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Ruiz Muñoz, Juan
Publications (2 of 2) Show all publications
Ruiz Muñoz, J. F. (2024). Problems in Problem-Based Design Engineering Education: Towards a Multidisciplinary Designerly Educational Approach. (Doctoral dissertation). Linköping: Linköping University Electronic Press
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Problems in Problem-Based Design Engineering Education: Towards a Multidisciplinary Designerly Educational Approach
2024 (English)Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
Abstract [en]

Modern industry faces complex and 'wicked' problems that require engineering professionals to go beyond traditional natural science-based linear problem-solving approaches and adopt collaborative, multidisciplinary, and iterative problem-solving strategies. To tackle these kinds of problems, organizations are increasingly turning to design problem- solving methods based on the designer’s way of thinking, acting, and doing. Designers have a distinctive ability to deal with poorly defined, ambiguous, or "wicked" problems by emphasizing iterative exploration of both the problem and the solution spaces. They do this through design reasoning patterns that involve constant iteration and temporary solutions. This shift towards designerly ways of problem-solving has, in turn, had an effect on engineering education, where there has been a significant shift towards educational models that utilize design methodologies to engage students in immersive problem-solving experiences. One challenge for educators who utilize models based on designerly thinking is to create structures that actually support the learning objectives, and the development of student skills that are rooted in design reasoning and acting, and not merely in design tools. Another challenge is to support collaboration across multiple areas that traditionally had clear boundaries.

This thesis studies practices utilized by educators in problem-based designerly education to understand the underlying mechanisms and theoretical underpinnings of problem exploration in multidisciplinary education. Additionally, this thesis aims to explore and discuss the same processes and methods in the context of multidisciplinary education and design objects that can support collaboration across boundaries.

This thesis's key contributions are the exploration and discussion of aspects of problem exploration, framing, and reframing in a designerly problem-based multidisciplinary educational environment, as well as the challenges and difficulties that educators and students encounter in the process of exploring problems and collaborating and crossing disciplinary boundaries with participants from multiple disciplines. To do so, this thesis first explores the importance that (the framing of the) design brief has in the problem-solving process. Furthermore, the design briefs are discussed as boundary objects that serve a crucial role in negotiation, communication, and coordination tools between stakeholders. Second, the importance of the reflective process that follows the idea generation and prototype-building activities are discussed as an aspect of an educational model that allows participants to explore problems and avoid design fixation. Moreover, these objects are discussed based on their function as disciplinary boundary crossing objects and as an aid in negotiation, and collaboration objects in problem exploration. Thirdly, methods and processes for assessment of student characteristics and skills are discussed, where tensions and trade-offs between self-reporting and observer-based methods are studied and explored. These methods then serve as boundary objects in the discussions between teaching teams in the student team formation process. Furthermore, team building and specifically the process of trust-building and objects that aid in boundary-crossing collaboration and communication to develop trust between students are also discussed.

Abstract [sv]

Den moderna industrin står inför komplexa och så kallade "lömska"(eng. wicked) problem som kräver att ingenjörer går längre än traditionella naturvetenskapsbaserade linjära problemlösningsmetoder och antar samarbetande, multidisciplinära och iterativa problemlösningsstrategier. För att ta itu med den här typen av problem vänder sig organisationer i allt högre grad till designproblemlösningsmetoder baserade på designerns sätt att tänka, agera och göra.

Designers har en utmärkande förmåga att hantera dåligt definierade, tvetydiga och "lömska" problem genom att betona iterativ utforskning av både problemet och lösningsutrymmena. De gör detta genom designresonemangsmönster som involverar konstant iteration och tillfälliga lösningar. Denna förändring mot designmässiga sätt att lösa problem har i sin tur haft en effekt på ingenjörsutbildningen, där det har skett en betydande förändring mot utbildningsmodeller som använder designmetoder för att engagera studenter i verklighetsnära problemlösningsupplevelser. En utmaning för pedagoger som använder modeller baserade på designtänkande är att skapa strukturer som faktiskt stödjer lärandemålen och utvecklingen av studenters färdigheter som är förankrade i designresonemang och agerande, och inte bara i designverktyg. En annan utmaning är att stödja samarbete över flera områden som traditionellt har haft tydliga gränser.

Denna avhandling studerar den praxis som används av lärare i problembaserad designutbildning för att förstå de underliggande mekanismerna och teoretiska grunderna för problemutforskning i multidisciplinär utbildning. Dessutom syftar denna avhandling till att utforska och diskutera samma processer och metoder inom ramen för multidisciplinär utbildning och skapa designobjekt som kan stödja samarbete över gränser.

Den här avhandlingens nyckelbidrag är utforskandet och diskussionen av aspekter av problemutforskning, inramning och omformulering i en designmässigt problembaserad multidisciplinär pedagogisk miljö, såväl som de utmaningar och svårigheter som lärare och studenter möter i processen att utforska problem och samarbeta när disciplinära gränser korsas med deltagare från flera discipliner. För att göra det undersöker denna avhandling först vilken betydelse (utformningen av) "designbriefs" har i problemlösningsprocessen. Vidare diskuteras "designbriefs" som gränsobjekt som har en avgörande roll i förhandlings-, kommunikations- och samordningsverktyg mellan intressenter. För det andra diskuteras vikten av den reflekterande process som följer på idégenereringen och prototypbyggande aktiviteter som en aspekt av en utbildningsmodell som tillåter deltagarna att utforska problem och undvika designfixering. Dessa objekt diskuteras också utifrån sin funktion som disciplinära gränsöverskridande objekt och som hjälpmedel vid förhandling, och samverkansobjekt vid problemutforskning. För det tredje diskuteras metoder och processer för bedömning av studenters egenskaper och färdigheter, där spänningar och avvägningar mellan självrapportering och observatörsbaserade metoder studeras och utforskas. Dessa metoder fungerar sedan som gränsobjekt i diskussionerna mellan lärarlag i teamformeringsprocessen. Vidare diskuteras teambuilding och specifikt processen att bygga upp tillit och objekt som hjälper till i gränsöverskridande samarbete och kommunikation för att utveckla tillit mellan studenterna.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Linköping: Linköping University Electronic Press, 2024. p. 155
Series
Linköping Studies in Science and Technology. Dissertations, ISSN 0345-7524 ; 2388
National Category
Design
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-202865 (URN)10.3384/9789180756600 (DOI)9789180756594 (ISBN)9789180756600 (ISBN)
Public defence
2024-05-20, ACAS, A Building, Campus Valla, Linköping, 09:00 (English)
Opponent
Supervisors
Available from: 2024-04-23 Created: 2024-04-23 Last updated: 2025-02-24Bibliographically approved
Ruiz Muñoz, J. & Wever, R. (2022). THE BEST OF TIMES, THE WORST OF TIMES; STUDENT DESIGN TEAM FORMATION. In: Proceedings of the 24th International Conference on Engineering and Product Design Education (E&PDE 2022): . Paper presented at E&PDE2022.
Open this publication in new window or tab >>THE BEST OF TIMES, THE WORST OF TIMES; STUDENT DESIGN TEAM FORMATION
2022 (English)In: Proceedings of the 24th International Conference on Engineering and Product Design Education (E&PDE 2022), 2022Conference paper, Published paper (Refereed)
Abstract [en]

In design education, challenge-based approaches where students work on real industry problems are becoming increasingly common. Such education relies heavily on teamwork. Consequently, this requires educators to form teams that can deliver the desired outcome while fomenting learning and collaboration among teammates.Most of the literature on team formation in design education is focused on larger cohorts, of dozens or hundreds of students, where slackers or free riders are a major concern. In the present study, we focus on team formation within smaller cohorts, of pre-selected, highly motivated students. We use two global networks of collaborating universities teaching design thinking. In each project, a multidisciplinary group of three to five students from one university is teamed up with a similar group of students from a second university along with a corporate sponsor that provides the challenge. We selected teaching team members from participant universities to interview about their practices regarding team formation. Both the interviewees themselves and their institutions had multi-year experience in forming multiple teams out of a group of pre-selected students. We interviewed 6 teaching team members (from 5 universities) for about an hour each. The interviews were recorded, transcribed, and analysed, to contrast their practices to each other as well as to theory. Practices range from a halfday session to a multi-week warm-up period prior to the proper course. Our findings are that current practices have evolved through trial and error over time and are only partially grounded in theory on team formation.

National Category
Didactics Design
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-215762 (URN)
Conference
E&PDE2022
Available from: 2025-06-27 Created: 2025-06-27 Last updated: 2025-06-27
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