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“Count on me!”: Mathematical development, developmental dyscalculia and computer-based intervention
Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för beteendevetenskap och lärande, Psykologi. Linköpings universitet, Filosofiska fakulteten.
2018 (engelsk)Doktoravhandling, med artikler (Annet vitenskapelig)Alternativ tittel
”Räkna med mig!” : Matematisk utveckling, dyskalkyli och datorbaserad intervention (svensk)
Abstract [en]

A “sense” of number can be found across species, yet only humans supplement it with exact and symbolic number, such as number words and digits. However, what abilities leads to successful or unsuccessful arithmetic proficiency is still debated. Furthermore, as the predictability between early understanding of math and later achievement is stronger than for other subjects, early deficits can cause significant later deficits. The purpose of the current thesis was to contribute to the description of what aspects of non-symbolic and symbolic processing leads to later successful or unsuccessful arithmetic proficiency, and to study the effects of different designs of computer-programs on pre-school class aged children. The cognitive mechanisms underlying symbolic number processing and different arithmetic skills were mapped to discover their contributions to children’s proficiency. Findings show that the non-symbolic system continues to contribute to arithmetic performance, and that the general cognitive abilities’ contributions might vary with development. Moreover, more advanced mathematical skills were supported by less advanced. In order to investigate the underlying core deficit in DD, performance was contrasted with an individually matched control group on general cognitive abilities. Findings indicate that DD children are impaired on both nonsymbolic and symbolic processing, the most impairment on the symbolic measures. Furthermore, the results indicated subgroups. In order to investigate the effects of early intervention, three theoretically different designs of computer programs, designed in accordance to hypotheses of number processing were compared to a passive control group. Results revealed that even brief, daily arithmetic training utilizing theoretically different designs impacted different aspects of symbolic processing. The presented findings indicate that the non-symbolic system is the foundation for the symbolic system, and that DD is caused by a non-symbolic deficit. The present thesis also adds evidence that formal arithmetic is founded on precise representations, rather than approximate.

Abstract [sv]

En ”känsla” för antal finns hos flera arter, men enbart människan berikar denna med ett exakt och symboliskt system, t.ex. siffror. Det debatteras dock fortfarande vilka kognitiva förmågor som leder till mer eller mindre lyckad aritmetisk förmåga. Förutsägbarheten mellan tidig förståelse och senare matematikförmåga är dessutom starkare än för andra skolämnen. Tidiga nedsättningar kan således orsaka senare signifikanta nedsättningar. Syftet med avhandlingen var att bidra till beskrivningen av vilka aspekter av icke-symboliskt och symboliskt processande som bidrar till aritmetisk förmåga, samt att studera effekterna av olika teoretiskt designade datorbaserade träningsprogram på förskoleklassbarn. De kognitiva mekanismerna som ligger till grund för symboliskt nummerprocessande och olika aritmetiska förmågor kartlades för att upptäcka deras respektive bidrag hos barn med relativt välutvecklade symboliska system. Fynden visar att det icke-symboliska systemet fortsätter att bidra till aritmetik, och att de domän-generella kognitiva förmågornas bidrag kan variera med utveckling. Därtill, mer avancerade matematiska förmågor stöddes av mindre avancerade. I syfte att undersöka dyskalkylis underliggande orsak jämfördes dessa barn med en kontrollgrupp, individuellt matchad på domän-generella kognitiva förmågor. Resultaten visar att barnen med dyskalkyli uppvisade nedsättning på såväl icke-symboliska som symboliska mått, men störst nedsättning på de symboliska. Därtill indikerade resultatet subgrupper. I syfte att undersöka effekterna av tidig intervention jämfördes tre datorprogram, olikt designade i enlighet med nummerprocessande, med en passiv kontrollgrupp. Till och med kort, daglig aritmetisk träning gav effekt. De teoretiskt olika datorprogrammen påverkade olika symboliska mått. Avhandlingen indikerar att det icke-symboliska systemet ligger till grund för det symboliska, och att dyskalkyli orsakas av en icke-symbolisk nedsättning. Avhandlingen stödjer att formell aritmetik grundas på exakta representationer, snarare än approximativa.

sted, utgiver, år, opplag, sider
Linköping: Linköping University Electronic Press, 2018. , s. 71
Serie
Linköping Studies in Arts and Sciences, ISSN 0282-9800 ; 728Linköping Studies in Behavioural Science, ISSN 1654-2029 ; 204
Emneord [en]
mathematical development, symbolic number processing, Approximate number system, developmental dyscalculia, computer-based intervention
Emneord [sv]
matematisk utveckling, symboliskt nummerprocessande, Approximativa nummersystemet, dyskalkyli, datorbaserad intervention
HSV kategori
Identifikatorer
URN: urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-144196DOI: 10.3384/diss.diva-144196ISBN: 9789176854099 (tryckt)OAI: oai:DiVA.org:liu-144196DiVA, id: diva2:1172448
Disputas
2018-01-19, KEY1, Hus Key, Campus Valla, Linköping, 10:00 (engelsk)
Opponent
Veileder
Tilgjengelig fra: 2018-01-10 Laget: 2018-01-10 Sist oppdatert: 2019-09-26bibliografisk kontrollert
Delarbeid
1. Cognitive mechanisms underlying third graders' arithmetic skills: Expanding the pathways to mathematics model.
Åpne denne publikasjonen i ny fane eller vindu >>Cognitive mechanisms underlying third graders' arithmetic skills: Expanding the pathways to mathematics model.
2018 (engelsk)Inngår i: Journal of experimental child psychology (Print), ISSN 0022-0965, E-ISSN 1096-0457, Vol. 167, s. 369-387Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert) Published
Abstract [en]

A modified pathways to mathematics model was used to examine the cognitive mechanisms underlying arithmetic skills in third graders. A total of 269 children were assessed on tasks tapping the four pathways and arithmetic skills. A path analysis showed that symbolic number processing was directly supported by the linguistic and approximate quantitative pathways. The direct contribution from the four pathways to arithmetic proficiency varied; the linguistic pathway supported single-digit arithmetic and word problem solving, whereas the approximate quantitative pathway supported only multi-digit calculation. The spatial processing and verbal working memory pathways supported only arithmetic word problem solving. The notion of hierarchical levels of arithmetic was supported by the results, and the different levels were supported by different constellations of pathways. However, the strongest support to the hierarchical levels of arithmetic were provided by the proximal arithmetic skills.

sted, utgiver, år, opplag, sider
Elsevier, 2018
Emneord
Approximate quantitative pathway, Arithmetic, Linguistic pathway, Spatial processing pathway, Symbolic number processing, Verbal working memory pathway
HSV kategori
Identifikatorer
urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-144197 (URN)10.1016/j.jecp.2017.11.010 (DOI)000423652300024 ()29232622 (PubMedID)
Merknad

Funding agencies: Swedish Council for Working Life and Social Research [2008-0238]

Tilgjengelig fra: 2018-01-10 Laget: 2018-01-10 Sist oppdatert: 2018-02-21
2. Developmental dyscalculia: A deficit in the approximate number system or an access deficit?
Åpne denne publikasjonen i ny fane eller vindu >>Developmental dyscalculia: A deficit in the approximate number system or an access deficit?
2016 (engelsk)Inngår i: Cognitive development, ISSN 0885-2014, E-ISSN 1879-226X, Vol. 39, s. 154-167Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert) Published
Abstract [en]

Developmental dyscalculia (DD), a pervasive learning difficulty, affects 5-6% of the population. The current study sought to identify the underlying deficits by contrasting third graders (10-year old) performance against predictions made by two main hypotheses; the preverbal ANS and/or OTS and the access deficit. Through a mathematical and general cognitive screening, identified DD children were compared to individually matched controls on experimental tasks containing non-symbolic and symbolic tasks. DD children showed impairment on almost all symbolic tasks. Results on the non-symbolic tasks showed that DD children had poorer ANS acuity and reduced subitizing range. Most of the results were in support of the defective preverbal ANS and OTS hypothesis. However, as the effect sizes for the symbolic tasks were greater than for the non-symbolic, results indicate that the DD group was more impaired on the symbolic tasks. (C) 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

sted, utgiver, år, opplag, sider
ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC, 2016
Emneord
Dyscalculia; Approximate number system (ANS); Object tracking system (OTS); Access deficit; Non-symbolic and symbolic processing; Subitizing
HSV kategori
Identifikatorer
urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-131713 (URN)10.1016/j.cogdev.2016.04.006 (DOI)000381955000014 ()
Merknad

Funding Agencies|Swedish Council for Working Life and Social Research [Dnr 721-2011-2872]; Swedish Research Council [421-2007-1881]

Tilgjengelig fra: 2016-10-03 Laget: 2016-09-30 Sist oppdatert: 2018-01-10

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