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Veibäck, Clas
Publications (7 of 7) Show all publications
Veibäck, C., Skoglund, M. A., Hendeby, G. & Gustafsson, F. (2022). Linearized Direction of Arrival. In: Proceedings of the 25th International Conference on Information Fusion (FUSION), Linköping, Sweden, 04-07 July 2022.: . Paper presented at The 25th International Conference on Information Fusion (FUSION), Linköping, Sweden, 04-07 July 2022.. IEEE
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Linearized Direction of Arrival
2022 (English)In: Proceedings of the 25th International Conference on Information Fusion (FUSION), Linköping, Sweden, 04-07 July 2022., IEEE, 2022Conference paper, Published paper (Refereed)
Abstract [en]

Linearized Direction of Arrival (LinDoA) is a method for sound source localization that is designed for use with wearable microphone arrays. The method uses a Taylor series expansion of the sound source signal in the time domain to beamform and estimate the direction of arrival. The original method is limited to spatial sampling, but is here generalized to also consider temporal sampling for improved performance and usability. The proposed generalization allows for time-domain formulations of the Delay-and-Sum and Minimum-Variance Distortionless Response beamformers in addition to the original formulation by implementing interpolation and estimating the noise covariance. A number of variants of the method are described and the design choices are discussed. The methods are evaluated on data gathered by a head-worn array in real and simulated experiments and are compared to conventional methods. They are shown to perform on par with conventional methods at a reduced computational cost.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
IEEE, 2022
Keywords
LinDoA; Microphone Array; DoA Estimation
National Category
Control Engineering
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-188211 (URN)10.23919/FUSION49751.2022.9841351 (DOI)000855689000123 ()9781737749721 (ISBN)9781665489416 (ISBN)
Conference
The 25th International Conference on Information Fusion (FUSION), Linköping, Sweden, 04-07 July 2022.
Funder
Swedish Research Council, Scalable Kalman Filters
Note

Funding: William Demant Foundation; Center for Industrial Information Technology at Linkoping University (CENIIT); Swedish Research Council through the project Scalable Kalman Filters

Available from: 2022-09-06 Created: 2022-09-06 Last updated: 2022-10-17
Veibäck, C., Olofsson, J., Lauknes, T. R. & Hendeby, G. (2020). Learning Target Dynamics While Tracking Using Gaussian Processes. IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems, 56(4), 2591-2602
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Learning Target Dynamics While Tracking Using Gaussian Processes
2020 (English)In: IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems, ISSN 0018-9251, E-ISSN 1557-9603, Vol. 56, no 4, p. 2591-2602Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Tracked targets often exhibit common behaviors due to influences from the surrounding environment, such as wind or obstacles, which are usually modeled as noise. Here, these influences are modeled using sparse Gaussian processes that are learned online together with the state inference using an extended Kalman filter. The method can also be applied to time-varying influences and identify simple dynamic systems. The method is evaluated with promising results in a simulation and a real-world application.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE), 2020
Keywords
Gaussian processes; Computational modeling; Adaptation models; Target tracking; Estimation; Time-varying systems; Extended Kalman filter (EKF); identification; online learning; sparse Gaussian process (GP); target tracking
National Category
Control Engineering
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-168871 (URN)10.1109/TAES.2019.2948699 (DOI)000556829700007 ()2-s2.0-85089537567 (Scopus ID)
Note

Funding Agencies|Vinnova Industry Excellence Center LINK-SICVinnova; European Union Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Sklodowska-Curie GrantEuropean Union (EU) [642153]; Research Council of Norway through the Centres of Excellence funding scheme [223254-NTNU-AMOS]; CENIIT program at Linkoping University [17:12]; FRAM Centre, Tromso, Norway, through the Project "Ground-based radar measurements of sea-ice, icebergs, and growlers"

Available from: 2020-09-11 Created: 2020-09-11 Last updated: 2020-10-16
Veibäck, C., Skoglund, M., Gustafsson, F. & Hendeby, G. (2020). Sound Source Localization and Reconstruction Using a Wearable Microphone Array and Inertial Sensors. In: Proceedings of the 23rd International Conference on Information Fusion: Fusion 2020. Paper presented at 23rd International Conference on Information Fusion, virtual conference, Pretoria, South Africa, July 6-9, 2020 (pp. 1086-1093). Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Sound Source Localization and Reconstruction Using a Wearable Microphone Array and Inertial Sensors
2020 (English)In: Proceedings of the 23rd International Conference on Information Fusion: Fusion 2020, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE), 2020, p. 1086-1093Conference paper, Published paper (Refereed)
Abstract [en]

A wearable microphone array platform is used tolocalize stationary sound sources and amplify the sound inthe desired directions using several beamforming methods. Theplatform is equipped with inertial sensors and a magnetometerallowing predictions of source locations during orientationchanges and compensation for the displacement in the arrayconfiguration. The platform is modular, open and 3D printedto allow for easy reconfiguration of the array and for reuse inother applications, e.g., mobile robotics. The software componentsare based on open source. A new method for source localizationand signal reconstruction using Taylor expansion of the signals isproposed. This and various standard and non-standard Directionof Arrival (DOA) methods are evaluated in simulation andexperiments with the platform to track and reconstruct multipleand single sources. Results show that sound sources can belocalized and tracked robustly and accurately while rotating theplatform and that the proposed method outperforms standardmethods at reconstructing the signals.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE), 2020
Keywords
LinDoA, Microphone Array, Prototype, Direction of Arrival, Source Separation
National Category
Control Engineering
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-167476 (URN)10.23919/FUSION45008.2020.9190480 (DOI)000659928700145 ()978-0-9964527-6-2 (ISBN)
Conference
23rd International Conference on Information Fusion, virtual conference, Pretoria, South Africa, July 6-9, 2020
Projects
Scalable Kalman Filters
Funder
Swedish Research Council
Note

Funding: Oticon Foundation; Center for Industrial Information Technology at Linkoping University (CENIIT); Swedish Research CouncilSwedish Research CouncilEuropean Commission

Available from: 2020-07-08 Created: 2020-07-08 Last updated: 2021-10-07
Veibäck, C. (2018). Tracking the Wanders of Nature. (Doctoral dissertation). Linköping: Linköping University Electronic Press
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Tracking the Wanders of Nature
2018 (English)Doctoral thesis, monograph (Other academic)
Abstract [en]

Target tracking is a mature topic with over half a century of mainly military and aviation research. The field has lately expanded into a range of civilian applications due to the development of cheap sensors and improved computational power. With the rise of new applications, new challenges emerge, and with better hardware there is an opportunity to employ more elaborated algorithms.

There are five main contributions to the field of target tracking in this thesis. Contributions I-IV concern the development of non-conventional models for target tracking and the resulting estimation methods. Contribution V concerns a reformulation for improved performance. To show the functionality and applicability of the contributions, all proposed methods are applied to and verified on experimental data related to tracking of animals or other objects in nature.

In Contribution I, sparse Gaussian processes are proposed to model behaviours of targets that are caused by influences from the environment, such as wind or obstacles. The influences are learned online as a part of the state estimation using an extended Kalman filter. The method is also adapted to handle time-varying influences and to identify dynamic systems. It is shown to improve accuracy over the nearly constant velocity and acceleration models in simulation. The method is also evaluated in a sea ice tracking application using data from a radar on Svalbard.

In Contribution II, a state-space model is derived that incorporates observations with uncertain timestamps. An example of such observations could be traces left by a target. Estimation accuracy is shown to be better than the alternative of disregarding the observation. The position of an orienteering sprinter is improved using the control points as additional observations.

In Contribution III, targets that are confined to a certain space, such as animals in captivity, are modelled to avoid collision with the boundaries by turning. The proposed model forces the predictions to remain inside the confined space compared to conventional models that may suffer from infeasible predictions. In particular the model improves robustness against occlusions. The model is successfully used to track dolphins in a dolphinarium as they swim in a basin with occluded sections.

In Contribution IV, an extension to the jump Markov model is proposed that incorporates observations of the mode that are state-independent. Normally, the mode is estimated by comparing actual and predicted observations of the state. However, sensor signals may provide additional information directly dependent on the mode. Such information from a video recorded by biologists is used to estimate take-off times and directions of birds captured in circular cages. The method is shown to compare well with a more time-consuming manual method.

In Contribution V, a reformulation of the labelled multi-Bernoulli filter is used to exploit a structure of the algorithm to attain a more efficient implementation.Modern target tracking algorithms are often very demanding, so sound approximations and clever implementations are needed to obtain reasonable computational performance. The filter is integrated in a full framework for tracking sea ice, from pre-processing to presentation of results.

Abstract [sv]

Målföljning (eng. target tracking) är ett välutforskat ämne med en historia som sträcker sig tillbaka till åtminstone 30-talet. Då tävlade en handfull nationer om att snabbast kunna upptäcka fienden innan det var för sent. Traditionellt sett har målföljning fortsatt att vara starkt förknippat med militära tillämpningar och flygfart. Det är först på senare år som billiga och kommersiellt tillgängliga sensorer har öppnat upp för en mängd betydligt fredligare användningsområden.

Målföljning skulle kunna beskrivas som lokalisering av främmande objekt genom att samla in data från sensorer. Den här avhandlingen behandlar framförallt målföljning av olika sorters djur där data samlas in med videokameror. Det finns två bakomliggande syften. Det ena handlar om att underlätta forskning för biologer och det andra handlar om att skapa tekniska lösningar för att underlätta skyddet av sällsynta djur. Även målföljning av drivis där data samlas in med radar behandlas. Trots den vitt skilda tillämpningen är många metoder desamma. Syftet är att hantera drivis i norra ishavet där detektion och målföljning är viktiga komponenter för att undvika kollisioner.

Biologer lägger ofta en ansenlig mängd tid på att samla in, annotera och sortera data. Det är tid som kan spenderas på mer givande forskningsaktiviteter. Med videokamera, bildbehandling och moderna algoritmer för målföljning är det möjligt att i viss mån automatisera datainsamlingen. Med automatisering kan mer information samlas in än med traditionella metoder och längre experiment kan ofta genomföras. Ytterligare en fördel är att man kan minska påverkan på djuren.

Parkvakterna i många nationalparker kämpar dagligen med intrång från tjuvjägare. De har ytterst begränsade resurser och utsätter sina liv för stor fara. Bestånden minskar fortfarande för många djurarter som går en mörk framtid till mötes. För att vända trenden behövs stora insatser på många fronter samtidigt. Målföljning kan bidra med att på ett kostnadseffektivt sätt tillhandahålla övervakning av nationalparker. Kännedom om var djuren befinner sig underlättar koordinering av parkvakternas insatser för att skydda djuren. Målföljning kan ske med ett flertal olika sensorer, såsom radarer, fast uppsatta och luftburna videokameror, mikrofoner som lyssnar efter djurläten och även vittnesmål från parkvakterna. All insamlad information bidrar till att skapa en helhetsbild av situationen i nationalparken om den används rätt.

Ishantering är ett viktigt område för oljeindustrin för att garantera säkerhet och undvika allvarliga olyckor. Målet är att upptäcka och spåra is som flyter i havet och om nödvändigt vidta åtgärder för att undvika kollision. Målet är att i förlängningen sätta upp ett stort nätverk av olika sensorer och databaser för att få en heltäckande bild av det aktuella läget. Flera källor diskuteras, såsom mark- och fartygsradarer av olika slag, satelliter, drönare med kameror och väderdatabaser.

Att skapa fullständiga och användbara lösningar för biologer, parkvakter och oljeindustrin är väldigt ambitiösa mål. I avhandlingen presenteras bakomliggande teori för målföljning varvat med författarens egna forskningsbidrag och lösningar för en handfull specifika problem och tillämpningar.

Det första projektet som presenteras är ett samarbete med Kolmårdens djurpark. Biologer i djurparken studerar delfiners beteende i fångenskap. I dagsläget markerar studenter för hand i video var delfinerna befinner sig i bassängen. Med målföljning samlas djurens positioner in automatiskt utan mänsklig inblandning. Det främsta bidraget i forskningen är utvecklingen av en modell för hur delfinerna rör sig i bassängen.

Det andra projektet som presenteras är ett samarbete med biologer vid Lunds universitet som studerar beteendet hos flyttfåglar. I en metod från 60-talet mäts fåglars rörelser i en tratt. Från repor i tratten som orsakats vid fåglarnas lyftförsök analyserar man riktningarna för lyftförsöken. Med videokamera och målföljning samlas djurens positioner in och enskilda lyftförsök detekteras automatiskt. Det främsta bidraget i forskningen är en metod för att bättre utnyttja information från videon till att detektera lyftförsöken.

Det tredje projektet som presenteras är ett samarbete med Smarta Savanner. En idé som utforskas är möjligheten att använda parkvakternas vittnesmål om spår från noshörningar för att förbättra målföljningen. Å ena sidan är data från videokameror och radarer väldigt noggranna i tid, men relativt osäkra i de uppmätta positionerna. Å andra sidan kan positionen för ett spår mätas noggrant samtidigt som det ofta är svårt att avgöra när noshörningen var på platsen. Genom att utnyttja informationen från båda källorna kan noshörningars förflyttningar i parken kartläggas bättre. Den bakomliggande teorin för observationer med osäker tid inom målföljning är relativt outforskad. Det främsta bidraget i forskningen är utvecklingen av en metod för att utnyttja sådana observationer. Enkla simulerade fall används för att analysera metoden. Metoden utvärderas även i en tillämpning för att förbättra den satellitbaserade positionsbestämningen av en orienterare genom att noggrant mäta positionen på kontrollerna.

Det fjärde projektet som presenteras är ett samarbete med Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet (NTNU) och Norut i Norge som samlat in radardata på Svalbard. Det främsta bidraget är utvecklandet av en metod som lär sig hur lokala strömmar och vindar påverkar drivisen för att bättre kunna förutspå rörelser.Ett annat bidrag i forskningen är en förenkling av formuleringen och implementationen av en modern algoritm för målföljning.

Projekten, som alla har flera likheter och skillnader med varandra, kan gemensamt sammanfattas med att de spårar rörelser, eller vandringar, i naturen.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Linköping: Linköping University Electronic Press, 2018. p. 190
Series
Linköping Studies in Science and Technology. Dissertations, ISSN 0345-7524 ; 1958
Keywords
Target Tracking, Sensor Fusion, Motion Models, Animals, Cameras, Radar
National Category
Control Engineering Signal Processing
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-152440 (URN)10.3384/diss.diva-152440 (DOI)9789176852002 (ISBN)
Public defence
2018-12-07, Ada Lovelace, B-Huset, Campus Valla, Linköping, 10:15 (English)
Opponent
Supervisors
Funder
Vinnova, 2016-05152
Available from: 2018-11-20 Created: 2018-10-31 Last updated: 2019-12-12Bibliographically approved
Gunnarsson, S., Jung, Y., Veibäck, C. & Glad, T. (2016). IO (Implement and Operate) First in an Automatic Control Context. In: Jerker Björkqvist, Kristina Edström, Ronald J. Hugo, Juha Kontio, Janne Roslöf, Rick Sellens & Seppo Virtanen (Ed.), Proceedings of the 12th International CDIO Conference, Turku University of Applied Sciences,Turku, Finland, June 12-16, 2016: . Paper presented at The 12th International CDIO Conference, Turku University of Applied Sciences,Turku, Finland, June 12-16, 2016 (pp. 238-249). Turku University of Applied Science
Open this publication in new window or tab >>IO (Implement and Operate) First in an Automatic Control Context
2016 (English)In: Proceedings of the 12th International CDIO Conference, Turku University of Applied Sciences,Turku, Finland, June 12-16, 2016 / [ed] Jerker Björkqvist, Kristina Edström, Ronald J. Hugo, Juha Kontio, Janne Roslöf, Rick Sellens & Seppo Virtanen, Turku University of Applied Science , 2016, p. 238-249Conference paper, Published paper (Refereed)
Abstract [en]

A first course in Automatic control is presented.  A main objective of the course is to put most of the emphasis on the Implement and Operate phases in the process of developing a control system for a process. The course is built around a large amount of student active learning based on three extensive laboratory exercises, where each laboratory exercise can have duration of up to two weeks. For each of the laboratory exercises there is a sequence of learning activities supporting the students’ learning: Introductory lecture, problem solving session, preparation work, help-desk session, independent work in the laboratory, and a final demonstration of the control system. In addition there is a small project where the task is to write a manual for a process operator. The laboratory tasks involve implementation of a control system in an industrial PLC (Programmable Logic Controller) and development of an operator interface.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Turku University of Applied Science, 2016
Series
Research Reports from Turku University of Applied Sciences, ISSN 1796-9964 ; 45
Keywords
Active learning, laboratory exercise, PLC-programming, operator interface, Standards 7, 8, 11
National Category
Control Engineering
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-129383 (URN)978-952-216-610-4 (ISBN)
Conference
The 12th International CDIO Conference, Turku University of Applied Sciences,Turku, Finland, June 12-16, 2016
Available from: 2016-06-21 Created: 2016-06-17 Last updated: 2021-12-17Bibliographically approved
Veibäck, C., Hendeby, G. & Gustafsson, F. (2016). On Fusion of Sensor Measurements and Observation with Uncertain Timestamp for Target Tracking. In: Proceedings of the 19th International Conference on Information Fusion: . Paper presented at 19th International Conference on Information Fusion, Heidelberg, Germany, July 5-8, 2016 (pp. 1268-1275). Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
Open this publication in new window or tab >>On Fusion of Sensor Measurements and Observation with Uncertain Timestamp for Target Tracking
2016 (English)In: Proceedings of the 19th International Conference on Information Fusion, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE), 2016, p. 1268-1275Conference paper, Published paper (Refereed)
Abstract [en]

We consider a target tracking problem where, in addition to the usual sensor measurements, accurate observations with uncertain timestamps are available. Such observations could, \eg, come from traces left by a target or from witnesses of an event, and have the potential in some scenarios to improve the accuracy of an estimate significantly. The Bayesian solution to the smoothing problem for one observation with uncertain timestamp is derived for a linear Gaussian state space model. The joint and marginal distributions of the states and uncertain time are derived, as well as the minimum mean squared error (MMSE) and maximum a posteriori (MAP) estimators. To attain an intuition for the problem in consideration a simple first-order example is presented and its posterior distributions and point estimators are compared and examined in some depth.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE), 2016
Keywords
Uncertain timestamp, target tracking
National Category
Control Engineering
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-130349 (URN)000391273400168 ()978-0-9964527-4-8 (ISBN)
Conference
19th International Conference on Information Fusion, Heidelberg, Germany, July 5-8, 2016
Projects
LINK-SIC, Scalable Kalman Filters
Funder
VINNOVASwedish Research CouncilSecurity Link
Available from: 2016-08-01 Created: 2016-08-01 Last updated: 2017-02-03Bibliographically approved
Veibäck, C., Hendeby, G. & Gustafsson, F. (2015). Tracking of Dolphins in a Basin Using a Constrained Motion Model. In: Proceedings of the 18th International Conference of Information Fusion: . Paper presented at 18th International Conference of Information Fusion, Washington, D.C., USA, July 6-9, 2015. Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Tracking of Dolphins in a Basin Using a Constrained Motion Model
2015 (English)In: Proceedings of the 18th International Conference of Information Fusion, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE), 2015Conference paper, Published paper (Refereed)
Abstract [en]

Visual animal tracking is a challenging problem generally requiring extended target models, group tracking and handling of clutter and missed detections. Furthermore, the dolphin tracking problem we consider includes basin constraints, shadows, limited field of view and rapidly changing light conditions. We describe the whole pipeline of a solution based on a ceiling-mounted fisheye camera that includes foreground segmentation and observation extraction in each image, followed by a target tracking framework. A novel contribution is a potential field model of the basin edges as a part of the motion model, that provides a robust prediction of the dolphin trajectories in phases with long segments of missed detections. The overall performance on real data is quite promising.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE), 2015
Keywords
Target Tracking, Constrained Motion Model, Potential Fields, Dolphins
National Category
Control Engineering
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-120373 (URN)978-098244386-6 (ISBN)
Conference
18th International Conference of Information Fusion, Washington, D.C., USA, July 6-9, 2015
Projects
LINK-SIC
Funder
VINNOVA
Available from: 2015-08-03 Created: 2015-08-03 Last updated: 2016-06-10
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