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Karresand, H. (2015). Creating new energy orders: restrictions and opportunities for energy efficient behavior. In: Jonas Anshelm, Kajsa Ellegård, Jenny Palm, Harald Rohracher (Ed.), Socio-technical perspectives on sustainable energy systems: (pp. 47-73). Linköping: Linköping University
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Creating new energy orders: restrictions and opportunities for energy efficient behavior
2015 (English)In: Socio-technical perspectives on sustainable energy systems / [ed] Jonas Anshelm, Kajsa Ellegård, Jenny Palm, Harald Rohracher, Linköping: Linköping University , 2015, p. 47-73Chapter in book (Other academic)
Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Linköping: Linköping University, 2015
Series
Linköping studies in technology and social change ; 2
Keywords
Energiförbrukning-- miljöaspekter
National Category
Energy Systems
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-118908 (URN)978-91-7519-104-1 (ISBN)
Available from: 2015-06-05 Created: 2015-06-05 Last updated: 2021-01-28Bibliographically approved
Karresand, H. (2015). Household energy use regarded as energy orders: Practical implications for housing companies. In: eceee 2015 Summer Study on energy efficiency: First Fuel Now. Paper presented at eceee 2015 Summer Study (pp. 2185-2195). Stockholm: European Council for an Energy Efficient Economy (ECEEE)
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Household energy use regarded as energy orders: Practical implications for housing companies
2015 (English)In: eceee 2015 Summer Study on energy efficiency: First Fuel Now, Stockholm: European Council for an Energy Efficient Economy (ECEEE), 2015, p. 2185-2195Conference paper, Published paper (Refereed)
Abstract [en]

Building low energy housing is one way of reducing householdenergy use, particularly energy used for heating andwarm water. Household appliance use, on the other hand,is often left out even though it contributes to overall energyuse in households. Housing companies are therefore missingpart of the potential in reducing energy use simply becausethe energy used for appliances not accounted for. However,research on household energy use in general is abundant,and the subject has been studied from different aspects andstandpoints, for example, by regarding energy use as part ofeveryday practices. Another way of studying energy use in thehome is to view energy use as energy orders. The energy orderconcept is based on time-geographical concepts and includesthe concrete use of appliances and other material resourcesin the home as well as sequences of activities in their everydaycontext. With this approach, restrictions and possibilitiesfor doing things differently in everyday life become clearer,making it easier to analyse where the possibilities for changedbehaviour lie.Interviews were conducted with 14 households, a total of25 persons, to study how appliances and the design of lowenergy flats influence everyday activities. Results show thatevery household has unique energy orders, which means thathouseholds use resources in different ways depending on individualprojects, capacities and everyday context. This leadsto differences in energy use. On the other hand, the decisionsmade by housing companies have an impact on householdenergy behaviour, which means that households are able toinfluence energy use only to a certain degree. Housing companiesshould therefore communicate with their tenants inorder to learn more about how tenants experience the materialaspects of their flats and how they actually use both appliancesand the flats in general. By doing this, housing companieswould gain new knowledge and find opportunities toimprove functionality in ways that enable different energyorders.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Stockholm: European Council for an Energy Efficient Economy (ECEEE), 2015
Series
eceee Summer Studies proceedings, ISSN 1653-7025, E-ISSN 2001-7960
Keywords
passive houses, activities, appliances, household electricity, housing companies
National Category
Peace and Conflict Studies Other Social Sciences not elsewhere specified
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-123473 (URN)9789198048278 (ISBN)9789198048261 (ISBN)
Conference
eceee 2015 Summer Study
Funder
Swedish Energy Agency
Available from: 2015-12-18 Created: 2015-12-18 Last updated: 2025-02-20Bibliographically approved
Karresand, H. (2014). Apparater, aktiviteter och aktörer: Lågenergiboende som resurs och restriktion för energiordningar. (Doctoral dissertation). Linköping: Linköping University Electronic Press
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Apparater, aktiviteter och aktörer: Lågenergiboende som resurs och restriktion för energiordningar
2014 (Swedish)Doctoral thesis, monograph (Other academic)
Alternative title[en]
Appliances, activities and actors : Low energy housing - resources and restrictions for energy orders
Abstract [sv]

Energianvändningen inom bostadssektorn har stadigt ökat och verkar inte minska trots energieffektiva apparater. Genom att bygga lågenergibostäder försöker bostadsbolagen minska energianvändningen, vilket också sker, men endast vad gäller uppvärmning och varmvatten. Syfte med avhandlingen är att öka kunskapen kring hushållens energianvändning i passivhus med fokus på hushållens aktiviteter. Intervjustudier har utförts med hushåll och bostadsbolag för att utröna hur de materiella förutsättningarna påverkar vardagsaktiviteter i hushållen. Utifrån tidsgeografiska begrepp analyseras några vardagliga hushållsprojekt: mathållning, klädvård och rekreation. Begreppet energiordning används för att påvisa hur aktiviteters genomförande påverkas av resurser, restriktioner och möjligheter av olika slag, inklusive elektricitet. Eftersom varje hushåll är unikt kommer också energiordningarna i hushållen att se olika ut vilket påverkar värmekomforten i bostaden. Passivhuskonceptet som sådant påverkar inte aktiviteterna i nämnvärd grad, men hushållen bevarar gärna den värme som uppstår i och med olika aktiviteter genom att öppna dörrar och ugnsluckor för att sprida värmen i bostaden. En slutsats från studien är att eftersom alla hushåll har unika energiordningar behöver också de materiella  resurserna anpassas så att olika handlingsalternativ blir möjliga. Genom att ta del av hushållens erfarenheter av olika energiordningar kan bostadsbolagen få tillgång till nya idéer och anpassa de materiella förutsättningarna till hushållens behov så att energieffektivt boende också inbegriper hushållens aktiviteter.

Abstract [en]

Energy use in the residential sector has gradually increased and does not seem to be decreasing in spite of energy efficient appliances. By building low energy homes, housing companies are trying to reduce energy use, and to some extent they are succeeding, although the reductions are confined to heating and hot water. The aim of the thesis is to increase knowledge about household energy use in passive houses focusing on household activities. Interviews were conducted with households and public housing companies to investigate how material conditions, such as the flats and the appliances, affect daily activities in the home. Based on time-geographic concepts, a few everyday household projects are analyzed: cooking, care of clothing and recreation. The concept of energy orders is used to show that the realization of activities is influenced by various kinds of resources, including electricity, and the constraints and opportunities related to them. Since each household is unique, the energy orders also look different, which has an influence on the thermal comfort in the home. The passive house concept as such does not affect household activities in a profound way, but the households try to preserve and spread the spill heat generated in various activities by opening doors to rooms and doors of appliances such as the oven to distribute the heat throughout the flat. One conclusion from the thesis is that, because all households have unique energy orders, material resources also need to be adapted so that activities can be performed in a variety of ways. By taking advantage of household experiences, housing companies may gain access to new ideas and improve functionality so that material conditions suit household needs. By taking advantage of household experiences, housing companies may gain access to new ideas and improve functionality so that material conditions in energy efficient housing are designed to suit a broad range of household needs.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Linköping: Linköping University Electronic Press, 2014. p. 273 inkl. bilagorna A-D
Series
Linköping Studies in Arts and Sciences, ISSN 0282-9800 ; 630
Keywords
Passive house, household, household activities, public housing companies, low energy homes, energy use, household appliances, everyday life, time geography, energy order, Passivhus, hushåll, hushållsaktiviteter, bostadsbolag, lågenergibostad, energianvändning, hushållsapparater, vardagsliv, tidsgeografi, energiordning
National Category
Peace and Conflict Studies Other Social Sciences not elsewhere specified Social Sciences
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-110761 (URN)10.3384/diss.diva-110761 (DOI)978-91-7519-237-6 (ISBN)
Public defence
2014-10-24, TEMCAS, Hus T, Campus Valla, Linköpings universitet, Linköping, 13:15 (Swedish)
Opponent
Supervisors
Available from: 2014-09-22 Created: 2014-09-22 Last updated: 2025-02-20Bibliographically approved
Karresand, H. (2013). Creating new energy orders: Restrictions and opportunities for energy efficient behaviour. In: Lindström, Therese (Ed.), eceee 2013 Summer Study on energy efficiency: Rethink, renew, restart. Paper presented at eceee 2013 Summer Study on energy efficiency, 3–8 June 2013, Toulon/Hyères, France (pp. 2147-2158). Stockholm: European Council for an Energy Efficient Economy (ECEEE)
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Creating new energy orders: Restrictions and opportunities for energy efficient behaviour
2013 (English)In: eceee 2013 Summer Study on energy efficiency: Rethink, renew, restart / [ed] Lindström, Therese, Stockholm: European Council for an Energy Efficient Economy (ECEEE), 2013, p. 2147-2158Conference paper, Published paper (Refereed)
Abstract [en]

Technological development and regulations are gradually making buildings and appliances more energy efficient but household electricity use remains at relatively high levels and does not seem to be decreasing despite improvements in equipment. The point of departure in this paper is the potential for more energy efficient behaviour where household activities are concerned and how that can be studied. It focuses on public housing companies that have built passive houses, in which appliance use is an integral part of maintaining a comfortable indoor climate.

The purpose of this paper is to introduce a model called energy orders for analysing household activities in passive houses and identifying restrictions and opportunities for energy efficient behaviour connected to laundry activities. Qualitative interviews have been conducted with public housing residents on their everyday activities and use of appliances.

Results show that activities may be realised in very different ways, and they may result in more or less electricity use depending on the resources households use. However, households are affected by various restrictions that prevent them from making better choices energy wise. Also, opportunities for taking certain actions vary between households. While individual choices do matter the households are undoubtedly limited by restrictions shaped by housing companies and other organisations. Identifying the obstacles that deter households from acting more energy efficiently may increase the potential of the passive house to further reduce household electricity use. Housing companies need to provide more flexible solutions in order to create better opportunities for households to act in more energy efficient ways.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Stockholm: European Council for an Energy Efficient Economy (ECEEE), 2013
Series
eceee Summer Studies proceedings, ISSN 1653-7025, E-ISSN 2001-7960
Keywords
households, appliances, energy behaviour, passive houses, constraints, public housing
National Category
Peace and Conflict Studies Other Social Sciences not elsewhere specified
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-94226 (URN)9789198048223 (ISBN)9789198048230 (ISBN)
Conference
eceee 2013 Summer Study on energy efficiency, 3–8 June 2013, Toulon/Hyères, France
Funder
Swedish Energy Agency
Available from: 2013-06-19 Created: 2013-06-19 Last updated: 2025-02-20
Karresand, H. (2012). The Wrench in the Works: Household Behavior and Why Energy Efficient Buildings are not Enough. In: 2012 ACEEE Summer Study on Energy Efficincy in Buildings: Fueling Our Future with Efficiency. Paper presented at ACEEE Summer Study on Energy Efficiency in Buildings. Washington, D.C.
Open this publication in new window or tab >>The Wrench in the Works: Household Behavior and Why Energy Efficient Buildings are not Enough
2012 (English)In: 2012 ACEEE Summer Study on Energy Efficincy in Buildings: Fueling Our Future with Efficiency, Washington, D.C., 2012Conference paper, Oral presentation only (Refereed)
Abstract [en]

In many countries around the world there is a shift towards constructing more energy efficient buildings. Research shows that the buildings have better energy performance but still are not reaching the overall targets of reduced energy consumption. Household electricity use in low energy buildings is similar to that in conventional buildings. If the buildings are getting better, then what is missing from the equation? The aim of this study is to introduce a model called energy order which can be used to analyze how people living in low energy buildings actually conduct their everyday activities. A more specific objective is to look at the use of household appliances and their role in everyday life.

Interviews have been conducted with people living in low energy apartments classified as passive houses. The passive house concept focuses on a tight building envelope, appliances and people’s activities in the home as important means of maintaining a comfortable indoor temperature. The interviews concentrate on the use of household appliances, in particular white goods. Results show that reducing energy consumption is usually not a priority in the households studied, and hence low energy buildings are not as successful energy wise as anticipated. The main reason is that the household members rarely think actively about lowering energy consumption and thus fail to recognize their own role in the system. Also, various restrictions prevent people in these households from making better energy choices.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Washington, D.C.: , 2012
Keywords
Behavior & Human Dimensions, Electricity, Laundry, Multi-Family Homes
National Category
Peace and Conflict Studies Other Social Sciences not elsewhere specified
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-81103 (URN)
Conference
ACEEE Summer Study on Energy Efficiency in Buildings
Available from: 2012-09-27 Created: 2012-09-07 Last updated: 2025-02-20Bibliographically approved
Karresand, H., Molin, A., Persson, J. & Åberg, M. (2009). How passive are your activities?: An interdisciplinary comparative energy analysis of passive and conventional houses in Linköping. Linköping: Linköping University Electronic Press
Open this publication in new window or tab >>How passive are your activities?: An interdisciplinary comparative energy analysis of passive and conventional houses in Linköping
2009 (English)Report (Other academic)
Abstract [sv]

Vilken påverkan har vårt vardagsliv och de aktiviteter som sker i hemmet på vår miljö lokalt och globalt sett? Hur bidrar vi till den nu så aktuella frågan om global uppvärmning? Vanliga företeelser såsom matlagning, dörrar och fönster som öppnas, att ta ett bad eller en sådan grundläggande sak som vår närvaro är alla exempel som påverkar det globala energisystemet.

Om en dörr öppnas eller om en ugn sätts på påverkas inomhusklimatet genom förändringar i inomhustemperatur och luftkvalité. Som en följd av detta påverkas även energianvändningen i huset vi bor i samt det lokala energisystemet vi befinner oss i. Förändringar i lokala energisystem får i sin tur följder för det globala energisystemet och därmed klimatet på global nivå. Därmed är det inte sagt att allt vi i vardagen gör indirekt har negativa konsekvenser på det globala klimatet. De två följande frågorna utgör grunden till denna rapport: Vad kan göras för att minska de negativa effekterna av en energipåverkande aktivitet? Och vad finns det för möjligheter att göra detta?

Ett alternativ är att förbättra våra byggnader så att den värme som kommer från solen, våra kroppar och aktiviteter tillvaratas på ett optimalt sätt, just detta är grundtanken med konceptet passivhus som under det senaste årtiondet fått alltmer gehör. I ett passivhus använder man sig av ett välisolerat klimatskal samt värmeväxling för att uppnå ett behagligt inomhusklimat samtidigt som en minimering av uppvärmningsbehovet sker.

Denna studie omfattar ett antal nybyggda passivhus och ett antal konventionella hus i bostadsområdet Lambohov i Linköping. Här undersöks hushållsaktiviteters påverkan på energibalansen i båda hustyperna samt vilka effekter en omfattande ombyggnation till passivhus kan ha på Linköpings energisystem. Studien jämför hur uppvärmningsystemet påverkar inomhusklimatet för de boende. I studien ingår även en undersökning om de förväntningar de nyinflyttade har på passivhusen samt de förväntningar som bostadsbolaget har på hyresgästerna. Vidare undersöks de faktorer som motiverade byggandet utifrån bostadsbolagets samt staden Linköpings perspektiv.

Denna rapport går bakom kulisserna på passivhusen i Lambohov och söker information kring aktörer och hyresgäster av dessa passiva radhus-hyreslägenheter. En bottom-up-metod används för att få en realistisk bild av hushållets verksamheter som bidrar till den passiva uppvärmningen av byggnaden. Mätningar av energianvändning och termiskt inomhusklimat sker i precisionen 5-sekunder och extrapoleras i både tid och rum från hushållet till byggnaden och sedan över till kommunal nivå i syfte att identifiera miljöeffekter globalt.

Studien är tvärvetenskaplig i den bemärkelse att den innehåller användning av teori och metoder för analys och insamling av information som traditionellt används inom olika vetenskapliga discipliner. Ett systemtänkande tillämpas som bygger på idén om att utföra en analys av passivhusens energisystem som sträcker sig över flera systemnivåer. Den första systemnivån där studien startar är hushållsnivån, den innefattar hyresgästerna och de termiska laster som genereras från vardagliga hushållsaktiviteter. Från hushållsnivån går studien vidare upp till byggnadsnivån där egenskaperna hos själva byggnaderna samt värme och ventilationssystem analyseras inom ramen för inomhusklimat och energibalans i byggnaden. Slutligen nås den lokala nivån för att ta reda på vilka motiv som fanns för kommunen och bostadsbolaget att investera i passivhus från första början. Här ingår även en optimeringsstudie om effekterna av en omfattande ombyggnation till passivhus. De olika nivåerna i energisystemet som beskrevs här illustreras i figuren nedan.

Abstract [en]

In this study a number of new built passive and conventional houses in the residential area of Lambohov, Linköping, are studied. The effect of household activities on the building’s energy balance is investigated along with an investigation of the effects of an extensive adaptation to passive houses in the energy system of Linköping. The study compares how the heating system affects the thermal indoor climate for the tenants. Further on, the study also contains in-depth interviews on the expectations on the passive houses of the recently moved in tenants. Also the expectations from the housing company on the tenants and the factors that motivated the actual building of the passive houses are investigated, both out of the housing company’s perspective and the perspective of the City of Linköping.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Linköping: Linköping University Electronic Press, 2009. p. 148
Series
Arbetsnotat / Program Energisystem, ISSN 1403-8307 ; 42
Keywords
Energy, buildings, passive house
National Category
Energy Systems
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-78533 (URN)
Available from: 2012-06-15 Created: 2012-06-14 Last updated: 2016-05-04Bibliographically approved
Organisations
Identifiers
ORCID iD: ORCID iD iconorcid.org/0000-0002-5482-123X

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