Each year 6,800 bariatric operations are performed in Sweden. Bariatric surgery involves both a reduced intake and a reduced absorption of vitamins and minerals. There has been debate about whose responsibility long-term follow-up is, particularly regarding monitoring vitamin and mineral status. The Swedish Society for Bariatric Surgery and the Norwegian Association for Bariatric Surgery, who oversee their respective national quality registers, have appointed an expert group to develop guidelines for postoperative supplementation and nutritional monitoring of vitamins and minerals, along with a schedule for routine follow-up. Several existing international guidelines have served as the basis for the development of this guidance. The Finnish Association for Metabolic Surgery and The Danish Association for the Study of Obesity have also decided to adopt the recommendations. The care of the patient group with severe obesity is a common responsibility of primary care and hospitals, as patients are heavily affected by obesity-related morbidity, which, even without surgery, requires major health care efforts, not least from primary care. After surgery, a large proportion of these efforts can be reduced, but focus changes.