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Gagnerud, Karin
Publications (2 of 2) Show all publications
Kambanou, M. L., Ahl, C., Gagnerud, K., Matschewsky, J., Jacobson, H., Carlson, A., . . . Lindahl, M. (2023). Circular workwear in construction and industry: Environmental, economic, legal, and provider and customer perspectives. Vinnova, Energimyndigheten, Formas
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Circular workwear in construction and industry: Environmental, economic, legal, and provider and customer perspectives
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2023 (English)Report (Other academic)
Abstract [sv]

Europeiska unionen (EU) har identifierat textilier som en av de sju nyckelproduktsvärdekedjor som behöver ökad cirkularitet. Syftet med detta projekt har varit att ur ett miljömässigt, ekonomiskt, juridiskt och leverantörs- och kundperspektiv undersöka potentiella cirkulära affärsmodeller för arbetskläder, samt resulterande förändringar av deras design. Fokus har varit på arbetskläder för små och medelstora företag (SME) inom bygg- och anläggningsbranschen. Undersökningen inkluderar användbarheten av olika design- och affärsmodellsförändringar som kan påverka resursförbrukningen och därmed bidra till en mer cirkulär ekonomi.

Ett nyckelresultat baserat på LCA är att alla undersökta förändringar, jämfört med en linjär modell, sannolikt kommer att leda till minskad miljöpåverkan för alla undersökta miljöeffektkategorier. Dessutom identifierades inga större juridiska hinder, även om vissa affärsmodeller kräver noggrann avtalsformulering. Flera förändringar leder dock inte till "bra affärer", antingen på grund av bristande acceptans hos användarna eller på grund av att de inte är ekonomiskt bärkraftiga.

Att designa och erbjuda arbetskläder med lång livslängd är en affärsmodell som många företag framgångsrikt implementerar. De flesta påstår att deras produkter är hållbara utan standardiserat sätt mäta.

En undersökt designförändring som vunnit accepts på marknaden och som erbjuds av projektpartnerföretaget CIRK-L är de avtagbara verktygsfickorna som möjliggör tätare och enklare tvätt och därmed längre livslängd för arbetskläder.

Tvättjänster och allt-i-ett-avtal som också möjliggör effektivare och frekventare tvätt accepteras dock inte i samma utsträckning. De visar sig vara logistiskt svåra att implementera, främst på grund av att arbetare frekvent byter arbetsplatser. De ansågs också vara för dyra för detta kundsegment, även om de framgångsrikt har tillämpats på andra segment inom industrin för arbetskläder. En anledning är att användaren för närvarande står för kostnaderna för transport och tvätt, medan dessa kontrakt skulle flytta denna kostnad till arbetsgivaren. Flera positiva värdeaspekter hittades med dessa undersökta affärsmodeller men inte tillräckligt för att uppväga kostnaderna och de praktiska utmaningarna.

Reparationstjänster baserade på reservdelar som kan bytas ut av användaren, såsom de av partnerföretaget CIRK-L erbjudna avtagbara underbenen på arbetsbyxor, förväntas vara ekonomiskt lönsamma. Då arbetskläder är relativt billiga är reparationer som involverar skräddare endast marginellt billigare än att köpa nytt då arbets- och fraktkostnader är dyra. Det innebär att kunden föredrar att köpa nytt. Flera åtgärder kan dock vidtas för att 6 förbättra situationen genom att adressera beteendeproblem kopplade till reparationer, vilket gör leveranskedjorna mer effektiva. Det finns även behov av att förbättra stödsystemen som möjliggör reparationer, t ex it- och distributionslösningar. Vissa initiala pilotprojekt och mindre satsningar som rör återanvändning eller användning för nya ändamål har identifierats men dessa kräver mer forskning.

Avslutningsvis, konsumtionsmönster för arbetskläder har också identifierats och det finns vissa tecken på överkonsumtion som bör studeras noggrannare.

Abstract [en]

The European Union (EU) has identified textiles as one of the seven key product valuechains that require increased circularity. This report aims to examine potential circularbusiness models and changes to the design of products and services in the workwearindustry from a holistic perspective, including environmental, economic, legal, and providerand customer perspectives. The focus has been on workwear for small and medium-sizedenterprises (SMEs) in the construction and building sectors. In this study, the potential toimplement various design and business model interventions, which could affect resourceconsumption and thus contribute to a more circular economy, were explored.

A key finding is that all the explored interventions, based on LCA findings, are likely toreduce environmental impacts in all examined impact categories compared to a linearmodel. Moreover, no significant legal barriers were identified, although some businessmodels require careful contract drafting. However, several interventions do not lead to“good business” either due to a lack of acceptance by the users or because they are noteconomically viable.

Designing and offering workwear with a long lifespan is a business model that manycompanies are successfully implementing. Most claim that their products are long-lastingwithout a standardized way to measure.

One examined design change that has gained market acceptance and is offered by theproject partner company CIRK-L is the detachable tool pockets, which allow for morefrequent and straightforward washing and thus longer lifespan for workwear.

However, laundry services and all-in-one contracts that also enable more efficient andfrequent washing, are not as well accepted. They prove to be logistically challenging toimplement, mainly because workers frequently change workplaces. They were alsoconsidered too expensive for this customer segment, despite having been successfullyapplied to other segments within the workwear industry. One reason is that the usercurrently bears the costs of transport to the washing facility and washing, while thesecontracts would shift this cost to the employer. Several positive value aspects were foundwith these examined business models, but not enough to outweigh the costs and practicalchallenges.

Repair services based on spare parts that can be replaced by the user, such as the detachablelower legs on work trousers offered by the partner company CIRK-L, are expected to beeconomically viable. As workwear is relatively cheap, repairs involving tailors are onlymarginally more affordable than buying new because labour and shipping costs arerelatively high. This means that the customer prefers to buy new. However, several measures can be taken to improve the situation by addressing behavioural issues related torepairs, making the repair supply chains more efficient. There is also a need to improvesupport systems that enable repairs, e.g., IT and distribution solutions. Some initial pilotprojects and small ventures related to upcycling or repurposing have also been identified,but these require further research.

Finally, consumption patterns for workwear have also been identified, and some signs ofoverconsumption should be studied more closely.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Vinnova, Energimyndigheten, Formas, 2023. p. 72
Keywords
circular business models, textile industry, workwear, resource-efficient, circular economy, circular start-up
National Category
Environmental Engineering
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-206991 (URN)
Projects
Cirkulära arbetskläder inom bygg och industri
Funder
Vinnova, 52057-1Swedish Energy Agency, 52057-1Swedish Research Council Formas, 52057-1
Available from: 2024-08-27 Created: 2024-08-27 Last updated: 2024-09-13
Kambanou, M. L., Gagnerud, K. & Lindahl, M. (2023). Consumption patterns of construction workwear and circular strategies to prolong its lifetime. In: Niinimäki, Kirsi; Cura, Kirsti (Ed.), PROCEEDINGS 5th Product Lifetimes And The Environment (PLATE) Conference: . Paper presented at 5th Product Lifetimes And The Environment (PLATE), Espoo, Finland, 31 May – 2 June 2023 (pp. 474-479). Espoo, Finland: Aalto University
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Consumption patterns of construction workwear and circular strategies to prolong its lifetime
2023 (English)In: PROCEEDINGS 5th Product Lifetimes And The Environment (PLATE) Conference / [ed] Niinimäki, Kirsi; Cura, Kirsti, Espoo, Finland: Aalto University , 2023, p. 474-479Conference paper, Published paper (Refereed)
Abstract [en]

The textile industry is characterized by unsustainable consumption patterns so circular strategies are being implemented to reduce consumption and waste. Workwear is a significant part of the textile industry but has received little attention from the research community. The aim is to describe the consumption patterns of a specific segment of the workwear industry i.e., construction workwear and explore circular strategies that prolong its lifetime. Data is collected through two sets of interviews, one with construction companies and one with companies in workwear industry and analyzed based on seven circular strategies: Refuse, Rethink, Reduce, Reuse, Repair, Refurbish and Remanufacture. The research is conducted in Sweden where employers usually provide clothes to employees. Concerning consumption patterns, the main finding is that workwear is usually discarded due to physical defects to the product, but workwear might also lose aesthetic and comfort value. Most construction workers wash their workwear at home, but some never wash items e.g., work trousers. The most promising circular strategy for construction workwear is repair, however, it is not commonplace. Therefore, construction companies need to set up easy-to-use processes and incentivize workers to send their clothes to repair. The lifetime of clothes has already been prolonged due to design changes in recent years and there is potential for more design improvements that can facilitate various circular strategies. Some infrequent fast fashion tendencies were noted, that should be addressed through policy and other measures. This study demonstrates that the workwear industry cannot be considered a homogeneous market, because different conditions that influence circular strategies apply to different segments.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Espoo, Finland: Aalto University, 2023
Series
Aalto University publication series ART + DESIGN + ARCHITECTURE,, E-ISSN 1799-4861 ; 3/2023
Keywords
Circular business model; Textile industry; Overconsumption; Circular strategy; Uniforms.
National Category
Environmental Management
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-198066 (URN)9789526413679 (ISBN)
Conference
5th Product Lifetimes And The Environment (PLATE), Espoo, Finland, 31 May – 2 June 2023
Projects
Cirkulära arbetskläder i bygg och industry
Funder
Swedish Research Council Formas, 52057-1Swedish Energy Agency, 52057-1Vinnova, 52057-1
Available from: 2023-09-24 Created: 2023-09-24 Last updated: 2025-02-10Bibliographically approved
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