5 (DOI)001313870000005 ()9783031411373 (ISBN)9783031411380 (ISBN)
    Conference
    22nd IFIP WG 8.5 International Conference, EGOV 2023, Budapest, Hungary, September 5–7, 2023
    Available from: 2023-08-21 Created: 2023-08-21 Last updated: 2025-01-07Bibliographically approved
    2. Context matters—different entrepreneurial approaches among street‐level bureaucrats enhancing digital inclusion
    Open this publication in new window or tab >>Context matters—different entrepreneurial approaches among street‐level bureaucrats enhancing digital inclusion
    2023 (English)In: European Policy Analysis, E-ISSN 2380-6567, Vol. 9, no 4, p. 379-396Article in journal (Refereed) Published
    Abstract [en]

    Digital technology is frequently used in the delivery of public services. Since not everyone has the skills or digital access required to use such digital services, street-level bureaucrats must find new ways to support citizens to be able to enhance digital inclusion. In most public settings, these new practices of digital support need to be developed in parallel with the street-level bureaucrats' ordinary assignments. This article analyses the development of street-level bureaucrats' entrepreneurial and innovative practices in promoting digital inclusion in two spheres: conventional welfare service provision and in a project-based welfare service provision initiative explicitly intended to enhance digital inclusion. The article builds on qualitative case studies in municipalities in Sweden and demonstrates that there are more openings for innovative, entrepreneurial solutions among street-level bureaucrats in the more project-based setting than in the conventional welfare services. This implies that context matters for street-level entrepreneurial approaches.

    Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
    Wiley-Blackwell Publishing Inc., 2023
    Keywords
    entrepreneurial approaches, street-level bureaucrats, digital inclusion, municipalities, Sweden
    National Category
    Political Science
    Identifiers
    urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-198932 (URN)10.1002/epa2.1197 (DOI)001095801300001 ()2-s2.0-85175706315 (Scopus ID)
    Funder
    Swedish Research Council Formas
    Note

    Funding: We are grateful to all the informants that have experiences and reflections upon their work and to the national Digidel network. We also thank the Carl Bennett foundation and the research council FORMAS for generous funding to our research.; Carl Bennett foundation; research council FORMAS

    Available from: 2023-11-03 Created: 2023-11-03 Last updated: 2025-01-07Bibliographically approved
    3. Digital Citizenship in the Institution Swedish Public Libraries: A Discursive Approach
    Open this publication in new window or tab >>Digital Citizenship in the Institution Swedish Public Libraries: A Discursive Approach
    2025 (English)In: Proceedings of the Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences, 2025, Vol. 58, p. 2237-2247Conference paper, Published paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    This paper maps and unpacks the discursive construction of digital citizenship within the institution of public libraries in Sweden, situating it within the broader context of the nation’s digital government. By adopting a discursive approach, the paper responds to the scholarly call for nuanced theoretical insights into the evolving digital citizenship field and reflects upon how an analysis on digital citizenship can further our understanding of digital government. Data sources are the Swedish National Digitalization Strategy, the Swedish Library Act, and library staff interviews.

    Findings show active citizenship as a central idea in the discourse, placing high demands on individuals. In contrast to previous research, this study also finds ideas of a more inclusive citizenship. Finally, the findings show conflicts and ongoing negotiation of what digital citizenship, and thus digital citizens, ought to be, and point towards a need of deepening and questioning our understanding of digital government as inclusive.  

    Keywords
    digital citizenship, digital government, discourse theory, active citizenship, libraries
    National Category
    Political Science
    Identifiers
    urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-210958 (URN)10125/109115 (DOI)978-0-9981331-8-8 (ISBN)
    Conference
    Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences 2025
    Funder
    Swedish Research Council Formas, 2021-00824
    Available from: 2025-01-16 Created: 2025-01-16 Last updated: 2025-01-17
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  • Public defence: 2025-01-24 13:15 Planck, Fysikhuset, LinköpingOrder onlineBuy this publication >>
    Tyagi, Manav
    Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Sensor and Actuator Systems. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Novel microfabrication methods for soft microrobots2024Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    In this thesis, I present the design and fabrication of soft microactuators and microrobots. Efficient methods of producing soft polymer based microactuating devices are explored to illustrate easier and cost-effective manufacturing processes for flexible microsystems. Using innovative approaches in conventional microfabrication techniques along with unconventional additive methods, I demonstrate smart and compliant microrobotic devices to achieve multiple functionalities. Easy to scale up and implement, novel manufacturing processes are advanced to push the boundaries of control, scale, and functionality of soft microrobotic systems. 

    The design and control of soft microrobots is challenging due to the limitation of material properties to generate actuation motion or force. Achieving a precise motion at small scales is often difficult to introduce in microactuating devices. To illustrate directional control in microrobots, soft polymer based microactuators are presented through a simple method to integrate morphological computation in the device body. Soft microactuators were fabricated using a cost-effective method of patterning geometrical designs to induce precise control over the actuation motion. The microactuators comprised of electroactive polymer materials (conducting polymers) as the active material to drive the actuation force through electrical stimuli. Polydimethylsiloxane layers, which function as the backbone of the device providing support and control over the actuation motion, were patterned with soft lithography. Through a single manufacturing process, multiple microactuating designs can be achieved using this process. This method employs just one design template to repeatedly pattern layers, which are then selectively sliced to obtain multiple device designs; as opposed to the conventional method of photolithography, which requires multiple stages of development through different photomasks. Depending on the geometrical pattern set in the final step, microactuators with different actuation motion like spiral, screw, and tube were demonstrated with determined range of movement. 

    The efficient fabrication of soft robots at the micrometre scale is central to the rapidly growing field of soft microrobotics. Researchers, in this area, are investigating several fabrication techniques, such as photolithography, soft lithography, laser ablation, and additive manufacturing. Using additive techniques such as 3D printing, for example, easier design to product process can be achieved, allowing for accelerated product development. Integrating it with current manufacturing market, I believe, would enable transition of soft microrobots from experimental prototyping to efficient production, saving on energy and material costs. But the fabrication of soft robotic devices with additive manufacturing techniques is currently limited to millimetre sizes only. To push the limitations of scale, soft microactuators and devices with progressively smaller dimensions in the micrometre range are demonstrated by employing novel additive methods. Soft microactuators with minimum thickness of 20 μm were additively manufactured using a custom-built extrusion printer. A CAD model of the device structure was used to create microactuators body, which were then integrated with electroactive polymers (conducting polymers) to operate the actuators. Soft microactuators with various dimensions were fabricated to illustrate the convenience and adaptability of the printing technique. A novel method of patterning-by-printing is presented to construct microrobotic systems with selective actuation mechanism. Furthermore, to illustrate the capability of additive technique, fully printed soft microactuators and devices are presented. Driven by hydrogels, bilayer microactuators of various dimensions with a minimum thickness of 30 μm were also manufactured and operated. Microrobotic devices with a passive stiff body and active flexible moving actuators were 3D printed to demonstrate the simplicity and adaptability of the additive manufacturing process for fabricating soft microgrippers or micromanipulators. 

    Soft microrobots have a wide range of potential applications in areas such as biomedical engineering, environmental monitoring, and manipulation of small objects. Their ability to be processed with intricate designs and provide user defined actuation under various environments make them a perfect candidate for developing complex yet easily operable microscale devices. To demonstrate functionality, an electrically controlled dynamic microparticle filter was developed on a microfluidic chip. Micropillars combined with conducting polymers to provide radial actuation were placed in a specially designed microfluidic housing to allow sieving of microparticles of various sizes. The conducting polymer micropillars served as gates for the fluidic channel, controlling the porosity of the filter and enabling the filtration of microparticles of particular size. This sieve design allows for user-defined channel width modulation in response to an outside electrical stimulus. The functional components of the microfluidic filter were created using additive manufacturing in conjunction with the conventional techniques of lithography and electrochemical polymerisations. Selective filtration of sub-100 μm sized microparticles to illustrate the functionality of this novel configuration are displayed. To characterise the performance of dynamic microfluidic filter, the flow and aggregation of different sized microparticles was also analysed.

    List of papers
    1. Novel fabrication of soft microactuators with morphological computing using soft lithography
    Open this publication in new window or tab >>Novel fabrication of soft microactuators with morphological computing using soft lithography
    2019 (English)In: MICROSYSTEMS and NANOENGINEERING, ISSN 2055-7434, Vol. 5, article id UNSP 44Article in journal (Refereed) Published
    Abstract [en]

    A simple and cost-effective method for the patterning and fabrication of soft polymer microactuators integrated with morphological computation is presented. The microactuators combine conducting polymers to provide the actuation, with spatially designed structures for a morphologically controlled, user-defined actuation. Soft lithography is employed to pattern and fabricate polydimethylsiloxane layers with geometrical pattern, for use as a construction element in the microactuators. These microactuators could obtain multiple bending motions from a single fabrication process depending on the morphological pattern defined in the final step. Instead of fabricating via conventional photolithography route, which involves multiple steps with different chromium photomasks, this new method uses only one single design template to produce geometrically patterned layers, which are then specifically cut to obtain multiple device designs. The desired design of the actuator is decided in the final step of fabrication. The resulting microactuators generate motions such as a spiral, screw, and tube, using a single design template.

    Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
    NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP, 2019
    National Category
    Textile, Rubber and Polymeric Materials
    Identifiers
    urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-161139 (URN)10.1038/s41378-019-0092-z (DOI)000489106500001 ()
    Note

    Funding Agencies|EU Marie Sklodowska-Curie Actions Initial Training Network MICACT [641822]; Swedish Research CouncilSwedish Research Council [2014-3079]

    Available from: 2019-10-25 Created: 2019-10-25 Last updated: 2024-12-19
    2. 3D Printing Microactuators for Soft Microrobots
    Open this publication in new window or tab >>3D Printing Microactuators for Soft Microrobots
    2021 (English)In: SOFT ROBOTICS, ISSN 2169-5172, Vol. 8, no 1, p. 19-27Article in journal (Refereed) Published
    Abstract [en]

    Current additive manufacturing, including three-dimensional (3D) and so-called four-dimensional printing, of soft robotic devices is limited to millimeter sizes. In this study, we present additive manufacturing of soft microactuators and microrobots to fabricate even smaller structures in the micrometer domain. Using a custom-built extrusion 3D printer, microactuators are scaled down to a size of 300 x 1000 mu m(2), with minimum thickness of 20 mu m. Microactuators combined with printed body and electroactive polymers to drive the actuators are fabricated from computer-aided design model of the device structure. To demonstrate the ease and versatility of 3D printing process, microactuators with varying lengths ranging from 1000 to 5000 mu m are fabricated and operated. Likewise, microrobotic devices consisting of a rigid body and individually controlled free-moving arms or legs are 3D printed to explore the microfabrication of soft grippers, manipulators, or microrobots through simple additive manufacturing technique.

    Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
    MARY ANN LIEBERT, INC, 2021
    Keywords
    3D printing; microactuators; microrobots; soft robotics
    National Category
    Textile, Rubber and Polymeric Materials
    Identifiers
    urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-166212 (URN)10.1089/soro.2019.0129 (DOI)000529441100001 ()32326869 (PubMedID)
    Note

    Funding Agencies|EU Marie Sklodowska-Curie Actions Initial Training Network MICACT [641822]; Swedish Research CouncilSwedish Research Council [2014-3079]; University of Wollongong Visiting International Scholar Award; University of Wollongong Global Challenges Program

    Available from: 2020-06-09 Created: 2020-06-09 Last updated: 2024-12-19
    3. Fully 3D printed soft microactuators for soft microrobotics
    Open this publication in new window or tab >>Fully 3D printed soft microactuators for soft microrobotics
    2020 (English)In: Smart materials and structures, ISSN 0964-1726, E-ISSN 1361-665X, Vol. 29, no 8, article id 085032Article in journal (Refereed) Published
    Abstract [en]

    The feasibility of additive manufacturing actuating microstructures and microdevices with small dimension is presented. Using a custom-built extrusion 3D printer and CAD model of the device structure, bilayer microactuators driven by hydrogels are fabricated down to a size of 300 x 1000 mu m(2,)with a minimum thickness of 30 mu m. To explore the limitations of the 3D printing process, microactuators with a width of 300 mu m and lengths ranging from 1000 to 5000 mu m are manufactured and thereafter operated to demonstrate the feasibility of the process. Similarly, microrobotic devices consisting of a passive rigid body and flexible moving parts are 3D printed to illustrate the ease and versatility of the additive manufacturing technique to fabricate soft microgrippers or micromanipulators.

    Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
    IOP PUBLISHING LTD, 2020
    Keywords
    3D printing; hydrogel; microactuators; microrobotics; soft robotics
    National Category
    Other Electrical Engineering, Electronic Engineering, Information Engineering
    Identifiers
    urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-168219 (URN)10.1088/1361-665X/ab9f48 (DOI)000552681200001 ()
    Note

    Funding Agencies|EU Marie Sklodowska-Curie Actions Initial Training Network MICACT [641822]; Swedish Research CouncilSwedish Research Council [2014-3079]; University of Wollongongs Visiting International Scholar Award; University of Wollongongs Global Challenges Program

    Available from: 2020-08-22 Created: 2020-08-22 Last updated: 2024-12-19
    4. Radially actuating conducting polymer microactuators as gates for dynamic microparticle sieve based on printed microfluidics
    Open this publication in new window or tab >>Radially actuating conducting polymer microactuators as gates for dynamic microparticle sieve based on printed microfluidics
    Show others...
    2023 (English)In: Sensors and actuators. B, Chemical, ISSN 0925-4005, E-ISSN 1873-3077, Vol. 382, article id 133448Article in journal (Refereed) Published
    Abstract [en]

    A new radially expanding conducting polymer microactuator is presented. The radially expanding micro-actuators are used as electroactive gates in an electrically controlled microparticle sieve. A novel configuration to dynamically filter particles of different sizes in a microfluidic chip is conceptualized. Micropillars of SU-8 combined with conducting polymers to provide the radial actuation are positioned in a microfluidic chip with a specifically designed 3D printed housing to allow for selective filtration of microparticles with varied sizes. These pillar-shaped microactuators of polypyrrole actuate radially to function as dynamic gates for the fluidic channel, controlling the porosity of the filter allowing for the filtration of specific size of microparticles. This sieve design provides user defined channel width modulation with external stimuli. Photolithography and electrochemical polymerizations are combined with additive manufacturing to fabricate the individual func-tional parts of the microfluidic filter. To demonstrate the new conceptual filter design, we have shown filtration of microparticles of the sizes 60, 80, 90 and 100 mu m by electrically actuating micropillars of the dynamic gate. The flow and aggregation of the microparticles were analysed at the dynamic gates to characterize the perfor-mance of the filter.

    Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
    ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA, 2023
    Keywords
    Microactuators; Conducting polymers; Microfluidics; Microfabrication; Electroactive polymers; Electrochemical actuators
    National Category
    Other Electrical Engineering, Electronic Engineering, Information Engineering
    Identifiers
    urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-194202 (URN)10.1016/j.snb.2023.133448 (DOI)000979742000001 ()
    Note

    Funding Agencies|EU Marie Sklodowska-Curie Actions Initial Training Network MICACT [641822]; Swedish Research Council [2014-3079]; Linkoping University

    Available from: 2023-06-01 Created: 2023-06-01 Last updated: 2024-12-19
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  • Martin, Jason
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Logistics & Quality Management. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Elg, Mattias
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Logistics & Quality Management. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Säkerhetskultur och säkerhetsbeteende som förebygger risker i militär verksamhet2025Report (Refereed)
    Abstract [sv]

    Inledning

    Denna kunskapssammanställning fokuserar på säkerhetskultur och säkerhetsbeteenden inom militär verksamhet och har tagits fram utifrån myndighetens uppdrag att belysa arbetsmiljöns beskaffenhet inom olika branscher och sektorer. Den bygger på befintlig empirisk forskning från Sverige och länder med militär verksamhet liknande Sveriges. Kunskapssammanställning stöder sig på målen i Regeringens arbetsmiljöstrategi 2021–2025, som siktar på ett säkert arbetsliv där ingen riskerar liv eller hälsa på jobbet.

    Det övergripande syftet med denna kunskapssammanställning att sammanställa aktuell forskning om säkerhetskultur och säkerhetsbeteende inom militära verksamheters arbetsmiljöer i Sverige och andra jämförbara länder. Kunskapssammanställningen bygger på en systematisk litteraturöversikt av tidigare studier som sammanfattar det aktuella kunskapsläget och identifiera behovet av framtida forskningsinsatser.

    Följande tre frågeställningar har varit vägledande för arbetet med kunskapssammanställningen:

    1. Vilka faktorer i arbetsmiljön på individ-, grupp- och organisationsnivå främjar en god säkerhetskultur?
    2. Vilka interventioner, arbetssätt eller metoder har visat sig bidra till en god säkerhetskultur eller säkerhetsbeteende på individ-, grupp- eller organisationsnivå inom militära verksamheter?
    3. Hur skiljer sig säkerhetsföreskrifter i policyer och styrdokument från den faktiska hanteringen av säkerhetsbeteenden, och hur kan detta överbryggas?

    Centrala definitioner:

    • Säkerhetskultur: Enligt Arbetsmiljöverket omfattar säkerhetskultur de attityder, uppfattningar och värderingar som chefer och anställda har om säkerhet och arbetsmiljö. En god säkerhetskultur grundar sig i hur arbetet är organiserat och hur det leds. Säkerhetskultur kan beskrivas som ett stabilt mönster av gemensamma och inlärda antaganden om säkerhet, vilket vägleder handlingar inom organisationen. Denna kultur innefattar både synliga och dokumenterade attribut samt mer outtalade tankar och vanor.
    • Säkerhetsklimat: Säkerhetsklimat är en ”ögonblicksbild” av säkerhetskulturen i organisationen. Det utgörs av stämningen och uppfattningarna kring säkerhet, vilket grundas i den underliggande kulturen men är mer konkret och därmed lättare att mäta. Säkerhetsklimatet reflekterar medarbetares uppfattningar om gemensamma värderingar och meningar kopplade till säkerhet vid en viss tidpunkt.
    • Säkerhetsbeteende: Säkerhetsbeteende är avgörande för säkerhetsutfallet (safety performance) i organisationen. Säkerhetsbeteenden delas in i regelefterlevnad (beteenden som följer säkerhetsregler) och säkerhetsdeltagande (beteenden som bidrar till säkerhet för hela arbetsmiljön, inte enbart för individen).

    Metod

    Litteraturöversikten är avgränsad till att omfatta militära organisationer i NATO-länder samt Australien och Israel. Endast artiklar från vetenskapliga tidskrifter med peer review-process samt empiriska artiklar med både kvalitativa och kvantitativa studier inkluderades. Grå litteratur, som rapporter och utredningar, inkluderades som komplement.

    Litteratursökningen genomfördes enligt PRISMA-ramverket (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) för att säkerställa en transparent och strukturerad rapportering av resultat. Sökningen genomfördes utifrån PEO-modellen (Population, Exposure, Outcome) för att definiera kriterier för inkludering och exkludering. Populationen definierades som militär personal i riskfyllda miljöer; Exposure omfattade faktorer som påverkar säkerhetskultur och säkerhetsbeteende, och Outcome fokuserade på tillbud och olyckor. Sökningen genomfördes i databaserna Scopus, Web of Science och PsycInfo.

    En initial relevansbedömning gjordes på titlar och sammanfattningar av 1 808 artiklar, varav 1 418 artiklar exkluderades. Därefter granskades de återstående artiklarna för fulltextanalys, vilket resulterade i 35 utvalda artiklar för kvalitetsgranskning. Artiklar med hög eller medelhög kvalitet valdes ut för att ingå i analysen. Totalt ingick 28 artiklar i den slutliga analysen. Bearbetningen utfördes i referenshanteringsprogrammet Zotero och analysverktyget Rayyan.

    Resultat

    Forskningsfråga 1: Vilka faktorer i arbetsmiljön på individ-, grupp- och organisationsnivå främjar en god säkerhetskultur?

    Individnivå

    • Erfarenhet som central faktor: Erfarenhet från tidigare händelser och tid i tjänst stärker säkerhetsmedvetenheten och främjar en kultur där misstag ses som lärande, särskilt genom debriefing och delad erfarenhet.
    • Psykologisk belastning: Långvarig psykologisk stress kan påverka säkerhetsklimatet negativt. En balans mellan arbetskrav och resurser kan dock motverka effekterna av stress och stödja efterlevnaden av säkerhetsregler.
    • Individuell variation: Personliga egenskaper, som riskbenägenhet, ålder och kön, påverkar säkerhetsbeteenden. Yngre individer och män tenderar att ha en mer skeptisk syn på säkerhet medan erfarenhet och högre ålder minskar riskbenägenheten.
    • Kopplingar mellan anställningsförhållanden och säkerhet: När arbetsgivare uppfyller det psykologiska kontraktet med de anställda ökar säkerhetsföljsamheten och personalens vilja att stanna i tjänst, vilket bidrar till en stabil och säker arbetsmiljö. 

    Gruppnivå

    • Gruppdynamik och kommunikation: En transformativ ledarstil som främjar öppen kommunikation och vänskapsband inom gruppen stärker säkerhetsklimatet. Detta klimat skapar förutsättningar för att medarbetare delar säkerhetsrelaterad information och lärdomar, vilket i sin tur leder till säkrare beteenden. 

    Organisationsnivå

    • Säkerhetsklimat: Ett positivt säkerhetsklimat som stöds av ledningens engagemang, tydlig säkerhetskommunikation, kontinuerlig monitorering, relevanta utbildningsinsatser och belöningssystem för säkert beteende skapar en tryggare arbetsplats. Feedback till anställda stärker säkerhetsmedvetenheten och främjar efterlevnaden av säkerhetsstandarder. 

    Forskningsfråga 2: Vilka interventioner, arbetssätt eller metoder har visat sig bidra till en god säkerhetskultur eller säkerhetsbeteende på individ-, grupp- eller organisationsnivå inom militära verksamheter?

    Individnivå

    • Träning och utbildning: Specifik träning utvecklar mental och fysisk beredskap för att hantera risker. Utbildning fungerar inte bara för att utveckla individuella färdigheter utan stärker även den övergripande säkerhetskulturen.
    • Teknisk monitorering: Avancerade övervakningssystem, såsom förarassistanssystem, kan bidra till minskad olycksrisk genom att både direkt påverka förarnas beteende och ge insikter för lärande i uppföljningssamtal.
    • Feedback: Återkoppling kan vara ett effektivt angreppssätt för att öka säkerheten genom att ge militär personal möjlighet att få omedelbara insikter i sitt beteende och göra nödvändiga justeringar. En systematisk feedbackstruktur stärker säkerhetsbeteenden under påfrestande förhållanden och minskar risken för att psykologisk press leder till säkerhetsbrister. 

    Gruppnivå

    • Lärande genom att bejaka fel: En kultur där misstag används för att dra lärdomar, utan att skuldbelägga, främjar säkerheten. Gruppens attityder formas i en miljö där transparens och ärlighet betonas, vilket underlättar öppenhet för att dela misstag och erfarenheter. 

    Organisationsnivå

    • Organisering för lärande: En kultur som möjliggör strukturerade debriefingprocesser och erfarenhetsdelning stärker säkerheten genom att skapa en öppen och lärande miljö. En organisation med inbyggd social redundans, där roller och ansvar överlappar, ger ett robust säkerhetssystem och underlättar snabb anpassning till förändringar.
    • System för uppföljning av säkerhet: Effektiva mätinstrument och rapporteringssystem bidrar till att kontinuerligt förbättra säkerhetskulturen genom att ge ledningen snabb tillgång till data, vilket möjliggör snabba och effektiva beslut för att upprätthålla och förbättra säkerhetsklimatet.
    • Principer för HRO: High Reliability Organizations (HROs) är organisationer som effektivt upprätthåller hög säkerhet i komplexa och riskfyllda miljöer genom att följa fem principer. Dessa inkluderar en ständig vaksamhet för risker (eng. preoccupation with failure), en motvilja mot förenkling (eng. reluctance to simplify), respekt för operativ kunskap (eng. sensitivity to operations), ett åtagande för resiliens (eng. commitment to resilience), och en respekt för expertis i kritiska situationer (eng. deference to expertise). Genom att integrera dessa värden kan HROs bygga en kultur av kontinuerligt lärande och förbättring, vilket stärker deras förmåga att hantera risker på ett säkert sätt. 

    Forskningsfråga 3: Hur skiljer sig säkerhetsföreskrifter i policyer och styrdokument från den faktiska hanteringen av säkerhetsbeteenden, och hur kan detta överbryggas?

    • Regelefterlevnad och säkerhetsklimat: Ett säkerhetsklimat som stödjer regelefterlevnad utan att överdrivet kräva det skapar ett mer hållbart säkerhetsbeteende. Flexibilitet för regelbrytande bör vara tillåten om strikta regler skulle innebära en risk för säkerheten, vilket skapar en balans mellan reglering och frihet i beslutsfattande.
    • Rapporteringskultur och lärande: En kultur med betoning på lärande och öppen rapportering, utan skuldbeläggande, stärker säkerheten. I en rättvisekultur, där misstag ses som lärandemöjligheter snarare än källor till bestraffning, främjas psykologisk trygghet och en säkerhetsmedvetenhet som bidrar till att individer vågar rapportera och lära av misstag. 

    De inkluderade studierna har även granskats utifrån genusaspekten vilket visar att manliga försteförfattare dominerande, då endast 18% har kvinnliga försteförfattare, vilket väcker frågor om kvinnliga perspektivs representation inom forskning om säkerhetskultur och säkerhetsbeteende i militär verksamhet. Könsfördelning bland studiedeltagare redovisas i en mindre andel av artiklarna, och där det förekommer används det oftast endast som kontrollvariabler utan djupare analys. Genusaspekter belyses endast marginellt i 32% (9 av 28 artiklar) av artiklarna, med få exempel på fördjupade analyser, vilket överlag indikerar en frånvarande diskussion om genus i dessa studier.

    Diskussion

    Diskussionen i rapporten framhäver flera faktorer som påverkar säkerhetskultur och säkerhetsbeteenden inom militära organisationer, på individ-, grupp- och organisationsnivå, med starka kopplingar till arbetsmiljö.

    Säkerhetsklimatets roll och begränsningar

    Säkerhetsklimat, som ett mätbart uttryck för säkerhetskultur och arbetsmiljöns säkerhetsaspekter, får stort utrymme i både nationell och internationell forskning. Det finns dock risker med att enbart förlita sig på säkerhetsklimatenkäter för att mäta säkerheten och arbetsmiljöns kvalitet, då dessa ofta inte fångar upp komplexiteten i faktorer som auktoritet, gruppdynamik och psykologisk trygghet. Klimatmätningar kan ge en översiktlig bild men riskerar att dölja verkliga arbetsmiljöutmaningar och säkerhetsproblem.

    Strukturella och individuella faktorer

    Säkerhetsarbetet och arbetsmiljön påverkas av både strukturella förutsättningar och individers handlingar. Strukturer som historiska och organisatoriska normer sätter grunden för säkerhet och arbetsmiljö, men kan också bli begränsande om de inte tillåter flexibilitet och handlingsutrymme. Individer spelar en viktig roll för att upprätthålla eller förändra säkerhetsklimatet och arbetsmiljön genom deras agerande. Deras handlingar kan bidra till en dynamisk arbetsmiljö där säkerhet och förbättring går hand i hand, förutsatt att psykologisk trygghet och stöd finns.

    Ledarskapets betydelse för säkerhet

    Ledarskap lyfts fram som en avgörande faktor för en god arbetsmiljö och säkerhetskultur. Både transaktionella och transformativa ledarstilar spelar en roll. Transaktionellt ledarskap ger stabilitet och förutsägbarhet i arbetsmiljön, medan transformativt ledarskap uppmuntrar lärande och anpassningsförmåga.

    Säkerhetsarbete integrerat i dagligt arbete såväl som skapande av utrymme för reflektion 

    Effektivt säkerhetsarbete och en god arbetsmiljö inom militären kräver att säkerhetsfrågor integreras i det dagliga arbetet och att det finns utrymme för reflektion och lärande, exempelvis genom debriefing och uppföljande åtgärder. Kombinationen av praktisk tillämpning och reflekterande pauser skapar en arbetsmiljö som är anpassningsbar och motståndskraftig, där lärande och säkerhet ständigt kan förbättras för att möta nya utmaningar.

    Skillnader mellan policy och praktik 

    I komplexa och oförutsägbara situationer är det ofta en utmaning att följa formella säkerhetsföreskrifter strikt. Militära organisationer kan behöva en flexibel arbetsmiljö som tillåter avsteg från regler när det är nödvändigt för att hantera arbetsuppgifter på ett säkert och effektivt sätt. En kultur som betonar lärande, psykologisk trygghet och återställande rättvisa bidrar till en arbetsmiljö där säkerhet prioriteras utan att strikta regler hindrar anpassning till verkligheten.

    Behov av köns- och genusperspektiv 

    En brist på köns- och genusperspektiv identifierades. Utan att beakta dessa perspektiv kan viktiga faktorer förbises som påverkar individers agerande i riskfyllda situationer och risken finns att forskningen missar viktiga skillnader i säkerhetsbeteenden mellan män och kvinnor. Ett inkluderande perspektiv kan skapa en mer nyanserad förståelse av arbetsmiljön och säkerhetskulturens dynamik.

    Metodologiska utmaningar och forskningsluckor

    Det finns en avsaknad av studier genomförda under skarpa insatsförhållanden, vilket innebär att vissa aspekter av arbetsmiljö, säkerhetskultur och säkerhetsbeteenden inte är tillräckligt utforskade. Diskussionen betonar behovet av longitudinella och systemorienterade studier för att förstå orsaksfaktorer över tid, särskilt när det gäller relationen mellan ledarskap, arbetsmiljö och säkerhetsbeteenden.

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  • Public defence: 2025-02-07 13:15 K3, Kåkenhus, NorrköpingOrder onlineBuy this publication >>
    Solinen, Emma
    Linköping University, Department of Science and Technology, Communications and Transport Systems. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
    Improving railway timetable robustness: Development and application of robustness indicators2025Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    Railway transportation offers the potential of transporting a large number of goods and people in a fast and environment-friendly way. A tendency seen over the last decades is a growing demand for capacity, and the increased number of operating trains has led to a high capacity consumption and a delay-sensitive system. Frequent delays result in high costs for the train operating companies, the infrastructure provider as well as high costs for the travellers and society overall. Robust timetables are essential to reduce delays and keep them from propagating. In this thesis, we analyse how timetable robustness can be assessed and increased. The primary aim is to establish quantitative indicators of timetable robustness that can be used to evaluate the robustness and identify weaknesses. The second aim of the thesis is to develop an approach for how the indicators can be used to increase the robustness.

    The thesis addresses both theoretical and practical gaps regarding timetable robustness. It introduces the concept of critical points and contributes with two new robustness indicators, Robustness in Critical Points (RCP) and Robustness in Passing Points (RPP). Both RCP and RPP capture the connection between heterogeneity, runtime supplement and headway time in a unique way. The thesis also contributes with a method to measure and increase timetable robustness. The method is implemented in an optimisation tool, to illustrate how robustness can be automatically improved in the future. It is also implemented as real-world planning rules that can be used to support timetable planners in their daily work. The results show that it is possible to increase robustness with the use of RCP and RPP. Higher indicator values lead to less train delays and an increased punctuality.

    This thesis consists of two parts. First, the scope of the research is described, with background knowledge on the problem, followed by the motivation, research framework, contributions and conclusions. The second part consists of five appended papers where the research is presented in detail.

    List of papers
    1. Quantifying railway timetable robustness in critical points
    Open this publication in new window or tab >>Quantifying railway timetable robustness in critical points
    2013 (English)In: Journal of Rail Transport Planning & Management, ISSN 2210-9706, E-ISSN 2210-9714, Vol. 3, no 3, p. 95-110Article in journal (Refereed) Published
    Abstract [en]

    Several European railway traffic networks experience high capacity consumption during large parts of the day resulting in delay-sensitive traffic system with insufficient robustness. One fundamental challenge is therefore to assess the robustness and find strategies to decrease the sensitivity to disruptions. Accurate robustness measures are needed to determine if a timetable is sufficiently robust and suggest where improvements should be made.

    Existing robustness measures are useful when comparing different timetables with respect to robustness. They are, however, not as useful for suggesting precisely where and how robustness should be increased. In this paper, we propose a new robustness measure that incorporates the concept of critical points. This concept can be used in the practical timetabling process to find weaknesses in a timetable and to provide suggestions for improvements. In order to quantitatively assess how crucial a critical point may be, we have defined the measure Robustness in Critical Points (RCP). In this paper, we present results from an experimental study where a benchmark of several measures as well as RCP has been done. The results demonstrate the relevance of the concept of critical points and RCP, and how it contributes to the set of already defined robustness measures.

    Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
    Elsevier, 2013
    Keywords
    Delay management; Railway traffic; Robustness measures; Timetabling
    National Category
    Transport Systems and Logistics
    Identifiers
    urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-106703 (URN)10.1016/j.jrtpm.2013.12.002 (DOI)
    Available from: 2014-05-19 Created: 2014-05-19 Last updated: 2025-01-02Bibliographically approved
    2. Reduced railway traffic delays using a MILP approach to increase Robustness in Critical Points
    Open this publication in new window or tab >>Reduced railway traffic delays using a MILP approach to increase Robustness in Critical Points
    2015 (English)In: Journal of Rail Transport Planning & Management, ISSN 2210-9706, E-ISSN 2210-9714, Vol. 5, no 3, p. 110-127Article in journal (Refereed) Published
    Abstract [en]

    Maintaining high on-time performance and at the same time having high capacity utilization is a challenge for several railway traffic systems and especially those with heterogeneous traffic. With high capacity utilization the system is sensitive to disturbances and delays could easily propagate in the network. One way to handle this problem is to create more robust timetables; timetables that can absorb delays and prevent them from propagating. This paper presents an optimization approach to reduce the propagation of delays by introducing a more efficient margin time allocation in the timetable. A Mixed Integer Linear Programming (MILP) model is proposed, in which the existing margin time is re-allocated to increase the robustness of an existing timetable. The model re-allocates both runtime and headway margin time to increase the robustness at specific delay sensitive points in a timetable, a suitable approach for double-track lines with dense heterogeneous traffic. We illustrate the applicability of the approach in a real-world case, where an initial timetable is modified into new timetables with increased robustness. These new timetables are then evaluated and compared to the initial timetable. We evaluate how the re-allocation of margin time affects the timetable structure and the timetable's capability to handle disturbances by exposing it to some minor initial disturbances in the range of 5–10 min. The results show that it is possible to reduce the delays by re-allocating the existing margin time. For example, the total delay at end station decreases with 10% in our real-world example.

    Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
    Elsevier, 2015
    Keywords
    Railway traffic, Timetabling, Robustness, Margin re-allocation, Punctuality, Optimization
    National Category
    Transport Systems and Logistics
    Identifiers
    urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-210581 (URN)10.1016/j.jrtpm.2015.09.004 (DOI)
    Note

    Funding: VINNOVA (The Swedish Governmental Agency for Innovation Systems), Trafikverket (The Swedish Transport Administration) and SJ AB.

    Available from: 2025-01-02 Created: 2025-01-02 Last updated: 2025-01-02Bibliographically approved
    3. A microscopic evaluation of railway timetable robustness and critical points
    Open this publication in new window or tab >>A microscopic evaluation of railway timetable robustness and critical points
    2017 (English)In: Journal of Rail Transport Planning & Management, ISSN 2210-9706, E-ISSN 2210-9714, Vol. 7, no 4, p. 207-223Article in journal (Refereed) Published
    Abstract [en]

    One method to increase the quality of railway traffic flow is to construct a more robust timetable in which trains are able both to recover from delays and the delays are prevented from propagating. Previous research results show that the indicator Robustness in Critical Points (RCP) can be used to increase timetable robustness. In this paper we present the use of a method for RCP optimization: how it can be assessed ex-post via microscopic simulation. From the evaluation we learn more about how increased RCP values influence a timetable's performance. The aim is to understand more about RCP increase at a localised level within a timetable in terms of effects to the pairs of trains that are part of the indicator. We present a case study where an initial timetable and a timetable with increased RCP values are evaluated. The ex-post evaluation includes the quantification of measures concerning train-borne delay and robustness of operations, as well as measures capturing the subsequent quality of service experienced by passengers to assess the broader effects of improved robustness. The result shows that it is necessary to use several key performance indicators (KPIs) to evaluate the effects of an RCP increase. The robustness increases at a localised level, but the results also indicate that there is a need to analyse the relationship between ex-post measures and RCP further, to improve the method used to increase RCP and thus its overall effect on timetable robustness.

    Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
    Elsevier, 2017
    Keywords
    Railway timetabling, Robustness, Microscopic simulation, Key performance indicators
    National Category
    Transport Systems and Logistics
    Identifiers
    urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-144359 (URN)10.1016/j.jrtpm.2017.08.005 (DOI)000449594000001 ()2-s2.0-85028622634 (Scopus ID)
    Conference
    7th International Conference on Railway Operations Modelling and Analysis, RailLille 2017
    Projects
    Capacity4Rail
    Funder
    EU, FP7, Seventh Framework Programme, 605650
    Note

    This paper is based on the manuscript “A Microscopic Evaluation of Robustness in Critical Points” by E. Solinen, G. Nicholson and A. Peterson, presented at the 7th International Conference on Railway Operations Modelling and Analysis, RailLille 2017.

    Available from: 2018-01-16 Created: 2018-01-16 Last updated: 2025-01-02Bibliographically approved
    4. Development of new railway timetabling rules for increased robustness
    Open this publication in new window or tab >>Development of new railway timetabling rules for increased robustness
    2023 (English)In: Transport Policy, ISSN 0967-070X, E-ISSN 1879-310X, Vol. 133, p. 198-208Article in journal (Refereed) Published
    Abstract [en]

    Due to high demand and capacity consumption, railway timetables are often sensitive to disturbances. To maintain punctual operations, it is important that timetables are robust, and methods are needed that make them robust without consuming too much capacity. In this paper, we demonstrate how a policy change in the form of new timetable planning rules can be used to achieve more robust timetables. We present the use of the rules in a real-world case from 2019, when our rules were applied for the Swedish Southern mainline. In this paper, we describe how a new policy for scheduling trains can be applied, and we discuss implications observed when going from research to practice. We also describe how the proposed rules affect train paths and runtimes. The outcome of the rules is measured in a comprehensive evaluation of the traffic performance based on empirical operational data. The results from this study show that practical knowledge is necessary when developing a policy, as well as when developing a timetabling model. Insights, given to us by experienced timetable planners, can be used to enhance optimisation models and make the models more applicable in the real world. The main contribution of this paper is to show that it is possible to increase timetable robustness with a minor policy change based on previously presented research results. Even with relatively small timetable modifications, we can learn from the operational data that the new rules had the intended effect and that overall punctuality can be increased.

    Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
    ELSEVIER SCI LTD, 2023
    Keywords
    Railway timetabling; Robustness; Planning rules; Implementation; Evaluation
    National Category
    Transport Systems and Logistics
    Identifiers
    urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-194828 (URN)10.1016/j.tranpol.2023.02.003 (DOI)000994837800001 ()
    Note

    Funding Agencies|Trafikverket (The Swedish Transport Administration)

    Available from: 2023-06-14 Created: 2023-06-14 Last updated: 2025-01-02
    5. Increasing robustness at single-track lines using the indicator robustness in passing pointss
    Open this publication in new window or tab >>Increasing robustness at single-track lines using the indicator robustness in passing pointss
    2023 (English)Conference paper, Oral presentation with published abstract (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    When several trains are planned to use the same infrastructure resource, there is always a risk for spreading of delays, which can be hard to recover from. It is a challenge for the Infrastructure Manager to make timetables that accommodate as much traffic as possible, without causing bad on-time performance. Timetable planners are in need of quantitative indicators to assess timetable robustness and accurate methods for how to make the timetable more robust.

    In this paper we assess the robustness for single-track lines with non-periodic timetables. At single-track lines, trains use the line for running in both directions and the trains can only pass or overtake each other at passing loops. This makes the system more sensitive for delays. In this paper we present a robustness indicator which captures the dependencies between trains at a single-track line. The indicator can be used to illustrate weaknesses in a timetable and also to indicate where and how to insert more robustness. In a simulation study, we show that it is possible to improve the performance by making small timetable adjustments according the indicator, without increasing runtimes or capacity utilization.

    National Category
    Transport Systems and Logistics
    Identifiers
    urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-193882 (URN)
    Conference
    10th International Seminar on Railway Operations Modelling and Analysis RailBelgrade 2023, Belgrade, Serbia, April 25–28, 2023.
    Funder
    Swedish Transport Administration
    Available from: 2023-05-17 Created: 2023-05-17 Last updated: 2025-01-02Bibliographically approved
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  • Åström, Daniel
    et al.
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Production Economics.
    Elly, Sjölund
    Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Production Economics.
    The Good, the Risk, and the ESG: A Study on the Relation Between Equity Funds ESG Profile and Liquidity Risk2024Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (Two Years)), 20 credits / 30 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    This thesis explores the relation between Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) profiles, liquidity risk, and financial performance within Avanza Fonder's equity funds. Against the backdrop of increasing sustainable investments driven by regulatory shifts and heightened ESG awareness, understanding how ESG profiles shape liquidity risk resilience and financial metrics is paramount. Through empirical analysis, the study bridges existing literature gaps by investigating the correlation between ESG profiles and liquidity risk, alongside broader implications for financial performance metrics like risk and return on the Nordic stock market. By shedding light on these dynamics, the research aims to offer valuable insights for investors and fund managers navigating the intricate terrain of sustainable investing and liquidity risk management.

    To analyze the impact of ESG on equity funds concerning liquidity risk and performance, a model was implemented to simulate funds as stock portfolios and analyzed based on their Morningstar Sustainalytics ESG scores. Six Avanza Fonder-managed funds were compared to counterparts with similar profiles but differing ESG scores to identify the ESG rating's effects. Using MATLAB and data extracted from Refinitiv Eikon from 01-01-2020 to 03-20-2024, historical simulations were conducted for liquidity risk measures, performance distribution, and liquidity stress tests. Liquidity measures, including Market Efficiency Coefficient, Average Illiquidity Index, and Bid-ask spread, were employed, and statistical significance was assessed using z-tests. Additionally, simulations of fund return distributions and stress tests based on Finansinspektionen's framework and Avanza Fonder's parameters were executed to evaluate the Redemption Coverage Ratio and Liquidity Shortfall.

    This study presents evidence regarding the relation between ESG ratings and liquidity risk in equity funds. Our analysis, supported by z-tests, indicates that five out of six equity fund pairs, including all actively managed funds, demonstrate superior performance for funds with higher ESG ratings in bid-ask spread comparisons, suggesting lower liquidity risk. The results based on the liquidity measure AILLIQ and the liquidity stress tests indicate the same conclusion, but with less statistically significant evidence. Additionally, while there is no statistically significant difference in logarithmic returns between equity funds with higher and lower ESG ratings, our findings suggest that actively managed funds with higher ESG ratings exhibit a more favorable risk profile characterized by narrower return distributions and fewer extreme values, indicating potential stability in performance. These findings underscore the need for further investigation, especially in comparing index funds to actively managed ones with aggregated ESG scores, to better comprehend fund management strategies and their alignment with ESG principles.

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    The Good, the Risk, and the ESG
  • Boo, Sofia
    Linköping University, Department of Behavioural Sciences and Learning, Education, Teaching and Learning. Linköping University, Faculty of Educational Sciences.
    Ansvar för arbetet med extra anpassning i skolans praktik2024In: Nordisk Tidskrift för Allmän Didaktik, Vol. 10, no 1, p. 3-19Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The aim of this article is to analyse the challenging process of assigning responsibility for additional adjustments in everyday school practice. The analysis focuses on the negotiations among practising teachers, special education teachers, and Special Educational Needs Coordinators (SENCOs) regarding responsibility for adaptations and support. Data were collected through focus group interviews based on a vignette and analysed using key concepts from the theory of policy enactment. The results demonstrate that these professionals exhibit their ability to adapt to the local context while negotiating the responsibilities they believe should align with their professional expertise. Depending on the contextual conditions of the schools, they both claim and resist taking responsibility for various tasks related to support measures for additional adjustments. The findings highlight the complexity of the collaborative efforts required by different professional categories to manage the compensatory task of meeting the diverse needs of all students and ensuring equitable education.

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  • Public defence: 2025-01-24 09:00 Belladonna, building 511, LinköpingOrder onlineBuy this publication >>
    Wahlgren, Carl
    Linköping University, Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Division of Prevention, Rehabilitation and Community Medicine. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Region Östergötland, Anaesthetics, Operations and Specialty Surgery Center, Department of Rehabilitation Medicine.
    New Frontiers in Rehabilitation Medicine: The Post-COVID Condition and Neuromodulation in Chronic Spinal Cord Injury2024Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    This thesis reflects two recent changes relevant to the field of rehabilitation medicine. Firstly, the COVID-19 pandemic illustrated that new disorders may benefit from the involvement of rehabilitation medicine. Secondly, advances in neurobiology pave new ways for therapeutic interventions among disorders already well known in the specialty, i.e. neuromodulation for improving motor function in chronic spinal cord injury (SCI).

    Paper I is a cross-sectional study on 23 adults with chronic clinically complete SCI (verified using standardized neurological examination) exploring the prevalence of residual functional connectivity, using a battery of neurophysiological tests. Unequivocal indications of residual translesional connectivity (i.e.” discomplete” SCI) were found in 17% of participants. Applying more liberal criteria, the potentially discomplete group comprised 39-52%.

    Paper II is a prospective interventional study where five adults with cervical SCI received a series of paired associative stimulation (PAS) treatments. Lesions in this study were incomplete, rather than discomplete. PAS combines peripheral nerve stimulation and navigated transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), both targeted towards the neural structures subserving one arm. The aim was to corroborate findings from earlier studies suggesting that spinally targeted PAS improves upper extremity motor function in chronic incomplete SCI. Manual muscle testing scores in the targeted extremity increased by a mean 0,5 points (0-5 scale). Grip strength, assessed with hand dynamometry, increased by 3 kg in the stimulated hand and by 2 kg in the contralateral hand. Performance and Satisfaction of individually specified goals, as reflected by the Canadian Occupational Performance Measure (COPM), increased by 2 points. Improvements remained one month after stimulation.

    Paper III: The Linköping COVID-19 study (LinCoS) included all 745 individuals hospitalized for COVID-19 during the first wave of the pandemic (March 1st−May 31st, 2020) in our region. Survivors of this cohort with persisting symptoms corresponding to the diagnosis of a Post-COVID-19 Condition (PCC) at a screening telephone interview four months post-discharge, were invited to a comprehensive, interdisciplinary clinical assessment which 85% attended (n=158). Persisting impairments were reported and corroborated, including cognitive impairment (reported by almost 50% and corroborated by neuropsychological testing in almost 40%), weakness in extremities and pain (reported by about a third of subjects, respectively), as well as a large number of other (respiratory, visual, auditory, sensory) symptoms. In total, 16% of survivors in the total regional cohort was deemed to require further rehabilitative interventions at the clinical assessment.

    Paper IV: In follow-up telephone interviews at 2 years post-discharge of individuals with PCC at five months post-discharge, 84% of patients reported persisting problems affecting everyday life, although significant improvements were seen in symptom prevalence and impact compared with the situation at four months post-discharge. Cognitive, sensorimotor symptoms and fatigue were the most common persisting symptoms, and 21% had been readmitted to hospital in the interim period. Half of those on sick leave related to PCC at four months were still on sick leave. No differences in outcomes were evident between previously Intensive Care Unit (ICU)-treated and non-ICU-treated individuals.

    Summary: PAS improved upper extremity motor function in patients with incomplete SCI, corroborating prior studies. Evidence of discomplete SCI was demonstrated using standard neurophysiological techniques in a substantial subset of individuals with chronic, clinically complete SCI. Thus, PAS may also be a potential therapeutic intervention for people with such lesions, but this requires further investigation. PCC is highly prevalent in the medium to long term (4-24 months) after hospital-treated COVID-19. To ensure adequate care and rehabilitation, extensive examination of patients with symptoms indicating PCC is warranted.

    In conclusion, this thesis explores new frontiers in rehabilitation medicine by suggesting new possibilities for therapeutic interventions as well as identifying rehabilitation needs in new conditions that may benefit from our attention. Results of the studies on COVID-19 and SCI reported in this thesis, suggest the potential both for expansion of the specialty in terms of new diagnostic categories and the inclusion of new treatment modalities.

    List of papers
    1. Prevalence of discomplete sensorimotor spinal cord injury as evidenced by neurophysiological methods: A cross-sectional study
    Open this publication in new window or tab >>Prevalence of discomplete sensorimotor spinal cord injury as evidenced by neurophysiological methods: A cross-sectional study
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    2021 (English)In: Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine, ISSN 1650-1977, E-ISSN 1651-2081, Vol. 53, no 2, article id jrm00156Article in journal (Refereed) Published
    Abstract [en]

    OBJECTIVES: To assess the prevalence of residual trans-lesion connectivity in persons with chronic clinically complete spinal cord injury (discompleteness) by neurophysiological methods.

    PARTICIPANTS: A total of 23 adults with chronic sensorimotor complete spinal cord injury, identified through regional registries the regional spinal cord registry of Östergötland, Sweden.

    METHODS: Diagnosis of clinically complete spinal cord injury was verified by standardized neurological examination. Then, a neurophysiological examination was performed, comprising electroneurography, electromyography, sympathetic skin response and evoked potentials (sensory, laser and motor). Based on this assessment, a composite outcome measure, indicating either strong, possible or no evidence of discomplete spinal cord injury, was formed.

    RESULTS: Strong neurophysiological evidence of discomplete spinal cord injury was found in 17% (4/23) of participants. If also accepting "possible evidence", the discomplete group comprised 39% (9/23). The remaining 61% showed no neurophysiological evidence of discompleteness. However, if also counting reports of subjective sensation elicited during neurophysiological testing in the absence of objective findings, 52% (12/23) showed indication of discomplete spinal cord injury.

    CONCLUSION: Evidence of discomplete spinal cord injury can be demonstrated using standard neurophysiological techniques in a substantial subset of individuals with clinically complete spinal cord injury. This study adds to the evidence base indicating the potential of various modes of cross-lesional sensorimotor functional restoration in some cases of chronic clinically complete spinal cord injury.

    Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
    Uppsala, Sweden: Stiftelsen Rehabiliteringsinformation, 2021
    Keywords
    complete, dis­complete, electromyography, laser evoked potentials, motor evoked potentials, somatosensory evoked potentials, spinal cord injury, sympathetic skin response
    National Category
    Neurology
    Identifiers
    urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-173741 (URN)10.2340/16501977-2774 (DOI)000751639400005 ()33284352 (PubMedID)
    Available from: 2021-03-05 Created: 2021-03-05 Last updated: 2024-12-30Bibliographically approved
    2. Paired associative stimulation improves motor function in the upper extremity in chronic incomplete spinal cord injury: a corroborative study
    Open this publication in new window or tab >>Paired associative stimulation improves motor function in the upper extremity in chronic incomplete spinal cord injury: a corroborative study
    2024 (English)In: Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine, ISSN 1650-1977, E-ISSN 1651-2081, Vol. 56, article id jrm41021Article in journal (Refereed) Published
    Abstract [en]

    Objective: To corroborate findings suggesting that spinally targeted paired associative stimulation improves upper extremity motor function in chronic incomplete spinal cord injury. Design: Prospective interventional study. Subjects: Five adults with chronic tetraplegia. Methods: Participants received paired associative stimulation, combining peripheral nerve stimulation and navigated transcranial magnetic stimulation towards 1 arm (16 1-h sessions during 4 consecutive weeks, targeting the 3 large nerves). Manual muscle testing (MMT) was performed in 23 muscles in each arm, at 3 time points (pre-stimulation, t0; the week following the stimulation period, t1; and 4-5 weeks post-stimulation, t2). Additionally, grip strength and changes in the Canadian Occupational Performance Measure were assessed. Results: The mean improvement in manual muscle testing scores in the targeted extremity was +0.49 at t 1 (p = 0.078) and +0.55 at t2 (p = 0.062). Grip strength in the stimulated extremity increased by 3.2 kg at t1 and 3.4 kg at t2, and in the non-targeted extremity by 2.2 and 3.6 kg, respectively. Performance and satisfaction increased by 2.1/2.4 points at t 1 , and by 2.0/1.9 points at t2. Conclusion: Paired associative stimulation improved motor function: at the group level, MMT of the stimulated hand (p = 0.06) and non-stimulated hand (p = 0.04). Most participants achieved clinically relevant improvement. Thus, the results corroborate prior studies. The method may complement conventional rehabilitation for improving upper extremity function in incomplete tetraplegia.

    Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
    FOUNDATION REHABILITATION INFORMATION, 2024
    Keywords
    electrical stimulation therapy; rehabilitation; spi- nal cord injuries; therapy; transcranial magnetic stimulation
    National Category
    Physiotherapy
    Identifiers
    urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-210085 (URN)10.2340/jrm.v56.41021 (DOI)001357158800001 ()39539071 (PubMedID)
    Note

    Funding Agencies|ALF [ROE-986017]; Ostergotland County Council [FORSS-941092]

    Available from: 2024-11-28 Created: 2024-11-28 Last updated: 2024-12-30
    3. Rehabilitation needs following COVID-19: Five-month post-discharge clinical follow-up of individuals with concerning self-reported symptoms
    Open this publication in new window or tab >>Rehabilitation needs following COVID-19: Five-month post-discharge clinical follow-up of individuals with concerning self-reported symptoms
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    2022 (English)In: eClinicalMedicine, E-ISSN 2589-5370, Vol. 43, article id 101219Article in journal (Refereed) Published
    Abstract [en]

    Background This report describes and objectivizes reported problems among a cohort of previously hospitalized COVID-19 patients by clinical examination and determination of the required level of rehabilitation sevices.

    Methods This report forms part of the Linkoping COVID-19 Study (LinCoS) that induded 745 individuals from one of 21 Swedish healthcare regions, Region Ostergotland (RO), admitted to hospital for COVID-19 during March 1st-May 31st, 2020. In this descriptive ambidirectional cohort study, all 185 individuals who had reported concerning persisting symptoms were invited to a multi-professional dinical assessment of somatic, functional, affective, neuropsychological status and rehabilitation needs. Rehabilitation needs were assessed using three sub-scales of the Rehabilitation Complexity Scale-Extended.

    Findings Among the 158 (85.4%) cases consenting and included in the analysis, we found a broad array of symptoms and signs attributable to COVID-19 involving respiratory, visual, auditory, motor, sensory and cognitive functions that could be confirmed clinically at five months post-discharge. This translated into 16% [95% CI 13-20] of survivors (70/433) of the total regional cohort of hospitalised patients requiring further rehabilitative interventions at follow-up. Weakness in extremities was reported in 28.5% [21.6, 36.2] (45/158). On examination, clinically overt muscle weakness could be corroborated in 15 individuals (10.5%) [6.1, 16.4]. 48% [40, 56] (76/158) reported cognitive symptoms, while the physician noted overt cognitive impairments in only 3% [1.1, 7.5]. In neuropsychological testing, 37% [28-46] (45/122) performed 1.5 SD below the norm, indicating neurocognitive deficits. Fifty-five individuals (34.8%) [27.4, 42.8] reported new or aggravated pain. In three fourths of them, it exerted a moderate or worse detrimental effect on their ability to work.

    Interpretation Our study underscores the importance of providing extensive examination of cases with persisting problems after COVID-19, especially since symptoms such as fatigue and breathlessness are highly nonspecific, but may represent significant underlying functional impairments. Robust neurocognitive testing should be performed, as cognitive problems may easily be overlooked during routine medical consultation. In the Swedish context, most rehabilitative interventions could be provided in a primary care setting. A substantial minority of patients should be triaged to specialized rehabilitation services.

    Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
    Elsevier, 2022
    Keywords
    SARS-CoV-2; Post-COVID-19; PACS; Rehabilitation; Consequences; Residual symptoms; Long-term follow-up
    National Category
    Other Medical Sciences not elsewhere specified
    Identifiers
    urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-182936 (URN)10.1016/j.eclinm.2021.101219 (DOI)000747850800017 ()34901798 (PubMedID)2-s2.0-85120472500 (Scopus ID)
    Note

    Funding Agencies: ALF grant and RÖ

    Available from: 2022-02-18 Created: 2022-02-18 Last updated: 2024-12-30Bibliographically approved
    4. Two-year follow-up of patients with post-COVID-19 condition in Sweden: a prospective cohort study
    Open this publication in new window or tab >>Two-year follow-up of patients with post-COVID-19 condition in Sweden: a prospective cohort study
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    2023 (English)In: The Lancet Regional Health: Europe, E-ISSN 2666-7762, Vol. 28, article id 100595Article in journal (Refereed) Published
    Abstract [en]

    Background Few studies have reported the long-term health effects of COVID-19. The regional population-based Linkoping COVID-19 study (LinCoS) included all patients hospitalised due to COVID-19 during the first pandemic wave. Four months post-discharge, over 40% (185/433) experienced persisting symptoms and activity/ participation limitations, indicating post-COVID-19 condition (PCC). The present follow-up study aimed to determine the long-term recovery among these patients 24 months post-admission.Methods This prospective cohort study included all patients from LinCoS with PCC at four months post-discharge. We repeated the same structured interview at a 24-month follow-up to identify persisting symptoms and their impact on daily life. Intercurrent health issues were identified by reviewing medical records.Findings Of 185 patients with PCC at 4 months post-discharge, 181 were alive at the 24-month assessment and 165 agreed to participate. Of those, 21% (35/165) had been readmitted to hospital for various causes in the interim period. The majority of patients (139/165, 84%) reported persisting problems affecting everyday life at 24 months. Significant improvements were seen in the prevalence and magnitude of some symptoms/limitations compared with four months post-discharge. Cognitive, sensorimotor, and fatigue symptoms were the most common persisting symptoms at 24 months. No clear difference was evident between individuals treated in the intensive care unit (ICU) and non-ICU-treated individuals. Approximately half of those who were on sick leave related to PCC at four months after infection were on sick leave at 24 months.Interpretation This is one of the first studies to report 2-year outcomes in patients with PCC following COVID-19 hospitalisation. Despite some improvements over time, we found a high prevalence of persisting symptoms and a need for long-term follow-up and rehabilitation post COVID-19 infection.

    Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
    ELSEVIER, 2023
    Keywords
    SARS-CoV-2; Post-COVID condition; 2-Year follow-up; Residual symtoms; Rehabilitation; COVID-19; Long-term; Longitudinal
    National Category
    General Practice
    Identifiers
    urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-197441 (URN)10.1016/j.lanepe.2023.100595 (DOI)001042800200001 ()36855599 (PubMedID)
    Available from: 2023-09-12 Created: 2023-09-12 Last updated: 2024-12-30
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