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Advancement of sensor technology for monitoring and control of upstream bioprocesses
Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Biophysics and bioengineering. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.
2020 (English)Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
Abstract [en]

In bioprocesses, the upstream process part with cultivation and harvesting steps has decisive influence on the final process outcome, including the quality of the product, the productivity and the yield. To ensure stable product quality of biopharmaceuticals, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) encourages the industry to apply the process analytical technology (PAT) guidelines. These guidelines strongly recommend advancements in sensor monitoring and control technology as the important means for improving performance of pharmaceutical manufacturing.

The aim of this thesis is to contribute to this advancement of sensor technology, by proposing alternative ways to apply existing sensors for monitoring and control of upstream bioprocesses. Cutting-edge sensor technologies are evaluated with respect to their suitability for process monitoring of critical process parameters. The sensor technologies are compared with other analytical techniques, mainly based on their performance and applicability for monitoring as well as control of common bioprocesses.

To cover diverse bioprocess conditions and requirements, a range of organisms, including bacteria, yeast and mammalian cells, have been used in the thesis. Through this, different needs, obstacles and challenges have been unraveled when culturing these organisms. One of these challenges is the wide span of growth rates of the cells used in production, which limits the number of the sensor technologies that are suitable for accomplishing efficient process monitoring and control. The mammalian cells for example, grow at a low rate, and may therefore allow the use of an at-line measurement technology as the presented screen-printed single-use enzyme biosensor for monitoring of metabolite formation. On the contrary, rapidly growing microorganisms, for example bacteria and yeasts, require faster analytical techniques, such as the in-line capacitance and near-infrared sensors used in the presented studies.

This thesis emphasizes the current needs and the importance of providing new and more advanced sensor technology for upstream bioprocess monitoring. The parallel advancements of bioreactor designs, with both stainless steel and disposable bioreactors, further emphasizes the need for a high degree of adaptability of the sensors. As highlighted in the thesis, the advancement of the sensors should also contribute to improve process stability and quality of the product by applying process control methods that efficiently can handle unexpected variations in biological production systems.

Abstract [sv]

Biotekniska processer svarar för att förse samhället med en rad viktiga produkter inom läkemedels-, livsmedels-, och bioenergiområdena. Det största intresset idag åtnjuter de biologiska läkemedlen som står för en betydande del av utvecklingen av nya läkemedel. För att säkerställa att läkemedel har stabil och hög kvalitet har det amerikanska läkemedelsverket (FDA) utfärdat en rad riktlinjer för läkemedelsproduktion som man benämner Process Analytical Technology (PAT). I riktlinjerna rankar man processövervakning och processkontroll som de främsta medlen för att nå hög produktkvalitet. Särskilt uppmanar man läkemedelsindustrin att utnyttja effektivare sensorteknologi för att öka produktionens säkerhet men också för att förbättra förståelsen för vad som händer i produktionsprocessernas olika delsteg. Vid produktion av biologiska läkemedel är det viktigt att förbättra kunskapen om de celler som används för att kunna uppnå målen i PAT. För att lyckas med det behöver man utveckla de sensorteknologier som används idag och anpassa dem bättre till de biologiska produktionsprocessernas förhållanden.

I avhandlingen görs inledningsvis en noggrann jämförelse av de sensorer som i dag är utvecklade för processövervakning med syftet att hitta de som är mest lämpade för syftena med PAT. Några av dessa har sedan utvalts och testats närmare för processövervakning i odlingskulturer som ofta används vid läkemedelsproduktion. Vid kulturer som används bl.a. för antikroppsproduktion är bildning av laktat en viktig parameter som behöver övervakas i produktionsprocessen. Detta har i avhandlingen lösts genom att först utveckla en enzymbaserad engångssensor och sedan testa den i produktionsmiljö.

Morfologiska förändringar i produktionsorganismerna, exempelvis genmodifierade bakterier och jästceller, kan ha negativa effekter på cellernas produktivitet och överlevnadsförmåga. Det är därför viktigt att kunna mäta och identifiera sådana förändringar. I avhandlingen har det gjorts genom att analysera frekvensspektra från en kapacitanssensor som får mäta cellerna vid olika produktionstillstånd.

Ett viktigt syfte med processövervakning är att använda informationen för att styra bioprocessen och på så vis säkerställa stabil produktkvalitet. I avhandlingen visas hur man kan använda en kontinuerlig sensor för att mäta cellers koncentration med infrarött ljus för att följa cellernas tillväxthastighet. Detta ligger till grund för en återkopplad reglering av cellernas tillväxt i produktionsprocessen. Arbetena som presenteras i avhandlingen spänner över de steg som PAT riktlinjerna rekommenderar - från design av mätsystem till processkontroll – och bidrar på så sätt att få ytterligare förståelse för bioprocesser och för hur man kan uppnå stabil produktivitet och produktkvalitet av biologiska läkemedel.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Linköping: Linköping University Electronic Press, 2020. , p. 62
Series
Linköping Studies in Science and Technology. Dissertations, ISSN 0345-7524 ; 2056
National Category
Bioprocess Technology
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-165116DOI: 10.3384/diss.diva-165116ISBN: 9789179298814 (print)OAI: oai:DiVA.org:liu-165116DiVA, id: diva2:1423588
Public defence
2020-05-15, Pascal, F Building, Campus Valla, Linköping, 13:00 (English)
Opponent
Supervisors
Available from: 2020-04-15 Created: 2020-04-15 Last updated: 2020-05-04Bibliographically approved
List of papers
1. On-line soft sensing in upstream bioprocessing
Open this publication in new window or tab >>On-line soft sensing in upstream bioprocessing
2018 (English)In: Critical reviews in biotechnology, ISSN 0738-8551, E-ISSN 1549-7801, Vol. 38, no 1, p. 106-121Article, review/survey (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

This review provides an overview and a critical discussion of novel possibilities of applying soft sensors for on-line monitoring and control of industrial bioprocesses. Focus is on bio-product formation in the upstream process but also the integration with other parts of the process is addressed. The term soft sensor is used for the combination of analytical hardware data (from sensors, analytical devices, instruments and actuators) with mathematical models that create new real-time information about the process. In particular, the review assesses these possibilities from an industrial perspective, including sensor performance, information value and production economy. The capabilities of existing analytical on-line techniques are scrutinized in view of their usefulness in soft sensor setups and in relation to typical needs in bioprocessing in general. The review concludes with specific recommendations for further development of soft sensors for the monitoring and control of upstream bioprocessing.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD, 2018
Keywords
Biomanufacturing; biotechnology; bioreactor monitoring; in situ measurement; real-time analysis
National Category
Dermatology and Venereal Diseases
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-145254 (URN)10.1080/07388551.2017.1312271 (DOI)000423834000008 ()28423945 (PubMedID)
Note

Funding Agencies|EU-Horizon Marie Sklodowska-Curie Innovative Training Network BIORAPID [643056]; Linkoping University

Available from: 2018-03-07 Created: 2018-03-07 Last updated: 2020-04-15
2. In situ scanning capacitance sensor with spectral analysis reveals morphological states in cultures for production of biopharmaceuticals
Open this publication in new window or tab >>In situ scanning capacitance sensor with spectral analysis reveals morphological states in cultures for production of biopharmaceuticals
2020 (English)In: Sensors and actuators. B, Chemical, ISSN 0925-4005, E-ISSN 1873-3077, Vol. 313, article id 128052Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

In situ capacitance sensing is shown to be capable of monitoring critical morphological changes in industrial cultures by analyzing the sensor’s frequency spectrum. Scanning the frequency of an alternating current between the electrodes of a capacitance sensor, placed in a cell culture, allowed detection of the size change of microbial cells from shifts in the spectra. The frequency was scanned between 0.1–15 MHz and cell size was measured from 1 to 20 μm. The analysis of the spectra was verified with two recombinant strains, one producing human insulin and another Green Fluorescence Protein (GFP). Both the insulin and GFP cultivations were carried out in 6 L fed-batch bioreactors using typical industrial procedures. The spectral analysis provided critical information about the changes in the size of the cells. It is suggested that this information may have high relevance for a better assessment of the state of cultivations producing proteins, for optimization and for improving the economy of large-scale biopharmaceutical production.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Elsevier, 2020
Keywords
Recombinant protein, Impedance, Capacitance, Dielectric spectroscopy, Frequency scanning, Cell growth
National Category
Pharmaceutical and Medical Biotechnology
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-165090 (URN)10.1016/j.snb.2020.128052 (DOI)000526287200017 ()2-s2.0-85082736277 (Scopus ID)
Note

Funding agencies: European Unions Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under the Marie Sklodowska-Curie actions grantEuropean Union (EU) [643056]

Available from: 2020-04-15 Created: 2020-04-15 Last updated: 2025-02-10Bibliographically approved
3. Single-use printed biosensor for l-lactate and its application in bioprocess monitoring
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Single-use printed biosensor for l-lactate and its application in bioprocess monitoring
Show others...
2020 (English)In: Processes, E-ISSN 2227-9717, Vol. 8, no 3, article id 321Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

There is a profound need in bioprocess manufacturing for low-cost single-use sensors that allow timely monitoring of critical product and production attributes. One such opportunity is screen-printed enzyme-based electrochemical sensors, which have the potential to enable low-cost online and/or off-line monitoring of specific parameters in bioprocesses. In this study, such a singleuse electrochemical biosensor for lactate monitoring is designed and evaluated. Several aspects of its fabrication and use are addressed, including enzyme immobilization, stability, shelf-life and reproducibility. Applicability of the biosensor to off-line monitoring of bioprocesses was shown by testing in two common industrial bioprocesses in which lactate is a critical quality attribute (Corynebacterium fermentation and mammalian Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell cultivation). The specific response to lactate of the screen-printed biosensor was characterized by amperometric measurements. The usability of the sensor at typical industrial culture conditions was favorably evaluated and benchmarked with commonly used standard methods (HPLC and enzymatic kits). The single-use biosensor allowed fast and accurate detection of lactate in prediluted culture media used in industrial practice. The design and fabrication of the biosensor could most likely be adapted to several other critical bioprocess analytes using other specific enzymes. This makes this single-use screen-printed biosensor concept a potentially interesting and versatile tool for further applications in bioprocess monitoring. © 2020 by the authors.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
MDPI, 2020
Keywords
At-line measurement, Enzyme electrode, In-line monitoring, Lactate biosensor, Off-line monitoring, Screen-printing
National Category
Bioprocess Technology
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-165115 (URN)10.3390/pr8030321 (DOI)000525842000066 ()2-s2.0-85081985509 (Scopus ID)
Note

Funding agencies: European Unions Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under the Marie Sklodowska-Curie actions grantEuropean Union (EU) [643056]

Available from: 2020-04-15 Created: 2020-04-15 Last updated: 2025-08-28Bibliographically approved

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