Escherichia coliO157:H7 (E. coliO157:H7) is a pathogenic strain ofEscherichia coliwhich has issued as a public health threat because of fatal contamination of food and water. Therefore, accurate detection of pathogenicE. coliis important in environmental and food quality monitoring. In spite of their advantages and high acceptance, culture-based methods, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs), polymerase chain reaction (PCR), flow cytometry, ATP bioluminescence, and solid-phase cytometry have various drawbacks, including being time-consuming, requiring trained technicians and/or specific equipment, and producing biological waste. Therefore, there is necessity for affordable, rapid, and simple approaches. Electrochemical biosensors have shown great promise for rapid food- and water-borne pathogen detection. Over the last decade, various attempts have been made to develop techniques for the rapid quantification ofE. coliO157:H7. This review covers the importance ofE. coliO157:H7 and recent progress (from 2015 to 2020) in the development of the sensitivity and selectivity of electrochemical sensors developed forE. coliO157:H7 using different nanomaterials, labels, and electrochemical transducers.