Purpose: In times of geopolitical tensions, extreme weather, and pandemics, the importance of resilient and sustainable supply chains cannot be overstated. Despite this, there is a gap in the literature on the interplay between Green Supply Chain Management (GSCM) and Supply Chain Resilience (SCR). Therefore, this paper aims to empirically explore synergies and trade-offs between GSCM and SCR.

Design/methodology/approach: The research is based on a multiple-case study of five logistics and manufacturing companies in Sweden. Our empirical data sources encompass semi-structured interviews with eleven managers specializing in logistics and sustainability, along with information from webpages, sustainability reports, and various documents.

Findings: Our findings consist of four main observations. 1. Synergies and trade-offs between GSCM and SCR arise from various considerations and behaviors beyond a narrow scope of GSCM and SCR practices. 2. Various company performance outcomes can trigger synergies and trade-offs between GSCM and SCR. 3. The relationship between GSCM and SCR is dynamic and evolvable. 4. Understanding system boundaries is crucial when analyzing whether synergies or trade-offs are created.

Research limitations/implications: This study represents a first attempt to empirically understand the interplay between SSCM and SCR. Future research could include surveys and other quantitative methods to further validate the findings.

Practical implications: Improving the understanding of the interplay between GSCM and SCR can help companies to develop more holistic and effective strategies for achieving short-term as well as long-term goals.

Original/value: GSCM and SCR have distinct objectives, processes, and performance metrics, their strategies often overlap. This study contributes to research by providing empirical evidence on the interplay.

Although sustainability and resilience have become increasingly important within Supply Chain Management (SCM) the interplay between Sustainable Supply Chain Management (SSCM) and Supply Chain Resilience (SCR) is a nascent research stream. This paper conducts a systematic literature review (SLR) to understand how the interplay between SSCM and SCR has been described in previous research. The analysis of the articles included in the SLR shows three types of relationships based on performance, causality and scope. The paper proposes a multidimensional meta model that structures the relationship between SSCM and SCR and suggests further research areas.