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2025 (English)In: Advanced Materials, ISSN 0935-9648, E-ISSN 1521-4095, Vol. 37, no 44, article id e09314Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]
Organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs) are crucial for next-generation (bio-)electronic devices but are often constrained by the use of aqueous electrolytes, which introduce crosstalk, hinder miniaturization, and limit circuit integration. Here, a photo-patternable solid-state electrolyte based on iota-carrageenan (iota-CGN) and poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate (PEGDA) is presented, enabling high-performance OECTs and complementary circuits. The iota-CGN electrolyte exhibits high ionic conductivity (>10 mS cm(-1)), comparable to a 0.1 m NaCl aqueous electrolyte, while supporting precise patterning down to 15 mu m, fast transient response times, minimal hysteresis, and excellent stability in both p- and n-type OECTs. Compact solid-state NAND/NOR gates (500 x 800 mu m(2)), 4-input NAND gates (1600 x 800 mu m(2), 8 OECTs), and half-adders (2 x 1 mm(2), 18 OECTs) are demonstrated, all exhibiting correct logic functions and low-voltage operation. To highlight its potential for implantable bioelectronics, solid-state spiking circuits, monolithically integrated with flexible cuff electrodes, are developed for vagus nerve stimulation in mice. These findings establish iota-CGN-based solid-state electrolytes as a promising platform for scalable, implantable circuits, paving the way for next-generation bioelectronic devices.
Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH, 2025
Keywords
implantable bioelectronics; integrated complementary logic circuits; organic electrochemical transistors; photo-patternable solid-state electrolyte
National Category
Inorganic Chemistry
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-217498 (URN)10.1002/adma.202509314 (DOI)001556100900001 ()40845361 (PubMedID)2-s2.0-105013867275 (Scopus ID)
Note
Funding Agencies|Knut och Alice Wallenbergs Stiftelse
2025-09-092025-09-092026-02-03Bibliographically approved